HISTORY AX!> BIOGRAPHICAL GAZETTEER OF MOiNTREAL TO 11 IK YEA.E 1893. ISY REV^ J. DOUGLAS BORTHWICK, LL.D., Fellow of " The Chicngo Collego of Scioiico " uikI ."Member of ■' The Canadian Society of Liten;taie." AITJIOU OK " Aiitonoin.uias of History and Geography ^^' — " Cycloptvdia of History and Geography^' — '•' The British American Keader,'' — " The Harp of Canaan,'' — " Inittles of the IVor/d,-' — ^'Ezery Man's Mine of Usefnl Knowledge,'' — ^^ Elementary Geography of Canada,'' — " History of Scottish Song," — "Montreal, Its History and Biographical Sketches,'' A'o. I. — ^'- The l\nirist's Guide to the Waterfalls of Canada,"—" Borthwick Castle,"— "History of the Montreal Prison, Jrom 1784 to 1887," — " History of Cyprus," — " History of India," — " Summer Kamhles in Scotland and England in 188S," — "The Commercial Register," etc., etc. " CONCORDIA SALUS. M O N T REAL: t- PRINTED AND PUiiLlSHED BY JOHN O-OVELL & SOX, 23 and 25 St. Nicliolas Street. 1892. F= ■ ■-? I.OUI) .MOrXT STI<:i'HH.\. TO Lord Mount Stephen, MOxXTREAL. I have much pleasure in dedicating^ this volume on the History and Biographical Gazetteer of Montreal to your Lordship, for the followinof reasons : — ist. You have been a citizen of Montreal nearly all your life, "a citizen of no mean city " ; 2nd. You have been connecled with the progress of the City for many years, and in many ways ; ^rd. You have been intimately connecled with, and instrumental in, beginning and developing that great undertaking, '•^The Canadian Pacific Rai/zaay," which now spans this Continent, and of which you were once the President ; 4th. You are one of the two who have given to the City of Montreal " The Jubilee Victoria flos/fita/" — a gift, in conjunction with that of Sir Donald Smith's, of such amo..ii '--^•^ '"* stand's or ~ nf the larges' ever donated in lis country for a public purpose ; 5th. But especially because Her Most Gracious Majesty The Queen, in recog- nizing worth, has raised you to the Peerage of Great Britain, under the title of the highest and most magnificent of ^A\ the Canadian peaks of the Rocky Mountains — ^'Lord Afoitnt Stephen " — which title 1 pray you may be long spared to bear, and, with '^ Lady Mount Stephen," enjoy years of health and happiness, not only in Old England, but in that City which feels proud of you and your well-earned honors — Montreal. I remain, Your Lordship's obedient servant, J. DOUGLAS BORTHVVICK. Montreal, November^ 1891, ) PREFACE. Several books on Canadian Biography have been printed since I issued ilie first one, in book form and illustrated, sixteen years ago. They generally take in the whole Dominion — this present volume is devoted to Montreal alone. I have endeavored to make this volume of such ])articular character, that it may become of some value as a book of reference and a guide in wliich many interesting items (in connection with the old and modern families of the City) will be found therein. The History of Montreal will be an important item of the work. Very many items of historical interest were exhumed by me from the Records of the Court House and the Montreal Gaol relative to the old customs and manners of our citizen fore- fathers, and during some of the stirring periods of her history. A few extracts from men of note and position, and who are calculated to be the best judges of these things, will give a fair idea that I have done something towards saving from oblivion the interesting memorials of Montreal and its environs. The well-known Canadian Litterateur, J. M. Le Moine, Esquire, of Quebec, writes : " I must commend your broad and liberal views of matters generally affecting the Colony." HoNiiLE. Judge Babv, of the Historical Society, as its President, says : — *' Tiiey contain a most excellent resume of the subject you treat of;" and in writing of the Records of Montreal he says that they " contain much valuable information for which the public is certainly indebted to you." Tliis is endorsed by Mr. J. M. Le Moine, one ofthebestofall Canadian Litterateurs and writers, when he says in a letter of date ist July, 1890 : " I have read with much interest in the Star your history of the origin of the names of the Montreal streets, and hope it will be preserved in the more durable shape of a brochure. Such infor- mation, I am sure, will find thousands of readers in Montreal and elsewhere." L.O. David, Esquire, the well-known writer and Historian of 1837-3S, etc., says : — " J'ai lu avec le plus grand interet le livrc que vous venez de publier sur les evene- menls de 1837-38. Vous avez le merite d'avoir fait connaitre une foule de details et de documents oflficiels relalifs a ces evenemcnts." Louis J. A. Papineau, Esquire, son of the fiimous Leader, writing from " Monte Pello," says : — " It is full of statistical facts that were generally unknown, and which must have cost you much care and research. It is a precious collection to add to our Iiistorical records." RouER Roy, Esquire, says : — " It certainly reflects great credit on your efforts to collect all possible information on the subject." 6 PREFACE. The History of Montreal, in the first i)nrt of this volume, will contain, then, a very large amount of items culled from all the writings of the Author for years past, and this feature will give it, I believe, much more interest than that of any previous work on the same subject. To all who have assisted me in the literary part, and especially to V. S. Murphy, Esquire, for his interesting article in La Croix /^oui;e, I return my sincere thanks. Many of the IJiograiihical sketches will be read with much interest. Interwoven with them are numerous items of History which otherwise would never have seen the light of day. Lastly, to all my patrons and subscribers. I return my most hearty thanks for the promptitude and readiness shown in enabling me to bring out the work. J. DOUGLAS BORTHWICK. MoxiREAL, November, 1891. HISTORY OF MONTREAL. j)v the first missionariL's sent out to Canada from iMuncc it was soon jjcrceivLHi thai the (;ccii]):ition and dcft-ncc of the Island of Montreal was an object of llie greatest importance, nay rendered indeed imperative, if tlie l'"rench wished to retain . authority in the Island; l)ut '"The Company" in 1'" ranee were unwilling to second their views in this respect. It fell, therefore, to the lot of some private individuals to' accomplish this good design. Several ])ersons in France, full of religious zeal, formed , themselves into a Society consistnig of ihirly-five members, for the purpose of colon- ;; izing the Island of Montreal. It was proposed that a I'rench village should be estal)lished, and be well fortified, that the poorer class of emigrants should there fnid an asylum and emi)loyment, and the rest of the Island be occupied by such friendly tribes of Indians as should embrace Christianity, or wish to receive religious instruc- tion : and it was hoped lh:it in time they might become accustomed to civilized liie. The greater jKirt of the Island had been granted to Messrs. Charrier and I,e Royer, whether disposed of by them or forfeited to the Crown does not appear from any official record that has been preserved. The king, however, ceded the whole of it, in 1641, to this Society, who took formal possession of it, at the conclusion of a grand mass which was celebrated on the occasion. 'I'he following vear M. de Maisonneuve. one of the Associates, brought out several families from France, and was appointed Governor of the Island. "On the iSth of May, 1642, the spot destined for the City was consecrated by the Superior of the Jesuits, who also dedicated a small chapel, hastily constructed, in which he deposited The Most. 'I'his ceremony had been ])re- ceded three months before by a similar one in Paris, where all the Associates went together to the Church of Xolre Dame; those of them who were priests officiated, and all supi)licated the '•Queen of Angels " to take the Island under her jjroiec- tion. The ceremony, at Montreal, was celebrated on the i8th of August; a great number, French and Indians, were present, and nothing was omitted which could give to the natives a lofty idea of the C'hristian Religion. 'J'hus "a few houses," as UourlK'tte observes, "built close together in the year 1642 on the site of the Indian village of Hochelaga, was the commencement of tlic City of Montreal, or, as it was first named, " ^'ille Marie." Parkman, the Historian, thus speaks of this interesting event : — " Maisonxkuvk sprang ashore and fell on his knees. His followers imitated his example; and all joined their voices in enthusiastic songs of thanksgiving. Tents, baggage, arni and stores, were laiuLcl. An altar was raised on a pleasant si)ot near the landing, and Mademoiselle Mance, with Madame de la Peltrie, aided by her servant, Charlotte l^)arre, decorated it with a taste which was the admiration 8 HISTORY OK MONTREAL. of the beholders. Now all the company gathered before The Shrine. Here stood Vincent in the rich vestments of his office. Here were the two ladies with their servant; Montniagny, no very willing spectator; and Maisonneuve, a warlike figure, erect and tall — his men clustering around him. They kneeled in reverent silence as The Host was raised aloft ; and when the rite was over, the priest turned and addressed them : ' You are a grain of mustard seed tliat shall rise and grow till its branches overshadow the eartl;. You are (e\v, but this work is the work of God. His smile is on you, and your children shall fill the land.'" Of the truth of this good man's prophecy, we, living 250 years afterwards, have an abundant \noof. The small mustard seed has indeed become a great tree, and the various nations of the Old World have lodged and are lodging in the branches thereof. "The afternoon waned, the sun sank behind the western forest and twilight came on. Fireflies were twinkling over the darkened meadow. They caught them, tied them with threads into shining festoons and hung them before the altar. Then they pitched their tents, lighted their fires, stationed their guards, and lay down to rest. Such was the birthnight of Montreal." Another writer (Sandham) says thus: — "The following morning they proceeded to form their encampment — the first tree being felled by Maisonneuve. They worked with such energy that, by the evening, they had erected a strong palisade, and had covered their altar with a roof made of bark. " On the evening of this memorable day, Maisonneuve visited the Mountain. Two old Indians who accompanied him, having conducted him to the summit, told him that they belonged to the nation which had formerly occupied the country he beheld. ' We were,' said they, ' a niunerous peojjle by us. The Hurons drove from thence om* ancestors, some of whom took refuge with the Abenaquis, some with the Iroquois, and some remained with their conquerors.' The Governor urged the old men to invite their brethren to return to their hunting-grounds, assuring them that they should want for nothing, and that he would protect them from every attack of their enemies. This incident awakened feelings of no ordinary interest in the bosom of the Governor. The unbounded tract that opened itself to his view discovered to him dark, thick, and deep forest?, whose height alone was a proof of their anti(piity. Large rivers came down from a considerable distance to water these immense regions. Everything appeared grand. Nature here displayed great luxuriancy." " It was some considerable time after their arrival before their enemies, the India;''', were made aware of it, and they improved the time by building some substantial houses and in strengthening their fortificatio!is. In this way they passed the Summer, and all seemed bright, when in the month of December the River St. Lawrence rose rapidly and threatened to destroy the result of their toil. The flood rose until it filled the fort and ditch and reached the foot of their fortifications ; but it then receded slowly and they were safe." HISTORY OK MONTREAL. 9 "While the water was rising, Maisonneuve made a vow that, should the danger be averted, he would cause a cross to be made, and would bear the same upon his shoulders and fix it on the lop of the mountain. He now i)roceeded to fulfil his vow, and in January, 1643, he set his men to work to clear a road up the mountain. When this was completed, they formed a procession, headed by one of the Jesuits, and followed by Maisonneuve ' bearing a cross so heavy that he could scarcely ascend the mountain.' When they arrived at the highest crest of the mountain, the cross was erected, and all knelt to worship before it. Mass was said and the Sacra- ment was administered to Madame de la Peltrie." The Indians were continually a sourcj of great trouble, anxiety and danger to these early settlers, as indeed they were for two hundred years afterwards to settlers all (ner the Continent of America. These Red Men would watch sometimes for days for any one to pass the palisades, and then pounce upon the unfortunate straggler,, tomahawk him, scalp him. and brutally murder him. This occasioned Maisonneuve to order that no man should go out or be near the outside walls without permission, which rule was imputed by his men to cowardice on the part of their leader. This so galled him that he determined to show that he was as brave as they were, and ordered his men to prepare to attack the enemy and he would lead them himself. •' He sallied forth at the head of thirty men, leaving d'Aillebout with the balance to hold the fort. After they had waded through the snow for some distance, they were attacked by the Iroquois, who killed three of his men and wounded several others, .^^aisonneuve and his party held their ground until their annnunition began to fail, and then he gave orders to retreat, he himself remaining to the last. The men struggled onward for some time facing the enemy, but finally they broke their ranks and retreated in great disorder towards the fi)rt. Maisonneuve, with a pistol in each hand, held the Indians in check for some time. They might have killed him, but they wished to take hiui prisoner. Their chief, desiring this honor, rushed fi)r- ward ; but. just as he was about to grasp him, Maisonneuve fired and he fell dead. The Indians, fearing that the body of their chief would fall into the hands of the French, rushed fi)rward to secure ''., and Maisonne.ive passed safely within the fijrt. From that day his men never dared to impute cowardice to him." One of the most effective of the guardians of the fort was a female dog named ''Pilot" and a number of other well-trained sagacious dogs. I<^very morning regu- larly these animals, headed bv " Pilot," would i)airol and make a reconnoiterimr tour all over the town. It is said she trained her own young to be most valuable allies to their masters, ^\■henever these dogs perceived any traces of the Iroquois, and more especially when " Pilot " had discovered any signs, then back they ran to the fort, giving a particular bay to intimate that danger was nigh. Then the colonists became alert, and they had need to be, fi)r already had \]vc Frenchmen lallen before the deadly tomahawk of the Iroquois, (luiliaiune Iloissier, the first person buried m Montreal^oiie of the i'lvc — was reverently laid in the little cemetery at 'Pointe a CallieM-es."' .\bbe Vcrreau asks why this spot and many others have not tablets 10 HISTORY OK MONTREAL. erected to commemorate the event of each locality? Tiic citizens of Montreal have at last bestirred themselves, and many tablets are being placed throughout the City in connection with his suggestion. In the year 1644, ^'1^' whole Island became the jjroperty of the St. Sal[)icians at Paris, and was by them afterwards conveyed to the ScMninary at Montreal, in whose possjssion much of it still remains. In 1649, a i)Oor girl of Montreal was executed, and only sixteen years of age, for a petty tiieft, and now it seems she was innocent. The year 1660 should ever be remembered in the History of Canada for the act of noble self-devotion of Adam d'.\-alac, vSieur des (Jrmeaux, and his sixteen brave companions, who met the Iroquois whilst descending the Ottawa on their way to attack the settlements of Montreal. D'Aulac. witli his few followers of white men, aided by a party of Huron Indians — the niiijority of wliom. however, during the night deserted the Fiench and went over 10 the Irocpiois (who were always their enemies) — liHik possession of a small fort of palisade work, and defended themselves with such dauntless and persistent vigor that when he and all his while companions with the few faithful Ilurons were slain, it made such an impression on the warlike Iroquois th:it tiiey returned home, sullen, dejected a'ld discontented. Only live men (Huron Indi.ins) escaped and reached .Montreal in s;ifelv, bringing the disastrous news. In the }ear 16S9, Montreal and the whole Island fearfully experienced the tieachery of the Indians in tlie '■ Lachine M;issacre." A well-known Historian thus describes the event : — '• The winter and sjjring of 16SS-89 had been passed in an unusually tranquil manner, and the smnmer was preliy well advanced, when the storm suddenly fell on the beautiful Island of Montreal. During the night of the 5tli Augu.-t. 1400 Iroquois Iraversed the Lake St. Louis and disembarked silently on the upper part of ihe Island, liefore daybreak, next );iorning, the invaders had taken their station at Lachine — in platoons around each house within the radius of several leagues. Tl;e inmates were buried in sleep — soon to be the dreamless sleep that knows no waking, for many of them. Ihe Irtxpiois only wailed for a signal from their leaders to begin the attack. It was given. In a short space the doors and the windows of the dwellings were broken in. the sleei)ers dragged from their beds ; men, women and i hildren, all struggling in the hands of their butchers, .Such houses as the savages cannot force their way into, they fire ; and, as the tlames reach the l)ersons within, intolerable pain drives them forth to meet death from beyond the threshold from beings who know no jnly. The fiendish murderers forced jiarents to throw their children into the llames. Two hundred ])ersons were burnt alive ; as many more were reser\etl to perish similarly at a future time, 'i'he fair island upon which the sun shone brightly erewhile, was lighted up by fires of woe ; houses, ])lan- Mtions and crops were reduced to ashes, while the ground reeked with blood to a sh(!rl league from Montreal. The savages crossed to the opposite shore — the desf)- l.ilion behind them being complete, and forthwith the Parish of 1 ,a Chenie was wasteil by lire and inan\' of the people massacred. Tiie savages lost but tliri'e men in the wtU'k of desolation." HISTORY OK MONTREAL. 11 Again, in 1691, a large br;dy of these same Indians. cml>oldencd by the liavoc thev had made in 16S9, advanced along the Riclielieu to attack Montreal ; but they were signally repulsed by de Callieres. Tiiey, however, treated with the greatest cruelty all who fell into their hands. In i'')93, a considerable army of seven hundred men, under Frontenac, was assembled at Montreal to chastise the Mohawks and other tribes of Iroquois. After some lime they returned to Montreal without accomplishin" much. This caused, in 1695. the Indians to retaliate by landing on the Island and committing some depre- dations and killing several ])ersons. To avenge the massacre of Lachine and this last incursion, l-'rontenac started from Montreal, July, 1695, with 1000 men. Em- barking at Lachine. he i)assed a considerable way into their country, but met no resistance. The e\i>edilion was of little value or result, t!ie Indians having retired bcfiin' him. He shortly afterwards returned to Montreal and died at Quebec, and was buried in the Ciiurch of the Recollets there. The Marquis de \'au(h-euil was elected the Clovernor of Montreal in his ])lace. Tiiw.uds the end of the nionih of July, 1701, no less than r5oo Indians assembled at Montreal. These included the Algonquins. Ilurons, converted Irorpiois, several other tribes and some of the Mve Xalions. A grand pow-wow or I'onferencc took ]ilace, which ended in a general ])eace, signed by all concerned on the 4th of the following August. The princi[)al Redman present was the fimous chief Kon- diiironk (LeRat). who has been styled "an Indian only in name." " When the deputies arrived in July foi' the purpose of 'weeping for tiie l''rench who had been skiin in tliew.ir' and to ' bury their hatchets, over which should run a stream of water in the earth,' ;is they entered the town they were saluted by the great guns arid cannons of the gariison. This caused one of the chiefs of the Huron Indians to say that 'fear makes the French show more respect to their enemies, th.an love can make ihem show to their fi iends." In the year 1710, Montreal was again in danger, as (leneral XicoNun, the Rriiish Commander in the Fnglish Colom'es. prepared then to move o!i it with a force of 4000 I'rnvinciais and 600 Indians. This expedition f.iiled and Montreal was saved. I, el me here describe Montreal, as taken from an old volume published in I'aris in the year 1721. h says : — ■"• The town of Montreal has a very pleasing aspect, and is besides very Cdiiveniently silualed. The streets are well laid out and the houses Well built. The beauty of the country around it, and of its jjiospccts, ins])ires a certain cheerfulness to which everybody is perfectly sensible. It is not fcjrtified, only a simple palisade with bastions and in a very indifferent C(Uidition, with a sorry red(Uil)i in a small spot, wliich serves as a sort of outwork and terminates in a gentle declivity, at the end of which is a small square, which is all the defence it has." In the year 17^1 nviils were regularly conveyed between Montreal anil (Jiu-hec for the first time. About this time great improvements were begun and completed on the fortifications of Montreal, so much so that the next traveller, describing the place, speaks of tliein in the year 1749. Kalm, the great Swedish naturalist, thus 12 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. says: — " Tlie city is well fortified, surrounded by a high and thick wall. In front runs the river, w'lile on tlie oilier side is a deep ditch, filled with water, which secures the inhabiiants against all danger from sudden incursions of the enemy. It cannot, however, stand a long siege, as, on account of its extent, it would require a large garrison. There are several churches and colleges. Some of the houses are built oi" stone, but most of them are timber, though very neatly built. Each of the better sort of houses has a dour towards the street with a seat on each side of it, for amusement and recreation in the evening. The gates of the town are numerous, there being five on the river side. The Governor-Cieneral, when here, resides in the Castle, wliich is hired from the Vaudreuil family. "Within the walls is a nunnery (Old Ulack Nunnery), and without is half a one (Grey Nunnery), and though the latter is ([uiie ready, it has not yet been confirmed by the Pope. "Every Friday is market day, when the country people come to town with pro- visions, and those who want them must supply themselves on that day, because it is the only market day in the week. Numbers of Indians may then be seen trying to sell furs and bead work." THE RED CROSS. I have much pleasure to present here to my readers Mr. P. S. Murphy's history of " La Croix Rouge." — " The Red Cross is at the corner of Guy and Dorchester streets, which for a century and a quarter has so prominently marked the burial place of IJelisle, the murderer, and has long been an object of curious speculation. The popular story is that it marks the grave of a notorious highwayman, who robbed and murdered habitants returning from Montreal to St. Laurent and the back country by Dorchester street, which was at that time the only highway west of St. Lawrence street. This story is somewhat incorrect. Bel isle was not a highway robber, his crime was house-breaking and a double murder. He lived on Le Grand Chemin du Roi, now called Dorchester street, near the spot where the Red Cross stands. On the other side of the road, and a little higher up, Jean Favre and his wife Marie-Anne Bastien lived, Favre was reputed to bv well off and to have money in his house. This excited the cupidity of Belisle, who formed the project of robbing his neighbor, and accordingly, one dark night, broke into the house and fired his pistol at Favre, when, however, only wounding him, he stabbed him to death with a large hunting knife. Favre's wife rushed in to help her husband, and was met by Belisle, who plunged the knife into her breast, and then despatched her by a blow of a spade. Belisle was suspected, and soon after arrested, tried, convicted and condemned to the terrible punishment of "breaking alive" (jomp-i tv/^, which was then in force under the French regime in Canada. Belisle was condemned to " torture ordinary and extraordinary," then to be broken alive on a scaffold erected in the niarke place (the present Custom House Square) in tliis city. HISTORV or MONTREAL. 13 " This awful sentence was carried out to the letter, his body buried in Guy street, and the Red Cross erected to mark the spot, as fully described in the following document, which is not only interesting but historically valuable: " '■Extrait du Requisitoire. du Procurcur dii Roi. " ' [e rcquiers pour le Roi (pie Jean Bapliste Cloyer dit Belisle soit declare dii- ment atteint el convaincu d'avoir de dessein premedite assassine le d!' Jean Favre d'un coup de pistolet ct de plusieurs coups de couteau, et d'avoir pareillement assas- sinO la dite Marie-Anne Eastien, I'epouse du dit Favre, a coups de beche et de couteau, et dc leur avoir vole I'argent qui etait dans leur maison ; jjour reparation de quoi il soil condamne avoir les bras, jambes, cuisses et reins rompus vifs sur un echafaud qui, pour eel effet, sera diesse en la place du marche de celte ville, a midi ; ensuile surune roue, la face tournee vers le ciel, uour y tinirses jours. Le dit Jean IJaptiste (ioycr dit Eelisle prealablenient applique a la question ordinaire et extraordinaire; ce fait, son corps mort porte par I'executeur de la haute justice sur le grand chemin qui est entre la maison ou demcurait le dit accuse et celle qu'occui)aient les dils de- funts Favre et sa femme. Les biens du dit Jean IJaplislc (loyer dit ]»elisle acquis et confisques an Roi, ou a qui il apparliLndra sur iceux, ou a ceux non sujcls a con- fiscation, prealablenient pris la somme de trois cents livrts d'amende, en cas que confiscation n'ait pas lieu ou profit de Sa Majcste. '• ' l'"ait a Montreal le 6 Juin 1752. " ' (Signe,) '" FOUCHKR.'" This history of the " Red Cross " was narrated lo Mr. Murphy, nearly fifty years ago, by Ihe widow of Louis Haldimand, a nephew of General Haldimand, once Governor of Canada. This lady was born in 1774, and heard the story from her nioiher, who lived near " la Place du Marche " (present Custom House Square) when the execution took place. The year 1759 will ever be memorable in the annals of Canada. The l''rench, perceiving that the English were in earnest in their designs upon it, sent strong rein- forcements to their garrisons. The campaign opened with great vigor. Canada was to be invaded at three different points under generals of high talent. The forces intended to act against (Quebec were under the command of General Wolfe, who had taken Fort Louisburg and subdued the Island of Cape Breton the preceding year. Wolfe's army, amounting to about 8000 men, was conveyed to the vicinity of Quebec by a fleet of vessels of war and transports, commanded by Admiral Saunders, and landed in two divisions on the Isle of Orleans, the 27th of June. The French Com- mander Montcalm made vigorous preparations for defence. He arranged his army of about 12,000 men between the river of St. Charles and the Falls of Montmorenci, to oppose the landing of the British forces, which, in their attack upon his entrench- ments, were repulsed. Wolfe at first doubted from this failure whether anything could be effected in the present season ; but afterwards, rousing his brave and ardent spirit, and calling a council of war, he resolved upon the bold and hazardous enter- 1-4 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. prise of ascending the Heiglils of Abrab.am, and attacking the city in tliat direction. The ])hin was executed with admirable skill and determination. The result is well known ; the chiefs on both sides fell and left behind them most honorable names. Wolfe died on the field of battle, in the arms of victory ; and Montcalm in the city, to which he had been carried, thankful that he should not live to see the surrender of the place. The battle on the Plains of Abraham was fought on the 13th of Sep- tember, 1 759; and five days afterwards, on the i8th, Quebec surrendered to tiie British arms. l-'ighting continued more or less for several months till in the following year hostilities finished by the surrender of Montreal. Its capitulation took place Sep- tember 9th, 1760, just one year after the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. J5y the terms of this ca])itulation, signed both by (lenerals Amherst and de Vaudreuil, pro- tection was promised to the inhabitants. 'I'hc free use of their Religion. Laws and Language was also guaranteed them. This was. however, only till the treaty of peace was signed. This was done between France and England at Paris, l"'eb. 10th. 1764. This treaty confirmed generally those articles of capitulation at Quebec and Montreal which related to the French inhabilaius of Canada, arid ihey thus became legally as much subjects of tiie Crown of Great ISritain as the inhabitants of L'eland or Wales. During the interval between the capitulation of Montreal and its receiv- ing warrant to hold ()uarter Sessions, that is, from the fall C)f Montreal in 1760 to 1764, Canada was held in occupation by the iirilish troops. Ceneral Gage com- manded in >[ontreal. General Murray was chief. Councils sitting in (Quebec, Three Rivers and Montreal regulated the affairs of the couiUry. They were composed entirely of military oflicers. 'J'his govermnent at last gave way to that granted by General Murray. In October of 176;^, an imi)ortant proclamation was issued in the name of " George III, King of I-aigland ; " officers and men in it were offered free grants of land in Canada, and "all jjcrsons resorting to the said colonies might confide in Mis Majesty's royal proteciion for enjoying the benefit of the laws of England." More than 400 Protestants of Jiritish origin now became residents in Canada — the French ])opulation of the province being a little over 75.000. In November, 1763. the military form of Government was brought to an end by the ap[)ointment of General Murray to the office of Ciovernor-General. His instructions were as far as i)ossible to introduce the laws of England. Another thing recjuired was that the inhabitants should comply with these conditions, viz. : " 'l\) take the oath of allegiance, to make a declaration of abjuration and to give up all arms in their possession." It was found impossible to procure compliance with these orders, and the (ieneral modified them as much as possible. The oath of abjuration could not be taken by the Roman Catholics, as it involved a fundamental principle of their Religion, and therefore no Roman Catholic was sworn in as Justice of the Peace ; that about arms was extremely distasteful ; whilst that of allegiance to the English throne was taken readily and cheerfully. It took a little over a year to regulate all these matters, and on the nth of January, 1764, letters patent under the Great Seal of the Province HISTORY OF MONTRKAL. 15 Were executed niuJ sent to Moses Hnzen, J. Ciraiit, John Roue. Francis McKay, I Thonvis l.anibe. !■'. Knife, Joliii lUuke. 'I'lionias Walker .nicl others, niakiny theni l Justices of tlie Peace of Montreal and vicinity. Among these names are two l-'rench '< names who were Swiss I'roteslants and had come to the country. Hence arose the I savin<' of a French Protestant being " a Swiss," and whidi title is given to everyone f. in the Province of (Quebec, whether he is born \n J-airope, America or Canada, who, I beinu I'rench, piofesses the I'lotes.ant religion. 'Fhe litie officially given to (itneral I Mmiav in thi> (.locumeiit is '• '['he I ionr-rable James Murray, I-lsc] , Captain Ceneral, Clovernor and Comniander-in-Chie.^ over our said Provnice of (Quebec and the Tcrri- tories depending thereon in America; ■■"■la ^'ice-.\dm^•al of the sauK'.'' This was dated from •'( )ur Castle of St. I,ouis" in the city of (,)uebec. 'llie tust general (Quarter Sessioii> of tile Peace were held on the i-yth liecemher. 1764. anti '• there werei>reseiu Moses lla/en. J. l)umas. F. Ma< kay, Plunnas lanibeand I'rancis Knife," the court adjourned to January, 1765. Tii • lirst item in the adniinistraiion of ji'stice '■ in Moiuieal was a case of assault and baileiy. ■j'lie first instance of •• felony '' is adjudicated on in the ^^ay met;iing of the' Court. i7'i5. It was a case of a man and liis wife, with a negro, stealing different articles. It is ihus rec(MLled : •'Sentence of A\'i]liani and Flnior March, and (ieorge the N'agre." '" 'I ney are to go luck lo the place of their confinement, tiie said W'll- h'.ini March to be stri})t to the waist, and I'dinor March to have hei back onl\' siripl, and the said (ieorge. the Nagre, and each tyed to the <:art tail, and, beginning at the gaol or prison, between the hours of eight and nine o'clock in the forenoon on Friday nexr. ihey are to proceed along lound b_\- tin Intendants and then to the Market Place, and lound by Saint I'rancis sti-eet .md through the Parade to jikice begun at, during which round they are to receive 25 strijies each on the naked back, l)csides 25 stripes each on the naked back when at the .Market Place." 'Phis is the first instance of a man and woman being flogged. Fli/.abeth Upt(^n is also condemned by the same Court for felony ; " I'hat she go back to the prison and there receive 25 strijies, ,ind then be dischargeil." On the next ojiening of the Court, July 22iid, 1765, the names of the Justices are Jn. Dumas, Daniel Robertson and Isaac Todd. It seems tluit our friend "die N'agre" either didn't think much of his 50 lashes received three months previousl\ — or dial the cuticle of liis back like his skull was so thick as to defy " the cat." We find him at this Court again a prisoner for stealing '• two pieces of silk ribjion." Knowing there was no use of prevarication, as a witness swore dead against him, he acknowledged his crime and pleaded guilty. This is the sentence which he received : I hat the said Ceorge, between the hours of 9 and 10 o'clock on the forenoon of Tuesday the 22nd August, be stript naked to the waist, and tied at a cart tail at the gaol, and then to receive 10 stripes, and at iMr. Dechambaux's corner 10 stripes, and the Pt. Street this side the GeneraPs 10 stripes, and at Mr. Landruve'a corner 10 stripes, and proceed to the Court cinner and then receive 10 stripes, and on the I'arade 10 stripes." Pet us sum up this sentence : Six times in his march he had lo stop and receive each time 10 stripes on his naked back with the cat of nine taiks. 16 HISTORY OF MONTREAL, August 2nd, 1765. In this sitting of thu Court a Frenchwoman named Margaret Tourangeau, for stealing '' a iiiece of camblet," is sent down to be " set for one hour in the stocks." Tliis is the first instance of these Old Country instruments of punishment being mentioned and used in Montreal. They were in commcn use in the IS'ew England colonies. Among the first regulations is that of the bakers, in which the while loaf is called 'a brick,'' ..nd sold at S coppers of 4 lbs. weight and the brown o( 6 lbs. at lo copi^ers. AniJther, and this shows there were slaves in Montreal in those clays, who were bought and sold like oilier merchandise, 'i'he rule was, " \o tavern, ale- house or innkeeper do receive, harbor or entertain any bond or servant slave or slaves drinking, gaming or loitering in their houses, under a iienally of ^5." Two years and a half before this, on .>4lh May, 1764, the first ])aper had lieen published and printed in ()uebec. This was called the (Quebec Gazette, and like its official name- sake of to-day was printed in two columns, — one French, the other Knglish. In the first copy of this ])aper there is found a reference in the Ilovie Neix-s 10 the New England States, and it '"hoi'es that the news brought out by the last shi]i is not true," of taxing those colonies for some of the expense incurred by Cireat Britain in their defence, especially the wars between the British Colonies and the French and Indians of Canada. Twelve years after, in 1776, the troubles culmin- ated 111 the separation of these colonies into the 13 United States. If Moses Ha/en, John Burke, Thos, Walker or any others of llicse old Justices of the Peace were alive to-day, after the space of 130 years, they would indeed fail to recognize the present Montreal of A. D. rSyi. An old Quebecer suddenly apjiearing in the Ancient Cajjital would not be quite so bewildered, 'inhere would be the natural features, the grand old heights and the noble river [lowing past — the old fi)rt, " Plains " and ancient buildings which he would remember ; but the old Montrealer would look with astonishment at tlie grand advance which his city has made in a hundred years, notwithstanding all it disadvantages of being 700 miles from the ocean and icebound in its river for months every year. The great energy of its new inhabitants has obliter- ated almost every feature and relic of the past, and it can now hold ils head high up among the largest cities of North America. Indeed, Montreal by the laicst census of the United States and Canada is now the 7th hi.rgest city on this Continent. Slie was by official records in the year 1.S61 tlie loth city in the listuf American cities, n(yw she is the 7th ; what she will be by the energy and jiush of her merchants in 50 years hence our children will see. But, in the days we write of. the site of old " Ville Marie " was very much the shape of a parallelogram. Of course St. Paul street and the river beach formed one of the longer sides, — we might call it the front side. The opposite side, or the rear, as it may be called, was Craig street ; the western boundary extended from the foot of McCill street to Craig street, and the eastern from the old Quebec barracks to the same street, Craig. East and west were strong fortification walls, 4 feet thick. These extended some distance along Craig street, and there is yet a narrow lane run- ning between St. James street and Craig, called Fortification lane. HISIORY OF MONTREAL. * 17 At tlie conquest in 1759, tlie principal buildings of the town included the Palace of the Governor-General, who was then M. de Vaudreuil, near the foot of Jacques Car- tier square and the house of M. de Longueuil, at the western end of St. Mary street. Probably the total area of the town did not exceed 100 acres. When the establishment of English rule was perfected by the Treaty of Paris, in February, 1764, then a strong tide of emigration set in towards Canada, and in U\c persons who arrived the bad was mixed with the good. It is remarkable that in the records of the (^ourt of Quarter Sessions for years aft^r the conquest of the country in Montreal there are very few French names before the magistrates for those crimes for which punishment by whi[)- ping, the stocks or the pillory or branding on the hand was nicted out. This shows how thoroughly they obeyed their cur6s to respect the laws and be faithful in their alle- giance; and though after this many emissaries from the colonies (among whom was the great Benjamin Franklin himself) tried to allure them, they remained firm. This emigration largely increased the population of Montreal. St. Paul street became the chief emporium for business. All beyond Craig street to the foot of the Mountain and to the east and west, including i)ortions of St. Lawrence, St. Mary's and St. Antoine or Anthony wards, were green fields, varied occasionally by swamps, woods, and underbrush. Those present populous adjuncts of the city, Quebec suburbs and Griffiatown, presented a very desolate appearance. There were the chapel and convent of the Sisters of the Congregation, the old Recollet Church, the Grey Nuns and the Parish Church. Tiiere was not a single Protestant church or school in the place. Two dreadful fires visited Montreal at this period of its I.Istory. On Saturday, iSth May, 1765, a fire broke out, and within a few hours destroyed 108 houses and reduced 215 families to the greatest distress. A very interesting pamphlet, drawn up by a benevolent individual, was printed in London on this occasion, and circulated freely in behalf of the sufferers. A large sum was thus raised in England and for- warded to Montreal in aid of those who had been burnt out. The population, at this time, of Montreal was about 7000, and according to an oflicial list of this year there were 136 Protestants. In the year 189 1 there were about 80,000 Protestants in Montreal, a steady increase from the 136 in the year 1765. On the nth of April, 1768, another fire broke out in the stable of one of the sufferers of the last fire, and raged with ungovernable fury for hours, when ninety houses, two churches and a large school were consumed. The number who suffered was great, many of them having been burned out at the fire of 1765, only three years before. Governor Carleton, of date 25th November, 1767, thus says, speaking of Quebec and Montreal : "The town of Quebec is the only port in this province that has the least claim to be called a fortified place, for the flimsy wall about Montreal, was it not falling to ruins, could only turn musketry." He then writes about both the French inhabitants and the new subjects since the Cession r " The Europeans who migrate never will prefer the long, inhospitable winters of Canada to the more cheer- ful climate and more fruitful soil of His Majesty's southern provinces. The few old 2 i 18 HISTORY OF iMONTRKAL. subjects at ))rcscnt in this province iiavc been mostly left here by accident, and are cillier disbanded officers, soldiers and followers of the army, who, not knowing how to dispose of themselves elsewhere, settled where they wore left at the reduction — or else they are adventurers in trade, or such as could not remain at home, who set out to mend their fortune at the opening of this new channel for commerce. But experience has taught almost all of them that this trade requires a strict frugality they are all strangers to, or to which they will not submit. But while this severe climate and the poverty of the country discourages all but the natives, its healthfulness is such that these multiply daily, so that this country must to the end of time be peojjlcd by a Canadian race, who have already taken such firm root and got to so great a height, that any new stock transplanted will be totally void and imperceptible among them, except in the towns of Quebec and Montreal." Of this prophecy of General Carleton, the fulfilment has shown it to be perfectly true. If we except the Eastern Townships, settled greatly by U. E. Loyalists, and those counties settled by Scotch and English emigrants and officers and men after the war of 1812-13, there is hardly a county now in Lower Canada where his words are not verified. In the general Sessions of October, 1768, one of those disgraceful acts was per- formed which was a shame in any Christian country to tolerate. In the case of the King vs- Anne Laneford for " larceny," she is found guilty, and her sentence, carried out, was as follows : Knowing the nature of her punishment, " she had put herself on her country," but nevertheless received the following punishment : " She is to be tied to a cart's tail, and conducted, naked to the waist, to Quebec Gate, where she is to jeceive 5 lashes, as also 5 lashes at the Old Chapellc, 5 lashes at the Chateau, 5 lashes at Landrunc's Corner, 10 lashes at the Market Place and 5 lashes at the corner of the Court House, and she is then to be discharged on paying her fees." In the January Sessions of 1769, a Erenchman of the name of Pierre Girard is arraigned for stealing flour and wheat. The jury find him not guilty, and add : " He is a perfect, honest man" — a high eulogium to be given on one who ten years just before belonged to the J^rench colony of Canada. At the same Court the first example of any one being put in the pillory is recorded. L. Beauvais (this time the culi)rit is a Frenchman) iscondemned " to stand there from nine to eleven o'clock, "and it adds, " for three market days." This sentence seems small enough on paper, but terrible in fact even for one day only. Let me explain what these jjunishments — //le stocks and the pillory — mean. We read of the Apostles St. Paul and St. Silas in the gaol of Phil- ippi having their feet " made fast in the stocks." Also King David says of Joseph, " whose feet they hurt in the stocks." It consisted of a machine of two pieces of timber with cut out half circular holes in each board, which when brought to stand one upon another narrow-wise formed two complete hoi' s, into which the ankles of the i)risoners were placed, the two pieces being firmly locked together. The i)illory was a senseless and useless punishment. It consisted of a frame of wood erected on ■posts with movable boards and holes, through which holes they put the head and hands of the criminal for punishment, the machine turn ng on a pivot and in a circle. It was inflicted near the market place of the old city on the prison ground and near IlISTom- OV MiiN'IkrAI. 19 i1k; OUKluaid House, and in later times (llial is after, say, fourleen or fifteen years of tliis rentuiy had passed ) al Xelson's Mmnnnenl. the culpiil faciii- the ri\er and Don- secours market. 'J'lie conmioii hani;inan attended, and witli wliip in hand, when the wrctcli wlieelcd around to faee tlie ^[oniimcnt and save lnni>elf from tlie shower of rotten etri^s and mud used it and made tlie culprit turn round aL^ain on the movable pivot of the pilloiy. After an hour or two standing thus in sucli a constrained position, sometimes the effect was disastrous, and peoi)le suffered loni,' afterwards from it. The first Frenchman publicly whipped was condemned by this (^mit. Ueiny guilty of larceny, he received the same i)unislinicnt ns the Englishman mentioned before, only his number of stripes \vas thirty-five divided at the same points in the public march and tied to the cart's t.iil. In the August term of 1769, there is given a long list of twenty-four bakers of the town md environs, but there is not one I'aiglish name, so that the iniiabitants were entirely deiKUulent on the French " boulangers " for their daily breail. I'he 4-lb. white loaf an.d the 6-lt). brown were ])oth sold for twelve sols at this time. In the Court of June, 1772, are the following names, showing how the new emi- grants were pushing their way in the new colony : John Sunderland, Peter Arnoldi, Ilugli Fanes, Jas. Perry, Thomas JUisby, Peter Forbes, John Iiorne, Duncan Camp- bell, Wm. Murray, John Trotter, Allan McF'arlane. \Vm. McClements and William INIcKay. For the second time only (in this Court) \vc come upon the reports being written in the I'"rench language. Tlie two justices wlio held this Court were French- Swiss Huguenots, viz., John Marteilke and John Dumas. At the General Sessions of Sei)tember, 1775, John Smith has four indictments brought against him for larceny. He is found to be guilty of all, but sentence is suspended until next term. It seems the next term was never recorded. The Court did not open again till January, 1779. During these next three years the inhabitants of Montreal had much to do to show their fidelity to their new king, and their ajiproval of the way the British had gov- erned since 1 760. All available men were now required for the defence of the country. Among the New Englanders things had been getting, in relation to Great Britain, from bad to worse. We all know that on July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Inde- pendence severed these thirteen States for ever from England and made a new nation, destined to become one of the most progressive and remarkable of the earth. This was a memorable year in Montreal. The new act, called the " Quebec Act," was to come into force on ist May, but the events which ensued prevented the assembling of a new Council till the year 1777. During this year the colonists of the New England States refused to pay the reve.iue taxes laid on them by the Mother Country. It was first a rebellion, and in July, 1776, they declared them- selves no longer subjects of the King, but free and independent States. Having declared rebellion, the war with Britain and her colony, Canada, began early in J^'ly> ^775- The Americans determined to take Canada, and for this purpose they sent two armies towards the North. In connection with this movement General Montgomery had detached Col. Ethan Allen with 150 men from the main 20 HISTORY or MON'TRKAI.. army to attack NFoiitrcal. On the 24th October, 1775, ho ciosscd the St. J.awrciice three miles l)elo\v the ciiy, at Loiimie Poiiile. No sooner did (len- eral Carlton know of it than he asseml)led 30 regnlars and about 200 militia, I''rench and English, of the town, and put them under the command of Major Garden, who. early next day, marched down to Longue Pointo and encountered the enemy. The Americans had jjossessed themselves ot" some houses and barns. An engagement took ])lace which histed half an hour, when the colonists under Allen were coinjjletely defeated, and he and his whole command were taken prisoners of war. Afterwards tlu'y wire all liberated when their main army under Montgomery took Montna.l. 'I'he American armies were conniianded respectively by Montgomery and Arnold as their generals. 'I'lu'y first t()(>k the I'oute of Lake Chanii)lain and the Richelieu Rivei-, capturing all the fortified places 011 their way. as St. Johns. Cluinibly and Sorel. AtSorel, Montgomery jilaced heavy batteries to prevent any comra.nicalion between (Quebec aiul Montreal ; and as soon as he marched to take the latter jjlace. (lov- ernor Carlton was obliged to escape to Quebec, which he reached under the skilful guidance of Captain JJouchette and his aide-de-camji, Chas. Del.anaudiere. Tlie .Americans took Montreal and entered the city on the 13th Novendjer, 1775, and finding abundance of tine liiick woollen cloth. .\[ontgomery clad all his troops in tliis C'anadian stuff. 'I'hey did not remain long in the city, but set out for Quebec, which was reached on the 5th day of December, 1775. An act of heroism and i)atri- otism occurred at this time well worthy of being noticed here. It was necessary to communicate with the General at Quebec from NFontreal ; but by the strict watch of the Americans at Sorel it was impossible now to ])ass by the River St. Lawrence. In the exigencies of the case, a French Canadian stepped forward and volunteered for the office. It has been attributed to Mr. Papineau, father of the Honorable Joseph Papineau. 'I'he letter was written and enclosed in a walking staff, and the brave man, equip]")ed as a ])cddler, set ()Ut on his perilous route. Leaving Montreal, he passed over to Longucuii, and travelled on slowly as a peddler to Sorel. Arrived there, he saw the American army, which was stationed there to protect the larger body soon to be on its way from Montreal to attack Quebec. Mixing with the soldiers, he sold various things and learned ^nuch that was useful. Pretending to sympathize with them against the Pritish, he was unrestrained and permitted to gO on his way, as he said, to the next village. When some miles from Sorel he left off his disguise, and\engaging swift horses never slackened reins nor speed, till, carrying the dreadful news before him and warning the people of the approach of the Amer- ican army, he arrived at Quebec, and the news of the capture of Montreal was the means of so strengthening Quebec that it resulted in the death of Montgomery and retreat of his army. Followed by the British Army, tliey abandoned Sorel, Chambly, St. Johnii and of course Montreal. During the year 1775 the Americans were con- tinually attempting to entice the French Canadian population to join in their revolt, but the more the Canadians saw of them, and* especially after their taking and plundering the city of Montreal, the less they liked them. They could not HISTORY OF MOXTRKAL, 21 forgcl their massacres in former years when these Colonists willi their Inth'an Iroquois desolated their country anil homes. They had prospered iii'the fifieen years of 15riti^•h rule, and they knew what war and its accompaniments meant, 'i'luis they remained loyal to the JJritish Throne and Constitution. 'i"he Philadelphia Congress, which had decided on Independence, determined to send a deputation to Canada ; and Dr. IJenjamin I'"rankliii. of world renown, and others formed that deputation. None knew better than I'ranklin the powers of the Press in any cause, and therefore he suizgested, and it was acti-d on. bringing into Canada a printing i)re;.s. so tliat by manifestoes, circidars and such like ]iapers sj)read broadcast among the inhabitants, they would know the f)bjects of ihcir mission and the advantages of annexation lo the levolled colonies. As an attache of the depu- tation sent on to follow Montgomery's army we find one named Mesplet. I'ranklin composed the matter f)f these circulars and Mes])lel did the mechanical work, but it all signally failed. I'ranklin and the rest of the dejuitatidii returned to the Slates ; Mesplet, however, remainetl in Montreal and continued the printing office in Custom House .S(piare, and subsetpienlly issued a four-paged eight-column weeklv iicwspajier, and called it the Gazette. It is the pioneer of all our I'jiglish papers in Canada proper, and is still continued to this day in the Gazette of Montreal. The Halifax Recorder was earlier than the Gazette, ■\'r, it was published in 1769, but the very first newspaper in Ihitish North America was the (Quebec 6'ngst the orphan girls who were brought up in the Oeneral Hospital in Paris, at the expense of the King. From these circumstances they were called " King's Daughters." Afterwards ])ersons of stronger constitutions were chosen from the cotmtry jiarishes, and thus many of the present families of Quebec Province received their lirst progenitors. It is interesting to read records of the first marriages and baptisms during these years, after l''rench and l-aiglish had both sworn allegiance to (leorge III. Rev. Dr. Cami)bell, in his interesting volume on "Old St. Gabriel Church," from which I have received a vast amountof information regarding the old families of Montreal, tells us that Rev. Dr. Dclisle was "the first Protestant minister resident in Montreal ; " and then he adds this information, which may be the true meaning of " Swiss " as applied to a l*"rench Protestant : " The advent into Canada of )""rench Protestants, as representatives of the Church of Kngland, was in pursuance of the policy of the IJritish authorities, who hojied and expected, by means of clergymen sjjeaking their own language, to convert the Frcncii Canadians to Protestantism, and HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 23 thereby secure Uieir loyalty to England. This hope of winning tlie habitants W. the faith of the Church of J''.ngland was doomed to disai)pointment, and after a fifty years' trial it was entirely abandoned." Diirnig the years 1775 and 1776, the inhabitants of Montreal experienced many changes and vicissitudes. Xo doubt to some of the French pojjulation it Iiad at first been galling to be under the Union Jack instead of the lilies of France, but the fifteen years of IJritish rule had greatly changed .heir opinion. They had better markets, better crops in these days of peace, and seruier privileges every way, and now to be subjected to the sway of the New England colonist was indeed worse than ever. Toy spread over the City when the last of the invading American army passed .St, Johns on their retreat to their own country. It was a busy time, not only in Mon- treal, but in the Fort of Ciiambly, which was then the principal station of JJrilish troops and munitions of war during the continuance of the struggle between the ^Mother Country and her revolted colonies. 'I'roops were arriving and troops dejiarf ing — for preparations were being made to follow up the retreating Americans under General Arnold, from Quebec, and invade their country. In all these struggles, up to the close nearly of the fratricidal war, Vermont was always co([uelting to remain faithful to England and join Canada, and we find in the archives of that period various letters and documents from different individuals relating to this subject. At las "Tile Green Mountain Boys" threw in their allegiance with their countrymen and joined the Republic. In a letter from Governor Chittenden to General llalde. mand, we find him slating : '• That the i)eople (jf Vermont are waiting for a free trade with Canada." " They consider themselves unconnected with any power, and by natural situation inclined to this province (Canada) for commerce." This was written in July, 1784, just when the war finished and before the \'ermonters finally j(;ined the Union. Previous to this, in 1782, Ethan Allen had written to the Gover- nor that "Congress had refused to admit Vermont," — this had "stirred up the common people against the Confederacy." He says that " he believes a vote to con- tinue the British connection would be carried, and will do all in his power to render the .State a Jjrilish Province." Washington threatened in July, 1783, that if''Vei- mont were not (juiet he would move his whole force into the State," (Jn the 24th July, 1776, the distribution of troops and the order of march were issued in general orders. ()uite a number of recruits had joined the regulars, and the Volunteers and .Militia were daily drilling in Montreal. All the recruits at Chambly were drafted into the 47th and 53rd Kegiinenls, and two companies of the 2rst set out on the march to St. Johns. On the 26th a seige.uu's parly were ordered to look after "rebel (that is, American) skulkers," who were trying to assassinate struggling soldiers. The principal party of rebels were under a man named Whitecoiirt. Short shrift was granted to any of them who fell into the hands of the British troops, who had peremptory orders to hang at once every one taken in Canada. On the 27th a general order from General Burgoyne commanded all to be in readiness to march. On the 9th of August a gang of deserters was captured, and all French Canadian 24 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. prisoners were condemned to work at the fortifications of Isle aux \oix. The 62nd Regiment was ordered to cover the works at St. Johns, and the other troops were distributed along the Richelieu. The yth, 21st, 62nd and 29th Regiments are men- tioned as belonging to the ist and 2nd Brigades. Orders were issued in Sejitember to take great precautions "on the Sorel, Yamaska and St. Francis against skulkers." All sjjare baggage was to be sent on to Montreal. All children belonging to the forces forming the expedition were also sent into the city. Lastly, all horses in the parish of Ciiambly and surroundings were pressed into army service. After three days no horse was allowed to any person. On the 21st of September, the 47th Regiment was ready to march, and all the posts at Lacolle, Isle aux Xoix, St. Johns, etc.. were strictly guarded. The 31st Regiment on the 24th marched to St. Johns. On the 4lh of October, 1776, at Isle aux Xoix, the General issued general orders, thanking the troc-ps for the rapid progress made in the i)reparation of the expe- dition to meet the enemy, and thus began the uivasion of the New England colonies in retaliation for their invasion of (Canada the year before. It resulted in General Burgoyne and his whole army surrendering, as prisoners of war. When he started from Canada early in the beginning of 1777, he had with him a well-equi])pcd army of 7000 men and a large body of Indians. His advance was executed with great skill and intre- pidity. He marched boldly on from .St. Johns into the .States, and bore down all before him. but of no avail. At an immense distance from his sujiplies the situation became most hazardous, and at last he iiad to surrender, liy the terms made, the 39th and other regiments returned no more to Canada during this war. They were shi])ped either from Boston or New York. The terms of surrender were '' that the troops should lay down their arms, be sent home, and should not serve again in America during the war." ( )f course this sad result left many a Canadian fr.niily in sorrow and misery, and thus we find so many petitions to the Governor for relief like the follow- ing: Agnes Laforce l)rays " that her late husband suffered for his loyalty, and was compelled to leave Virginia, that she and her family were taken ])risoners by British troops and Indians, and with thirteen negroes taken to Detioit, where the negroes were sold." ( )n Ivr arrival in Montreal she ])rays for their restoration to her, or that their value be paid her. We must remember that this was in January. 17S0, and the American war was then going on. ( )ne of the most jiathetic letters of the times is that of Michel Delisle, a l''rencli Canadian prisoner with the Americans, to his wit'i'. He regrets the se])aration, ho]»es for a speedy release, and ex])rtsses sub- mission to the will of Heaven. Angelique Godefroy ])etitions that " her husband has bt'en missing since the action of the 19th September. 1777, and he is supposed to be taken jirisoner. But now it is believed that he is killed, and she requests die pay to be continued to her which has been stopped." Genera] Arnold, on his retreat fiom (Quebec in the sjiring and early summer of 1776. did an enormous amotnit of harm to the country, in breaking down bridges, burning houses and barns, destroying fences and culverts, and ill-treating the inhabit, ants to a greet degree because of their fidelity to the British Crown. When, in 1781, HISTORY or MONTREAL. 25 • umors were rife of another attempted invasion of Canada by the Americans, ppon- tancoiisly, from both Quebec and Montreal, came addresses from the French Cana- dians to the Government, expressing indignation at the renewed attempt and their determination to oppose it. Tiie address Hkewise declared " that the most earnest and hearty supi)ort should be given to every measure of defence necessary for the safety of the p.rov- ince." I presume that the seeds of tliis loyalty still lingered in the hearts of the des- cendants of these men ; at least it was exemplified to the full thirty years after, when the Americans did actually invade their country, and when the sons of those men who showed themselves faithful to England's Crown, and drove back the enemy, under the command of the immortal DeSalabcrry, completely discomfited their ene- mies at the battle of Chateauguay. God only knows the amount of misery and woe which the ^^'ar of Independence occasioned. During the years from 177510 17S3, when the British Government at last signed tne articles of freedom with the 13 States, homes were ruined ; farmsteads obliterated, burned, or demolished; thousands of helpless women and children wandered about homeless, widows and orphans, and all caused by the stubbornness of the King's councillor:-, although the ablest and great- est oratorand statesmanofthe time, liuike, declared that ''peace should be made with the revolted colonies even by giving them their independence." Let me give tiie character and condensed contents of some of the petitions presented to the Govern- ment of the country — to show the ])resenl generation the blessings of ])eace. In August, 1778, Thos. .Sutton, then in Montreal, an ensign of the 47111 Regiment, ])rays"fora bmnity of one year's pay granted to officers wounded in action, lie having lost a leg whilst serving with Hurgoyne." In 1784, "John I'"raser, Judge of Common Pleas, Montreal," prays for '• payment of arrears while a i>risor.er with the Rebels." Whether he wci-e taken ]irisoner when Montg(»iiiery took Montreal, and carried away as a sort of hostage, or captured at some subsetpient date, there is no means of kncnving. It shows, however, that he was a prisoner in the hands of the Americans. In October. 1778. there is a re(iuest of sundry loyal inhabitants of the frontiers of New York and Pennsylvania now in Montreal, asking for permission logo ba<:k to relieve their families, " they having been carried off prisoners by the Indians." 'l"he next is a sad case, but shows the loyal spirit of the woman, i'llizabelh Tiiompsoni ill ( )clol)er, i 779, states that " her husband, to avoid the treatment which was threat- ened against him by the Rebels, had esca])ed to Ireland ; she had escaj)eil with her infant daughter into Canada, and now wishes to rejoin her husband, and asks for a ]iassage to Cork." In 1781, a number of Loyalists at St. Johns request to be granted a " flag of truce," sous *' to get their wives and children out of the hands of the Rebels." Perhaps the most pathetic of all is that of John McDonald from Mon- irral. He is 74 years of age and Iiis wife 67. He says that" he had nine sons 1 '' — ■ no liss than "seven in the army of his King and two on the King's works." Noble I'airiot I And he states tl)e persecutions he has suffered, being reduced to 26 HISTORY or MONTREAL. poverty from llic losses he has sustained, and prays for relief, and, no doubt, substantial relief was meted out to him for his gift to his country and the loss of all his worldly goods in the revolted colonies. No wonder, then, that we find in the army of Burgoyne many Montrealers. His- tory tells us there were no less than 500 Canadians in liis army. In looking over the register of the Rev. Dr. Delisle from 1766 to 1787, we find very many intermarriages. His register was the first English register in Mont- real, for although there were two Protestant clergymen before him, viz. : Rev. Mr. Ogilvie and Rev. Mr. Bennett, they left no registers. Some of our most influen- tial families are mentioned, and others whose names are connected with the advance- ment and progress of the province, and Montreal in particular. We find there the name of Simon Fraser, of Wolfe renown, also the founder's name of McGill Univer- sity and McGill street, "James McGill." Mostly all the names are of common occurrence, as in these days, and a large percent.ige Scotch ; also every man is English-speaking and every woman French- speaking, and we know th^; result as regards the religion of their posterity at the present day. At this time, when comparing Montreal of 1S92 with Montreal of 1780, it was then indeed " a humble town." The English mail was once a month. It was sent by way of New York after the final signing of Independence by Great Britain, and was four weeks in getting to New York from Montreal to the packetship that carried it across the Atlantic. One had to wait, not four weeks, but four months, before an answer was received from the other side. Let us follow the answer back, of this letter, which was sent to Britain three months ago. The packet returning called at Halifax, whence the letter would in a month's time arrive in Montreal. We may well be proud of the 19th century. Science, in many of its most wonderful divi- sions, lay slumbering till its advent. Steam coaches, steamships, steam mills of every description, telegraphs by land and sea, telephones and phonographs, sewing machines and all the wonders by electricity, iron ships and ironclads, smoke- less powder, things never before conceived nor thought of in the mind of man — these are the inventions of the 19th century ; and when a daily mail leaves Canada, not only for Great Britain, but for France, Germany, Belgium and a host of other countries, it does seem strange to us iha. the postal authorities should have issued this notice about this period : " Letters for any part of the Continent of F^urope are to be sent under cover to a correspondent in London, otherwise they cannot be forwarded from this i)rovince." 'I'he social condition of Montreal during these years and succeeding ones may be summed up by reading an account of a visit by Isaac Weld in his "Travels in and through the States of North America, etc." He speaks of Montreal thus : " There are six churches in Montreal, — one for English Episcopalians, one for Presbyterians and four for Roman Catholics." " The people of Montreal are remarkably hospit- able and attentive to strangers. They are sociable also amongst themselves, and fond HISTORY OF MONTREAL. -7 ill the extreme of convivial amusements. In winter they keep up such a constant and friendly intercourse with each other tliat it seems tlien as if the town were inhab- ited but by one large family. During summer they live somewhat more retired, but throughout that season,- li club, formed of all the principal inhabitants, both male and female, meet every week or fortnight for the purpose of dining at some agreeable spot in the neighborhood of the town." " On this part of tiie mountain it is that the Club, which 1 mentioned, generally assembles. Two stewards are appointed for the day, who always >'hoosc some new spot wher^ there is a spring or rill of water and an agreeal)le sliade; each family brings cold provisions, wine, etc., tlie whole is put togetlier, and the company, often amounting to one hundred persons, sits down to dinner." This is no doubt the effect of these intermarriages already spoken of Not agree- ing entirely with Joseph F. R. Perraultin his beautiful extracts, which I give as found in one of the most interesting volumes on modern Canada, from the pen of Dr. Bender, of Quebec — still this Utopian period may yet come in the distant future. He says: " Happy, thrice iiappy shall be the day wiien Canadians and English of all denom- inations shall unitedly form but one and tiie same family, have the same institutions, speak the same language, obey the same laws, and have no other ambition than of bearing the name of Canadians and combining their efforts to maintain l!ie glory of the Ihitish Emj)ire and the prosperity of the colony of Lower Canada." This was written about 1832, and before the rebellion of 1837-38. To show the state of the social condition at this time may be also recorded the following facts : Here is an advertisement which appeared in the public jiress of Montreal : — "Montreal, ist April, 1789. "To be sold — A stout, healthy negro, about 28 years of age, is an excellent cook and very fit for working on a farm. Enquire of the Printer." As far back as 1777, John King, a negro, petitioned the Governor, and "prays that he may be set at liberty," and giving as a reason his services to the Govern- ment. Then in 1783, " Plato, a negro slave," prays that he be allowed to join his own master. In 1784, " John Black, a negro," who had served as a seaman in His Majesty's service, " prays the Government for a passport to protect him in his lib- erty, of which Captain Martin, with whose wife he is now serving, seeks to deprive him ; " and in the courts of 178 1, held in tlie month of April, of that year, one Samuel Judah makes a complaint " that a negro man named Jacob was sold to him by Mr. I,auzon, having lived with liim as his servant slave for about five months, that he did assault him and take him by the collar, etc., etc." Tiie Court ordered poor "Jacob, the negro man, to be committed to prison for assault, and to find security for his future behavior," and in the same Court is this record : "Court found tiie defen- dant, Caisar, a negro man, not guilty, and ordered him to be discharged." In 28 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. these days of Montreal's history, this time exactly loo years ago, slavery was one of its institutions, and slaves were bought and sold regularly as other goods and chattels on the market. Slavery was abolished in Upper Canada by an Act of Parliament (held at New- ark, now Niagara), May 31st, 1793. In Lower Canada a bill for the same purpose was brought into Parliament in 1793, and not carried. It was again brought up in 1799 and 1800, but nothing was done, however, until 1833, when slavery was abolished by an Act of the British Parliament, sanctioned August 28th, 1833, abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire from and after August ist, 1834. But in 1803, Chief Justice Osgoode decided, at Montreal, that " slavery was incompatible with the laws of the country." In 1780, Patrick Langan sold to John Mittleberger, a negro named Nero^ foi ;^6o, and the last slave was publicly sold in Montreal, 25th August, 1797. The deed was. passed by Mr. Guy and his partner, notaries. The name of the slave was Emanuel Allen, aged 2)2> years; price, ;^36. The sale was afterwards set aside by legal pro- ceedings. This year, 1777, much fighting took place between the mother country and the revolted colonies. Wliilst these events were in progress. Sir Guy Caileton, the Governor, was devoting his attention to the internal affliirs of the country. The Quebec Act, or, as it was designated, " An Act for making better provision for the Government of the Province of Quebec in Nortli America," had been passed in 1774 by tlie Parliament of England, but on account of these troublous limes had never been carried into effect. This Act, Carleton brought into active effect by creating the new council, wliich held its first meeting in tlie spring of tliis year. Five of its members were Frencli Canadians. Tiie courts of law were now reorganized to con- duct their business according to the si)irit of this Act; and thus we find that these Courts were once more opened. The: court ojjcned January 9, 1779. At the March term we find several French names as justices of the peace; out of nine, five are Frencli, viz., Hertcl de Rouville, Joseph Longueuil, Nex'iieiSevcsire, Pierre Mezure, Pierre Forlier. Tiie first time James McGill appears as a justice is in the September term. His brother justice was Pierre Fortier. Bread was very dear at this time, in the middle of the American War, and wheat was scarce. The brown loaf was 30 sols, or is 3d, of 6 lbs. ; the wliite loaf 25 sols, or IS o'^^d. In May tiiere is a schedule of the amounts (granted by the Court to several traders) they could purchase of different articles. HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 29 Pork. Flour. Biscuit. lbs. lbs. lbs. Messrs. Todd & McGill 6,000 2,000 10,000 L. Erniantiiiger 4,000 2,000 Gabriel Cote 2,000 1,000 3,600 Hypolite Desriviercs 4,000 1,000 1,800 M. Blondeau 1,000 1,000 i,8co Clias. Chaboillcz ... 600 6,000 1,800 |os. SanguiiK't 600 1,000 1,200 This table shows that Js. McGill was an extensive merchant, — one of the largest in Montreal. In tl'.e Court of King's Bench, September, 1781, is recorded the first murderer to bo hanged in the history of this Province since the Cession, William Blunt. Another, Elijah Lawrence, for grand larceny, is convicted, sentenced to be hanged but recommended to mercy. No capital sentence was pronounced in Montreal dur- ing the years 1782 and 1783, although in Quebec five men were hanged for highway robbery and grand larceny, three being soldiers. In the presentment of the Grand Jury for 17S2, they speak of a disease known as " Ma/ aiigiois Lustacn/c " or " Sib- l)i/is." They give reports by Blake, Syn), Selby and Jobert, surgeons. This disease was more generally known as the "St. Paul Bay disorder," and wc find that in September, 1783, a letter is sent from the Government toSurgeon Blake, " to investi- gate, report and use remedial measures in respect to the St. Paul Bay disease." In the Court, January, 1784, a man named Francoeur is placed in the stocks " with a paper label on his breast," with these words "for theft" on it, "and then afterwards he was to be discharged." The sheriff reminded this Court that all persons sentenced to be " burned in the hand in the Court of King's Bench may receive their punishment in this Court agreeable to sentence." Let us describe what burn- ing in the hand was. This is the first instance of its being mentioned as a punish- ment on malefactors. It is often si)oken of during the first 25 years of this century. The punishment consisted thus: The prisoner was l)rought from the gaol into the court room, and made firm by an iron hand at the back of the dock, the palm part of his own hand being opened tightly. The red hot iron, sometimes ending either in a crown or some other device, was held ready by the connnon hangman, and the punishment was inflicted in the centre of the palm. The instrument being ready, the prisoner is informed that the moment it touches his flesh he can repeat as fast as he can these words in French, " Vive le Roi," three times, and at the end of the third repetition, the punishment would cease, or the words " God save the King," if he were an English prisoner. Even in this short time, the hot iron has hissed into the flesh, and made such a mark that all the waters of the St. Lawrence could not efface it. In the records of the Court of King's Bench for this year, we find some terrible instances of the punishments then meted out. In the March term, eight men for grand larceny were sentenced to be imprisoned and " burned in the hand." 30 HISTORY OF Montreal- Two men were ordered " lo be twice wliipped in the pul)lic market of Montreal by the common hangman, and Josette Poldevin was condemned to be ])laced in the stocks, with a label on her breast s[)ecifying her crime." in the Sei)tember term this year, two men for stealing cattle and sheep were condemned to be hanged. John Abbot and Henry Arckle for grand larceny were imi)risoned and whijJjKd by the common hangman. The city and environs were at this time in a deplorable condition on acc(nint of the inisettled order of things. In a commimicalion of date December, 1783, and signed by Mr. James McGill and Mr. Longneuil in behalf of the magistrates of Montreal, they i)ray the Governor for military assistance lo be joined to the civilians, in order to allay the terror of the frequent robberies in the town, suburbs and adjoining neighborhood, found to be committed by disbanded German soldiers. German regiments or Hessians were at one time quartered both in Montreal and Quebec. The merchants of Montreal must have received permission by this time to have a Custom House of their own, as the first case of seizure of the Customs is recorded on the 22nd May, 1783, when John Beck, " surveyor of His Majesty's Customs for the Port of Montreal," obtained "a monition admonishing all persons to appear and show cause, if any they can, why four cases of gin seized at Montreal on the 28th April last should not be condemned as forfeited." No person appearing, the Court granted the monition. What would Mrs. Maysant think if she woke out of her grave and saw at the present day the means of conveying goods from Montreal to Kingston ? She sent a memorial to the Government at this time for leave " to take a canoe load of mer- chandise to Cataraqui (now Kingston), for purposes of trade — the goods in tiie two canoes taken up by her husband not having been taken to Detroit, owing to the ves- sels being employed in carrying the King's goods, so that by the loss of the sales she and her family will be exposed to great hardships during the approaching winter, if the permission be not granted." Fancy her surprise when she would look upon the magnificent line of steamers and the propellers besides, as well as the two Canadian lines of railways of which our country is i)roud. Think of the time taken and the danger and difficulties of the Rapids and Lake of a Thousand Isles, of all the fatigue and labor of slowly working up that canoe load of goods from Montreal to King- ston, and then we read of a circumstance connected with just such like journeys as this in these words, in a case " against Theo. Pellion, for having left the plaintiff's service as a battoe man, contrary to his written agreement." In Court " he acknow- ledged his agreement to conduct a canoe to Detroit, as steersman, but that he left the said canoe on the way, finding it impossible to make the voyage for want of pro- per assistance." A witness in the case deposed thus in Court : " They set out from Lachine, with said canoe ; that when they had reached Pointe au Diable, the defendant refused to proceed any further, saying it was impossible to effect that voy- age without assistance." In spite of the " Devil's Point " the poor man was condem- ned to fourteen days' common gaol. These King's ships taking " the King's goods " ■% ? HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 31 •nd other merchandise as well were not sufTicient for the purposes of commerce, and therefore we find a petition from the merchants of Montreal, praying the Govern- ment " that private vessels may be allowed to transport goods on the Lakes," — « the reduction (1784, and after peace had been proclaimed between Great Britain gnd the United States) of the naval armaments leading them to apprehend that other- wise their goods would not reach the markets in the upper country." Tlie Governor in a week after writes to them that a third vessel would be employed and remain on the Lakes. His secretary also writes officially, and tells the merchants that they "delay in paying the freight of goods carried by the King's vessels over the lakes." Thev are *' urged to discharge punctually their debts on this account." After the year 1784 the punishment of whipping never exceeds thirty-nine iashcs, and they are all delivered at once. I presume the Justices had it in their mind what St. Paul wrote about the nu mber he had received : " Three times received I of the Jews forty stripes save one." The justices in 1795 seem all to have old country names — viz., John McKind- lay, Robt. Cruickshank, Charles Blake, John Lilly, Thomas McCord, and Alexander Henry. Wm. Lindsay appears at General Sessions in January, 1799. Before finishing this sketch of old Montreal in the i8th century, I will insert the trial and execution of the only person who underwent death for " high treason " in the lirst fifty years of the British rule of Canada. Before the next fifty passed, no less than twelve individuals suffered in Montreal at the gaol for tjiis crime, and we all know that during the third half century one individual, Louis Rielle, thus also suffered. Tiic following trial is remarkable, not only for the atrocity of the sentence, its ap- plication and the occasion, but that it entirely was uncalled for in the circumstances cf the case. Different individuals had for years, before, during and after the war of Independence, endeavored to detach the loyalty of the Canadians from the jUitish Crown, but all had signally failed. In 1797, the first execution for "high treason " took place, and although it was arricd out in Quebec city, most of the circumstances connected with it were done y the prisoner in Montreal, St. Johns and places on the borders of Canada and the nitcd States. The prisoner who was executed was named David McLane. He ■as an American citizen, and employed as an emissary of Mr. Audel, who at this time ivas the representative of the New French Republic at Washingto-n. The scheme ivas a gigantic one, and was the extinction of the British power on this Continent and he entire subjugation of the French inhabitants to the powers at Washington. "rely he might have known that all former attempts had signally failed; even the jrcnowncd Franklin had to leave Montreal with the word failed written on his brow. McLane visited Canada in 1796, and endeavored to gain the symi)athy of the Cana- '•"tn people, but he did not succeed. Next year, 1797, he returned. Beginning at t- Johns, he, with a man named Frechette, came to Montreal, and continued and gjyicd hard to get the inhabitants to abjure the British Crown. At List he arrived in ^icbec, and unfolded his grand scheme (as he thought it) to a Mr. John Black, 32 HISTORY OV MONTRF.AL. member of tl\c AsscniMy. At once he was denounced to the Government, and was arrested for '"high treason." I need not enter on the chimerical plan which he had formed, but after a patient trial he was condcmried by Chief Justice Osgood in the fallowing sentence: ''That you, David McLane, be taken to the place from whence you came, and from thence you are to be drawn to the place of execution — where you must be hanged by the neck, but not till you arc dead — for you must bo cut down alive and your bowels taken out and burnt before your face ; then your head must be severed from your body, which must be divided into four parts, and your head and your quarters be at the King's disjiosal, and may the Lord have mercy on your soul." This terrible and horrible sentence was not quite fully carried out. It was intended to terrify the Canadians and American sympathizers. IJut the execution was ghastly indeed. Dc Gaspe's work on "Canadians of Old " gives a very gra[)h.ic description of it. Let me condense it here. He says : "Artillery and a body of troops paraded the streets, and accompanied the prisoner to the place of execution. There McLane was seated on a sledge with runners which grated on the earth rul stones. He was back to the horse, and an axe and block stood on the front of the sledge. He was of high stature and remarkably handsome. Dr. Duvert pulled out his watch as soon as Ward, the executioner, had withdrawn the ladder, on which rested McLane, lying on his back, with the rope around his neck, hanging from the gallows ■ the body then struck the northern side of the gallows' post and remained stationary after a few jerks. * He is stone dead,' said Dr. Duvert, after Ward had cut him down at the end of twenty-eight minutes ; ' he will be insensible to what shall follow.' Ward then opened his body, took out his heart and bowels, which he burned in a * rechaud.' He then cut off his head, and held up this bloody trophy to the gaze of the crowd." Let me finish all in the words of Christie, the Historian, on the subject, where he says : "This from the Conquest to that time is the only instance in Canada of a trial for ' high treason,' and it, be it also observed, not of a British subject. It is creditable to the Canadian character that, with the single exception mentioned, none were connected with McLane, the very absurdity of whose scheme denoted him a mere maniac, and who might with more propriety iiave been treated as an unhappy lunatic than as a criminal." The following description of Montreal is taken from a rare and old book written by Isaac Weld, and titled, " Travels through the States of North America and the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada during the years 1795 and 1797 " :— " MoNTREAi., July, 1797. '' The town of Montreal was laid out pursuant to ihe orders of one of the kings of France ; which were, that a town should be built as high up the St. Lawrence as it was possible for vessels to go by sea. In fixing upon the spot where it stands, his commands were complied with in the strictest sense. The town at present contains about twelve hundred houses, whereof five hundred only are within the walls ; the rest are in the suburbs which commence from the north, east and west gates \ the houses in the suburbs are mostly built of wood, but the others are all of stone ; none HISTORY OI' MONTREAL. 33 of ihem arc elegant, l)ut there are many very comfortable habitations. In the lower pan uf the town towards the river, where most of the shops stand, they have a very gloomy ap|)earar\ce, and look like so many prisons, being all furnished at the outside with sheet iron shutters to the doors and windows, which are regularly closed towards evening, in order to guard against^fuc. The town has suffered by fire very mate- rially al different times, and the inhabitants have such a dread of it that all who can afford it cover the roofs of their houses with tin plates instead of shingles. Bylaw thev are obliged to have one r)r more ladders, in proportion to the size of the house, always ready on tlie roofs. •' The streets are all very narrow ; three of them run parallel to tlic river, and these arc intersected by others at riglit angles but not at regular distances. On the side of the town farthest from the river, and nearly between the northern and southern extremities, there is a small square called Tyi Place d'Armes, which seems originally to have been left open to the walls on one side, and to have been intended for the military to exercise in ; the troops, however, never make use of it now, but parade on a long walk behind the walls, nearer to the barracks. On the opposite side of the town, towards the water, is another small square where the market is held, 'i'hcrc arc six churches in Montreal : one for English Episcopalians, one for Presbyterians, and four for Roman Catholics. The Cathedral church belonging to the latter, which occupies one side of La Place d'.Vrmes, is a very spacious building, [and contains five altars, all very richly decorated. There are in Montreal four convents, one of which is of the (>rder of .St. Francis ; the number of the friars, however, is reduced iunv to two or three, and as by tiie laws of the Province men can no longer enter into any religious order, it will o' course in a few years dwindle entirely away. In the female order there is no restriction, and they are still well filled. The Hotel-Dieu, I'oinided as early as 1644 for the relief of the sick poor, and which is the oldest of the convents, contains thirty ' religieuses,' nuns ; La Congregation de Notre-Oame, instituted for the instruction of young girls, contains fifty-seven soeurs, another sort of nuns ; L'H(5pital General, for the accommodation of the infirm poor, contains eighteen suiurs. The barracks are agreeably situated near the river, at the lower end of the town ; they arc surrounded by a lofty wall, and calculated to contain about three hundred men. •' The walls round the town are mouldering away very fast, and in some places are totally in ruins. The gates, however, remain quite perfect. The walls were built principally as a defence against the Indians, by whom the country was thickly inhab- ited when Montreal was founded, and they were found necessary to repel the open attacks of these people as late as the year 1736. When the large fairs used to be held 111 Montreal, to which the Indians from all parts resorted with their furs, they were also found extremely useful, as the inhabitants were thereby enabled to shut out the Indians at night, who, had they been suffered to remain in the town, addicted as they are to drinking, might have been tempted to commit great outrages, and would have kept the inhabitants in a continual state of alarm. The people of :i 34 HISTORY OF MONIREAL. Montreal are remarkably hospitable and attentive to slr,inge''s. They are sociable also amongst themselves, and tbiid in the extreme of convivial amusement.;. In winter they keep np such a constant and friendly intercourse with each other that it seems then as if the town were inhabited but by one large family. During sum-. mer they live somewhat more retired, but throughout that seasi)n, a elul), formed of all the principal inhabitants, both male and female, meet e\ety week or fortnight for the purpose of dining at some agreeable spot in the neighborhood of the town. '* The Island of Montreal is agreeably diversified with hill and dale, and toward.s its centre, in the neighborhood of .\[ontreal, there are two or three consideral)le mountains. The largest of these stands at tlu' distance of about one mile from the town which is named from it. The base of this mountain is surrounded with neat country houses and gardens, and |)artial improvements have lieen made about one- third of the way up ; the remainder is entirely covered with lofty trees. On that side towards the river is a large old monastery with extensive inclosures walled in, round which the ground has been cleared for some distance. 'Hiis open part is covered with a rich verdure, and the woods encircling it, instead of being overrun with brushwood, are quite clear at bottom, so tnat you may here roam about at pleasure for miles together, shaded by the lofty trees from the rays of the sun. The view from hence is grand beyond description. .A. prodigious expanse of country is laid open to the eye with the noble River St. J^awrence wending through it, which may be traced from the remotest part of the horizon. The river comes from the right and flows smoothly on, after passing down the tremendous rapids above the town, where it is hurried over iiigh rocks with a noise tliat is heard even up the mountain. On the left below you appears the town of Montreal with its churches, monasteries, glittering s[)ires, and the shipping under its old wall. Several little islands in the river near the town, partly improved, jjartly overgrown with wood, add greatly to the beauty of the scene. Laprairie with its large church on the distant side of the river is seen to the greatest advantage, and beyond it is a range of lofty mountains which terminates the prosi)ect. Such an endless variety, and such a grandeur is there in the view from this part of die mountain, that even those who are most habituated to the view always find it a fresh subject of admiration whenever they contemplate it : and on this part of the mountain it is that the club which I mentioned generally assembles. Two stewards are appointed for the day, who always choose some new ^)oi where is a spring or rill of water and an agreeable shade ; each family brings cold provisions, wine, etc., the whole is put together, and the company, often amounting to one hundred persons, sits down to dinner." THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. From authentic sources we find that from the commencement of the century to 1816 " sixty-four houses built of stone were erected within the old gates." On the loth January, 1800, the following gentlemen as jurors appeared at the opening of the Court of Sessions of the Peace. These names, many of them at least HISTORV OK MONTREAI,. .53 arc familiar to oin earsat llic close of the cvnlurv :— John (Iray, Eiicnia- St. Dizier, Hart I.ogan. Pasclial Latlcur, William Wingfield, J. Htc. Kouriiier, \Vm. llallowfll, ^rs. Papincaii, IVter Robertson, Chas. I.anvee, Natlil. liurton, Domiiiiqiic Rousseau, Duncan Mc(iillivray, J. Mlc. I )tv.fry, jas. Ikulgk-y, J. Blc. Lcfel)vie, John Stephen- son, Michel Dumas, John Molson, J. Philip I/jprohon, Mycr Michaels, Partholomew liillon, Mungo Kay and Narcisse Roy. \\e will now give the names of the prmcipal riiizeii:, of Montreal in iSoi : — Alex. Henry, H. (lihb, N. (iiaham, John Dillon, Dr. .\rnoldi, J. JSrown (st.ilioncr;, Hon. J. Richardson, Simon Mcl'avish, 'J'. Poilier, J. \V. Clarke, Mr. IJeasley, Mr. Maiiland, Mr. I'.adgley, Jas. \' A. McC'.ill, D. Davids, H. Symes (auctioneer), Judge Davidson, l'"orsyth. Richardson \- Co., ('>. Crauche, R. Hoyle, Mr. Stevenson ^tobac- conist), John Piatt, iiurton vV McCulloch, J. JJrown (auctioneer), J. Pisher, P. JJar- salon, Anldjo, Mailland iV Co., Pogan .S: Watt, Woolrich ^: Cupper. R McClements, Jas. Dnnlop, John Pillev, |. P. Peprolion, Mr. Suiiisfield (tobacconist). John Shuler (crockery), Col. -Je Pongueuil, Henderson i\: Winghcld. K. St. Dizier, John McCill. Sarnutl (rerrard. (lerraid iV Ogilvie, Miss i laves, .\ Scott. John A. Ciray. R. Dobie. The inhibilants of .Moiitreal, having hitherto felt very much inconvenienie from the scanty sujiply of water, determined to remedy the evil. They had been accus- tomed to get their water (not over clean) from the St. Lawrence, or from the town punijis which were placed in I'lacc d'Arnies. the market place (now Custom Huuse Square), the Jesints' (iarden which lay near the Court House, and a U:w other localities. " Phe proprietors of the Moiureal \V^lter Works." therefore, procured a Charter, and were authorized to erect buildings and lay down pipes within the city. A clause in tlrj Coni|Kiny's .\ct enjoined that no shaieholdcr could hold more than six- teen .■^iiare'i of the fir.Tl amount raised and eight in the second. It gave the Company exclusive right for 50 years of supplying the City wiih water. 'I'liis wa.s the com- ivencemeiU of the magnificent reservoir jnd water systi-m of Montreal of lo-day, expensive though it be to every householder. In December, 1S05, the news arrived in Montreal of tlie death of Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar. \ ball was being held n\ the Exchange Coffee House at the corner of St. ]'aul and St. Peter streets. During sup[)cr the news arrived, which powerfully affecteel a number of the company. Many ladies present wiire seen to shed tears. Under the excitement of the moment the chairman proposed that a monument should be erect, ed to his memory and a subscriptiori ojjened to defray the cost of the same. Ladies and gentlemen then and there in their beautitul ball dresses, French and English alike, pressed forward to put down their names, so that in a few minutes a sum sufticient tor the purpose was subscribed, and a committee appointed to carry oui the undertak- ing. This is the true story of Nelson's monument in Jacques Carlier Square. Heriotinhistravels thus speaks of Montreal at this period : — ''The streets are airy and regularly disposed — one of them (St. Paul) extending nearly parallel to the river 36 HISTORY OF MONTREAI.. through llie einirelengtli of the place ; they are of sufficient width, Ijeing intersected ;it riglit angles by several smaller streets which descend from west to east. The upper street is Noire Dame, and is divided into two by the Roman Catholic church. " The habitations of the i)rin(ipal merchants are neat and commodious, and their storehouses are spacious and secureil against risk from fire, being covered with sheet- iron or tin. '• J'he markets of Montreal arc more abundantly supplied than those of Quebec, arid articles are sold at a more reasonable price — especially \n winter, when the in- habitants of the United .States who reside uptjn the borders of Canada bring for sale a part of the proiluce of their farms. Quantities offish in a fro/en stale are like- wise conveyed thither in sleighs from Boston." THE FIRST .STEAMHOATS OF THE ST. LAWRENCE. i'roni ihc days when Jacques Carlier first sailed on the waters of the Si. Law- rence river to llie beginning of this nineteenth century — thai is for over 250 years — all travel between ()uel)ec and Montreal had either been by a tedious journey along the north or south banks of the river, and occupying many weary and tlreary days ; or by the almost e(iually weary and dreary mode of batteaux, — sailing i)artly and pulled partly, hul niosily pulled along ihe banks. This waterw;iy was thai by which many e\pedilion> during the regime of '" La llellc I'lancc " went either to victory or sometimes annihilation from the hands of thi' savage Indians, their powerful enemies, who then swarmed throughout the country. It also was ihe route by which, aflci " the Cession," Hrilish troops and expe- ditiiuis were sent from the " .Ancient C'apital " to various i)oints and places throughout the continent, and ])revious to railways. It was by this route, thebcjsom of the Si. Liwrenre, thai Ihe chivalrous Jaciiues Caitier came when he discoveied Hodielaga — now Montreal. It was by this route thai llu- grial explorer Champlain came when he gave its name to I.achiiu.' (the way to China ), and passed on and pushed westward even to the ( ieorgian Hay of Lake Huron. On its bosom sailed the expedilion under Cieneral Murray, which resulted in the capilul.ilion of Montre.il in 1760, i{y the olhei route. /. r.Aty land, the army ol .Moiitgonurv pa'-sed on to besiege f^>uebec, and lo meet there with defeat, and ihe Oeiieral with his deaih. Hardships iniuimeiable presented lliunsclves in ihc laud journey, whilst dan- gers by day and by night conliiiually stared Ihe hardy voyageiirs in the face when the> mad" Iheir journeys from (^)uebec lo Montreal. This was always the moie diflicult of the two journeys — the heav> and swili llowiiig currents of the Si. I iwreiit e made progres-; much slower and laborious, and with all ihe delours ihev had to make ten deredthe up voyagt' mu< h more fatiguing and dangerous than thai between Montreal and Quebec. Herr in the down voyage the hardy xovageur had the liel)) of the swift-llowing current to \.'' as the vessel was called, and amidst the hu/,/.is and the clv'ers of almost the whole inh.Ujitants, who had crowded every vantage ground for tin,' occasion, the little criift >hoi into the ciirient of Si. Mary, and after a vovage of 66 innrs. ,?o of which she was at anchor, safely arrived at ()uel)ec. Here the whoie ciix.asin .Mon- treal, (lowded to the beach to behold this wondrous and nautual pheinjinenon. To ihem, as the pretty liMle " Accommodation " gracefully came sailing m to their harbor, ap]ic ired the beautii'ul line of the poet, '• She walks the waters like a thing of life," in all ils iiutii and perfection. Nothing perhajts will give a better idea of the excilenieiit i.f the cit) and the description of the vesst-l than the following extract from the Quebec Mercury which thus chronicles the arrival of tie •• .Vccoininodatiou " in ihaicit\. Its.iys: " ( )n Saturd.iy morning at eight (/clock, aiiived here from .Monire.il. being hei tirsi trip, tiie steamboat ' .\c( «)mmodatioii ' with ten passengers. This is the first vessel ol the kind that ever appeared in thi^ harbor. She is coiuiiuially crowded with visitants. She left .Moiuieal fui Wednesday at two o'clot:k. s(j that her passage was 66 hours, ,^0 of which she was at anchor. She arrived at I'hree Rivers in 24 liour>. She has, at pieseni, berths lor 20 passengers, which, ne\t \ear, will be coiisi(lerab\- augmented. No wi.M) OK rii'i' CAN sTol- FIKR \ She ha^ 75 (eel keel and 83 feel on deck. The puce for a p>issage u]) is .$9 and $S down, the vessel supplying provisions. The gnat ad<'aniage allrnding a vessel so consmutcd is. th.il .1 passage may be calculated on to a degree of (ertainty in point of time, which cannoi be the case with any vessel pi.ipclUd by sail only. The steamboat receives her iminilse I'roin iii open, duubte- spoked, perpcndit.ular wheid. on each side, without any circiil.ir baud or rim. ! o the end of e.ich doutile spoke is fixed a scpiart' board, which enters the water, and i»y the rotary motion of tlie wheels acts like a paddle. I'he wheels are kept in moiiu'i by steam ope rating within the ves.sei. A mast is to be .ixcd in her, for the purpose of using a sail when ilu wind is favorable, which will occasionally accelerate her headway." 38 HISTORV OF MONTREAL. This first cxi)crimeiU in llie sicani navigation of the St. Ivawrence by Mr. Mol- son having been iound pcrfcclly tcasible, and from the very l)eginning both success till and jirofitable as regards passengers and f'reight, he determined to extend liis work, making it a national undertaking, and accordingly there appeared in the Mon- treal Gazette of date Xov. a^ih, iioiis, li was no less than 130 feet keel ;ind 24 t'eet beam. ( )n the 4th day of M,i\-, iiSr3, she mad'.r her fnsl trip, and afterwards, and during tluit reason especially, did splendid service in conveying troops and munitiois of war from (Juebec to Montreal ;ind otiur jioiiils of vantage ground for (licai liritaiu .iiid (lanad.i daring the w.ir between those countries and the I'nited .Suites. Nine months before her first tri]). on a bright Thursday afternoon, the sun shining clearly down on Mariopoli?, and St. Helen's Isle, 300 of the best families ofMon treal assemlilcd together to witnes-, the laun( hmg of this woiideifiil vessel. It IkhI been built :it Logan's ship \.ird, St. ALiry's Current. Such an unct)mnnMi o( (,iir- rence brought together one of the most re|)rcsentalive assemblies tluit ever in those dayM met. His Excellency the (lovernor (leiural. Ili> Lidv and suite were all present, and occupied seals on the |)latform ; close to the vessel, merchants and minis- ters, priests and laymen, the wealth and beauty of Montreal were all there, for the beauty of our graiubnothers and great grandmotheis at: the commencement of this ceiitiii\ c(nild (H)mpan.- favorably with that of tlu'ir grandchildren at its '.lose. And iKHV arrives the sublime moment, th.ii eveiillul time, when Her I'.xcell'.ncy breaks the tradilion.il bottle of wine across the l)ow of the vessel, and baptizes her by the name of "Swift-Si rk "; at the same moment her stays are cut .iway. and amidst the thunders of the salute of 19 guns, amidst the hu/./as and cheers .ind the waving of hat-i ,1 (1 liandkeK hiel'-- of the privileged spectators and of the ihou'^ands of citizens who ((tngregated everv inch of ground, where one could see. on St. Lleleu's Isl.oul, Isle Ronde, Longiieiiil shore ami the (iaie l-'arm seabeach. the " Swift-Siire " slid gr.K efully tVom her moorings on. into the waters of ilu' mighty St. Lawrence, her future home. And well she bon. her name, Swiri and Sukk. during these perilous limes for Canada. She bore her milii.iry burdens wheiever and whenever tiie occasion required, and by these trips greatly condm ed to the utter lailuii of .\merican usurp- ation of Can.idian soil in 1812 and !8i3. HISTORY OF MONTRKAL. 39 Canada, as a Colony of (ireat Britain, had made rapid progress since its cession to the Union Jack in A.D. 1759. It must be said trnthfully that in the latter years of the ;-<%''''"'■ >^* " J-"'^ Belle France," the colonists were treated in such a manner that after a trial of King Ceorge's Ciovernment — for nearly seventeen years — they unanimously declared that the flag of England was preferable to the " Fleur de l.ys " of France — and why ? After ihe (Session, the British Commander, (leneral Murray, decreed that all things should he done " decently and in order.'' The habitants luiist be paid lionestly in ■' hard cash " for whate\er they l)rougiit either to the markets or to the ijritish Cantonments for sale. Rights were resijected, the Religion, Language, and T.aws of the I'rovince were secured, and every thing was done to content the peoi)le. Lvery l^'renchman and i-'rench Canadian who had remained in the countr) felt securer now, and more at ease, than in those lasi days of l'"rancf's hold upon her territories in i\orth -America. Had not King ( ieoige himself called them '' His Children ? '' and thev knew that a better era had begun to c'iawn on Canada. No wonder then that when trouble c.ime to Fngland— in the l\e\fre, I. ieut. -Colonel : Gabriel Franchere, 1st Major ; Pierre Hervieux, 2nd Major. The Captains were Louis Cliarland, P. Huguet Latour pere, P. Huguet Laiour fils, Jos. Robreau Dn])lessis, Denis Benjamin Viger, Pierie I.ukin, Nicolas Meneclier, Michel l-'ouriiier, Charles Prevost and Pierre Charland. Ihe Lhiitenanis were Felix Souligny, Joseph Roy, Hugues Heney. Chs. Racicol, Nicolas Massue, Joseph Desruitel, Doin. Penj. Rollin. Alexis Bourret, iMancis Roe. (iabriel Roi, Louis Dulongpre fils, T. Cassimir Trudeau, F'.tieiuie Roi, A'ex. Laframboise. Jean Marie Cadieu. Augu^tin Perrault and Samuel (iale. The Ensigns were Toussaint Peltier pere, Joseph Flerse, Michel Bibeau, Jean Bte. Dezery. Chs. Pasteur. Michel Tru- deau and Paul L. Huissier. 2nd battalion of the 3rd division of ^Tontreal : Louis Guav, Lieut. -Colonel ; J. P. Lc|U()lion, ist Major ; Ftienne Guy, 2nd Major. The Captains were Fmmanuel Vidricaire, J, M.Jarnotdit Lachapel, both of Longue Pointe ; Amahle Moran and Jean Bte. Maillard, both of Pointe aux Trembles ; Jean P.te. Chauvandiere, of Riviere des Prairies ; Pierre Demers, Auguslin Richer and Gabriel Crevier, of St. Laurent. Samuel Davill, Captain and Major ; Chas. Levassenr, Adjutant. 44 HISTORY OK MONTREAL. We now come to the Corps of Canadian Volfii^e iirs, of whom Brevet Lt. -Col- onel Charles DeSalaberry was the " Commandant and Superintendent." IVie Crf/- /a///A were Joseph K. Perrault, J. B. Jucliereau Diichesnay, M. L. Juchcreau Duches- nay, BL-njamin Kcuyer, J. B. Herlel l)e Rouville, Jacques Viger and Jacques Clement Herse. 7'/ic itt Lieutenants were Jaccpies Adhemar, Narcissi.- Diichesnay, VA. Lewis Prendergast, John McKay, Henry Tiioinas, Thomas Place. Charles D'Estimau- ville and Daniel De Herlel. T/ie zntt Lieutenants were William Clarke, .Simon Clarke, I.oiiis Cramer, I,ouis (iuy and Henry Bouthillicr. John Kbden, Adjutant; John Porters, Quarter-master ; Thos. Place, Paymaster; P. De Sales l,a I'erriere, Surgeon ; Toussaint C. Truteau, Assistant Surgeon. In the Troop of Cavalry for Montreal, George Plait was Captain ; Robert Gilles- pie, Lieutenant : and John Molson, Cornel. \n the Companv of Guides. Jos. Ignace Heberl was Ca|)tain and Constant Cartier, Lieutenant. So by degrees Montreal became the focus or centre of American strategy. It was to be in its capture and pillage an atonement for Hull's dellMt at Detroit ; but man proi)oses and God disposes, (ieneral Hampton, with his .American arm), on the 21st of Gctobcr, 1813, moved his forces direct and on to the Canadian frontier. .About four ]). m. that afiernopn their advanced guard drove m the Canadian advanced vide'ttes. These videttes were about ten miles t'rom Chateauguay church, (jenernl de Watte- ville being notitied of this, instantly ordered up iwo companies of the 5th Incorporated Mihlia, under the cuumiand nf Capts. Levesipie and Debartzcli, and 200 men of the Beauharnois Militia. Advancing about two leagues or six nules, liiey at night halted al the confines of a thick wootl. When morning came ihey were joined by Colonel DeSalaberry with his Voltigeurs and Captain I'erguson's Light Company of the Canadian Kencibles. DeSalaberry thus reinforced pushed on for three miles, and on the left i)ank of the river came up wiili the isl patrol of the eiu.my. l">xpecting that iieie or in this vicinity there would be the meeting of ihe invaders and Cana- dians, he h.id some weeks before reconnt)itered the locality, and peifeclly knew from his own observation the whole course of the River Chaleauguay in this district, and found that no place ])resented a better position. The thick forest was cut by ravines, and a great swamp was on the right. On four of these ravines he threw up stro ig breastworks. The first three lines he placed distant about 200 yards ol eacii other. The fourth was juslone mile in tiie rear, but this was iin|)orlant, for it commanded a ford by which the enemy tVom the right bank might have got to his rear. This was the most important place. Almost all the day they were employed in strengthening their breastworks, Finally the right bank of the river was strictly guarded by sixty men of the Beauharnois .Nfiliiia. DeSalaberry also sent a well- armed party of thirty men (axe men) to destroy every bridge within five miles of his front. His great strategy was in throwing (uit a formidable abattis of trees, with their branches lying outward across the full line of advance, and about a mile distant, thus rendering the American artillery of ten guns perfectly useless, as they could not be brought into action. 'I'o DeSalaberry alone must be credited the choice of the ground and the dispositions made. HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 45 The General, on the 22nd, visited all the lines, and entirely approved of every- thing. All the 23rd and 24th were employed in strengthennig the positions, piling up trees, forming the abattis still larger, and doing everything that could be done to render the i)osition safe ; and now the morning of the 25th arrives, and about ten a.m., the sun shining brightly down through the open vistas in the forest, and reveal- ing a sturdy band of Canadians, every man at the attention, de,termined to sell his life for hearth and home, the American skirmishers opened fire on the abattis. After a sharp exchange of muskets, tiiose employed by DeSalaberry as laborers, augment- ing the strength of tlie abattis, fell back, covered by the i)icket of the Canadian Volligeurs. As soon as DeSalaberry heard the firing he rode up from the front line of defence, and brought with him three companies of the Canadian Fencibles, who deployed immediately on the right rear of the abattis. He aho extended Captain Duchesnay's company on the left, while the company of Captain Juchereau Duches nay occupied a position on the left rear among the trees. Those who know the course of the River Chaleauguay know th:it here, at this point, the river makes a considerable curve or bend. Nothing could be better tlinn this point for the defenders. DeSalaberry knew this, and saw at once by his position that their fire flanked the ford in support of the fire in front. While these arrangements were being made, and the Canadians were put into i)osition by the intrepid Commander, the enemy had debouched from the woods into a large open space in front of the abattis. They amounted to between 3,000 and 3,500 men with three scjuadrons of cavalry and four guns. Then they advanced in columns close to the abattis, but by doing so exposing their head to the fire in front, and their flank to the Indians and tirailleurs in the bush and swamp. Now came the crisis. An American officer rode out of the ranks forward to the rear of the abattis, and began to harangue the troops in front. DeSalaberry seized a musket from the nearest soldier, aimed fire, and the .American would-be Demosthenes threw up his aims and fell from his horse a dead man. At the same moment, the (Canadian bugles sounded the order to fire, and a blaze of musketry belched forth from the abattis and the swamps, full on the head of the American line. It halted, paused for a moment, made a turn then to the left, formed line and began to pour in a vigorous fiisilade. but of no avail, as their fire was thrown into the wood where it did little or no execvition. Jiut their vigorous fire on the right com])elled all the Canadian pickets to re' ire within the abattis. Mistaking this movement on the part of the pickets to flight, the Americans raised a great shout, l.)Ut it was returned with interest by the w.cu within the abattis. While both side-^ were thus huzzaing, DeSalaberry ordered all his bugles to sound and pretend tliat his forces were far more numerous than they really were. This ruse acted completely. After a time their fire slackened, but they never placed their foot upon or within the Canadian abattis. Thus went it on. here and at other points, attack and defence, and when from a high stump the Canadian Commander beheld his friend Daly with his company of the 5th Incorporated boldly plunge into the river, and shoulder to shoulder stem both the 46 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. water and the enemy, whom they thrust back on reaching the other side, he gave words of encouragement to him and his men. Uut overpowered by numbers, and the well-sustained fire of the enemy, he was over-matched, and slowly fell back. He had been wounded in that glorious advance of the 5th when crossing the river, ami while retiring and faint from loss of blood, encouraging his men, he received a second wound and fell. Capt. Jiruyere also was wounded and fell. Slowly, and like a lion at bay, they receded step by step under command of Lieutenant Schiller, and so close to the enemy ihat they heard (hard thing to bear) the shouts and jeers of the American soldiers. Litile did they think that they were being drawn into an ambuscade. Suddenly they became exposed to a crushing fire in flank, which arrested their march and threw them into total and utter confusion. \'ain was the attempt to rally, they broke and scrambled back into the bush ; and thus the Canadian Militia slept that night on the field of Chateauguay. Gen. Hampton with- drew his forces. Many prisoners fell into the hands of the Canadians. They found on the way of advance next day, muskets, knapsacks, drums, and all kinds of provisions. No less than forty dead bodies were interred by them, and many graves were seen — notably two of American officers of distinction who had fallen in the tight. All did their duty well and nobly that day, but let especial mention be made of Cap- tains Ferguson, de P)artzch and Levesque, Capt. I-'Kcuyerand the two Duchesnays» (Captains Daly, Bruyere and Lamothe, who handled his Indian warriors well, 1-ieuls. Pinguet, Guy. Johnson, Powell, Hebben and Schiller — all displayed courage and vigor. Capls. I.cjngtin and Huneau were examples to their men. Capi. l.ongtin did, as the Ironsides of Kngland under Cromwell were accustomed to do. li is re- lated of him diat before the battle he knelt down at the head of his company and offered a short but earnest prayer. " And now, mes enfans," he said, rising, " having done our duty to God, we will do the same by our king." Last, but not the least, stand out the names of the " simple soldats," Vincent^ Pel/eticr, Vcrvais, Dubois wnd Caron, all of the Voltigeurs, who, in the face of diffi- culties, danger and death, swam the River Chateauguay and cut off ihe retreat of the prisoners, who were taken, amounting to near a score. All honor be 10 them too. Let their names for ever be remembered in the hearts of all Canadians, whether they be French or Knglish speaking I doubt not but the same " esprit de corps,"' the same love of country, fills the hearts of nine-tenths of our people to-day ; and if neces sity came (which may God avert), the same courage and pluck as seen in the volunteers of 1812-13 would be displayed ii» those of 1892 and following years. Here arc some interesting items which are picked out fr()m an old Almanac of A.D. 181 3, printed at (Quebec. They will shew the great changes which have taken place in Montreal since I lie days of ihe last war between Canada and the United Slates. Many old and well-known names are also recorded worth remembering, as many of our streets, squares and avenues arc still called after then). The [)rii\ter was J. Neilson, of Quebec, and the name of the volume is " The Quebec Almanac and British American Royal Kalendar," and the year, 1813, in the 53rd year of the reign HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 47 of His Majesty George J II. The (iovernor was H. K. Sir (jco. Prevost; Hon. K. N. Jiiirton, Lieut.- (lovernor of Lower Canada; H. W. Ryland, Secretary to tin; Govcrnor-Cieneral ; Alex. ForlKs. Ksq., Lieut. -(iuvernor of (laspe. Among llie members of the Legislaiivc Council we find F!on. Jon. Sewell, Speaker, and Rt. Rev. Jacob, Lord Hisliop of Quebec. In the House of Assenil)ly, elected March, 1810, 7th Provincial Pailiament, the Honorable J. A. Paiiet was Speaker, and for Montreal the members were Stephen Sew oil and Joseph Papineau ; Wm. Lindsay was clerk, and 1'. K. Desbarats, clerk's assistant. I'iie King's Honorable K.xeculive Council was composed of the Honorable Chief Justice Monk, Rt. Rev. Jacob, Lord Bishoj) of Quebec, and the Hon. 'P. I)unn,Jn. Richardson, P. R. St. Ours, Js. Irvine, F. Baby, Js. M. (iill, A. L, Duchesnay, Js. Kerr. P. .A. Debonne. Ross Cuthbert, M. John, Young, H. Percival, J. Williams, John Mure, Jn. Craigie, (). Perrault. PROVINCIAr. OKFICIAI.S. We find 'I ho, .\myot, secretary of the Province ; Jn. Taylor, deputy, etc. ; Jn. Caldwell, receiver general; Ed. Burke, auditor : Thos. Douglas, acting secretary; I. 1>. Dujjre, inspector of police, Montieal ; L. R. C. De J.ery, grand voyer : L. Char- land, inspector of highways ; J. Jiouthillierand W. J. Holt, inspectors of i)0t and pearl ashes ; Geo. Hobbs, inspector of tlour ; J. C. Turner and I'". Tison, insjjcctors of beef and I'ork ; P. Cliarland, clerk of the markets. ('ommissioners " reposer les Eg/ises" for Montreal — James McGill, Pierre I'ortier, Louis Chaboillez, three well-known names, the first and the last giving names to McGill College and Street and Chaboillez Square. ■'Commissioners for the administration of the estates heretofore belonging to the late Order of Jesuits " — Honorable Pnmcis Baby, 'I'homas Dunn, Jenkin Williams, Berlhelot Dartigny, H. W. Ryland, jr. The trustees next mentioned are all of them well-known names. They were " 'i'rustees for improving, ordering and keeping in repair the road from the city of Monlreal to Lachine through the wood" — HoiMrable James McGill, Hon, John Richardson, Joseph Papineau, Isaac W. Clark, Louis Guy, and Jean Marie Mondelet. About this time the old walls of Montreal were removed, the commissioners for thai purpose being J, McGill, J. Richardson, J, M, Mondelet and L, Chaboillez, Cour du Banc du Roi, Court of King's Bench, Montreal — Honorable Js. Monk, Chief Justice :Wm. Pollock and J. Reid, clerks ; Judges Isaac Ogden, J, Reid, L. C. Foucher; F. W. F>mantinger, sheriff; J. M. Mondelet, coronerj; Jacob Khun, gaoler. There were only thirty advocates in Montreal at this time, but what important names are found amongst them 1 How many figured afterwards on the Bench or at the 48 HISTORY OF MONTRKAL. liar, or in Parliament, or on the stage of tlieir country's history. The same maybe said of the nineteen notaries, their names being found below this list of advocates — Stephen Seweli.Chas, F. Ilamelin, Dr. Ross, Jos. Bedard, 1). 15. Viger, J. D. 1-acroix, Ben. Beaubien, Ross Cuthbert, Dr. Ogden, F. H. Bender, A. Levesque, J. R. Rol- land, 1'. D. Debarizch, L. M. Viger (he was called Beau Viger), F. A. Quesnel, S. dale, Hy. (ieorgen, 'I". P. Fortune, John Boston, J., Jos. Papineau, J. C. Herse, M. O'Sullivan, Alex. Reid, J. C. Routier. W. Davidson. H. Heney, Chs. Ogden, Alex. Flliut and .Mexis JJownel. THL LIST (»K NUTARIKS is as follows : — Jean Delisle, J. Jorand, J. Papineau, G. Beck, I,. Chaboillcz, J. G. Delisic, P. Lukin, J. M. Mondelct, Thos. Barron, Chs. Prevost. l.ouisGuy, Louis H. Latour, J. M. Cadieux, L. Sarranlt, Jos. Roi, P. Mercier, A. Dumouchelle, Jos. Desau- tcls, Thomas Hedouin and Henry (iriffin. Among the Jasuces of the Peace tlie following are a few of the F'.ngiish names. Some of these are extinct, while others remain in liieir sons and grandsons — P. Murray, Alex. Henry, Js. Hughes, John Lilly, Wni. Lindsay, Wm. McGillivray, Jas. Cald- well, Jas. Cuthbert, Rod. McKenzie, C. Carter, Jas. Connolly, Jas. Sawyer, Duncan Cameron, Calvin ^Liy, (iilberi Jeunc, John \Vhitlock, K. Nash, A. \\'ilson, Ph. Luke, Henry Collins, O. Barker, John Ferguson, Thomas Porteous, J. Oldham, Alex. Mab- but, S. Anderson, Sam. W'illard, Jona;i Abbot, George Cook, Henry Mounsey, Henry Denyke, William Kell, Joel Ives, John Savage, Josei)h ]}aker, Richard Adams, P. Wriglit, Wm. Bullock, Ph. Hubbard, John Whitman, Joseph Power, John Manning, Joseph Odell, Charles Kilburn, Simon Fraser, Henry McKenzie, Jas. Finlay, Henry Cull, Ezra Ball, F-lisha JJarlholomew, Wm. Bryne, John Lane, Richard Nevison, Jeremiah Meacham, George Ritscjn, Robert Jones, John Chester, J. Milner, Wm. Smith, Thomas Coffin, John McCiinnis, Thomas Dawson, Joseph Richardson, John Ogilvie, Angus Shaw, Wm. Auld, Thomas 'I'homas. Geo. Gladman, Wm. H. Cook, Thos. Tapping and Abel Fklwards. DOCTORS AND DENTISTS. We now come to the Doctors, and we find that the whole number in the city was ten, and in the country (district of Montreal) thirty. The city names are : Cieo. Selby, Hy. Loedel, Joiin Rowand, ]''. H. Bender, Daniel Arnoldi, lienj. Green, Grant Pow- ell, D. T. Kennelly, Abner Rice and Rene Kimbert. At the jtresenl day not one of these names appears on our medical list : the families have become extinct, or have left the city. Among the country doctors there are some well-known names, which afterwards figured in Canadian History, such as Henry Munro, Wm. D. Selby, Simon F>aser, Henry Carter, Wolfred Nelson and Samuel Newcombe. The last two were well known in the Rebellion of 1837-8. Then besides the doctors there were the apothecaries. There are only three : A. Lyman, George AVadsworth and Moses Nichols. HtSTORN Ol MONTRF.AI,. 49 Nexl co'.Tic what is styled " SL-igiieiiis ct Aracheiirs de D.mUs," or in Kiiglish, '■ Rlcedorsand I )rn\vers of Tfclh," — Jos. I'.orguc, Clias. Scliiller, Charles Theiiel, (iuil. 1-e l!at, and An. I'erthicr. A pei iiliar title was ^iven to doctwis alxjut this time in connection with this name. In an old account of a trial now in the virchivcs of the Court House, there is a i)hysician called .\\e\. Spence, who is dcsi^Miated accarhen and man-midwife, This seems to htve been, in legal parlance, the designation at the beginning of this century. \\\ the Customs, N. H. Percival was collector ; Hugh McDonald, tidesman ; ^Vnl^ Lindsay, collector at St. Johns : W m. McCrae. ganger at same i)lace ; and Hugh O'Hara, deputy collector. \). Sutherland was p-.yStmasler, and the post packets which sailed to the .Bay of Fimdy were the schooner " iVIatilda," 50 tons, and the sloop '' Mary Ann," 29 tons. \Ve now come to the militia and military then in Canada. In the 4th Co. of voluiurcrs, of the 1st Uattalion .Militia of .Montreal, we find I'. Caldwell, major, commanding; Cauts. P. Dunlop, J. Richardson, John P'orsytli and John Oglivy ; Lieuts. David Ross, Thos. IJlackwood, (xeo. (iiUesine, Harl Logan, .VIck. .Allison, Ceo. tiordon, William Hallowell and Thos. 'I'haiii : Ensign Jas. Leslie and Adjt. riio>. .\herii. ill the Troop of Cav.ilry of Montreal, CJeo. Piatt was captain : Rt. Cillespie, lieut. ; John Molson. cornet. riiE KCCt.E.SI.ASTIC.M, SI vrF.. We now ( ome to the ecclesiastical stale of Canada, which shows a startling advance since those early days. In the whole provinces of Upper and Lower Canada there were only thirteen clergymen of the Church of Lngiand and three of the Church of Scotland. There is not one Methodist, Baptist or Congregational minister given. Rer. Dr. Mountain was rector of Christ's Church, Montreal, and Rev. Mr. Soiner- ville was the Presbyterian clergyman in the city. 'J'here were ;d)Out twenty-two or twenty-four Roman Catholic priests in the city then. Schoolmasters were more plentiful than clergy, no less than eighteen English teachers being then in the Province of Lower Canada. Finley Fisher is tlie teacher for Montreal, and we find Mr, Nelson at William Henry (now Sorel), Mr. Baker at Durham, Rev. Mr. Wilkie, (,>uebec. with Mr. Thoni and Mr. Sprat. The greatest quantity of wiieal ever exported from Canada up to the date of this Almanac was in 1802. it amounted to 1,010,033 bushels. There were besides exported that year 28,301 bbls. of flour and 22,051 cwt. of biscuit. It may be interesting to know that our esteemed fellow-citizen. Mr. W. W, Ogilvie, and Senator Ogilvie's gtattdfather, was the first man who exported flour from Canada, and in this year 1802 ; in the previous one 1801 he had come from Scotland to Quebec, and started a flour mill at Jacques Cartier near Quebec, and this same year opened up one at Lachine. What a difference now ! Last year his grandson exported from Manitoba over 7,000,000 bushels. 4 5° HISTORY OF MONTREAL. New ships 5896 tons weight were built in tlie province in tlie year 1813. iJroad and beef continue much about the same as then. IJread (luoled at a}^d. per lb., and beef 5d. Lastly, when Montreal was not one-tifth the size that it is now, there were four members of Parliament allowed. \V^hy not reorganize and give the wealthiest and largest City of the Dominion her just rights as regards parliamentary representation ? She Avould now have at least 12 members m proportion to the 4 of 1813. It may be worth while here to write about tiie Montreal of this period — 1815-16. These ret.ords are generally taken fiom a paper by the late J. H. Dorwin, whicii appeared in the 67(/r. and are very correct, as lie was an eye-witness to all he speaks about : " Viger Garden was a swamp, and from this swamp a sluggish creek or ditch ran south-westerly along what is now Craig street, past the east end of St. Xntoine street, makinga turn at Dow's Brewery, coming east through the Priest'sCarden across McCill street at St. Ann's market and into the river, where the Custom House now stands. Its lower course was at least twenty feet deep, allowing canoes in times of high water to come up \u McCiill street. ( )ver its banks was thrown all t'e lillii and refuse of the city, to be washed away once a year hy the sprnig freshets. It was crossed by four bridges, over which ran roads into the country. In the bed of this creek is now Craig street umnel, the main sewer of the city. " .\bout where St. Louis street now is was a small deep pond, the lesort n\' musk rats and walcrluwl. IJeiween Bonsecours street and St. Mary was ' Citadel Hill,' sixty feet high, occupied l)y the military, having on its summit a large block house, where cannon were fired at sunrise and at noon, and a sentry jxaced constantly. I'he eastern portion of this hill, where Dalhousie s([uare is now. was removed in 1812 to construct the plateau of the ('hamp de .Mars, and in 1819 the remainder, between lionsecours stteet and the square, was taken to fill up ,ind le\el off the pond just mentioned. Mr. Dorwin was one of the < oniractoi'- in the latter removal, and e.irii) to the dei)th of 55 leet was taken from where the old Donegani Hotel stands, a,iid St. Mary street was thus joined with Notre Dame. There was a tradition among the old settlers that the hill had originally been built with material tlug from the pond but this was disproved by the disclosure through it of the natural strata and layers of earth, (in tlie side of the hill next the pond were found several coflins, some of them well preserved. The coroner was notitied . hut inste;.d ot holding a long judi. ( ial and scientifn: investigation, he ordeied them to be tumbled into the [)oiul with the rest of the earth. Cnder the block-house on the summit was found a huin.m skeleton wrapjjcd in the remains of an old blanket. " five roads, corresponding to St. Mary. St. l.awienre. St. .Antoiue, St. Joseph and Wellington streets, riii out ctf the ( il\ tf) the country, four of them ])assing through groups of houses forming four .sm.ill suburbs ^ " 'I'he (^>uebec suburbs, the most arisiixratic locality outside the city limits, con- sisted of a score or two of buildings, mostly small, scattered along both sides of St. Mary street from a gate at the east end of St. Paul street to beyond Molson's Brew- ery. There were a few side lanes, the (uillines of the present cross streets, and the HISTORY OK MONTREAL. 51 ]'apineaii road had just been opened, ihrough which the habitants from the country U) tlie nortli and east began to pass as the shortest way to market. On the right hand passing down were the three fine stone residences of Bishop Mountain, Judge Rcid and Baron (rrant, all now standing, the last afterwards bought by William Molson. Molson's Brewery stood then as now, and a. short distance beyond was a toruidry carried on by the large firm of Allison, Turner cV' Co. Between the two was a shipyard, the only one then in the place, where a shipbuilder named Johnson built vessels for Mr. James Miller ; and below the foundry was ihe fine country residence of the Hon. Joim Kichardson, the prime mover in the digging of the I>achine canal. In liochelaga were a few farm-houses and a tavern or two. " St. Lawrence suburb, the most populous of the four, ccjmmenced at a bridge over the creek, at the foot of St. Lawrence street. Tliis street, as fiir up as where Ontario now intersects, was quite thickly lined witii small low wooden buildings. Above Sherbrooke street, before reaching the Mile End tavern, there were but two houses, both of stone, and on the left side (jf the street, then belonging to John Clark and now the property of the Bagg estate. Slierbrooke street was liien opened from St. Lawrence street about as far west as ]>leurv. In r.SiQ two fine residence^ were built on this street,— one by Jacol> Hall and the other i)y Torrance. They were both prominent objects to the citizens below, and the latter, being the only cut-stone structure outside the main city, was the admiration of every passer-by. It is now the residence of the Molson family. To the west, • The Towers,' still well pre- served, had even then been standing for over a hunilred years, and are [)rol)ably the oldest buildings in Montreal. A fool bridge crossed the creek at Bleury street, and a narrow lane ran up about as far as Dorchester street, along which straggled abou. half a dozen small liouses. This was called • Flirtation Lane,' and was a favorite promenade for romantic couples during the long twilight of the sunmier evenings, " St. Antoine sid)urbs began at a I)ridge crossing the creek at the east end of Si;. Antoine street, and was a road with seveial cross lanes pretty ilosely built up is far west as Mountain street. There was only one first-class house, that of Norman .V. McLeod, a rich ' North-Wester,' or member of the Norlh-AN'est Company. The chief \\u\u of tiii:^ company, tlie lion. \Vm. .McCillivray, had a fine stone residence in Cote St. Antoine, about the end ot Dorchester street, the most magnificent building m the whole city, attrrwards owned l)y the Hon. (Sharks \\'iUon. sr. ANN'.s M T.lKIl.S. '•( )ver the creek at Dow's Ihtuery was a third l)ridgc crossed by the Upper L.achine road ; at the foot of McCill street, near St. Ann's market, was a fourth, over which ran the Lower Lachine road, both roails much travelled in those ante-canal days. Beyond the latter bridge the drey Nun road led down to the water. At Bointe Calliere the Crey Numiery tlien stood, and a little farther west were three wind- mills. West of this, in what rejoiced in the name oi ' St. .\mi subur!)s,' were seven 52 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. buildings scattered confusedly over the common, and other than the Lachine road not even an attempt at street-making. The nearest buildings were H. \: R. Corse's dwelling and linseed oil faclory. Thomas McCord had a block house near the Canal Basin, and William Forbes lived in a two-storey Yankee house near the corner of King and Wellington streets. Robert Oriffin, from whom Griffintown took its name, had a soap factory near the latter street, and away west the Gregory house was standing called ' Woodlands ' then ; a fine stone house was standing with polar trees around it, owned by Gregory, a ' North-Wester.' A little btyond was Chap- man's Brewery, ^[uch of the land around was then a swamp, flooded during the spring freshets and wet seasons. " Point .St. (.'harles was a common. Beaver Hall Hill was a field with a long low wooden building at its fool called ' Krobisher's ' house. The mountain was cov- ered u'ith trees, and h;id on it McTavish's monument and unfinished house. All the rest of the country round not before mentioned, now cut uj) by miles and miles of streets, lined with the I.K-st residences of the city, was then orchards, gardens and open fields, dolled Ikmo and there wilh farm houses. nil: MONEV ()|- OCR I-ATIIKRS. " Mt)st of the money in use then was silver, 'i'he C(jins were Spanish dollars. Ireiich half-crowns valued at two s'lillings and iiinepence, pistareens valued at one shilling, and sevenpence ha!f-i)emiy pieces. The only paper money ever seen in the country were army bills which had been issued by the Government durii'.g the war, and were most of them redeemed shortly after. The habitants, not being able to read, would not lake paper money, and preferred silver coin, perhai)s, to any other. Con- secjuently, all kinds of silver coins, depreciated and otherwise, jjoured into the coun- tr\ from all quarters, and ])assed at par and sometimes above it. Half-crowns and pistareens were worth only half a dollar and rycts., respectively, in Boston, but were brought over here by the boxful and passed at the above quoted values. Si)ecula- lors brought over large (luanlities of American half-dollars and exchanged them for army bills, which were at a heavy discount here, look lhe,army bills over ihe' border and sold them al a high premium."' THK KIRS'i' C.WADIAN HANK. In the .summer of 1817 a number of prominent merchants of the city, after hold- ing several meetings, formed a company wilh a capital of $1,000,000 and started the Bank of Montreal. They had no charier, for in those days the obtaining of rights for private companies was a very dilVicult and tedious undertaking, as after the neces- sary legislation had passed the Provincial (Jovernment, the whole matter had to be sent to the Ihitish Governmenl for sanction. It was a great pu/zle to the Bank how to issue bills for circulation without making each stockholder personally liable for their i)ayment, but at last the f illowing form for the reading of their notes was adopted : — HISTORY OF MONTREAL. I 53 "The President and Directors of the Bank of Montreal promise to pay A. li., or bearer, the sum ijf live dollars (or other amount) out of the joint funds of the Association, and no other." This form was, of course, dropped when the charter was obtained. Several years ago one of these old notes was presented as payment to the Metropolitan Bank of this city. John Grey, a retired dry goods merchant, was the first President of the Hank ; Robert Griffin, the lirst Cashier. The directors were some of the most pro- minent business men of the city. 'I'hey were Hon. John Richardson, Samuel Gerard, Thomas Thain, Horatio Gates, George Auldjo, John Molson, Thomas A. Turner, William Krmatinger. /abdiel Thayer and David David. On the ist of October, 1817, the first bank note ever issued in Canada was issued by the Montreal Hank. Not- withstanding the prejudice of the habitants against paper money, the Bank i)rospered until r8?4, when Samuel Gerard was made President. He. by his mismanagement, had lost the one-third of its capital by 1S27. John Molson then became President, and tlie losses were redeemed in a few years, but for five years at that time tiie Bank [)aid no dividend. It occupied for the first few years of its existence a small building in St. Paul Street, and then moved into a much hirger one in St, James Street. ANOTHER BANK. In 181S the r.ank of Canada was started by a few wealthy individuals, who were dissatisfied witli the directorship of the Bank of Montreal. Thomas H. Tunier was ['resident, and Robert Armour, Cashier. There was not room for two banks, how- e\'er, and the inlluence of its rival was too powerful, so it died in a few years, and fell into the hands of two firms — H. Gates i^ ('o. and Wm. J'eddie \' Co., wlio wound up its affairs without any loss to the stockholders. Many persons have a belief that such an institution as the " Bank of Canada " never existed, so for liicir Itettei con- vincement the following business notice has been clip[)ed from the Canadian Courant of May 13, 1S20 : BANK Ol' CANADA. Director for following week — .vbner liagg, Esq. Days of Discount — Wednesday and Saturday, Oi)ens at ten and shuts at three o'clock. Exchange on (^)uebec, New York and London for sale. Roiu.rn' .\KM()t'k, Cashier. These advertisements occur weekly through the (?(///«cd away, leaving no successor, whilst others were and have been intimately conne. Roliin, Samuel W. .Monk, Alex. .McMillan. Toussainl Peltier. Ck.'o. S Hensh.iw, Willi.mi Walker, Pekr N. Ro-^siter, Alex. Buchanan. C. C S. Del^leiiry, D. Mondelet, Philii)i)e Pruneau. Robt. Mor rough, Hyp. St. Ceorge I)ui)re. ( , S. Ciierrier, C. J. F., Mondelet, Hypolite Guy, }'". .\. Clark. J. S. McCord, Henry Driscol. Pierre Pibjud, Win. Hadgley, I'federick Griftin, \\'m. R\an, John Stanley, J. PP Johnson, Daniel Salmon, John Bleakley, lames G. Scott, Francis P. Terroux, Duncan Fisher, Campbell Sweeney, Edward 'P. puies. C D. P)ay, V.. F. Rodier, Arthiu' Ross, Levi .\d. mis, Thomas Nye, Thomas Barron, James Smith, Augustin N. Morin. P. 1!. T, de Montigny, N. C. Radiger. J. M. PI. Lennox, Leon Gossclin, Pierre M<'reau. John Se\t(m. William R. Mt( ord. Louis llyi). Lafont.iine. Joim P'siier, Hugh J'.iylor, Robert Armour, and John Pickel. When reading over the above list, how manv ot these n.;nies .ire to the itihab- itants of jiresent .Montreal as " Household Words." We see die origni of the name.s of many t)f our streets and blocks of buflilings taken from them, but above all how- many bearing these names in at"ter years sat on the J5ench of Lower (Canada, or occupied most imjiortant situations, either in the administration of justice or in the political arena of their country or were contiected with the troubles of 1837-38. HISTORY OK MONTREAI. 65 I'he nolarii's of 1S31. residing in Moiitrcil. were [osepli l'a])i!U';u!, lean M Mondelet, Thomas Barron. Iamms (Jny. Charles Provost, F. X. Dezery. Nicolas B. Doncet, Lonis II. Laioiir, Charles Huot, I Icury Griffin, Thomas ]?eduuin, Andr^ Jobin, Charles Deseve, Peter Lukin, Pierre Riichoi, Genereux I'eltier, P. K. Leclerf , Joseph A. I.abadic, \\'illiani N.Crawford, Lonis Martean, George P. Arnoldi, Joseph Gny, Ktienne Guy, Chevalier de Lornnier. Zephirin J. Trnteau, Joseph Belle, Jam'j.s Grant and Joseph I). Vallee. Again m this list we sec many who have lell their names ni streets, etc., in Montreal, or who fignred in the troubles ot' iS:;7- ;S, ni cm the i herkered hoard of Canadian History. As the Militia jjlaycd an nniuirtant pait in tlu; troubles of 1837-38, let me give a short sketch of those belonging to tlie Island of ^Tontreal. It will be interest- ing to our present \'oinnteers, and one <:aii ^ee how ni,iii\ licnf La \'i>iiaiion, oonniy di.-itiici, and w.is lonanaiuUd t)y I.ieut.-Col, the Hon. Ch.uies Grant, the Majors being Benjamin Deaubiin ;ind "Michael (V.S\illiv,iii. The Col. Commandant of all was Loins Guy. The jnd Ilattalion consisted of all those inchnled in the centre ot .^t. Jt)soph street, halluaisie squaie. the Kiver and Coinnn'ssioners street. Craig to Sanguinct :>treet. then to St. bonis street, also tiie faubourg St. I.ou -; and .'-^1 .\Ii( hel in iln- conntv. I ieui.-(!ol, the Hon. Louis ( iiigv, Majors Smniel Getrnd ,uid Janvin h. Lai'roix. The 3rd jjaitalion consisted oi' all lu'tween .St. Joseph to MiGili streets. Craig street, the River, les S(eurs tjrises, la Pointc a Callit^res and the division of the Tanneries, countv district. I.ieut. Col. J. iioutliillier. Majors I'ierre he Rocheblave and !,, J. I'apineau. The 4tli Battalion consisted of all ihe St. r.awren'.x* subnrl), generally railed " (.irande \iuc of the suljurb of St. l-,iureni," as ftr as Sangiiinet street , and the division of Ste. Cathemv; and thai of Cote Notre Dame des Neiges, of the count) district. Lieut. -Col, the Hon. Toussaint I'othier. .M.ipus bred. .\ug. • Hiesnel and Jos. Shutei. The 5th Battalion consisted of all within the west part of St. Lawrence suburb, the suburb of St. Antoine, and the divisions of St. Antoineand St. Luc in the county disiru I. Lieut. -Col. R. Hervieu.x, Majors 1'. A. l.aroci|ue and Austin Cuvilliet. The 6th Battalion consisted of all resichng in the sul)iirbs of St. Joseph and St- Ann, thi' division Si i'ierre. St, I'.iul and I^laiui St. jVuil, of the county district. i,ieut.-("ol. John Jones, Majors John Molson and I . M. \'iger. Tl'ic yth IVtttalion consisted of allircsiding within the parishes of I, achine. i'ointe- 5 66 HISTORS OF MONTKKAL. Clfiire. Ste. Anne and Sle. Oeiievieve. Licul.-Col. J. M Mondelet, Majors Dominique Mondeiet and Alexis Berthelot. i'hc SUi l?atlalion consisted of all residing in tlie ])arishcs of r>ongue-Poinle, [*oiiite au\ Ti.inbles, la Riviere des IVairies, Sauk au RecoUel and St. Lanienl. Lieut. -Col. Iac(|ues N'igcr, Majors John Delisle and Hypolile St. George Dupre. Lieut. Coi. Hon. John Forsyth commanded the volunteer militia, llie ^hljo^s being (ieorge (itegory (Cavalry), John S. Mc(,\)rd (RiHes). and Peter McClill (Artillery). In thi; suimui r ot i.S^;. public meetings were held n\ almost every county in ihe Piovince, especially in the Di^ilrict of Montreal. At these meetings the i>eoplc were liarangued, by the leading members of the Assembly, in the most inflammatory language, and resolutions were ])assed repudiating the authority of Parliament, deny- ing the obligations of the laws, and enforcing a scheme of general organization. AI)out this time the tri-colored flag was disjjlayed for several days at St. Hyacinthe, and in the iicigldiorhood t)f .St. (.,'harles and St. Denis. Associations were formed, with a design of uverthrownig the (lovernrnent: and the "(.'entral Committee of Montreal" were active in forwarding it. '• J'he Sons of Liberty" published in 0< - tober an ' Address to the Young Men o^ the North American Colonies," avowing sentiments of the most dangerous tendency. I'A'ery method was employed to circu- late these sentimeiiis, dnUing look place on Sundays and other holidays ; armed bands paraded the streets of t'le city in the night time, the tn-coloied flag was hoisted, and the peaceable inhabitants fell themselves insecure if tliey ventured out unarmed after the day had closed. A grand meeting of the ''Confederation of the Six Counties " look place at St. C ii.iries. on the J3rd of ()ci()ber. when n, fuller and unreserved avowal of treason,d)le designs was made. The ('aji of Lil)ert\ was laised, ami a solemn oath t.ikeii nndor it to be faithful to the revolutionary princi|)ies of whi« !i it was emblematical. All allegiance, and every pretence to it. were at once discarded, and a determination evinced to take the management of alTaiis into their own hand.'^. This meeting was attended by the Speaker (L. J. P,ii)ineau) and twelve Members of the House of .Asseaibly. and no time was lost in carrying the treasoiKible part of the resolution intoi'tfect. justices of the Peace and Officers of Militia were comjielled to resign their commissions, and many took ri'fuge in Montreal. On the same day a meeting of the loyal and constiliilion.il inhabit. ints uf Mun- treal look place in the City, for the "' mainteiiatice of good order, the protection ot life and property, and the connectitui now happily existing betweiii this Colony .md the Cnited Kingdom, at present put in jeo[)ardy by the machinations of a disorganiz- ing and revoluiionarv fat.tion within this I'rovince." Troops were sent for from Nova Scotia and from Upper Canada. 'I'he Atloinev General ariived f:om Quel)et for the purpose ot directing measures. The Magistrates of Montreal h;iving recei\ed information, on the 5th of Novem bei. that iiuinerous l)odies of men, of different p.iilies. intended on tiie following day HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 67 lo p;iradc the stiveis ol the city, iinmedialely issued a i>ioclam;itioii to prohibii sucli a measure. On Monday, the 6th, persons were anxiously inquiiing as to the motions and intentions of the iwi) )iarlics : and about two o'clock it was l^nown that a ron- siderabie number of ilie '* Sons of Liberty ' had assembled in an enclosed yard iiear St. janies street, although some of their leaders had pledged themselves to the Magistrates that no procession should take place. ,\bout three hundred of them sallied forth, armed with bludgeons, pistols, and other weapons, and made a furious and indiscrimmale all.uk on all that fll in their wav. For a lime ihey had full [)osses- sion of the street, breakuig windows, and tin eat'Miing other mischief. Ilui the Con- stiluiionalisls were soon aroused and dispersed the riotous assemblage, but weie far from satisfied with this success. .About six o'clock the Riot Act was read, and the military wi-re called out. .\ |)ariy of the ('onstitutionalists were encountered by the koyal Regiment in tiont of I'apineau's house : but instead of offciing ,iny resistan<;e ti.ey heartily cheered the gallant regiment, and accompanied it to the Champ dc Man, where it was ordered to take post. A company of the Royals was posted Jiear the Bisho[) s Church, St. Denis street, -\fter this all became quiet, and the Magistrates ordered the troo|)s to their barracks. In proceeding thither, the Royals found a pai ty atlempling Sfune injurv to r.ipmeau's lu)use. but they desisted the moment the troops came upon them. In the course of the evening the office of the Viinludtoi was destroyed. The military patiolled the streets till daylight. On the i6tii of Novcinber. warrants were issued, ami rewards offered, for the appre- hension of twenty-six indi\ iduals charged with high treason, of whom all were of I'rench origin, excejit oin ; light were Members ot the Provincial l\uliament, and the greater part ot the wiiole number were in the higher classes of societ) . Eight .ji them were t .mimiltcd to jirison at the time . lait all the others who resided in town maile their escape. Two of them resided at St. Johns, and one at St. Athanase, and the w.ir- rants for their apjuehension wee entrusted t<.> a peace ofiicer, who. accompanied by .t body of tlie Mi)nfroal Royal Cavalry, proceeded to execute them, by way of liOn- gueuil and < hatiibl} . Demaray and IXivignon were ariested at St. Johns, and the j>arly were returning to Montreal s^ith them by the same route. When within .d)out •Wo miles of I/ongueuil, the (..av.Jr) and peace officer in the charge of the prisoners were intercepted by a. large body of armed peasantry, who lired upon them from tlieir houses, from behind fences, and from ,i i)arn whic'i bordered the road, and tompelled them to .diandon ihoir prisoners. Se\eral ul" the (iavalry were wounded, .ind tluir horses injured, by the fire of the insurgents. ( )n the joth ol November, intelligence was received that l". S. llrown had col- lec ted a large fon:e at the village of St. Charles on 'lu. River Ri< helieu, which he was ))roccediiig to fortify, and that I'apineau, O'CaLaghan, and Wolfred Nelson were I'oni erned in these measures. >Varrants had been issued for their apprehension j .ind the civil aulhouiies ai)plieil to the ("ommandei ot ilu' l''orces tor aid in securing them. On the 23rd a body of troops under ("ol. (»ore embarkcil on b<;.ud the steamer St. (leorge tor Sorel, wiiere they landed 111 the evening .\t ten o'clock ihey 68 , HISTORY OF MONTREAL. narclied towards St, Denis, intending to attack the force at that place, and then move on rapidly to assist Colonel Wetherall of the Royal Regiment in his attack ujjon St. Charles. The march was a terrible one, in consequence of a heavy rain, and the rnuddiness of the roads. Tiiey did not reach St. Denis till after dayliglit. An attack was commenced ; several were killed, but tinding it impossible to dislodge some of the rebels from a large stone house from which they were firing, and his men being exhausted by the fatigues of the preceding night and day, the Colonel retreated upon Sorel, where, after much suffering, the parly arrived on the morning of the 24th. Colonel VVetlicrall had received orders to attack St. Charles at the same lime the other fcrces were to be engaged al St. Denis. For this purpose he left Cham- bly on the 22nd, but the roads were so bad thai his troops were notable to reach the place till noon of the 25th. The houses nlong the route were deserted; the bridges broken down, barricades erected, and every precaution taken against an attack. Halting to reconnoitre, C'olonel Wetherall observed that two guns commanded the road, and he therefore resolved to attack by tkploying to the right. The lroo])s were saluted with a loud cheer from the stockade, and a constant fire was kej)! up by the rebels from the op])osite bank of the river. When he had approached within two hundred and fifty yards from the wttrks. he took up a position with the hope that a dis])la}' of his force would induce some change amcuig the infatuated people. I'hey, however, opened a heavy fire, which was relumed. He then ailvanced nearer to the works, but, finding the defender^- obstinate, he stormed and carried them, burning every building within the stockade except Mr. I )ebart/.ch's lu)Use. whicii was extinguisiied, and occu|)ied by the troops. 'l"he affair occu])ied about ,in hour. J'he slaughU'r was great on the side of the rebels, but slight on that of the troops. Sev- eral prisoners were taken. Hrown, I'apmeau, Drolet, and others crossed the river to St. .M.irk, on tlu* arrival of the troo[ts before St. Charles. On the whole, the means and ])re|iarations of the rei)els were more formidable than many ])ersons had supposed. Having thus captured St. (Miarles and dispersed the insurgents, who are said to liave amounted at this place to fifteen hundred fighting men, the Colonel determined to attack a considerable body of the rebels collecied for the pur]iose of cutting off his retreat to Chambly ; and on the morning ol the 2,^rd, he discovered them mi a well-chosen position, and under the protection of ,tn abatlis. They tied, however, as soon as he had formed to attack, leaving their two guns l>ehind them. ( )n ihe 2i)th of November, the ( '.overnorin-Chief issued a monitory proclama- tion to the insurgents, inviting them to return to their allegiance, and j)romising them torgelfulnevs and immunity for the past, and a continuance of paternal protection and favor ; at the sanu time offering rewards fiir the apprehension (jf the leaf,"J.P." On the 17th, the next day, were committed Jean Francois Bosse Lionais, and on the 18th, Louis Michel Viger, an advocate and afterwards a well-known politician, who had been admitted to practice A.D. 1807. 76 HISTORY OF MONTREAL On the 2ist, Michel Vincent, who was of the Parish of Longueuil, was committed by I'. E. Leclcre.J.P. On the 26lh, Narcisse Laniothe, of tlie Parish of Laprairie, was committed l)y the warrant of B. Hart. Esq., J- P. 'I'hese seem to l)e nil who were arrested and committed during the month of November, 1837. '^ '^*-' ^'^''V ^'''^^ name which begins December, and who was then arrested, was Come Serajjhin Cherricr. a name which has been one of the longest in remembrance in Montreal. I'he bearer of it was one of the most prominent members of the Montreal Bar since 1831, and died not long ago full of years and honors. JJe- sides being y.C. at ilie time of his death, he had been decorated by His Holiness 'J'he Pojie.. and his children may rest assured that all he did in 1S37 was done from a full conviction that he considered it (as it was afterwards) for the iiresent as well as the future good of his native land. On the same day another i)rominent individual was arrested and committed to gaol, Toussaint Peltier, also an advocate, who iiad been admitted to the Uar in 1816. Mr. Cherrier had l)cen admitted in 1822. On the 3rd December, (ieorge Dillon was committed for high treason, and on the 4lh, Andre Cliguere and Toussaint Mervillt. 'J'he next commitment is dated 9th Decemlier, 1S37, '^'''^^ '^ '•''^'^^ <^^' I^<^i'is Boindon. His offence is thus stated ; 'I'liat being of the Parish of St. C6saire, in the County of St. Hyacinthc : " D'avoir conseille et engage le peu[)le dans la Paroisse .St. Cesaire centre les droits de notre Souveraine, la Reine Victoria, suivant deposition annexee." The deposition is in English and sworn to by one Thomas Wood, who thus declares: '■ I. 'I'homas Wood, of Granby, being in St. Cesaire on Monday, the 27th November, 1837, (swear) that a person known by me as son-in-law of M. Papineau, L. Boindon, did endeavor to e.xcile the peojile there to actual rebellion, and did endeavor to raise a force to rescue some provisions which had been stopped in Her Majesty's irime for the insurgents, and did call upon and threaten the miscalled Patriots who were inclined to be loyal to lake arms against Her Majesty's liege sub- jects, -^nd was in communication with the rebels at Point Olivier." Daniel Forbes a/ios McNaughton, hailing from St. Kustache, is arrested the same day as the last two on a writ signed by B. Hart, J. P. He was arrested in AFontreal, having come from St. Kustache '' as a spie."' 'J'he I 2th I)erember, 1S37, is the commitment by P. E. J.eclere of Franvois Jal- bert. offence, murder, and in the body of the commitment it thus reads : '• Whereas, F. Jalbert. of the Parish of St. Denis, in the District of Montreal, yeoman, stands charged on oath with having on the 27th day of the month of November last, at the Parish of St. Denis aforesaid, feloniously and wilfully and of his malice aforethought killed and murdered one George Weir." On the same day were committed Robert S. M. Bouchette, Henri A. Gauvin, Timothy Kinebert, Rodolphe Desrivieres, Simeon Marchesseault, Jean Bte. I,an- guedoc, Francois I.,eford, Alexandre Pinsonnault, Ambroise Heberl, Denis Duchaine, HISTORY OF MONTKEAFi. 77 Jean P. Boiiclier IJelleville. Louis Tri'mlilay Foussaint Dufresne, Alexis Richara, Pierre Lannuedoc, Toiissaint M. (ioddiii and l)r. W olfrcd Nelson. The coiiiiniinient of \)v. \\'olfrcd Nelson llius reads : " Where is. Wolfred Nelson, of the Parish of St. |)enis. E.-ii|., siands charged, on oalh, with the crime of high treason, eoinmittid in the said District of Montreal, th.ese are to authorize and com- mand you to receive into your custody the said Wolfred Nelson. IV K. I etlere, j.P." He signed all the above warrants Here is the order regarding the writing of letters by p-iisoners, especially when Henry A. (lauvin is mcntione(t in the above list. It thus reads • " Prisoners to be allowed to write to theii friends on atiy inattcis excepting politics, ofi the past or passing events, their letters to be ^ent in to the \tiorney General at any time before one o'clock at the room in ihe (kioI where the examina- tions are now going forward. They may intimate to their tricnds that their answers must be sent thnjiigh the same officer, and no cither. I'liis indulgence is not to ex- tend to llie prisoner H. .\. (.auvin, and it will be withdrawn ifabtised by any other person." On the 15th were committed for high trexson. Jean Hte. Tetreault. Jacques Siirprenant and Frangois Surprenant. On the i6th, Luc Auger, Luc H. Masson and Damien Masson. On tiie 17th, .Alexandre l-'cniriner, Joseph RobiUard. jini.. Jean iUe. I )unu)uchclle, Jo-^. I >anais, Charles Larose, Fran(,ois (irignon, Magloire (iuindon, Edouard Meaution dit Major. Joseph Malbu:uf, Felix Cardinal, Feon iNLarie et Augustin Laurent dit Fortie. On the 19th, William H. Scott, of St. luistache. On the 20th, Louis Coursolles, Ambroise Lapierre, Jean Bai^tiste ]jous(piet, Toussaint l.anglois, Hypolite Moyer, E. Villairs, Stanislas Roy, Modeste Roy, H. Dumouchelle, Cam. Dumouchelle, V. AFirie, C. DeLorimier, Clias. Lemoine, Jean A. Berthelot. On the 5th January, 1 8,^,8, there were committed for high treason. Timothy Franchere, Louis Marchaiui and Richard A. R. Hubert. On the 6th, Jean Planchette, l"'ran(,-ois (ruerin. Antoine Rochon. Isaac l''oisy, Jean Etc. I'.elanger and Auguste Sanche. On the loth. Joseph Maz dit Lapierre, Francois Seguin, Joseph Vadenais, Michel Frejeau, Guillaume Montplaisir, Paschal ^'lger, Marcel Sauvee^ Chnstophe Daigneau, Francois Bertrand, Louis Brouillard, and Hugh Ward. On the 20th.. Chs. Olivier, and on the I'.^rd, Franvois Nicolas. His commitment charges him with, at St. Johns, '' Feloniously, wilfully and of his malice aforethought killed and murdered one Josei)h Armand, otherwise called Joseph Chartrand." On the 25th of this month, i6 prisoners from St. Johns were committed ; their names are : Louis M. Decoigne, Francois Ranger, Theophile Roy, Josej)h 'I'ellier, Leon Breault, Barthelemy Poissant, Jean Bte. Tremblay, Frs. Surprenant, Jean Jabotte, Luc Hebert, Olivier Glantenel, Joseph Gervais, Robert McMahon, Pierre R. Narbonne, Joseph Hebert and Dr. Leonard Brown. 7'^ III.SrOk\ OK MONIRIAI < til llif J7II1, |(»^i;|i|) Diivcrnay .md lirii j.iniin S(ii(;(.i.l ( )ii tlic ?i)[\\. |.i< inic.-, I »t iiicis. ,iii(i on tlx- -^isl, l.ouis (jli.ircttc, <)iillir I a ol l''l.iii;iry, |(j>c|i|i K .)l)ill;tr(I, sc-n., Josi-ph I Mi v.il .ukI H i'. I^clair. < »ii ihc jiul !•( liri,;irv Xiiiin'' A. I'lijuncan mI S! I i \;i' intlic, L'cnt liiiiaii ( »n llii; s'li, l*;ilM(.ls Miiii:i\, .MkIku-I Ihvyci. I'clcr ( )'< ,ill,i)^liaii and I mhi I' i|'iiii\-iii. 'Ml ihc ()iii |aim;:. Walls, .Aiiyiislin l.ahru-, jean lilc. I MiiiMiiichcllr, |n<:)\li ka.\iii()ii(l iiiii I'aislacc jaiiu!s dc Carrirrc, Onc-liull slual <*! I'otr papci is all ihal r used III racli nf liusc coiiiiiiit iiniils. ' >ii tlir.Sll], i\ liom St I!' nmi. I I \a( iiillic hcroiiin. Al'vaiidn I )iToinii and Jean lllc. Kuhci >vci<- ruininitlcd. < )ii the i^tli, I'loiiK I .oii'ipic sen. Mcd.ud ( .a^iujii and linicnl l,oii^|)ir. ( >n till- i^tli. I)avi(! IJiaiicliciinn, liin liic. I'lhii'i, Iran Maiic Laloiii and ji an l!!i . I liiiic.iii (dillic ifitli. I'icMi r.arii^ic it//(i> Laiigi-viii. ol Si . ( ( ^ inc. I'lns inisu.icr 1. Iiaiiddl ovci io llif (illK I r of " 'llir Mam (lii.ird <.| II. \l. Iok's in Moniiaal." His ciiliif IS tiiii'i scl foi ill ; '' i 1 1^1 1 I lea son and end' a vol 11 ij^^ |(, l<,ri|) u]i tlu: cxciU nil 111 ni die connliv, md also naviiig idustd lo lind hail lor his luliirc ^;ood con- diK I ' ( )n tin- 171I1, lioiii Si Denis, i'lain.oi. Kniici dit l:if!i(lic. MaiM.I ( !')nlf.iux, I'll i If Mondoi and l',d(Miaitl IJcss''. ( 'n ill.; ;s! V1aic;li, four piisoili'is wai-' dis<;liai^;i'(l I.) nid'i ol \tloi my Ci.-ii- i ra! : I'mim' KoIjiij^c, I'aisclM- lilaiK lnin, Mcxaiidic l)'Ai).df and riiailts lilan- clunic. Adoiplu' I >iij,MS s iMw d ay 1. < nnuiiiUcd loi lijli tieasoii. also jcaii Char- ifI)ois .\\\i\ \p))olhiic St ( Ici in.iiii- Nolliinu' apjJiMi s now nil lln ^olh Maicl , wlit n Saimud lliti andf'hs. DcS.il;.- !)cii), I I's., '•( nd III l'ran(a)is Ma-r dit SaiKHiic lor " higii triiisoii." TIksc Jiis- tici's .IK' \v<'|| Known iiaiiics > il ( 'h.iiiildy. ( )ii till ;!Mli, 1)\ ooji'i (>| Aitoincy Oriicral. lluic were disrliaigrd Hinjatnin I'oirici, I' raiK.ois ' .'alalia, Itciii'Hiii'i (-'ahaiia, l''raiiii the \ui. I'',n«a h JaMpii s, ol the Town- ship ot I'oitoii, iiiid( I wairaiit of Tlioiiiis (lihnin j.l'. HISl'ilKN OK MO.N IKK M. 79 ( )ii the 5II), |osi|ili Mnii[^rc;ni. ( )ii llii' I I III [iiiif^ Mmpliv ami lM;inrt)is AlU. I',itii(k Miiii.iv, Mir.liin;! Ihvy.i ;inil I'lti.-i ()'( .ill;if lo Si. firsaiic, ai)(l i^ivi- hail fni liUiiic f^odd 1 hihIim ( to Ml, ('liadi-i ,, wlio li ill ( oiiiiiiiili'ii tln'ii), •' uiiliiii vo mail)' lioin', i Isr tlicy wmild l)i: iiiiiiu-
  • ,\ St. .M.nini, j^cntlcinan, I'asrlial noiiihonniri, Jr, mi lUc .\i( and. Win. Wliitluik >,V^. f"< 'lig'' •f<';i'*f"i is on llie ;^rd, win-re |a(i|ues l.icoiiihe Iroin St . S( liol,islif|ue, iindt-i llie w.iiraiil of W. Snowdoii, l',S(|., Li'., is adniitli-d to piiam. < )n the .same tlay, .Andn Joliin, ol ilic parisli ol St. ( ic ni'vieve, is I oiiinnlli d (o! '' s<;dilion , prn Ik i.-s " hy O. I!eilli(li)t. Lsi|., LI*. hiiiini; Novciiiliii. I ,H;5S, 'lie sc'i ond otilhi' ik tool jij na , .md in lliii inoiilh lliMcaii.- \eiy lew sniglc pajuMs (»r(.oiiiuiilinciils, Inii papers < onl.ainin;.' loiii; lists of sucli. 'I'lie Ifjllowiiijf was received at the gaol, t6lh November, 1H3S. ■' 'I'lii piisoii(;r. I)r. itiicn, is lo lie kept separate, and on iio.Keount is any(jne I' I In- p' 1 nnlti d to speak with him " lly roininand o| I lis i'",\( cllem y, ''lo the Kct'per ol the "('. K Ooiucn, .Aiioriicy (;(m'ral. ("oninion ( iaol, MoiiII'mI. ' Ihc only two ( (imnnUiieiiis. .Noviinhei joih, aie ihose ol Dr. Allaid and John I'laU'leliii (i/i lUv.. Allard, a ine(|i(,d pi.ielil loiiei ol U-hril." I'he olhei is si|.;ned hv <'. \< . Ot;fleii. ami reads as follows : So HISTORY OK MONTREAI . " The keeper of tlie Common (laol will receive into his custody the ])risoner FrateHn ii/ias litadiu h from Major Mc(,'ord, and will keep hmi in a separate rf)om .uid allow no one to speak with him or see him, " 1)) ordei. ('. K. Ocken, Attornty (.".eneral." The following is the copy of tlie commitment of two of the Palriois who were executed in die Montreal Caol antl others : " St. Pierre. La Prairie, Dc( . lo. iS.vS. "Sir, " Yon are desired to receive into the City of Monti eal CJaol the following prisoners, at the same time to !;j;ive a receipt for their bodies io the sergeant commanding tlu escort, in charge of them : '• Anloine Sanguniet, Ims. Xavier Hamelin, Jacques J.ongtin, Jacicember, iS-^S, thus reads. •' H. 1>. Leblauc, Di. I). Lebl.im:, Frs. riepanner and Jos. Robert, to be re- moved to the new gaol. The ihret,' first to he kept in tlu' room wIkmc the I'reilch- man is now; and Jus, Robert to be put in a safe ward. " Ry order, \V\i. !■", I'l r rcHF.K , •' R. in. Si. (.M k.s, ShcntT." Copy of warrant of I'. .\. (iuerrin, On the b.n k it thus reads' •'Mitninus against l'\ \. Guertin of St. Cesaire, for high treason." " 'lo the Gaoler of any ot Her Majesty's Gaols for tlu District oi Montreal, in tlie ( 'ity of Montreal. ''Whereas 1'', X, (iuerlin, late of tin P.insh of Si. Ce->airi', district aforesaid, f.irmer, stands accused uiu'er oath y^( the crime of liigh treason and treasonable practices. " These, etc., etc. " iiyth Dec., 183S. Signed, \Ym. A. Ciiaikkks, J. P."^ This iMjishes the two years of 1837 ai d iS^^S. (!ardin,il and Dufpiette were th<' only ones hanged in December of this year, the other ten suffered in i8,v>' Tiic following are a few of the commitments in oxtenso at the cotnmencenicnt of tiie troubles of 1 838. We must recollect that I'.e 4th November was a Sunday. HISTORY OK MONTREAl,. 8l The events of that day Iiave aheady been well described by Mr. John Frasf. Three quarters of a half sheet of foolscap contains the commitment paper, no seal or legal looking dociunont. It consists of only a long list of names with this heading : *' To the Hon'ble Roch de St, Ours, Esq., Sheriff, "Sir, "You arc hereby requested and ordered 'o receive into your custody in the Common Gaol of the District of Montreal, the following prisoners until further orders." And this is signed by N. Kdmond Barron, J. P. 'J'liis paper contaii. sixty-five names. Two orders or letters are of this date, sth November, viz. : " La Prairie Barracks, .Vov.'Tth, 1S38. " I hereby give nito your charge Pierre Dresi. an inhabitant of La Prairie, who was taken prisoner last night about six o'clock, near the Barracks, by a volunteer named Mellini. 1 ordered him to be searched, when some copper caps and a ball were found on him. Mellon says he threw something into the river. The prisoner was mounted mi a white horse, which I send with him. " Y(jur obedieut servant, '• .\. W. BicGS, Major, "The (iailor. .Montreal. '• yih Hussars." 'I'lic other letter of the Major's thus reads : " J hereby deliver into your charge the prisoner Duffile Vershereou, who was taken by .1 party of Hussars on the morning of the 4th of November, armed with a musket with ball ammunition, a powderhorn and dagger. The prisoner was one of the i)art> of Rebels who fired at the Hussais. " The evidences against him are Privates Hinds and Wilson, 7th Hussars, and Volunteer James Melton of La Prairie. " A. W. Mu;(,>, Miyir. " Connnd. 7lh Hussars, at La Prairie. " I, a Prairie, November 5tli, 183S." On the ist January, i.S^g, a letter from Kobert Nickle, Colonel and J. P., of Stan- stead, dated I)ecember 30th. 1S3S, and addressed to Her Majesty\ (laoler, Montreal, thus reads : "You will bo pleased to take charge of the body of Captain Taylor Wadley, charged with treasonable prattices." This letter is annexed. "Mr. \V,\Nn, Gaoler, Montreal. " Sir. " Some days since depositions (which are"now in my possession ) were sent in from the country against ("apt. laylor Wadley, of the Hatley .Mihtia, Laslern Townships, in consequence of which he was ordered to be sent in to Montreal a prisoner, and 6 82 HISTORY OK MONIREAi.. the Attorney General told nie liuat on his iM rival iji town he was to be taken to the City (Jaol until his case was examined nito and dis|)(jsed of. ''You are therefore commanded to receive liim, the said Captain Taylor Wadley, and detain him \u custody a prisoner until furUier orders. " 1'. J. Griikin, "Dep'y Ass. Adj. (knl. " Dep'ly Adj. ( ieneral's Office, " Volunteer Dej)artment." " Montreal, ist January, 1S39. ' Captain Taylor Wadley's commitment fiom Colonel Nickle, C.H., commanding at St;inslead, Eastern Townships, is also herewilii enclosed. " F. J. (iKiiiiN, I). A. A. G." On the Sill January, iX_vj, the following letter is recorded ; "General (^ourt Martial Room, " Montreal, 8th Januarv, 1839. "Sir: " I am commanded by His Kxcellency, Sir John Colbt)riie, tf) inform you that the three uiidermeniioiied j)risoners having been ac(iiiilted by the Cieneral Court Martial, they are tr» \n' (lis< harged from the Montreal prison. " Kdo\iard 'Ihtrien, of Chateauguay : Jean lUc Dozois, sen., of St. {!y|)rien ; l.ouis l.emeiin of Si. Cyi>'it.'n. " I have, etc., etc., "G. Ml i.i.KK, Capl., ^^^ "Deputy Judge ,Advo( ale. "i'liK Siii'.Kii'i mt^S ^ of Montreal." Tlu' hjllowiiig were committed this momli for high treason ; I'llieiine Lnnglois, I.< c f \ r\ , ,, , , > Vu:roKiA, ijy tm- drace ol Cod, Oueeii. of McMUreai. ) ' -^ ' ^ "To the Keeper of tlie (.'onnnon (iaol (jf the District of Montreal, '• Crketing : — " Yon are hereby commanded to receive into tlie Ca(jl of the said district of Montreal, l''ran(;ois Nicolas (the nuirderer of Chartrand), who now stands charged upon oath with high treascjii, and him there safely keep, until he shall be discharged by due course of law. " Civeii under my hand and seal at the village of Cliristieville, this lylli day of January, 1S39. "W. M((;iNNis, J.P." 'I IK- iK-xl is dated j^th April, 1H39: " Dpt'y Adj. Cen'I's Office, V'olunteer Department. " .Montreal, 25th .\|)rii, 1X39. ".Sik, "I liave the honor by direction of His Isxceliency the (jovernor General and Comniandtr ol ihe I'orces, to rerpiesi that '■ freeman Millar," cf Stanstead, accused of seditious practices, and now sent in by Col. Nickle, coniinanding at Stanstead, in custody of tlie bearer, Lieut. VVhilcher, of the Stanstead ('avalry, may be received and detained as a prisoner in the (iaol of Montreal initil furlher orders. " 'I he necessary c(jinmunications upon this subject will be made to-morrow nioriiing to tin- SheiilTby the Attorney-Cieneral. " 1 have the honor to be. Sir. " \ (Mil most obedient liiiinble servant, " I'. |. (.Kll KIN, 1) A. A. C. " Mr. Wand, Cuoler of .Montreal (iaol." Ihe following two commitments bear dale 20th June, 1X39. The first, " f-ouis Duboii, for tre.isonaI)le practices and ;hreateiiiiig l.mguage towards tin- (joverimienl.'' '■ Prnvince of Lower ( ";iiia(l,i, I William Kiiii; McCord. I',si|iiiie, one of the Jiis- Dislrici of .Moniie.il. ) tices of Our Sovereign Lady the (,)iu'en, ; sjigncd to keep the peace within the said district. 84 III,ST(JKy OK MONTKKAI-. "To the Kci:])(,T of llif CumiiKjii Gaol of tin.- said Disliict, " (ikKKTINf; : — " Wlicicas Louis Dubois, inaslcT bhicksiuilh, of Si. Anne dcs I'laiiu's, in the counly ol 'I'lrrchoiiUf, in the said distrir.i, stands charged upon oatli with having made use t)f llneatening language towards the Government of Our Lady the (^)ucon, and liaving declared his readiness to assist the Rebels whenever the opportuinly odired, also as having threatened the Kevereiid Mr. I'oirier, the curate of said parish, ' that he would persecute him until his death, or until he ci-aseti preaching loyalty to the inhabilanis, his [)ar!shioners,' thereby and in other treasonable prac- tices exciting discontent, dissension and rebellion among the people against the Goveiiinunit a,nd against the peace oi ( )ur I^ady the (Jueeii. " These are therefore to aulhori/e and command you to receive into your custody the said Louis Dubois, and him safely keep to be dealt with acccjrdmg to l.iw. '■(iivt'ii under my hand and st^d at St. Scholaslique, this 15th day of |uiie, 1.S39, and in the 2nd year of lier .NLijesly's Reign. "W. R. JVLCoKi), ^■H ^^B "Sl'P- Magislrati.- \- L I'-" The lU'xt eommitmeiu IS ffiat of Moysf- iTnuiger, and alter same heading as the above the body ol warrant thus reads : " Whereas .\Ioyse (jrangcr, of thel'arish of Ste. Amu; des Plaines, in the (iounty of Teni'bonne, in the 1 )istrict aforesaid, sta'ids charged upon oath with having withm the last three months continuall)' threatened 'he iile of the Reverend Mr. l*oiri(jr,^ Cure of .said I'arish. if he did not (X'asc prcavhing loyalty to his paiishiom.'rs, at same time using ihie.itenmg l.inguage towards ller Majesty's (iovernmeiit, thereby encouraging rebellion ,iiid rtsistance to said ( ioveriimeiit, and by other treasonable practices and secri't meetings assisting and forming a seditious opposition to the loyal inhabitants of siiid I'arish and the (ioveinmeiit in general anil the peace of cjur said L.idy the <,)(ieen, her crown and dignity. "These are therefore, et* ., etc.," with the same committing Magistrate's n.inie. On the isl July, iH.^y, the last commitment tlui:: reads : " Whereas jean Haptiste Leroiix dit Rousson, of the I'arish of St. Hennas, in the Count) of Lake of I'wo Mount. uiis, in tiie District aforesaid, blacksmith, stands charged upon o.itli ' having de( tared that he would aid and assist the rel)el cause and endeavor to ijverlbrow the Govcrnm-'ni ot Our Sovereign Litdv ilie (^)uten, and was ready to assist any foreign invasion from the United Stales of Amoiica against this country, of which he had jiositive information,' and by oilier treasonable jiractices emie.ivoring t(j disturb the peace of ( )ur Sovereign Lady '.he (Jueen. "These are Iheieiore, etc., etc." The signalure is W. R. McCokO, J.I'., but he adds Stipendiary Magistrate. N. W. M. 1). This finishes these interesting documents of 1837, 1S38, and i83f>. Sketches of Ihe principal actors in this ('.madian drama will be found in the body of liie Ga/i:tti;kr at their respec live places. IlIS'IORY OF MONTH KA I,. 85 On July 231(1, 1840, the Hill lo unite Upj-cr ;in(l Lower (Canada buoamc law, 1)(-'iiig then sanctioned by the ( hu.-en. Il ditl not, however, from sonu; cause, come int(i operation till Kehruary loth, 1841. The City ('barter having expired, il was lenewed, and llonorablt- Peter Mcdill Wan appointed Mayor. l!i icS44, ''"' < those sad (uacasls from their nativiland. Amongst the sacriHced were the Mayor and the Roman Catholic Uishop of Montreal, many clergymen of all denominations, and very many Sisters of ('narity aiul others. How often I have witnessed the blessed ministrations of those adnn'rable women at the bedsides of the sick ami dying at what was then a \eritable pest house, the Emigrant Hospital at Point St. Charles. Their errand of mercy was in so many cases an errand of death to themselves, that one could not help pitying and admir- ing the iieroK and self sac rificing devotion of these ' Noble ty|)C's of jjood licroii- woinniiiiond,' My Cod's good ])rovidence I escaped unscathed, whilst so many of my co- laborers f( II around me. 'I'he small police force then under my commaiul, number- ing forty-five men all told, suifered pro rata of its sticngth pretty severely, four men died of the ship fever, fourteen olh.ers contracted the disease, but ultimately re- covered, from alioul midsummer until far into September the |)estilence raged in our midst, and day aftttr day crowds of infected emigrants were cast ui»on our wharves. i'hese Wiie generally landed whert' the .\llan steamships now berth, the nearest spot lo the Ismigranl Sheds at the IN^iiil. i'olicemen wi-re stationed at all the bridges over the ("anal, to st(jp them getting back from the sheds, for which ihey had a great horror and detestation. In consequence of this they were- ever endeav- oring to make their escape therefrom. Many did so escape, and were afterwards l)icked up sick, dying or dead, hid away in stables, out-houses, or alley ways in the city, to which, despairing, they had betaken themselves. To meet this emergeni y, I had oigani/ed a sort of and)ulaiice, a spring wagon, covered by a white lilt, whi<;h was kepi ctuislantly on duty at the (Jenlral Station, ready for the first summons. From the day of its establishment, 19th July, to the day that it was discontinued, Hjlh Se|)tcinber following, this ambidance had conveyed to the hospital no less than 472 sick .md (>o dead, found hid away in various holes and corners of the city. 86 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. It may be readily imagined that it was no easy task to find people to undertake so dangerous and forbidding a work. The cartel who drove the ambulance would do nothing else. To handle the dead, or dying, it was no easy matter to find men will- ing to run the risk. As it was not j)OHsil)le to get men for this pnrjjose, volunteers had to be sought for, at high wages, amongst the loafers who hung about the wharves. Strange to say, none of these men ever suffered from their contact with the infected. One of the common daily sights in Welnngton street, in those sad days, were the coffins on their way to the Emigrant Hospital. These |)laiii deal coffins might b^ seen any day piled uj) in the Hospital yard, awaiting the daily toll f)f the dead, who were always buried at night. The duties of the police in such times, as may well be imagined, were onerous, and tryuig in the extreme, 1 cannot say that they were borne cheerfully, but I must freely admit that they were submitted to without a murmur. As I have before noted, the casualties for so small a body were severe. A third of the Force were prostrated by sickness, whilst death exacted its tenth. Death stalked abroad in the streets at noonday, and when he struck his victims it was suddenly and swiftly. At Point St. Charles, near the northern end of tlie Victoria IJridgc, in a small plot of land, lie deposited the remains of 6,000 of the victims of that calamitous year. A large boulder stone, j)laced on a solid base of ashlar masonry, murks their burial place. This monument, erected by the generous contributions of the workmen on the Victoria Bridge, in 1859, commemorates the sad event, and preserves from desecration the spot hallowed by such tragic memories." Wc cannot close the account of this dreadful event without inserting the poem of our own well-known writer, Mrs. Leprohon, on THK EMIGRANTS' MONl^MENT AT I'OINT SI'. CHARLE.S. KRECTED liV IIIE WORKMEN OF VKTORIA liRlUGE. A kindly thought — a generous deed ! Ye gallant sons of toil ! No nobler trophy could ye raise. On your adopted soil. Than this funeral stone to the good and brave, Who came to our shores but to find a grave. Like you they left their fatherland And crossed the ocean foam, To seek for themselves a new career. And make another home. But alas for hearts that had beat so high ! They reached the goal, but only to die. HISTt^RY OK MONTREAL. 87 Let no rich worldling dare to say, For tlicm why should we grieve ? JBut jjaupcrs came tliey to our shores, Rags, poverty, to leave. Kacli stalwart frame full of power and health, And eacli active arm was a mine of wealth. 'Twas a mournful end to day-dreams high, A sad and fearful doom, To excliange tiioir fever-stricken ships For the loathsome typhus tomb, .\nd ere they had glanced at our clear bright sky, In a stranger land breathe their dying sigh. The strong man in the ])rime of life, Struck down in one short liour ; Tlie loving wife; the rose-checked girl, Fairer tiian opening flower ; The ardent youth witii fond hopes elate — O'ertaken all by one coamion fate. Long since forgotten, here they rest, Sons of a distant land ; The epoch of their short career, Mere foot-prints on life's sand : But this stone will tell through many a year, They died on our shores and they slumber hcie. In January. 1847, Lord Fllgin arrived in Montreal as the newly appointed Gov- ernor-General of Canada. In January of nevt year, 1848, a great inundation took place, and nuich resem- bled the great flood of a few years ago. On the i8th of June, the largest bell in Canada was christened, an immense congregation of citizens being present at Notre Dame for the ceremony. Among the public buildings erected this year were the Reid Wing to the General Hospital, St. Andrew's Church, and the Protestant Orphan Asylum. The following is taken from my " History of the Montreal Prison from 1784 to 1887": During the Session of Parliament in 1849, ^ ^'^^ ^^'^•'' introduced and passed providing for the payment of losses sustained during the Rebellion. The British inhabitants were indignant that any such bill should have been introduced, and every means were taken to ])revent its passage through the House. When it had been passed, great anxiety was manifested as to whether it would receive the sanction of the Governor (General. On Wednesday, the 25th April, 1849, — '^^ ^'^V which will be B8 HISTOkV OK MOMRKAL. long noted in the ;innuls oT our city,-- Lord Kigin ])roceeded to llie rarlianient House to sanction tl^c new tariff, and other Acts. About five o'c:h)(:k in the afternoon he sanctioned a number of bills, and among tliem was the objectionable Rei)eIiion Bill- No sooner had tiie bill become law than the information was conveyed to the crowds in wailing outside of the building, and when His Kxcellency appeared he was re- ceived with groans and pelted with stones and eggs. The excitement was intense. Printed notices were ])osted in various parts of the city, calling a mass meeting to beheld inuiiedialely on the Champ de Mars, and by eight o'clock an innnensc num- ber of persons had assembled, when, after some strong resolutions had been passed, the cry was raisetl ''To the Parliament Buildinixs.'' ^P 'The liouse of Assembly was engaged in discussing the Judic.iture ]'>ill, when a loud shout gave the members warning that a riot was fomenting outside. A number of stones were now thrown through the windows, and in a short time there were but few squares of glass left unbroken in tiie whole range of the buildings. Hy this time the members had all retreated, when about a (If)zen jiersons entered the .Assembly Hall, and one of them ol the name of (Courtney boldly seated himself in the .Si)eaki;r's chair, and mutter'Ml something about dissolving iIk; I'arliament. The otiicrs then connnenced the work of demolishing all that came before them, sticks being thrown al the glass globes on the gasaliers whi( h were l)eyond their reach. The cry f)f hre was now raised, and it was discovered that the building had been fired by some of the mob. The fire spread with great rapidity, and in half-an-hour the whole building was wrapped in a sheet of (lame. No attemjitwas made to save the building, and the engines were only used u])on the surrounding property. liy this fire the valuable library, containing the archives and records of the colony for over a century, was completely di'stroyetl. 'I'he only article saved was the mace belonging to the J.ower House. The party who saved the mace carried it to Done- gani's Hotel, and delivered it to Sir .Allan McNab. The mob now proceeded to the residence of Mr. r.afonlaine, and set it on fire, but through the efforts of some of the citizens the (lames were e.vtinguished, but the whole of the furniture and library was completely demolished. Several t)llier houses, occupied by obnoxious members of the Parliament, were also destroyed. It was feared that the (lovernor might suffer from the violeme of the mob. He therefore left his residence at Monklands and remained in the city under the pro- tection of a military body. On the 26th. Messrs. Mack, Howard, I'crri;-. Montgomery ;uul Perry were arrested on the charge of arson, and were committed for trial. A crowoes not lliis seem amazing? Not more than ten or eleven years had ])a;-sed and these same annexalifjnists \V(.re Constitutionalists against the I'alriots oi iletely sustained by the Privy Council of England. When the case was opened on November 2nd, 1864, the (-ourt was crowded. Hon. Mr. Abbott, Q.C., Hon. Mr. Laflamme, Q.C., and Mr. Kerr, Q.C.. we.'e the lawyers wiio api)earcd for the St. Albans' raiders. Mr. Devlin, Q.C., apjieared for the United States Government, Mr. Johnson, Q.C., now Sir Francis Johnson, Ciiief Justice of the Court of Review, and Mr. Carter, Q.C., represented the Ciritish Minister at Wash- ington to the effect, that tlie American Executive had received warning of an in- tended Eenian raid into Canada along the frontier from Port Huron to St. A'ban's. Later on, information was received that the intended raid would not be made at the place indicated, but that all the Fenians were concentrating at Malone, a town on the north side of the Stale of New York and near to the frontier, and that they intended making a raid on St, .Armand and Frelighsburg. In consetiuencc of this information several frontier corps were oidered to hold themselves in readiness for immediate action, and by the end of the week all the battalions so ordered were under arms. From Montreal on the Monday following this information Muir's troop of Cavalry was ordered, and they arrived at Huntingdon on Tuesday after- noon. Col. Chamberlain had already gone to Missisquoi to bring out the force under his command, whilst a large force was collected of the Volunteers in Montreal. During the following week the streets of Montreal appeared gay with marching troops and sounds of martial music from the many bands which were moving to and from the execution of their military duties. Rumors were plentiful, but not until H. M. (j. Majesty's Birthday following were the rumors turned into fact. The celebration of the Queen's Birthday was interrupted by a call for the Regulars and Volunteers to move to the front. Word was received that the I'enians were massing both at St. Alban's and Malone, as well as in Upper Canada on the Niagara frontier, and also at the Town of Prescotl. St. Johns and Frelighsburg were at once well garrisoned by troops from Montreal, Fort Wellington at Prescotl was garrisoned by the Ottawa Volunteers, and every thing was done to protect the frontier of Canaua from the lawless raljble. U'he day after the (Queen's Birlhday. viz., 25111 May, a band of over two hundred of these misguided men, under the command of one O'Neil, crossed the frontier and entered Canada, trying to effect a lodgment at J'igeon Hill. Many hundreds of Fenians were in and about St. Alban's during this time. Also there were large bodies of them arrived at Malone and elsewhere. 'I'he proclamation of General G.. lit. the President of the United St-^.tes, rather disconcerted their plans, whilst on the nii'Miing of the 26th, a finely equipped little army of itself in the shape of the Prince Consort's Own Rifles (Regulars) of seven hundred strong, under command ij6 HISTORY OF MONTREAl,. of Lord A. Russell, and accompanied by Prince Arlluir, went by special train to Si. Johns, where the Volunteers had preceded them, (ieneral Lindsay assumed com- mand of the whole. Col. Smilli with a detachment of the 6oth arrived at Stan- bridge, and left early next morning with Col. Chamberlains Corps for Cook's C(>rners, the old I'eiiian camping ground. When they arrived there, they foimd that the Homeguard was already on the spot, recruited only the day before by Col. Weslover. and a few other loyal and spirited farmers and gentlemen living on the borders, who took upon themselves the iluty of defendinj; their hejrtlis and homes, waiting the arrival of regular troops. General Lindsay disposed of all his forces at the best available spots, but it was only here that any lighting took place, as all the f)ther bands of Fenians tied when- ever they were opposed to the regular troops of Her Majesty or the Car.adian Vol- unteers. All along the frontier at Cook's Corners, the Fenians had scattered their arms and ammunition in their hurry, ami it is supposed on good authority that over a thousand men were at this time either on Canadian soil or near it in the frontier. Disregarding the proclamation of the Government of the United .States, and the Marshal then there recpiestnig him not to proceed, O'Neil with Donnelly, his second In command, crossed the lines into Canada. The Homeguards were posted on the hill side, about five hundred yards from the American line. On the Queen's Birth- day and on the follt>\ving morning they were joined by a portion of the forces under Col. Smith and Lieut. -Col. Chamberlain. 'J'he whole number of the Canadian troops did not here exceed seventy men, though anii)le reserves were in waiting at ])oints near at hand. About noon the Fenians moved onwards, and actually m a body crossed the lines. The liurlington (V^t.) Company of Fenians dashed down to form a skirmish line across a little brook that flowed between the combatants. The moment they crossed, the Homeguards and others opened fire, one man was instantly killed and others wounded. The Fenians wavered and fell back. Another company tried and too receded, and it so resulted that, from the sharp firing of the Canadians, no Fenian dared to approach the bridge, and all fell into confusion and a stampede. In the afternoon they again attempted to cross, losing one man killed and several wounded, though the actual number could never be ascertained. O'Neil and the other leaders were then taken prisoners by the L'. S. Marshal and driven off to St. Alban's Gaol. Thus collapsed the Fenian raid of 1870 at Cook's Corners. On the 21st November, 1872, the ceremony of formally presenting to the city the statue of Our (rracious Majesty tiie Queen was performed by Lord Dufferin, the Governor General. In 1873, Sir George E. Cartier died in London, and his funeral in Montreal was the largest ever seen in the city. The expenses of his obsequies were borne by the Dominion Government. In 1875, the Guibord burial case occasioned some ill-feeling in Montreal, btit by the energetic action of Dr. Kingston, the Mayor, all passed off without any actual disturbance. IlISTURY OF MONIRKAL. 97 In Movcmber, 1878, the Marquis of Lome and the Princess T,oi'ise arrived in the ciiy. (ircat rejoicings showed tiie wclcoine which every one gave to tlie (Jiieen's daughter. During the jjasl ten or twelve years, tlie city has steadily increased, and its boun- daries are extending in every direction. Among the |)rin(;i|)al items and events of the past few years may be mentioned the Kiel RebeUion in the North West, wiien two MtMitrcal regiments were sent to tl-.e scene of the ujirising — tiie (larrison Artil- lery and the 65th ; the first an English, the second a l''ren 'i-(Janadian ciMjis. During the summer of [885, the Small-ro.v epidemic was of such magnitude that several thousand fell victims to its scourge, the mosi noted being the late well- known politician, Honorable Sir Francis Hincks. Tlie execution of Louis Riel, after the close of the Rebellion, caused great excitement in Montreal, hapijiiy without any serious outbreak, although thousands met on the Champ de ALirs and passed condemnatory resolutions. A greai bridge, built by the C. P. Railway, has been erected at l.achiiu; within the past fi.w years, and Lord Mount Stephen and Sir Donald Smith's magnificent gilt of tiie jubilee Victoria Hosiiital isnow,at the beginning of 1.S92, rapidly approaching completion. Some magnificent buildings (»f all kinds luive lieen erected in Montreal within the past year or two; and if the inhabitants only stand by their mott(j — which is recorded in the title page of this History — shoulder to shoulder, their city will yet be, not the seventh, as it now is, but the tourth in size of all the cities on the Ameri- can Continent, when the first decade of the twenlietii century has come and gone. PART II. TME Biographical Gazetteer of Montreal. In- the arrangement of the following Biographies there is no significance of i)osiii()n tu l)e attached to any one. An alphabetical list could not have been completed without waiting loo long on the publication of the work, seeing the Author might iiavc to wait for a sketch u\ the letter A or I! long after he had those of M or W complete. A full Index will obviate all difficulty in the matter. A little prominence may have been given at the commencement of the Gazetteer, but that could not be helped. What the AuJior has particularly striven to do is, so to jiiace the photo- engravings througliout the work, that noti( es of different families will follow each other in succession. 'J'hese engravings will add much both to the beauty and the value of the Book. A few photo-engravings of Montreal l.adies are also interspersed. Considerable prominent e is given to the female writers and singers of Montreal, as in a work of this kind they should be honorably mentioned as well as the male writers, poets and savants. In connection with these Biographies a vast amount of information, not gen- erally known, will be made public, and the whole will form a galaxy of the most prominent Montreal ci'izens, from the founding of the City in 1642 to the present day. 100 riA/KTlKIK OK MDN! KKAl.. These Biograpliics hivv(.! Iicrii ciilici ciillfd tiuin \.irii>u>, books previously priiUcd, oi lu.uK: u|i fioin imtc^ (,'ivcii by tlir parties iheinsclvos lo tlic Aiilliui. f'liicl anion- iIr- l)()oks consulted and c>\tia( ted trom arc M(;rgan's " Cclohrutcd Cana- dians," "'llif C.'.inadian Hioprajjliicil I )ii ofSt. ( Kdniel Chnrt.h," and l.aieau's " Lilleiratiire ('anadicnne." riu' Author nilended to ])riiit the volume in double column, bui finds di il single column is preferable foi the work. tlA/KITEKR OK MONTREAL. lOI HUN. JAMK.S M( SHANK, M P.P. M.WDK or MoMUK.vi.. 'I'm subject of our sketch is one of the few ikuucs in tliis (iA/EiiKKR whose biith- place is Montreal. He w:is horn in St. Joseph sireet, now Nutre Dame, in 1834, a short time alter liis piuenls. janics and Kllcn NTcShanc, raine from the county Armagli, Ireland. His mother died a few months atlcr he vvus l)orn, of cholera, whu h was raging iiere at that period. His father died hut a few years ago, at the advanced age (jf eighty-seven, after having lived some fifty-four years in this city. I'lu- Mayor went to school until about fifteen years of age if) Mr. Daniel .Mahoney, a good old Irish master, one of the leadmg teachers at that lime, many of whose pupils have since distinguished themselves, and whu have held ami occupied leading positions all over tht- rountry. Mr. McShane afterwards linislu'd hi.s studies ;il the Sulpician College, then situated on College street, but which has since been transferred to that magnificent edificeon Sherbrooke sireet west. He began business early in hfe, at about eighteen years of age. with his father, who Wcis then the most extensive cattle dealei, packer and exporter of meals in Montreal, i'iiey had the contract for supplies to the .Mian line and other steamers coming to our port, and also supplied Her .Majesty's troops for about four years previous to their departiu'e from Canada. About 1S70 lie retired from this business, when he began operating largely (on St. Kranyois Xavier street) in Moiitreal Hank and other local stocks, besides carrying on an extensive business in Kvw ^'o^k slocks and in Chicago ])ork and grain, in which business he is still engaged. In September, 1874, he, with Mr. Roddick, of Liverpool, began the .shipping of cattle from Canada and the United Slates to England, being the pioneers of a trade which has grown since to such immense proportions, and which is now classed arnongsl the largest ex])orts of the country. He lias had as many as ten to fifteen steamers on the Atlantic at one time, loaded with cattle. The honorable gentleman was an alderman of Montreal, representing St. Ann's Ward for over twenty years, and has occiii)ied many prominent positions in the City Council : chairman of City Hall and Market Committees, member of the Roads, Finance and other important Committees. He is at present a member of the Chicago and Montreal Boards of Trade, member of the Montreal Harbor Board, director of St. Bridget's Asylum, a governor of the Montreal (leneral Hospital, member of tiie Provincial Legislature for Montreal West and Centre since 1877, having twice been elected by acclamation, in 1887 and 1890. In 1887, at the downfall of the Conservative Government at Quebec, he was called by the Mercier Adminis. tration to accept the portfolio of Minister of Pidjlic Works and Agriculture, which position he held for nearly two years, but retired fiom it as he did not agree with a certain element of the Cabinet. In politics Mr, McShane is a strong Liberal — one of the old school. While Minister of Public Works he provided and gave out immense work to the poor of 102 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. Quebec during tlic hard winters of 1887 .ind 1888. He is as popular in Quebec as in Montreal. He is a born i^olilician, faithful to his friends, and his popularity and success are due, amongst other reasons, to thai liberality of disposition which en- ables him by the generosity of his acts to win the esteem of every one with whom he comes in contact. It is this same trait of character which has made him so many staunch friends. He is so ready to oblige the man who has recently voted against and op- posed him, that it can be instanced in thousands of cases where those who had been for years ranged against, now think with and vote u\)on the same side as the Honorable Member for Montreal Centre. In all his transactions through life his word once given has never been broken, and in dealing with the pcoi)le as a busi- ness man, he has treated Conservative and l,iberal alike. No man was kept out of work on account of his jjoiitics when he appealed to him. His reputation is not alone confined to the city of which he is chief magistrate, but he is well known in England, in the United States and throughout Canada as a man of broad and liberal views. He has always been an ardent and fearless cham- pion for the masses, and he is, perhaps, more widely known as the " People's Jimmy." In Parliament, when Montreal's interests were ever contirned, he has always been faithful to his native city, even against his own party ; and the people of Mont- real, irrespective of creed or parly, recognizing his ability, outspoken honesty, vigor and earnestness, called upon him last year to accept the highest honor at their bestowal, that of the Mayoralty. Mr. McShane, acceding to the request of his fellow- citizens, came forward as a candicate for tlial important office, and, although ojiposed byai)owerful and popular man, Ex-Mayor Grenier, he received the largest majority (nearly 6000 votes) ever given to a Montreal Mayor. The ])la!form he laid down when a candidate he has carried out to the very letter, opi)using jobbery and corruption in all departments of civic ii.hninistration. Close and assiduous attention to the public weal has given him a name that has come to few in our midst. In his position as Mayor of Montreal he has shown himself to be a liberal and gracious host to the visitors from England and the United States and Canada, and in thus discharging his social duties he has done credit to his city and its people. The large daily levees which he holds are an evidence of the confi- dence reposed in !iim by all classes. The poor people go there to consult him on their temporal troubles. His kindness to the distressed is cliaracteristic, and many a " God bless you " has been showered upon him. He has always devoted a great deal of his time and attention to all charitable institutions of whatever denomi- nation. His presence has conduced in a great degree to their success, and they have all had occasion to remember Mayor McShane's magnetic influence at their festivities and reunions. Mr. McShane was married twice : first in 1863 to Elizabeth Jane Darragh of Montreal ; she died on 26th June, 1867, leaving one child ; and in January, 1868, he married Miss Josephine Kathleen Mirom, of Plattsburg, New York, U.S.A.; but GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. IO3 though of Plattsburg, she has the old French blood within her veins. Mrs. McShane, whose beautiful artotype is at the head of this sketch with her husband's, is one of the best known ladies in the social circles of Montreal. And there is this to be said besides, that although her domestic duties are of course those of every mother and housekeeper, she nevertheless never shirks from appearing publicly when her hus. band has officially to appear in gatherings of all nationalities and demonstrations. And of all the ladies who have, in the past, graced the position of consorts to the Mayors of Montreal, none have done more, none have appeared to better advantage, none have so effectually realized what a mayor's wife should be — i)ublicly and pro- fessionally — than Mrs. McShane, llie accomplished wife of the j)resent Mayor of Montreal. DE maisonneuvl:. Paul Chomedv De Maisonneuve was the founder of the City of Montreal in 1642, where he had already settled some French colonists, and was appointed Gov- ernor. In 1647, he was advanced to the governorship of the whole Province, and succeeded in getting M. D'Aillebout appointed in his stead, when he retired. A pension was conferred upon him by the Seminary of Paris, in consequence o^ his important services to the Church of Rome in Canada. After a lapse of nearly 250 years Maisonneuve appears to appeal to his fellow citizens as the founder of their city. A monument is to be erected to his memory in Place d'Armes, and aided too by the Corporation of the City by a substantial grant. No man deserves more of his countrymen than he, as the first Governor and founder of Montreal, and all nationality is laid aside in the monument to be erected to the memory of him who began the city and made it what it now is — the Commeicial Elmporium of Canada. Much of the life of Maisonneuve is given in the History of Montreal, in the first part of this book. He well deserves all the praise and public recognition which he is about to receive from his fellow citizens on this 250th anniversary or the 5th Jubilee of the foundation of Villi; Marie — Montreal. CHARLES LEMOYNE Was the ist Baron de Longueuil and among the very first persons born in the City of Montreal, having been born in this city loth December, 1656- On account of his bravery, chivalry and life, he has received the name of " Le Machabee de Montreal," in allusion to the brave family of the Machabees mentioned in the Apocrypha of the Bible. He distinguished himself in the war of Flanders, where he immortalized Canada and especially his native city by his heroic acts and military fame. Returning to Montreal he became in 1706 " Major de Montreal." In 1683 he married a niece of one of the first priests of the city. He rendeied such great service to the Province at the siege of Quebec, 1690, where he was wounded, also in the Iroquois War, that Louis XIV created him a Baron with the above title. Afterwards he was successively Governor of Three Rivers in 1720 and of Montreal in 1724. I04 (iAZETTEER OF MONTKEAI,. He died jth June, 1729, at Montreal, and he had a magnificent funeral. A true Montrcaler — born, died and buried in it, one of whom all succeeding citizens may feel proud. CHEVALIER DE CALLIERES. Louis Hector de ^Callieres was a wise and prudent Governor of New France, and a gallant French military officer. Originally, he came from Torigny in Normandy to Canada, as a member of the Montreal Company, and afterwards became Governor of this place. He exhibited great wisdom during the war, and in his relations with the Iroquois, with whom he concluded a peace in 1701, at Montreal. He succeeded De Fronienac in the governme it of the country in 1698, and con- tinued to hold his appointment until 1703. Charlevoi.x does not hesit.ite to proclaim him one of the best generals Canada ever j)ossessed under Frencii luic. " LEMOINE DIBERVILEE '• Was a Canadian navigator, who began the colonization of Louisiana. Born in Montreal in 1642, he died in Havana, July 9, 1706. He was one of seven brothers, who were all active in Canadian affairs in the latter half of the seventeenth century. He early went to sea, and distinguished himself for bravery and ability as a volunteer in the midnight attack on Schenectady ; as commander of the expedition which recovered Fort Nelson from the British (1686), and with it the control of the Indian commerce of the region of Nelson's river ; as a successful invader of the English possessions in Newfoundland, and as a victor in naval contests (1697), in spite of icebergs and a shipwreck, in Hudson's Bay. He was reputed the most skilful naval officer in the service of France, when in 1698 he was commissioned by the French Government to explore the mouth of the Mississi])pi, which had never yet been entered from the sea, and to erect a fort near it. With two frigates, two smaller vessels, a company of marines, and about two hundred settlers, he set sail from Rochefort, October 17, 1698 ; was welcomed at San Domingo, found Pensacola preoccupied by Spaniards, and cast anchor, February 2, 1799, on the Island of Massacre, near Mobile. Accompanied by his brother, Lemoine de Bienville, a Franciscan, who had been a companion of La Salle, and forty-eight men, in two barges, and with provisions for fifteen days, he sailed thence to seek the Mississippi, which they entered 2nd March, and ascended to the village of the Bayagoulas. They also visited the Oumas, among whom they found a letter written by Tonty to La Salle, in 1684, and they probably reached the mouth of the Red River. Returning to the bay of Biloxi, Iberville erected a fort as a testimony of French jurisdiction, the command of which he entrusted to his two brothers, Sanville and Bienville. He himself sailed for France, but returned when the French supremacy on the Mis- sissippi was endangered by British aggression, and the French Protestant refugees were seeking there an asylum after their exile from France. He again ascended the GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. IO5 Mississippi (1700) as fiir as the country of the Nachez, while his brotlicr explored western Louisiana, crossed the Red R=ver, and approached New Mexico. Bilious fevers desolated the colonists at Biloxi ; Sanville was a victim to it, and the chief command devolved on Bienville; and when Iberville arrived with reinforcements, July 22, 1701, there were but one hundred and fifl. of them alive. Soon after, this fortress was transferred to the western bank of Mobile river, the first European settlement in Alabama. Iberville also constructed fortifications on the Island of Massacre, which he named Dauphinc island, and which became the centre of the colony. Attacked by the yellow fe\er, he escaped with broken health. In 1706, in command of three vessels, he made a descent upon the English Island of Nevis, which he captured ; and he died at Havana, on board of his ship, on llie eve of an expedition against Jamaica." CHA'lLbVOIX. " Pierre Fran(;ois Xavier Charlevoix, a celebrated traveller and writer, was a member of the Order of Jesuits, and was born at St. Quintin, in 1684. He was for several years a missionary in America, and more particularly in Canada. On his return he had a chief share in the '•'•Journal de l^ravaux " for twenty-four years. He died in 1761, greatly esteemed for his high moral character and extensive learn- ing. His works are: '•'■ Histoire et Description Cinerale du /upon" '■' Histoire Gcnerale de Paraguay," " Histoire de PIsle de St. Dominique,'' " Vie de Mere Marie de V Incarnation," and " Histore (Jinerale de la Nouvelle France.''' Of these, the latter is the most valuable, describing his own experience, and the manners and customs of native Americans. He is often quoted as a writer of good authority. His style is simple and unaffected." MARQUIS DE VAUDREUIL. "Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil, a Lieutenant-General in the French army, and Governor of New France for the space of several years. He was a brave soldier, and had distinguished himself at the siege of Valenciennes. He was sent to Canada as Commander of the Forces, and brought with him eight hundred men. With three hundred of these he went to the relief of Montreal during the massacre of Lachine, and served under De Frontenac in the grand expedition against the Iroquois. In 1690, he was engaged in the defence of Quebec against the attack of Admiral Phipps. Three years afterwards, he surprised and defeated La Chaudiere Noir, the most terrible and cunning of the Iroquois. But he gave up the military for the naval service, and in 1702, before inheriting his father's title, he obtained a seigniory, and was appointed Governor of Montreal. " He succeeded M. de Calli^res in the government of Canada in 1703. He was married at Quebec to Louise Elizabeth Joybert de Soulange, daughter of Chevalier Joybert de Soulange. This marriage was viewed with dissatisfaction by the French ministry, who did not wish him, nor any of their colonial governors, to ally them- selves with the residents. I06 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. '* He displayed great activity in 1710, in rhe defence of Quebec — the expense of which, however, was mainly borne by its inhabitants ; and he made preparation for the relief of Montreal. "After the accession of Louis XV, he effected in the colony numerous reforms, which were much required, and the most important were those of improved educa- tion and civilization. He died at Quebec on the loth of October, 1725, universally regretted by the people of the colony. His administration was tranquil ; and his measures, whether civil or warlike, were usually crowned with success." MARQUIS DE BEAUHARNOIS. *' Charles, Marquis de Beauharnois, succeeded M. de Vaudreuil in the gov- ernment of New France in 1726, and held that appointment for more than twenty years — a fact which goes far to prove his fitness and capacity for such a high office. He was Commodo.e in the Royal Navy of France, in which he had gained distinctic«n in bygone years, and had filled some important posts besides. '• During the long and critical period in which he exercised the gubernatorial functions in Canada — although inundations and earthquakes, death, famine, war and sickness prevailed and had to be contended with — the French ministry had never cause either to reproach him for remissness of duty, or correct him in his general administration of affairs, except once, when he took jjart in the quarrel between the Clergy and the Cliapter on the occasion of the collision of those parties relative to the burial of the body of Bishop de Valli^res. " In consequence of the sanguinary inroads which the Outagamis were making on the unprotected colonists throughout the country, he found it necessary, during the early part of his administration, to give a sudden and decided check to their pro- ceedings. A small army was organized, composed of the colonists, who pursued the savages as far as where the City of Chicago now stands, and the Mississippi. They met in with the Indians, and signally defeated them ; besides destroying their huts and plantations, they indeed nearly exterminated the cruel and unrelentless red men of the tribe of the Outagamis, while they avenged the death of their countrymen. It was a just retribution. " When war was declared between England and France, and the conquest of Canada and the other French colonies resolved 01. by the former, and when only a small and feeble force was at his disposal, he fortified and strengthened the several weak positions of the country, and founded the impregnable Crown Point. By his representations and entreaties, he at length prevailed on the French Ministry to send an expedition to recapture Cape Breton, and to drive the English from the West Indies. Had this expedition been commanded by a rompetent and able officer, great damage would certainly have been done to our sea and hnid forces. As it happened, the French fleet was annihilated by fierce and violent storms, which the inexperienced D'Auville was unable to contend against. Beauharnois was succeeded in 1746 by M. de la Jonquiere." MRS. McSHANK. OAZEITKER OK MONTREAL. 107 MARQUIS T)E VAUDREUIL. "PiKr.RK Francois, Maniuis dc Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, was ilu- last (lovenior of Canada iiiuler French domination, and undoubtedly one of the best. He was a son of the former dovernor of New France of the same name, and was l)orn at (^)uebcc in 1698. Having joined the military service he rose to the rank of Major in the Marine Corps. In 1733 he was appointed Ciovernor of Three Rivers, and in 1743 of Louisiana, in both of which situations he was greatly popular. In 1 74^^ he suc- ceeded to his father's title; and in 1755 was elevated to the higli and responsible appointment of Oovernor of x\'ew France, — an appointment, which, if Montcalm and he had acted in concert, and the former had paid more attention to the i)lans of the latter, he would certainly have held foi a much longer i)eriod than he did. The jealousy — or rather, the contempt — with which Montcalm regarded M.de Vaudreuil and his valuable suggestions, certainly tended, in a great measure, to hasten the downfall of the French nation in America. M. de Vaudreuil ever studied the wel- fare of Canada, and was devotedly attached to his sovereign. He would rather have died and sac-ificed all he possessed, than tarnish the glory and honor of the arms of his country. He was a true Frenchman, bold and energetic in his measures, and yet wise and judicious in carrying them out. This was clearlv manifested when he capitulated to Amherst at Montreal, notwithstanding the intention of the valorous De Levis to hold out with his scanty forces to the last; a determination which De Vaudreuil saw was hopeless, and would involve the needless destruction of Montreal, and the loss of many valuable lives. He therefore pursued the wisest, and indeed the only course open to him, and no one can justly impeach his loyalty or patriotism in so doing. '' After his return to France he was imprisoned in the Bastille on some r'^arges preferred against him by the friends of Montcalm, but a trial before the Chatelet de Paris exonerated him from these, and t'roni all blame in his administration of the affiiirs of Canada. He was released from imprisonment, but stripped of nearly all his worldly possessions. He died in 1764." GENERAL THOMAS GAGE " Was the last Ciovernor of Massachusetts by the King of England. He accompanied General Braddock to America, and was present when that officer was killed. In 1760 he was made Governor of Montreal, and in 1763 was appointed Commander- in-Chief of the British Forces in North America, in succession to treneral Amherst. In 1774 he was appointed Governor of Massachusetts, in which office he rendered himself very obnoxious to the people by his arbitrary proceedings; and in the following year the Frovincial Congress disqualified him from serving as Governor. Soon after he returned to England, where he died in 1787." I08 (MZEITKRR OK MONTREAL. DUC DE LEVIa. "Marshal Di;c dk Levls, although only ' Chevalier de Levis' during the time he fought under Montcahii in this country, held the rank of second in com- mand. He was a most brave and chivalrous general, whom (larneau declares superior in many res|iects to Montcalm; horn in 1720 at the Chateau d'Anjac en Languedoc, the same birthplace as Levy de Ventadour, who was Viceroy of New France in 1625. He liad early adopted the military ])rofession, to which he was an honor and a credit ; he energetically mastered every difficulty that lay in his way or obstructed the fulfil- ment of his desire to become a perfect soldier; and the result showed how well he had accomi)lished the task wl-.ich he had imposed on himself. He took part al the battle of CariUon, where he commanded the right division ; as also at Montmorenci, where the French repulsed Wolfe in his endeavor to gain the fortified camp that covered (Quebec. He was, however, absent at Montreal when the first battle of Quebec was fought ; and therefore, when Montcalm fell, could not take the command. This was an unfortunate circumstance for the French, as they had no one in whom they could place so much confidence as in their recognized leader, De Levis ; the army, consequently, fell into confusion, and the F-nglish gained the victory. At the second battle of Quebec, which took place near St. Foy, and where he had gathered the remnant of the French army with the ostensible purpose of wresting Quebec from Murray's hands, he commanded, and achieved a victory over Murray ; but this so-called victory was not so complete as to i)revent the latter from holding the city. De Levis, elated by his success, still ki:\)t near Quebec until sprirg, when, on reinforcements arriving from F^ngland, he had to beat a hasty retreat to Montreal ; and even there he would have held out aganist the F'.nglish until the very last, had not De Vaudreuil wisely capitulated. He returned to France and again sought active service. In 1762 we find him at the battle of Johannisbourg, where the Prince of Cond6 obtained a signal victory over the forces of Prince Ferdinand. In 1783, the Government of Artois, as a reward for his services, created him a French Marshal, and in the next year, a Duke and Peer of France. He died in 1787, whilst endeavor- ing to uphold the State of Arras." HISHOP PLESSIS. "Joseph Octave. Plessis was the greatest man who ever occupied the Roman Catholic Episcopal seat at Quebec since Francois de Laval Montmorency. M. Plessis was the first Canadian Bishop who ever visited Rome, and the first ever appointed by the Crown to be a member of the Legislative Council. He was born at Montreal, 3rd March, 1762. He was ordained a priest at Quebec nth March, 1786. From time to time, he was employed as Professor of Humanity, at the Col- lege of St. Raphael, also as Secretary to the Bishop of Quebec and Curate of the Capital. On the 6th September, 1797, he was created Coadjutor to Bishop Denault, and obtained the royal acceptance through General Prescott ; but the venerable HON. JAMKS .McSIIAM-;, M \\(>u oi- Mdnthi; \i. (lA/ETTKKR OK MONTREAL. tO(; Poniiff, Pills \'I.. Ii.iviiij^ hccii dragged into capiivily, after his (IlmiIi. llie ('hurcli remained for some time wilhoul a cliief. 'I'lic nomination of MoHheigneui l'lcv«is, wliich had been long expected, hctame one of tiic first acts of the Komaii I'ontitf I'iusN'II. A bull, (iaied sMli April, iHoo, appointed Iiim llishoj) of Canatte in I'ali'Stine, with the sMccjssion to the seat at (Jucbcc, lie was consccratcii on tin' 35th January, icSoi, and employed himself (hiring his coadjutorship in lonndmg the ( ollege at Nicolct as well as primary schools at Quel)e<:. Me succeeded Monseign.ur Dcnaiilt, and look possession of his seat on the 17th January, 1806. in him was to be seen a Hi.ihoj) allt)gether loyal, firm, of good policy, with ;ui ability much needed in iiis relations with certain rulers. 'J'he I'litish ( iovcMiimem hesitated to place in him that contidence which he afterwards accpiired. I'luler I'revosl, Plessis began to reap the fruits of his services, and triumphed, at least jiartially, in the opposition raised against the provincial ordinance of 1791, since Sir dcorge I'revosl acknowl- edged his title of Roman Catholic Hishop of Quebec. lb- was called by the Crown to the Legislative (!ouncil in iSiS, and in this honnrable position he proved him- self to be a loyal and patriotic Senator. In i8ji, when the majority of the Legisla- tive Council resolved not to concur in any bill from the Lower House, relative to the Civil List, 111 which special items would be contained, this prelate, as well as Judge Olivier rerrault, dissented therefrom, and declared that thi. said resolution was pre- mature, too general, and did not contain a precise specification of the objects com- prised under the head of the Civil List. This indefatigable Bishop meditated the erection of all the l-inglish Colonies into one ecclesiastical province, of which Quebec should be the metropolis. He left for Hngland and Rome in 1819. In considera- tion of eminent services wliich he had rendered to Liigland, during the I'rench Revolution, and during the War of 1812, as J.egislative Councillor, he met with a kind and hearty recei)tion from Lord lialhurst, with whom he had several interviews, and was his guest at his country seat. Although he could not obtain his consent to the appointment of an archbishop at ()uebec, nor to that of bishops for Montreal and Kingston, he was allowed district bishops at Kingston, Red River, and in the Lower Province ; their bulls not only denominated them au.xiliaries, but suffragans to the iJishap of Quebec, and they were thus assimilated to other metropolitan bishops of the first centuries of the Church, before the title of archbishop was known. With respect to Nova Scotia, the Sovereign Pontiff had placed there a vicar-apostolic. It was Monseigneur Edmund lUirke, e.\-grand vicaire to Plessis, who consecrated him in 1818, prior to his departure for Europe. He returned to Quebec on the 16th August, 1820, and was received with great demonstrations of respect and affection by the inhabitants of Quebec. FK was accompanied by the Abbe Lartigue, named suffragan and au.xiliary for the district of Montreal, where Monseigneur Hubert had already tried to have an E]>iscopal See erected. He consecrated him in the ancient Parochial Church in 1821. The mandate of installation, issued by Monseigneur Plessis, accorded to the suffragan's auxiliaries the same honors as to himself. He died at the General Hospital in Quebec, on the 4th December, r825, aged sixty-two 110 (.A/EITKEK Oif MONI'KKAI.. years and nine months. lie was l>iiricd on the 7th, with ;ill the religions and civil honors ; tSe troopb ot the garrison lining the road of the funeral procession, and Lord Dalhoiisie fullovring with his staff and the principal men of rank in Uic Province. His colhn was placed in the sanctuary of the Cathedral, under the spot where grand mass IS usually celeliratcd. His heart was deposited in the wall of one of the chapels of the C^linrch uf St, Roch, and a moiuMucnt of niarhlc was erected near ii. A marble tombstone was also erected ou the jnd 1 )e(;eml)ti , 183,^, in the sanctuary of the Cathedral, above his tomb. 'I'he correspondence of tiiis prelate, which is most important, is preserved, and a series of Latin sermons for the union of the clergy." HON. PIKKkK I-. I' A NET "Was a distinguished member of the fJar of Lower Canada, and rose to be mem- ber of the I'.xecutive Council, and to be elevated as one of the Judges of the Court of King's Bench for the District of Montreal. He died of an ajjoplectic fit on the 3rd Pcceinber, 1H12. A journal of the day. recording his demise, said: — 'in him his associates on *!■ . Bench will iiavo to lament a coadjutor second to none in ability, knowledge and integrity ; his family, a parent and friend, whose character was their honor, protection and e.\aiu[)le ; and the conununity an individual, whose virtue and services as a judge and lucniber of the Legislature of t'.iis Province, and whose humanity and benevolence in every relation of life, have entitled him to their highest rei,pcct and gratitude.' " A. O. UERTHKl.ET Was born in Montreal, 25th May, 179S, and married in 1822 Angelique, daughter of M. L. Chaboillez, N.P., a name well-known in those days, and after whom Cha- boillez Square, in this city, is called. From 1839 he occupied himself with doing works of charity. Under the direction of Bishop Bourgel (afterwards Archbishoj)) he employed the greater part of his immense fortune in doing good to his fellow men. He founded the Hospice of St. Joseph for orphans, also I'Asile du Bon Pas- teur. \Vith others, he greatly aided the Asile de la Prcn'idence. He founded in great i)art the Convent of the .Soeurs de la Misericorde. His great work was the founding of the Reformatory for Boys, at a cost of $100,000, also buying a farm at Longue Pointe to attach it to the institution He was elected to Quebec Parliament in 1832, and by l^ord Sydenham in Special Council. He always endeavored to per- form all duties of his office with honesty and precision. He was President of the Committee of Pontifical Zouaves in 1868, and received the Cross of Commander of the Order of Pius IX. He died 25th September, 1872, at seventy-four years of age. His funeral was attended by an immense concourse of citizens; two bishops, Mon- seigneur Bourget and Monseigneur Vinet, being present. I.ADV MOrxr STKIMIICN. GAZtTTEEU OF MONTREAL. IH LORD MOUNT STEI'IIliN. (Ieoroe, Loud Mount Stephen, forinr.ily Sir (ieorge Stcplieii, was born at iHiffiown,. lianff. Scolland, 5th June, 1829. He conimeiiccd liis business life in the town of Aberdeen. Afterwards lie went to liOndon. where his business education was com- pleted. In iS;,o, at twenty-one years of age, he came to Canada, where, in Montreal,, he entered into arrangements with his cousin, the late William Stephen. After three years, he was given a partnership in the business. The elder Mr. Stephen dying in 1862, the subj;;ci of tliis sketch purchased his cousin's interest in the t)i'siness, and began on a large scale the manufacture of cloth. Proving highly lucnitive, lie with- drew from the wholesale busmess and devoted himself entirely to manufacturing. He was elected a Director of the H.ink of .Montreal, and in 1876 was made Vice- President. When David Torrance died, he was made President. At this lime he give m :ch attention to ceitain railways in the Far West, and which led to his con- ne 112 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. sixty years ago, when looking on his hoy of two yoars old in " Bonnie Scotland," that he would live to see him a Peer of the greatest Empire ever existing in the world — a Pear of that Realm on which the sun never sets. But truth every day is stranger than fiction, and it all points to the fact that what has been done in the past may be accomplished in the future, and there may be some Saxon or Celt in Montreal at the present day who in the coming twentieth century will also make his mark (like the subject of this sketch) among the nations of the earth, and his praise throughout his native land. In the slow passage of such a large work as this through the press many events take place which if possible must be either in.-;erted in notes at the end of the volume or by inserted leailets. N"ot long after the deach of Lord Mount Stepiien's father, his mother also died, and the two people, with only a short time between theirdeaths, now lie peacefully in Mount Royal Cemetery. " Where the wicked cease from troubling, And the weary are at rest." BISHOl' LARTIGUE. "This most estimable and learned divine, J. J. Lartigue, was born at Montreal, on the 20th of June, 1777. He was named by Pope Pius VII., on the ist February, 1820, Bishop of Felmessa in Lycia, and suffragan bishop to the Bishop of Quebec for the district of Montreal. He was consecrated in the Parochial Church of Mont- real, by His Grace Bishop Plessis, on the 21st January, iSar. He labored hard during 1837-8 to allay the agitated feelings of hi.s people, and was most useful during that troublous time. He died on the i6th April, 1840," HON. JOHN YOUNG Was born in Ayr, Scotland, 4th March, 181 1. He taught school for some time near Ayr, but in 1826 emigrated to Canada. In 1835, he entered into partnership with David Torrance, of Quebec. Removing to Montreal he joined Harrison Stephens in business. No man was more imbued with a lovc for developing Montreal than John Young. In 1851, he was chosen Commissioner of Public Works, in the Hincks-Morin Cabinet, and retired Irom ill-health in 1857. In 1872, he was elected for Montreal West, for the House of Commons. In two years he gave up political life and devoted himself to the interests of Montreal. He was President of the Board of Trade, for years one of the Harbor Commissioners, and after doing as much as any man had ever done for develo])ing the growth of his adopted city, he died on the 1 2th April, 1878, universally mourned by all classes of the community and city which lie had so greatly loved and so faithfully served. SIR noNAI.I) SMITH, M.I' (;azeiteer or MONTREAL. 113 SIR DONALD A. SMITH. The subject of this sketch, remarkable for his generosity and gifts to Montreal, was born in Morayshire, Scotland, 1821. He came to Canada when quite a youth. There is no living man so identified with the Northwest Territories of Canada and the Hudson Buy Company as Sir Donald Smith. E;irly in life he entered the employ of the Hudson Bay Company, and rose gradually from post tu post til' he became a Director and afterwards i'rcsident. Governor and Chief Commissioner of that vast concern. In 1S70, he was appointed an Executive Councillor of the Northwest Territories and one of the Commissioners to incjuire into the reasons of the insur- rection of 18^19-70. He has had an active life, and has been connected with the Mitchell Steamship Company, the Bank of Montreal, of which he is now the esteemed President, and the Railway Equi[)mcnt and Stock Comjjany. He repre- sented Winnipeg from 187 1 to 1874 in tlie Manitoba Assembly, wiien he resigned,, in order to confine his attention to the House of Commons. He was returned for Manitoba on its admission into the Union in 187 i, re-elected in 1874, and again in 1878. At present he is the worthy member for Montreal West in the House of Com- mons of Canada, Sir Donald Smith was the last resident Governor of the Hudson Bay Company, and has been greatly connected with the Canadian Pacific Railway from its com- mencement. When the last spike of that celeb' xted railway was driven in on the 7th November, 1885, at Craigallachie, B.C., Sir Donald Smith was present. His house in Montreal is one of the finest private residences in the city. His munificent gifts to McGill College are still fresh in the public mind, and especially that of the " Donalda College " for women, entirely purchased and equipped by him. He is justly a Governor of McGill, which he has so much benefitted. The crowning act of Sir Donald's is in conjunction with Lord Mount Stephen of their princely gift for building and endowing the "Victoria Jubilee Hospital." Perhaps, among all the thousands of the gifts to Her Majesty on her auspicious Jubilee, none were so costly or princely as that one of Lord Mount Stephen and Sir Donald Smith. The writer, when looking at the vast variety of these gifts exhibi.eu from every land and shore in the Glasgow Exposition of 1888, could not but feel proud of his adopted country, Canada, and a wave of national pride passed through his bosom when he looked upon the hand-made socks and mitts and the scarfs and mufilers knitted by old palzied hands of ''Scottish birth and Scottish name" among those gifts, and then thought of the grand Christian cosmopolitan one of the "Jubilee Hospital of Montreal." "Show me thy faith by thy works." Christ went about ever doing good. All manner of disease He cured, and the man or men who devote their energy and means to do the same, receive a better testimony than they who give their all to advance their family and name. The great command of the Christian religion is — " to love thy neighbor as thyself." All praise, then, to the two citizens of Montreal who have so grandly exemplified these words of the Evangel. 8 114 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. Upon the whole, the career of Sir Donald Smith has been marked by individual generosity and public gratitude, by fine abilities and the highest sense of public in- tegrity and honor. May he live long to dispense his gratitude and benevolence, and to him may tlie declaration at last be applied, " Well done," SIR JAMES CUAIG, K.CB., Was born at Gibraltar in 1750, where his father was botii civil and military judge- He chose the military profession, and, after an eventful career, was sent out to Quebec as (jovernor-in-Chief of British America. A disease, which was incurable, rendered - him imable to continue longer his command, so he retired and left (Canada, 19th June, 181 1. His name is perpetuated in Craig street, Montreal. He died January, 1.S12. Christie, in his History of Canada, thus describes him : — " He was of an agreeable countenance, and impressive ])resence, stout and rather below the middle stature ; manly and dignified in deportment, but social, polite and affable; positive in his opinions, and decisive in his measures. Although hasty in temper, he was, like most men who are so, far from implacable ; and, as we have seen, easily reconciled to those who may have incurred his displeasure. Hospitable and princely in his style of living, he was also munificent in his donations to public insti- tutions : and to charitable purposes, a generous patron ; and lastly, we vMaW mention, though not the least of his virtues, a friend to the poor and destitute, none of whom, applying at his threshold, ever went away unrelieved." CniEF-JUSTTCE SIR J. STUART, Bart., LL.D. " Sir James Stuart was the third son of Dr. John Stuart, a Clergyman of the Church of England at Fort Hunter, and afterwards Rector of Kingston. Sir James was born at Fort Hunter, on the Mohawk River, State of New York, on the 2nd of March, 1780. He went to the College at Windsor, in Nova Scotia, then the only Protestant collegiate institution in British North America. Having completed the ordinary course of study in that College at the unusually early age of fourteen, he became, in 1749, a student-at-law with Mr. Reid, then Prothonotary of the Court of King's Bench at Montreal, with whom he remained four years. In 1798, he entered the office of the late Jonathan Sewell, then Attorney-General, and afterwards Chief-Justice of Lower Canada, and was called to the Bar 28th of March, 1801. Before being called, however, he received |from Sir Robert Shore Milnes, Lieutenant-Governor of Lower Canada, the appointment of assistant-secretary, which he retained for several years, practising at the same time his profession at Quebec. In 1805, at the early age of twenty-five, he was appointed Solicitor-General for Lower Canada, and removed to Montreal, which was the usual station of the Incum- bent of that office. OAZETTKKR OF MONTREAL. II5 At tlic ( ieiicral Klectioiis in rSoH. he was rt-'tiirnt-d tj represent the comity of M'»iiireal. .nul also the cDuniy of lim kinghani, anil ck'f;l.ire(l his ()])lion to sit for ■Mi)nti-o,il. In iSoo. in conseqnence of some difference with the Executive, lie was removed from the oltice of Sohcilor-Cienenil He remuix'd ;v member of the Assem- hlv until 1817. when he withdrew for ii lime Irom political life. In December, 1H22, he was sent to KngUmd as the delegate of the Jhilish inhabitants of the city and county of Montreal, to advocate the re-union of l^ijicr and Lower Canada, under one legislature ; and, while in Mngland advocatmg that measure, he was offered by the Jiritisii (lovernment the office of Attnrney-rieneral for !,ower Canada, whic h he a( lepted. and lu whi( h he was formally api)oiiited in In 1.S27, he was appcnnled a member of ih" Mveculive Coun( il, -.iwd elected a member of the I'ri)Vini:ial Parlianii'nl fur Sorel. In Man h, iS,?!, in C()nse(|iu;iice of the part which he held it his dutv to t ike in the puliiiial struggle of the day, he was suspended from office by Lord Aylmer, the then (iovernor-Ceneral, which suspension the Colonial Minisiei (Lord Coderich) thought it expedient to advise the Crown to confirm, in Xovember, 1832; but in the following moiuh of May, alter the change in the adminislralion, by wiiieh tin; Right Honorable F.dward (i. Stanley (afterwards the Karl of 1 )erby ) became Secretary of SuUe for the C's reputation rests upon his hlerary productions, altliough he is at the same time a distinguished ornament of the Roman Catliolic Cluirch. He is des- cended tVom tlie family of Freland, formerly of Poiton, in Vend(';e, Fiance, in the 17th century; a member of which emigrated to this coimtry and settled on the Island of Orleans, near (Quebec. Here the name was changed to its present style; an/« on the Registers of Notre Dame Je Quebec; " " A Voyao-e- to Labrador ; " afterwards the first volume of " Courses of Jtistory of Canada, from 1534 to 1633 ,• " and " A Journal of a Voyage to the Coast of Gaspe," with other narratives. HIS GRACE ARCHBISHOP FAHRE. EowAkn Chari.ks I'ahhk is a true Montrealer, both his father and mother having also been l)orn in this City. His father, E. R. Fabre, is well known from the benevo- lence of his actions toward the families of the political offenders in 1837--1838. He also was amongst the number who were incarcerated at that unliappy period. After his release he devoted himself entirely to the families of his co-patriots then suffering. He was connected for years with the well-known establishment of Fabre & Gravel, B;)oksellers. In the year 1849--1850, he was the Mayor of Montreal, and hadtoplay a prominent part, as Mayor, during that eventful day in April, 1849, when the Parliament Buildings were fired and burned to the ground. In the dreadful %3M .A/ITIKKK mK MiiMRKAL. vbkjitioR ef the rhokra, in 1854, hv rt-maiiic*! I'aiihtul to his post, nnd died on i6th July fft »>»i jpeai of thw icrrillc disease. K IP. )! s *or w.> bt^r 1 J8»h Vfb., 1827, .in(? . vouni;Lr lirothii of His (Irarc is the we'r*,rjci«m il»;n. \1ct\ox l-"i.hrc, who is \''X C.iii.idiiii Kepii'scntalive in I'aris, ¥y-dx\":.>!" our skcich was educated at S; llv.trinthc College and in Issy, Franc-'. His »i)'«t rharge was Ciir.rto of Sorcl Im iX-,2. lie was I'arisii TMiest of Poin! • Ctjirt. In 1H54, he rettirnd 10 th Hislioi-s i'.ilaii , was iTiaffice of Archbishop. Hi'' (irace is niuch bcii>»'iiJ [ly his people, and lias aiiniin- istered the affairs of tl.o !a»gt<-t ank. Kiij 'ki> was tht ',e«oiid se-n of liajdwin Fiilford, Kstp, ottiieat hi lord, l>evon. The f.anilv i-. desi-'.-nded ir( u vNMiiam de h'tilfoid, who held Imi ford, temp., Richard I \\\f Rifji ' Kevcrend l'n;laU' was born al Sidmouth, icSo^ and marri-.'d. in 1830, the el'Jest daughter of Andrew JJerkeley Drummond, Ks(i., of Cadla^KK, H'^nls, g'andiJ.iiiglitei of the second Karl of Mgniond. He was educated al Tiverton dramrnar Scliool ind subse(|uently entered Kxeler College, (.)\ford, where he graduated H.A iti 1824, and waselcrted a Fellow, in June, 1825 ; he received the degree ot I'l* m iSi^o was Recloi ot Trowbridge. Wills, from 1832 to 1S42 ; Rector o* Croyden C.unhridgeshiie, froiii 1S4J to 1845 '• ^'^'^^ Minister of ( 'urzon Chapel. i'ar'Sh of St deurge's, Hanoser Square, J.ondon, from 1845 till his consecra- tion in 185c, Ht i',''^';''n((l a volume of sermons, and a work on •' T/ir /'ro^i^^rrss (>/ the Hcf'>rmatto^' Iri i.sho, he w i^ appointed by royal letters patent '• Metropolitan Bishop of this Province' He did much to promote the advancement and peace of the Church, was popular with all denommauons, aiid endeared himself to all with whom he came in contact. Hi> services towards Science and Art were extremely valuable ; so much so indeed thai hi was el'-'ti'-l on several occasions to high offices in some of our hest institutions. After a most successful career, he died on the ylh Sept., 1868, univer- sally regretted. .\ heautifid nionumenl, Avhich cost $5,000, has been erected to his memory on the grounds of Christ's Church Cathedral, Montreal. r ' o ■w <^ iA^M I v'.mUAt IllSIIoi' M()\I), OA/lTlltR OK MONTR IM.. IK) RIGHT KIV. HlNllol' IH)N!», l.i-.l> 'I'mt, siiliject of tins sketch is nni' of the l)c^t kiiuwii .md i)Klc«,i oi <»ur citi/ciis, He was bill II in I'rtiro, C(»rii\vall, I'.ngland. in tiic year r.Si5. Ill" (Mine to Canada in iS^S at a time wlim llu- ciMiiitry was in the tlirocs of tin- Canadian Kclxllion. lie shortl)' after studied for ( )idi'is, and was oid/inrd Hacon at (JiK'hcc. in 1840, and adv.inci-d to tin: I'lii-sthood at Monlical in 1X41. Hisliead- quarters du'ii were at Laeliine, whence lie travellid as a Missionary throughout the greater part of the Kastcrn 'rowiishi|)s. riu' house in which tlie IJislK)|) lived foi five years at I.achine is rather of an hisiuri cul character. It was built by fohii I'inlay, md called then " The !• inlay llonse." lie was the head officer of tiie King's Post, and a kind of ('oniniissary ( ieneral diirinu the war of iSi-'. It was then one of the finest places on the Island of Montreal. Xnion;^ otlieis who occupied it was the late (dl. Wilgress, and iIhp Mr. havid |):i\nUiiii ot the Hank ut .Montreal : hut tin- most lifted and onlv livini; occupant at this day (I), h.ividson dii'd a W'W weeks igo) is our own bt.loved JJishop. and for the jiast torly years u has ever gone by the name of" Tiik lio.Mi IIoisk." Ill i>^4S, he was appointed Assistant Minister to St. (Jorge's ClHir(-h, Montreal. Dr. l,eacli\sas then the Incumbent, .\fter the Doctor's resignation in give more attention to his daiies in j\Ic(iill College, the IJishop was appointed to succeed him as Incumbent. As Incumbent and Kcctor hi- remained for ovei thirty years. I)ui- ing his connection with St. (icorge's, he was successively (!anoii of Christ ("luirch ('athedral, .Archdeacon of Ilochelaga and Dean of Montreal. ( )ii the if)tli < )(;lol)er, iSyS. lie was elected to the high ofl'iee of llishop of the Diocese. This was occasioned b\ the resignation of .Most Kev. iii'.hopOxenden, The .Metropolitan, who returned to Kngland. His consecration took place on the 25th January. itS79. and though only twelve years ago, of all the Clergy and Di()ce^an Dele- gates then present, two-thirds are either dead or have left the I )iocese for other fields of labor. Of the Clergy then present nearly forty have passed away or gone toother Dio- ceses, whilst amongst the I'^aymen who welcomed their new Hisho|i that day the most prominent of the dead are James llntion, C. J. Hrydges, Col. Wilgress, Hon. I'tios. White, Sir W'm. Johnson, M. H.Sanborn, Hon. 1,. S. Huntington, M. II. Oault. H.Spence, Charles (iibb and many others, all personal friends of the liishop. Ihiltlie severest trial of all wa? in the sudden loss of her who had so faithfully stood by him in all the changes in his career, and who ilied only a short time after he was elected Bishop. It was decided at the election of Bishop Bond, or just I'cfore it, that the office of Metropolitan should be no longer stationary in Montreal Diocese, but that the longest consecrated Bishoj) should always be the Metropolitan, and Montreal continue to be the seal of the Provincial Synod, which meets every three years, and includes all the Provinces of the Dominion east of Manilol)a. ^ The Bishop received the degree of M.A. from Bishop's College, Lennoxville, and LL.D. from McGill University, in 1877. 120 GAZETTF.KR OF MONTREAL. He has ahvnys been n great friend of education, and was a member for some time of llie Council of I'ubh'c Instruction for the Province of Quebec. He was instrumental, with the first Metropolitan, in getting the Normal School (I'rotestant) opened in this city. .'Xt the jubilee of Iiis ministry last year, a con- siderable sum of money was jtresciued to the IJishop, with the best wishes of his many friends and admirers. He is still able to travel through his extensive diocese, and annually visits every Church and Parish within its bounds. He has ruled the affairs of the Diocese most successfully, and has been at all times, to his Clergy and the Laity of every Parish, not only their spiritual father, but their friend. His sons are well known in IMontreal. Col. Frank Pond for many years was the genial Commander of " 1'he l^rincc of Wales Rifles Regiment," and his other son, luhvard — (;nce Major in the same corps — is now an extensive Marine Insurance agent in Montreal. He is a successful worker in the Temperance cause and Equal Rights, and on the floor of the Synod is ever ready to ujjhold whatever is beneficial to the Diocese, and likely to promote iih welfare. He is very useful in the Societies for " The Protection of Women and Children," and that of "Cruelty to Animals." The two brothers are true Montrealers — boll; having been born in this city, and educated in the High School and McCill University. SIR GEORGE CARTIER, Bart. CiKoRp,!.; Ktiexne Cartter was born at St. Antoine, on the Hanks of the Chambly River, on the 6ih September. 1814, His grandfather was one of the first represen- tatives of his native County of Vercheres. In 1791, the present name of Vercheres was not known, the county was called Surrey. Sir George was educated at St. Sulpice College, Montreal, afterward studied Law, and in 1835 was admitted to the Par of Lower Canada. The year after broke out the rebellion of 1837-38. It is needless here to say that the French (Canadians almost to a nian supported Papineau, their leader, and that the family compact had much to do with the uprising. Cartier was one of those, and, as a price was set upon his head, he escaped to the United States. At the close of hostilities he returned to Canada a sadder and a wiser man. Pai^ineau found him a " mastering rival." He was first elected for Vercheres in 184S, and continued to t86i to represent the county, till he defeated Mr. Dorion, whom a writer styles '' Tiie Goliath of the Rouges in Montreal," and became the member for the East District of the city. Previously, in 1S56, he was Provincial Secretary in the McNab-Tache Administration, and the same year succeeded Mr. Drummoiul, Attorney General for Lower Canada. In August, 1858, he became one of the Cartier-McDonald Administrati(jn. He was instrumental in getting passed many prominent Acts for the better arlministration of the affiiirs of the Dominion. Her Majesty, shortly after Confederation, created him a Baronet. He had mu('h to do in the project of the C. P. Railway, etc. Elections took place in 1872, and Sir George was utterly overwhelmed by Mr. Jette, now Hon. Justice Jette. This GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. T2I broke his heart. He retired to England, and shortly after died. His funeral was one of the grandest ever .seen in Montreal. It was a public testimony to his great worth. ],ady Cartier and daughter still live abroad. SIR L. H. LAFONTAINt:, Hart. Oi'' the history of this celebrated- man we cannot say a great deal, as the space at our command is very meagre. He is the descendant of Antoine Menard Lafonlaiiie, Esq.. who was a member of the Parliament of I,o\ver Canada from 1796 to 1804. Sir Louis Hypolite was born at Boucherville, Canada East, in October, 1807 ; he is the third son of A. M. Lafontaine (son of the former), and of Marie J. Fontaine Hienvenu. his wife. For tlie sketch of his career, we are indebted to the clever writer of tlie " Jl^ds/i- ingtoii Sketches,'' written at the time that the ("hief-Juslice was at the zenith of his jiolitical life : — '■ For many years M. Lafontaine apjjlied himself to the \\x\ with great diligence and success. He accumulated a handsome fortune and made an advantageous match. It was not until he thought himself " rich enough " that he gave much attention to politics. " At first he was follower, then a rival, of I'apineau. Tlie latter was wiUi the parti pretre, the former led that of La jetiiie France, and the i)riests shook their heads at his ortliodoxy ; in fact, sj)oke of him as little better than an intidel. But "circumstances alter cases." Botii fled, in 1837, f''^'"! warrants for high treason, M. T.afonlaine reached J^ngland, where, not feeling himself safe, by the assistance of Mr. Edward Ellice, who had the greatest single property in Canada, he escaped across the channel to France. " More fortunate than M. Papineau, he v/as very soon enabled to return, there in reality being no evidence against him. " In 1843, M. I,afontaine, who, after the deatli of Lord Sydenhnm, had worked himself into place as the h.ead of the Frencii party, quarrelled with i,ord Metcalfe, in whom he met a man resolute as himself. The issue was taken on a general election. The Tory party was then in the ascendency in Upper Canada, and, united with the Moderates, out of forty-two representatives, returned all but nine, aid of these three doubtful. M. Lafontaine brought up his wing of the brigade gallandy ; i)Ut it was of no use ; the centre and the other wing were routed. He was doomed for three years to the '' cold shade of opposition," in which he showed great constancy and industry. " In March, 1848, the Tory party fell. Their o])ponents in Upper Canada gained twenty seats, saved all the French counties, and gained Montieal and three English or mixed counties, giving them a m.-jority of two-thirds of the House. M, Lafontaine then resumed his old pl:ice, and became the virtual premier. " M. Lafontaine was not an eloquent speaker, his utterance being thick and guttm-al, and his English, though good in structure, bad in pronunciation. In fact 122 GAZKTTKKR OK MONTREAL. he rarely tried the latter. But he was a close and compact logician, and never lost his temper. " M . Lafontainc had a handsome countenance, of a style which much resembled that of Najjoleon, and a magnihcent forehead." Sir l/niis remained in otfice until October. 1851, wlien the Hincks-Tache Admin- istration was formed. On the 13th August, 1S53, he was elevated to the Chief- justiceship of the Court of Queen's Bench of I.jwcr Canada, and on the 28lli August, 1854, was created, for liis eminent services, a Baronet of the United Kingdom. .Sir Louis married twice, but had no issue ; first in 1S31, to Adele. only daughter of A. Berthelot, I'.stiuire, advocate, and secondly, in i860, to a widow lady of Montreal. He died a few years ago. HON. J. .1 c. Auiiorr, t'Kr.NUER OF ("ANADA, Was born at .St. Andrew's, Quebec, on 1 2tli March. 1821. His father was the late Rev. Joseph Aljbott, M.A., who came to Canada from i'.ngland in t8i3, and settled at St. Andrews. After his school days he entered McGill (.'oliege, ])assed a brilliant career and graduated B.C'.L. At'terwards he studied Law, and in 1847 was called to the Bar of Lower Canada. He has always been a standard authority on Commer- cial l-a\v. It was in 1859 he first entered politics, being the representative of his native county in the old Canadian Assembly till the I'nion, when he was returned to the House of Commons. From 1874 to 1880 he retired from [)ublic life, but again represented Argenteuil. His gieat work was the Insolvent Act of 1864. For a short lime in 1862 Mr. Abbott lield the appointment of Solicitor- Cleneral in the Sandfield Macdonald-Sicotte Administration. Some time before this he had been made a Q.C. He is the author of several important public measures. For some years he has been a Senator. On the death of the late Sir John A. Macdonald, he was called to form a new Cabinet, and now holds the high position of Premier of Canada, His wife is a daughter of the first Dean of Montreal — May, daughter of Rev. John Bethune, D.D., and sister of our well-known citizen Strachan Bethune, F2sq., Q.C, Chancellor of the Diocese of Montreal. C. J. C.OURSOL, Q.C, Was born in (Jntario. 1S20, being the son of an officer of the Hudson Bay Company. He was called to the Bar of J,ower Canada in 1841. In the Trent affair he raised the Regiment of the "Chasseurs Canadiens," and during the Fenian excitement Judge Coursol was with his Regiment on the Borders of Canada. Afterwards he was appointed Judge of Quarter Sessions and Police Commissioner. He is well known in connection with the St. Alban's Raiders, and his decision thereon was endorsed by l^ord Cairns. He was connected with the reception of the Pontifical Zouave movement and was elected Mayor of Montreal in 187 1. He was also Director of various public Institutions, and died some years ago universally regretted. I CAZK'ITKKK OF MONTREAL, 123 '^ SIR FRANCIS (.;. JOHNSON, CHIKE' Jrsi li,'lf., SriKKK'K ( OLRl. Thk siihjcct of this skclcii was \)()T\\ at Oakcy House, Bedfordshire, England, on New Year's ilay, 1S17. His father was (lodschall Joliiis jn, an officer of tlie loth Royal Hu//.ars. This Reginicnl was then known as the Trineo of Wales Regiment. His mother, Lucy Bishop, came of an historical family. Slie was a daughter of Sir Cecil l>ishop, and sister to Col. Cecil Jti^hop, who fell in the War of 1S12-1 [. and was buried at NMagara, where a fme monument, v. sited h) many tourists, is still to lie seen. Our subject was cdui ated at St. Dmer. Irance, hence Sir Francis' thorough knowledge of the French language and Parisian :m cent. Afterwards he went to a large educational establishment at iiiuges, I'.elgium. In 1835, he came to Canada and studied Law with the late Hon. Justice Day, was called to the Bar m i.S.to, prac- tised in Montreal, and created a (,).C. m 1.S46 ; a rapid career for one ueit thirty years of age. It was whilst Crown-Lroso* utor that the abihty of the lawyer was shown. His eloquence was so noted that he had few compeers ai the Bar So thoroughly versed in legal lore was Sir 1 rancis at tliis time that he hekl one or two civil ai)]ointments. One was the Secretary of the Commission to revise the Statutes of Lower Canada ; another, the Recorder of Ru[)ert's Land. The third was J the most important, being the jxisition of Governor of Assiniboine, Manitoba, which he held for four years, and returned to Montreal in 185S. He resumed his practice in the city foi seven years after his return, till June, 1865, when he was api)ointed a Judge of the Superior Court, rising gradually on the Bench till he is now the Chief Justice of the Superior Court for the large and most important District of Montreal. in the year 1870, Judge Johnson was deputed by the Dominion Government to act as S])ecial Commissioner to ^L'lnitoba, and to report on and organize the ('ourts of that new Liovince. He was also appointed the sole Commissioner to settle the Rebellion Losses claims after the first Riel uprising. He returned to Montreal in 1872, and was offered the (Governorship of the Province he had labored so much to bring into legal existence, but as this would necessitate the resignation of his being Judge, he ])re- ferred his profession, and remains in it as one of its most illustrious lights. Sir l-'rancis has been twice married. His first wife was Mary Gates Jones, who died in 1853. She was a daugiiter of Mr. Jones of Montreal, a partner in the once famous firm of Horatio Gates iV Co., of Montreal. His second, whom he married in 1857. was Mary Mills, daughter of John M. Mills, of Somersetshire, England. He has had six children, and though now in his 75th year, no man walks the street so upright and soldier-like as hims<;lf. His long services to his country were recognized by the Queen, and on the 24th ■ of May, 1890, the Chief Justice received the distinguished honor of Knighthood, and is now known by the name of Sir Francis Johnson. May he be long spared to bear this name. 124 OAZETTKKR OF MONTREAL. HON. CHIEF JLSTKE LACOSTE, D.C.L., CouRi- OK <^ukkn's Bench, Was born at Boucherville, Province of (Quebec, on i2lh February, 1842. His father, Hon. L.ouis Lacoste, was a Senator of the Dominion, liis motiier being Marie A. T. Proulx. He was educated at the College of St. Hyacinthe, and con- cluded his studies at the Laval University, Quel^cc. He was called to the Bar of Lower Canada when he had just completed his majority, being twenty-one years of age in TS63, and soon found himself with a lucrative and important legal business. His pra( tice was prompt, he was an able lawyer and he was to be trusted. In 1880, he was made a(,).C., and called on the 4th March, 1882, to the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec for the Division of Mille Isles. Resigning the next year, he was appointed a Senator in 1884. He was called to the Speakership of the House in 1891. On the death of the late Chief Justice, Sir A. A. Dorion, from a number of names mentioned in the papers of all kinds, the subject of our sketch was selected by the Dominion Government to fill this high and important position on the Judiciary Bench. That he will do so, he already has shown his ability, and even in this yet short period of his incumbency has inaugurated certain reforms, much needed, and thus endorsing the Crovernment's judgment that as Chief Justice of the Court of Queen's Bench he is the right man in the right place. HON. J. A. CMAri.KAr. i.A/KTT>;KK of MONTREAL. I 35 HON. J(J.SI.l'H AltuLI'llL CIIAI'LEAU, LL.D., (J.C, SkcRI I .\l<\' I'V '>IA1I I'll t'WAl'A, \\ \i3 JKirii m Ste. ThtMi'.so. in 1S40. TIu .inccstors tA' Mr. (Miapleau c iinr from ( )l(.l i'lanci; and early sellled in llic Seigniory ot 'rerrclionnc. 'I'lic primary education of the lad was procured al die Coi!e,ne of 'IVrrel)onne, and thence lie went to that of St. Hyiciiuhe, where lie passed a brilliant curricidum. Having completed his college career, he entered for the study of Law the ofFiC( of Messrs. Ouiniet, .Morin & Maiehand. When the Hun. i, S. Morin was < alK.d as Soh'.itor-Oeneral to the Executive Council, Mr. Cliaple.iu tl.eii tirsi canie mio iiolice. Mis maiilcu spcich on the hustings was delivered at the town of Terrebonne, on the 25111 of Hecember, 1859, anil his success on that occasion made him at once an important factor in that celebrated campaign which resultt'd in the return of ih.e SolicitDrdcneral. In i(S6i, he was called to the Bar, and retained by the new firm of Moreau \ ()uinKt, on acciiunt of his legal acumen in the exciting spheres of the Criminal Courts. lli~, fir.sl case was the defence of a whole family implicated in a case of child murder. The miserable condition of the accused, the indignation of the people of the ward, where the crime had been committed, and the weight of the evidence, had doomed tiie unfortunate prisoners to certain condemnation. 'I'lie young lawyer nevertheless ac- cepted that uneiiual challenge, and .after superhuman efforts saved the whole family from the gallows. Since that period more than twenty prisoruus accused of capital offences Jiave, nearl) all successfully, been defended b\ the learned Criminalist, whose record in the Court of (Queen's Ijeiich has lueii one of the most c(jmpkle in the ranks of those who have given themselves specially to the practice of Criminal Law in Canada. In 1873, he was made a Queen's Counsellor, aiui in 1882 had the high honor of being created " Commaiuler of the F.egion of Honor of ]'' ranee." The year previous he had received from Rome the distinction of having been made a *' Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the (ireal." However, politics had already absorbed a 'arge portion of the young lawyer's attention and studies. From i860 to 1867 there ki s not an electoral contest in which he did not take a most active jiart. On th'e is, of January, 1862, he became the joint proprietor and editor of " Le Co/ou/sa'tur," a tri-weekly newspaper which was the centre of action of the young Conservatr'e ele.nent during the two years of its existence. At the advent of Confederation, he was found fighting for the cause of Confederation. He had during the fifteen months th.vt preceded Confederation, successfully canvassed the District of Montreal, where the ' Parti National," headed by the late M6deric Lanctot, was trying to raise an anti-British movement. He was elected by acclamation member of the Quebec Legislature for Terrebonne in 1867, and was returned without opposition in the next (General Elections of 1871. At the opening of the first Provincial Parliament of Quebec he was intrusted with the task of presenting the address in answer to the Speech from the Throne. As early as in the session of 1868 he strongly advocated the policy of protection to Canadian 126 (.A/KTl l,KR OK MONTREAL. industries and ilie policy of railways, as heini; the only moans of securing to tlu> I'ldvuice the rank that its geographical and coinniercial situation in the (Confedera- tion entitled it to (Kcui)y. His speeches c)n the question of the St. Maurice and (Irandcs I'iles .uid the Nurth .Shore Roads are s'ill m the memory of the Members (if tiic Assembly. He deprecated the building of \vood(.n railroads, then the hobliy of the Chauveau-Dunkin Cabinet, as bi-iiig a atopy with our rigorous climate. With the member of Shelford at ihe time, Mi'. j>essette, he first l)rought before the House the question of Stipendiary Magistrates, which became an accomplished fact the year after. His party recognized his services in jjiomoting him to the Kxecutive Council when the Hon. (1. ( )uiniet was <:alled to reconstruct the Chauveau Cabinet in February, 1S73. He reieived then the portfolio of Solicitor-General of the Pro- vince. In January, 1876, he entered ihe I )(.■ lloucherville (iovcrnmenl as Piovincial- Secrt'lary ami Registrar. He held this until the fracas of the Lelellier affair in 1S78, wlicn he became tiie Leader of the Conservative ( )pi)osiiion. and was mainly inslru mental in giving the death-blow to the July Government. When it fell, the new Lieutenant-Governor, Hon. M. Robitaille, called upon Mr. Chapleau to form a new Government. In this he remained i'remier ami Minister of Agriculture and Public Works and Minister of Railways till i,S82, when he was called into the federal Cabinet as Secretary of State for Canada, in the place of the late Mr. Mousseau, who succeeded him as Premier of (Quebec. In July, 1884, he was appointed a Commis- sioner to proceed to liritish Columbia lo investigate and report upon China immi- gration into ('nnada. In the held ot letters he has been a frequent and brilliant writer, but it has always been in his oratory that he has so far eclipsed all his contemporaries. He is truly a born orator, and never made by the precise rules of ihetoric and belles-lettres. Kloqiient, fiery and fluent, with a clear musical utterance, evejy syllable falls on the listener's ears distinct and perfect. As professor in Laval University, where he occupied the chair of Crimiiiai Law, it was right he should receive from that institution his title ot Doctor of J.aws, and among all the titles and affixes to his name, not one is more richly earned, nor does any one sound better tlian this one by which the wiiter desig- nates the subject of this sketch. May he live long to be an honor 10 the LTniversiiy from which he derived it, not as Premier of Quebec nor as Secretary of State for the Hominioti ol t anada. but as a Doctor of Laws from the oldest L'niversily in British North America. (lAZKTTKER OF MONTREAL. I 27 SIK J. W. DAWSON, K.K.O.S., r.M.H., Princh-ai ov McGii.i. Univirshy. Tmk iianio of this distinguislicd arid justly relebialod suvdiit is not unknown to most of our readers. His labors in the cause of Science, History ami Kilucation are calculated to give liiiu a high place among (Canadian literati. Sir William Dawson is a native of I'ictou, Nova Scotia, wlicre he was born of a good Scottish family, in October, 1820. After com))lci!ng a course of study in C'lassics, Mathematics, Physics, Mental Science, Chemistry, etc.. in Pictou Academy, taking lessons in Drawing and Taxidermy, md sj)ending some time in collecting specimens in Natural History, he matriculated in the University of Edinburgh, and attended more especially the lectures of I'rijfessor Jameson, throughout the session of 1840-41, on Mineralogy and Cieology. On his return to Nova Scotia, i!i 1841, he travelled with Sir C. Lyell, and, under his dlieclion. he explored and described, in the ''■Pro- ceedings of the Geological Society of J.onJon,'' several points of interest regarding the geology of that jjrovince. After having lectured on 13ot.in\ and (leology in the Academy of Pictou, and in the Dallunisie College, and having i)ui)lished several educnlional works, Mr. Dawson was ap])ointed, in 1850, Superintendent of Kducalion for Nova Scotia. In 1853, he resigned his office, and was ap[)ointed one of the Directors of the new Normal School. Dr. Dawson w.is ai)pc)inled Principal of the McGill Coll(?ge in 1855, ^'^^^ '^''■^ subsequently conferred on him the honorary degree of LT..D. by the same University. Sir William Dawson is, moreover, a lellow of the Royal Geological Society of London, the Royal Society and a Member of the Natural History Society of Montreal, and of the Canadian Institute. Toronto, Cor- responding Member of the Academy of Natural Science, of Philadelphia, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Science, and Honorary Member of the Botanical Society of Canada. He has contributed several papers to the Pritisli and American Associations for the promotion of the sciences. Iksides the numerous essays juib- lished in the Transactions of scientific bodies or in pamphlet form, he has i)ublished the following works : — '' Haiidbool: of the Geogrii[>hy and Natural History of Nova Scotia,'' " Mints to the Farmets of Nova Scotia" " Acadian Geology,'" " Archaia." Besides these he lias published a long list of works — lectures, jiamphlets and papers on almost every subject connected with his favorite study, Geology. Sir William was awarded the Lyell Medal of the Geological Society of London for his eminent discoveries in Geology. He was the first member of the Royal Society of Canada. \\\ recognition of his brilliant career and eminent qualities in Science, Her ^Lajesty honored him, in 1881, with the title of C.M.G., and in 1884 made him a Knight. He has travelled in Egypt, Palestine and Syria, and ])ublished most in- teresting geological observations on his tour through the Holy Land. In 1884, 1'*^ received the honorary degree of LL.D from the University of Edinburgh. His whole desire is the promotion and advancement of McGill University. The writer well remembers when he first joined the College. It was then the day of small things, but like the mustard seed planted firmly by his governing hand, it has increased, till the literary birds of all denominations and nationalities have now, at the close of the nineteenth century, come and lodged in the branches of it. 128 iiAZKTTKKK Ol MONIHIAI. \v:.f. koiiKkisoN, Ml). W'li.MA.M RoHKKTsoN was hoiii ill Kill- 1 )rochct, liis futlicr's estate, near Ijlair Athol, I'lrthshirc, Scotland, on the 15th March, 1774. After completing his professional studies he received the appointment as Surgeon to the 49th Regiment of the Line. They were ordered to Halifax, Nova .Scotia, and the vessel being wrecked on the voyage, he had a very narrow cscaijc for his life. At Halifax he became accpiainted with Miss Kli/abeth .Amelia (ianipbell, the daughter of .Sir William ('ampbell, after- wai Is Chief justice of lJ])per Canada, and she ultimately became his wife. I'hey were married January 21st, i(So6, and shortly after he removed with his Regiment to Canada. 'I'his union was more than blessed, Dr. Robertson having had twelve children. Duncan, who married (irace A. Stewart, of Scotland, one daugiiter mar- ried Kerdinaiul McCulloch, aiujlher became the wife of Hon. J. I'angman, anotiier the wife of 1). C. Cooper, another the wife of Dr. \Vm. .McDonald, whilst the tifih became Lady Cunninghup-te, of Miln Craig, Ayrshire, Scotland. Dr. Robertsoi\ was instrimiental in founding the Medical .School now merged in the Medical Faculty of McGill, and he was one of the patrons of the General Hospital, .^fier a distin- guished and honorable career he died in Montreal. CAPTAIN KCJllERTSON. Captain G. Rouertson is a son of the well-known Dr. Robertson of Montreal. He joined the army as late as 17th June, 1851. and in Deceniber, 1S59, had been pro- moted to a captaincy. He served with the 12th Regiment, in the Caffre War of 1851-53, for which he received the medal, and was with the 95th Regiment at the siege and fall of Sebastopol, from 26th January, 1855, f"'' which he received the medal and clasp, and was honored with the fifth class of the Medjidie. He also served in 1858, at the siege and capture of Kotah (medal). The Gazette, in speak- ing of his former services, said : " Our citizens will join with us in expressing our hearty congratulation on the honors bestowed upon him, which we cannot doubt have been well earned ; " and of him and other Canadians "the whole country will rejoice at these honors won by Canadians." MAJOR FORSYTH. Major G. J. Forsyth was a native of Montreal. " He entered the military service at an early age, and rose to the rank of Captain at the age of twenty-six, without the aid of those influences that help others on. He served through the Eastern Cam- paign of 1854-55, including the batdes of Balaklava and Inkerman, s'ege of Sebas- topol, capture of the Quarries, attack on the Redan, on the 18th June (with the storming column), and on the 8th September, also at Kinbourn, for which he re- ceived the medal and clasps, the Sardinian medal, and was decorated with the Legion of Honor by the F^mperor of the French. He retired with the rank of Major on the 26th December, 1856. His career testified to the valor and patriotism of the Canadians, and has been a source of honor both to himself and his country." HON J S II.M.I., O.C. C.A/KTTEKR OK MONIRKAI,. I 29 HON. JOHN S. IIAI.l,, ().C. 'I'm; .siil)jccl of this skctcli is one of llic very few luiincs in more tlian five lumdrL'd hioj^riiphical incinnirs in tiiis (iA/Krri:i;R who were actually horn in Montrc;il — " 'Hie C.'oniniLTcial Metropolis," therefore, heinj; their native city. 'I'his much can he said of .ill those who claim Montreal, in this (lA/i.r ricKK, as their birthplace, that there is not one of them hut has niaile his mark in the social, religious, legal, political or mercantile phases of his native city and country. Among these names may be men- tioned — l)csides the subject of this short sketch — MoiiSeigneur I'.ibre, Archbishop of Montreal ; our present Mayor, lion. James McShane ; Joseph Duhamel, (J.CJ., F. W. Ileiishiw, (i. W. Stephens, lion. Judge Itaby, lion. K. l,atlamme, etc., among the li\ing, and Judge Jiadgley, Judge McKay, Hon. Thomas White, the fust Maron de Longiieuil, Sheriff Leblanc, Stanley C. l>agg, JJenaiah CJibb, Hon. L. Reiiaud, Hon. Justice Smith, Sir William Logan, etc., among the dead. Mr. Hall was l)orn in Montreal. 7th .August, 1S53. He w.is the son of John S. Hall, sen., a member of the late well-known firm of (Irant, Hall X: Co., extensive hnnber merchants of this city. Ho was educated at JJishop's College School, anil after- wards in Mc(jill University. I'' rom this latter institution he graduated 15..\.in 1874. and 15. C. I., in 1875. Choosing Law as his profession, after his curriculum, he was called to the 15ar of the Province of (Quebec in January, 1X76, and appointed Queen's Counsel, iSS7,on which occasion he was heartily congratulated by his confreres at receiving the "silk '■ so early in his legal career. l)uring his incumbency as a (^.C. he has suc- cessfully conducted several most important cases, and has appeared before the Privy Council of England on more than one occasion. For some years he has been the active partner of the extensive legal firm of Chapleau, Hall, Xicholls vS: Brown — the Hon. J. A. Chapleau, the .Secretary of State for Canada, being the senior i)artner, but taking no jiart in the legal work. Since ever he was called to the 15ar, Mr. Hall has always taken a lively interest in public affairs. It was reasonable, therefore, to find that he looked to politics and the public government of his native i)rovince as the arena where he could display his talents and show his administrative ability. At the (Jeneral I'lleclions in ICSS7 he was returned for the Fifth Division of the City of Montreal by acclamation. As a member of the Legislative Assembly he has won the confidence of both sides. His tact in debate, his industry in committee work and general straightforwardness have given him not only the confidence of his own colleagues but the respect of his o})ponents. At the dismissal of the Mercier Covernment by the Lieutenant-Ciovernor on th': 21st of last December, the uqw Premier gave Mr. Hall the important portfolio of Treasurer of the Province, which position he now retains. Mr. Hall was elected a member of the Corporation of McGill University in 1 883 and re-elected in 1886. He was also President of the University Literary Society in 1880 and President of the McCiU Clraduate Society in 1884. He has also been President of the Junior Conservative Club, Montreal. 9 130 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. Amongst all his legal and political duties, he has always taken an active and lively interest in the Volunteer Force, and is now Major, commanding the Montreal Field JJattery of Canadian Artillery — of which we may only remark that Colonel A. Stevenson was for years its genial and enthusiastic commander. Yet, since his retire- ment, under the command and discipline of the member for Montreal No. 5, it has lost nothing of its ctilicicncy, general appearance, or respect of the citizens of Mon- treal. Mr. Hall ma.ried on January 3rd, 1883, Miss Jirigham, of Ottawa, and resides at 862 Sherbrooke street, ISIontreal. JOHN RKDrA'lH Was born at Jvulston, Scotland, in 1796, and came to Canada in 1816. He became one of the most successful contractors in the country. The Lachine Canal is an example of his capabilities and work. When he retired from business he became con- nected with many of Montreal's institutions. For the long space of thirty-five years he was a Director of the Montreal Bank and became its Vice-President. He was also connected with the Montreal Telegraph Company and the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company ; but he is best known as the one who started the first sugar refinery in Canada, a large institution which still bears his name. Fie married Janet Macphie, glh December, 181S, and had a large family. His eldest Hcn, Peter, lives in England, but will ever be remembered in Montreal from the magnificent building which he erected, and known as the " Peter Redpath Museum," which he pre- sented to McCill College and University. One of the daughters of John Redpath married John Dougall of the Witness ; another, T. M. I'aylor, who was one of our most efficient Insurance Agents, and was well known in all Christian good work. A third married Hon. George A. Drunimond. so well known in Montreal asSenatorand connected with the Refinery. A fourth married Professor IJovey of jNIcCill Uni- versity ; and the fifth married C. J. Fleet, Advocate, of the firm of Messrs. Robert- son, Fleet & Co. Mr. John Redpath was for years the Chairman of the General Hospital Com- mittee and President of the Mechanics' Institute. But perhaps the most important act of his was his laying the foundation of the Theological Seminary of the Pies byterians, now the " Presbyterian College," and which has been so successful in training men for the ministry of their church. He died universally lamented at his house, " Terrace Bank." HON. JUSTICE FOUCIIER. ''Louis Charles Foucher was born in 1760, and died 26th December, 1829. He was admitted to the Bar in 1784, and was first returned to Parliament in 1796, as member for the City of Montreal. Some time after, he was appointed Solicitor- General, an honor well merited by M. Foucher, else he could not have attained it, as in those days it was seldom conferred upon a French Canadian. Subsequently he became resident Judge of Three Rivers ; and, in 1803, attained the position whicli he held at his death." (lAZKTTKER OK MONIREAL. I31 HON. II. \V. RYLANU, G. II. KYLAJ D AND W. II. RYLANL). H. W. RYi.ANDwas born in Norlhamptoii, England, in 1770. He cnlcicd the Public service at the early age of twenty-one as Assistant Paymaster-General in charge of General Burgoyne and Lord Cornwallis' armies in the first American War, in which he look part and rendered important services. He accompanied his friend Sir Guy (^arleton (Lord Dorchester), Commander-in-Chief, to England. In 1793, when Lord iJorchester was appointed to the Gove iment of Britisii North America, Mr. Ryland was induced by the tlien Prime Minister, under promises which never were fulfilled, to surrender a high and lucrative office to accompany him to Canada as Civil Secretary. On Lord Dorchester's return home Mr. Ryland continued to hold the same office under his immediate successor and several succeeding (iovernors. Li the year 1809 he was appointed by the Government to proceed to England on a public mission, the ostensible object of wliicli was to endeavor to get the Ln- perial Government to amend or suspend the Constitution to render the Government independent of the people by appropriating towards it all the revenues accruing from the estates of the St. Sulpicians at Montreal, and to assume the patronage exercised by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec to the cures or church livings in his diocese. Reluming to Canada no one could ascribe to him the failure of the Govern- ment scheme. The darling object of his heart was doubtless to anglicize the French Canadian people. On Sir George Prevost's accession to tlie Government, Mr. Ryland gave up his post of Civil Secretary and retained only that of Clerk of the Executive Council, also an important appointment, which he held until his decease on the aotii July, 1838, at the age of seventy-eight. His son, the late G. H. Ryland, was the Registrar for Montreal. As a boy he was intended for the navy, but entered the Civil service in 1817 as Secretary to the Commission for the management of the Jesuits' Estates. Li 1821, he was appointed Assistant Clerk of the Council of Lower Canada and succeeded his father as Her Majesty's Clerk of the Council, which office he afterwards on public grounds con- sented to surrender, receiving under guaranty the Registrarship of Quebec, from which he was transferred to Montreal. He married, in 1833, Mary Pitt, youngest daughter of Lieut. -Colonel Ralph Gore and niece of Admiral Sir John Gore. His second son, Warwick Hastings Ryland, is now the Registrar of Montreal West. He married Miss Kaiilback, of Nova Scotia. 132 GAZETTF.KR OF MONTREAL. REV. JOHN liETIIUNE, REV. DEAN 15ETIIUNE, AND STRACIIAN BETIIUNE, Q.C. Perhaps no English family in this city is so long and intimately connected with the advance and growth of Montreal as the Belhune family. The first mentioned, the founder of the family on this Continent, was born in the Island of Skye, Scotland, in 175 1. He was educated at King's College, Aber- deen, and emigrated to South Carolina before the War of Independence. Being made a prisoner by the Americans, he so continued till an exchange took place, when he went to Nova Scotia and resided at Halifax. After the Peace he came to Mon- treal, not the only U. E. Loyalist who found his way thither. He remained in Mon- treal till 1787, when he removed to Upper Canada. One reason of this removal was his wish to locale on the land which as a U. E. Loyalist he had received from the Government. His grant was 3,000 acres, he ranking as a military chaplain, equal to a captani. He took up liis residence at Wiiliamstown and resimied his ministerial work there. 'J'o sliow how zealously he worked during his term of office in that part of Upper Canada, he baptized no less than 2,379 pt-'i'sons. He died 23rd September, 1815, universally regretted. Two of his sons and the most eminent members of his family became high dignitaries in the Chur ch of England — John, the third son, being the late Very Reverend the Dean of Montreal, and Alexander Neil, the fifth son, the late Right Reverend Bishop of Toronto. The Rev. John Bethune, D.l)., late Dean of Montreal, was born about the time his father removed to Upper Canada, ordained in 1814, and was fir^t settled at Augusta, near Brock ville. In 1818, he became Rector of Christ Church, Montreal. In features he very much resembled his father. An admirable portrait likeness of the Dean can be seen in the Vestry House of the Cathedral. In 1835, ^''^ ^^''•^ appointed Principal of McGill College. J. McGill, the founder, wished tlie Rev. Dr. Strachan, who was afterwards the first Bishop of Toronto, but the Rector of that city then, to be the Principal. However, he declined, and the choice fell on the late Dean. The college question, however, not being ever satisfactorily settled, a new charter was pro- cured in 1852, and the present regime of that Institution then began. From 1850, when Montreal District became a separate diocese under Bishop Fulford, the Dean was ever prominent in ecclesiastical affairs, and through all the changes of chief Diocesan Pastors, and meetings of both Provincial and Local Synods, he was ever ready to advise and counsel what was best to be said or done. He was more than once the Bishop's Commissary during the absence of the Head of the Diocese in England, and for six months before the second Bishop was elected. During his long incumbency he saw great changes in the city. At one time he was the only clergy- man of the Church of England in Montreal, now there are resident at this day over thirty. After an honored life he died some years ago. GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 133 STRACIIAN BETIIUNK, Q.C. He was the eldest son of the late Very Reverend John Eethune, Dean of Montreal, and was born on the 6th November, 1821. After a successful study of Law, he was called to the Bar of Lower Canada, 22nd May, 1843. He was appointed Queen's Counsel on the I2tli February, 1864. He is now one of tlie oldest members of the Bar of Montreal, and has held different positions of trust in the Court House and Bar from tiie hands of his confreres, who liavc always highly esteemed him for intelligence, probity, and legal lore. He still continues the duties of his profession, his sun being associated with iiim in the law firm of Bethune & Bethune. For many years he has been the Chancellor of the Diocese of Montreal, and, so far as I know, has never missed for a (juarler of a century its annual meetings, where, with his well-limed remarks, he generally settles matters when they begin to appear irrational, absurd, outrageous, insignificant, or trilling, as is always seen in every large body of men — political, classical or national, who gather for consultation, research, advice or govern- ment. His eldest daughter is married to the \'en. Archdeacon Evans of Montreal. Two others are married in England. His sister married Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, now the Premier of Canada, so that the sons and grandchildren of at one time the only Protestant clergyman in Montreal near the close of the last century are all in respon- sible phases of life ; and to the founder of the ftimily may be applied the Biblical words, " A little one will become a thousand." DUNCAN FISHER. The subject of this sketch, and from whose family of sons and daughters so many of our present well-known Montreal families are descended, was born in Dunkeld, Scotland, and came to Montreal very soon after the end of the American War of Independence. His wife was Catherine Embury, daughter of Rev. P. Embury, the pioneer clergyman of Methodism in America. His eldest son, Daniel, a merciiant on St. Paul street, was killed by an explosion in 1826. His second son, John, did business both in Montreal and Quebec. From him are descended Dr. Arthur Fisher one of the best known citizens of Montreal, and his sons, Roswell C. Fisher, advocate, and Sydney A. Fisher, late M.P. for Hrome. The late T. W. Ritchie, Q.C, was married to a daughter of John, whose son, W. F. Ritchie, advocate, is associated as partner with Leo H. Davidson, Esq., D.C.L., in an extensive Law practice in this city, and his daughter has greatly distinguished herself in the study of Medicine, and her career in McGill University and elsewhere is a remarkable one. The third daughter married the late John Torrance, whose flimily are connected with that of Sir A. T. Gait, Rev. Dr. Matheson and the late Robert Esdaile. The third son married a sister of the late William Lunn. The son who most distinguished himself was Duncan, and by marriage became connected with Mr. E. H. King, once President of the Bank of Montreal. He was a Q.C. and partner of the late Justice Smith, He died in 1845. The late Judge Tor- rance studied in his office, and also Judge Cross, who married his niece. 134 GAZETTEER O F MOMREAI.. SYDNEY A. KISIIER, B.A. Sox of the well-known Dr. Fisher of Montreal. He was born in this city, 12th June, 1850. His great grandparents came from Dunkcld, Scotland. Sydney was educated in the High School and McGill College, and afterwards went to Trinity College, Cam- bridge, where lie graduated a B.A. He has devoted liimself to agricultural pursuits, and is a J. P. for the District of Bedford. He was first returned to Parliament at the General Elections of 1882, and re-elected at the last General Election. Retired in 1887, but will return again when opportunity offers. He is a Liberal in politics. His farm is called " Alva Farm," one of tlie finest in the Eastern To v. ^] ij s. HON. LOUIS OLIVIER TAILLON, Q.C., Was born at Terrebonne, i6tii September, 1840, and educated in the College of Terrebonne, in company wilii the Hon. J. A. Ciia})leau, Dr. Desjardins and his brotlier, A. Desjardins, Esq., M. P. for llochelaga County, Rev. L. M. Taillon, Cure of St. Moniquc, and Rev. F. H. Leclerc. Wiien he had completed iiis studies he en- tered as an ecclesiastic and was Professor in the College for six years, but not wishing to proceed any further in Theology, he quitted Masson College and studied Law. Mr. Taillon passed successively into the offices of Messrs. Fabre, Lesage & Jett6 and Mr. Laflamnie, and then to that of Mr. Girouard. After his admission to the Bar, in November, 1865, lie entered the office of the latter-named gentleman, but very soon left it to enter into partnership with the late Mayor Rivard, where he remained till May, 1872, wiien he formed a partnersiiip with the Hon. F, X. Trudel. In 1875, Mr. Taillon was returned as representative of Montreal East to the Local Par- liament, and re-elected at the General Election in 1878 by acclamation ; ap- pointed Speaker of the House in 1882, and Attorney General in 1884. He ever advocated the interests of liis country in Parliament, and in the downfall of the Ross Administration at Quebec, in 1887, Mr. Taillon was called as the Premier to form a Conservative Government, but the fates being against him he only held the position a short time. When the Mercier Government came into power, Mr. Taillon retired from politics, and directed his whole time to the duties of his profession. Mr. Tadlon was a member of the Committee which organized the grand fete of *'St. Jean Baptiste," in 1874, and as one of the Commissioners of that day he greatly contributed to its success. At the dismissal of the Mercier Government on Dec. 2rst, 1891, he was invited by Hon. Mr. DeBouchervilie to enter the new Cabinet, which he has done, without portfolio. CAZKTTKER OF MONTREAL. 135 WILLIAM SCOTl'. The subject of this meimir is ushered into i)iiblic life as a baker in St. I^awrence street in the early years of this century. His son, Wm. H. Scott, was a merchant of St. Eustache, and a staunch rebel in 1837-8. I find his commitment in the records of that time, thus: "Committed for High Treason, William H. Scott, of St. Eustache." This was on the 19th December, 1837. After remaining some time in prison he was discharged on bail, and became after the Rebellion such a loyal subject that he was returned to Parliament for Vwo Mountains, and became ever after a firm supporter of Sir Geo. E. Cartier. Another son, James, died, when a student, from a wound received in a duel with the late Sir Wm. Meredith, Ciiief Justice of Quebec. His three daughters will be more remembered by posterity than the sons. Barbara gave $32,000 to McGill College to found the William Scott Chair of Civil Engineering, and $2,000 to found a Scholarship which bears her name. Anne gave $17,600 to the Trafiilgar Institute when she died, January 7, 1879. Another sister, Jane, only died 3rd December, 1880, aged 83, and left $2,000 to St. Gabriel Church ; she was very eccentric and retired. HON. PETER McGILL Was born at Cree Bridge, Wigtonshire, Scotland, August, 1789. When twenty years old he arrived in Montreal. He first entered the employ of the firm of Parker, Gerard, Ogilve & Co., and afterwards his firm was styled Peter McGill & Co. Per- haps no man. at least no Scotchman, was ever more respected or beloved. This was seen in his election as first Mayor under the new Constitution in 1840, when he remained in office for three years. He was the first to form a Volunteer force, which he did during the trying season of 1837. For the long period of twenty-six years he was President of the Bank of Montreal. He was a Director of the G. T. R., and Chairman of the first one ever run in Canada, viz., "The St. Lawrence and Champlain." He was President for some time of the Bible Society and Governor of the General Hospital. He was appointed a member of the Legislative Council, No- vember, 1832, and when the Canadas were united in 1840, he became a member of the united Legislative Council. He became a member of the Executive Council under Lord Elgin, but resigned because of the aspect of affairs at the Rebellion Losses Bill in 1848. He became a Governor of McGill College, and Trustee of Queen's College, Kingston. After an honorable career, he died in Montreal. 136 GAZETTKKR OF MONTREAL, CHARLES SMALLWOOD, M.D., LL.D. Doctor Smallwood is entitled to rank among tlie most eminent scientific men which this Province has produced. During the short time he resided in Canada, lie con- tributed much to advance the brancli of science to which he chiefly devoted so much of his valuable professional time and private means. " He is an Englishman, having been born in the town of Birmingham, in the year 1812 ; where he pursued iiis studies, graduated at University College, and obtained his medical degree. He came to Canada in the year 1853, and in 1S54 he settled at St. Martin, Isle Jesus, where he acquired a large practice as a medical practitioner, and soon after established iiis meteorological and electrical observatory, a description of which is given in the Smithsonian Reports. He discovered the effects of atmospheric electricity on the formation of the snow crystal, and instituted extensive investigations on ozone in connection with light, electricity and the effects of germination of seeds, on its development and effects in disease. In 1858, Dr. Smallwood received the honorary degree of LL.D., from McGill College, and was appointed Professor of Meteorology in that University. In i86c, he obtamed, through the liberality of the Canadian Government, a small grant for the purchase of magnetic instruments, which were duly received, and observations were commenced on the 3rd of August, 1861. Dr. Smallwood contributed largely to the various scientific periodicals, not only in this country, but also in the United States and in Europe. He is likewise the author of " Contributions to Canadian Meteorology^ The object of the whole of these observations have always been directed to practical utility, with reference to Medical Science, and to the health of mankind. They have been written during the brief intervals which he could snatch from a very active and laborious professional life, and therefore are the more valuable and interesting. Dr. Smallwood was one of the Governors of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, Member of the British Meteorological Society, of the Montreal Natural History Society, of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, member of the Society Met6orologique de France, of the National Institute of the United States, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Natural Science o Philadelphia, of the Observatoire Physique Central of St. Petersburg, and of the Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux Arts of Belgium. He died in 1873." li n<',K \v w i.vNcu. GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 137 JUDGE W. VV. LYNCH, D.C.L. We liavo pleasure in i)rescnting our readers with a portrait of this popular public man, whose api)ointmcnt on the 5th July, 1889, to the position of Judge of the Su- perior Court of the Province of Quebec was hailed with satisfaction by the entire community without regard to race, creed or politics. William Warren Lynch, who had been for over twenty years engaged in political life, was born in Betlford in 1845, and is thus in the prime of vigor and usefulness. He first entered the Legis- lature in 187 1, and though only twenty-five years old, was soon recognized as one of the leaders of the Conservative party. His judgment, candor, freedom from i)reju- dice and genial manners won him the respect of both friends and foes, and by the former he was implicitly trusted as a safe guide in seasons of difiiculty. His former constituency (Brome) twice elected him by acclamation, and in five contests gave him large majorities. On the formation of the Ciiapleau Government in October, 1879, Mr. Lynch was accepted as a fit person to represent the interests of the Pro- testant minority, and he was admitted to the Cabinet as Solicitor-General, a post which he held till its abolition in July, 1882. He then assumed charge of tiie De- partment of Crown Lands, which he administered with his wonted ability and cir- cumspection until tiie defeat of the Ross Government in January, 1887. Mr. I-ynch has been a member of the Bar for more than twenty-one years. He is a graduate of McGill, having taken his B.C.L. and won the Elizabeth Torrance Gold Medal in 1868. He is also a D.C.L., honoris causa, of Lennoxville University, in which, as in his alma mater, he has always taken a deep interest. He has also concerned himself in common school education, and has served on the Protestant Committee of the Council of Public Listruction. It was he who initiated the movement which resulted successfully at the last Session of the Legislature, for the recognition of the B.A. degree as suflicient, without examination, to secure admission to the study of any of the learned professions. He was, after the Session of 1887, appointed by the Attorney-General one of the Committee to revise the work of codifying the Statutes of this Province, and later on in October, 1887, he was named by the Federal Gov- ernment, in connection with Mr. Justice Burbridge and Mr. Dingman of the Indian Department, a Commissioner to settle the Indian title to lands in the Town- ship of Dundee, and he has always been credited with having prepared the report upon which the Government finally acted, as being fair to Indians and settlers alike. He has been a Queen's Counsel since 1880. Mr. Lynch's home has always been at Knowlton. In September, 1887, he removed to Montreal to practise his profession, which he did there until his appointment to the Bench, in connection with J. S. Archibald, Q.C.,and George G. Foster. As Judge Lynch's patriotic spirit, firmness and integrity have won him universal esteem in public life, so in social intercourse he is a favorite with all classes. He is sure to do credit to the Judicial Bench. 138 r.AZKTTKKR OK MONTREAL. I/AUliK VEURKAU, l).l„. Was born at L'Islct, Quebec, on tlie 6th September, 1S2S. Ilis father was Cfcrmain Verreaii, and his mother, Marie Ursiile Foiirnier. He was educated at the Quebec Seminary, and after his graduation taught for two years in tliat institution. At the early age of twenty-one years, he went to St. 'I'herese College as the Principal, which position he occupied for the next eight years. In 1.S56, M. Wrreau removed to Montreal, and in 1857 he became the Principal of the Jacques Cartier Normal School when it was instituted, a position he has filled to this day, a period of nearly thirty- four years. In 1873, the Provincial (lovernment sent him to Europe to make investigations there regarding Canadian History. The result of this trip was the ]niblisliing of most interesting items by the Government in their Report on Agricul- ture. Principal Verreau is a Doctor of Letters and an Ofiiccr of Public Instruction, France, which position was granted him by the French Government. M. Verreau was ordained Priest in 1851 by Bishop Prince, and he frequently officiates, though such a busy man in the Normal School. L'Abbe Verreau has written some articles on Canadian History, and it is a pity for the ccnmtry at large that he could not be induced to partly give up his laborious work and devote himself and his splendid talents to jjurely literary work. HON. JUDGE MOUSSEAU, Q.C., M.P. The subject of this sketch was born at Berthier, i6th July, 1838. He was the son of Louis Mousseau, and grandson of Louis Mousseau, who sat in the Quebec Assembly as one of its members for several years. He was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in i860, and early showed great aptitude in his profession, which resulted in his being made, in 1873, a Queen's Counsellor. He was one of the partners of the firm of Mousseau, Chapleau & Archambault. Mr. Mousseau was well known as a political writer and for the periodical press. He was one of the founders of La Coloni- zateur newspaper in 1862, of VOpinion fubliqiie in 1870. He is the author of a pamphlet in defence of Confederation against the attacks cf the Opposition, 1869, which was highly thought of when it appeared. He also wrote a brochure " Car- dinal & Diiquet, victimesde 1837-38." He was first returned to Parliament for Bagot V*^ County, 1S70, and re-elected in 1878. He moved the expulsion, in 1879, ^^ Lieut.- Governor Letellier from office — the results of which are hardly smoothed at this day, 1 891. He became one of the Privy Council, resigning for Hon. Mr. Chapleau, and exchanging for him as the Premier of Quebec. His ministry being defeated after- wards, lie was elevated to the Bench and died some years ago. CAZF/rTKKR OF MONTREAt,. 139 HON. FOSKl'II (illtl! kolsKRTSON Was born in Stiiartficld, Al)crcIt'L'iishire, Scotland, on ilu- isi January, 1820. His father was the Rev. James Kobertson of that place, where lie had l)een Tastor of the Congregational Church for thirty years. He afterwards resigned, and ("anie to this coinitry in 1832, and went to Derby, N'erniont. and remained there nearly four years ; then came to Sherbrooke in May, 1836, and became Pastor of the .Sherbrooke Congre- gational Church for twenty-five years, where i)e died in. September, 1861, full of years and Christian work. Joseph finisli!'! Iiis education in .Sherl)rooke, became a merchant there, and re- tired some years ago. Was for years President of the Stanslead iV Sherbrooke Mutual Life Insurance Company, and I'resident of the (Quebec Central Kaihvay ("ompany, and was its principal originator, and most ardent supporter '"or many years. Is now, and has been for many years, President of the Sherbrooke .Agricultural Society. Was Secretary-Treasurer of the County of Siierbrooke for the establishment of ('oimty Councils, till the i)resent system of Township Councils came into operation. Was Mayor of Sherbrooke for eighteen years, and President of the Temperance League in 1870-71. He was elected to the Provincial Assembly for Sherbrooke in 1.S67, and has since then held tin's important jiosition. He was appointed a member of the Lxe- cutive Council in 1869 in the CHiauveau Cabinet as Treasurer of the Province, and held that office in all for eleven years and six months, under lour succeeding administrations. In 1874. he was sent to Lngland to lloal a loan of $4,000,000, which he successfully accomplished, and on his return some two thousand citizens of Sherbrooke turned out to congratulate him on his success. In 1S70, he married Mary, daughter of A. (i. Woodward, of Sherbrooke. The family of the Rev. Mr. Robertson has abunilantly jiroved that they have all come of a good stock. Perhaps no man in the legal fraternity of the City of Mon- treal was belter known in his day than Andrew Robertson, (^.C. He was one of the brightest jewels in the galaxy of Montreal lawyers, and his quieland unostentatious manner secured him the respect and profound admiration and confidence of his confreres. He died in March, 1880, universally lamented as an upright Christian man. Another brother, (ieorge, also in the legal profession, and partner with his brother Andrew for many years in Montreal, was a successful lawyer, and much esteemed by his confreres and the general public. He died in Sherbrooke, Feb- ruary, 187 1. To another brother, William, can be applied much, if not all, of the encomiums of his brother Andrew. He is a well-known lawyer of Montreal, and universally esteemed by all shades of political opinion, and by all sorts and conditions of men. He now represents one of the largest legal firms in the city. ^._.:' But it is to the sister, Margaret, that I would, as a literary man myself, wish to 140 (lAZETTKF'.R OF MONTREAL. diiiw attciUoin. Miss Roljorlson is an oinamL-nt to Montreal. Slie is a literary niclic in Canada's monuments of arts and literature. She lias had wonderful success in her published works in iMigland, in the United Slates, as well as in Canada, and no one feels more llian the writer the pleasure of hearinj^ from her agent, Mr, (Irafton, the well-known bookseller, that he had lately been giving her a cheipio for royalty on her beauliful story books, which have emanated from her fertile brain and pen. The following are the names of some of her publications : — "'I'he Two Miss Jean Dawsons," " Shenac's Love and Service," " l!ya Way which She Knew Not," ''My Friend's Kriend," "Janet's Love and Service," " David Lleniing's forgiveness," etc. May Canada at large, and Montreal in particular, be benetUted by these moral and well-written books. Nothing she has written but may be read by all. DK. ANDREW F. IIOLMKS. I)K. Hoi.Mr.s, ex-Uean of the Lnculty of MiClill College, was a most talented mvant as Well as one of the most estimable gentlemen in this country. In the ye;ir 17C17. the fatlur of Dr. Holmes was on his way to Canada with his wife, when the vessel in which he sailed was captured by a JMeiich frigate, and taken as a prize to Cadi/. There the doctor was born, and was bapli/ed at the Church of Si. Jago by the name of Andrew Lernando. The family reached Canada in 1801. In 1811, he was articled to the late Dr. Arnoldi, with whom he studied for several years, after which he went to Kdinburgh to complete liis studies, and thence to Paris. L' iSig, he returned to Canada with the diploma of ^LD., and began the practice of his i)rofession as a partner of his fjrmer patron. 'I'his [)artner,-ihip being subsequently dissolved, he continued to practice alone up to the day of his death. After his return, in 1824, with the late Drs. Caldwell and Robertson, he founded the Montreal School of Medicine, known afterwards as the "Montreal Medical Institution," which, when the University of McGill College was set in operation in 1828 or 1829, was merged in the Medical Faculty of that institu- tion. This school has long ranked among the foremost on this Continent, and has been a boast of Montreal. Up to the year 1836 he filled the chair of Materia Medica and Chemistry, hi that year the duty was divided, he taking Chemistry alone, which he held till 1842, when he succeeded Dr. Robertson in the chair which he held up to the day of his death. At the reorganization of the Faculty in 1854, he became, and continued to his death. Dean, discharging the duties of his office with zeal and diligence, also holding the chair of the Theory and Practice of Medi- cine. Me was then the oldest professor in Canada. Dr. Holmes was also the founder, witli a few others, of the Natural History Society, and i)ursued for many years the study of the natural sciences with great zeal and success, winning for him- self reputation as a Naturalist, in days when students in those fields lacked the many aids and incitements to diligence possessed now. His herbarium, consisting of a very complete collection of the plants of Canada, was presented to the Museum of the University. He died in Montreal, in September, i860. C;AZErTEKK OF MONTREAL, I J« SIR JOSLlil IIICKSON Was born at Oltcrburn, Northumberland, Isnglaiid, in the year 1830. Starting; life ill the offices of the North Kastcrii Railway of iMighind. he left their employ as agent at Carlisle. In 1H51, he went into the employ of another line, where he remained for ten years, and became assistant to the (leneral Manager. In this situation he attracted the notice of Sir l'",d. WatUins, who was I'resideiu of the (irand Trunk Kailway of Canada, and who qui:kly a])pointed him to be Accountant of that road. 'I'hus he arrived in Canada in January, 1S62. Siiortly after he was made .Secretary Tri'as. urcr of the Company. In 1874, Mr. I lickson was appointed ( ieiieral Manager. In 1.S61, when Mr. llickson joined the (Irand Trunk Railway, its earnings were about $4,000,000 ; when he retired m 1S91, they were very ne.ii Tive times as mucli. l-'or liis great ability antl management Mr. Hickson was Knighted by Her .Majesty in 1S90. Sir Joseph Hickson has well merited this honor. Me is President ofolher roads and industries. He married, in 1869, Catherine Dow, niece of the great brewer, and has six children living. The position he now holds is entirely due to his honest ;ind straightforward dealings with his fellow men. As a writer says of him, " He does right because it is right." J. IJ. MEILLKUR, M.D., LI..IJ, Jean IUptiste Mkh.leur was indeed one of the literati of Canada, and a gentle- man of many attainments, to whose efforts we owe much of the i)resent admirable system of education in this i)rovince. Born at St. Laurent in 1796, he was educated in the College of Montreal, admitted to Medic;ine in 1825. and returned to Parliament in 1834. He was the first Superintendent of Education for Lower Canada. At the request of Lord Durham, with the assistance of the Abbe Duchaiiie, he conducted a polemical contest on the subject of electricity, and was engaged giving lectures on the foundation of the Society of Natural History, when he was apjjoinled Superintendent of Public Lislruction by Sir Charles JJagot, with the promise of that Governor that the situation should not be made a i)oliiical one. He made two trips round Lower Canada, to obtain information as to its extension, but failed. During the fifteen years and upwards that he occupied this elevated station, he contributed from the funds of the department to the foundation of forty-five superior educational establishments. He afterwards was Postmaster of Montreal, an office from which he retired and went to reside in Quebec. Dr. Meilleur was a member of several learned American and Canadian institu- tions. His principal works arc "A Treatise on the French," 1823 ; "New English Grammar," 1854, and " Traite sur I'art cxpistolaire," 1S53. 142 (lAZKTTKKK OK MONTREAL. GENERAL LORD DORCHESTER, K.H. a The iKimc of Dorchester deserves to be nn'iitionccl witli the greatest eulogy and praise, for the great services he rendered Canada in tiie two capacities in which he served her interests, as Commander-in-Chief, and as her (lovernorand tiie preserver of her high destinies. '' (liiy Carleton, Lord Dorcliester (the Saviour of Quebec, as he is called) rvas the descendant of an ancient and honored family, which had lived in Cornwall, J'higland, five centuries previous to the Norman conquest. He was born about the year 1725, and being destined for the army, entered its ranks after completing liis studies, and speedily made his way onward in the service. He accompanied Wolfe's e\i)edition to Canada, and was present at the hrst and second battles on Abraham's I'lains, in both of which he displayed such skill and jjrecision in commanding the part of the army under his c(;nnnand, as to leave no doubt on the minds of his sujjerior officers that he would rise to distinction in the profession he had chosen. Being, we believe, speciallv mentioned in the despatches of both Townshend and Murray, and having continued luider the command of the latter, was inomoted to the rank of ]5rigadier- General. In 1767, (leneral Murray having to proceed to England, the govermiient of the colony devolved on Carleton, who was much liked by the French Canadians and tlie English (of whom there were then few) generally. In 1770, he proceeded to J'jigland on leave of absence, and whilst there, the celebrated Quebec Act passed the Houses of Parliament, and some ascribe it in a great measure to re])resentations he made to the Home (lovernment respecting Canada, it being well known that he carried home a compiled form of the French civil laws, or Coiituines dc Paris, for the con- sideration of the Imjierial authorities. In 1774, General Carleton returned to Canada, and look prompt measures to carry out the provisions of his new instructions relative to the Act just i)assed. He had, however, little time to think or act upon this matter, for the next year the Americans, having declared their independence, entered Canada in large forces, with the hostile intention of wresting it from the hands of the English ; but they made a sad mistake in their estimate of the man they had to deal with ; brave and gallant, and of chivalrous courage, and yet perfectly cool and self- possessed in the greatest and most critical moments, Carleton, although with but eight hundred men at his disposal — all attempts to coax or coerce the natives to assist him proving fruitless — at once took measures to prevent the meditated attack. On the 17th September, Montgomery, with his army, amounting to two thou.sand, arrived at Isle-aux-Noix ; the fall of Chambly and St. Johns followed, and Carleton, in his endeavor to succor the latter, received a check from a part of the Americans, near Longueuil, which compelled him to retreat to Montreal. Here, anticipating the intention of Montgomery to take possession of the town, he burnt and destroyed all the public and valuable stores, and left the city one way, just as the American General was entering at the other. During the night, he had a narrow escape from the enemy, who was encamped at Sorel, and whose sentinels he had to pass in an opea fjAZKTTF.KR OF MONTRKAI.. I43 boat ; this ho accomplished with the aid of muffled oars, and arrived at Quebec on the iglh November, to the great joy of the people. He hastily made the most judicious arrangements in his power, for Arnold and Montgomery were advancing, and expelled from the city all those he thought were disaffected, who would not volunteer to defend it, and assist in strengthening the works. " The united forces of Montgomery and Arnold succeeded in gaining the city on the 4th of December, ;ind after concocting their ])lans, divided their forces so as to attack the city in several places; this Carlelon, nowise intimidated, became cognizant of, and on the Americans raising the siege, took renewed measures for the safety of the place. On the 31st, Montgomery was killed ; Arnold and Mf)rgan's forces were routed at first and captured afterwards, and the remnant of 'he American army com. pelled to retreat to some distance from the city. On being reinforced, however, during the winter they made a stand for another attack on Quebec, but disease and famine at last comitelled them to retreat, being actually chased towards Sorel by the gallant Carleton. In the spring, when the reinforcements arrived from England, he possessed himself of Crown I'oint, and launched a fine fleet on Lake Champlain, which, after several actions, completely annihilated that of the Americans. In 1777, upon Burgoyne being appointed Commander-in-Chief in America, Carleton, thinking that he had been slighted by the Government after his brilliant successes, at once dciuanded his recall, and proceeded to England. His suspicions, although well- founded, were, notwithstanding, unjust; for on his jjroceeding to i'aigland, he was well received by his sovereign, who conferred upon him the honor of knighthood. "In the year 1782, he was appointed as the successor of Sir Henry Clinton, Commander-in-Chief of all His Majesty's forces in America. He arrived at New York with his commission in the beginning of May. After the treaty of peace was signed, he delayed for some time the evacuation of the city, from regard to the safety of the loyalists; but on November 25th, 1783, he embarked, and withdrew the British ships from America. In 1786, on returning to Fngland,his grateful Sovereign was pleased to raise him to the peerage as Lord Dorchester, and Parliament voted him a pension of £1,000 i)er annum during his own life, and the lives of his wife and two elder sons ; and towards the latter end of the same year, he was again appointed Oovernor- General andCai)tain-General of Q';ebec, and Commander-in-Chief of the forces therein His re-appearance in Canada was hailed with delight by the majority of the jieople. Ke continued to govern the province until 1796, and during that time did much towards the welfare of the country, particularly ''n ameliorating the laws. " On his final departure, the unfeigned regret that was expressed was universal, and many were the addresses presented by the inhabitants to the good old General, conveying their heartfelt gratitude for all that he had done, and prayers for his eternal welfare. " His lordship, although, it appeared, a very strict disciplinarian in the execution of his duty, was as humane and kind of heart as any man that ever breathed ; indeed, his kind treatment of the French Canadians during his government and of the 144 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. American prisoners during the American war evinces that in the highest degree. He was, besides, a man of honor and a gentleman, a sincere Christian, and a devoted soldier and servant of his country. He married, in 1772, Lady Maria, daughter of the second Ivarl of Efiiinghani, by whom he had many children. His death occurred on the 19th November, 1808, in the fine old age of eighty-three." HON. GEORGE PYKE Was born at Halifiix, N.S., 1775. He practised as a Barrister in Quebec, and held the offices of Solicitor and Attorney-General and Advocate-General. He was promoted to the Bench of Montreal about the year 1820. He delivered the great judgment of the Court, maintaining the claim of the Cliurch of England to the University of McGill College, but which by mismanagement has been lost to that Christian body. He retired about the year 1844, and went to live at his country residence in the Seigniory of Vaudreuil, Hud'^on, which was beautifully situated on the banks of the River Ottawa, and wiiich he named " Mount Victoria." He died at Hudson, 1851, aged 76, much regretted. He left three sons, viz., George, for many years a chief clerk in the Prolhouotary's Ofiice of Montreal, afierwaids Deputy Prothonotary, and who died in 1882. John (M. D.) who died at St. Andrew's in 1847, ^^'^^ James W.. a clergyman of the Church of England, ordained in 1841, and appointed the same year to his present charge, viz.. Mission of Vaudreuil. On the i8th of October, 1891, he had served fifiy years — his Jubilee — in the Diocese of Montreal, and fifty years in the same Parish, which no other clergy- man of any denomination can say in the District of Montreal. He is now in his 75th year, and has seen great changes in the country since his appointment to the Mission of Vaudreuil. HENRY HOWARD, M.D., M.R.C.S.L. Eng., Was born in Nenagh, County Tii)perary, Ireland, on the ist December, 1815, and studied medicine in Dublin under the celebrated Dr. Jacob. He took his degree in London, England, in 1838, emigrating to Canada in 1842, first residing on Amherst Island, afterwards in Kingston, coming to Montreal in 1845. He practised iiis profession in Montreal till 1861, when he was appointed Superintendent of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. Johns, Q., which position he occupied till 1875, when he received the appointment of Government Sui)erintendent of the Longue Pointe Lunatic Asylum, which position he filled until the day of his death. Dr. Howard was author of several works, those most noted being " The Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the Eye," "The Philosophy of Insanity, Crime and Responsibility," "The Somatic Etiology of Crime," and other works. He was an honorary member of the American Association for the Cure of Inebriates, and an ex-president of the Medico- Chirurgical Society of Montreal, being its oldest member at the time of his death. Dr. Howard was a i)ersonality in his profession and as a public man, through his long public career of Superintendent of the Insane. His views on the subject of (,;A/K'n ki:k ok Montreal. 145 llie unbalancing of the niiiul were quite pronounee'l, and m sevei.il printed works he laid down the doctrine of Moral insanity, and upheld tlie efisenlial relations between physical lesion and mental and moral obliquity. In his professional relations I)r. Ho\/ard was highly esteemed for his old-fashioned sense of etiquette and the ob- servance of the normal jiropricties. In the intimacy of private life, he was a most estimable man, devotedly attached to his family, and thoroughly sympathetic to a wide circle of friends. The Doctor was good company, and had the gift of anec- dote and broad reminiscence of men and things. He liked to recall Ins student days in the old country, and his political adventures in Montreal, esj;iecially in the case of St. Patrick's Society, of wiiich he was at one time one of its most honored Presidents. He died at the age of seventy-two, on the 12th of (Jctober, 1SS7, altera life well spent, and left behind him the legacy of a name honored by the public at large, and beloved by his personal friends. He fought the battle of life with credit to himself, and with bei' fit to the nation — none the less great, because his worlli was what all true worth is, unassimiing and modest. LOUIS L. L. r)l-:SAUI.NIERS, M.U., Was born at Vamachiche, Quebec, i6th February, 1823. He is descended from an old and well-known family, three of his brothers having been Professors of Philosophy, Mathematics and Theology in tiie Colleges of Nicolet and St. Hyacinthe. He studied chiefly at Harvard University, Boston, where he graduated M.D. in 1S46. Since 1876 he lias resided in Montreal. He has been for years a member of the Council of Public Instruction, is also a member of the Medical Society of Mass., U. S., and for the i)ast twenty-three years he has been one of the Inspectors of Prisons and Asylums for the Province of Quebec. The writer has had now an intercourse of all this time with Dr. Desaulniers, and has ever found him a gentleman both in his official visitations and in private life. Through hi;: indefatigable exertions much of the great change to be seen in the condition of the criminal classes, and other letter means of classification, etc., are due to him, and the separation of the sexes in separate prisons was finally brought about by the work and perseverance of Dr. Desaulniers and his colleagues. JOHN A. PROCTOR Was born at Liverpool, England, in 1833, and came to Canada in 1838. For some time he was a Professor in the University of Lennoxville. His poems were published in the different journals of the day, but principally in the Gazette^ of Montreal. His "Essays of a Ragged Philosopher" appeared in The Freeman of Sherbrooke. In 1861, he published his book, " Voices of the Night." This work on its appearance stamped him as a poet of no mean ability. He has written several other poems since. JO 14.(M,. in 1866, and LL.D. in 1877. Was calK-d to the liar of l.owi'i Cmada, at .Montreal, in 1865. and comn:enced the practiie of his profession there. Mr. Ciihnan was married in May, 1866, to Amelia M., second daughter of the late lleorge \V. Weaver. Has always resided in Montreal, and taken an active interest in educatiiJiial work and municipal government. He represented St. .Antoine Ward in the City Council for a number of years, and was Chairman of the I'olice Committee. While in the (.'ity Council, in the year r88o, he was requested lo represent the City, and attended a grand celebration of the 250th Anniversary of the Settlement of JJoston, Mass., at which were present representatives from all the cities in America, and subsecpiently he attended the Sescpiicentennial at the Caly of Baltimore, as representative of Montreal. He is a l-ife (iovernor of the Montreal (leneral Hosjiiial, the Western Hospital, the Mechanics' Institute, and various other institutes and organizations in Montreal. Mr. Oilman has always been a Liberal in politics. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the County of Argenteuil in the Legislative .Assembly at the (leneral l'",lections in 1882. Was appointed to represent Wellington Divisi(jn (his native county) in the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec, 1687, ^^diich he still continues to represent. Was the first to introduce a measure in the Legislature to permit i)arlies to a civil suit to testify in their own behalf; was the first to introduce a measure for Compulsory Voting and for the Abolition of the Legislative Council. His family consists of wife and two sons. 154 (lA/KIl KKR OK MON TKKAI.. ALliXANDKR MILTUN ROSS, M.D. " This eminent Canadian pliilunlhropist, scientist .uul author has had a career of striking inleiest. IIi; was horn on December i^lh, iH3), the f imous liberal preacher and apostle of freedom, (jf Rlunle Island. His mother, Fiederika (irant, was the youngest daughter of |ohn(lr:iiil of liie lirilisli Army, wlio died from wounds re- ceived at Niagara, in the War of 1S12-14. His maternal grandmother was Mary jenks, a daughter of Josei)li Jenks, Colonial (iovttrnor of Rhode Island, (iovernor fenks has left a famous record of public services. He was Speaker of the House of R(;presentatives of Rhode Island, from October, iCajS to 1708 ; Deputy (Iovernor from May, 1715, l<> May, 1727 ; (Governor from May, 1727, to May, 1732. He was a staunch ;ind persistent friend and advocate of political and religious liberty. In his boyhood Dr. Ross made his way to New York cily, and after struggling with many adversities, became a compositor in the office of the Evening Post, then edited and owned by William Cullcn P.ryant, the poet. Mr. JJryant became much interested in young Ross, and ever .ifier remained his steadfast friend. It was during this period lie became acquainted with (leneral (iaribaldi, who at that time was a resident of New York, and employed in making candles. This acquaintance soon ripened into a warm friendship, which continued unbroken down to Garibaldi's death in 1882. It was through Dr. Ross' efforts in 1874 that (iaribaldi obtained his pension from the Italian (Government. In 1851, Dr. Ross began the study of Medicine, under the direction of the eminent Dr. Valentine Mott, and subsequently under Dr. Trail, the celebrated hygienic physician. After four years of unremitting toil, working as a compositor during the day , .1 I studying Medicine at night, he received his degree of M.D. in 1H55, and shortly after received tlie appointment of surgeon in the the army of Nicaragua, then commanded by General William Walker. He subsequently became actively and earnestly engaged in the anti-slavery struggle in the United States, which ciilmin.ited in the liberation from bondage of four mil- lions of slaves. Dr. Ross was a personal friend and co-worker of Captain John Brown, the martyr. Although Dr. Ross' sphere of labor in that great struggle of human freedom was less public than that of many others in the cause, it was not less important, and rejuired the exercise of greater caution, courage and determination, and also involved greater personal risks. Senator Wade, Vice-President of the United (lA/KTir.KR OF MONTkKAI.. 155 States, said in speaking of the abolitionists : — ' Ne/er in the history of the world did the same luiniber of men perform so great an amount of good for the human race and for their coinilry as tiie once desi)ised abohlionists, and it is my duty to add thai no one of their number submitted to greater i)rivations, perils or sacrifices, or did more in the great and noble work than ,\\ 'xander Ross.' lie has received the benediction of llie philanthropist and l)Oct, Whittier, in the followmg noble W()rds, which hnd their echo in the hearts of thousands : — l"'ur ills steadfast stu-iigth and courajjc In a dark and evil time, When tlu: Golden liiilc was treason, Ai. 1 to feed the lumtjry, crime. I'(jr tiie poor slave's hope and refuge, Wlien the hound was f)n his track, And saint and sinner, state and church. Joined hanils to send him V)ack. IJlessings upon him ! — What he did I'ur each sad, sulTering one, Ciiaincd, hunted, scouvfjed and hleeding, Unto oui l.ord was done. JoMN G. Wmriii'.k, Secri-taiy of the Comiention in 1X33 which formed the .hnericait Anti-Slavery Society. The sincere radical abolitionists, with whom Dr. Ross was laboring, were despised, hated and ostracised by the rich, the powerful ar.d the so-called higher classes ; but Dr, Ross always possessed the courage of his oi)inions, and prefers the ap])roval of liis own conscienr(,' to the smiles or favors of men. Dining tlu; Southern Rebellion he was employed by J'resident Lincoln as confidential correspondent in ("an;ida, and rendered very imjjortant services to the LFnited States Government. I'or this he re- ceived the special thanks of President lancoln and Secretary Seward. When the war ended, with the downfall of the Confederacy, Dr. Ross offered his services to rresident Juarez, of Mexico, and received the ap])ointment of surgeon in the ReiMib- lican army. 'J'he capliu'' of Ataximillian, and the speedy overthrow of the empire, rendered Dr. Ross' services unnecessary, and he returned to Canada and to the con- genial and more peaceful pursuits of a naturalist. The object of his ambition was now to collect and classify the fauna and flora of his native country, a labor never before attenjpted by a Canadian. He has collected and classified five hundred and seventy species of Irirds that regularly or occasionally visit the Dominion of Canada ; two hundred and forty species of eggs of birds that breed in Canada ; two hundred and forty-seven Hi)ecies of mammals, reptiles, and fresh water fish ; three thousand four hundred species of insects ; and two thousand species of Canadian flora. Dr. Ross has been a member of the British Association of Science for the last twenty-one years, and of the French and American Associations for the past seventeen years. He has devoted special attention to the ornithology, ichthyology, botany and ento- 156 (lAZKlTKKK OK MUNTkKAr.. mology of C'auada ; has personally inadf large and valuable collections of the fauna ami flora of Canada ; has enriched \>y his contrihulions the natural history museums of Paris, St. Petersburg, Vienna, Rome, Athens, Dresden, Lisbon, 'J'eheran and Cairo, witli collections of Canadian fauna and flora. He is author of ' IJirds of Canada ' (1872), ' Jiullerflies and Moths of ('anada' (1S73), 'Flora of Canada' (1873), * Forest 'I'rces of Canada ' (187.1), ' Mammals, Reptiles, and l'"resh Water I'"ishes of Canada' (1878), ' RecolkM-lionsof an Abolitionist ' (1867),' Ferns and Wild ] 'o\v- ers of C;iiKi(la ' (1877), 'Friendly Words to Boys and \'ouMg Men' (1864), 'Vaccination a Medical Delusion' (1885), and 'Natural Diet of Man' (1886). He received the degrees of M.I). (1855; and M.A. (1867) ; and was knightcil by the l'"\vooi) Was born in London, Mnphmd, ^snd OctoixT, 183a. His fadier was also a physi- cian, Dr. (lill)(.'it I*', (lirdwood. of Ivlinbni^h, bnt who pracliced Medicine for thirty live years in l-ondon. Tiie (lirdwood family bolonj^ecl to Corstorphine, near tlie Scoliisli Capital, wiiere they had been for over three hundred years. His mother was Susan, daughter of the Kev.'l'hos. i51a/,eley, once( haphiin to the Duke of Kent, fuller of Queen Victoria Dr. (lirdwood, the subject of this sketch, received his education in London at the L'niversity College and St. George's School of Medicine. In 185.1, he entered the army as Surgeon to H. .M. (Irenadier (luards. Here he served till December, 1861, when he was ordered to Canada, the "Trent" affair having disturl)ed the peace of this country with its neiglibors the I'niled States. Li 1864, lie retired from the service and was ai)|)ointed Surgeon to the Military Prison, Hochelaga, and also to the \'ictoria Rilles. In 1866. lu.' went to the front with this corps fiuring the Fenian excitement, and was appomled Medical Staff Oliicer of the Militia of Canada the same year. He has been Professor of Chemistry in Mcdill University from 1879 to the present day. He married a daughter of the late 'I'hos. K. Illackwell, C.l'l., and who was a grandmother of the celebrated Dr. liuckland, Dean of Westminster. Dr. (iirdwood is one of the most distinguished analysts in the city. VERY REV. ARCHUli.VCON l.EACH, l,I,.l)., U.C.L., Was a native of Berwick-on-Tweed, and received his early education there, com- pleting it at Stirling, before entering the University of lulinburgh, where he took his degree of ^LA. Shortly after this he came to (Janada, and for some years was minister of St, Andrew's Scotch Church, Toronto, and Chaplain to the 93rd High- landers. Ill 1843, he was ordained in the English Church by Bishop Mountain of Que- l)cc, and was the same year appointed Incumbent of St. (leorge's Church, Montreal, and continued for the long period of twenty years to be its faithful and conscientious pastor, when he resigned the Incumbency. By the late Bishop Fulford, Dr. Leacii was "collated and instituted to the dignity of Honorary Canon in the Cathedral Church of Montreal," and eleven years afterwards Bishop Fulford appointed him one of his domestic chaplains and Arch- deacon of (Christ Church Cathedral. Upon the recommendation of the late Dean Bethune and Bishop Mountain he was appointed as one of the Professors of McGill College as early as in the year 1846, an appointment, which received the confirmation of the Imperial Government. He was promoted shortly afterwaids to the office of Vice-Principal of that University and to that of Dean of the Faculty of Arts. He was for years a member of the Protestant Council of Public Instruction foi Lower Canada. He was Professor of English Literature in McGill College, holding the Molson Chair of the University, and also Professor of Logic. After an eventful and busy life he died some years ago. HON. HONORK MKRCIHR, y.C. OAZETTI'.KK i)l' .MON 1 Kl.AI.. l6l HON. IlONOUr; MliRi IKR. A liiof.RArincAi, sketch printed lilcvcn years agotluis speaks of our pre sent energetic I'rciniei : " 'I'lie nieml)er ot'tlie (^iiebei: Assembly for St. Ily.irinthe is a man of no )idiiiary parts." His after record justifies the jjrophecy of the writer of the sketch in tlie year iS.So, as found in [he '' Cii/hh/id/i tVu\^ral^ki:(il Dictionary :'' " He is a man of mark, and calcuhxted by Iiis magnetic power to exert a mighty inlUience. 'I'he sid)sequent years of his career fully verify this." I'erhaps no man in this prcstnt stage of the History of Canada has been more honored by the ecclesiastical powers that be, none more spoken of '• for evil and fur good report," none more criticised, none more blamed on the one hand and lauded on the other, none more looked up to by a certain portion of the political community, and none more looked down upon by the other, none more successful politically, none more ennobled by him who rules the spiritual destinies of more than 200 millions of the itdiabilants of the world, none more opposed by foes on the one hand, and none more upheld by friends on the other— than the subject of this sketcIi^HoN'oKi'; Mi;kiii;i<, PrivMiiir oi' (,)i;i:iiKC. He was born at Iberville on the 15th Octoboi-, 1S40. He received a first-class literary education at the Jesuit College, Montreal, entering the college at the early age of fourteen years. He studied Law with Mr srs. Laframboise iV I'apineau, of St. Hyacinthe, and was admitted to the Wwx in 1S65. Kven in his younger days he engaged, as almost all our young r'rench legal and medical students do, in literary pursuits. '1 his is an incentive to our I'jiglish stuilents. My experience after years in Montreal and Canatla shows me that the French students in their colleges, ami when studying their professions, are much more given to literary pursuits than their English confreres. When Mr. Mercier was admitted to practice he then dra intro- duction, which contains the historical part, is treated in a most lucid manner. In 1868, he published another work entitled, "Considerations sur les loisciviles du mariage." This work first appeared in the columns of the Nouveau Monde. In 1869, he printed the "Etude sur I'Acte Concernant la Faillite." " M. Girouard exprime le regret de voir de si notables alterations s'op6rer dans notre droit, et compliquer dans une certaine mesure le fonctionnement, des rdgles courtes et simples du droit commun de nos lois statutaires. Cette brochure se recommande par des commentaires et des discussions utiles. Elle est divis6e en dix-sept chapitres et subdivisee en cent un paragraphes. L'auteur fait preuve des connaissances sur ce sujet, mais la phraseologie est loin d'Otre irreprochable." r.AZKTTKKR OF MOiNTRKAI,. 165 In the work which Mr. Clirouard puhhshed on marriage, taken from a notice in a recent Krencli work, he divides his part on Catholic marriages into four sections, viz.: 1st. " I'ai face de I'l'lgMse; 2nd. I'ar le propre cure des parlies; ^^rd. Apres pul)Hcation on dispense des bancs ; 4lh. iCnfm, il nc doit exister aucun empeche- mcnt non disjjense par leur eveque." In the Protestant marriages it is thus divided: — " l,e mariagc des Protestants doit aussi etre celehre par leur propre ministre; ii doit etre celelre publiquenient apres publication de bancs, suivant les usages de chaque congregation ; unc licence de mariage dispense de toutes ces formalites, il suftlt alors (|u'il soit celebre par le minisire des parlies, sans autre forme." He promoted and carried, during the session of 1S82, the l>il! authorizing mar- riage with a deceased wife's sister. Mr. (lirouard has contributed a great deal to tlie columns of the Revue Criti(/tie, in which he writes in the English language. These writings on the reports of the Church and State show much work, much research and a great love of study. He has held the position of one of the members of the Counsel of the Montreal Bar, and has always maintained a high position in the city as an intelligent and well instructed advocate; hence he has often been retained in some of the niosl important law suits which have a|)peared before the Court for the [)asi years. His Parliamentary career miy be thus summed up. He was first returned to Parliament for the present seat at the General Elections of rSyS. Was an unsuccess- ful candidate for Beauharnois at the elections of 1874. He was re-elected for Jacfjues Cartierin 1882,. and also at the last Ceneral I'^lections. J5esides the carrying through of the above very important Bill, he has been Cliairman of many imi)ortant Committees in the House. Mr. Girouard first married the daughter of the well-known and much respected citizen, John Pratt, Esq. This lady having died, he again married an American lady, Essie Granwell, of New Orleans ; his third consort is I'^dith B., daughter of J. Beatty, M.D., of Cobourg, and has an interesting family. SIR HUGH ALLAN Was born at Saltcoats, in the County of Ayr, Scotland, on the 2gth September, 1810. He was the second son of the late Captain Allan; who was long and favorably known as a lighly jjojjular shipmaster, trading between the Clyde and Montreal. During the thirty years he was engaged \\\ that business, the different ships he com- manded were much sought after by passengers ; and several persons still living throughout the Province retain to this day pleasant reminiscences of the voyages which they made across the Atlantic under his watchful care. Sir Hugh sailed from Greenock for Montreal, on the 12th of April, 1826, in the hng Favorite, of which his father v.. is then commander, and his eldest brother second officer. Arriving in Montreal he fiUca m engagement in the establishment of Wm. Kerr & Co. After this he travelled for some time in the United States, and re. visited Scotland, where he remained one year, and returned to Montreal. lf>() r.AZKTTKKR OK MONTPKAL. Having decided to make ii Iiis liome he entered the fiini of J. Millar iS: Co.. shipbuilders and shipix.'rs, and thus had ample scope in the display of his .icciuircd knowledge. So well did he ac(piil himself, that after the short period f)f four years he was admitted as a jiartner of the firm. In the year i,S,?8 Mr. Miller died, and the husiness was thereafter conducted by I'.dmonstone vV Allan, which firm, through various mutations of title, and vastly iiicieased business relations, is still continued under the title of H. \- A. Allan, In i837-.^8 .Sir Hugh served as (^ajitain in the Volunteers. He was President of the Montreal Telegraph Company, of the Canadian Navigation ("oinpany, the Merchants' Hank of Canada, Lake Meni|)hrcn)agog Navigation Company, the Mul- grave (lold Mining Company, Montreal Warehousing Company, \'ermont and Canada i\[arble Company, besides a great number of other industries and comjianies. Indeed no man in the Dominion of Canada deserved public lecognition like Sir Hugh Allan, and therefore Her .Most (iracious Mi'jesly the (Jueni on her ])art acknowledged his past sevvices by Knighting him with her own hand, and theieby ])roving thai indomitable perseverance and continued industry will ultimately and always succeed. He died some years ago. A.NDRLW ALLAN, Tifi; brother of Sir Hugh, and the third of the four sons of the late Captain .V. Allan, was also born at Saltcoats, Ayrshire, Scoiland, on the ist l)eceml)er, 1822. On compleu'ng his education he came to Montreal, and entered into business in the firms with which his elder brother was connected, and he continued throughout to be an energetic and i'xlustrious sujjporter of all the commercial enterprises in which Sir Hugh has been engaged. He married a daughter of the late Mr. John Smith and sister to Lady Allan. Mr. Allan is President or \'ice-President of many of our most enter- prising conii)anies, ever ready to lend his hand and means to the advancement of Montreal and everything connected with its development. We feel pleasure in appending the foil >ving record, from a liiverpool paper of the Allan Line of Steam- ers, as an honor to these gentlemen and to Montreal itself: — " As an instance of the great development of the Canadian trade, we may remark that up to the year 1S40, about a dozen sailing vessels of from four to five hundred tons register were sufficient to conduct all the trade that then existed. Now the Allan Company alone possess twenty-one first-class steamers, with a gross tonnage of 56,000 tons, the bulk of which are engaged in the Canadian trade. From the year 1840 to 1S50, the sailing tleet of the Allan Company was increased according to the advance of the Canadian trade, the requirements of which were attentively watched by the late Mr. Jiryce Allan, Mr. Alexander Allan, Mr. Andrew Allan, and the late Sir Hugh Allan. Nearly all the CajHains in the service have been, literally speaking, born in it, and consequently have a thorough knowledge of the trade. "Towatds 1850 the various Provinces now forming the Canadian Dominion OAZKTTKER OK MONTRKAI,. 1^7 awitkc from a loii^ Ictharj,'/. iiiid, no iloul)!, insiiircd hy wli.U was |)as-.iiii; in the United States, (Ictermincd lo t-ntir with rarncstncss into the sLug^lo tor rcci ignition as a power in the world. 'The leading men ol" Canada, the major portion of whom Were Scotch eitiier hy birth or descL-nt, hei;an to turn their minds to the o|)fningMi) of the conntiy, by railways, canals, and the establishment of a more regul.ir and rapid connnnnication with the mother country. 'I'he enormous stream of emi- gration whi( h was then ll )wing from the old to the new world attracted their atten- tion, ami to some extent nilurally .iroiis;,'d their jealousy. Th'-y were nnt the meii to rest rjuietly on their o irs without making any attempt to discover whether there wiMe not hundreds and thousands of Kngli^hmen, Irishmen and Scotchmen who. while they were desirous to emigrate, looked with more favor on the United Slates than Canada. ll was, therefoie, against many and dif^'icull obstacles that Messrs. .Allan established a line of steamships to promote and accommodate the growing trade between (Ireat liritain and the Dominion of Canada, and also for the ])urposc of carrying the mails. At this period the sailing lleet of the Allan Company numbered I'liteen vessels ; but in the year 1S53 two hue iron screw steamships were added t j the lleet. 'I'liese were llie Indian and the Canadian of 1,500 tons register, and 230 nominal horse-p :wer each. 'I'hesf vessi.'ls were intended to trade regularly l)etween Liverpool and (Quebec and Montreal. In the bi'ginning of 1857, the fleet having been increased by the steamers North American and Anglo-Saxon, the .Mian Company enteretl into arrangements with the Canadian (iovernment for a fort- nightly service of mail steamers between Liverpool and (Quebec in the summer, and Portland (Maine) in the winter months ; and since that ilate the Comjjany has carried the Canadian mails under contract with the (lovernment of Canada. In 1859, however, the origuial contract was extended to a weekly instead of a fortnightly .sailing, which continues u[) to the present dale — the steamers leaving Liverpool every Thursday, calling ai Moville on the following day for the supplementary IJrilish mails. In addition lo this service, the Allan Company a few yea.s ago entered into a fresh contract with the Canadian (lovernment ibr the carriage of the mails between Liverpool and Halifax, Nova Scotia; and St. Jcjhn's, Newfoundland. In 1859 the trade between Liverpool and Canada had so far increased that the Messrs. Allan were obliged to add fr)ur new steamers to their lleet; and from that year u\) to the present time their line of steamships iias increased until it stands at its present strength. In connection with the construction of their steamers we may slate that Messrs. Allan were the first Company to adopt t!ie spar or Hush deck to their steamers, and in doing this ihey were opposed strongly by the I>oard of Trade, who would not allow them any concession in the way of measurement for harbor clues, etc., and thus put them at the great disadvantage of placing su])erior ships at an extra cost upon the transatlantic line of traffic, without the slightest recognition of the circumstances in their favor. lUit when the unfortunate London went down in the Bay of Biscay the death-knell of the open deck system was tolled, and the Board of Trade itself was literally * pooped,' and it was compelled by the inexorable logic I'')S (iAZKTTKKR OF MONTKKAL. of facts to lake cugniz.iiicc of the value (jf Messrs. Allan's iiiipiovciiieiil l;y making over to tliein tlie lu'cessary concessions in the way of a reduction of nieasiiriMni-nt. Now, with lull few exce|)lions, all the recently constructed slcaniers employed m the Atlanlii: trade have the s|)ar deck, than which nothin.i,' condu<'es more to the safety and (;i)niforl of the passengers — as. even in the heaviest weather, a vi'ssci with ;i spar deck is, as a rule, dry. 'I'lie Ililiernim, which was co'.slrucled in i,S6i, u.i> the first ' covered-in ' vessel of the Allan Meet. " Wc may stale thai during' llu' ( "rimean war Uvo of .Messrs. Allan's sleannTs. vi/., the Indian and Canadian, were employed in the transpori service, in conveying' IJrilish troojjs from I'orlsmoulii. and French troops from Nfarseilles ; whilst the .Sarniatian and Maniloban were employed in a similar service in connection with the Aslianlee campaign." The followinf^ is a partial list of the steamers belonging to this great Ocean Steamship Comiiany : — Ships. I'lins. Sardinian 4,200 Circassian .?.3i i Scandinavian 2.S40 Moravian ,v40o Hibernian ■2-75- Nova Scotian 3-. 305 Maniloban --395 Polynesian .v9''^5 .Sarmalian .v^>47 Prussian --794 Peruvian ,11270 Caspian 2,728 DU CAI.VKT. In reading the second division or part of the History of Canada, we perceive a figure who stands forth as the glorious defender of our rights. This figure, this type, this old patriot is Du Calvet. He was arrested 27111 .September, i7eSo, over 110 years ago, because of his liberal ideas, and was cominilled lo prison by the order of Governor Haldimand. There he was de[)rived of his papers and his money. Aft^r his libera- tion he went to I*aigland to demand justice from King G(iorge, and there requested that Haldimand be brought to London that he mighl be accused before an English tribunal. There was no attention paid Lo his request. He, however, published a volume of letters, which Carneau declares to be written in a style showing a tiery and independent spirit. His works were printed in London in 1784. He was one of the first Justices of the Peace in the City of Montreal. His work treats of Cana- dian History between the years 1774 and 1791. OAZF.TTKKR <)K MONIKF.Al.. I^>9 I must give to the present generation some of the hhcr.il ideas whit.h lie heUl at that early period, and whirl) liive many of them been since made law. ist. Pre- servation of the French I/iws. The I,aw of I lal)eas Corpus. Trial l)y Jmy. Iinmova- hilily of F.ogislalive Councillors and Jud^i-s. The tlovcrnor amenable to the Laws of the I'rovince. l-'.slablishnuMU of an I'ilcctive I^cgisLilive Chaniltcr (.NssL'Uibly). The nomination of six mcniljers to represent Canada in the Imperial Parliament, three from the District of (Quebec and three from llu- District of Montreal. Liberty of Conscience, a person not to 1il' (K.pri\ed of his civil wrights for the cause of Religion. The creation of a Canadian Kiginicnl of two battalions. Liberty of the Press. (Colleges for tliL' edniMlion of the yonng, to employ the Jesuit l'',si;ites for carrying on surh. and Public Schools in the Parishes ; and lastly, .>[attirali/ation of Canadians lluoughout the Hritish I'anpire. One must conie lo the conclu-«ion afl>'r reading the jbove, llial Dii Calv^i was a tine patriot, but born years before some of these very things were at last procured by Canadians. Me is indeed (ine of tlie brightest stars in the gala\y of Canadian History. IHJN.M.I) M,\l MAS TKU, (J.C, Was born in (Jlengarry, September , yd, 1S41. He was ediicaleil at the Cirainmar School of Williamslown, aflerw.irds in McCill University, where he lonk the degree of IJ.C.L. in .March, 1871. In the College he was senior honor man and golil medal- ist, prize essayist and valedictorian of the year, a series of distinctions rarely falling lo the lot of any one young man. After the study of his rurricubnn in Law he was called to the P>ar of (Quebec, January, 187 r, and to the Oniario Par. January I, 1S82. He was made a ().C. at the same ti me. l-'irst elected to represent (llengarry in the Legislature of Ontario in 1879, he continued such for three years. Resigning his seat he ran for the House of C'ommons, .May, 1S82, and defeated lion. I ). .\. Macdonald, cx-Ciovernor of Ontario, by a majority of 224 votes. Mr. MacMaster has resided in Montreal since 186S, and is now the senior partner of the well-known firm of ALicMaster iV McCibbon. He married, September, 1880, Janet Sandfield, daughter of Ronald Sandfield McDonald, of Lancaster, She died in 1883. Mr. ^LlcMastcr is one of our f(jremost lawyers, h aving for years past eschewed jtolilics and devoting himself entirely lo the ever-increasing duties of lus profession. He has lately been appointed one of the Royal Coniniissioners in the investigation of the affairs of the Government of Quebec. Mr. MacMaster has conducted some important cases before the Privy Council of Lngland. REV. JAMES SOMERVILLE. Hf, was a native of Lanarkshire. At an early .age, he was sent to Glasgow University, where he passed his curriculum and com jjleted his course in Arts at seventeen years of age, just when most young men are thinking of beginning. After his Divinity course, he was licensed to preach in 1799. In 1802, he landed in Quebec, to under- take the education of the children of the large Scottish lumber merchants resident there. He was then only twenty-seven years of age. His school afterwards was IT* (,.\7.v:nr.Y.H uk montkkm,. wtll known, cspcii.illy wlun Dr. Wilkic, wlio suiu.ix'ilod liiiii, w.is at its lic.iil. A ycir aftiT his nrriv.il, lie w.is ord.iiiu'il. in NlDuircil, tr> St. (lilnicl (,'liiir«:lj. I!" was a ni.ui of nincli social i'.'.tlncncc, and, on account of his iMiidition and positiot', he held a large amount of sway among the Scolcli citi/cns of Montreal at this time. His name is the first in tlur Monlreil ("urlinj^ (!lul), oryani/ed in iSay. lie heg.m a l,iter.uy .Society in iHog. lie als ) greatly contrihuted to the existent e of the " Natur.il History Soi ietv " and the "Montreal (lemr.d llospit.il." Tiie first of lliesc iusiiluiioiis w.is Imin if»th ,\l,iy. iSjy. He left a iari^e hi'ipiesl to it .it his de. nil —the haline.- of his est.Ue, after paying ei'M.iiii legacies. Tiies^eond — the (ieiieral I lospital — .Mr. Somerville often said, was due to his servant filling sick of an iiifettious fevi-r. Slie hail no friends nor plac-' in the city. Some friends and he took .1 hiiiise and sent her to it. ()iliers re(piired the same, so arose that moj^t Christian of all Institutions, the ( i.'!ieral Hospital. .Mr. .Soiiii'ivillc was twice mariied. Ills tiisi wife was M.ui.iinu' \'citili. of Kdiiihiirgh, to whom he was united Sih July, 1S03. She died when her il.iughter, naniL'd al'ti-r le r, w.is horn in iSoT). Two years after, he manied, 4lh .\pril, iSoS, ("harlolte lilaney. .\fter thirteen years, his wifi- died on tiie trip from (Jiiehee to Montreal, leaving one child, a son, who subsecpieiitly du'd .it nineti'eii years of age, a bright medical siiidtiii. who had caiiglit fever from a patient he was visiting I'his. with his daughter's death, only three months after her hmther, rendeied his Imme wifeless and fiillKT IttHMiiU' tlur (lovorniiu'iit School Tcai Iut, hoidiiig ilic piisilion uiuil his ilatli. wiiicii occiirnd in iS.'f». His moihir .1111! family icniovid to Moniri-al in tin." year 1S35. After servinj^ an apprenticeship to the liookhindiiii; .nul book selliny l)nsincss, partly with A'riel Howinan iml fiii ishiiii,' with Cainphi 11 nry>on, he torn nieiiicd business on his own aciomit in 1.S41. Since thai lime he h.is contimi'.'d. first in his own name, and afterwards with his biother Adam as K. \ A. MilUi until their (lissolulinu in iSfi^.,nid now ft)r some yeais as Robert Miller, Son iv: Company, to carry on an extensive business as wholesale dealers and importers of stationery, paper lianj;inj;s. .md pidilishers of school books, to^elher wi'h bookbinding in all its branches, and still j,'ives his personal attention lo all ordeis I'liiiusti'd to hi-> Mouse. lie has during tliese years been an active member of the Methodist ("hurt li» the \'i)un;j; Men's Christian Assoc i.itioii, and ttie lii-^h l'rote-.iaiu Henevolcnt Society. Rol Ik ktj\ , <.».("., Was hom in Monlreal, jth January, iSji. His father wus Joseph Koy, who>e sketch is given elsewhere in this woik. 1 lis mother was Miss laisignan, who belonged *o a family of ll.iliaii origin, .lud which was allied to the noble house of the Rouer dc ^'illel()y of France. Our genial City Aitoniev was eiluciied at the .Montreal College, where he took a full classical course under .Mon^ieur It.iyle, and finished his curricu- lum in 1S3.S. lie then eiUereil the olVice of the celebrated Hon. M. O'Sullivaii. who was oiice Solicitor (leneral for Lower Canada and afterwards Chief Justice ofChiebec. Mr. Roy continued hi-^ studies under the lion Andrew Stewart, when lion. M, O'.Sullivan was raised to the lleiich. lie made such a biilliaiU (ourse that before he was twenty years of age he had com])leled his Law studies as a student. He was called to the J5ar of (Jiuebec, I'V'bruary, 1842, and ajipointed (Jiueen's Counsel in 1864. In 1862, he was elected as joint City Ailorney, and acted as such till 1876* when he became City .Vltorney. In 1856,110 was elected Syndic of the I!. ir, and held that position for four years. In 1864. he was appointed President of the Library Committee of the Mar and has been ever since, Mr. Roy is tpiite a linguist, know- ing exceedingly well Latin, (Ireek, Italian and iMiglish, and being well versed in Creek study, a branch of language not much followed in Canada. Some very impor- tant cases have been handled by Mr. Roy successfully, and he has more than once been before the Privy Council in England in support of the City. He was married 22nd January, 1857, to Coriiuie lieaudry, daughter of the late Hon. Justice Heaudry. Of a large family he has on one son, who is making his mark as civil engineer in Canada. 1 72 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. HON. CHARLES UK llOUCIIliRVILLE, Th:. Prime Minister of tlie Province of Quebec, conies of an old and most dis- tin,miislK'd I'Vcncii family. The lloiiclicrs and Dc Hoiichervillcs for over two liun- dred years have played no unimportant part in the history of Canada. The first known of the family in Canadian annals was Lieutenant-Cieneral Pierre lioucher, Sieur de (Irosbois, who was Governor of Tlirce Rivers in 1653, and tlie founder of the Seigniory of Houciierville. He was a man of great distinction and influence in his day. The fither of the Premier was also one of Canada's able legislators, being one of tiie Legislative Council t'or Lower Canada for many years. The subject of this sketch was born at the family seat, Houchervilie, in 1820. He was educated at the St. Sulpice College in this city, and subsequently went to Paris to finish Iiis medical studies, and graduated with the Iiighest honors in his profession. IL; did not enter ])()lilical life before 1S61, when he was elected to the House of Assembly fi)r the County of Cliambly, which he continued to represent until 1S67, when he was appointed a Legislative Councillor of (J;uebec Province, and became a member of the Chauveau Ministry, with the office of President of the Council, which oflice he held until 1S73. On the reconstruction of the Cabinet on September 2, 1S74, he was entrusted with the formation of a Ministry. This he successfully accomplished, taking for iiimself tiie portfolio of Secretary and Registrar and Minis- ter of Public Instruction. In 1876, he changed his portfolio for that of Agriculture and Public Works. J'^arly in ^Larch, 1878, the De Boucherville Ministry were sud- denly dismissed from office by the late Lieut. Governor Letellier de St. Just on alleged charges of extravagance and of giving way to undue influence of railway *' rings " of supporters in the House and their friends, contractors, etc. These reasons appeared sufficient for the Lieut. Governor to dismiss them, and with very little time or ceremony they were put out of power. Mr. De IJoucherville, feeling that fair play had not been meted out to him, refused to name a successor, and thereupon Mr. Letellier sent for Hon. Mr. Joly de Lotbiniere and invited him to form a Ministry, which he did. One of his contemporaries was Hon. Honore Mercier, now dismissed in turn by Governor Angers, who was then a colleague of Mr. De Boucherville and Attorney General. In October, 1S79, the Joly Ministry was defeated, and Mr. Chapleau came back to power with the Conservatives and as Premier, but Mr. De Boucherville did not enter the Cabinet, having accomplished all he wanted in driv- ing his opponents from office. In 1879, he was called to the Senate of Canada. He was married twice, his second wife being Mile C. Lussier of Varennes, who died a few days ago. Last December he was called on to form a new Ministry on the dismissal of the Mercier Cabinet, which he did, and the result of the Elections of tlie 8th of March last has replaced him in power with an overwhelming majority. C.AZKTTEER OK MONTRl.AL. I 73 KOlfKRT ARMOUR. Thkre were three brothers, Rol)ert, Hugh and Shaw — all born in Kilnia'-nock, Scot- land. Robert, the eldest, came to Canada in 1798. lie commenced business in Montreal, and soon became the head of t'.j firm of '' R. Armour i\: Co." in 1S17, his name occurs as the senior partner of the firm of Robert Armour \', Davis. Robert, his son, died in Montreal, 1S59. He had been the first partner in the old and well- known i)ublishing firm of " Armour vs: Ramsay." They had owned the Gazette for many years. His uncles, Hugh and Shaw Armour, had come to Canada a few years after their brother Robert. Hugh died in icS22 at St. Therese, and Shaw removed to Upper Canada in 1S20, where his descendants are found at the present day. IIHW RAMSAY. Hkw Ramsay was well known in Montreal thirty-five years ago. He was a pub- lisher with Armour. He married Agnes Hunter, and then resided at a fine suburban residence at the Tanneries called *' The Glen," where he died some years ago. Their son, the late advocate, Robert A. Ramsay, was a brilliant youth, and at his death was universally lamented. He had passed most successfully through McCill High Scho;>l and the University, and was one of the Fellows when he died. Mrs. H. Ramsay died not long since. JOHN FISHER Wa.s born in Montreal in 1788, thus his family must have been among the earliest in the city. When he grew up, his business was known as that of *' Daniel \: John Fisher," grocers and dry goods merchants — or what was in those early days " a general store," as seen in the country at the })resent day. In Ocober, 182 1, he married Miss Hunter of Quebec. She was one of the handsomest women of her times, and the writer well remembers her, between forty and fifty years ago, as such, with her daughters. They lived then in St. Antoine street. He represented Montreal West in the Provincial Parliament from 1830 to 1834. After an eventful life he died in Montreal. EUSTACHK PRUDHOMME . Was a Notary of Montreal, being born there, and studied in that city. His poetry is most descriptive, and for the most pait published in the Revue Canadienne. In the one " Mon Village " the author shows an immense amount of vivacity. His best poem is " Les Martyrs de la Foi en Canada." For this work he obtained the silver medal in the Congress of Poesy, in 1868. He was also honorably mentioned in that of 1867 for his poem of " La d^couverte du Canada." . ., ,, . 174 OAZETTEKR OK MONTREAL. DAVIIJ MORUICE. The subject of this sketch was born in Penh, Scuthmd. His was a home where i;arcful Christian advantages of teaching were seen in everything. Me attended tiie Higli Scliool of his native city, and received there a thorougli secular and . He sUidied l.awin the otticcs of die late Honorable U.S. DeHleury and the livle Andrew Robertson, Q.C., and was admitted to the Mar in 1S4.S, and in the lollowinj^' year accepted a i)osition in the I )epartnaeiit of" ('rown Lands, and for many years had charge of the Jesuits Ivstates propeily and t'ue R'>yal I H)inam, consisting of die Crown Seigniories, Mines and Fisiieries. He resigned liis office at Confederation in iiSo;. and came to Montreal to practice I. aw in partnership with the present judge Wiirtele. The firm, which is tlie Solicitor of several large financial institutions in tliis city, is now Judah, Br inchaud \' Kavan.igh. He was married in iSt,i to Miss Sarah C^aine. daughter of the late John Caiiie, and descendant of the lalo William Lapsley of (llasgow, Scotland, and has seven children. He was created a Queen's Counsel in tin: year 1887. Mr. Judah replaced his uncle, the Lite Henry Jiidah, O.C., and (!hief Seigniorial Commissioner, whose heir he was, and is one of the largest real estate owners in Montreal. He is a Director of the City and District Savings Bank. 12 Ijfi l.MtnUk OV MoNIKEAL. I . » . 1)A\ II), J.I'. 'Ihk siil'jcrt of this skclrli is tlii" son of D.iviil I'loiiry havid, snilptoi . Iti' w.iH born ill Saiill-aiix Ki.'fdllcts in tH:.\, and tdiu .it<'il tlurc. In 1M4J, lir married (»liv<^, the tlnnghter of Mr. lMMn<,ois Moycr, who h.iving diod in 1.S6S, he then married Sopliic Homier, ri'li«;i <>( iIh- late lox-pli Pi|iin, Ksii., M.I'. P., a l<;ane of them, a lawyer by profession, had a dnel with a person named js. Seoti, who. altlioii_t;h a novice, slior Sweeny in the leg. IVc-vioiis to this he had liad an affa r of honor with the ( elel)rali. d Walker, also a brother lawyer, when lu* shot Mr. W'alkei in the hand, thereby destroying one of his hngers. The eVv'iil of the family was the tragedy in which Robert Sweeny had a mis- understanding with a Major Ward of the '" Royals," then quartered iii Montreal. He was, like his brother, a lawyer, and the (piariel arose about Sf)ine foolish nonsense connected with his wife, who afterwards as a widow married the late Sir John Rose, Hart. Having sent a challenge lo Major Ward, they met May 22n(l, 1.S38, ami Sweeny, who had an unerring aim, shot his f)pponeiit dead. The witnesses or the seconds with Sweeny immediately tied to the L^nited States. The f)nly witness besides was a French farmer called Lanoueftc. The dnel was Ajiight on " the old Race Course." Lanouette said to Sweeny : " Vous avez mal commence votre jonrnee." At the (Irand Jury, no witnesses app'^aring, Sweeny had a " No IJill.'' Afterwards he returned to Montreal, but he died not long after from melancholy over the sad event. He was well known among the Cavalry Volunteers of Montreal at that time, and it is said he could hit a i)osi at full gallop ivery tim^^ so true ,ind sjilendid a marksman he was, hence the melancholy death of poor Major Ward. ROHERT ANDERSON Was born near Glasgow, Scotland, some eighty years ago, and removed to Mon- treal in the year 1840. By diligence, prudence and temperance he has amassed one of the largest fortunes in the city. He has ever been ready to aid each good cause, and especially his own Church, the Presbyterian, has received many substantial testi- monies of this. He is Vice-President of the Merchants' Bank, and has always been an active worker in the Church. Mr. Anderson has never married. His property consists almost entirely of stocks — bank and otherwise. iith I,oc»l>>, • >iii.irHi. jaiiu.iry, iSi;, ami uiinoved to Montreal iti iHa6. Whilst :i v'oui)^ Ml. Ill Ml. ilolioii ciigajjcil in ciinincrt i.tl I'lirHUit^. .itid lor years w. IS ;i nu'iiihiT s, ami was (.oiuiocl»'tl with the tirtu i>((l/owski \' Co , wIk> built a ( iiiHiJcrahli- p.irt of thr (oaml 'rniiik west of I'otonto Hi- was lor soiiu- tiim' i rnciultcr of tin Muntual (oipoiation, was ri'peatcilly I'tcsidi nt n( the Hoaul ol Tra le and Montreal Savings IJank, was a Harbor Conunissinncr and a hircitorof the late City I'.ank \h sat Ur Montreal in the Canadian .\sseml)ly from 1H5.J t" 1857. Ironi 1H5J to 1857 he was a (iovcrnor and hner.tor of thr (irand 'I'mnk K.ulwa\. Ilr was a njcmlur of tiic IvKcriuivo t'ouncil of C.iiiada for thf IJtowii horion Administration, holding otfn cson these two o(«:asions of Commissioner of Public Works, :uv\ in the Short Administration that of Minister of Kin in»:e. He was .1 incinbei fn tin \ ictoria Division of tin Legislative Couiirjl oi Canatla from i80j to iS6;>. Being appoinietl Minister of I'lnance, he resigned and was re- turned for (.'h.iteaumiay, winch he re|>re^cn(eil till 1867, and after Confederation to liis momhkai,. JOHN JAMEs UAV, g.C. ThI lubjcct of the follnwitiK Hkctrh ih piTitApH the oldeit of our Ailvoiatcx, niul Ihcn'forc the hither of Iho Nhmtrral Har. I'oHU'ssiiig .i f.loar ami roinprcltcuHivo niimi, antiiviny aiui dini iius'^ u|" iiiirpnso. whuli .uhiiittoil (»l ii" ili'rttrfion, he has^ nlways bei'n m tlie world ol niiiul and ,u ikm) a powciliil .ind tiio^i rciiiarkalik' iiiaii. Ilori) in London, linKland, Sc|ttrn)i)cr iiih, iMus, :i month hcfore the heroic Nelson tell in liis decisive battle of 'Irafalgar, \\r grew up aninl the wiUJantI ev»'iln^^ iccncii wliieh niarl^ed the splendor and die (all of Napoleon Itonaparte, and .itnon^ his earliest recoliec tioii!> would lie tlx- national joy and t'estivilies which lollowed the «i(»vvnniK vieloiy ol Waterloo. in the year 18^4, lie niairicd Cybella Ann, only daughter df Thomas Ivistman, a prominent l.omlon merchant and shipowner. Leaving the land "i ins nativity, he crossed the ocean, and passing through the United Slates, ariivcd in Montreal in the aiilunni of 1S28. Dcterinining to make the Law his profession, he studie. It. \iger wai in d.mger, through the in. union uf the civic authorities, of being irretrievably tost. 'i'hc subject of this memoir was also one of the originators and fotinders of the Montreal Hi^^h School, an institution which has had the honor of educating liinidreds of the leadmg men of this city and Province. At hist afhliated witli Mctiill College, it stood as an adjunct to that famous seat of learning ; subseiiuenily, however, it was made over to the Protestant School Commissioners, nndei whose c.ire it has remained ever since. Mr. Day w'as also one of the promoters of the Mount Koyal Cemetery, a quiet resting place for tlie sainted dead, which has elicited the i)raise of ail who have visited it. It was. however, during the stormy scenes of the Rebellion Losses Bill, in 1849, that the strong, manly and determined character of Mr. Dr.y shone out with peculiar lustre. He alone went to Lord Klgin, at that time residing in Monklands. and urged him to visit the city and assert his authority as the (Governor (leneral of the country and the representative of the (^ueen. .Mr. Day considered that by His Excellency adopting such a course, not only would the dignity of the Crown be maintained, but also the lawlessness and anaichy then ramj>ant in the city be effectually suppressed. OAZETTr.RR Of MoNTMrAI.. iHl III 1HA3, A% a mark of the liigh CMtiniutinn in whicli he wan lielil, Mr D.iy wa* .ip|i()iiitc(t (.Micimi'k C'oudmcI, .III lioiittr wliitli he- richly itoitcrvcil. It in unly |Uf»tu-c to Mr. D.iy to nt.ite that throut(hoiii his hmK lo^.il pr.ictirc he h.tn r\i'r hccii liiHtin- miishcd !)>■ two fj;rc,it .uul ivcr to b«' .ipprcn.itcil virtm-s. \Vr n-fir />/>/, to his in tciisf hoiiisty am! iiitf^^riiy if piirpuM'. Scokiiin only wli.il was riyht rithcr ihui what was protitaldc, ho has cariifil for liiiusrlf 1 reputation mori* to he tlcsirrcl ih.in tiiic ^oltl Aiu] vz-M'/Zf/Zy. for the uiUMaryinK imliihtry with whii h he lias alwayn labored in the interest of h\n clieiitH, not only eiideavoriiij; to graHj) to the iittctinosl their contiiiiion, l»iii also to leave no stono mitiiiiu'd and no arj^iinvnt iimucd 10 .secure a jiid);ineiU in their lavor. Mis t.iiiiiiy are well known in Montreal. Ills cidisi son, Janu-s (lihiioiir. is an advocate, practising in Troy in the State of New V'ork ; his second son, (leorge Hosworlh. is Consul (leiicral for the Repnldic of Chili, an»l doing husniess in \lon- trial ; his youngest .son, I'.diiuind 'riioinis. is an advoeatf of the .Montreal liar; his ildest daiiglitiT, Cyhella Ann, was niarricd to one of tlir most levortcl and respeelcd ministers of the « ity, the laic Henry Wilkes, |).|). ; his second daughtt-r, Mary Amelia I'.irk, was married to the late Cha.s. .\. Itnrgess, oi the city of lUienos .\yres, .South .\nierici ; his youngest diuglit«r, S.iiah Jessie, is married to the Kigiit Rev. Miiirire S. n.ddwin. Bishop of Huron. We ari' ghid to say that .Mi. |)a\ >till lives in the enjoyment of coini'. natively good liLaitli, and is yet .ible at ids advain ed age to discharge the various duties of his profession. MAXIMILIAN HlltADU Was the son of the illastrious .Mi( liel. He inherited a great sliaie of his father's classic mind. He founded what is c.dli ( " Histoire des (Irandes families du (Janada ou Aper(,u sui L Chevalier lienoil er (juehiues I'amilles eoiueini'oiaiies," was one cif the St. ifuliicians, or " du S6minaire de St. Sulpice." It is a work of great merit, and scmie of the most ancient of the ("anailian families are traced there by the hand of a master. It is full of facts, details, adventures and incidents belonging to these high families. When I men- lion a few of those wrilten about one can see the value to the future historian of sucii a work. We find there the families of Longueuil, de Meaujeu, de Montignyi Dachesnay, (luy. de Vaudreuil, de Lothiniere-Harwood, Biby, de Boucherville, De- Salaberry, etc. L'Abbe Daniel is an ornament to Canada. When he published his work over twenty years ago, he had all the portraits (steel engravings) made in Paris, such a thing could not be procured in Montreal. Now any kind of engraving can be made in our city, and for fineness of work and finish will compare favorably with that of older cities. I 82 GAZKTTKKk OK MONTRKAI. (;. J. 15. LaMOTIIK Was biiin in Montreal on the ?4tli September, 1H24. His father, Captain M. I.a- Mothc, was Superintendent of the Indian Di-parlinent from 1816 to his death in 1826. He was the Captain in command of the Indian alhes at llie memorable battle of Cliateaiiguay. Tiie grandfather of this skct'^li was ( 'a|)tain Joseph LaMotiie. In 1776, the Military ('onnn;indanl of Montreal entrusted him widi most im])ortant despatches for (leneral (luy Carleton, then besieged in Quebec. An account of this adventure is written in the previous History of Montreal. paj.;e 20 of this liook. Hon. Judge J?aby notified the writer that the person was Mr. rai)ineau, the father of the celebrated leader of 1837-38 ; but I hud that Mr. LaMothe's grandfather is cred- ited with the adventure. However, nothing is said of placing the despatches in a hollow staff, as is found in a note in one of tiie large Histories of Canada, I think Smith's. Be that as it may, the arrival of the letters, etc., in ])roijer time con- tributed to the salvation of ()uebec, as the inhabitants were ready for the .Americans under (leneral Montgomery when he arrived to besiege the city. The l^aMothes have been, and are one of the oldest families in Montreal. They caine originally from liordeaux, France. Mention is made of the family in 1673, and we find one Pierre de St. Paul de I.aMothe as (Commander of the Town and Island of Montreal in the year 1689. The subject of our sketch was educated at St. Hyacinthe College, and after- wards at Montreal College. He had for some years been in the \'oluntcer Cavalry before he was transferred to and promoted Major commanding the Rifle Companies (police) active force in Montreal. In 1861, he was appointed C'hief of Police of the city, and held that office to 1865, when he resigned. It was Mr. LaMothe, in his official capacity, that effected the capture of the celebrated St. Albans Raiders. On the 15th July, 1874, he was appointed Postmaster of Montreal, and continued to fill this important ofHce till 1891, when he retired on a jiension. He has travelled ' .enl, however, was the constniction of the Hnosac Mountain 'runnel, Mass., U.S. In 1S63, he was relumed to Parliament for South llrcnville, and continued to represent it to 1872. In 1885 he was again elected, and is still the member for that constituency. IION'OKK ItlAl'dKANI) Was horn at T.anoraie, 24th .Mar* h, 1S4S. .r.id eiiutateu in joliette College, lie entered the Milit.iry School in 1.S65. Passing there, he went to Mexico .md joined the l-rencli army, which was supi)oriing Maximilian. After two years he relumed wilh the 1' rinch army to France, receiving the .Mexican Medal for iiis services. After this, he came to New Orleans, and joined the staff of one of the ]japers of the Crescent city. He returned to Canada in 1878, and founded the well known paper called /.i- fatne. He received in 1885 the Cross of a Knight of the Legion of Honor from President Crevy, of prance. His paper is a recognized one anuMig the Liberals of the Province of Quebec. In 1885, he was elected Mayor of Montreal, disputing with Hon. J. L. lieaudry, who had kejit the office for ten years past, and who was then considered infallible. He married Eliza, daughter of S. Walker of Pall River, Mass. During the term of his office as Mayor he displayed very remarkable jjowers of organizatioui fitness of office and a single desire to promote the best interests of the city at a lime when tiie city was much moved, vi/ : during the Riel trouble, small-pox epidemic and Orange excitement, and the flood of 1885-86, He was one of the most efficient Mayors who ever sat in the Civic Chair of ihe City of Montreal. J. P. ROITOT, M D., Wa.s born on the 3rd of July, 1820. Studied at the Montreal College and i)assed with eclat. He was commissioned Captain of Militia of the 10th Battalion, 9th July, 1847, and admitted to the practice of Medicine on the i6th Xovember of the same year. He was elected one of the Councillors of the Corporation of Montreal in 1856. He is Attending Physician to the Hotel-Dieu Hospital, and Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in the School of Medicine and Surgery of Montreal ever since i860. He is a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, and a member of the Board of Governors of that College. He was the Editor in Chief of Z' £/>!/<>« Medicale, during the years 1872-1873, and was President of the St. James Building Society of Montreal. He is still in extensive practice of his profes- sion. CAZITTKKR OK MONTUFM |S< HON. r.OUIS KKNArt) Was bniii lu-ai Moinic.il. iSlh l''cl)i luiry, iSiH. < )ii .icKount ol Ins lailu-r's sit k. iK'ss iiiiicli of llic providing for ilic family ilcvolvcd on liim from a very early am-, l)iit so sijccossfiilly did he apply liimsclf to husiness thai at tliiity years of age he had a. considerable furtuiif. Associating his biotlx i j. Ilaptisie, the fiim becanu: one of thi' most wiiK'ly known in Canaiia in the tloiir and gram bnsiness. In 1.S56, he tnli'red with the late Hon. John \'oung upon a giganii( eiilerpiise, nothing less ihan exporting to England and France liie products of the Western (lontinenl, and so great was their business that during one year of exportation iwenty-luui nnllion dollars worili of grain and Hout passed though their hands, [n 1.H56, ho was elected Legislative llountillor for the Division of Salaberry. in 1867, he wa.; appointed a Stiiator by Kuval I'roclatnalion, but he was obliged to resign the ofH(.e on a( < oiiiit (.)f sicknc.s in 1H7.3. He had a large family, one son, N.ipoleon, was in the I'oniitical Zouaves, and his only daughter mariied lion, i' . \. A. I'ntdcl, who succeeded him as Senator, Awd w.is well-known politically as well as in connection with the paper called r Etiiuiard, of Montreal. Ho was twice mariied : first, to .Marie Ainne I'igeon, and second, to I )ame Helene C. I)uvert, widow of M. Drolet, of Montreal. HON. THOS, WHITK AVas born in Montreal, on the 7th August, 1830. His father was Irish and his mother Scotch. His father was a leather merchant for many years in Montreal. 'I"he subject of this sketch was sent to the Higli School where he obtained a good educa- tion. After leaving school he engaged for some time in mercantile jiursuits, but soon abandoned this and accepted a position on the (,)uebec Gazette. In i.Ssj, he started with his brother-in-law, Robert I'iomain, the l\'lerboro' Revieu<, and was con- nected with this pa|)er until i860. After this he studied i,aw for four years. In 1864, with !iis brother, Richard White, he went to Hamilton and became (iroprietor of the Spcrtator. Here he resided till 1870. Afterwards they relumed to their native city and bougiit the Gazette, making it to this day the chief Conservative Knglish paper for the Province. In 1879, the name of the tirm was changed from T. (S; R. White, to " The Gazette I'rinting Co." In 1878, he was first returned to Parliament for Cardwell. In 1885, Mr. White was invited by Sir John A. Macdonald to enter the Dominion Cabinet. He did so, and as the Hon. Thomas While con- tinued as a Privy Councillor to his death, which occurred some few years ago. His funeral was one of the largest seen for years in Montreal. All denominations of Christians and nationalities turned out to do respect to one of their own citizens, one born in Montreal, and of whom Montrealers may feel proud. li)0 t.AZKriKFK ■.111! icMj^nizcd a-- an authority by In tall and I'.ai. In iSfij. Iw was niaih a ( Miocn s ('niuisfll' a , Oii accdiiiu of iP lualtli, III' '('CiiUMldn iittH I ol (letk ol the Crown, uiiirh lie Ik Id fur two years. Rttninin).' to piat ti( 0, In was appointed \ssi-,tant rrute>s'it c I ConsiiuilioiMl and (,riinai.ii La.v m Mildll Uolli.Lje, being a..i«'ial(d with the late jud^e lladgley He rereived ih'; degre( of I >.( ' I.. Iroin .\b(iill and that 01 1,1, li.fiom I a'nnnxv ill', ni \vlii<:h Instil iiiioiis he was one ol the ( 1( virnor-i. In 1S71, he was ele* i- ' by ,it elain.ilion lo iy and eventful life In died in Montreal sitine vearsago. im»(;i: ii.\i)i;! kv Was born in the City of M(nitreal. jytli Match, 1801. His father w:is .1 nici' haiit of the eitv, and jcpreseiited it in the I'rovuuaal i'arliainent fioin iSoi to 1805 Having (iiiished his seholastie educ alion he was (ailed lu the Ifar, Noveinlx-r, iSs,^, and created (.».( in 1S47. ^^^ ^'^'^^ iiKuK a l).(.'.L. h) Mc f lill ('ollege in 1H4J. from 1840 to I. S44 lie was Commissioner of bankrupts. Re.signing his office as Circuit judge in r.S47. he was apponited a i'uisne Jtidgt; of the Superior Court of Lower (Canada in 1855, continued such till 1862, when he was transferred to Court of (^)ueen's bench us Assistant Judge, and in 1866 as a Puisne Judge of that Court. I le retired on a pension in 1874. I'roni 1844 to 1851 he sat for Missisi)u<)i in the Canadian Asseml)ly, and for Montreal to 1854. He was also a member of the Executive Council and Attorney- (leneral of Lower (ainada from 1847 t" ^^4^' ^^^ married in 1834 and left six chil- dren. He was a great Freemason, being District and Provincial (irand Master hjr England from 1849 ^^ '■>'' Jt^^^h. GEO. E. I'ENWiCK, M.U., t Was born in Quel. c, C')(i(jber Sth, i8.j.v lie ronmieiiced his career by studying Medicine and S irgery in Uie Marine Hospital of his native city in 1841. In November, 1842, he ent(!red the Medical Laculty of Mc(iill Cniversity. Montreal. He passed his final e :amination with great credit in 1846, but having not then attained his majority couM not receive his Di,)loma till January, 1847, when he had the high honor of having ^ special Convocation of the College called to confer on him his degrees of Doct< "" le^' .ne and Master in Surgery. Since then Dr. Fen wick's (lA/»iT».FK OK MONTKfcAL. |.;i name lias Itctn one of the most promiiuMU in our city In \Ain, i'» o'niuiution with llic l:Ui Dr. ll(jward .mil oilurs, lit' c^^al»li^lu•^l tin." Muiilir.il |)is|icn;.aiy. In 1.^67, Ik- wa^ appomlcd to the chair of Chmcal Surgery of Mi;(iill, holding 11 to 187O, wlicii lit ih.u year he l)cciime I'rofessor of Surgtry. He in now Kincritiis I'rofiHsor of the College, lie has devoted a gf»«)d deal of his spare time to meilical writings, and is an well known perhips as any nuijical in.u> (hy these writinj;>) on this Continent, lie estiiMishcil Willi Dr. I'. VV. Campbell the "Canada .\Kdi< al Journal " m iHf).\. and tdiietl it to i;<79, when he resigned. l"or many years he represented the physicians of Montreal as (.iovernor of the College of I'hysicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada. He is a eonsisteni and earne.st (.'hristian antl member of St. John the Kvangilist Church. He married, in 1S5J, I'ili/a ('., daughliT of Colonel de HiTlel, of St. Andrews, and has had -evon children. KKV. WIII.IAM IIKNUKKSON'. D.I)., W \s lioin in Londonderry, Ireland. 22nd May, r8.u His fallur was the Principal of I'oyle C'ollege. He was eilucaled.it I'linity College, Dublin, graduated in 1854 with classical and ethical honors, was oidained m 1857, ami held innimbencies at I'.ronipton K.ilph, and at Monksilvet, Kngland, and H.illymore, Irelaiul. in iH'')j, he came to Anierir.i and had several appoiniinenls, chieHy in the United Stales. He held al one lime the Rectorship of Dunham, and was then Kxamin- ing Cha|)lain to the Metropolitan. In 1H77, he was appointed Canon of Christ Church C'athedral, Montreal, and rriiu:ii)ai of the Tln'ologicil College, which he still tills. I'rincipal Henderson has publisheil several woi ks, among which are Lectures on '* Total .Abstinence " and " liaptisinal Reformation." Under his able manage- meiil, the C-dlege has entered on a iseful and prosperous career for the Diocese. ARCHIHALI) ILKTCMI'K W\,s born in tllenorchy, Argylshire, in 1788; canie to Canada in i8.'3 ; went to New Glasgow for four years, but returned to Montreal in 1827. In the spring of 183 1, Mr. Fletcher met with an accident which ultimately caused his death same year. His son, John Fletcher, was born in (ireenock on the 23rd May, 1815. The late Mr. John Hruce, Inspector of Schools, when John was tifteen or sixteen years old had him as one of his besi pupils, but Archibald, his father, dying as above said, he had to leave school at sixteen and assist his mother. In 1834, he organized for the city a Hook and Ladder Co. which did good service until CS40, when a Fire Department was instituted by Charter for the city. In 1837-38, he was two years a Volunteer in the Scotch Company No. 6, and in 1840, when the troubles were over, Mr. I'letcher joined the Fire Brigade, and in 1845 ^^^s appointed Captain. Lj 1849, he became First Assistant Engineer. In 1858 he joined the icjoth Regiment. As a militia officer, he first made his appearance in 1847, Ijcing appointed Lieutenant and Adjutant, and in 1850 he received the r nk ( ' C ain. When the tqj ..A/KTTrr.R ot MoNlkEAl,. Militi.t Itill became law he raised one i>t ilu- two kifUr (oiiiit.inics illoiicd to Montreal, and wttH tn«de Capiain in 1H55. Next year he w.is pronjoti'd to ilic niik n( Mijor. The sam«' year In- Ixramc histriutor of Mu.kciiy iiiid Drill for the KiMc rot|», of l«owcr ('un.ula. When ihf looih Rc);iiiicnt was rii.i'd in 1H58, lie ri'roiNcd 1 « oni miiHinn in it and s* rved four years in it. Ketnrnin^ to Montreal in i8(u, during the "Trent alfair," he rcsigne*! from ilic looih uid joinrd the 5th Hattahon, heing ga/eitcd .M.tjt)r ill (uly, same year. In N'jvctnher of that year he wm appuintjtl ling.ulc M.i)or III the pertnaiient staff of ih<.' Mihti.i of No. 6 Miht.iry !>islMri of Lower (!anakc. In ii'><\\, he or|^.nii/eil 'he isi Ritle Vsson;iiion foi tlie I'loviine of (Juehec, and no man has done more than Colonel Fletcher tut ilu furtherance and proj;res»ot the Militia and Volunteers of his adopte3 JOSEPH DUHAMEL, Q.C. The subject of tliis sketch was born in the City of Montreal on tiie 20th day of January^ 1836. His father was Joseph Duhanicl, a merchant, wiio died at the ail- vanccd age of eighty-eight years. His mother was D'^nv/hihJe Moiisset. At the age of seven, Mr. Joseph Duhamel entered the preparatory depart- ment of tlie College of St. Th^rese ; he, subsequently, followed a full course of studies at the College of St. Hyacinthe and at the Jesuits' CoUetjc in Montreal. At the age of nineteen he had completed a brilliant classical education. The great oratorical qualities which iie had developed at college, his sound reasoning and argument, shewed at their early stage that he was destined to become an ornament of the legal profession ; and immediately upon leaving the college ho selected Law as his profession. He passed his course of legal studies in the office of Messrs. Badgley iV Abbott, two of the most eminent Barristers at that time. Upon his admission to the Bar on the 7th of Ai)ril, 1857, he formed a partner, ship with the late Cyrille Archambault, a lawyer of great reputation in the profession- wiio, whiliit travelling, came to an untimely deatli by the explosion of the boiler of the steamer "St. John," on the Hudson River, near New York. He subsequently made a partnership witii Mr. Gustave Drolet. a Chevalier of the Legion of H(jnor (France), who has since retired from the practice of his pro- fession. Mr. Duhamel afterwards became the hjad of the firm of " Duhamel, Rain- ville, Rinfret & Rainville." The acceptance by one member of this firm of a Superior Court Judgeship and the demise of another resulted in the formation of that of '• Duhamel, Pagnuelo & Rainville," At the present time, Mr. Duhamel is the senior member of the firm of " Duhamel, Marceau & Merrill." In 1878, he was appointed a Queen's Counsel by the Government of the Province of Quebec. The Liberal party was, at that time, in power in tint Province. The right of Provincial Governments to confer this title was, later on, put in cpiestion by the Federal authorities, who contended that they alone had the power, under the Constitution of Canada, to make such appointments. However, Mr. Duhamel cannot be said to enjoy a doubtful honor, for, shortly afterwards, he received another com- mission from the Government of Canada, appointing him Queen's Counsel, although he was their political opponent, — the Conservative party being in power. Owing to his high reputation among his fellow countrymen, his great oratorical ability, his knowledge of the law, and his unbounded energy and devotion to his pro- fession, Mr. Duhamel, immediately on his entering the Bar, commanded one of the largest practices in the Province of Quebec. His legal career has been very lucrative to himself. He is one of the legal advisers of the " Grand Trunk Railway Company," the " Canada Atlantic Railway Company," the " Jacques Cartier Union Railway," the "St. Lawrence and Adiron- 13 194 OAZErrEER of movtrevi,. dack Railway Company," and commands also a large commercial practice, represent- ing many wholesale houses. During his legal career he obtained very great success in several important law- suits with which lie was connectca amongst others that of Duncan McDonald against the (Irand Trunk Railway Coi ipany, involving nearly $100,000 ; and also in obtaining for the same company the se tlement with the City of Montreal of dispu- ted claims reaching nearly one million and a half of dollars ; then the cases on writ of injunction and in dainages amr unting to more than one million and a half of dollars of Messrs. Stanton lv Balch against the Canada Atlantic Ruii»vay Company were also decided in favor of his clients, the Canada Atlantic Railway Company. These cases were most complicated as well on questions of law as of facts, and were tried before all tiie Courts of the Dominion of Canada. We might also mention the case of Mr. Charles Alexander against Mr. Samuel Nordheimer, involving many very important legal questions, which case was also carried before all the courts of the land, and was always decided in favor of his client. In days when the question of representation according to nationality in the City Council was very prominent, and the exigencies to serve therein seemed to demawd the very best talent, the residents of St. Mary's Ward sohcited him to become a candidate, and he was elected by a large majority. He served in tiie City Council of Montreal before he obtained his majority an example of jjopular favor unknown in the history of Montreal's Municipal Government. Mr. Duhamel did not disappoint the anticipations of those who had brought him forward. Indeed, so thoroughly satisfied were they with their choice tiiat, when his term of office had expired, his constituents strongly urged him to present himself again, but he declined on account of his professional duties. Some years afterwards, yielding to the pressure of his friends, leading merchants, lawyers, etc., etc., of the Montreal East Ward, Mr. Duhamel was re-elected their representative for three years more, during which time he devoted himself with uiuch zeal and assiduity to the interests of Montreal. During the last twenty years Mr. Duhamel has been repeatedly solicited to become a candidate for the mayoralty. Several times large and influential depu- tations of men, representing all nationalities and professions, have waited upon him and urged him to allow himself to be put in nomination ; but, his professional duties requiring all his time, he declined. In politics, Mr. Duhamel has always been a Liberal, and for his assistance, both by his pen and as a speaker on the public platforms, the Liberal party is under very considerable obligation. Immediately on his leaving college, he took an active part in electoral struggles. At the age of twenty, he was the victim of his devotion to his party during an election which took place for the Senatorship in the Alma Division, a thorough Conservative constituency. At a meeting of the whole Division, which took place at Sault-au- RecoUet, neai Montreal, in spite of the warnings of his friends, and in defiance of GAZETTEER OF MONTRKAL, 195 ihe threats of a very large crowd, composed of several thousand persons, lie siicceeled in gaining the platform, where he spoke so successfully that the political enemies of the Liberal paity, in order to put an end to the discussion, overturned the hustings. Then the infuriated mob attacked him with sticks, fired several pistol shuts at iiim, beat him and left him for dead. Whrn attended to, it was found that two of his riljs and ins right arm had been broken, and that his head had received several sore cuts as a result of which he was confin-jd to his bed for several weeks. Mr. Duhamel Ikh repeatedly been asked to become a candidate for legislative honors, but has always preferred to devote himself to the Law, a career in which his energy and ability have been crowned with success. On Die 2.Sth of April, 1882, as a mark of respect as well as in acknowledgment of his well-known talents and faithfulness to his party, at a general meeting of the leaders of the Liberal party, which was held at Montreal, Mr. Du'amel w.is unani- mously electeil President of the " Reform Association." It is not unreasonable to suppose that the sterling (jualities which have enabled him to fulfill so well his duties will win success in a still more extensive field of actijii ; and should he ultimately consent 10 enter the political arena, he will no doubt attain the position which his ability marks out for him. Having paid several visits to Europe he has availed himself of all the advan- tages and opportunities afforded thereby. He knows how to respect the honest con- victions of others, and is prepared to grant to them the toleration and privileges he claims for himself. He was married in 1859 to Miss Alphonsine Masson, a daughter of the late Mr. Damase Masson, who was formerly one of the most eminent wholesale merchants of the City of Montreal, and one of its most useful and enterprising citizens. HON. S. L. HUNTINGTON ^VAS born at Compton, County Stanstead, Quebec, 26th May, 1827. Educated in the Common School and studied Law at Sherbrooke ; he taught the Township High School for some time. Called to the Bar in 1853, in 1856 he became proprietor of the " Waterloo Advertiser." In 1861, he was elected to the House of Commons for the County of Shefford, and arrayed himself on the side of Her Majesty's Opposition. In 1863, he became Solicitor-General East in the John Sandfield Macdonald Adminis- tration. In the Liberal Cabinet which came into power on the downfall of the Sir John Macdonald Ministry on the so-called " Pacific Standal," Mr. Huntington in the McKenzie Cabinet became President of the Council. In 1865, he became Postmaster- General. In 1870, he resigned with his colleagues. He is the author of a political novel called " Professor Conant." He is best known in Montreal as the principal mover in the " Huntington Copper Mines," and in his attendance yearly at the Angli- can Synod of the Diocese of Montreal, where his sage addi^esses generally resulted in arranging matters which were then getting complicated and mixed. H6 died not long ago. I(>6 CA/.F/nKtk OV MDNTRKAL. JAMES DUNCAN Was htirii in Cokrainc, Ireland, in 1806. Ho ame lo Montreal in 1830, where he was for years a most successful artist and teacher of drawing. He drew the skeK iu-s of that rare book '' Hoc helaga hepicta." which was published in [829. He was jirincipally a water-color |)ainter; nearly all the i)rincipal Institutes of this city had hitn as teaclier. Some of his larger works are reckoned among the best in Montreal, such as that one rejiresenting the "(fiants Ciius{;way," Ireland. He dieil 2Sth September, 1880. Two of his sons have held C(jmmissions as Surgeons in the r.riiish Army, Ur. J. S. Duncn, late of tin; 8ist Kegt., now of Plymouth, and Dr. Geo. Duncan, who retired from Her Majesty's service and has a large practice in Ports- mouth, Kngland. A third son, David, is in the t'ustoms Department of .Montreal. J(J.SK1II DOUTki:, (j.i . TnK iiistory of Mr. Doutre's life is that of the struggles ot his countrymen for civil and religious liberty, and is, therefore, of more than personal interest. His ancestors were from the old province of Roussillon, in the department ot Pyrenees-Orientales. His grandfather came from the immediate neighborhood of Perpignan, and had hardly arrived in Canada when the country passed under the dominion of I'^ngland. Mr. Doutre was born at Heauharnois, in 1S25, and was educated at the Montreal College. He was admilted to the Bar in i studitrd Law .ind was .uhnitted to ihc Har «jf Lowijr Canada. lie was at this time the Editor of La Minerve, which position sufficiently shows his progress and advanceineiU in the world of Letters. At Confederation he was appointed to the ofVu e whi(h he still fills, thai of Inspector of Inland Revenuefor the District of Montreal. Among liis public, records may be mentioned iliat he held th^-' office of Alderman for tlie City for St. Louis Ward for six years. He was one of the originators, ;is he was a graduate and Secretary of Nicolet College. He had much to do with the organization of the Tontifical Zouaves. He is also one of the hirec- tots of the City and District .Savings Bank, and has been for more than a quarter of a century President of the St. Vincent de Paid Society. He was one of the founders of the " Soci(^te Historiijue de Montreal ", and, like very few of the citizens of Mon- treal, has a fine collection of valuable and rare books. As a French Canadian immersed in a troublesome profession, it redounds to his credit that he can yet find time to prosecute his favorite classical and literary studies and Yamachiche may be proud of the sons who have made her a name, and whose records are inserted in the Gazktteer. tot OAfrrrricR ok montkkal. RKV KI« IIAkli NnkMAN, D.D, Thk Hiibjcri of tliiH sketch was l)urn in Uroiiilf), Ktiit, l-iiglaiid. on llio J41U ol April, iSiy. His (.ithcr, of tin- same name, , and Triest in 185.^, by the Hisiiop ol Oxford. Kor seven years he wa» Classical Master at Radley Collide, luar Oxford, and for jiix years Heail Master of the same. For six months he was also Head Master of St. Michael's College. 'I'enbury. In iH^^), on account of ill-health, he was obliged to resign his ofhces, and r.inic to Canad.i in (piest «)f r«iu'Wii| health, lie w.is I'lrsl associated with St. John the Kvangelist Cluiic h and School, Monin-al ; .ifterwards for eight years assistant to St. James Cluin li. lie was made a D.C.I-. ol bishop's College, Lennox vilU', of which he is n nv the Vicc-Chancellor, He is also a Doctor of Divinity. His last appointment was Dean of <^>iebec. He is a profound scholar, and an elegant writer and preacher. .Among his writings and published works maybe mentioned " Occasional Sermons," "School Sermons,'' and "Thoughts on the Bef*t Mode of the Conversion of the Heathen." For several years he was one of the Protestant School Commissioners for the City of Montreal. He is also a Canon of Christ Church Cathedral, Montreal ; takes a lively interest in all matters of Art, and was ,1 member of the Art Association, and was Vice-Presi- dent of the Montreal Philharmonic Society. In (Juebec he has followed the career of Montreal, and none of the many Rectors of the Ancient Capital has held that position with more honor and grace than the present Incumbent, Dr. Norman. May he long be spared to fill this important office. SEVEKK RIVARO Was born at Yamachiche, in the District of Three Rivers. He entered as a .student at the College of Nicolet, and passed through the classes with credit. After his study of Law he was admitted to the Har of Lower Canada in June, 1859. In 1870, he was elected to the jjosition of Councillor for the City, and again in 1873 he was re-elected. He was one of the originators, and a member of the committee, in the organization and carrying out of the Pontifical Zouave movement, for which he received from Rome the Medal, and was made a Chevalier of Pope Pius IX. Mr. Rivard, with Messrs. David and Drolet, made an immense change in the north- west portion of the City, where they i)urchased proi)erty and re-sold it in building lots. He was elected Mayor of Montreal in 1883, and again the following year. He died a few years ago. OAXRTTKKR Or MONTRKAI.. M) KKV. I>, II. Ma. VUJAk, K.D., I.I..I)., Was l)orn in Diinnlass, Mull of (!.iniyrc, S<;<)tlaiul, «»n the ao»h Novrinltrr, iH^i, A lew years after liii birth his p.»rei»ts t aim- lo ('iiiada and sfiilt-d at Chitli.im, nntario. He was cdu* ali-dat Inronio Araih-iuv and I'liivcrsity. lit 1X59, he Itfcaiuc a l*r«Mrhcr, and acc<|)ted a t .ill to Knox ( hurt h, (iuclpii. In i860, lie rami" t«)C<>tl^ Street Cljiirch, Montreal, 8Ut»«{ tlic Athcnie Orientale de Paris. In 1HK3, liis Alma Maicr c» nferred on hitn the decree of D.D. He was inariied on May isl, 1.S60, to Fie. HUM-, (laughter of Rohert (louldry, and li.is three sons and two dauKh- ters. Dr. .\Iac\'icar has long heen .1 niiinhir of the Protest.ml .S«:hool ( 'oininission fur the City of Montreal. JDSKI'II At mi, IK I'lNAkl) VVa.s born in .\I«intreal, on the nth March, 184^. lie is the son of the late Hihiire Pinard, a tneichant t)f that cily. Having; tonjpleted his education in thi- College of r)ttawa, he entered mercantile pursnits till 1S7S. During all his career he has con- tributed much, and t.iken an active part in literary, mutual ar.d benevolent societies, lie eniered the Civil Service, January, 1S79, as Assistant llookkeeper of the Inland Revenue Departnitiil (ofTice) at (Jttawa. He was tlun ap|»oinltd Assistant Ac- countant of the Dominion Lands Uranch of the Dejiartment of the Interior, then l)roniotcd to the Senior Second Class Clerkship, 1HX2, ist class in 188;^, and appointed the Accountant to the Department of the Interior. He devised a sysieni of keeping the books and accounts of the Department which has resulted in the most satisfactory effects, and for which he was promoted to the rank of Chief Clerk, July, 1885. RICHaRD ALHKRT KKNNKOY, M.I)., CM. Was born in 1839, '" Montreal. He is the son of the late William Kennedy, builder, formerly of Vorkshire, England. Kducated in the High School, he commenced the study of Medicine in i860, entering the University of McGill that same year. He completed the curriculum of studies, passing all the examinations and being a partici- jKiiit in the first prize given for the l)est examination in the primary branches in 1863. The following year, 1864, he received the (loid)le degree of M.I)., CM., from the University of McGill, and in .May of the same year obtained the Licence of the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, becoming a member of the same in 1874. Commenced practice in Montreal, but shortly after went to Dunham. After practicing for some time in Dunham he returned to Montreal, and recommenced i)ro« fessional practice in 1869. In 187 1, he was elected one of the attending physicians ao4 (;azetteer ok montreai-. to the Montreal Dispensary, afterwards taking an active part in the management of that institution and becoming its Secretary in 1875. ^^'^ ^^'^^ ^ member of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, and read severil papers at its meetings ; also a member of the Health Association, and author of a paper on the " Disposal of Sewerage." In 1871, he joined with others in establishing a new Medical School which was affiliated to the University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, as the Medical Faculty of that Institution, receiving the same year from th;'t University the ad eundem de- gree of M.D., CM., and also the degree of A.M. During the four following sessions he occupied the Chair of Anatomy, but in Ai)ril, 1875, having resigned that Chair he was elected to the Professorsiiip of Surgery, a position he was eminently fitted for, as his long acquaintance with the Chair of Anatomy rendered him i^roficient in that branch. Some years ago he died of consumption at an early age, much regretted. COI.ONKL HOOKER. Alfred Booker, the subject of this sketch, was born in Nottingham, England, in 1824, consequently at tlie time of his early death he was only forty-seven years of age. The family came to Canada in 1842. His father was a Jiaptist clergyman of Hamilton, and lost his life at the terrible Desjardins Bridge accident, (ireat Western Railway, in 1857, when Samuel Zimmerman, Alderman Stuart, and many other men of note all perished. His son commenced business in Hamilton, and soon by his assiduity and honesty attracted the confidence and patronage of the business men of Canada. It was, however, as a devotee to the i)romotion of the volunteer movement that he deserves especial mention. No man evoked the martial spirit of the young men of the old Gore District of Upper Canada, now Ontario, more than the late Colonel Booker. He organized the ist Battery of Volunteer Artillery there in 1853, and at his own expense bought two field-pieces and the whole accoutrements for botli men and guns. In 1855, he organized Field Battery B. In 1858, he was gazetted Lieut. - Colonel commanding all the active force of the City of Hamilton. He commanded at Niagara Falls, when he was specially thanked by H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, and also a general order to that effect was sent by the Governor-General. In 1864, he visited England, and had the high honor of being presented to the Queen by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. In 1866, daring the Fenian Raid at Ridgeway, he did his duty fully and well, and although the results of that action, owing to the slow movements of Colonel Peacock and the Regulars, were not altogether such as might have been realized had Colonel Booker been promptly supported by Her Majesty's Troops, nevertheless, when an investigation took place at his request, the verdict was that both his action and conduct were entirely approved of by those in authority. He retired shortly after from the service, and removed to Montreal, where he devoted his whole attention to business, and to him we may apply the French term that in his business standing he was " sans reproche." He died in Montreal some years ago. UA/ETTEER UV MONTREAL. JOJ, l.IKUT.-CUL. OriMET, M.P. " Lieut. -CoLoMX Josici-ii .Ai.dkru Ouimet, LL.li., <^.C , M.P,, L:iv;il, is a member of one of the oldest families in the .VLontreal District. He is a son of Mr. Michael Oiiiniet, J. P., and was born at St. Rose, I'.Q., on .May 301I1, 1848. His education was received at the Seminary of Si. Therese de Ulainvilje and \'ii;t(Hi.i ('ollege, (Jobouri;, wliere he graduated in iiS^g with the degree of LL.li. Having (. hosen the Law as his profession, he was called to tlie Oiiebec Par in 1S70. and lias since pursued an cmmently successful legal career, bemg now the head of the well- known Montreal firm of Ouiniet & Emard. He was appointed a Queen's Counsel in iSSo, when he was also appniiUed Ciown Prosecutor jointly with Mr. (now Justice) Chas. P. Davidson. 'I'hey hoiU filled that very important oltice with the greatest efficien- cy and honor until 1887. Colonel ( )uimel has always taken an active interest in milila. ry affairs, and rose to the rank of Lieui. -Colonel of the 65111 Battalion Mouni Royal Rifles, which he commanded during the Northwest Rebellion of 1885, His battalion was in the field in the P^dmonton District, and Lieut -Colonel Ouiniei rendered valuable service in iiacifying the Indians and prevailing upon the Half-breeds to maintain their loyalty to llie Government. Colonel (Juiiiiet has been for the last three years, and is yet, Chairman of the Council of the L)ominion Rifle Association, and has always been a warm friend of that organization. He is interested in educa- tional work, and in 1874 was appointed a member of the Board of Roman Catholic School I'rustces for Montreal. The parliamentary e\i)erience of Colonel Ouimet, for a man of his years, has been remarkably long and succes.sful. In October, 1873, when only twenty-five years old, he was returned to Parliament, after a fierce fight against Mr. L. O. David, one of the brightest champions of the Liberal party. He was re-elected by acclamation at the (ieneral Elections in 1874, and again in 1878 and 1887. He was also returned in 1891, and from the 13th of April, 1887,10 the close of the sixth parliament in 1891, he held the honorable position of Speaker of the House ofC'ommons, an otlice for which his ability and e.xperi- ence amply fitted him. Colonel Ouimet possesses a wide knowledge and clear grasp of public affairs in Canada, and is an able and eloquent speaker. Still in his prime, there seems every reason to predict for him a continued career of eminence and use- fulness. In politics he is an Independent Conservati\e, an advocate of provincial rights and a strong protectionist. Colonel Ouimet is a director of the Montreal City and District Savings Bank, and President of the Laval Agricultural Society. On May 30th, 1874, he was united in marriage with I'heresa, daughter of Alfred LaRocque, Esq., of Montreal, and has now five children. On the 20th of May last, 1891, his forty-fourth birthday, he was sworn a member of Her Majesty's Privy Council." When just going to press we find that Col. Ouimet has again, for the fourth time been elected by acclamation to represent the county of Laval in the House of Commons, Ottawa. ao6 GAZETTEKk 01" MONTR E A I,. JEAN LUKIN LF.rKOHON, M.A., M.n„C.M., Bt)kN atCluiinbly, A[)ril ylh, iSj.', is the re])resenUUivc in Caiuida of the Leprohon family, wliose anccslur, Jean Piiiliiipe Leprolion, came to Canada in 1758, Lieutenant in a French Kcginicnt, and settled in Montreal after the cession of the country to Great Britain. Kdouard Martial Leprohon, the father of Dr. Leproiion, served during the War of i8i2j was present at the battle of (.'hateanguay, and was decorated later for services rendered in that action, llis wife, Mane Louise Lukin, was of Swiss descent. Her grandfather came to Canada shortly after the conquest as Secretary to one of the early English Governors. He went through a complete classical course in Nicolel College, of which estab- lishment his uncle, the Rev. J. (). Leprolion, was Director for a period of thirty years. On leaviiig Nicolet College Dr. Leprolion entered en the study of Medicine under Dr. Holmes, following the lt;ctures at Mc(iill College, and graduating at that Institution in May, 1843. He Uieii visited Europe, and remained abroad till the fall of 1845. On his return he commenced practising his profession, and entered also on the publication of a French medical periodical : La Lancette Canadiiiinc. He also lectured several times on Hygiene, the climate of Canada, etc., before L'lnstitul Canadieii. In 1851, he was married to Mi^s R. F. Mullins, already known in literary circles through tales and seiials contributed to the Literary uar/and, printed and published by John Lovell, under the signature of R. K. M. In 1858, he represented the St. Antoine Ward in the City Council, receiving a vote of thanks from that body on his retirement from office. Dr. Leprohon has been attached to the Montreal Dispensary as Consulting Physician since 1864. In 1866, he was appointed with another medical gentleman to report on the sanitary state of Montreal, and a report was published by them embodying valuable suggestions concerning hygienic improvements in the city. In 1870, he received a call to the chair of Hygiene in the Medical Department of Bishop's College. Dr. Leprohon holds the honorable post of Vice-Consul of Spain for Montreal since September, 1871. He was appointed Justice of the Peace in 1851 ; Surgeon in the loth Battalion of Militia in July, 1855; and is one of the Founders of the Women's Hospital. He was appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor of the Province in September, 1890, a member of the Roman Catholic Council of Public Instruction for the Province of Quebec. MRS. LEPROHON. A French writer — indeed, the author himself of " Histoire de la Littcraturc Canadienne^' — says thus of Mrs. Leprohon : " Les femmes qui se sont livrees aux travaux intellectuels, parmi nous, forment une rare exception. A peine, dans toute la liste de nos ecrivains, rencontre-l-on cpiatre ou cinq noms feminins. A la tete de ces exceptions se place Madame Leprohon." GAZETTKb.R OK MOSTRKAL. 307 Mrs. Leprohon, better known to the jiublic by licr maiden name of Miss R. K. Mullins, tlic accomplished and talented authoress, was born in Montreal, and received her education in this city. At the early age ot' fourteen, she evinced a strong inclina- tion for writing; and from that time became a steady contributor, both of |)rose and verse, to the celebrated JAterary GarUxnd. Under the initals of " R. K. M." she became speedily known ; and her pieces were invariably admired and received the encomiums of all. Among the many tales contributed by her to the Garland, none were so well received or so popular as '■'Ida Beresford ' (since translated and pub- lished in French), " Florence Fitz Ilardinge,'" and " Eva Huntingdon " — tales of fiction and pathos of so high a character, that they may, without exaggeration, he ranked among those of the same class, by the best English or American contributors to the periodical press. She afterwards became enrolled on the staff of some of the American journals and magazines. In i860, Mrs. Leprohon became connected with the Family Herald, and whilst engaged on that paper, wrote her celebrated tale of the '' Afanor House of De Villerai" wherein she made it her object to describe faithfully the manners and cus- toms of the peasantry or habitants, as they are called, of Lower Canada. It was also written to illustrate that period of our hisf.ory embracing the cession of Canada to England. In all that she purposed, the authoress was eminently successful, and so popular was this work, that it was translated into French, and published in book form. This work has, according to general opinion, been considered as the very best written on Canada, and adds another laurel to Mrs. Leprohon's well-earned fame. In the same year she translated into English the words of the cantata of Mr. Sempe, written to commemorate the visit of the Prince of Wales, sung before His Royal Highness, whilst in Montreal, by the Oratorio .Society of that city. Mrs. Leprohon was also a very superior musical artiste awd linguist, endowed with great general abilities and accomplishments. She died some years ago. We append to this short sketch her poem on the two old towers of the Grand Seminary, and are happy to be able to give a place in this Gazetteer to one so talented and at the same time a native of Montreal. THE OLD TOWERS. On the eastern slope of Mount Royal's side, In view of St. Lawrence' silvery tide. Are two stone towers of masonry rude. With massive doors of time-darkened wood ; Traces of loop-holes still show in the walls, Whilst softly across them the sunlight falls ; Around, stretch broad meadows, quiet and green '~' Where cattle graze — a fair, tranquil scene. 208 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. Those old towers tell of a time long jiast When the Red man roamed o'er these regions vast, And the settlers — men of hold heart and brow, Had to use the sword as well as the plough : When women, no lovelier now than then, Had to do the deeds of undaunted men. And had higher aims for each true warm heart Than study of fashion's or toilet's art. It was in those towers — the southern one — Sister Margaret Bourgeois, that sainted Nun, Sat patiently teaching, day after day, How to find Jesus — The Blessed Way, 'Mid the daughters swarth of the forest dell, Who first from her (jf a God heard tell ; And learned the virtues that woman should grace, Whatever might be her rank or iier race. Here, too, in the chapel tower buried deep, An Indian brave and his grandchild sleep, True model of womanly virtues — she — Acquired at Margaret Bourgeois' knee ; He, won unto Christ from his own dark creed, From the trammels fierce of his childhood freed, Lowly humbled his savage Huron pride And amid the pale faces lived and died. With each added year grows our city fair ; Churches rich, lofty, and spacious square. Villas and mansions of stately pride, Enibciiish it now on every side ; Buildings — old landmarks — vanish each day, For stately successors to quick make way ; But ive pray from change time may long leave free The ancient towers of Ville Mat ie ! HON. i;i)\VARI) Ml kl'HV OAZETTF.F.R OF MONTREAL. aO<) HON. KDWAKI) Ml'Rl'IIY. Hon. I'Idwari) MiRriiv was ciiUcil to the SciiiUo by Orclor in Council, May 30th, aiul ^j;i/,ellcd June 6lh, 1889, as rc|»rcsciUativc fur the division of Vicloria, in succession to tlie late Hon. Tlionias Kyan. Mr. Murphy was born in IJallyeilcn, County Carlow, Ireland, on the sfith July, 1818. His family were for over a cen- tury extensive mill owners anil corn merchants in the County Carlow. Mr. Murphy claims lineage from Donald Jfor, a Chieftain of considerable power and territory in the County ^Vexford, dating back to the reigns of Henry VHI and ICdward \'I, uiuKr whom the major part of his estates were confiscated to the Crown. His mother was a descendant of the old distinguished family of the O'Uyrncs, of (!ounty AVicklow ; he is related to the Ivavanaghs, Rudkins, iMtzgeralds, Motleys, iJutlers and other families of position in the east and south of Ireland. Mr. Murphy was twice married : first, in 1848, to Miss McJJride, of Dublin; and secondly to Miss Power, second daughter of the late Hon. William Power, Judge of the Superior Court of (Quebec, and of Susannc de (laspe, his wife (daughter of the late Philippe Aubert de Oaspe, seigneur of St. Jean Port Job, author o( Lrs AncleiisCaiuuiicns and other works on Canailian History). Mr. Murphy has never from his earlier manhood sought to hide his firmly grounded opinions respecting the various political, religious and social (piestiijiis which are being discussed around him, yet he has at all times made his con- victions known, his iniluencc felt, and his generosity of heart manifest in so worthy a manner that, wlien at last an honorable reward came to him for long years of service to Crown and country, there is in all Canada to-day no pen to write or voice to utter a word other than in unqualified praise. In a word, we may say that he possesses to an extraordinary degree the goodwill, the respect and even the affec- tion of all classes of the community. In business his word is as good as his bond, and in politics he has been a sincere and steadfast supporter of the Liberal-Conser- vative parly. Mr. Murphy, while being a devout adherent of the Church of his fathers, has never allowed his generous impulses to rest exclusively within the pale of his own denomination, and consequently he has been recognized by all races and creeds as a true-hearted, faithful. Christian gentleman. His devotion to the cause of the land of his birth has been never known to firil, and a representative Irish Cana- dian in every sense of the word now sits for the \'icloria division in the Canadian Senate. Mr. Murphy with his parents came to Montreal in 1824, where he has since resided. He was i)ut to commercial business at the early age of fourteen years, and from being a salesman in the extensive wholesale hardware lirm of Frolhingham & Workman, he became in 1859 a partner in the concern, and is to-day one of the senior members of that great establishment. Mr. Murphy's connection with St. Pa^'ick's Church of this city dates back from its foundation, and the influence for good which he has exercised over his co-religionists and compatriots can never be too highly appreciated. 14 210 CiAZKTTKF.R <)K MDVTRKAL. 'I'lir tcinpi. rancr iini|ilc(i|' MoiitiiMl niid tlic I )niiiiiiinii liavi- likewise possessed ill Ml. Miiipliy ;i man wdiiIiv (if tli.it ^iimI faiise, and altlidUgli his views oii that (piesiion liave always been moderate, yet his greatest desire has iiivaiiahly been to ixoinoti- the sobriety and ^'ciuTal welfare of llu' people. In support of this, we may add iliat the St. I'.iirick's Teinperanci' Society, with which he has been assoriateil since ils organi/alidii in iS.|o, and an nlficie beaifi in it aliii(>''t since its inception, liiive fiefpieiilly testified their appri'cialion of his servii es to ihe cause by present- ing him on several occasions with valnable testimonials and aildresses : vi/., on Christmas Day, i.S6i, with anuissive silver watiT jug and tray; on another occa- sion with a s[)lenilid portiait m oil of himself, and on his call to ilu- Senate, in 1889, with a beaiilifnl address illuminateil in gold colors, l)y Cox, in an ebonized cabinet on an easel of same material. In l''ebriiary, 1S90, he was selected to preside over the grand social eiiter- tainmeiU held in the (Jiieen's Hall to celebrate the (ioliU'ii Jiibilei' of the Society, the 50th anniversary of its establishment in the old Re( ollel Church of this city, niuler the late lii-,hop I'lielan, then Father I'helan, I'astor of the liish Congiegati«)n of Montreal. In iS6j, Mr. Murphy re-visitnl llie Old World and the scenes of his child- liood. Uuring his absence he was elected a hireetur of the City and |)istrict Savings liank of Montreal. This position he filleil till 1877, when he was elected I'residenl. an oti'ice to which he has been annually re-elected and holds at the ])resent lime. lie is one of the Harbor Coininissioiiers of Montreal. He is also a member of the Hoard of Trade. Over ihirtyl'ive years ago he was mainly iiisiiu- niental in inaugurating the early closing movement on Saturday afternoons for the benelit of the hardware cleiks. His generous fcuinding of the " Fdward Murphy Prize," of the annual value of $100 in perpetuity, for *• the encouragement of commercial education in Montreal," open to all, has done much to stimulate our youths to In'gher excellence in commercial pursuits. Mr. Murphy is a Life Governor of the Montreal branch of Laval University. He has been for many years a Life Governor of the Montreal General Hosjjital and also of Notre Dame Hosjjital of this city. He is a Magistrate for !M(;iUieal ; and was a Captain in the old militia organization of this city. Mr. Murphy is a Knight (^C/ieiuilier) oi the Sacred and Military Order of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem). Mr. Murphy has found time, in the midst of his many occupations, to cultivate his taste for scientific pursuits. His public lectures, always delivered for the benefit of charitable and educational objects, on the Microscope and on Astronomy, have invariably met with a hearty reception by the public. His well-known interest in scientific matters, Archaeology and Canadian History has led him to take an active part in the following bodies : the Natural History Society, of wliich he is one of the Vice-Presidents; the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, of which he is also a Vice-President; the Microscopic Society, and also the Societe Historique de Montreal, etc. He is a life member of the Art Association of this City and also a member of the Mechanics Institute of Montreal. r.A/KT I I V K OK MONTUKAI.. -Ml W i; (lose hy sjiyin^ tli.il Mr. Muiphy is I'stt'cmi'd liy all ilu- cilizciis ni' M.iu- IiimI ;is I III. Ill of ;il)iliiy and integrity, as mu- whose kiii(liK'>s ot' hrarl, syinpatliy with (lisUi'-is and lU't'd, and whose ahliorrciu i' of I'vil has inadfliiin a factor for i;ood ill this community. His lifo lias li^'oii that of a ( 'hristiaii griitlcmaii, without fear and wiiiiout rcproacii, I,. I'. IIKODKUK, Ml'. I.Diis I'liiMiM'K MkoDKiK, M.l'., koiivilh', WIS 1)1.111 al lU'liL-ii, (!.)iiniy of V'crcheres, on llic-'isi Aui^iist, tS62, .iiid is coiisciiiieiuly l)!il in his twenty-ninth \'ear. lie was educated at St. Ilyac.inlhe Seminary and j^radiiated at l-ival rnivorsiiy, Montreal, where he received his law decrees. Mr. Hrodeur studied l-iw under the Hon. Mr. Mercier and Mr. C. .\. (ieoffiion. (^.C., ol' Montreal, and was admitted to l)ractic in iSS.j. (ioini; to work \.illi an eiRM\i.,'y ami capability wiiich few men of his year-, possessed, he soon i)uilt up a laij^e and lucrative pr.ic.lice, and taking a deep interest in tin; politics of his provimi' it was no wonder that, posse->sed of the tlow of oratory with whii:h lu' is endoweil. he was soon hrminht forward l»y the l.iheral ranks to represent tliem in the House of Commons; anil at the last (leiieral I'llectiou defeated his opponent, .Mr. (ii,L,'ault, by a majority of seventy votes. He takes a deep interest in all that concerns the public .uond, wheilier in a < oinmerci.il, muniei]),il or ])()lilical sense, .iiid can always be coiiniiMJ on to do his duly intelligently and as a good citizen. In uSSj, Mr. IJrodeiir mairied I'anma, second daughter of .Mr. j. R. Jlrillon, notary of Uelieil, l'.(J. liy the Courts siiiini; on various election ca-.es of the lastCeneral l''.leclions, thai of Kouville was voided by the acts of one of ids agents, so that a new election will, most likely, again place .Mi . Hrodeur in possession of the county. HON. TUOS. RV.W. Was born at Iialinakill, Ireland, 2 rsl August, 1804. He was educated at Clongowes College, and came to C'anad.i when quite young. He was for many years head of the lirm of Ryan IJros. iV' Co.of Qiiebec and Montreal, and in iS6^ retired from busi- ness. He was elected for the Victoria Division in the Legislative Council, and sat there till Confederation. In May, iSH;, he was called to the Senate. He was Roman Catholic Conmiissioner of J'Alucation for the Province of (^)uebec. In 1871, he married Duding \\'., a daughter of Chs. De Montenach .md, granddaughter of the late Jiaroness I)e l.ongueuil. He always took a ijrominent part in national education, and was an ornament to the Canadian Senate by the dignity and character of all his actions in that body. He died some time ago. 1I0\. GEORGK MOFFATT Was born in the County of Durham, England, 15th August, 1787. He came to Montreal at the age of thirteen, and entered the counting house of Gerrard, Yeoward & Gillespie in iSoo. He was connected with the Bank of Montreal in 1817. ^" November, 1832, he was made a Legislative Coimcillor, and was to his death a well- known figure in the Episcopal Church. After a residence of sixty-five years in Montreal, he died 25th February, 1865, in the seventy-eighth year of his age. aia r.A/ITTKI R ok NtONTREAU I. C. AU'UUNSl-; DKSJAKUINS, M.P. ♦•Was horn iit Tcrrcboiiiic, QiicIkt, on tlie 6lh of May, 1H41, and is desccndcil from a family that settled in Canada Ijcforc the cession of the I'rovincc to Oreat Ihitain. He received his early echication at Masson College, ami when his «()iirsc ended lie entered the Seminary of Nicolet. lie afterwards (hose Law as his profc sion, and commenced his studies in the olttee of Wilfred I'rovost, sui)se(Hienlly studying,' in the ofHce of Messrs. Kabrc, F.esage iV Jette, of Montreal. He was called to the Har in tS(i2, and began the practice of his profession, which he continned until 18^)7, Init seeing at this time a brighter field in journalism, he relinquished '' Mia. kslone" for the pen, and became one of the associate editors of //O/Jir, where his pungent pen will long be remembered l)y its readers. Kor some four years he reiniincd with /.'On/rg, at the conclusion of which he accepted the editorship of f.i- A'ouvtait Momicy which position he held from 1S72 to 1H78, and which paper like its bril!.; nt editor was Faberal-Conservative. In every senlenc.' that it utiered there was .111 independeiil ring, and it is due to Mr. Desjardins to say that his pen was largely instrumental in infusing courage, life and ambition into his political confrtJres. He was firsl elected to Parliament by acclamation at the General Elections of 1S74, and was reelected in 1S7.S, i88i, 1S.S7 and 1H91. Ik'ing a comprehensive and convincing speaker, he always conmiands the attention of the House. His speeches favoring the construc- tion of the Canadian PacilU: Railroad, also urging an anniesty to Kiel at'ter the Rebellion of 1870-71, showed marked ability. He is a believer in separate schoo's, and warmly co-operated with Mr. Cosligan in his exertions to have the Free School Law, passed by the New Brunswick Legislature, repealed. Rtf. Desjardins retired from journalism in 1879, and accepted the presidency of the Jacques Cartier I'.ank, which position he still ably fills. After his return in 1872 from a visit to Rome, where he had the honor of being admitted to an auilietice with His Holiness, he was created a Knight of the Order of Pius IX. He had taken an active part in the organization of the Canadian I'apal Zouave contingent which went to the assistance of the Holy Father in 1S68. He was one of the authors of the "Programme Catholifiue," first published in April, 1871, which was prepared for the purjjose of being offered to the Conservative party as a basis on which the several opposing sections of that party might agree. In 1882, Mr. Desjardins was elected President of " Le Credit Foncier du JJas Canada," and in 1883 became a director of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co. In July, 1887, he was elected Vice-President of the Montreal and Weslern Railway Co., a line now being built from St. Jerome terminus of a branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the Desert, where it will cross the Gatineau Valley Railroad, and thence run westerly through the Ottawa Valley region. He has always taken an active interest in the development of the commercial relations between Canada, France and Central Europe. He has been chairman of a committee of business men selected to study and promote such a policy, and open new markets to the industries and resources of Canada." (iAZETTtKR OK MONTRKAL. JIJ AM'XANDKR SKAKKL, \.\.,\\, Was an acrrtinplislicd scholar, and in tlio early days of Montreal diil nuicli to foster a ta^te for Science among the citi/ens. He had a lar^e school in what was then <\dled Little St. James Street, havinj,' amon^ his |)U|)ilH such names as Sir William I.ogan and Chief Justice IJad^-iey. lie took a inominenl place in the City's affairs, and was one of the persons named in the Act of Incorporation of the (leneral Hospital. A marble tablet which strikes the eye on entrance to that nsiful Institu- tion tells what hedid towards it. He died i:!th Au^^ust, 1S46, aged seventy-one years. HON. JAS. l.KSl.IK Was born at Kair, Kincardine. Scotland, nd was the son of Captain I.tslie, i5tli Regiment, and Assistant ().M. (leneral to dciicral U'olfe at the (Mpture of (^)nebec. He came to Montreal. iSoS, and began business on his uwn account, lie sirved as a Volunteer in iSrj. and held a Commission in the Militia from iSir to i.s6.'. when he retired. He was one of the First Directors of llie Hank of Montreal, as also of ll'.e (icneral Ho-pital. He was electi-d to tlv l.igislativi' Assembly of Lower Canada from 1.S24 to tlie Cnion in 1S40. After the Union of tlu" Provinces, he was innnber for Verdieres from the first (leneral l-'Jeclion till he was smnmoiied to the Legislative Coniuil. In 1S4S, he was PrcsideiU, and continued till appointed F'rovincial Secretary and Registrar, which he held to 1851, continuing to sit till (Ion- federation, in 1S67, when he was appointed Senator. He died May, 1S73, ageil eighty-seven years, universally respected and beloved. HON. (IIS. KODIKU Was born in Montreal, 4th October, 1797, and educated in the College of St. Sulpice. He was for many years a wholesale merchant. Afterwards called to the IJar of Lower Canada in 1841. He was elected Mayor of Montreal four times, and as such received the Prince of Wales, Prince de Joinville and Prince Napoleon Bonaparte, He was a Commissioner to settle losses arising out of the Rebellion of 1837-38. Called to the Legislative Council. Lie died in 1867. PIERRE J. O. CIIAUVEAU, LL.D., D.L., Was born in Quebec in 1820. His ancestors came from France (Diocese of Bordeaux), and settled at Charlesbourg. He was educated at Quebec Seminary. Studied Law under Okill Stuart, and admitted in iliiii('iits ol r,iii>i|ii', Ki'iiiniin^', lu' w.it sent rot Id t'nrin tin' i'ir.si Adinin- JHtratioii ulOui I'lovim c, ami sin recited, liiiiii; irtiiiiu il \>y acclatn.itioi) lor tlic (^uUiUy III (J)U('li(.-<' lor lioth l.fx'al and I'fdcial I'.iili.iiiirnls. in this oHiri' (»f Picinicr, lie wjh succeeded l'\ ll'iii, (I, Oiiiintt, .iiul III iSj; he iiccepted the <»(t'ne of Slu'iilT ff Mon- trcni. ill' was heaiiof tlie I'.it lilt) lit' Law, l,.iv.il, Mniitic.il, and Prol'i'ssor of Koniaii liaw. Me ri'ceivi'd llic dej-ui' of I, I,. I), fiiini hoili Mi;(iill and ^i^Ilu|t's ('tdli'^cs and iKictor of l.ilei.uuie horn Laval. Me was a nn'nil>er ol many liuiaiy .iiid scirntiru: insiitiilioiis, and a veisaiili' wiiirr on every snlijicl. Mis younger son is now Judge of llie Sessions at <^)ii< Inc. Me JKid iwo son- .unl sis daiiglileis, All liis lir.uitirul dauf;liters savi' one died l)el"ort.' Itim. ,i Wi] the only surviving om; is the wife of our well- known S«ici)tist ami IMofessor of Laval. I )r. \ alit'i-. The Author ol'iliese .Sketclies and tlie sulije( I of this skiti h were for many years intimately ronnected, t'lrst in the education of the IMfivinee, ;ind lalteily lor years, the one as .Sheriff of the Mistrid ami the olhiT as Chaplain to the I'lisoiis. The fust volume that the Author ol' diis hook iver publislu'd w.is dedu, iteil to ihe Mon, !'. J. ( ). (."hauveau in llie ye.ir iSAo. Me died two years ;igo. LUDtiKK DUVKKNAV Was horn at \eicheres, jjiid January. I7<)<>. After ricelviny an eiemeiiiary edit- ealion, he raiiie to .\L)nireal in iSi,^. and eiiteiid the ofliee of the Spicfalor. After four years, lie pulilished T/w T/iid- Riven Gazittc. In 1S23, he issued 7'/if Constitiitio'io/, which only lived two years. In iSjH, in Three Risers, he liuhlisheil Ihf Ar^iis, but m xi yiar he returned to Montri'al. Me was greatly mixed up in the troubles of 1S37, and had to lU-e to lUirlington, rnited State;, where he |iiil)lishi'd ill iS^^q a paper called /c Patriotc. Me rttuiiied to Canaila in 1842, and by the generosity of Mr. l-'abrc continued to publish l.ii Mineivi\ having Mr. Lafontaine, afterwards Sir Louis as its editor, lie died 2Sth November, 1S52. His principal work was the founding of the St. jean J}a])liste Society, one of the largest in the city, and which lias ramifications all over the CuntineiU. HON. r. I). DEnAUT/XH. A ME.MiiKR of the Lower Canadian jiarty of 1837. Me first entered the Legislature as a Member of the Assembly in 1810, and enrolled himself in the r.mks of the Ojjposition of the day. Me was clevateil to the Upper House in 1S15. He founded a Journal in Montreal which contributed in a great measure to excite the people to the outbreak of 1837; '^'*'^' ''^' P'otecled and defended some of the leaders of the Insurrection. DR. L. II. MAS.SON AND DAMIKN MASSON. Jn 1837, th'j above two Patriots, as L. O. David says, were " big and grand looking men, with black eyes, broiuc countenances, robust constitutions and determined character." Their father was Louis Masson, a merchant of St. Bcnoit, and they were at nAXtriKr.K ok MnMKKAr. 315 till- time (tl till' k' 1)1 lliuii, till' HMi- twfuty-siv and tin- «)ili(f iwi-nty niu" yi-nrs of a^c. AfttT cuiiipliiiiiL,' his siiidics ill llii- Sciiiiii.iiy <»r MdiiIilmI, I )r. M.isxiii nIihIiciI with tlif rcli'lti.ii' (I Dr. Rold. NcNoii. hiiriiiy ilic rliolora of iH,p, In- umh at I'oiiU St. Cliiuli's. ami >>liorily after wciii in lli-aiiliariiolH lo take tlu- place Id nanl, ih y I'lmnd IWhlic llliiu lici, ilic I'.ii.iot cure (if St. Ciiaihs. .\fler some dfl.iy, the iwo iinuhers were bwiind lo c.hIi oihrr, and ( ondiicted to the new j,mo1 under an escort of niihi.iiy coinin mdcd hy Major ( '. Sahievois di- lileiiry. Afterw.uds. he was banished to Iteiinuda. iicfore I'nib.irUiiiL;, permission had been ^ur.inled for the eif^iit exiles to see their lamilies. Mine. .Ma-^son cann' to ihe prison to bid farewell to licr son^, whom she loveritain, with sub-agencies liirougiiout Canada; is a member of the Jioard of Trade and Corn I'Achange, and Treasurer of the Montreal Board of Marine Under- writers. He has been closely connected with the military history of Canada for over twenty- five years. Was one of ihe first of the Higli School boys to join the Cadet Corps, organized by the late Major iJarnjum in 1S63, and which corps furnished a large number of officers to the Militia during the troubles of 1866 and 1.S70. He was captain of No. 2 Company of the Cadets when he joined the Prince of Wales Regiment as Ensign in 1866, in lime to lake part in the defence of the Huntingdon Border against the I''enians. Was in command of No. 6 Company Brince of Wales Regiment at St. Armands and Pigeon Hill, in 1870. Was ap|)ointed M ijor of the Prince of Wales Rifles in 1873, and served in that rank till 1884, when he resigned; but the regiment being called out for active service in the Nor'Ji-West in 1885, he was offered and accepted the post of Adjutant and second in command, and, after the rebellion was checked, resiiifned finallv in 1886. Major Bond has served on the Executive of the Dominion Ritle Association, and is now Chairman of the l'>xccutive of the Province of Quebec Rifle Association. He was one of the leaders in the Equal Rights movement of 1890, speaking at several meetings in Montreal and the Town.iliips. He is Vice-President of the Dominion Alliance for the total suppression of the liquor traffic, and is President of the Citizens' League of Montreal, an organization having the support of the leading citizens, both clerical and lay, and formed for the purpose of enforcing the laws, particularly tlvse governing the sale of litpior. -'i8 (;a/.ktti:i;k or monirkai,. HON. SAMUKl, COkWVAI.l.IS MON'K. 1,1,1). To ')L'^iii ;il the l)cgiiiiiing i)f this wc'll-known ami impnrtant family who have hi't-n so prominent in the annals of [.owcr Canada, we must ^o hack l(j the early days of last ceniiiry. '{'he family of the late jiidLje Monk, the subject of this sketch, came from Devonshire. I'^iigland — a county that has, with its conligiious one, Cornwall, ])ro(liice(l many emiiuiU men in literature, art, and science, in the Church, liar and Senate, 'i'hey come from an old Norman family, the name having originally been Moviie or r,e Moine. We fust lind trace of the family ni lioslon — not then "'The Hub," but a small English town during the days before the War of Independence, James .Monk, of this time, married in Jjoston an Ann Dering, a, daughter of the well-known Henry Dering. After having taken part in the expedition against LouisbiM'g, then held by !•' ranee, he received a grant of land in Nova Scotia, and going there, settled near Halif.ix, where he died. He had three sons, James. Hi'tiry and Charles. The oldest afterwards became Sir James Monk, Chief Justice of .Montreal. We find his name at the opening of the first Coml of King's liench on the ist September, 1S02. 'i'he judges then present were "Chief Justice Monk. Mr. Justice I'anet, and Mr. Justice Davidson." 'I"hc second son, (leorge Henry, after having been a naval officer, became a Juilge in Nova Scotia. The thinl, Charles, went to live in I'jigl.ind, and became the father of James Henry M(jnk, at one lime Dean of I'eterboro, and afterwards iJishop of (doiicester and IJristol. (leorge Henry Monk married a Miss Gould, a niece of dovernor ]5enning Went worth. His son, at an early age, became rrolhonolary of Montreal. This was by the influence of his uncle, Chief Justice Sir James Monk. Samuel Went worth XTonk had an only son, Samuel Cornwallis Monk. The subject of our present sketch was born at Windsor, Nova Scotia, on the 29th of July, 1S14. He was educated at Windsor, and subsetiuently entered Trinity College, Dublin. Arriving in Canada in 1831, he commenced immediately the study of Law, and was admitted to the Bar of J^ower Canada in the midst of revohilion and rebellion, viz., in iS,37. For the next two years he made a lour of J'-urope, thereby saving himself from either side of the political volcano, which, during 1837 and 1838, raged through- out tne Province. (Jn his return to Montreal he entered into partnership widi the late Sir John Rose. He was made a ().C. in 1854, and for some years represented the Attorney Ceneral of Lower Canada as Crown Trosecutor. In 1859, he was raised to the liench of the Superior Court of Lower Canada, When the well-known Mr. Justice Aylwin retired in 1868 from the Queen's Bench, the subject of this memoir became his successor — and from then to his death he was one of the most revered and successful judges of that Court. He had perfect knowledge of both the English and French languages, and his manly and grand i)resence in the judicial chair at once commanded respect, and his fine countenance the admiration of the beholders, 'i'he University of Laval made him a Doctor of Laws of their F'aculty, a distinction rarely granted to an English- r.AZl 'iri I K Ol' MdN TKKAI.. 2\<) spciil^ing suhjccl of C;in;ulii, cxcriit tor peculiar allaimiK'iits. Ilr inarrird in 1S4.} a . -Monk, l.L.l).. is a i)ronusinL; advocate of Montreal, and is followin^Mlie leg, U fool- steps of the past generations, Law having been their favorite branch of study, lie married a granddaughter of one of our most well-known political patriots of 1S37, ( 'oiiie Scraphin ('iierrier. n.('.. whose biogr.i])hy is also insert d in this GazI'VCTKHK. He has helil already some prominent places in the city, and is Professor of ("onsti- ti.tional and (!ivil Law in Laval rnivt-rsity, and has he. n one Ixjrn at M. Anne de la I'er.ule in 1SJ4. Alter his studies, he was (ailed to the llai in 1S4J. lie entered public life in 1S54, when lie was elected for Montreal, for which constituency he sal till 1S61. In the Ihown-Dorioii (jovernmeiU iie became Attorney (leiieral Last. In the Government which met in 1S62, .NL'. hoiion accepted the ollkc of Provincial .Secretary, a.nd in the lollowing year was elected to represent Llochel.iga. Me left the Cabinet same yeai', but next year returned in what is politically known as the Sandfield AIcDonald-Dorion Administration, in which he became Attorney (ieiieial for Lower Canada. In 1^64, he retired from politics. Returning to the business of his prot\ssion, he rose to be (Ihii'f justice of (^)iiel)i'C, and died iiniversally lamented in 1S90. The .Author of this volume dedicated his '• History of the Montreal Prison " to him. and, in his reply, he says : — '• [ have no doubt that you will make a most interesting book, and more particularly so to the members of the Legal Profession, and I readily acquiesce to your demand, and con- sent to the honor of having your book detlicated to me.'" in the dedication tiie Author writes thus : — '• The high position to which you ha\ e jiiained by youi own sterling worth and i)erseverance commends itself to every iij,'>i-minded man in the Province of (Quebec, of whatever religious denomination or p' iical sect, and slunild be an incentive to the younger members of the J5ar to follow in your illustrious footsteps." HON. M. LAFRAMHOISE. Hk was the son of the late Alexis ],aframboise, of Montreal. Was born in Mon- treal. iSth August, 1821, and lived in die City uj) to October, 1S46. Was married, iSth l''cbruaiy, 1846, to ^Lidemoiselle Rosalie Dessaulles, co-scignioress of the Seig- niory of St. Hyacinthe. Lived in St. Hyaca'nthe from October. 1846, u\> to C-tober, r862, when he returned to Montreal. Was elected member of the Legislative Assembly of Canada, in 1857, for the County of P.igot, which in; represented until the Confederation in 1S67, when he was defeated. Was a member of the JCxecutivc Council as Commissioner of Public Works, from July, 1863, until March, 1SC4, when the Government resigned. Was for m my years j\Layor (jf the City of St. Hyacinthe. - Was elected in June, 1871, by the County of Shefford to represent this county in the Provincial Legislature of Quebec, Had always been a Liberal in politics. 2 2() OAZKTTKKR i>l MoNTKEAI.. Li' A^atioiia/, of which ihc Hon. Mi. LafiMiiiboisc \v;is proiniclor, and Mr. N. Aiihin the editor in chief, was started on the nth May, 1S72, and was a i)aper of somewliat poMtical inlliience. Me was raised lo the JJeiich shortly after, and died a few years ago. HON. (HAS. lOS, LAliKRClK \\k. l,AiiKKi'.K was horn in Monlnal the joth ( )(ioher, 1X27, and entered the (College of St. Hyacinliie in 1S3S. Whilst at school the Hon. I.ouis Joseph Papineau was forced to say to him, '' Frankly, sir, I have never heard any one speak as well as you. If I have had the reputation of an orator you have the talent, and I predict that you will be a great orator."' Leaving school in 1S45, Mr. Laherge studied Law under Mr. R. A. R. Hubert, and was admitted to the liar in 1S4S. He was elected to Parliament in iS5[, by the Count)' of Iberville, anil soon jilaced himself in the hrst rank as a Larliamentary orator. Li 1S5S, he was aj)pointed Solicitor-i leneral in the Jirown-Dorion Cabinet. In .September, iS6;5, Mr. Laberge was ap|)ointed Assistant judge for the District of Sorel. in ])lace of judge lirimeau. On the 23rd November. 1S59, Mr. Laberge married Mile. Helena ()li\e 'I'nrgeop. daughter of the Hon. j. O. Turgeon, Member of the Legislative Council. Twice elected Mayor of St. jean, he refused re-election a third time. He established \\\i: /•'/ oiuo-Canoiiicn which was conducted by him antl by his success-or, Mr. Marchand, with much wisdom and talent. At the time of his death he was the editor-in-chief of Le National. A man of probity, intlexible principles and brilliant qualities — one of the fmest intellects that Canada has ever jjroduced. He died the 3rd August, 1874. WIl.IJAM KENNEDY Was born in Montreal in 1822. Eldest son of the late Wm. Kennedy, in his lifetime builder in Montreal, a native of Yorkshire, England, both parents being L'nglish. On leaving school learned his business as a builder, and also studied architectural design- ing. In 1842, entered into partnership with his father and carried on the business for several years until the retirement of the senior partner. Afterwards on his own account, and has continued the occupation to the present time, combining with it the professions of architect, vaUiator and expert. During this time has supervised and assisted in the erection of many ptd)lic and private buildings. In 183S, was a member of the 2nd company of the JJattalion of Volunteer Militia under Co lonel ^hiitland, which served during the rebellion of that period, being stationed to guard the apjiroaches of the city ; afterwards served in the Lighi Infantry while under the command of Colonel Dyde. In 1865, was member and Librarian of the Choral Musical Society, which was organized under the direction of the late Mr. Maffre, the Society giving many con- certs at which they rendered the compositions of the old masters. During the early struggles establishing the Mechanics' Institute, Mr, Kennedy became a Life Member, and actively assisted in placing the Institution on a permanent basis, being a Member f.AZKITl F.R OK MONTREAL. lai of the Finance and otlicr ('f)nimitti.'cs. Tlic grant from (lovcrnnient not being siiffic ionl to tiiablc the Directors to engage professional teachers, Mr. Kennedy ten- dered his L^ratiiiloiis services, and for several years successfully taught the classes in architectural drawing ami designing. During the excitement of iSf)i, volunteer corps were formed, and Mr. Kennedy a< tively assisted, benig elected First ],ieutenant of the Secf)nd Montreal Engineers. In 1.S64, he received a first class certificate from the Military lJ(jard for jiroficiency in tuilitary duties, and was also gazetted Claptain of IiIk < onipany. in rSfx;, was jtromoled to the rank of Major in the Active Militia of ("anada. During the Fenian Raid of 1S70 he was at Huntingdon, and took part in the engagement at Trout River. In 1S74, was elected one of the Life Governors of the new Western Hospital. In March, 'S72, was elected Ccjuncillor for the St. Law- rence Ward and afterwards Alderman, actively attending to his duties during the term of three years, when he received an intluential recjuisilion for renominalioii, but declined. While in the ('ouncil was member of the Market, Water and Health Com- mittees, and also the Sub-Committee of the new City Hall. For eighteen months was (,'hairman of the Health Committee, and rendered essential service to the city by his activity in carrying out sanitary measures in the Mountain Park and Civic Hospital, which was visited ilaily. House scavengering was also carried out daily and regularly for the first lime under his regime, and many useful sanitary laws were projecteil by him which have since been established by Tarlianient. He has been one of the longest members of the City Council, and introduced, as seen, many valuable measures fur the good government of the city. IIUX. JUDOi: TORRANCK. Fki:i). William 'rDURAXCb: is one of the few in this CAZHrri;i;R of native-born Mon- trcalers, having been born in Montreal, July 16, iS2,v His father was John Torrance, nierclianl of this city, and his mother, F^lizabeth J''isher. He was educated at Nicolct College and in lulinburgh, Scotland, ami latterl\- at the L'nversity of that ancient seat of learning. He graduated >LA. in 1844, ranking second in Classics and Ma- thematics. Returning to Montreal, he studied Law in the offices of Duncan Fisher and Hon. James Smith (afterwards the well-known Judge), and was called to the Bar in i84(S. J'or twenty years he i)ractised in the Montreal Courts. He was made ().C. in 1S67. and advanced to the JJench, August 27, 1868. judge Torrance was one of the founders of the " Lower Canada Jurist " in 1857, and was its editor for four years. He was Professor of Romm Law in McGili University from 1854 to 1870, and from this institution he received his degree of B.C.L. in 1856. He was also a Governor of McGill from 1870 to his death. In 1S65, he was ai)pointed a commis- sioner to inquire into the St. Albans raid. In 1875, he married Mrs. Laura Pugh nee Hensley, of Frankfort, Kentucky, U.S.A. He died a few years ago universally regretted, and especially by the members of the Church to which he liad so endeared himself; Crescent Street Presbyterian Church. 222 (l.\/i:i I Ilk dl' Mu\ IKKAI.. HON. I LI Mil. ( ko^S. Air.XAM'i.K Cross, altlioii^Ii imt .i milivi nt .\|(iiitic;il, is yet oiio oT tliosL' ciii/cMis who may lie callctl such lie is liu- smi of Kohcil Cro'^s, wlio was horn in Lmaik- shin-, Scotland, a.'ml March, iSji. 'I'lic (.'loss lainily had hvcd lor ^cnoralions in a property cahcd " Ohl Monklaiids." I'hc mother of our sketch was a Janet Selkirk, hence the naiiu' (if our rising yoiiiij, law\rr. his son, Selkirk Cross. Hardly a year elapsed I'linn tli' inu' ut' the (,'ross famil)' comin:; into Canad.i till the head of the honse, RobtMt Cross, il.cd. 'I'liis necessitated the family removini; to a farm on the Chateaii^Miay River, not far from the phice where the haltle hail been foiiyht. Tiie youngest son, tiie siihject of tnis sketch, did not lake kiiidl) to aj^iiciil- tiire. but showed a preponderance t i liier.iry pursuits. Ileiiin encouraged in this laud;ilile object by his elder brother, who hail in Scot hiiiil been educated lor the Scottish liar, he rendered Alexander every assistance in his power, -eeiiii^ thai his brother bent his mind on ihe leyal profession. When sivteeii years ol age he came to Montreal ;'.iul entered as a i)upil the Montreal College at the time the cele- brated Rebellion broke out. Indge ("n.ss slmlied i,aw with jchn J. Day. lie also enlisted a,s a volunteer in Col. Mailland's iSattalion, and served ihrouglioul the npiisin:;, retiring with the rank of Sergeant. '1 lii-^ is a differeiil title to thai ol' Sergeant in the London i,aw Courts. When the rebels were defeated at lleaiiharnois, he was one of the lirst lo reach iIkU viliai;e after the troops had entered it. Some lime after he was chosen the CMerk of the Cmnicii of the Couniy of lieauharnois. So weil did he aiteud lo the duties of this situation that i,ord Selkirk and others who had sia\edai the Manor House lo see its workings, complimented him on the abilities which he ilisplaye'd. Hewas called to the liar in 1S44, anil was in practice in Montreal, fu'st with Dun- can Fisher, (J>.C.,and afterwards with James Smith, (J.C., late .\tlorney (leiieral and Judge of the Sui)erior Court. He was made (^.C. in 1864. I must mention here, and taken from the second vol. of '" Men of Progress," published in New Vork that al the burning of the rarliamenl House of Montreal in 1.S49, the subject of this sketch was then present, and assisted the late Sir Louis Lafontaine and some others of ihe notable politicians in making their escape from the burning biiildings, escorting them unmolested through the turbulent crowd of rioters, among whom he exercised an amount of influence." He was raised to th^ Queen's Bench, 30th August, 1877, where he has continued ever since one of its brightest ornaments. He seems all his life to have had a great aversion to publicity. When a young man he was more than once offered positioiis of public trust, but always refused. In 1848, he married Julia, a daughter of William Lunn and sister of Mr. Lunn, the well-known advocate, of the firm of Lunn & C.;ramp. v.A/KITi:i.K OK Mu.MKI Ai.. 33^ AM'.XANDr.k i;i;uik.\M WasIi'imi ill liciwickshlrc, Scotliind. iSii. lie w.i^ the son of ;i Macksiuitli, ;iiul Ic.uiicd tlir l)iisiiii'ss wiih liis I'liilicr. IIi' c.iiiic to Caiiail.i in i!<.i4, and was then aliaclii'il to tlif N'oliiiili'iT I'iic P'oli'iMiiii; ('oinpiiiy till 'Sji.wlicn the l''iro I )l'- partmenl was ofLiani// d iMuUr J. 11. Ilmnhdon, as Chief l'".nj;inecr. lie was then atta< lied to No. 4 fiie i'ii;;int' ralaract, worked at the hiakes, was then raised to lie liraiH hniaii, thru heiileii int, thru captain : all ihesc changes took piac e helueen llic yeais iS(i-i.S49. In 1S49, he was appoinud assi-.iant en;,'ineer. W'Im n he received that appointment, the nienthers of tlie < onipany uwv w hie h hr was captain presented him witli a handsome silver snuff !)o\. This position he held till 1.S52, when lie was appointed ('hief r'aigineer of llic I'lie I )epailnu nt. Atur that he was entirely occupied with lire inaltcis. and several limes visited th.' Initcd Slates for the juirpose ol inspet tini; the lire dt parliniiii-^ in the large cities of the I iiion. I'dr several years after his appointment, the I'ire hepartnient was composed ot aJiout four hundred men. So soon as the new water woiks of the city, and the cisie-n on the prvseiit elevated position (the water heing available from the pressure in the pipes), weie found sufficient to eMinguish \\w, he advocated llu' leduclioii of the nuiiiber of the fuemeii, until tiu'V were reduced to the pr- .eiit strength, 57 nun and otficers. In 1S60, when the I'rince of Wales visited Canada, and the firemen took an active part in tiic display and torclilight procession, he was presented with a veiy handsome silver cup by a few friends as a mark of nspecl. In iSf)',. the liremen pri'.-eiiled him willi a vei\ haiid-ome silver cup, whicji bears a great resembhiiice to l'i:\ a|)paralus, as the fool is a miniature iiydraut, and the cup is su])purted from thai by hose keys. In 1S73, when he had held tlie jxtsition of Cliiel Engineer for twenty years, the members of the brigade under his ciiarge ])resentt;d him with a very line oil painting t)f himself in uiiifoim. lie died a few years ago. CllARLKS NICHOLS, b.K.C.I". His father was a teacher of celebrity in the County of Suffolk, England. Mis father's sudden death caused his removal from school, and at the early age f)f fitteeii he commenced his educational career, afterwards hokling the Classical and Mercantile chairs in lUiry, Si. Edmunds, Stanton, St. John, and Cavendish Grammar School, in his native county. He then tilled high positions in the large private schools in the vicinity of London, viz., I>arnes, Willesden, and Kensington. The head classical assistant maslershii) in the Royal Reading Grammar School falling vacant, he became an applicant, and, after a severe examination, was successful in obtaining the appoint- ment, which he held for five and a-half years. It was during his residence in this famous school that he became connected with the College of Preceptors, and whose Licentiate's Diploma he obtained in 1852. After his departure from Reading, he was called to manage the Diocesan Commercial School, at Dnnniow, during the ill- 334 <;AZKTTKK.K o|.' MONTKKAI,. ness of ilie I'riiicipal, who, dyiiij,', tlio coinmiltfc being sr) satisfied with tiiiii, offori'd him tlic Iliad Maslcrsliip, wliii h he a«:< cpted, uiitl held for two and a lialf years. After raising the school to a high standing in education, and fiHing the school house with l)oar(lers, he resigned liis position to the great regret of all, passing on to a mastership in the Thorp Arch College, Yorkshire, where he stayed but a short time. 'I'he Hoard of Management of the Connnercial Travellers' Scliools elected him as their Mead Master, etc.. which he held for some years, carrying on successfidly its arduous duties. In 1856, he left his native country for Montreal, and opened an Acadenjy. .Mr. Nichols is anr.K. M I'.l ., J. P., Was l)«»rn in I )iiik1cc. Scotland, and left it with \\h wii and xon on tlic .sih of April, iH.|o, .Mid III) the 51I1 of May following' he was shipwrecked in tlu- ntiildle nt' the night at Torl)ay, einhieen miles nf)rtheaHl of St. John's, NewlDiniill.uid, with all the p.ii>liiin, llic Writer (;l litis sketch, ;iii(l Mr. AK'Xiiiidrt, weiil to (^)iic:I)i;(;, and -law the Ministry of the day. 'I'hc result was we have now a fair building for l'r(Jtest ml and Konian Calh(j|ic woHH II, respectively, in I'lilliini street. Wiiile in (Joiiiicil he |iresente(l himself for election to ie|ires(nl llie (,'(.nlre VVaril of our city in the I'lovincial I'arliaujfiit, and, ihoii^h contested, was ciccte I \>y a large majority. Hi: rirmained for two terms, but then relire(|, .k , his private anil liusiness illlerl^sts re(|uire(l his undivid'-d .Mtentioii. About this time, wlnii ihe II^i/hl's and .Shrr issued their daily arteiiioon |ia|)er, m.iiiy poor (hildieiiwere employed selling llu in, sometimes until a lale houiai night. Something had to be doiu- for those who had no homes. The matter then took shape. Mr. Alexander said he would build a suil,d)lc house. Aiiolliir, J. Ilaylis, said he wcjuld givi-ihe land. 'I'liiis arose the JJoys' ll(jme in Mountain street. In \H(i(), a mei'img of cili/ciis was held to cue for the deaf and dumb of our city and i'roviiKc, being I'roieslant. 'ihe late John l)ougall and 'I'homas ( jamp, ami others who liavi: since died, desired to begin the work. Mr. (.'ramp collected (|uite a sum of money. A locality was bought in Cote .St. Antoine, and the work begun. .Mr. .Mexander was i'resideut; !'. McKenzie, .Secretary-'lVeasurcr, with a good ( (unmitlie of men and women. I'or six years it kept on under much discouragement, until Joseph Mackay built the iiistilution further out on Cote .St. Antoine. Then, (Jii the opem'ng by Lord l)uirerin, ..Mr. Alexander retired from being I'resideut, but is still closely identified with the work. Probably ih .ill the public efforts of the subject of this memoir, none cost him more aiixiel) Irom the first inception until this present time than that of the beginning and ( (jiitinuiiig of the great work of the I'roteslant Ilosjiital for the Insane, 'i'liis Institution is now, it is to be hoped, settled on a linn basis, and its valuable benelils spread far and near. I'or many years .Mr. .Alexander has been an active helper in the .Society for I'reveiition of (Jruelly to Anim.ds and is now the ['resident. It employs two Inspectors — one for the Ivisl and another for the West (jf the city. I.olli these men repoil to the rrcsident daily. .\lr. Alexander was at the lirsl meeting several years ago of the .Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Women and (."hihlreii, and is still an active member (jf the Society. It is d(jing a good work ; has an earnest agent ilaily employed hearing compl.iints and trying to remedy them. Whatever the subject of this sketch has done in any hmnble way since he has jjeen in this city, he attributes all U) the goodness of God, who has [)ul it in his heart to do so, and given him grace and strength and time for such W(jrk. If ever a man in all this great city deserved a niche— a public monument from his fellow citizens for the public charities and blessings he has bestowed upon the aaS (lA/KI TKKK OK MoNTKIM.. l)c()|ilc, (lliarles AlcxiindiT docs so. TluTf is not, s;ivc- one or two cxc x'i)ti(jns, ;i siii^U." niiin ill those six Iiiiiiclrcd memoirs wiio lias done as much as lie has (h)iic in piilihc l)ciicractions, and in rt'^^jard to many ol" liiese piihhc ameliorations, the Writer of this hook rts, a champion crii keter and golf player, and a gieat admirer of the " roaring game" — curling. 'I'he Edinburgh .S'tt^/.vw^ir// has spoken of him as being the best all round cricketer in Scotland, and a terrifically fast bowler who has won victory after victory for the West of Scotlatid. He was captain of the Glasgow University cricket and football clubs for some years, and also cai)lain of the " (lentlemen of Scotland." We are glad that in this matter of out-door recreation, and also in some other matters, he has shown the courage of his convi'tions, and we do not think he has lost any- thing by it. I'here is such a thing as being too professional and too jjriestly, and there can be little doubt but that this has done its full share in creating the somewhat genera! prejudice that exists among young men against religion. 'I'his popular divine has been honored by being called on to preach before (^ueen Victoria on several occasions, and he stands high in Her Majesty's estimation as an expounder of the Gospel of Christ. The congregation of St. Paul's Church is large and influential. Jts ministers have always been men of commanding intellect and gentlemanly bearing, 2.^0 (.AZITIKI.H <»l' MONIRI ,\I,. and who licid lliiii suvt-ial pastorali-s for a « oiisidcraljk- imiiilu r <>( years. 'I'ht'ir names and {^ood dci-ds arc kindly rcincnilx.Tcd l)y tlif cili/ciis and llic nirnibLTs of the chuicli and conj^rc^ation. 'I'hc several Dij^ani/ations of the ( iiuicii arc; doin^,' ,nood work for hninanily, and llierc is a larj^e and tlonrishinj^ Sunday Scliool. 'I'lie \'i(tniia Mission, al I'oint Si. ('Iiarlcs, is supported and carried on by tiiis ( iiurcli ; and il also supports a nii^sion.iry in Central India. Its annual revenue ainonnls to ahoiil $2J,ooo.oo, and llie pastor's salary is $7,_^oo.co, the largest ])aid lo any minister in the I )oininion." N. I.OVI'.KIN, M.I). Hk was born at GreL-idjiish, I'.lizahcthtown, 1.S29, and eduiatcd at iSrockvillc (Iram- niar School under the princip.ilship of |. Windial, I'lscp In the Uinversity of Toronto, in 1S5J, In- look the pii/e lor anatomy and pliy- siolo^iy. lie gr.uhiated in Mc(iill (Jollcj^e, May, i,S55,and married Miss (". Ilronsdoii ol Montreal, the dauj^hlcr ol one ol (tur most wi^ll-known and oldest citizens. Me practiced h)r many years as a jihysician in (Miieaj^o, .iinl was snij^feon in the late American civil war in the army of Mc(!lellaii, heiii.^ present at the battles of Ccnlreville, Antietam and South Mountain. In the disastrous ;ind terrible conlla^ral ion iu (ihiea-^o in 1S71 he was, with thousands of oilu-rs, burnt;d out. After the lire he was a|ipointed I'lisl President of the Dominion iJi'nevoleiil Association of (."hicano. which sociel}' was oinani/ed to aid the sufferers by that awfid lire. He presenle 1 before the ('an idian l*ubli(, the iiueieiliii:^ and novel jnethod of studying History invciiti'd by CJount / iba, a svstem which will jurhaps supersede all other systems of teachi;ij; History, and bee (im- tin- one .ind only method of imparting that interesting and useful br.incli of education to tin; rising generation of every civili/cd countr). He invented a most ingenious school requisite, "The Historical ('eiUogr;iph and Statistical Register," whi<;h commanded the esteem of Rev. .Abbe \'erreaii of Jaecpics (!artier Normal School .itid other well-known Historians. He (bed soim; years ago. I'IKKKK KVARISTI-: IJil'-l-ANC, M.IM'. Hl.s family came to L'lsle jesus, County of l-aval, from Acadia (Nova Scotia) in 1757, after the cotujitcst and disjtcri'ion of its inhabitants by the Ihilish Army. He is the soti of Joseph Leblanc, by his wife Adele JJelanger. He was born at St. Martin, County of Laval, loth August, 1853, and educated at the Academy there, at Jacques Cartier Normal School, and at McGill University. He married 12th January, 1886, Hermine, daugiiter of tiie late Th(Jodore Ikandry, JOsq., of Montreal, by Madame ^(^atlierine Vallec. He was called to the JJar, V.Q., nth July, 1879, and first returned to Legislative Assembly i^lh October, 1882, in the room of Hon. L. O. Lorangcr, wiio was then elevated to the Bench. He was unseated on petition and re-elected. Re-elected at last General Election. <;.\/i:rri:i.K ok mmntioai.. 831 (Ol.. JOHN DVDK ^V^^s the son ol ilic l.iii.- RdIx-h Dydi-, of l.niuloii, and was horn in i7';5, al Altona. in the Diiciiyof Holstcin in Denmark. TIil- ImchcIi Kcvoliition was llicn al its liriglil, and his lathi-r licinj^ compclh'd to coinc to Paris, where he had iarj^e Inisiness relations, st'iit Mrs. I )yde to Allona, .1 town (in the River l'',ll)(;, wiii( h w.is soun after taken possession of hy the T'lcnch, under whose llaf{ the ('oh)ntd wa hnrn. Mrs. I )yde (lis},'ui:ed as a saihir, with hir youii^' son concealed in a. clothes haskt't, escaped to llaiuhiiry and afterwards reacheil I'aris, where her hiisl)aiid, with many oi liis coiuitrymen, was a prisoner, for liavin^ too openly expressed opinions h istile to the powers that were. Me was suhseipicnt ly released, and in the sprin;; of i.Sio cami- with his family to New \'oik, and in iSi_5 moved to lioston. In iSi.j, the f imily came to Montreal, and he was at (Jiicc installed in the Militia, siihsefnieiitly becomini; Sergeant Major and lOiisign and Adjutant. In i.Si;. he obtained a situation in the Noiih \V(;st (!ompany, and then set out for the Red River ("ountry, going as far as the Rocky Moinitains. In 1 S 19, he r(.'turiied to .Montreal, in 1.S22, he married lOli/.a, daughter ot \V. j. I lolt. a veteran olllcer who had been taken |)risoner al Saratoga while serving mider Hurgoyne. He r.fterwards madi; two vojages to the West Indies, and was twice shipwrecked. After suflering great hardships, he arrived in 1.S29 iu New York and imnu'dialely came to .Montreal, where lu; had been given up as lost by all but his wife. In nS^i, he went to (,)uebec as Inspector of .Ashes, and was subsequently macU' manager there of tin; Towboat (Company, rt'laining liis place as lnspe<;lor. In 1S33, he was appoii.led Lieutenant and Adjutant of tlu; (lariison .Artillery. In 1S.35, in addition to his other ai)poiiitmenls, he received the position of Manager of the St. I.awr 'lice Steamboat Company. .At the outbreak, in 1X37, of the political troubles he raised the (,'ompany of (Ireiiadiers in twenty-four hours .after llie order had issued to raise a regiment oi a thous.md strong, " The J>oyal (Quebec Volunlceis," and thus became senior officer. 'The rebellion having been appaiently (pielled, the "Loyal (Quebec Volunteers" were on the ist of May, nS^S, disbanded, and he returned to Montreal, and received the situation of Inspector of Ashes. In .N(jvembi;r the rebellion having again broken out, he was transferred to the Montreal Light Infantry, and served with them till the troubles were over. In 1845, during the Oregon dilticiilty, he organized the Montreal Light Infantry in three weeks. In 1850, he acted as Magistrate with the Troops in suppressing the fearful riots* in (Irifl'mlown, when 207 houses were burned. In 1855, at the reorganization of the active militia, he was a])pointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Montreal Rifles, now the Prince of Wales, and on his promotion to command the brigade was presented by the Regiment with a magnificent testiiTionial. In t86o, he was appointed Commandant of the whole active Force in Montreal, and subsefinently received the high ran.k which l)y special clause in the Militia he held to his death, that of full Colonel. In i86r, during the " Trent " difficulty, the Force was through his efforts and the loyalty of the citizens raised in a few days from 1,000 to 4,000 men. His eldest son Robert, who was Major of the Light Infantry, fell a sacrifice this year to disease contracted in the service, 2^52 flAZITII I l< Ol MONTRIAL. his second son Charles having ])rivi()iisly died from the effects of the clinKitc wliile serving in Incha in the 141I1 l-ight Dragoons. In the same year — 1S61 lie was President of the I'irst Kille toiirnaineut heUl in Canada; he was also President in i86_^ of the (Inind Kille 'rournamenl held in Montreal, "grand" hecause no tourna- ment since has e(|iialle(l it in ;i)lendor or success ; he was President also for some years of the St. George's Society of Montreal. In 1.S66, (hiring the l""enian difliculties, he commanded the Second Urigade, the l-'irst being composed of all the Kegulars, the Second of all the \'ohmleers. In 1S6S, by the provision of Sir George Cartier's Militia iJill. his connection with the force was, mu('h to his regret, unexpectedly severed after I'lfty-four years of uninterrupted service, lie was, however, by special privilege allowed to retain his rank. On the 25th of March, 1.S71, he was presented by the Volunteer I'orce with a inagnit'iceiil full length portrait of himself, j)ainted by the late well-known artist, Mr. Hell-Smitli, sen. So great was the number of persons present on the occasion that the ceremony became a jjcrfect ovation. The hall was densely packed, and hundreds were unable to gain admittance. I lis sixty years service in the Military Korcc of the country did not impair his \ igor. To the last he was fond of all athletic pursuits, and was a keen curler. On one occasion he had the honor, at his l,oidship's special invitation, of playing a single-handed match with the Governor General, the Karl of Dufferin, who had been a pupil of the Colonel's in curling. After a most eventful life and beloved by all classes of the citizens, he died at the advanced age of eighty years a few years ago. u. s. wnrn:, m.f\, " Was born at I'eterboro', Ontario, March 15111, I1S56. lie is the eldest son of the late Hon. 'i'homas White, who at the lime of his death was Minister of the Interior in Sir John Macdonald's Cabinet. Mr. R. S. Wliile received his education at the schools of Hamilton and at McGill University. He engaged for a time in commercial pursuits, and was a short lime employed in the l)ank of .Montreal ; but having a decided taste for journalism he joined, in 1874, the siaff of the Montreal Gazeite, on which he rose to the position of chief editor, an office he yet fills. With an active interest in political affairs he became a member of the Junior Conservative Club of Montreal, and has filled the ofl'icc of president of that Ihiurishing organization. Upon the death of his father, who had re])resented Cardwell, the electors of that constituency returned the son to Parliament as their representative, at the election held on Octobei 3rd, i88e late 'I". K. Jtcrgiron, l'!s([., notary, of Rigaiid, (Jue., and the late Laiadie ('aroline Delpliine ("oursol, danghtir of (lidion Cours'il, I'lsti., notary, of St. Andrews. Uorn at ki^and. October ij^tli, 1.S54, llie subject of our sketcli re<:cived a part of his education at the Jesuits' College, Mon- real, thereafter entering McClill ('ollege, whence hegraduated in 1877 with tlie degree of IJ. ('.!,. In the same year he was called to tlie J!ar of the Province of (Quebec. Prior to this he had, in 1874. entered the Military School in Montreal, taking a se( ond- class certificate, intl then joined No. i Cavalry Trooj). Since i>>75, he his been an active member of St. Jean Haptisie S(n:iel), .Montreal, and, in iSSo, becanie a member of the s;ime society in ValUyfield. His first appearance in the arena of active politics was in li'i-jij, when the death of the sitting member for Meauharnois left a vacancy in the representation of that constituency. Mr. Ilerjeron was nominated and elected by thirteen votes over his opponent, and was re-elected by acclamation on the 13th June, 18S2. To illustrate the confidence which his electors refxjse in him, it may be noted that when, in I.SS7, Mr. Bergeron — having taken a very aciive part in the North-West political difticulty, and fighting the Clovernmcnt on such a point — offered himself again for re-election, though opjiosed by a Oovernment candidate (Mr. Pelletier), and in spile of ilu; constituency been looked upon as a Tory strong- hold. — in spite als(j of the patronage exercised by them on a large scale, .Mr. Jiergeron carried the election by a majority of 222 votes. When the House opened, after the election of 18S7, the administration which Mr. iiergeron had supported fo" eight years previously was still in power, and as the Kiel and North-West (piestions were matters of the past, and coukl not be brought before; Parliament any more, Mr. Per- geron, still holding on those (luestions the same views, continued his sup|)ort to the Ciovernment, whose general policy, he was convinced, was in the interest of the country, in the election of 1S91, Mr. Bergeron had to cross swords with his first opponent, Mr. I.. .A. Seers, who presented himself as an Independent("onservative, having the support of the entire Liberal parly, but .Mr. Jk-rgeron was elected by over 300 majority. .\t the Session of 18S2, Mr. ]>ergeron moved the .\ddress in reply to the Speech from the Throne. He was then but iweniy-seven years of age. During the last Parliament, from 1888 to 1890, Mr. ]»ergeron was Chairman of the Standing Committee, one of the most importiiMt comniittees of the House. \t the opening of the last Session of Parliament, he was elected Deputy Speaker of the Commons, a further proof of his ability and popularity. On July 7th, 1S90, Mr. liergeron was united in marriage with Miss Ada Wall, daughter of the late Robert Wall, of Mon- treal. Mr. Bergeron is a pleasing speaker, an indefatigable worker, and thoroughly versed in parliamentary procedure. Having youth, ability ond popularity on his side, the friends of Mr. Bergeron may fairly be pardoned if they indulge the confident hope that his will be a bright and eminently successful public career, even as it has been in the past. Mr. Bergeron is a member of the St. Denis Club, Le Canadien Club, City Club, St. James Club, and the Montreal Hunt Club." >34 U,\/E1TKEK OK MONTKIC'M. WII.IIAM FRANCIS MCH THAI,!,. N,l'. Tmk siil)jc(t of tilis sketch is William I'lancis l.ijihthall. wIiuhc name is well known as one of till' lu-ads ol" tin- Notarial |iroti'ssioii of tnc l'rnvint iliiny-i'oin i.r thirty- five years ofa^-c. In ihc (iriiiid Assembly at St. (,'liarKs, on llic a^tli October, iS^y. he scc«)iiilcLaillet, Joseph Pratte, and Louis Lussier, and was divided into four charges : ist. "That the prisoner Jalbert had carried the sword of the deceased Lieut. Weir, and had been aided and abetted by the other three. 2nd. That when J. B. Maillet had xhe sword in his Iiand, the prisoner with the other two aided and assisted in the murder of Lieut. Weir. 3rd« That whei^ Jose])h Pratte had a sword in his hand, the prisoner with the other two aided and assisted in the murder of Lieut. Weir. 4th. That when Louis Lussier had fired a gun at the deceased, Jalbert and the two others were present, aiding, assisting and encouraging in the commitment of the murder." GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 237 The other three mentioned in the indictment had tied to the United States. As an historical fact, and especially as in all smaller English Canadian Histories, very little is told us of this unfortunate episode of the times of the Rebellion, 1 will give the Solicitor-General's ojjcning remarks, whicli clearly and succinctly state all the circum- stances connected with this melancholy affair. He said : " You will probably recol- lect that in November, 1837, a detachment of troops under the command of Col, Oore marched upon St. Denis. Lieut. Weir of the 32nd Regiment of Her Majesty, which was then stationed in Montreal, received orders to go to Sorel to carry despatches for Col. Gore. Determined to reach Col. Gore in the shortest possible time, he went by land, as the Col. and his little army had gone by water. Full of the accomplishment of this object, Lieut. Weir hired a vehicle to take him to Col. Gore before lie should reach St. Denis. It is but right to state here that, at the distance of four miles from Sorel, the road divides into two branches, one of which is much longer than the otlicr- Lieut. Weir, presuming, without doubt, that Col. Gore had taken the shortest route, passed by the other and thus missed him. Going along this way, he was arrested by a guard, and brought as a prisoner into the presence of Dr. Nelson. The latter then gave orders that he should be sent as a prisoner to St. Charles liider the charge of Jalbert and others. His hands were then bound and he was mounted in a waggon. A r'.ort time after they untied his hands. Near the church Lieut. Weir jumped out of the waggon and is struck by a man of the name of j\Iailict who had a sword in his hand. Jalbert, who at that moment was on horseback, and had a sword at his side, cried out ' kill him, kill him, the deserter.' At the same instant Jalbert gave him a cut of his sword under which the deceased fell. The others fol- lowing his example, Lieut. Weir succumbed to the storm of blows that fell upon him. The band standing around him, he breathed again, when one of them cried out with a loud voice, ' He is recovering, he is recovering.' The prisoner at the bar is one of those who believed so. A man named Lussier then came up and discharged a gun or pistol at the deceased. Several days after the engagement with the troops, the authorities made a search for the body, and they found it at some distance from tnc river, covered with wounds and horribly mutilated." The trial continued seven days, witnesses for the Crown proving such facts that the Crown prosecutions were established. It was proved that Maillet, Pratte and Lussier had struck the body of Lieut. Weir many times, but there was a contradiction in the case of Jalbert ; several witnesses affirmed that Weir had been killed before Jalbert arrived where they were. From the records taken from the trial of C of Q. B., I find that the debated point of the composition of the jury is settled once and for all by the following being the sworn jurors : Etienne Courville, Charles Lenoir dit Rolland, Pascal Lemieux, Edwin Atwater, Simeon Lecomte, Elie Deseve, Benjamin Trudelle, Amable Desautels, Daniel McKercher, George Eraser, John Cadotte, John Mabell. The trial continuing seven days, or rather some of the Ju.y determining to bring 238 GAZETTKER OF MON'J REAL. in n verdict of not guilty, day by day refused to come to an understanding except tluit of non-agreement. On Saturday, the 7th September, one of the Jurors, Edwin Atwater, was indisposed and required refresliment. The Jurors llien received food, etc., and were locked up for the night and all Sunday. On Monday, not agreeing, they were again ordered to retire, and I find this : " The following constables are sworn to keep the jury in this case without meat, drink, fire or candle, and to suffer none to speak to them, nor siieak to them themselves, expect to ask if they are agreed." Daniel Shannon and (reorge (iibson were the constables. On the last day of the term the Jury were again remanded to their room, and che Court adjourned to half-past eleven at night, when Judges Rolland and Gale were present. It records " the Court at fifteen minutes before twelve, or midnight, desires that the Jurors be brought into Court," and the Jurors unanimously delare that they have not agreed upon a verdict, nor are ever likely to agree. The Attorney-General and the prisoner's Counsel " having declared that they had nothing more to nujve," and '' the term as fixed by law for holding this Criminal Session extending only until midnight, the Court at that hour (juitted the Uench, the Session being over and tlie Jury were discharged." In a few moments no persons were in the room save W^and the Gaoler, and the prisoner, and the late Mr. Schiller, then quite a young man. Jalbert was taken back to the prison and soon discharged. A considerable riot occurred, several of the Jurors receiving hard blows, and a detachment of the Guards and a troop of cavalry of the 7th Hussars were necessary to restore order. As one writer quaintly remarks concerning the riot : " La foule se disperse, et ainsi se termine ce proces oil se concentra tant d'animosite de la part de cetle population jadis si loyale, mais aujourd'hui enfin, devenue revolu- lionnaire." KLKANAII BILLINGS, F.K.G.S. Mr. IjILIjngs was one of the most talented paUeontologists that Canada ever pos- sessed, and whose name was for years associated with the Geological Survey of Canada. He was an Ottawaite, having been born in the township of Gloucester, on the Ottawa, on the 5lh of May. iSao. His father's family came originally from Wales, and settled in the New England Slates. His father was born in Massachu- setts during the war of the Revolution, shortly after which his grandfather came to Canada, and settled near Brockville. Mr. Billings pursued his studies partly at Ottawa city and partly at Potsdam, N.V. He entered the Law Society of Upper Canada as a student-at-law in Trinity term, 1840 ; and studied at different offices, in Ottawa and Toronto. At the latter place he completed his probationary studies, and was called *'j the Bar in 1845, He practiced in Ottawa city and the adjoining county of Renfrew until June, 1856, when he was appointed Palaiontologist of the Geological Survey of Canada. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Geological Society of London in February, 1858. GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 239 While residing in Ottawa city, Mr, Billings made a large and valuable collection of the fossils which abound in the rocks of tiie neighborhood. By studying these, he made himself well acquainted with the palaeontology of the Silurian rocks of Canada. His first papers were jjublislied in tlie Ot/cuoa Citizen newspaper, and in the Cana- dian /oi/rn a I oi 'l\n-o\\io ; the latter the organ of the Canadian Institute, and a most valuable publication. In l-ebruary, 1856, iMr. Billings published the first number of the Canadian Natiirclist. a periodical devoted to scientific objects, which ])roved extremely successful. The first volume was edited by Mr. Billings. He alsu look an active part in the compiling and issuing of the Canadian Journal and oi Silli- man's Journal. In 1863, he obtained a medal of honor at the Universal E.xhibition of London, and in 1S67 the Historical Society of Montreal conferred on him the same honor. Perhaps there is no man who has written S(j much as xMr. Billings has on a vast variety of subjects connected with his profession. It would be impossible here to enumerate them. He is thus spoken of in Litteraturc Caiuidiennc : '• Mr. Billings est, au dire des savants, la plus haute autorite de la puissance en fait de paleontologie." He died full of honors some years ago. REV. ROBT. L. LUSHER, An eminent Minister in tlie Wesleyan Denomination, was born in London in the year 1786. and at an early age was trained and educated for the Ministry. In 1817 he was appointed to take charge of the Society in ^Montreal, and arrived here in December of that year. The Wesleyan chapel ai that lime was in St. Sulpice street, once occupied by the Fabrique, but now pulled down, where he preached for three years. He returned to England in 1828, and nine years later he was reappointed as Chief Pastor of the Wesleyan Body in Lower Canada, and arrived here in October, 1837. Shortly after his second arrival in this country his health gradually tailed, and after a career of great usefulness, he died in July, 1848, in the sixty-second year of his age and thirty-third of his Ministry. He was chiefly eminent for his learning, gentleness of disposition, and deep but unobtrusive piety. The scienc of Astronomy was a favorite study of his, and his lectures on that subject showed great research. As a preacher he was seldom ecjualled, if excelled, in his day, as the following extract from the Canadian Courant, under date 23rd January, 1810, will shew : " We have sat under the preaching of the ablest divines, but we conceive the pulpit elocution of the Rev. Mr. Lusher in this or almost any other country stands unrivaled. Uniformly elo(pient, his language is chaste, persuasive and classically correct, full of pathos and a laudable zeal. Although he preaches extemporaneously, the eye of criticism discovers nothing in his language redundant, nothing to retrench ; and whilst it sweetly allures the understanding, is free from ostentation, bigotry and enthusiasm, remarkable in a preacher of that persuasion." It was not an uncommon occurrence that when it was known of his intention to preach in the country parts, he had to take his position at the church door, so that all might hear him both outside and in. Mr. Seymour, of Montreal, remembers this to have been the case. His sou is tie present Superintendent of the Montreal Street Railway. 340 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. HON. L. O. LORANGER, The subject of this sketch was born at St. Anne de Yamachiche on the loth April, 1837. He commenced his studies in tlie College of Montreal and finished them in that of the Jesuits. After studying Law for some years he was admitted Advocate on the 3rd May, 1858. He entered into partnership with his two brothers, T. J. J. Loranger, Esq., late Judge of the Superior Court, Three Rivers District, and Joseph Loranger, Esq., who died not long ago. He was obliged to work hard and to display a great energy to keep and satisfy, after the advancement of his brother to the Bench, a very large number of clients. He was considered one of the best lawyers of the Bar of Montreal. Since 1866 he was a member of the Council of the Bar, and was elected to represent the St. Louis Ward in 1861, and continued for some time to represent the Ward. He was President of the Committee of Arrangement of the great St. Jean Baptiste/i?/t' lield 24th June, 1874. He was elected to Parliament in 1873 for the county of Laval, and soon became one of the members of the Quebec Cabinet, and, after being one of the best Attorney-Generals ever in ofiice, was promoted as Judge of the Superior Court of Montreal, where he has been ever since. He is distinguished by a practical spirit, a sound judgment, an easy and agreeable speech, and an impressible but prudent disposition. HON. JOHN HAMILTON Was born in Quebec, 1827. Originally the family came from Wandale, Scotland He was the third son of Colonel George Hamilton of Hawkesbury, Canada, and educated in Montreal. He was a member of the extensive lumber firm of Hamilton Bros., and proprietor of the Hawkesbury Mills, Ontario. He was also a Director of the Bank of Montreal, and was for some time President of the Merchants Bank. In i860, he was elected to the Legislature of United Canada, for Inkerman, and retained his seat till Confederation. Then by Royal Proclamation he was called to the Senate, in which body he remained till he died in Montreal not long ago. His son who died in Colorado recently must be remembered in the history of Montreal — a fine young man who by his will left $100,000 to the funds of the General Hospital, besides other large benefactions to private individuals and other public institutions. MAJOR GODDU Was one of the exiles to Bermudas. After the battle of St. Charles he brought back his men to St. Cesaire, but very shortly after was arrested by one of his own friends, who was a Constitutionalist, and being conducted to Montreal, laden with chains, was thrown into the gaol, where he remained till the 2nd July, 1838, when he was sent to Bermudas. -^. >—-„-^ .^. - _ ^. RAVMUNl) I'RIU'ONTAINJ-;, M.l" GA/ETTKKR OK MONTRKAL. 24 1 RAYMOND rOURNIER PNEFONTAIXE, 15.C.L., M.P. " Was born al i-ongucuil, Province of (Quebec, on the i6lh of September, 1850. He is descended from one of the oldest and most honoral)le fainiHes in the I'rovince. His ancestors settled in what was then New l-'rance, in 1680. Receiving a sound edu- cation, partly l)y private luiliun anil partly at the Jesuits' College in Montreal, and gifted with strong niiural abilities. abrilliaiU future was predicted for him al an early period. He graduated from ^fcCiill University, at Mo'itreal. and in 1873 Was called to the l>ar, receiving the degree of H.C.L. the same year from Mcdill College. His success in the ])ractice of the law has been an unusually brilliant one, and he is now a partner in one of the leading Law firms of the Metropolis. .\t an early age, like most young lawyers, he went into politics, and ere long he was looked upon, not only as an exceedingly active worker, but as an effective orator of great jjower and a coming man. At the General l"'.lections of 1875 for the Quebec Legislative Assembly, he was nominated as Liberal candidate while only in his 25th year. He can led the county against overwhelming odds, it was then hoped that he had emered upon a career of great credit to himself and usefulness to the Province, when he was relegated to private life. The successful candidate, however, was unseated, and in 1879 Mr. I'refonlauie was re-elected. In 1881, at the time of the (ieneral Elections, when "the Conservative wave " swept over the I'rovince, Mr. Prefontainc found himself again defeated. While a member of the Legislature he was elected Mayor of Hochelaga, and secured a re-election in 1884. -^ year later Hochelaga was annexed to the city, and Mr. PreOjnlaine '.jccame an Alderman of MontreaL The eyes of the Dominion were turned on Mr. Prefontaine in 1886, when he ran as the Nationalist candidate in Chambly, the first constituency opened b_v the Dominion Government to test their strength after the execution of Louis Riel. The election was one of the most stubborn and fiercely fought contests in Canada, and it resulted in the return of .Mr. Prefontaine, to the great satisfaction of his friends and his party. The Dominion Elections of 1887 came on before Mr. Prefontainc could take his seat, and again he had to go through a great contest, but he did so successfully. With a similar result at the next General Elections Mr. Prefontaine may be considered as possessing the entire con- fidence of his electors, who look widi pride upon tlieir champion. Mr. Pre- fontaine ranks high among his colleagnes of the Commons, and is one of the most i)opular members of the House. He does not si)eak often, but when he does it is to the point, and his remarks are effective. He is possessed of a keen, discerning judgment, and his great business abilities stand him in good stead. He is a hard worker and full of energy. The laboring classes, among whom he is very popular, owe him much. He was the member who succeeded in having the first law adopted for relieving the workingmen from the persecution of insatiable creditors. Only one half of the wages of laborers can now be seized for debt. In Ottawa he has devoted much time and labor in securing a practicable charter for 16 242 GAZETTKKR OF MONTREAL, tlic ^^ontrcal IJiicUjc Company, an enterjirise which is destined to benefit very exten- sively Montreal and tiie south shore of the St. Lawrence by bringing them into closer relations by easy access from one side of the river to the other. Lately Mr. Trefon- taine has devoted much of his great energy and applied his talents as an Alderman and Chairman of the Road Committee to entirely lenovate the roadway of the streets of Montreal, and in this he has succeeded in a wonderful manner. During the four years that he has ])resided over this imjjortant body he has succeeded in carrying out a considerable part of a vast scheme of improvement, extending over the entire city, and which is intended to make of Montreal one of the cleanest and best paved cities on the Continent. Personally he is very popular, and although one of the busiest men among his ellow-citizcns, he is always ready and willing to help his friends and those who apply to him. He is especially poi)uiar, and leads among the younger generation wno have great faith in the future of Montreal, and wax enthu- siastic over its prosperity. In 1876, Mr. Prefontaine married Mile. Hermantine Rol- land. second daughter of the late Senator J. 15. Rolland, and lias three children." JOHN WANI.K.SS, M.D. *' This famed homoeopathic ])iiysician is a Scotchman by birt ., having been born at Perth road, Dundee, near St. Peter's parish church, where the celebrated Rev. R. M. McCheyne was pastor, on May 26th, 1813. He is the second son of the late James Wanless, a man who was in his day very much respected by his fellow townspeople, and who for many years carried on business as a manufacturer of green cloth in Dun- dee. His mother, .\gnes Sim, at the age of ninety-six years, was in full jjossession of her mental faculties, and could see to read without si)ectacles. Dr. Wanless much resembles this wond'^rful woman in many respects. Dr. Wanless's father intended that his two sons should succeed him in his own business, but after his death, which took place when the doctor was only ten years old, the executors of the estate, when he had reached his thirteenth year, apijrenliced him to Dr. James Johnston, one of themselves, a leading physician in Diuidec. This gentleman having died shortly afterwards, James Hay, merchant and ship-owner, another of the execu- tors, and one of the governors of the Dundee Royal Infirmary, discovering the boy's aptitude for medical study, was induced to secure for him the position of dresser and clinical clerk in the above hosjjital, which for three years he filled to the entire satisfaction of the governors and medical men of the institution. While he was here he was a great favorite with the celebrated lithotomist. Dr. John Creighton, of Dundee, and this gentleman often asked young Wanless to assist him in his private operations, as well as in the hospital, and on the eve of his leaving to prosecute his studies in Edinburgh, he bore high testimony to his ability and diligence as a student, and as to his practical knowledge of his profession. It may be as well to mention here that young Wanless, like all other boys on the Scotch seaboard, was very fond of paddling in the water, and on several occasions narrowly escaped drowning. GAZETTEER OF MONTREAI,. 843 When aljout ten years of age he and some other boys wore amusing tliemselves on some logs that had got adrift from the ship J/orton, of Dundee, jus' arrived from America, and Iiad floated up the river into a small bay, which at its mouth had a sort of i)ier with arches on it. While astride a piece of this timber it capsi/ed, and our young hero was soon at the bottom of the river. On coming to the surface, he found himself immediately below a raft, and considering that his time had 'lot yet come to be drowned, he struck out boldly from under, and gasping for breath, he was hauled on the rafl by his terrified comrades. On getting ashore he dried his clothes and niadt; for home; but his father nevertheless discovered that he had had a duck- ing, and gave him a sound thrashing and confined him indoors for some time for his boyish escapade. Tiie doctor now thinks tiiat if his father — who was a very loving man — had not been imbued with the idea that "he that spareth the rod Iiaietli the child," he would have done belter had he given him some dry clothes, or sent him for a time to a warm bed. In 1831, John "Vanless left J)undee and went to l^din- burgii, as a student in tiie Royal College of Surgeons, under the then celebrated Pro- fessors Mcintosh, Liston, Lizars, Ferguson, and others, Fellows of the College, all of whom are now gone to their final rest. During the College Session of 183 1, his friend, Mr. Hay, offered him the position of Surgeon on board the whaling ship Thomas, which office he cheerfully accepted, althougii he was then only seventeen years of age. This good ship sailed from Dundee in March, 1832, and returned with a full cargo in time to permit the young Surgeon to attend the opening of the College Session of 1832-3. Subsequently during college vacation he went three times to Davis Straits in the same ship, and thereby greatly Invigorated his previously rather slender physical frame. While on one of his whaling voyages he one day was out in a boat shooting loons, which are very numerous in Davis Straits, and a good many can be killed by one discharge from a gun. In the act of gathering the killed he espied a wounded bird at a short distance, and in his endeavor to reach it he leaned too fiir over the gunwale, lost his balance, and went head first into the Arctic Sea. His shipmates were alarmed, and waited in dread suspense for some time, but at length he came up, holding on to the loon by one of its legs. The mate afterwards remarked " that the doctor should always be taken with the shooting parties, for he could dive for the wounded fellows." It may be here mentioned that the doctor was a good swimmer, and as a youth practised swimming in the Tay of Dundee, and was in the habit, sometimes, of carrying younger boys on his back out into the stream, and then throwing them off; but before doing this, however, he always gave them instructions how to swim on their " own hook." He has been known to swim for three miles on a stretch, resting occasionally on his back. At Pond's Bay he one time fell out of a boat, while steering with a long oar, amongst a lot of whales. There were about fifty ships' boats and their crews in a crack in the land ice, which extended about twenty miles from the shore, and in some places the rent was about one hundred yards wide. In this opening the whales were so numerous that the har- pooners only selected the largest fish for capture. During the excitement, and when 244 flAZETTEKR 01' MONTREAL. passing anotlicr boat, llie liladc of one of their bide oars unshipped the doctor's steer- ing oar while lie was pushing it from him, and, h)sing his bahmce, he fell into the water, lie, however, did not feel the least alarmed, hut at oiice'struck out for the ice, and, drying his clothes as well as he could, walked to his ship, which was anchored about two miles away, in the field ice, and soon found himself on deck, not much the worse for his ducking. In the spring of 1H35, having passed his examination before the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of CUasgow, he returned to Dundee and married Margaret McDonald, the only daughter of Duncan McDonald, a well-known manufacturer of that town, and Margaret Rose, his wife. To Miss McDonald he had been betrothed for several years. Me then became House Surgeon in the Dundee Royal Infirmary, and having filled this position for about two years, gave il up, and ciUered into private practice, his office bemg in the same house in which he was born and married. In 1843, Dr. Wanless, accompanied by his wife, mother, brother, and sisters, with their husbands, emigrated to Canada, and uliimalely settled in London, Ontario. While in this city the doctor built uj) a good practice, and as Coroner for the City of London and County of Middlesex he was highly spoken of by the jjress for the luminous and logical way in which he presented evidence to his jurors. In 1S49, he received his license from the Ct)llege of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada. One day, in 1859, as he was walking along a street in London to visit a patient, he observed Dr. l!ull, a honueopalhisl, give some pellets to a man who had fallen out of a two-storey window. Having a prejudice against hoinoeopalh}', he accosted Dr. IjuII in these words, " Don't you think shame of yourself in giving that useless trash to a man in that condition ?" Dr. Bull rose up, in a defensive attitude, and said, " 1 have always taken you for a sensible man, and instead of acting as you have done in your persecutions of us, why don't you try to test our remedies accord- ing to the law of cure ? 1 will give you some (jf our books to read, and also some of our medicines for thai jjurpose." Dr. Wanless accepted the offer, and took the books and medicines, thinking that he would be able to expose what he then thought was a humbug. After studying the princii)le of honneopalhy for some time he gave the medicines to some of his patients, strictly according to the ])rincipks of homteopathy, beginning with some cases which had resisted the alloijathic treatment under his own care, and that of some of die ablest men in the country, keeping a strict account of the symptoms and disease, and the symptoms and pathogeny of what the medicine would produce on the healthy body, and after carefully testing this method of prac- tice for nearly two years, he found that, instead of persecuting the liomceopathisis, he would have to become a homoeopalhist himself. After thorough conviction of its benefits to his patients, like Paul with the Christians, and in order to carry out the practice of homteopathy with more efficiency, he ceased from practice in London, and devoted himself to renewed study at the age of fifty years, and obtained the degree of Bachelor of Medicine from the L^niversity of Toronto in 1861, and the degree- of T)octor in Medicine from the same University in the following year, 1862. II ihen, in order to have a wider field to labor in, went to Montreal (but before leaving .laving C.AZF.TTKI-.k C MDNTUKAL. 245 been complimented by the press of liOn.lon upon his previous professional attain- m.^nts), where hi no v re-iidcs. enjoyiit,' a g ) xl practice. In politics. as in medicine, Dr. Wanlcss has soui,'ht to conserve the good, and set aside the effete and worthless. Both in London and Montreal, by his s|)iriled antl able contributions to the press, he has done much to popularize honneopalhy, and establish its ])rlnie tenets. He was instrumental in procuring an Act of the Provincial Parliament of (Quebec, in favor of HonKcopathic lulucation, and with |)ower to grant licenses to those who had studied according to the curriculum specified by the Act. and who had passed a satisfictory examination before the appointed IJoard of l"".xaminers, as he always 'jpheld that homceopaths, as well as allopaths, should be able to show that they possessed a thorough medical education and training. Dr. Wanless is nominal Dean of the Faculty of the College of Homceopathic Pliysicinns and Surgeons of Montreal, and Professor of the Practice of Physic and one of the Examiners of the College. He attained the license of the ]'"aculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Cdasgow in 1835 ; College of J^hysicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada in 1S49; NLP) of the I'niver- sily of Toronto, 1861 ; ^L1). of the University of Toronto in 1S6:!, and is a member of the Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario and (Quebec. He has a son, Dr. John R. Wanless, who now practices in Dunedin, New Zealand. This gentleman is a graduate M.D.,C.M. of McGill University, Montreal, and, like his father, has adopted the homieopathic princii)le from conviction. In religion, as in i)oliiics and medicine, the doctor is thoroughly Liberal, and belongs to ihe Congregational body of worshippers. He is broad in his views, giving liberty of opinion lo all, and exhibits no desire to scold and burn those who differ from him. except to show lliem their error by fair reasoning." DUNCAN McNAB McEACIIRAX, F.K.C.V.S., " Princii'.vl of Montreal Veterinary College, Chief Lispector of Stock, etc., was born at Campbeltown, .\rgyleshire, Scotland, on the 27th October, 1841. He is the olde t son of the late l^avid McEachran, who for many years was a member of the Town Council, and for five years j^receding his death was senior liailie of Campbeltown, The fiimily is one of the oldest in Kintyre, descended from McEachran of Killellan and Penygowan. The Ionic cross of Campbeltown, one of the oldest in Scotland, bears the names of Edward and Malcolm McEachran, and the family tombstones which are found within the ruins c>f the old church of St. Kiarian, date back as far as the fourteenth century, David McEachran is also buried here. Duncan received his earlier education in the schools of his native place, and at the age of sevc ntcen entered on his professional studies at Edinburgh, under the late Professor Dick. In the autumn of 1862, he came to Canada, and took up his abode in Woodstock, Onta-io, where he practised his profession for neatly three years with marked success, at the same time being engaged during part of the winter in giving lectures at Toronto, and by this means rendered valuable service in the establishment of the Veterinary 246 GAZETTEER OV MONTREAL. College in that city. During his residence in Woodstock, he contributed in various ways to the advancement of his jDrofession, by lectures at farmers' meetings, by con- tributions to tlie agricultural press, and by the publication of a manual of veterinary science. The work on the "Canadian Horse and his ])isea^ies," under the joint editorship of himself and his friend, Professor Andrew Smith, of the Toronto Veter- inary College, soon ran through two editions, and although a third edition is now called for, Professor McEachran will not consent to its issue, as he fondly hopes to find time in the near future to publish a larger work on the same subject. In 1S66, he left Ontario and settled in Montreal, but before he left for that city, the IJoard of Agriculture for Upper Canada passed a very complimentary resolution, expressing regret at his departure, and he was entertained by a large number of his friends at a public dinner at Woodstock. On his arrival in Montreal, thanks to his good rejjuta- tion which had preceded him, and the induence of his numerous friends, his success was speedily assured. Through the intluence of the late Major Campbell, President of the Board of Agriculture, aided by Principal (now .Sir) J. W. Dawson, and the laie G. W. Campbell, Dean of the Medical Faculty ofMcGill University, an arrangement was made for Professor McEachran to deliver a course of lectures on Veterinary Science, in connection with the Medical School, which was the commencement of the now widely known Montreal Veterinary College. In 1875, the present commodious College buildings were erected on Union Avenue, at tiie expense of the founder and Principal, the Government guaranteeing $1,800 per annum toward its expenses for ten years, with the privilege of sending to it thirteen French and seven English students annually free. This College is now considered tiie first of its kind in America, and justly ranks high, even when compared with many of tlie schools in Europe, owing to the appreciation of its head for thorough education. While the Veterinary .Schools at Toronto and New York admitted students without matriculation, and graduated them in two sessions, here a matriculation is required, and the course extends over three sessions of six months each. This i)lan was adopted by the Montreal College before the English schools ; even the Royal Veterinary College of England was led by the Montreal school in this very important matter. Professor McEachran has associated with him in teaching tlie learned Principal and Professors of McGill University, whose classes his students attend for collateral studies. Year by year since the establishment of tiiis college, its progress has been most marked in the number and educational standing of the pupils, and students have been attracted to it from all parts of the United States and Canada. A Veterinary Medical Association has been established in connection with the College, for the reading (,f ])apers and the discussion of professional and kindred subjects, and a well-fin'nished library, C(mi- taining most of the old works, and all the new ones, embraced in veterinary litera- ture, has been added to the College, mainly through the efforts of its energetic Princii)al. Professor McEachran, during the past few years, has contributed man\ valuable articles to professional journals and the agricultural press, as well as 1)\ public lectures, on his favorite theme. In 1875, he earnestly pressed upon ihe GAZETTEER OF MO.VTREAL. 247 attention of the Dominion Government, the necessity for theestahlishment of a quar- antine system, to prevent the importation of certain cattle diseases from Europe, where they were then prevaiHng to a deplorable extent. Acting on his advice the Govern- ment created, in April, 1876, a quarantine station at Point Levis, Quebec, and made the Professor Chief Inspector for the Dominion, and this position he still continues to occupy. In January, 1879, he was sent l)y the Dominion Government to the United States, to investigate the lung-plague — jjleuro-pneumonia — and visited New York, Long Island, New Jersey, rennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia ; and on his return he reported the prevalence of this serious disease in all the States he had visited. The result was that shorly afterwards an embargo was placed on the importation of all cattle from the United Suites to Canada and Great Britain, requiring that they should be slaughtered at the port of debarkation, within fourteen days after landing, 'i'his action of the IJritish Government entailed a heavy loss on cattle exported from the United Stales, but Canada, owing to her freedom from the disease, and the perfect condition of her quarantine system, be- came a gainer in proportion to a large amount. Professor McKachran's name will ever be associated with the early history of the export cattle trade of Canada, as one who, at the proper moment, gave sound advice to the Government, which, being promptly acted upon, helped in these early days to assist a trade that has since grown to vast proportions. The efficiency of the quarantine for cattle under his management has been thoroughly tested on two occasions, viz., 1885, when the contagious disease, "foot and mouth," or vesicular epizootic, was twice brought into the quarantine from Cxreat Britain, so thorougli was the quarantine that not only did it not extend beyond but it did not even affect puy other cattle, of which there were several hundred within the enclosure. The prompt and effective manner in which pleuro-piieumonia was dealt with in 1886, when that fell destroyer was im- ported in a herd of Galloways, proved beyond doubt the efficiency of the quarantine, and the ability of the inspectors to deal with contagious diseases. If Canada to day is free from contagious disease, it is due in a great measure to his energy and know- ledge of disease. In acknowledgment of his professional attainments he was elected one of the original Fellows of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, on that body being raised to the rank of a University in 1875, being the only one in Canada on whom that honor was conferred. He has been intimately connected with the cattle ranching business in the District of Alberta, Senator Cochrane and he being the pioneers in that business on a large scale in Canada. Together they visited Alberta in 1881, going via the Missouri River to Fort Benton, thence driving across the plains to where Calgary is now built. On his return he published a series of inter- esting letters, being a narrative of his trip, and description of the country. He was Vice-President of the Ct)chrane Ranche Co., till 18S3, when he became General Manager of the VValrond Cattle Ranche Co., of which Sir John Walrond, Bart., is President, and which is now the largest and one of the most successful ranches in Canada. Professor McEachran was married on the 9th of June, 1S68, to Esther, 248 GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. youngest daughlcrof the late Timothy Plaskctt, Esq.. St. Cioix, West India Islands, to whom two children were born, viz., Evelyn \'ictona, born May 24th, 1869, who died May, 1874, and Jeanie lilackney, b(;rn 19th September, 1871. In politics, Pro- fessor McEachran is a Conservative, but in consecjuence of his devotion to profes- sional work he has never taken a very active part in ijolilics. He served in the militia force for ten years as \'eterinary Suryeon to the Montreal Field IJattery of Artillery, lie became a Justice of thePeace in 1866, with jiirisdiciion over the entire Province of Quebec." HORACE NELSON, M.D. Eldest son of the late Dr. Wolfred Nelson. A graduate of the University of New York and McCHll College. He was about to jjroceed to Europe, in 1837, to com- plete his medical studies, when the Rebellion of that jteriod prevented his doing so, when he went to New York and became an oftice student of the late celebrated Dr. Valentine Mott. He was admitted to ])ractice in 1843, '-^^^^ resided in Plattsburg, New \'ork, for a number of years, returning to Montreal in May. 1858, where he practiced with his father and brother. He died in December, 1863. At various times he held the following appointments : Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine and Pathology, in the Medical Department of the University of Vermont; Fellow of the Pathological Society. Lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology in the School of Medicine and Surgery and in Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy, in the St. Lawrence .School of Medicine, Montreal, and was Editor o{ Nt;Ison''s American Lancet, an ably conducted journal on Medical science. Surgery was a branch of his profession to which he was devotedly attached, and in which he had great success. ALFRED NELSON, M.D., Was a licentiate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, and was admitted to practice in 1849. He was the second son of the late Dr. Wolfred Nelson, and was for many years Staff Surgeon of Volunteers. He succeeded his father and brother in their practice, and died on the 6th of February, 1872. WOLFRED NELSON, M.D. Eldest son of the late Dr. Horace Nelson. A graduate of the Medical Faculties of Bishop's College, Montreal, and of McGill. Was admitted to practice and licensed by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada in May, 187?. After a visit to the London Hospital, he returned to Montreal, where he practised very successfully, and is a young surgeon of much promise. On the Staff of the Medical Faculty of Bishop's College, he held the appoint- ment of .Vssistant Demonstrator of .\natomy, and Curator of the Museum. He is now, after some years being Physician on the Panama Canal, located in Brooklyn, and has published a most interesting volume of his appointment at Panama, and what he heard and saw. iiii: IK ixokAiu.i; ARiink rfkiorn;. \Miik\|..s (.I'.M.KAi, Ml ||||.. M;n\ IM |.. i i| i.iC i:iilM 1888-89. GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 249 HON. HK\ilY KKNK ARTHUR TURCOTTK. Q.C. Sox of the late Hon. J. E. Turcotte, in his lifetime .Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Canada, born igtii January, 1845. Married 16th January, 1873, Marie Eleanor Isabella, only daughter of Angus Macdonald, Escj, of Becancour. He was educated at the Jesuits' College, Montreal, and at Stonyhurst College, Lancashire, England. He was called to the Bar, Province of (Quebec, June, 1867, and appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1S79. Is an Honorary Director of the British Empire Mutual Life Assurance Company. He has been Councillor, Alderman and Mayor of Three Rivers. Was Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, Province of Quebec, from 4th June, 1S78, until the dissolution of the House, December, 1881. Eirst returned to Legislative Assembly, i8th March, 1876, and re-elected by acclamation at the General Elections, 1878. Was an unsuccessful candidate at General Ejections, 1881, but the sitting member, Mr. Dumoulin, being unseated, he was elected 27th March, 18S4. Re-elected at last General Elections. Appointed member of the Executive Council 29th of January. 1887, -^^ Attorney (Jeneral of the Province. Introduced and carried tb.e Act exempting from seizure under execution one-half of a laborer's wages, and has carried through several measures amending the Civil Code and simplifying Legal procedure. He is an independent Conservative in politics. He acted as Premier during Ho 1. H. Mercier's first trip to Europe, and also Commissioner of Crown Lands during Hon. Mr. Ciarneau's absence at the same time. He was defeated at General Elections, June, 1890, and appointed Prothonotary of the Superior Court of Montreal, 19th August, same year, which office he now worthily fills. 25° GAZETTEER OV MONTREAL. ROHERT NELSON, M.I)., AVas horn January, 1794, and at an early age was apprenticed to tlie late celebrated Doctor Arnoldi, of .\[ontreal. While yet in his youth he was appointed surgeon to a regiment called the '' Indian Warriors," and sei ved during the War of 1S12. He was one of the most distinguished and celebrated doctors of the day. It is told that on one occasion an influential patient of hi:; who had a ball lodged in his thigh for a considerable time, and which I)r, Nelson was unable to extract, went to England to consult some of the medical celebrities there. These, on ascertaining who had attended him in Canada, said, " if Dr. Nelson is unable to do anything for you, we are |)erfectly sure we can do nothing." The gentleman returned and died without the bail having been extracted. Having been prominently mixed up with the politics of the day, after a warm contest, the Doctor was elected in iiS^y, conjointly with M. Papineau, to represent the City of Montreal in Parliament. He soon, however, with- drew from that position to devote his time solely to his profession, which he loved beyond all other things. He did not take an active part in 1837 ; but he was arrested and cast into prison. After a time he was admitted to bail. In 1838, the most eventful period of his career, he played a conspicuous part in the affairs of the country. Being induced by a number of dissatisfied persons of Canada, as well as some " sympathizers " from the States, to take up arms against his country, he entered madly as chief into the chimerical scheme of invading Canada, which })roved abortive to those engaged in it. His property was sold at a great sacrifice. He himself, a fugitive from justice, went to California, were he amassed a considerable fortune. He died at his country seat on Staten Island, N.V., in March, 1873, aged eighty-four, leaving a large fortune to his son and suc- cessor, Dr. iLiigene Nelson, of New York. HON. PETER MITCHELL. His parents came from Scotland to Xew Brunswick, and settled on the Miramichi, in that Province, 18 18. Born in Newcastle, Miramichi^ 1824. Educated at the (Irammar School there. Married, 1853, Mrs. Gough, of St. John. Called to the Bar Xew Brunswick, 1848. Has been an extensive shipbuilder. Author of ^i AVzvWc of President Grant's Reeent Messat^e to the United States Congress Relative to the Canadian Fisheries and the JVa7'ii;ation 0/ the St. J.awrence River (Ottawa, 1870). Sworn of the Privy Council, July, 1867, and was Minister of Marine and Fisheries from that dale until 5th November, 1874, when he retired from office with his Chief, Sir John A. Macdonald. Was a member of the Executive Council, New Brunswick, from 1858 to March, 1865, when liis party was defeated on an appeal to the people on the scheme for the Confederation of British North America. In April, 1866, after the resignation of the Smith Cabinet, was called upon to form a Government, in connection with the Hon. R. D. Wilmot, which he did, holding the oflice of President of Executive Council from th.at date until the Union. Was a delegate to Quebec in GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 351 186 1, and again in 1S62, on tlic subjecc of the Intercolonial Railway ; to the I'nion Conference, in same city, 1864; and to the London Colonial Conference to complete terms of Union of British North America Provinces, 1866. Sat for Northumberland in New Brunswick Assembly from 1856 to i860, when appointed to the Legislative Council, same Province, where he remained until the Union. Called to the Senate by Royal Proclamation, May, 1867 ; continued to sit in that house until the General Elections, 1872, when he resigned, and was returned for Northumberland in the House of Commons by acclamation. Re-elected at (leneral Elections, 1874; defeated 1878 ; re-elecled by acclamation in 1882, and re-elected at last General Elections, when after a short incumbency lie was defeated and retired for the time being from Politics. HENRY LYISLVN. 'SIr. Hkxrv Lyaian, of ]\[cTavish street, is now in his seventy-ninth year, nearly the whole of which has been i)assed in this city. Mr. Lyman entered upon his business career in 1829, in his sixteenth year, in connection with the firm of Hedge iv: Lyman, druggists, St. Paul street. With the view to public usefulness he early joined John Luckiiis' fire company, called the " Property Protecting Eire Company,'' to protect portable property, and prevent pilfering at fires. He about the same time joined the " Philomathic Society,'' a small club, formed for literary discussions, of which he is now probably the sole representative. In 1837, Mr. Lyman joined the ranks of the " .Montreal Rilles," under the command of Jjieutenant-Colonel, the late Henry Griffin, Notary Public, and both as private and commissioned officer, saw active service during the Rebellion. Subsequently he assisted his brother and partner, the late Benjamin Lyman, in the formation of a volunteer fire engine company, the " Union," which proved a model company, and its improved engine, the first of its kind, by emulation led to substantial improvement in the then existing civic fire department. Mr. Lyman took an active part in the establishment of the " American Eree School," the late Rev. G. W. Perkins, of the American Presbyterian Church, taking the initiative in the movement. A governmt;nt grant in aid was obtained from the Government of Lord Sydenham, and voluntary subscriptions provided the balance of funds necessary. The school su[)plied a crying want, was a success from the beginning, and continued its operations for many years, very quietly and without ostentation, Init with increas- ing usefulness. Li 1845, '^f'- Lyman assisted in the direction of the •' Montreal Building Society," which was the first institution of the sort in the city, and so far as is known only one other member of the board survives at this date. The society was woinid up under Mr. Lyman's presidency in 1856. In 1851, Mr. Lyman was a meml)er of the local commission for the great London Exhibition under the pre- side y of the late Prince Consort, and received a diploma and medal " for services." About this period, associated with others, all of whom have passed away, Mr. Lyman 252 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. assisted in the formrtion of the "Canada Sunday Scliool Union," an organization for the promotion of mission schools in Upi)cr and Lower Canada, In 1S53, Mr. Lyman was elected a member of the City Council from the West Ward, where he rendered yeom.in service, more especially in th*. establishment of the then new water works, tne introduction of the fire alarm telegrajjh, which added to the value of all insur- able property for all lime to coniL^and also in the establishment of the Mount Royal Park, a boon of inestima!)le value to the citizens. Mr. Lyman represented the Centre Ward in 1X67, and retired in 1870 with a vote of thanks from the Fire Committee and Council. In 1.S56, Mr. Lyman assisted as honorary treasurer for the celebration of tiic opening of the Grand Trunk Railway, a very noticeable event, and numerously attended by prominent persons from Ontario and the neighboring United Stales. Li 1863, >L-. Lyman was Vice-President of the Board of Trade, and represented it on the Harbor Commission. The other members were the Hon. John Young, the Hon. Jean I,. Beaudry, Thomas Cramp and Alex. M. Delisle, all of whom are dead. He filled the ofiicc of President of the Board of Trade in 1S81-1882. P>t'lieving that the Lisolvent or Bankrupt Law was injurious to the commercial interests of the country, he took an active and successful part in effecting its repeal. Mr. Lyman is a Life Governor of the House of Liduslry and Refuge, and a life member of the Mechanics' Listitute and of the Natural History Society. In 1867, he was elected a member of the board of the Citizens' Insurance Com- pany, and succeeded the late Sir Hugh Allan in tiie presidency at his decea>^e in 1881. In 1876, Mr. Lyman took an active jiart as chairman of the building committee of Emmanuel Congregational Church. Mr. Lyman has now retired from many of the active labors which occupied his time and energies in former days, but he is still anytliing but an idle man, attending regularly to business and other pursuits, being the senior partner of the firm of Lyman Sons & Co., Montreal, and Lyman Bros. & Co., Toronto. HON. HORACE ARCHAMHAULT Was born at L'Assomption on the 6th March, 1857. His father was the well- known Hon. Louis Archambault. He was formerly a Legislative Councillor for Quebec and a member of the House of Commons of Canada. He is best known as a member of the Administration and Executive Council of Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau as Premier, and afterwards of the Hon. G. Ouimet as Premier. The subject of our sketch was educated at L'Assomption College, and after- wards at Laval University. He chose the legal profession, and after studying Law success^'ully, he was admitted to the Bar of Quebec in October, 1878. He has been Professor of Commercial and Maritime Law at Laval University since 1880. He was appointed to the Legislative Council, 5th June, 1888. He married 22nd September, IS82, at Quebec, Delle Lizzie Leheime. He is one of the most promising lawyers and rising politicians, and will make his way in the Province of Quebec during the early part of the 20th century. GAZKTTIER OK MONTKlvAr,. 253 VVM. EVAN'S. Tiiii subject of our sketcli was one of the most well-known agriculturists of J.owcr Canada. Nearly thirty-five years ago the old gentleman, full of honors and patriotism, passed away fiom this busy scene, but his endeavors to elevate the standard of agri- culture in this Province and to raise the position of a farmer (the real bone and muscle of any country, except a purely manufacturing one) still live and are observ- able, as annually, the various country and other e.xiiibitiuns and cattle shows come round. Improved breeds of animals, and latest styles of agricultural implements, better barns and stables, a much improved system of planting and reaping, and many other things have all been the offspring of Mr. Evans' endeavors to promote the agricultural interests of this Province. He was for many years the Secretary of the Agricultural Society of Lower Canada. A contemporary writing of him at the lime of his death, 1857, says: ' ^^ '^^''^ i^een our fortune to meet few worthier or more patriotic men than he, few more diligent in the ijromotion to the uttermost of his pbility of the prosperity of this his adopted country." I'jithusiastically devoted to agricultural pursuits, he spent over forty years as an agriculturist in Canada. He was also editor of the Agricultural Journal ^ published under the auspices of the Society of which he was Secretary. During his latter years, after retiring from the Secretaryship, he was a frequent contributor to the columns of \.\\n merchant, under the name of Dinning & Senior, and an extensive and lucrative trade was built up between Montreal and Liverpool, Glasgow, Hamburg and Dundee. Then came the Rebellion, and exchange on London reached thirly-eight per cent premium. Several heavy losses resulted in a closing up of the partnership. Mr. Dinning served in the Royal Montreal Cavahy, under Captain Sweeney, and was mentioned iionorably for his services. Mr. Dinning's next venture was the purchase of the Courier about 1856. With Mr. Turner as editor, he pub- lished the journal until 1862, when he sold it to the late Edmund H. Parsons, who changed the name of the paper to the Evening Tcleg^raph., and made it a two-cent daily, which continued to be in Montreal the rampant organ of the Southern States, then fighting for states' rights. The Witness inaugura.ed the one-cent newspaper system, and the Telegraph died a natural death. Mr. Dinning, in 1851, was appointed Secretary of the Board of 'i'rade, and filled the duties of Secretary of the Corn Exchange and of Secretary of the Merchants' P^xchange. He resigned the position after nine years of service. Mr. Dinning held the position of Secretary of the Mer- chants' Exchange Reading Room for twenty-eight years. He was constantly at his post until stricken down with palsy. In 1882, Mr. Dinning removed to Lachine, where he resides with his family of two daughters and one son. In 1842, Mr. Dinning himself paid for the first water cart on St. Antoine street, and paid for the first posts and chains on Victoria Square in order to protect the public from accidents. Mr. Dinning's public spirit is recorded in the improvements now seen and so often advocated by him. 262 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. DAVID ROSS AND DR. GEORGE ROSS. The grandfather, David Ross, was a Banker of Tain, Scotland. The father, John Ross, was in the 78th Fraser Higlilanders under Wolfe at the taking of Quebec, 1759. His brother John was Frothonotary for years of the District of Quebec, and his son, the Hon. David A. Ross, has long been connected in the Government of the Province and Quebec Institutions. One of the very few representatives now in Montreal of this family is the well-known Physician and Professor, Dr. George Ross of McGill University. He was the son of David Ross' eldest son, Arthur. Mr. D. Ross was a prominent member of the Montreal Bar, and Attorney-General in 1820. The writer many years ago had the aid and Christian help of Mr. Arthur Ross, in visiting and helping him in his ministrations and work as Chaplain to the Gaols, and he looks back with pleasure to the days when Dr. Ross and many others of his present contemporaries were pupils under his tuition in the High School of McGill College, and remembers the pleasure experienced when Dr. Ross as a student became the Gold Medallist of the University of McGill. His career as a medical man is well known in Montreal, He has been connected with his Alma Mater for years as one of her Professors of Medicine, and he is Vice-Dean of the Faculty of that Department. HON. JUSTICE SMITH. James S^^ITH was a Canadian by birth, though a Scotchman by origin. He was born in tiie City of Montreal, and received his education in Scotland ; although previously he had been placed with a gentleman (Rev. Mr. Doty) at Three Rivers. He re- mained in Scotland for seven years, and returned to Montreal in 1823 ; and was immediately articled as a law student, first with Mr. B. Beaubien, with whom he remained four years ; and secondly, with Mr. (afterwards the Honorable Justice) Gale, with whom he completed his lime. Mr. Smith was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in 1830. He at once entered into partnership with an old and experienced practitioner and a King's Counsel, the late D. Fisher, Esq. In November, 1844, he was elected for the County of Missisquoi, in the Eastern Townships, after having on the ist September previously gone into office in the Viger-Draper Administration, as Attorney General, East. Party feeling ran exceedingly high, and many offices in the Administration were unfilled, consequently the others were the more arduous and onerous to hold, especially when the Ministry had only a very small majority (about five or six) in the House. Nevertheless they held together; and Mr. Smith continued to hold office until the 22nd April, 1847, when he resigned, and was appointed a Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench of Lower Canada. Judge Smith will be best remembered in connection with the St* Albans Raiders. He died some years ago. •GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 2&$ JOHN SLEEP HONEY. He was born in Callington (Borough), County of Cornwtall. His father was a master-builder. At the age of thirteen John S. Honey entered the office of a dis- tinguished lawyer, in his native Borough, as clerk, and continued in this employ- ment for four years. In the month of July, 1832, the family emigrated to Canada. Mr. John S. Honey was favored witii a kind letter of introduction from Sir William Pratts Call, Baronet, to Lord Aylmer, then Governor of Lower Canada. The ftimily were promptly conveyed from Quebec to Montreal by the Steamer '' John Bull." In December following his arrival Mr. Honey had the good fortune to be engaged by the Joint Prothonotarics of the then Court of King's Bench, Messrs. Monk & Morrogh. He was drst employed as Enquete Clerk, and at the end of the engage- ment, which lasted about a week, he became Clerk in the Inferior term of tlie Court of King's Bench, whence, after some two weeks' service, \\^ v.'as promoted to the permanent staff of the Court of King's Bench. In six months after his promotion he was articled for five years as a law student in the office of the Prothonotarics, who were both lawyers, and at the end of this term was duly admitted to the Bar, but as his services in the Department were considered valuable by the Prothonotarics, and his salary having been handsomely augmented, he declined to enter upon the practice of the profession. In the course of four years Mr. Honey's administrative capacity effected many important changes in the office, which continue in operation to the present period. In 1850, the fees of the Court in Lower Canada were ordered by law to be funded. About the same period took place, under another enactment, further decen- tralization of the administration of justice, which, by establishing several Courts in new localities, so reduced the fees in all the old Districts that the Government was obliged to pay from the general revenue a large amount annually to meet deficien- cies. In order to remedy this defect in the working of these several Courts, Mr. Honey submitted to the Government, in the year i860, a readjustment of the Montreal Tariff of Fees of tlie Superior Court, which was adopted in March, 1861, and extended uniformly to all the Districts. As a result of this change, instead of a deficiency there has been always an annual surplus. In the year 1862, Mr. Honey rendered important services to the legal profession by the publication of a Table of Fees and Disbursements payable to .Attorneys and Officers of the Courts in suits at law ; also. Rules of Practice of the Court of Queen's Bench ; and Tariffs of Fees for Registrars, Advocates and Officers of the Courts, including schedules of taxes upon Proceedings in Courts of Civil and Criminal Jurisdiction in Lower Canada. In the year 1844, upon the death of Mr. Morrogh, Mr. Honey was appointed Deputy Prothonotary of the Superior and Circuit Courts, and so continued till the year 1865, when upon the demise of Mr. Monk he received the appointment of Joint a64 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL, Protlionotary with Messrs. Coffin & Papineau. In the following year Mr. Coffin died, and was succeeded by Mr, Hubert, the firm then becoming Hubert, Papineau & Honey. Mr. Papineau retired, Mr. Hubert died, and Mr. Honey continued sole Prothonotary to his death. SIR JOHN COPE SHERBROOKE, G.C.B. " General Sherbrooke, who succeeded General Sir Gordon Drummond in the govsrnment of Canada, in 1816, was a military commander of some repute, and had seen some service. He was the youngest broliier of VV. Sherbrooke, Esq., of Oxton, and of Colonel Cope, of Sherwood Lodge, Notts. He distinguished himself in the taking of Seringapatam, in the East Indies, in 1797. He afterwards served on the Peninsula in the early campaign of the Duke of Wellington. Previously to his con- nection with Canada he administered the Government of Nova Scotia, as history tells us, " with much tact and dexterity." He assumed the reins of government at a most critical period of the country, — namely, that in which the farmers of Lower Canada suffered the total loss of their wheat crop. The wise and prudent course adopted by Sir John in this instance secured for him the love and esteem of all. He look the responsibility of advancing to the relief of the farmers the sum of _;^i4,2i6 to secure them from destitution, and to assist them in laying down another crop. On the meeting of Parliament, it not only released him from the responsibility which he had taken on himself, but voted an additional sum of ;^35,Soo for the same purpose, and to loan to industrious and deserving farmers. He took a bold and determined stand in the matter of Judges Sewell and Monk ; and, when advised by the Home Government to support those gentlemen, plainly advised that it would be hopeless, and strongly advised the impeachment to be tried before the Privy Council. To his resolute, manly and open conduct in this instance must be ascribed the result. During his administration, he also effected the entrance of the Si)eaker of the Assembly ex-officio to a seat in the Executive Council ; and the concurrence of the Imperial Government was announced, that it accepted the Canadian Government's offer to defray the expenses of the Civil List. Sir John governed the Province from 1816 to 1818; and on account of ill-health> but principally from dislike of the station, he requested his recall. Accordingly he left the country on the 12th of August, carrying with him the best wishes and regards of the majority of the people of Lower Canada. Prior to his departure numerous addresses were presented to him from different sections of the country, all breathing alike the warmest sentiments of goodwill and prayers for his future welfare. He returned home, but did not leave the military service, as, in May, 1825, he was raised to the high rank of General. His death occurred on the 14th February, 1830, at Claverton, Nottinghamshire." .^-a^jjIh^^^ H ^H 1 1 1^ COI,. C. HARWOOI). GAZKTTKKR OF MONTREAL, 865 ROBERT UNVVIN HARWOOD " EusTACHK G. M. DE LoTBiNiERE was the last male representative of the ancient house of Lotbini6re, having inherited fro.n his father the Seigniories of Vautlreiiil, Rigaud and Lotbini^re, with the title of Marquis. In 1793, he was made Speaker of the House of Assembly, succeeding Mr. Panet. To him is justly due that all political, civil, military or criminal affiiirs arc transacted in either or both the English and French languages. At the close of his great speech on this question, he thus said : *' Nous deniandons que I'une et I'autre soient permises ; que nos proc^s-verbaux soient ecriis dans les deux langues." He died in 1821 at Vaudreuil, and was buried in the Parish Church there. He had been twice married — first to Mile, de Tonnancour, who died leaving no children. Afterwards he married Mile. Munro, who bore him three daughters. The Marchioness died in 1834, and was buried beside her husband. The Lotbini^re family is now repre- sented alone by his three daughters. Marie L. J. de Lotbiniere married, in 1823, Robert Unwin Harwood, an English merchant and a member of the Legislative Council. The Harwood family was one of the first families in Sheflield, England. In 1822, he came to Canada to found a branch of the Sheffield business, and fixed on Montreal as the locality. After his marriage, having plenty of money and the beautiful Seigniory of Vaudreuil, which his wife had brought him as her dowry, he retired from business and resided at the Manor House of Vaudreuil, giving up all his spare time to agri- culture. He was named Legislative Councillor in 1832, and in 1838 a member of the Special Council. After having represented the County of Vaudreuil and Clark from 1858 to i860, he was elected to represent the Division of Rigaud, which he held to his death in 1863. He had ten children. Antoine C. de L. Harwood, the eldest, was born in Montreal, 23rd April, 1825. After finishing his studies in the College of Montreal, and being called to the Bar in 1848, he became Member of the Provincial Parliament for the County of Vaudreuil for seven years, from 1863 to 1870. He married on February 4th, 1851, Mile. Margaret Angelique Lefebvre de Bellefeuille, the daui^htcr of the Colonel of that name. His military career dates from January, 1869. Since then he was one of the most esteemed officers of the Militia, and an ornament and example to the service. The most notable speech whicii the gallant Colonel ever made was at the dedication and unveiling of the monument to DeSala- berry, at Chambly. All were charmed by the dignity, brilliancy and fluency which he then displayed. He had a magnificent voice, and thus often delighted those who had the pleasure of meeting him in social circles. He died in Montreal 6th August, 1891. The other sons are Robert Unwin Harwood, second son, who was Prefet du Comte de Vaudreuil and highly esteemed. He was born in Montreal, 27ih October, 1826, and educated at St. Sulpice College ; has been a Member of Parliament. Wm. Bingham Harwood, merchant, of Montreal. Alain C. Harwood, who resides at Vaudreuil. Henri Stans. Harwood, Civil Engineer and Provincial Surveyor, who resides also at Vaudreuil, and Chas. L. Harwood. 266 GAZKTTF.ER OF MONTREAL. Of the four daughters, three were married, The first, Marie Louise, married de Uellefeuille McDonald, of Montreal. Marie Antoinette married Mr. 'I'ascliercau, Advocate, of (Quebec, and who is now Judge of tiie Superior ("ourt. Mane I lenriette married Lieutenant-Colonel I'anet, Advocate. Another daughter, the second of tlie House of Lotbini^re, married in iSji, as Seignioress of Rigaud, Mr. VVui. JSingham, a millionaire of Pliiladelphia, U.S.A. He was the son of an American Senator. His daughter was married to the celebrated Lord Aslibuilon, whom we Clanadians have to thank that we were deprived of the territory of the St.ile of Maine in the Ashburlon Treaty between Canada and the United Slates in settling the JJoundary Line, when he foolislily gave over that large tract of pinewood territory to the United States, and thus enabled them, as they do, to run within a few miles of Quebec. IJy the marriage of this second daughter to Wm. Bingham's son there were born five children, two sons and ihree daughters. One of the daughters marrieil Coiuu Olivier r>rian de Bois-(.luilbert, a descendant of the famous Templar, who is spoken of in the beautiful tale of " Ivanhoe," by Sir Walter Scott, All the famil> reside in France. The third daughter, Mile. Julia de Lolbiniere, married in 1830 M. Guslave Joly, and gave iiim the Seigniory (jf Lotbiniere as dowry. They had tiiree children. The Honorable and well-known Cruslave Joly is their son, whose career needs no pen of mine to describe, as his past deeds show him to be " lui chevalier sans peur et sans reproche." Amelie married Mr. Savage, an English officer. I'.dmund was also in the English army, and was slain at the siege of Lucknow, in the Lulian revolt. The two portraits in this sketch are those of Colonel Harwood, whose death is above recorded, and Henri Stans. Harwood, NLP.P. for Vaudreuil. His sou is a Doctor in Montreal. He studied at Bourgct College, Rigaud, and was admitted to practice as a physician and surgeon in 1890. He mr.rried Miss ^L^rie ^Llssoll, niece of the ex-IJeutenant-Governor of Quebec, and is now in the present Cabinet ot the Province without portfolio, and whose sketch is given elsewhere in this Gazetteer. 'J'his family represents in its branches many of the best French families in the country, including a mixture both of F.nglish and American. HON. JOSEPH MASSON. The subject of this sketch was born in St. Faistache, 1791. After receiving his education there and remaining for a short time in St. Eustache, Mr. Masson came to Montreal, and in 1814 entered into partnership with W. & H. Robertson, of Glas- gow, Scotland, under the title of Robertson, Masson & Co. in Montreal, and W. & H. Robertson in Glasgow. This partnership continuedamtil 1820, and on the death of Mr. W. Robertson Mr. Masson entered into partnership with F. A, Larocque and Struther Strang. IllvNKI S. IIAKWOOI). GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 267 They opened a new house in Quebec under the name of Masson, Larocquc, Strang & Co., which continued until 1832, when the two latter gentlemen retired from the firm, when it was continued by H. Robertson, the Honorable Joseph Masson, John Strang and Charles Langevin. Tliis firm continued to 1846, when the firm in Mon- treal was styled Joseph Masson, Sons (S: Co. ; in Quebec, Masson, ]jangevin &: Co.; in Glasgow, Masson, Sons & Co., which continued till the death of the founder of the firm, Honorable Joseph Masson, in 1847. After his death Wilfred A. R. Masson formed a partnership with J, B. Bruyere and Henry Hannay. Hon. J. Masson married, April, 1818, Sophie Raymond, daughter of J. B. Raymond of Laj)rairie, who will be ever remembered by her munificent and generous gift to the education of the country, in the building and endowing Masson College, Terrebonne, one of the finest educational establishments in Lower Canada. The honorable gentleman died on the 15th May, 1847, '^"<^'' ^^^^^ buried in the Church of Terrebonne. HON. LOUIS FRAN(;OIS RODRIQUE MASSON Was born at Terrebonne in 1833, and was educated at the Jesuit College, George- town, and at Worcester, U.S., and completed his classical studies at St. Hyacinthe. He studied Law, and was called to the ]>ar of Lower Canada in 1859. He first entered public life in 1867, representing his native county m the Commons of Canada from that time up to 1882, when he was called to the Senate. He wns sworn of the Privy Council as Minister of Militia and Defence in 1878, but resigned in 1880 and ac- cepted the portfolio of President of the Council, which office he was forced to give up through severe ill health to the regret of the whole country. His record as Minister of Militia stands much to his credit as a soldier and administrator. He knew the wants of the service, having served himself as a volunleer since 1862. In the Militia he has held the ])ositions of Brigade Major, 8th Military District, from 1863 to 1868, and served on the frontier during the first Fenian raid, Nfarch, 1866, and was also on active service during the second raid the same year. He was promoted Lieutenant- Colonel, 1867. On the resignation of the late Hon. Mr. Mousseau, Premier of Quebec, he was called upon to form an administration, but was compelled to decline owing to his continued ill-health. He was next a])poiiUed Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec in 1884, and held this office up to 1887, when his health agam fi)rced him to resign. After his temporary retirement from political life he studied Literature and published an '' Historical Sketch of the Old North-West Company," which comprised many unpublished records, letters, etc., relating to the early history of the North- West Territories. He was reappointed to the Senate in 1890. He has been twice married : first, in 1856, to Louisa Rachel, eldest daughter of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Mackenzie, who died in 1880 ; and second, in 1883, to Cecile, daughter of John H. Burroughs, of Quebec. He has been Mayor of Terrebonne, and has always been a staunch Conservative. He has again entered political life, having been appointed one of the present Cabinet at Quebec without portfolio. ^"^ GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. "WOLFRED NELSON, M.U. This well-known gentleman was born in Montreal on the loth July, 1792. His father was William Nelson, son of a victualling officer in the Royal Navy, as the Com- missariat of that department was then termed, His mother was a daughter of Mr. G. Dies, of Hudson River, State of New York. Being an enthusiastic loyalist, he lost all he possessed, and took refuge in Canada, where he terminated a long and respected life. At the early age of less than fourteen years Wolfred Nelson was apprenticed to Dr. Carter, of the army medical staff, at Sorel, December, 1805. There being few medical men in Canada at that period, he was soon forced into practice, and had the drudgery of a small military hospital confided to him. In January, 1811, he was duly licensed, and established himself at St. Denis, on the Richelieu river, and soon enjoyed a flourishing practice. When the war was declared in 1812, he volunteered his services, requeslinj at the same lime to be the right hand man of his regiment of miliiia ; lie was, however, forced to take the Surgeoncy, as medical men were " few and far between." In 1827 he was solicited to contest the rei)resentation of the "Royal Borough of William Henry," against Mr. James Stuart, the Attorney-General ; and although great mflucncc was used against him, he was elected by a majority of two, after seven days of ihe hardest election contest ever cxijeiierced in Canada. The Attor- ney-Cieneral instituted actions of so harassing a nature, that the House of Assembly was petitioned ; this resulted in Mr. Stuart's suspension from office. But he assumed such a fierce and determined attitude towards the then (jovernor, Lord Aylmer, that it led to his being deprived of his high office. The part that the Doctor took in the troubles of '37 are sufficiently well known not to be here reproduced, suffice it to say that two thousand dollars had been offered ior his arrest. He was conveyed to Montreal, and confined for seven months in the gaol. At the end of that time, having jjreviously received his sentence, which was banishment for life, he was, with other jjersons connected with the rebellion, taken to Quebec, and placed on board one of Her Majesty's vessels, in order to be taken to the West Indies. When in the A\'est Indies, the exiles received the proceedings which had taken place in the House of Lords declaring their trans])ortalion illegal ; they were allowed to dei)art, and reached the United States, 1st November, 1838- In the United States the Doctor remained until August, 1842, when he returned to his native city, with a wife and large family, to begin the world anew, having lost all his fine property by fire. He had deei)ly atoned for the past ; and, by his services in preserving human life during the time when fever and cholera were raging, and when grim denth was stalking and carrying oft numberless victims, he endeared him- self to a great many, and became entitled to the grateful remembrance of the pecple of the country. In 1845, ^^r. Nelson was triumi)hantly elected for the County of Richelieu, in opposition to the great Hon. D. 15. V'iger. He represented that county for two parliaments, and was a member of the House when the celebrated Rebellion GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. f > Losses Bill was discussed and passed. When the hard names of traitor and rebel were hurled against him, the old man rose in his place, and in a determined manner, claimed to be heard : '' Those who call me and my friends rebels," said he, '' I tell them they lie in their throats ; and here and everywhere else, I hold myself respon- sible for the assertion. But, Mr. Speaker, to love my country quite as much as myself, if to be ardently attached to the British Crown and our glorious Sovereign, is to be guilty of high-treason, then 1 am a rebel indeed. But I tell those gentlemen to their teeth, that it is they, and such as they, who cause revolutions, who pull down thrones, trample crowns into the dust, and annihilate dynasties. It is their vile acts that madden people, and drive them to desperation. As for my own great losses, wantonly inflicted as they were, I cheerfully make no claim for them ; but I call on you to pay those whose property you destroyed in my hands ; and 1 am happy, for I feel that with the protection of an Almighty Providence, I may yet honorably, by my own exertions, acquit my dues, advanced as I am in years. But there are hundreds of others with less encouraging prospects before them, whose only crime was, repos- ing confidence in the man they loved and trusted; pay these unhappy men, I ask no more." Doctor Nelson refused re-election, and devoted himself with his wonted energy to his profession, in the line of which the inspection of prisons clearly ran. ]ie was made Inspector of Prisons in 1851, and so continued until December, 1859, when he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Prison Ins])ectors for the two Provinces, He was also a Justice of the Peace and Co umissioner for the trial of smallcauses — offices which he threw up in 1837. He was repeatedly elected Vice-President and Pres- ident of the Medical Board and College of Surgeons. He was appointed Chairman of a Board of Commissioners during the prevalence of the emigrant fever in 1847, on which occasion he rendered great service in preventing the spreading of that dreadful disease ; as also Chairman of the lioard of Health during the time tiiat the cholera raged in the country. He was also tvvice elected Mayor of the City of Montreal. His reports on prisons, etc., are well written, and contain much valuable informa- tion, He died full of years and honors, and the name of Dr. VVolfred Nelson will ever, like that of Papineau, be held in veneration by those who now enjoy that liberty and freedom for which they fought in 1837 '^^^^^ i<^38- JOHN SMITH Was a native of .\thelstanford, Haddingtonshire, Scotland. He came to Canada when quite a youth. He became a succcsst'ul dry goods merchant, and retired from active business in 1844, and built a fine house for himself in Alexander street, then one of the fashionable streets of Montreal. He was one of the original members of St. Andrew's Society. He was one of the nine commissioners for the management of the Clergy Reserves, and died on 2nd March, 1872. His wife survived him six years, dying i8th May, 1878. One daughter afterwards became Lady Allan, being the wife of Sir Hugh, of Kavenscrag; another the wife of his brother, Andrew; a third the wife of J. G. Bellhouse j and the fourth the wife of Hartland M. Mac- dougall. 270 GAZE'ITKER OF MONTREAL. ALEXANDER SCLATER. For many years one of the most prominent figures in Montreal, and especially wherever that portion of the business community interested in shijjping "most do congregate," was the imposing form of Alexander Sclaler, the late Port Warden. Jiorn at Saltcoats, Ayieshire, Scotland, on the 13th March, 1819, he followed a sea- faring life, and when grown to manhood commanded a merchantman, visiting during this time every portion of the globe. He happened to be in Africa with his vessel when the Kaffir war broke out, narrowly escaping being murdered by the natives. He carried to his grave the mark of an assegai which was thrown at Inm by one of the Kaffirs who attacked him, which he grasped, lecciving a severe wound in tiie palm, but saving his own life by his quickness and presence of mind. In the course of his career he saved from drowning several people, and for his various noble and humane acts of heroism was presented by the Royal Humane Society of London Mith a gold watch and several gold medals suitably inscribed. He came to Montreal to settle in 1S58, and was appointed Port Warden in 1863, holding the office till his sudden death on May 4, 1876. He was accorded a public funeral, the various i)laces of business being closed, the flags being at half mast on all the ship])ing and the ])ublic buildings. Work was susj'ended, and all the public bodies in the city, including all the laborers in the Harbor, attended to show their respect for his many sterling qualities. Captain Sclaler married a daughter of the late Dr. James Grant, of ,\!artintown. County of Glengarry, Upper Canadn, a sister of Sir James Grant, M.I)., of Ottawa, by whom he had ten children, seven daughters and three sons, nine of whom survived him. \\'illiam and James, of the firm of Wm. Sclater (S: Co., are in business in this city as asbestos miners and manufacturers, and are widely and favorably known, their business having been established in 1S76. Alexander is also engaged in com- mercial pursuits in the City of Montreal. CHARLES GLACKMEYER Was born in Montreal on the 22nd June, 1820. He followed a complete course of studies at the Montreal College under the auspices of the Gentlemen of the Seminary of St. Sulpice. He studied Law under the late Messrs. Peltier & Bourret, and was admitted to the Bar on the loth October, 1843. i^^^'o years after, in 1845, '^^ entered the Corporation as Assistant City Clerk of Montreal, and on the 15th April, 1859, was appointed City Clerk — an office which he has continued to hold to the present day with jjcrfect satisfaction to the various Mayors and Councils which have been since then. Mr. Glackmeyer has rendered important service to the City on many occasions, and his services could ill be sj)ared to the Corporation of Montreal. He is, in his official capacity, the right man in the right place. GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 27 I ALBANI— EMMA LAJEUNESSE. This distinguished songstress, a credit to Canada in general, and Montreal in parti- cular, was born near Chanibly some lliirty-five or thirty-six years ago. Losing her mother when quite a child, she and her sisters were sent to the Convent of the Sacred Heart to he educated. Her i)roficiency on the organ was such that in a (aw years we find her in Albany, New York, directing the music and ofticiating as organ- ist in St. Joseph's Church and giving lessons in vocal music. The Roman Catholic Bishop seeing vhat she had extraordinary talents sent her to lunope. iMnally she came to Milan, and became a pupil of the celebrated J.amperti. After studying some time with him it became necessary to make a choice of a stage name, and she chose Albani, from the city of her first love — the place that recalled home and tender mem. cries, Albany in the State of New York. After singing in Malta she first attracted the attention of Col. Mai)leson. Having heard her,he at once offered her an engage- ment in London, England. She accepted and made her debut at Covent Garden 'I'heatre, under the direction of Mr. Gye. There she won a magnificent triumph, and ever since it has been one triumphal career. The effect of all this was, that most costly presents poured in upon her. In Berlin the Empress gave her a pair of valu- able porcelain vases from the Royal Pottery; but better still, she was dubbed then " Hof Kammer Sangerin," a " Royal Chamber Singer," by the luiiperor himself. In 1879, she was presented by the Czar of all the Russias at St. Petersburg with a magnificent set of diamond studded jewels. At the wedding of the Grand Duke Michael she sang and shared in the festivities. In Brussels, with the characteristic generosity which distinguishes her. she arranged a concert for the sufferers by the inundations and was presented with a beautiful wreath of silver. Her social position is an enviable one, and is acknowledged throughout the world. The Queen of Eng- land, in acknowledgment of her worth as a wonian and greatness as an artist, has received Madame Albani at lunch, a tribute which has never yet been paid to any other artist. Her progress has been one continued triumph. She married Mr. Gye as a matter of course, he who had introduced her to future fame and name. The Queen is tbnd of Albani, who now ])ossesses a fine property a few miles from Balmoral Castle, Scotland. With the two following notices we close her past career, and hope that she may yet for years appear before the public as one of the most talented ("anadians that the world ever saw : — " In addition to Madame Albani having been commanded to sing at \Vindsor Castle, before the Queen, it may be mentioned as an instance of the kindness of Her Gracious Majesty to her, that when Albani was singing in Berlin last winter, 1890, the Queen telegraphed from the Isle of Wight to the Crown-Princess of Prussia, specially recommending Madame Albani to her care, and asking the Prin- cess to do all in her j)Ower to help her." Col. De Winton tells the following : " During the visit of the Prince of Wales to this country, in i860, in visiting the Convent of the Sacred Heart, the Lady Su- perior introduced a child of seven years old as Mile. Lajeunesse, wIkj would sing for H.R.H., when with marvellous sweetness and jjower, that astonished the whole company, the future Albani sang, ' God Bless the Prince of Wales.' " 272 GAZKTTEER OF MONTREAL. LOUJS EDWARD HUBERT. Nearly two hundred and forty-four years ago, in the year 1648, the year in which King Charles I. of England was bel eaded by his rebellious subjects, there lived in the City of Paris, in the Parish of Saint Genevieve des Ardents, in the Archbishopric of that city, Ren6 Hubert, an honorable man and of good position. He held the high appointment of Apostolic Notary and Registrar of the Oflicialite of Paris (one of the most remarkable and highest of all the Parisian Courts of Law), His wife was Anne Horry, a daughter of Nicholas Horry, wlio, when living, was also Apostolic Notary of the Parish of St. Nicholas du Chardonnel of Paris. 'Vhh couple had a son who figured in the early history of Quebec, of the same name as his father, Rene Hubert. When living, he held the responsible position of Registrar of the Provost Marshal of Quebec, receiving his commission directly from King Louis XIV. of France, and dated 20th April, 1700. He was also the Clerk of Conseil Superieur, of Quebec, by commission, from April 13th, 1703, until his death, ist September, 1725. All the papers, edicts, and ordinances of that court from 14th June, 1703, to I St November, 1705, were signed by him. His son was Pierre Hubert, who left Quebec to reside in Montreal. He married Dame Marie Joseph Chartier de Beauce. He was a " constructeur de vaisseaux,'^ or ship builder, doing a large business and making latterly a good competency. The subject of this sketch, Louis Edward Hubert, his son, was born in Montreal, on the i6th February, 1766, just seven years after the cession of Canada to Britain, and the same year in which the old Pretender to the British throne died neglected at Rome. After passing with ec/dt all his studies in the Colleges of Montreal and Quebec, he married, on the 22nd November, 1796, Demoiselle Marie Cecil Cartier, only daughter of Jacques Cartier, merchant of the Parish of St. Antoine, River Richelieu, and aunt of the late Sir George E. Cartier, Baronet. He represented the County of Richelieu in the Parliament of Lower Canada from the year 1801 to 1805, and when the War of 1812 broke out between Great Britain and the United States, he was named Captain Quartermaster of the Militia of St. Denis. It was in 1813 that the combined movement of the American armies took place, their intention being to invade Canada at different points. One army of this move- ment was to march from tiie States by way of Champlain Lake and invade Montreal. The inhabitants of Montreal District then showed their loyalty and bravery, and they offered themselves voluntarily to serve against the invaders. The subject of this sketch holding an appointment in the Militia, with many others, responded immediately to tiie appeal made by the Governor, and the Camp at Laprairie was formed, among wiiose citizen soldiery were Joseph Cartier of St. Antoine, Col. Bourdages of St. Denis, and J. J. Girouard, notary, of St. Benoit, and an old member of the Provincial Parliament of Lower Canad.i. Mr. Hubert died at St. Denis in 1843, at •^he advanced age of seventy-seven. He left several children, the only one surviving being Pierre David Hubert, Doctor of Medicine. Rene Auguste Richard Hubert, late the Prothonoiary of the Superior Court of the City and District of Montreal, his other son, died some years ago. c.ivORc;!-; iiAciH. QAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 9^$ GEORGE HAGUE. Mr. Hague, the well-known General Manager of the Merchants' Bank of Canada, is a native of Rotherham, a manufacturing town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England (a short distance from Sheffield). He is of an old family who have been residents of the same locality for many generations, an ancestor having held a farm in the neighborhood from the Earl of Strafford, of Charles the First's time, by the curious old tenure of a peppercorn a year. At an early age he displayed a remarkable faculty for calculation, and carried off the prize in mental arithmetic against the whole of a large boarding school when only eleven years old. In subsequent years at school he was distinguished for industry and application, and became proficient in every branch of an ordinary English education. Leaving school, he pursued for years, in leisure hours, a course of private study in Mathematics, Logic and Languages, forming thus those habits of application, concentration and accuracy of thought which have been of signal service in subse- quent stages of his career. His arithmetical proficiency naturally led to the choice of Banking as a profes- sion, and in 1840 he was placed as a junior in the office of tlieSiieffield Banking Co., which was then, and has ever since continued to be, one of the most ably m aiaged banks in the North of England. To the thorough training received in this institution, Mr. Hague has always attributed much of his success as a banker in Canada. A*"' r a service extending over eleven years in this bank, he made an engage- ment with a firm of railway contractors who had large enterprises on hand in Canada, and was sent out by them in the firrst place to New Brunswick to make an audit of their business, and afterwards to Montreal to lake charge of their office. Here he remained until the death, in the year 1854, of the senior partner of the firm by shipwreck. This untoward event, taking place at the time of the outbreak of the Crimean War, compelled a suspension and final abandonment of the extensive operations in which the firm was engaged. During these years Mr. Hague obtained an experience of business and commercial life which rarely falls to a banker's lot. The contracts undertaken by this firm anticipated by some twenty-five years the lines of railway through the Ottawa Valley and along the North and South shores of the St. Lawrence, which have now become incorporated in the Canadian Pacific system. After the winding up of the affairs of this firm, Mr. Hague decided to return to banking as a profession, and took service as Accountant with the Bank of Toronto. This was in 1856. To the small beginnings of this now prosperous Institution, Mr. Hague has referred in a lecture on " Canadian Banking " published some years ago. After several years' experience in the Head Office of the Bank, he was placed in charge of one of the Branches in which a too enterprising style of management had resulted in a mass of undesirable business. The process of weeding and trimming was a most laborious one, but during its progress invaluable lessons were 18 3^4 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. learned as to the country business of a Canadian Bank, and especially of that which is doubtful and dangerous. The experience gained was a preparation for the same kind of work on a far larger scale which it fell to his lot to accomplish nearly twenty years afterwards. His services in this Branch were recognised by a transfer to the Head Office. Translated to a higher sphere, and having an able Board of Directors around him, Mr. Hague developed and extended the business of the Bank on the sound principles whicii he had learned in England. He instituted a methodical system of loaning and discounting, of the government of branches, of inspection, and of supervision, which resulted in time in placing the Bank in the first rank of sound institutions in the Dominion. It was during his incumbency of office in the Bank of Toronto that the Dominion Government made a strenuous effort to introduce the American system of currency into Canada. Mr. Hague was among the first to apprehend the dangerous consequences to the mercantile community and to the Banks of this measure, and took the lead in a persistent opposition to it. The difficulties were great, for the Government had a strong majority at its back, and at one time it seemed as if all hope of successful opposition would have to be abandoned. He displayed in those difficult circumstances an undaunted spirit, and succeeded in rallying the scattered forces of those who were with him in sentiment, and finally, by their assistance, in winning over so many influential members of both Houses of Parliament that the Government considered it prudent to withdraw the measure. After the advent of Sir Francis Hincks to office as Finance Minister, various conferences of bankers were held with him, in all which Mr. Hague took part, the result being the preservation in all its essential features of a system of >ank circulation which has been of inestimable service in the growth and development of the country, and which is looked upon as a desirable model by eminent financiers in the United States. During the whole progress of this agitation, which continued for several years, and necessitated constant visits to the seat of Government, close watch was kept upon the business of the Bank, which continued to grow and prosper until it had reached that happy goal of all Bankers of that time, when the " Reserve Fund " was equal to one-half of the Capital. During these years Mr. Hague had been actively engaged in hours of leisure, and as opportunity offered, in the service of the Christian Church, and took part in various religious and philanthropic enterprises in Toronto. Some of these, which are now important and flourishing institutions, owe much of their development to his assiduous care, and this at a time when the full weight of Banking responsibilities was upon him. So much, indeed, was his heart in such enterprises, that he concluded it to be his duty to relinquish his position in the Bank in order to devote to them his whole time and the remaining energies of his life- This resolution was carried out. On QAZKTTKKR OF MONTRKAL, 275 the 31st December, 1876, lie severed his connection with the Bank of Toronto, and witli the business woild generally, and entered upon the service of the Cliristian Church as a layman. In less than two months, however, events transpired which led to a return to his old sphere, and to the entrance upon responsibilities even larger than any that had hitherto fallen to his lot. The times were difficult, for several years of depres- sion had already passed over Canada, and every interest had felt the effect of it. Insolvencies had been multiplying at an alarming rate, and the whole commercial and financial atmosphere was clouded. The full effect of this state of things fell with great weight upon the Merchants' Bank of Canada, an Institution which was doing an immense business in all parts of Canada, and also carrying on extensive oper- ations in New York and London, Eng. It became known that the Bank was suffer- ing severe losses, and its stock fell steadily downwards. Efforts to stem the tide proved unavailable, and at length meetings of stockholders were called to discuss the position. These resulted in a call for a change of management. Thereupon the President, Sir Hugh Allan, and the General-Manager, Mr. Jackson Rae, botli resigned their positions. The Hon. John Hamilton was immediately elected President, and Mr. John McLennan, Vice-President. These, changes, however, did not i)revent a drain of deposits from going on, and the Bank was rapidly drifting to the point when a stoppage would have been inevitable. It was under these circumstances that an appeal was made to Mr. Hague to assume the general management of the Bank. The crisis was urgent. There was little time for consideration, and after such an e.xam- ination of the Bank's position as could be had, with assurances of support from other banks and of active co-operation from the Board of Directors, he assumed charge of the Institution about the latter end of February, 1877, removing to Montreal for the purpose. It was said at the time by one of the daily journals that it would be a tremendous task to wade through the masses of securities and bills possessed by the Bank, together with the diversified assets of many insolvent estates with which it was encumbered, but that the work must be done before the Bank could be put upon a proper foundation. The Board lent a zealous co-operation to the task. The staff of the Bank worked vigorously in the same direction. The whole internal economy of the Bank was overhauled and strengthened. Unprofitable Branches were closed. Large operations in which the Bank had engaged, in connection with the first Quebec Provincial Loan, and also with the gold market of New York, were brought to a termination ; while zealous care was exercised in preserving such business as was sound and valuable. The task of reforma- tion and reconstruction proved, however, to be a far heavier one than any person had anticipated. Insolvent estates amounting in the aggregate to many millions had to be dealt with in the way of settlement, and before the Annual Meeting, in July, it became apparent that a heavy reduction of capital would be required in order to place the Bank upon a solid foundation. The necessary authority for this was granted by Parliament during the ensuing session, but many years of toil and labor tjft OAZETTF.ER OK MONTREAL. elapsed before the Bank was in a position whicli justified the Board in looking upon it with satisfaction. During the whole of this period an amount of labor became necessary far beyond what is customary amongst Bankers, constantly protracted to late hours of the night, and whicli would have proved exhausting but for those habits of persevering application of which the foundation had been laid by Mr. Hague many years before. There is also another word to be said. Those who know the subject of this memoir are aware that he is not given to obtruding religious matters in conver- sation. But they know well that he has stated repeatedly that but for strength from a Higher than any human source he must have been utterly broken down by the experience passed through during these adverse years. The clor.ds, however, broke at length. In 1881, a marked improvement in trade took place, and the country began to recover prosperity. The credit of the Bank was thorougiily re-established, and Mr. Hague stated at an annual meeting of stock holders that, notwithstanding the severe process of pruning and weeding that had been necessary, the Bank had retained all the valuable business thai had formerly belonged to it. The history of the JJank for the last ten years has been one of steady growth and increasing prosperity. During the period of Mr, Hague's incumbency of the general management the whole subject of Banking has been twice brought before Parliament in connection with the renewal of the Bank charters. On the first occasion, in iHSo, the (piesliou again arose of assimilating the circulation of Canadian J}anks to that of the Uiuled States. The Finance Minister of the time favored this idea, but on the strong representations made by a majority of Bankers the project was again abandoned. It fell to Mr. Hague's lot, at the request of the Bankers convened in Ottawa, to present to the Finance Minister their views on this question. In 1890, it became known that the Government were proposing considerable modi- fications in the Banking Law, and Mr. Hague took the initiative in calling a con- ference of the Bankers of the Dominion to consider the changes proposed. In the discussion that followed he naturally took part, and also in the interviews that were had with the Finance Minister and the Privy Council on the subject. For some years back it has been customary with the general management of large banking institutions in Canada, followuig Blnglish precedents, to deliver an address at the Annual Meeting, reviewing not only tiie business of the Bank itself, but the position and prospects of the trade of tiie country. The addresses of Mr. Hague from year to year have been noted for their comprehensive and practical character, being eminently readable, devoid of technical and abstruse discussion, dwelling on matters of universal business interest, and have been widely read and commented upon both in Canada and the United States. So far with regard to the practical position of Mr. Hague's banking career. He has, however, been active in the theoretical as well as in the practical sphere of Banking. His contributions to the Press on financial subjects have been carried on without intermission for more than twenty years, in the shape of leading articles GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. tfj in financial journials. His addresses to Bankers in tiie United Slates at the annual meeting of their Associations have been received with marked approval, and all of them are now in print in pamphlet form. Amongst other addresses was one delivered before the British Association for the Advancement of Science, when it met in Montreal, four years ago. Few men in Canada have written as much on banking and financial subjects, or done more to diffuse sound principles, to expose prevalent errors, and bring about honorable and wise methods of business, or to warn the community against commercial rocks and shoals, and generally to promote the per- manent prosperity of the country. Mr. Hague has long taken a warm interest in the young men of Canada, and has been identified with the Young Men's Christian Association and other agencies for their improvement. ]}efore this body he has delivered papers and addresses on various subjects, most of which have been piinted. He has taken special i)ains to educate llie young men who have at various times served under liim in his banking career, and has had the satisfaction of seeing many of them rise to prominent positions in the banking world. He was for many years Chairman of the Congregational College of Canada, and is one of the Governors of McGili University. For mere parly poli- tics he has no particular taste, but has for some lime been a member of llie Imperial Federation League, and lias always taken a deep interest in the development of Canada as an integral portion of the British Empire. He has lately been honored by the Privy Council of Canada in being appointed Chairman of the Royal Commission to enquire into the working of the ('ivil Service of the Dominion. THOMAS STORROW BROWN Was born at St. Andrews, New Brunswick, on the 7th of May, 1803. His grand- father was a lioston merchant, who sacrificed his all for the Royal cause, and left that city for Halifax in 1776, when Boston was evacuated by General Gage. His grandmother was the granddaughter of John Wentworlh, and niece of Sir Benning Wentworth and cousin of John Wentworlh (afterwards Sir John, Governor of Nova Scotia), who in succession were the three last Royal Governors of New Hampshire. She accompanied to New Brunswick a son-in-law, Captain Thomas Storrow, of the British Army. On the approach of war with the United Slates in t8ii, when friends on the opposite side of the River St. Croix were to become enemies, Mr. JJrown retired as far as possible from the frontier to Woodstock in the Stale of Vermont. From this place, his son, the subject of this sketch, in May, 1818, then fifteen years old, came friendless and alone to Montieal, to enter the hardware store of Mr. J. T. Barrett. In 1825, he commenced the hardware business on his own account» and in a few years had one of the largest establishments of this trade in the city, which he gave up in 1835, devoting himself to public matters and land speculations. In 1832, he was one of the principal organizers of the Vindicator newspaper, and 278 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. soon became a public writer. He was the most active promoter of the Charter of the City Bank, whicli commenced business in 1833, and soon after equally active in organizing the Banque du Peuplc, of which he was one of the first directors. In the summer of 1834, ihe law for the protection of emigrants had expired, and there was no office or provision for them in Montreal. Suddenly the cholera broke out, creat- ing universal panic ; the city being without funds, applied to Lord Aylmer, then Governor General, for an advance, but was refused ; the Mayor called a meeting of the citizens, and in this way related his position, when Mr. Brown moved and carried a resolution naming himself and four other citizens, Felix Souligne, Toiissaint Peltier, James Duncan Gibb, and Francois Desautels, as a committee, to do all things need- ful. These gentlemen at once assumed full authority, and with their own funds established Cholera Hospitals and shelter for emigrants, furnished provisions to all in need, forwarded daily to their destination all who were in health, paying the passage of all who had come destitute. Mr. Brown devoted every morning to attendance in the hospital, and the afternoon to forwarding emigrants. In all public agitation up to the fall of 1837, '^''' Brown, being in daily communication with Mr. Papineau and other leaders of his party, was among the most active and ubiquitous in writing and public speaking. He wrote a series of letters, signed Z. M. N., to the Nc7ii York Express, on the affairs of Canada. When the Sons of Liberty were organized in August, he was chosen General of that body. On the sixth of November, when returning home alone after their last meeting, he was assailed by a body of the opposite i^arty, and nearly beaten to death, losing the sight of his right eye, which he never recovered. The injuries thus sustained confined him to his home till the i6th November, when hearing that a warrant for high treason was issued against him he went down to Point aux Trembles, from which, after passing a day in bed on an island, he crossed to Varennes. When at supper there he was joined by Alphonse Gouvin and Rodolph Desrivieres, two chiefs of the Sons of Liberty, who, by accident, arrived at the same time. These three determined to establish a Military camp at St. Charles. Riding over night they accomplished this the following morning. Mr. Brown being too weak for action, his two associates completed the preparations. The people of the village and county, supposing that a general rising had commenced, came to the camp in great numbers, and such as had arms of any kind, to the number of about two hundred, remained. Trees were felled to form defensive works, but as there was not time to throw up earthworks it was merely a log fence, nor were there officers or military organizations. At the same time Dr. Wolfred Nelson had collected a number of armed men at St. Denis, for the defence of that place. When news reached Montreal of these doings, Col. Gore was sent with a force against St. Denis, by way of Sorel, and Col. Wetherall to St. Charles, with a brigade of infantry, two pieces of field artil- lery and a small body of cavalry. Resting a day at St. Hilaire, and the roads being good and weather fine, on the 25 th November he marched rapidly to St. Charles, ' • GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 279 using the ordinary military stratagem in an open level country of setting fire to a few barns as he approached. The great columns of smoke and tiame bursting up from them produced its usual terror, and the country people came flocking before him. In the midst of this Mr. Brown was thrown to the frozen ground from his horse, with a shock that in ordinary times would have knocked him senseless, but mounLmg again he endeavored to restore what order he could. In the camp were less than a hundred men wjio made a heroic stand, but the firing of Colonel Wetherall's musketry and guns soon scattered all, except about thirty, who were killed, and whose names have been carefully and religiously pre- served. All order being ended, and Atr. Brown finding himself only one among the many, proceeded about nightfiill to St. Denis, where he joined Dr. Wolfred Nelson, and after returning for a day to St. Charles, remained with him for a week. On the 2nd of December, they left with four companions for the States. Cetting separated, all were captured except Mr. Brown, who, by passing through the woods, and lodging in barns, reached the United States, on the 9th of December, after many romantic adventures, having been obliged to sustain life on raw peas, etc. He now found that $2,000 had been offered for his apprehension. Subsequently he was by a decree of Lord Durham declared guilty of high treason, to be punished accordingly, if found in Her Majesty's dominions. Taking no part in the border disturbances he went to Florida in 1838, being occupied while there with public questions. In the spring of 1844, hearing that a Nolle Prosequi had been entered in his case in Montreal, by the Attorney General of Canada, Mr. Lafontaine, for what reason he never knew, he returned to this city, welcomed by his old acquaintances of all parties as one who had merely returned from a journey. Finding his land operations, after six years' neglect, all in ruin, he returned to the hardware trade, in which he continued until 1862, when he was appointed by the Macdonald-Dorion Government Chairman of a Commission to inquire into the posi- tion of the Public Departments, and their manner of keeping accounts. In 1864, he was the first named official assignee under the Insolvent Act of that year. Mr. Brown was married in 1829 to Miss Jane Hughes, who died in 1833, leaving one daughter. He was again married in i860 to Mrs. Hestor Livingstone, of St. Augustine, Florida. His connection with the Board of Trade has been from its earliest day. He has held a high social position as a man of honor and cultivation, his connection with the press as an independent and popular writer on all social questions has been continual, and he has been prominent in all matters connected with Temperance Reform. When looking back on his long eventful life, and especially to 1837, ^[r. Brown saw what he and his compatriots fought and bled for. We have now the blessings of Constitutional Government and a free, loyal and prosperous commu- nity, thanks to him and the Fils de la Liberie of 1837. 28o GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL, EDMUND BARNARD, Q.C., Was born at Three Rivers, on 23rd January, 1831. He is a son of Edward Barnard, for many years Prothonotary of Three Rivers, whose family was originally from Yorkshire, England, settled at an early day in the history of the Colonies, at Deer- field, Mass., and immigrated thence into Canada. Mr. Barnard received his education in the Colleges of St. Hyacinlhe, Nicolet and Montreal, and took his degrees of B.A. and M.A. at St. John's College, Fordhani, N.Y. He studied Law in the office of Judge Polette, in Three Rivers ; also with Sir John Rose and the late Mr. Justice Monk, of the Court of Appeals, and was admitted to the Bar on the 23rd of October, 1853. Mr. Barnard is known as one of the most studious, painstaking and successful lawyers in Montreal. He has made a specialty of certain branches, such as real estate, French law, municipal law, and law of banks and corporations, he having a very extensive clientele in tliose several departments. He often visits England to attend to Canadian cases before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. A fellow member of the Montreal Bar gives Mr. Barnard credit for having a very keen perception of the old French law — second to that of no other lawyer in the province, for being a very indefatigable worker in preparing his cases, and for being a fluent and strong Advocate, equally good in the French and English languages. In 1858, Mr. Barnard was married to Ellen King, daughter of the Hon. C. L. Austin, Recorder of the City of Albany, N.Y. His son is associated with him in his office, REV. J. U. LECLERC Was born at Isle Bazarre, August 7th, 1836. He is the son of Francis LecL re, farmer, and Josephte Demers, his wife. While still a youth, his parents determined to dedicate their son to the service of the Church, and with this object in view his education was properly attended to. He took, first, a Classical course at Montreal College, after studying Philosophy at St. Mary's College, Montreal, and St. Michael's College, Toronto. He next went to Sandwich College, as Professor, in 1858, but soon resigned this position to enter on a course of study in Theology at the Cirand Seminary at Montreal, being ordained Priest in June, 1862. His first clerical charge was at Vaudreuil, where he was Curate for two years. In 1865, he left Yaudreuil, having been appointed Chaplain of the Reformatory Prison at St. Vincent de Paul. In 1873, he was appointed Chaplain to the great Penitentiary there, and for the ten years following he filled that very important post with great acceptability to the officers of the institution, who were deeply struck with the Chaplain's piety, and the zeal with which he ministered to the spiritual wants of the many unfortunate outcasts from society who were confined within its walls. In 1883, Father Leclerc was transferred to the important parish of St. Joseph's, Richmond street, Montreal, where he has since ministered. He is also Pastor of St. Anthony's Parish, for the English-speaking classes of St. Joseph's and St. Cunegonde, by whom he is much beloved. About four years ago he visited Manitoba, and was much impressed with the richness of the country, and the immense resources of the Northwest Territories. He has also twice visited the Maritime Provinces, and has thus a good knowledge of the topography of the Dominion from personal observation. ri.KolMIAS KKAISol.i;!!, Ml' GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL, 28I CLEOPHAS BEAUSOLEIL, M.P., Was born iglh June, 1845, at St. Felix de Valois, County of Joliette. Fourth son of Joseph Beausoleil and of Rose Ducharmc. He was educated at the Academy of Berthier and at Joliette College. He came to Montreal in August, 1864, and studied Law at the office of Messrs. Bclanger & Desnoyers, now judges. In 1866, his love of politics induced him to enter journalism. He wrote first for Z'(7;v//v, then for L'Eveneiiient. In 1868, he became one of the editors of Le Nouveau Monde under Mr. Joseph Royal, now Lieutenant-Governor of the North \Vest, and chief editor in 1870, a position he occupied until 1873, when he established Lc Bieii Fiib'ic in co- parlnershi]) with Mr. L. O. David. His career as a political writer was one of the brightest. In 1875, ^'^''* Beausoleil left politics and was appointed Official Assignee, in which office he obtained the confidence of the trade and acquired quite a com- petency. In 1880, ]Mr. Beausoleil resumed his legal studies, and was admitted to the Bar, July, 1880. Six months later he entered into partnership with Hon. Honorei Mercier, Premier of the Province of Quebec, and the firm still exists under the name of Mercier, Beausoleil, Choquet & Martineau. In 1882, Mr. Beausoleil contested St. James Ward for the Municipal Council against Alderman Louis Ailard, and was elected by 221 votes of a majority after one of the bitterest contests on record. He was re-elected by acclamation in 1885, ''•'^^ resigned in 18S8. His principal works in the Council were the repeal of the Abattoir ]\Ionopoly, the repeal of the Statute Labor Tax and the annexation of Hochelaga and St. Jean Baptisle A'ards, thus giving the control of the city to the French element. In 1867, Mr. Beausoleil was elected to the House of Commons for the County of Berthier, defeating the late member, Mr. Robillard, by a majority of 231. He was re-elected in March, 1871, defeating Mr. Victor Ailard by 157 votes. Mr. Beausoleil has taken a prominent part in some very important debates, such as the Reciprocity, Dual Language and Beet-root Sugar debates. Mr. Beausoleil speaks as he writes, with knowledge of the subject, clearness of exjiression, going straight to the point and bringing all the arguments in the most lucid manner. Mr. Beausoleil is a National-Liberal, devoted to his Church, to his country and to his party. He is one of the most trusted Lieutenants of Hon. Wilfred Laurier. He has once more (Feb., 1892) been elected by acclamation as one of the Aldermen of the City of Montreal. «82 ' GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. MICHAEL PATRICK RYAN. The subject of this sketch was born at Palis, in the County of Tipperary, one of tlie finest and most delightful counties of the many such in Ireland, on the 29th Sep- tember, 1824. He is the third son of William and Mary Ryan. He received his education tliere, and at an early date came to Montreal and commenced business. He married, in 1850, Margaret, eldest daughter of the late Patrick Brennan, Esq., of this city. Mr. Ryan was at one time one of the most extensive merchants in Mon- real in his own line, which was that of produce, and ranked amongst the merchant princes of the great Canadian Metropolis. He has been most active in the welfare and prosperity of his adopted city. He was Vice-President of the Artisans' Mutual Building Society, and a Director of the Metropolitan Bank, of which the well-known Honorable Henry Starnes was at one time the Ma:nager. He was also a Director of the Northern Colonization Railway, and is the President of the Local Directors of the Confederation Life Association. He is also a Justice of the Peace for the District and City of Montreal. Whilst he was a member of the Corn Exchange Association he had the high honor of three times being elected to serve as the President. He was a Harbor Commissioner from August, 1873, to August, 1874. In 1868, Canada lost her noblest adopted child, Thomas D'Arcy McGee. The election that preceded that Statesman's last return to Parliament had been conducted with a bitterness unprecedented in the annals of electioneering warfare. The passion of the multitude had not subsided when the tragic event occurred that sent poor McGee to an untimely end. Many of the Protestant population, with whom he was a great favorite, registered a vow that no Irish Catholic should be his successor. The moment was a trying one. Had the tacit understanding as to the representation of Montreal in the House of Parliament been then broken through, it is imi)Ossible to say what might have been the result politically ; but in any case it must have proved disastrous to tiie interests of the Irish Catholics. Meeting after meeting was held to bring forward a candidate ; the names of many prominent citizens were mentioned ; but the Protestant section refused to hear of any unless Mr. M. P. Ryan, who had jnost emphatically refused to offer himself, should be the candidate. No doubt those who desired to see the Irish people deprived of their representation, never dreamt that Mr. Ryan would consent to sacrifice his business, involving hundreds of thousands of dollars annually, for the profitless task to him of sitting in Parliament, and the late Mr. Morland, a gentleman of high standing, was ready in the background to step forward, with the whole support of the Government, to snatch the coveted prize. Mr. Ryan's patriotism had now to stand a severe test. His fellow-countrymen, those who had, with himself, followed the fortunes of the late lamented McGee, and those who had fought hardest on the other side, were clustered around him, and, responsive to the solicitations of clergy and laity, he consented to accept the candidature that he in no way desired, and which, whilst it preserved the seat to his fellow-countrymen and co-religionists, was destined to be one of the causes of the great commercial misfortunes that overtook him later on. Thus, however, was finally settled the question of Irish-Catholic representation in the City of Montreal, and so effectually GAZETTKER OF MONTREAL. 283 that no political party, without counting inevitable defeat, can afford to trample upon that acknowledged right. Mr. Ryan was, therefore, elected by acclamation in 1868, and again in 1872. In the memorable campaign of 1874, the late Mr. Devlin opposed Mr. Ryan, but was defeated by 383 votes. On a subsequent occasion, the seat having been declared vacant, Mr. Devlin succeeded in carrying the election by a majority of 73; but, at the General Election following (1878), Mr. Ryan defeated Mr. Devlin by the sweeping majority of 802. In Parliament, Mr. Ryan occupied positions on most of the important com- mittees of the House. He seldom spoke except on questions affecting the interests of the people he more especially represented, and on subjects affecting the fiscal policy of the country, wlien he commanded universal attention and respect. His devotion to his party was well known, but it had never led him so far as to swerve for one moment from the strict path of duty. On the New Brunswick school question, in the exciting and bitter controversy on the Manitoban difficulty, in a Mord, on every occasion where manly independence was necessary, Mr. Ryan showed that by voice and vote he was prepared to stand by the good cause, let the consequences to Government or political parties be what they might. During his long and useful career, Mr. Ryan connected himself with many organizations for the moral and social improvement of his people, but with none more actively than the St. Patrick's Temperance Society, of which he was President for several years. Many is the weak and erring man his kind word has comforted, and his noble example strengthened in his resolve to turn over a new leaf, and adhere to that total abstinence which has effected so much good everywhere, but in no instance more markedly than amongst the Irish people. In 1882, Mr. Ryan retired from public life to take the position of Collector of Customs at the Port of Montreal, and was succeeded by the present member, J. J. Curran, M.P. JOSEPH BRUNET Was born at St. Vincent de Paul, 26th November, 1835. His father was also of the same name and of that village. The family went to Laprairie when Mr. Brunet was thirteen years old, and after four years he came to Montreal and was apprenticed to a large building firm. At the age of twenty-one he began business on his own account, and by strict assiduity and correct management of his affairs, has acquired the position he now holds. In February, 1871, he was elected as Councillor for the St. Louis Ward, and since that dale for some years he continued to represent the Ward, being for two years elected as Alderman. He is one of the Directors of the Metropolitan Building Society, also of the St. James', also the Canada, and of the Magog Association for giving cheap and healthy residences in the country to those who are members of the Society. His place of business is on Mignonne street. He was elected to the Local Provincial Legislature for Montreal last General Elections, and is now awaiting the result of March 8th next — what the General Elections caused by the dismissal of the Mercier Government will bring forth. 284 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. THOMAS FORTIN, LL. L. He was born in St. Frangois, Beauce, 7th December, 1853, conscfjuently he is thirty-nine years of age. He was educated first at the elementary school of tlie locahty up to the age of twelve, then went away to the State of Minnesota for two years, after which he tried farming, and then travelled in the Eastern States for a couple of years. After this he was apprenticed to a blacksmith for six months. Afterwards he really worked by the day on the Quebec Central Railway, near Sher- brooke, for some time in 1872, so determined was he to get the means to prosecute his further studies. From there he went to the Military School of Quebec, where the usual certificate was obtained. It was when he was in Quebec attending the Military School tliat he met some friends who thought he could do something else than travel about and work by the day. Witli the assistance of his parents, and with the few dollars earned by the pick and shovel, he attended Mr. W. Thom's Com- mercial Academy for one year. He then entered the employ of Fyfe & Garneau, dry goods store, as bookkeeper, and was there and elsewhere until the 15th November, 1876, when he came to Montreal in search of a better situation. Through the pro- tection and recommendation of a friend in Quebec, he entered as bookkeeper in the Canadian Rubber Co., and remained until March, 1879, Whilst there, he met friends who were taking night lessons from the late L'Abbe ('handonnet, one of the best teachers ever known in Canada. He joined the class of L'Abbe Chandonnet in January, 1878, and in January, 1879, was admitted to the study of Law without oral examination, and with much congratulations from examiners on his proficiency and advancement. He then entered the office of the Hon. J. K. Robidoux, in March. 1879, ^'•s 'I student, and followed the Law course at Laval, Montreal. He graduated there in Law, in June, 1881, obtaining the degree of LL. L., Sutfima cum iaude, the highest degree obtainable, at the end of the course. He was admitted to practice in January, 1882, also coming out first from the examinations, and entered into partner- ship with Mr. Robidoux. He married in May, 1882, Miss Amanda Fortier, daughter of Antoine Fortier, Esq., N.P., of Ste. Scholastique. In 1885, he removed his residence to St. Rose, where he still lives, partly on account of poor health. Chosen as a candidate in 1888 to oppose Mr. Leblanc in a bye-election for Laval, he was defeated. He met with the same experience in 1890 in the deneral Elections. By request, he replaced Mr. Robidoux as Professor of Civil Law at McGill during the Session of 1888-89 ; was appointed Assistant Professor of Law in said institution, and given the Course of Professor Lareau in 1889-90. At the reorganization of the Faculty of Law, in 1890, after the munificent endowment of Mr. McDonald, he was appointed Professor of Civil Procedure and Municipal Law, which position he still holds. He dissolved partnership with Mr. Robidoux, when the latter entered the Provincial Government as Provincial Secretary, and is now practising alone. In the List of our Biographies I don't think there is one single example which should arrest the attention of the youth,, not only of Montreal, but the Province at OAZEITEER OK MONTREAL. 385 large, such as llial of Thomas Foriin, now one of the Professors of Law in the University of McGill. It is a grand incentive to all our young men //// desperandum, for through every amount of difficulty, trouble and opposition, if a young man will only set himself in a determined manner to succeed, he will in the end accomplish his desire. A good, honest, religious and healthy life, moral and physical, will always succeed in the end. Let all remember the old Roman adage : " Labor omnia vincii." RKNi; AUGL'STE RICHARD HUBERT Was the son of Louis Edward Hubert, merchant of St. Denis, River Richelieu, and of Dame Marie Cecil Cartier, aunt of the late .Sir George E. Carlicr, Baronet, and was born on the 5th of June, 181 1. When he had made with distinction all the classes of his course of study in the College of St. Hyacinthe, at twenty-five years of age, he was admitted en the i6th April, 1836, to the Bar of Lower Canada. Among his classmates maybe mentioned the Bishop of .St. Hyacinthe, Hon. Judge Sicotte and Pierre David Hubert, ALD., his brotlier. He studied in the offices of the late Louis Michel V'iger, Esq., and in that of the well-known C. S. Cherrier, Esq. Choosing Montreal for the exercise of his profession, for the long period of thirty years he always had a large number of rich and lucrative clients as a reward for his assiduity to his profession, his talents and great integrity. No man deserved a better position than R. A. R. Hubert. In after years, his sterling qualities were well known and his honest purpose appreciated by those in power. He married, on the 26th December, 1833, in the Parish of Pointe aux Trembles, Dlle. Hermine Viger, the daughter of the late Joseph Viger, P^sq., and of Therese Archambault of that place. Just thirty years after his admission to i)ractice as an advocate he was named Prothonotary, nth January, 1866, and occupied this important position and difficult situation to his death, to the entire satisfaction of the Bench, the Bar and the public. A new Bank had been established in Montreal and received the name of the patron saint of Canada, the St. Jean Baptistc Bank. The subject of this sketch was the Provisional President of the new enterprise. A s*ale which Mr, Hubert made at Cote St. Paul, near Montreal, showed the advance of proi)erty iu this city at that time. The farm consisted of ninety-six arpents extent, and cost the small s\mi of $4,800 in the year 1866, and was sold to a company of capitalists for the fabulous price of $280,000. Let us now go back to 1837. ^ J'^^^ ^f*^^'' '^'^ admission to the Bar he was engaged in the troubles of that year, and was present on the 14th December at the battle of St. Eustache with the late Dr. Chenier, slain in the fight ; J. H. Peltier, Esq. advocate, then his co-partner ; J. Chevalier de Lorimier, who was one of the victims of the troubles of 1838. St. Eustache is pleasantly situated on the north branch 286 GAZKTTEER OF MONTREAL. of the Ottawa river or tlie Riviere du ChGnc. Tlie malcontents were strongly entrenched in the church which was set on fire, as was also the presbytcre and about sixty of the principal houses in the village. Nearly 200 fell victims to their folly from the fire and charges of the troops, or they were suffocated in the rtanies of the buildings destroyed. Mr. Hubert was exposed to the fire of the 32nd Regiment and a battalion of volunteers on the north side when he was riding on horseback on the south side of the Petite Riviere du ChGne, having had a ball pass through his hat, and he would certainly have been killed, exj)Osed as he was to the fire of more than 800 guns, if the balls had been better directed, but for the most part tiiey lodged in the sides of the houses opposite to the Royal Regiment. On the 6th January, 1838, he was taken prisoner with his brother, Fran<;ois Xavier Hubert, N.P., of St. Denis, at St. Anloine, River Richelieu, and thrown into the Montreal gaol, where were then confined the late Sheriff Leblanc, the late Dr. Wolfred Nelson and many others. He remained in gaol for some months, till Lord Durham, converting his mission into one of peace, on the occasion of the coronation of Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, caused the gaols of Canada, now crowded with political offenders, to be emptied — many being released on giving security for future good behavior. Mr. Hubert gave recognizances of $10,000 that he would not " trouble the peace again for five years." More than fifty years have passed since the subject of this sketch gave these bonds, a new generation has arisen, Mr. Hubert and all his old companions have passed away, but what he and the other " Fils de la Liberte " fought and bled for, this generation and their children have now obtained, viz., responsible government and the election of ils members by the people themselves. Very few have such an unblemished escutcheon and genealogical register as Mr. Hubert, and very few can tell, especially in a new country, of the position and occu- pation of his great-great-grandfather. CARDINAL AND DUQUETTE. We will give the closing scenes of the life of these two Patriots, the first of the twelve who were hanged above the gate of the present Gaol. All these memoirs are taken from my " Historv of the Montreal Prison." '• Cardinal and Duquette were at the head of the Patriots who went to the village of Caughnawaga to possess themselves of the Indians' weapons, when they were arrested on the 4th November, and on the 28th with Lepailleur condemned to die. The last named escaped the gallows, and was transported to Australia, but afterwards returned to Montreal, where he died not long ago. On the 20th December, from his cell in the Montreal Prison, Cardinal wrote, amongst other things, these words to his wife : Demain, a I'heure ou je t'ecris, mon ame sera devant son Createur et son Juge. Je ne crains pas ce moment redoutable. Je suis muni de toutes les consolations de la religion. Oh Dieu, ayezpitie de moi, de dAZKl'TEER OK MONTRKAL. 287 ma femnie ct de mcs enfanls, je voiis Ics rccomniancle, veilicz sur eiix, servez leur d't'poiix ct de peie, et ne tardcz pas de les leunir tons avcc moi dans voire saint paradis.' And yet such is tlie height to whicli party feeHng will he carried during times like those of which we are now writing that The Montreal Jferaid, of dale November 19th, 1838, thus says: * We have just seen the new gallows made by ^^^. Bronsdon, and we believe that it is to be set up facing the prison, so that the incarcerated rebels may enjoy a sight that doubtless will not fail to assure to ihem sound sleep and agreeable dreams I Six or seven of them can be strung up at once, without difficulty on the new gibbet, but a yet greater number at a pinch would it accommodate.' Great efforts were made to save Cardinal, and his wife sent a most touching letter to f-ady Colborne. It was of no avail. The last scene of bidding adieu between him and his family was heart-rending as the Historian of this period, .Mr. L. (). David, justly says in his late interesting work from wliich the Author here acknowledges to have gained, as from former works of his, a great deal of information : ' Quand I'heure fatale de la separation sonna d I'horloge de la prison, quand ils se donnerent dans un long sanglot le baiser de I'^lernel adieu, ils etaient plus morts que vivants.' At last the fatal day arrived. It was a gloomy, cold, cheerless morning. The sun was as it were ashamed to shine ; massive clouds iloated like funeral trappings all over Montreal. Nine o'clock arrived. The procession wended its way from the condemned cell on to the scaffold. The friends of the prisoners and others recited the Deprofnndis. One great cry arose from the assembled thousands round the walls and gate. The trap fell and Cardinal was launched into eternity. Joseph Duquette had a more tragic end. He was quite a boy, not yet twenty- one years of age. Everything i)Ossible was done to mitigate his sentence. Even the Indians of Caughnawaga, regretting their haste arresting Cardinal and Duquette, sent a beautiful petition to Sir John Colborne, but in vain, he suffered the same day as Cardinal. One of those horrible spectacles sometimes seen at executions happened to him. The cord was badly adjusted round his throat and became disarranged. They saw the body of the unfortunate young man swinging from right to left and strike violently the wood work of the scaffold. Some one called out ' pardon, pardon,' but this was of no use. The executioner hardly knowing what to do, seizing the cord, brought back the body upoji the scaffold and at last all was over. On the 2cth December, 1838, L. E. Drummond, afterwards the well-known Judge Drummond, sent a most pathetic letter to His Excellency Sir John Colborne, to arrest the execution of Cardinal and Duquette, stating therein that they had been illegally condemned, and proving the facts by declaring their actions during the uprising. Besides the last named was not a major in the eye of the law, as Duquette was not twenty-one years of age. But all seems to have been in vain as they both suffered execution." 288 r.AZKTTEKR OK MONTREAL. ROHEKT, HAMKLIN, DKCOKINK, A. SANGUINET AND CHARLES SANGUINET. " The prisoners Robert, Hamclin ;iiid tlio two Sanguincts were accused of having taken part in tlie expedition against La Tortue and the deatii of the unfortunate Walker, and for this they suffered death. On tlie iSth January, these four with Decoigne, alscj condemned to suffer deatli, marched willi steady tread from their cells to the scaffold, wiiere they were hanged in a row. J. J. Robert was the leader of a band of insurgents who, on the 3rd November, endeavored to disarm the Loyalists at St. Philippe, St. Constant and Laprairie, and had besieged the house of Mr. Walker. He was a farmer of St. l'hili])pe. His j)Osition and character and age were sufficient to make him a leader among the ])alriots of his parish. He had long been an admirer of I'apineau, and was one of the first who had remitted to the Authorities his Commission as a Captain of Militia. On the morning of his execution he consoled his companions in the condemned cell, and prayed both for them and for his country. Efforts was made for a res|)iie of his sentence by his friends on account of his age, but in vain. F. X. Hamelin was a Lieutenant in the company of which Robert was Captain. He had taken an active part in the attack of Mr. Walker's house, when Walker was killed. Hamelin was quite a boy, not more than eighteen years of age, and as in the case of Duquette, strenuous efforts were made to save him on account of his youth, but all in vain. Frightened at first with the fear of death, he afterwards maintained a calm demeanor during all the fearful preparations, and having received the last rites of the Church, and [)itiei by everyone, he bravely died, as he firmly believed, in the discharge of his duty and for his country. The two Sanguinets were brotliers, and belonged to one of the oldest and most respectable families in the country. Their father was the proprietor of the Seigniory of Lasalle in the County of Laprairie. The father lost all by law. The sous had been active ever against the Crovernment, and by their energy, the unfor- tunate Cardinal had been returned as Member for their County. ]ioth were married now and highly esteemed by their fellow citizens. The one was called Ambrose, and was thirty-eight years old when he suffered; the other, Charles, was thirty-six. They were both in the company of Robert, one as Captain, the other as Lieutenant. Decoigne was a notary of Napierville, married, and twenty four years of age. He was condemned on account of being one of the chiefs in the camp of the Patriots at Napierville. Expecting to escape, as the proof against him was feeble, he received the news on the 12th January to prepare to die on the i8th with calm resignation, and on that day he expired as the others, fortified by the rites of his Church, and the feel- ing that what he had done was for his country." GAZKTIEER JK MONTREAL. 289 NARHONNK, NlCUl-AS, DAUNALS, inNI)i:LAN(i ANO UkI.OUIMIEK. " At their execution, I5tli l''el)riiary, 18,59, another of those disgusting spectacles hap- pened as in the case of poor Duipiette. When the rope was placed round the throat of Narhonne, and the execution about to take place, on account of one of his arms having nearly been cut off when a child, and the executioner having neglected sufficiently to secure the other, the poor soul, when the trap fell (his arms becoming loose) seized the cord and suspended himself both by his mainitd and whole arms. Twice they had to let go their hold and twice Narbonne seized the cord. At last after this bungling and sad spectacle, death kindly came and terminated his sufferings. At the same time was executed a Quebecer n mud Nicolas. After the battle of Odellown, he was taken prisoner, when he had wanderetl nearly half-starved and frozen, into a miserable cottage, and sent under a strong escort to the (laol of Montreal. Having been condemned, he was executed witli the otiier four on the 15th February, 1839. On the iSth Janu.iry, when he arrived at the prison of Montreal, he passed under the gallows wiiere a few hours before the five unfortunates and his friends, Decoigne, Robert, the two Sanguinets and Hamelin had been executed. One of the guards tiien said to him : ' Look at the roi)es, one of them is wailing for you.' Nicolas quickly replied: 'I will die as I have lived, a Patriot.' Only eight iiours elapsed from the arrest of Nicolas till he was court-martialed and condemned to death. He, on the 15th February, mounted witli his com|)anions tiie steps of the scaffold with a fum tread, and when on the platform spoke to tlie crowd, the substance of which has been much debated about ever since. Some say he expressed regret at the part he had taken in the rebellion, whilst others say, according to all trustworthy accounts his last words were the following: — 'Je ne regrette qu'une chose, c'est de mourir avant d'avoir vu mon pays libre ; mais la Providence finira par en avoir pitie, car il n'y a pas un pays plus mal gouverne dans le monde.' Daunais was only twenty years of ag.', and in the last hours of his life was calm and silent, and endured without a murmur, and died without a struggle. Charles Hindelang was the only Protestant among the twelve who suffered death, during these times, by execution at theMontreal Gaol. He was not a French Canadian, but came from Paris. Originally Swiss, and for a long time residing in the Capital of France. After the affair of Odeltown, Hindelang was taken prisoner and thrown into the Montreal Oao", and on the 24lh January condemned to be hanged, but he was not executed for three weeks afterwards, as he was one of the five hanged 15th February, We find, the evening before their execution, the five prisoners obtained permis- sion to give a banquet to their other unfortunate compatriots confined in the Gaol, Hardly any one ate much, for their hearts were overcharged with sorrow, and it was, indeed, a sad and melancholy scene. After supper, DeLorimier said these words :— 290 GAZETTEER OE MONTREAL. ' Ma palric, puissc l-ellc ne jariiais oublier que nous sonimcs morts pour elle sur I'dchafaiid ! Nous avons vecu en palriotes et nous mourrons en patriotes ! A bas les tyrans ! l,eur legne acheve.' Hindelang also spoke, and in the course of an eloquent harangue lie burst out and said : — ' Oli, France, cherie, tu as regu mon premier soupir ; ton fils cpii va motirir deniain sur une terre etrangere t'ainie toujours.' On the morning of the 15th February, as he was busy writing what he would say on the scaffold, at eight o'clock the officials entered his cell and told him that the hour had come for his execution. 'Oui,' replied he, 'je suis pret, accomplissez votre oeuvre infame.' When he left his cell, he saw his friend DeLoriniier, who called to him : — ' Courage, my friend, the end draws near,' — when Hindelang replied : — ' Death is nothing for a French- man.' The prisoners then bade adieu to all their comrades and companions, and with firm steps marched on to the scaffold. DeLorimier leading the double band, followed immediately after by Hindelang, then Nicolas and Narbonne, and last the youthful Daunais. A great crowd lined all the streets and avenues leading to the Gaol. Whilst very many wept, others positively laughed at the awful spectacle. Arrived on the scaffold, when all was ready, Hindelang addressed the crowd in these words : — ' Sur cet echafaud, eleve par des mains anglaises, je declare que je meurs avec la conviction d'avoir renipli mon devoir. La sentence qui m'a coii- damne est injuste, mais je pardonne volontiers a ceux qui I'ont rendue. La cav.se pour laquelle je meurs est noble et grande, j'en suis fier et ne crains pas de mourir. Le sang verse pour elle sera rachete par le sang. Puissent les coupables en porter la responsabilite ! Canadiens en vous disant adieu, je vous 16gue la devise de la France : " Vive la liberie ! " ' Having pronoimced these words with a loud and firm voice, he was launched into eternity. His body, it is believed was buried in the Military Burying Ground on the Papineau road. Hindelang was escorted to the scaffold by the late Rev. John Bethune, D.D., his spiritual adviser, who remained till the last. DeLorimier was the last of the five executed this day. He was a native of Montreal, his fiimily a noble one, and one that remained in Canada when it became a British Province. After Napierville, he w^as arrested and brouglit to the ^'^ontreal Gaol on foot, where he was tried by Court Martial, and condemned to be hanged. This sentence was carried out on the fatal 15th February. When he was about to go to the scaffold, he gave Prieur a lock of his hair, that was contained in a leWer, which rtad thus : Prison de Montreal, 15 F6vrier 1839. Cher Prieur, Vous me demandez un mot pour souvenir. Cher ami, que voulez-vous que je vous ecrive, je pars pour I'echafaud. Soyez courageux, et je meurs votre ami. Adieu. Chevalier DeLorimier. GAZETTEER OF MONl'REAI,. 29I At a qiiaitcr lo nine o'clock, DcLorimior parted with Hiiid-lang, in the presence of the gaoler, military officers and several soldiers, he saying to the execu- tioner : * 1 am ready.' He mounted the scaffold with a firm step, and when Hinde- lang had finished his address with the words • Vive la liberte,' he nodded his head, in approval of the sentiments, and almost immediately after, the sign was given, and the trap fell, and the five unfortunates were launched into eternity. A letter written to his wife, at seven o'clock of the morning of the day of his execution was found on his heart, after he was cut down, full of love and heroic sentiments, the last paragraph of which is given as a sample of the whole : — " Sois done heureuse, ma chere et pauvre femnie, ainsi que mes chers i)etits enfants, c'est le vceu le [jIus ardent de mon ame. Adieu ma tendre femme, encore une fois adieu ; vis et sois heureuse. Ton malheureux mari, Chevalier DeLorimier. I cannot close this imperfect sketch of the last sufferer on tiie scaffold for 1837- 38 with.out just stating that, within the past year or two, Colbornc avenue, next the Gaol, has had its name changed to DeLorimier avenue, after the Chevalier DeLorimier. Sir John Colborne is often spoken about, especially at .St. Kustache, after the disas- trous engagement; perhaps our fellow French citizens had this in view when they changed the name of the avenue. A beautiful monument has been erected in the Roman Catnoli'^ Cemetery of Cote des Neiges to Mieir memory, and to the lasting praise of our French Roman Catholic fellow countrymen, Hindelang's name is as conspicuous (although a Swiss and a Protestant) as any of the others. On the four sides of the splendid column's pedestal are engraved mementoes of this melancholy epoch, recording also the names of C. O. Terrault, who figured then, an Advocate and Member of Parliament, and J. O, Chenier, a Physician, who fell at St. Eustache. The oration on the occasion of the inauguration of the monument was pronounced by the late worthy Chief Justice, Sir (then the Honorable) A. A. Dorion, and speeches were also delivered by AL-. Wilfred Dorion and ALr. Hector Fabre. Thus rest till the Great Day of final judgment these twelve Patriots of 1837-3S. Let the prayer be softly said over them, Rcquiescat in Face, and let us all ever bear in mind the saying of one of ihe eaiinent Latin writers, Horace, ' Diilcc est >ri pro putrid.' I will close with an account of what took place exactly forty-four years after DeLorimier had written those beautiful words in his last letter to his wife, the night before he was hanged, and when he penned : ' O mes com[)atriotes, je vous confie mes enfants. Je meurs pour la cause de mon pays, de votre pays, ne souffrez <. a\c pas que ceux que je suis oblige de quitter souffrent de la pauvrete apres ma mort, ' And how. though tardily, this was done was seen wh.cn an article appeared in 1883, in La Tribune, of Montreal, making public that the widow and two daughters 292 GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. of DeLoiimier were living in poverty and want at the beautiful village of L'Assomp- tion, about twenty-four miles from Montreal, The effect was electrical, and stirred u]) the heart of the French community to the very core, and under the presidency of Mr. L. O. David, Mr. I^ouis Frechette, the poet, being vice-president, and the late Mayor H. Beaugrand, as secretary, subscriptions were soon raised, and a trip taken to the village, where an address and a large purse of money were given to Madame DeLorimier, Among the chief promoters, besides the above three gentle- men, were MM. Archambault, Saint-Pierre, Deseve, Madame Saint-Pierre and Mile. Peltier." SKETCHES OF CANADIAN PATRIOTS. I WILL give, on the side of the Constitutionalists, a series of short sketches as they appeared in 'The United Service Journal ' of 1838. Among the sketches from this writer of 1838, it will be seen that he speaks most kindly of several of the Patriots, but makes an egregious blunder in causing Dr. Wolfred Nelson to die in the Mon- treal Gaol. The article is given as originally printed : — " Louis Joseph Papineau is the son of Joseph Papineau, a Notary in Montreal, v.'ho is still living, although ninety years of age. He has ever been denominated by the Canadians as ' Father of the Patriots,' but not a patriot either in the spirit or sense in which it is now applied to his son. This aged individual has never been the enemy of Great Britain, neither was he opposed to the Government at a period when it was generally believed by the Canadians to be the intention of England to make innovations on the institutions and privileges guaranteed to them at the con- (juest of the country. Vet, naturally jealous and fearful of such consecjuences, he was induced to take the chair at a large iniblic meeting held on the Champ de Mars, against the then projected Union of the Upper and Lower Provinces, at which a petition was voted to the Sovereign, and afterwards signed by eighty thousand Canadians, expatiating on the blessings they enjoyed under the Constitution as it then stood, and still stands, and praying that it might remain unaltered. Such was the spirit of the aged parent of the rebel Papineau. We have I)een induced cursorily to mention him, merely to show that the revolutionary ojMuions of the son were not inculcated from early ^youlh, but nieiely the oulbreakings of a discontented mind, embittered by events and disasters of his own seeking. On the contrary, we have reason to believe that the aged Papineau earnestly endeavored to check the rebellious jjrinciples exhibited by the son in all his actions lor several years past, being fully convinced that he was guided and governed in all his extra- vagant and rebellious designs far more from vanity and ambition than from any con- viction that his patriotism, so called, could lead to the welfare of his country, or that he had the means or ability of carrying his measures into effect. The individual we have here alluded to is about forty-nine years of age, and of mild and courteous manners, which have no similarity with his opinions or a[)pear- GAZEl'TKEK OK MONTREAI-. 293 ance. In height he is al)oiit five feet eight, and inclining to cmbonpobit. His features, which are prominent, have something of the Jewish cast, wiiich is much added to by his dark hair and eyebrows, wliich are thick and arclied, giving much fire to the eye. He is undoubtedly a man of much information, and in society his conver- sational powers are most fascinating. It cannot but be deplored that an individual so gifted should be led by motives of ambition to seek his own ruin, instead of employing his talents for the benefit of his fellow men. The Commander-in-Chief of Louis Papincau's rebel army is named l>ROWX, who appears, if we may judge of his speedy abandonment of the fi)rces undt.M- his com- mand, to have as much mistaken his calling as the cause which has joined him with the great Canadian chief. I'his individual, denominated General Urown, is an American, but very unlike the American portion of the .Montreal community, who, it is but justice t3 say, have always been as true to tlie cause of Great Britain as the most loyal of her subjects, which, by-the-by, is another argument to the i)rejudice of Mr. Papineau. General Brown is a miserable sijualid-looking person, of short stature and con- temptible appearance ; his countenance being stami)ed with an expression of dis- content, meanness, and indecision of character in mind — in fact, by his own country- men he would be termed a 'crooked cretur.' Not long before the rebellion he became a bankrupt ironmonger, and thus having nothing to lose, but everything to gain, he placed himself at the head of the factious army. In this capacity, how- ever, he proved himself unworthy the confidence of the poor deluded victims whom he and his leader Papineau had seduced into their service. A character not less conspicuous is Doctor Wolired Nelsov. His person was handsome and manly ; in height about six feet ; and his disposition was far more determined, courageous and active th i any of his brother traitors ; and had he been well sui)ported, he would have proved a dangerous and powerful enemy. This individual was the son of an Knglishman of high respectability, who formerly kept a school at Sorel. He married early a Canadienne, and settling at St. Charles, the hot- bed of democracy in that section of the country, and being possessed of talent, intel- ligence, and energy, he was sought out, fiattered, and caressed, until at length falling into the snare, he became the tool of the factious party, until, hurried on step by step, he fell a victim to ultra-liberal oi)iniDns, and having had leisure to brood over his follies and disappointed ambition as an inmate of the prison at Montreal, died within its walls, a sacrifice to the cowardice and ill-advice of his flatterers, and his own weakness. Doctor O'Callaghan may rank next amongst the list of factious heroes. This gentleman is the ci-devant editor of Louis Papineau's gazette, mis-termed ' The Irish Vindicator,' and the coadjutor of the traitor chief in every thing that was vile and miserable. He was first known in Canada as the apothecary at the Montreal 294 GAZKTTEER OF MONTREAL. Hospital, which place he left for Quebec — being at that period an Ultra-Tory in every sense of the word. Having persecuted the then Governor, Lord Aylmer. with constant applirations ibr lucrative employment, without success, he forsook his old calling. Dissatisfied and inconsistent, he offered himself as an agent for Canadian agitation, and ultimately succeeded in being appointed by Mr. Papineau editor of ' The Irish Vindicator,' in which situation he catered fully for the seditious tastes of his employer. His advance was afterwards as rapid as his fall. Rewarded for his democratic scribbling by a scot in Parliament, he there made himself conspicuous by taking a part ])rominently and diametrically opposite to that with which he had hitherto sided. He then proceeded with his patron to the action of St. (Jharles, from wb.ence lie accompanied him to his secret hiding-place in the United Slates, and neither the one nor the other have since been heard of. Doctor CoATES, of L'Acadie, another prominent rebei, the chief of that district, is a man of about thirty-five years of age, and a member of the Provincial Parliament. He is, however, a man of little ability, and still less personal courage, strength of mind, or fitness to head any party whatever but is a fit associate for those with whom he has connected himself. Another far more talented individual is Mr. SfiORE Milne Bouchette. He is the son of the Surveyor-Cieneral, and a young man of not more than twenty-five years of age, of courteous and distinguished manners and address, If it may be termed dis- tinguishing himself in such a cause, he did so ; for he fought bravely at Missisipioi Bay, and was taken after being severely wounded, and his unhappy fate may be ter- minated before his career had well begun. He is now in the Prison of Montreal, and is to be rcgrettctl that one so promising should have been betrayed into his present diflficullies under promises of great preferment and reward. GiR(3UARii is well known from his height, which is above six feet. He is also of dark comi)lexion, with jet-black hair and eyes. This leader is by profession a notary, and has always been known as a thorough Revolutionist at heart. Since his discom- fiture at Grand Brule he has been taken by Mr. Simpson, the Collector of Customs at Coteau du Lac, who is stepfather to Mr. Roebuck, although entirely differing from him in political opinions. M. Du.MoucHEi,, of St. Benoit, or Grand Brule, is also one of the principal promoters of the Rebellion, which is die more to be regretted as he can boast of more than sixty years of age, many of which he has passed in the bosom of his fiimily, and surrounded by the most peaceful peasantry in the world. He has also been rich in fortune and prosperity, both of which have hitherto been deserved as amassed by his own labors and honest exertions. Alas I tJiat his overwrought Republican opinions should, at the close of a long life, have led him to connnit those offences against the law of his country which must terminate in his own ruin and the sacri. fice of his valuable property. GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 295 GiROD, frequently confounded wilh and mistaken for Girouard, was a Swiss. He went to Canada about six years ago as an adventurer, thrust himself upon the notice of the Government as having imported into the province a new system of agriculture peculiarly adapted to the Canadian farmer, and requesting assistance to carry his plan into effect ; but not meeting with the encouragement he anticipatedi he conceived he might turn his talents to more advantage by joining the rebels ; and being unsuccessful with them at Grand Brule, he retreated to I'ointe aux Trembles where he put an end to his republican s';hemes and adventures by blowing out his brains. The IJrilish settlers in this part of the Montreal district had, from the connncucc- ment of the revolt, been so persecuted and annoyed by the Canadians, nay, even driven from their homes, and that during the most inclement season of the year, diat it is not surprising when they found themselves in a position to retaliate, ihcy should have inflicted on the inhabitants of St. luistache and Grand "JJrule that severe degree of retributive vengeance which they experienced from the hands of the loyal- ists, but which the Queen's troops (to whom have been falsely attributed those acts of severity) endeavored, with their wonted forbearance, to prevent. True it is that the small force under the orders of Colonel Wetherall, at the battle of St. Charles on the Chambly River, were directed by that gallant ofticer to follow up their successes by those decisive and rig(jrous measures which dictated the necessity of destroying the property of the principal traitors in that quarter ; but when we consider the very critical situation of that brave and little band, surrounded as they then were by an extensive disaffected p()[)ulation marcliing upon them from all sides, no alternative remained but to employ sucii measinx's as shoidd frighten the traitors from their rebellious purpose, wh.ich, to persons unacquainted with the true state of that ])art of the country, may have api)eared harsh and uncalled for, yet, upon dispassionate retU'clion, nuist i)e deemed most merciful and salutary, resulting, as they did, in staying the progress of the rebellion, and thereby preventing that effusion of human blood which nnist u'lavoidably have ensued had the warfare been protracted, and the deluded habitants not have retired to their homes as they did, and that very rapidly, on learning the fate of their misguided compatriots ; besides which, it has been posi- tively ascertained that, had the expedition under Colonel Wetherall failed, the revo- lution would then have been complete, as the entire Canadian people, flushed wilh the check the troops under Colonel Gore experienced from the Patriot foice at .St. Denis, were only waiting a similar result at St. Charles to rise en masse. There are now ai)Out 270 prisoners in the Montreal Prison under a charge of high treason, among whom are some persons of res[)ectable standing in society, but who have long been among the most active partisans of the great rebel Papineau, and are now implicated as concerned in the councils of that plot which was to destroy the coimection now subsisting between Canada and Great J3ritain. The UKJSt intUr ential person of this party is Mr. Louis Michel Viger, commonly called ' Jieau Viger,' from possessing a very handsome and prepossessing person and mien. He 296 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. is about fifty years of age, a lawyer by profession, a nieml.'er of the Provincial Par- liament, and brother of the Hon. Denis V. Viger, well known at the Colonial Office as a Canadian Ambassador, and to be remembered by those Ministers whom he has not failed to fatigue with his favorite theme of Canadian grievances. The said Mr. Louis Michel \'iger was president of a recently established institution in Montreal styled ' La ]}anque du Peuple,' whose notes were peculiarly stamped on blue paper, and inscribed in the French language, for the purpose, as it was stated, of causing a ready circulation of money among the habitants, wh.o, ))rior to the forma- tion of this in^;titution, refused ])aper-money of any description. But subsequent events have caused it to be suspected that the projectors of this bank had a deeper scheme in view, as it is now supposed to have been originated for the purpose of according facilities to the rebel army ; and i\[r. Louis Michel Viger stands now com- mitted, charged with having made large advances and otherwise assisted the rebel cause. There is also in company with him, in the same prison, Mr. Come Ciierrier, a lawyer of eminence, and member also of the Provincial Parliament, a young man of promising abilities, but who, unfortunately for himself, has employed them in the cause of sedition and rebellion, for which he is now under confinement. It is, how- ever, believed, thai he had been betrayed into this error by tiie natural bias of attach- ment to his lUicle, Papineau. But among the extensive group of accused rebels there is one, who was arrested at Quebec at the commencement of the revolution, more specious, artful and dangerous than any of them. This person, who has con- trived to get admitted to bail, is Mr. Arthur Norbert Morin, the last missionary of the Canadian faction to the British Government, whose evidence before a committee of the House of Commons on Canadian affairs has recently appeared in some of the leading public journals of the Metropolis, and who, prior to his mission, had the dar- ing audacity to appear before the Governor of Canada, with the other members of the House of Assembly, decorated with a tricolor riband, which was a clear indica- tion of the revolutionary principles he then entertained, and of his hostile feelings towards (ireat Britain. Tiie period must, however, shortly arrive when these parties will all be heard in defence of the crimes for which they stand accused, when they will have awarded to them that justice which they severally merit." J. r,. AKCIIAMHAII.T. y.C. GAZETTEER OF MONTRKAF,. 297 JOSKPll LOUIS ARC1IAM15AULT, (^.C, Was born at Varennes, 19th June, 1849. ^^'^ father was J. N. A. Archambault, Notary Public, of \'arL'nnc.s, who had for yeais been a member and president of the Provincial Board of Notaries, Quebec. His mother. Dame Aurelie Mongeau, of Verch^res, from her ancestors, is one of the most ancient families established in this Province. He was educated in the College of St. Myacinthe, where he obtained great success. He was then a student in the law office of Cartier, Pominville & Jknournay, in Montreal, 'look his degree of B.C.L. at McGill University, 31st March, 1871, and was admitted to the Bar of Quebec, nth July, 1871, at twenty-two years of age. tie married iMnestine, eldest daughter of the late Senator Rolland, of the Ellectoiai Division of Mille Isles. Soon after his admission to the Bar he went into a partnership with the Hon. J. A. Chapleau, now Minister of Customs in the Dominion Government, and the late Hon. J. A.Mousseau, late Prime Minister of Quebec, andJ.S.C. of this Province. At the appointment of the late Hon. Mr. Mousseau to the IJench, Mr. Archambault formed a new jjartnership with the Hon. W. W. Lynch, late Commissioner of the Crown Lands Department, Quebec, and now a Judge of the Superior Court, and G. H. Bergeron, M.P., the present Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada, and P. B. .Nlignault, advocate, a former student in his office. The career of Mr. Archambault as a legal member of the Bar has been one marked with continuous success and great devotit)n to the interests of his profession. From his first start in his profession he has been entrusted with very important cases in all the Courts of this Province and the Dominion, and even in the Privy Council in England, whither he had been twice called to argue two important cases. He was appointed a Q.C. by the Dominion Government on the 18th February, 1887, before leaving on his second trip to England for professional business before the Privy Council. This was a well-deserved reward, and a compliment paid to his legal attainments and ability. He has always stood one of the most foremost re/or- mators of his profession, and interested himself in all the good and efficient work of the legislation dealing with the Bar of the Province. He was appointed a member of the Council of the Bar in 1889. Mr. Archambault has the reputation of being fully versed in the history and literature of his country. His contributions to the literature of Canada are scattered in a great many pamphlets and periodicals. One of the most important of his works is a legal study on the vexed question of the Laval University and School of Medicine difficulty. Mr. Archambault never entered into politics. A staunch Conservative, he always took an active part in the political struggles of his party. At three different times when the Cartier Club was the only political Conservative Association of the Province, he has been unanimously appointed its President. Mr. Archambault is of very amiable disposition. His turn of mind and char- agS (;azettekr of Montreal. acter bring to him men of all classes of society and of all political shades. He is yet in the prime of life, and if circumslances permit he will be a marked man in the future, whether in the ])ursuit of a public career or in the higher ranks of his pro- fession. Mr. Archambault has lately been appointed Crown I'roseculor for the Dis- trict of Montreal. WILLIAM WOragg a rendu, comme on le voit, de grands services a la science en Canada. Les connaissances geologiques de notre S(}1 ne font iiiie commencer a i)ercer; c'est une etude neuve encore pour nous. Nous ne pouvons (jue gagner en etudianl des couches de noire terrain el la composition de nos terres. " [,es travaux de J>ogan, Dawson, Hunt, IJillings, Bagg, et de (pielques aulrcs encore, ont deblaye en parlie la route, mais le champ qui nous est ouvert est encore vaste et spacieux; entrons y courageusement, et bientot la geologic et I'archeologie seront en Canada sur le meme pied que I'histoire." ANDREW ROBERTSON Was a Scotchman by birth, having been born in Paisley, Scotland, on the i8lh fune, 1827. He was the eldest and only son (jf the late Alexander Robertson, of Paisley, by his tirst wife. Grant Stuart Macdonald. Mr. Robertson received his education at the Paisley Grammar School, going through the usual curriculum of Knglish, Latin and Greek. Shortly after leaving school, like the majority of Scotch boys, he learned a trade, that of weaving. He went, in 1840, to Glasgow to push his fortune. Here he served for four years in a dry goods store, and then took a position in a manufac- 302 GAZKI'TKKR OK MONTKKAL. Hirer's cslablishinenl. In lliis new pt^siiiun he worked hard, and luiving gained the confidence of Iiis employers, lie was four years al'lerwards, in 1848, admitted a partner in the business. A i'cw years later on, his liealtii having given way, he was admonished by his medical adviser to leave Olasgovv, and try the efLcts of eiilier the climate ^f Australia or ("anada on his enfeebled constitution. He decided on the latter country, and along with his wife and two sons <:ame to Montn-al in 1853. Shortly after his arrival he went into the dry goods business, and S(jon became one of the leadiig men in the trade, as senior partner in the firm of Robertsons, l.inton iS: Co., of that city. Business having succeeded, Mi. Robertscjii was enabled to retire from it in 1885, and afterwards enjoyed other an;! p ■rli ips more c iii^ ;ni,il pirsuiis. l};iiii; a public- spirited gentleman, he never shirked his iesp -iilre:.. Light infantry Company. Mr. Robertscjii was an adherent of the Presbyterian Church ; ;ind as for jiolitics, we think he would rather act the part (jf the Cood Samaritan than indulge in political discussions, lie was married on the 19th April, 1850, to Agnes, youngest daughter of the late Alexander Bow, of (llasgow, and died a few years ago. DKNNl.S I'.ANin', IJ.C.L., Takks rank among the most distinguished Irishmen of Montreal. Born in the City of Cork in the year 1835, he, early in life, emigrated from Ireland to America witli his lather, James JJarry, who is still living at Rcjckwood, Onl. Mr. Barry began his education at the common scIhjoI and cijiitimied his studies at Rockwood Academy. Subsecpiently he went through a classical course at Regiopolis College, Kingstf^n, Ont. Studied Theology for some time at the Grand Seminary and at Laval University, and Law at McCill University, where he graduated as I5.C.L. JOntered the volunteer service of Canada as iaeiitenant in the St. Jean Baptiste Company, Montreal, M. W. Kirwan, Captain, in 1877; was promoted to the captaincy of the same company and remained in command thereof till the ccjrps was merged in the 85th JJattalion, when he retired; went through the Military School, Montreal, and obtained the certificate Uial entitled liiin to his rank. Has been President of St. Patrick's .Society of Montreal for four years consecutively. Is PastT'resident of the Young Men's Reform Club of Montreal. Has taken an active part in political contests, both Pro- OAZKTTl'.KR Ob MoMKKAL. 303 viiicial and I''c(li;r;il ; also in Municipal aff.iirs, having been an unsuccessful cai'didatc for Alderman in Si. Ann's Ward, Montreal, in iSSa. Since his adojiliou of the pro- fession of the I-aw, Mr. IJarry has resided al Mf)ntreal, where he has achieved a very high position. He was particularly noted as a, nisi /;v«.y ])ractitioni r, and con- ducted a larg: 'unioer of famous cases successfully. As a speakei', Mr. IJarry is not surpassed ;it a IJar distinguished for the oratorical abilities of its nieuibers, whilf, in his addresses before |>opular audiences, he comes up to the best standard of the times. He married, in 1869, Kathleen, daughter of tlie late Michael Morg.in, merchant, of Sorel, P.O. A year or two ago he was raisc'l to the position of (jue of the .Stipendiary Magistrates of Montreal, which onerous occupation he fills with every mark of approbation of the jiuijlic, and his decisions in the Court are lareU' ap[)ealed against. ANDklAV IKEDliKICK GAULT. " I.N' evi.-ry branch of business and in every profession throughout the world there are always some num wluj, by natural force of character, conspifuious ability, or marked in(hviduality, reach and maintain a commanding |)osition. I'oremosl among the merchant princes of Canada stands the name of .A . V. (laull, senior member of the firm of (jaiilt ISros. iV Co., wholesale (b'y goods, .Montreal. l'\w men in this country are mon; widely knf)wn, or exercise a more |)Owerful intluence in commercial circles than Mr. (jault. He was born in a village near .Strabane, Ireland, in iS,^3, and arrived in Montreil when in his boyhood. There he attended the High .School for a short while and afterwards was employed in a wholesale clothing house. In 1S54, when com'paralively a young man, he started in the wholesale dry goods business in ])artn(.'rshii) with the late .Mr. J. 15. Stevenson, imder the name of (jault, Steven- son iS: ('o. After a few years the: firm dissolved partnership and Mr. Clault was joined by his brotluu-, Robert 1... the firm's name being changed to (iaultI5ros_ Shortly aft<;r .\Ir. Samuel i'"niley, a brother-in-law, was admitted to partnership, and the name was changed to Gault I5ros. iV Co., under which it has been in existence for about thirty years. Mr. Finley retire)tton Company of Urantford, Onl. ; Kingston Cotton Company, Kings ton, Ont. ; Moncion Cotton ('ompany, Moncton, N.J}. ; Nova Scotia Cotton Com- l)any, Halifax, N.S. ; and the Windsor Cotton Company, Windsor, N.S, Desides 304 (".AZF/ri i".i:k ok monikeai,. this lie is President of llic MoiUic.il ('olloii (,'()iii|);iny of Viillcyfield, (hie, ; of tiie Stormoiit C.'olloii Company of ('ornwall ; of tlu; Monlmorcnci C'otlon M.iniif.'ic.lurinf; ("oniitany, (^)iie. ; of the (Ilolje Woollc i Mills ('oni|);iny, .Nfonlrcal ; of lh<; Tienl Valley Woollen Manufacturing Company of Camphellford, Onl. Notwithstanding this Ireinendous res|)onsil)ilily his restless activity and unceas- ing energy enable him to give a portion of hi • lime to other niMtters. lie is a Direc- tf)r of the ('ily and District Savings M.ink, .■■id tin; laverpool, London and (llohe Insmance (Company, and is also cf)nnccted with all the leading hcnevolcnt societies, in which he has always taken a deep ,ind practical interest. In e(!ucational miittLMS he has always taken a prominent jjarl, being one of the (iovernors of McCiill Co.'i'ge. It is largely due to his benellcence that the Montreal Diocesan (!ollege owes its existence, as the college building w;is presented by him to the Lord liishop of Mon- treal some years ago. lie is one of tlu; leading members, if not admittedly the lend- ing member, of the (,'hurch of I'aiglind in Montreal, and was onci; lr(;asurer of the Synod, lie has nevi;r sought municipal or political honors, but has more than once been the clioict; of the Liberal ( 'oiiservative Party as tlu;ir standard bearer for .Mon- treal W'St, but has always di'clined ih- honor, lie has also been the unanimons choice oi the ciiizeiis foi' Mayor, but declined that hon)r ,ilso. I lis residence on Sherbrooke stri.i;t is oiu; of the fnu'st in the city, and is look(;d n|)on as oni; of the priiK'.ipal sights of (Canada's coininiM'ci.il centre. Perhaps one of tlu; most prominent features of his characlt'r, and which has in no small degree cont ributi;(l to his exc(;p- lionally mark(;(l success, is a ca])acity for viewing tlu; nu)st complicated or most exciting uf business matters with a calm aiul philosophic spirit. His callers are nuiniMDUs, and .ilthough, owing to tlu; inulli])licity of his duties, his tinu; is nu):it valuable, he is always the genial and courteous gentleman, ready to listen but (pii( k to decide. It is unnecessary to say that he is (;steemed by all classes in his adojited city, and no man occupies a more honored place iti the regard of (Jana.dian business men than ho does." M. II. CAUI.!'. TiiK Caults came from Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland. His father was Leslie Cault, and his mother .Mary Hamiltoti, Terra House, l)oneg:d. .Mattlu'W was twt;nly- oni' when he came to ('anada, aiui settled in Montreal, where lu; engagei' in the Insmance biisiiu'ss. He wa for some years connected with the liritish American Assuraiu;(; ( 'omp.niy, tlu; Royal Insurance (Jompany, aiul lue Mutual Life l.'isi'rance Company of New N'ork. He was interested in many iiulustries, aiul at one time was President of the .Montreal Loan and Mortgage Company, Vice-President of tlu; Sun Insurance (]om|iany, aiul the Montreal Mining Company. He was a Director of the Kichelieii and Ontario Navigation (a)mpany, the Windsor Hotel Company, and the Ilochelcga ( !otton Company, etc. He was one of the foiindersof the Irish Pro- test.iiit Itenevolent Society, and took an active part in the Volunteer movement. In 1S78, he was elected M. P. for Montreal West, and continued so to the day ofhis death, which occurred some years ago. He married the only daughter of the late Ceorge Hrowne, of Montreal, in 1.S5.}. HON jrix I', l)l Atlor- nvy Cuicnii lor l,o',vt"r C;in;i(I;i, was one of the mosL promincnl Cailiolir, Irislniicii in ^-''"'"'•'- '•'"•" '" ''^'-S. ;it Colcniine. whrrc In; was well -round,-,! in I'ln-lj,], .u,,! -\I.illicm,ili(;s, he was, ,il ihc a,:,'c of twrlvr, wliil.j <:n,s.lM- Un: All.niliV. cnlriislcl will, soni,: ri'sponsil.lr .-alcul;!! ions of the ship's courv l.y 1 he oaplai;:, wiio w,is too unwell to work .Mil the li-nres Inmsc-lf. At fairteen, havin- leirne.l freneh in the interval, he w;i,s sent to the Canadian Seiiiiniry of Xieolet, near 'I'liree Rivers. 'I'here he was Mie lirsl to intro(hi, he answered: " Remote preparation, eighteen years; i^roximate, half an hour." in S4i. for ()\ford County in (."anadian Assembl)', when he was defeated in 1844. Returned again for same county, 1S47 ; again in 1S5'. and also for Niagara, but elected to sit for Oxford. Retnined for Renfrew. 1854, and retired in 1S55, when appointed Ciovernor of the A\'in(lward Ishinds. ( )ii again accepting office returned in 1.S69 for Noith Renfrew, which he represented till close of rarlinmcnl. Returned for N'inicouver ;it the (leneral Flections of 1.S71. lie was I'resideiil of the Confederation Fife Insurance Co. of Canada, and a member ofCotnicil of Koyal Colonial Institute, Fondon, I'.ngland. Fie was also the aullnn- of vaiious pamphlets on jjublic affairs. Was President of the Irish Protestant Jieiievoleiit Society for 1S74. He was also President of the City Rank. His death was very melancholy, hiniiig the epidemic of .Small-Pox. he was seized^, and dying in a lew days, was buried at once without any funeral or parade. Sir fidiisif }^/tir/(t Diiindi. DRL'MMOND, M(( ALL C- CO. 'Fhk mercliant department of the firm of Drummond, McCall iS: Co. was established by Ceo. F. Drummond and James 'F. IMcCall in July. 18.S1. Mr. 'Ihos. J. Drnmmond being admitted a partner two years later. Vox several years after starting l)usiiiess die firm c;)nfined its operations to an imiiorting business ])riiicipally of Scotch and Faiglish pig iron and heavy metals. 'Fheir business increased steadily until in this (]e])art- ment they to-day liave customers in almost every village and town from St. Jcjlin t(j Vancouver, as well as a considerable trade in the Western I'nited States. Their ccnnection with the Iron 'Pride of Creat iSrilain is and always has ieeii exceptionally good. Among the Rrilish firms, the sale of whose products the) control in the Canadian and Wesicrn United States market, may be mentioned • Messrs. William Dixon, Ftd.. Clasgow, makers of '' Calder " and ''(io\an '' jiig iron. 'i"he Summerlee iS: Mossend Iron and Steel Co., Clasgow, makers of •' Sum- merlee " pig iron and " Mossend" steel. Fred. JJraby (S: Co., Ltd., London, Liverpool and Clasgow. Seeljohm iV Dieckstahl, Danneniora Steel Works, Sheffield. James FLadic tS: Sons, Rutherglen, Scotland, makers of boiler tubes, etc. 'J he establishment of the National Policy, in 1885, led the firm to turn their attention, to manufacturing, and they decided to take a iiand in building up the natural industries of their country. 'Fheir first steps in this direction was the estab- lishment of the Montreal Car Weel Co., with extensive Works at Lachine, (^iie. In this enterprise the firm associated with themselves .Mr. P. H. CrifFm of IJuffalo, N.V.. c; AZKI'I KKR OK MoNIRKAI.. 309 Prt'sidL'iil ol the New NOrk (!iir Wliccl AVoiks, and ))robal)ly the foicmost expert on (!]hille(l Car Wlieel making in America. 'J'iie quality of tlie wheels produced at l/ichine is amply attested by the fact that they are now in daily use on the following; roads : Cana(Jian Pacitlc Ry., Intercolonial Ry., Kini^ston \' I'embroke Ry., Canada Atlantic Ry., (Quebec and Lake St. John Ry., Canada Ivistern Ry., I'untiac Pacific Ry., Napanee ;iiid 'lamworth Ry., Rathbun la'nes, Montreal and Western Ry., Ottawa and (latineau Ry., Prince Kdward Island Ry. and Quebec, Montmorency and ('harlevoix Ry, 'i'he " .Machined " wheel (absolutely mechanically correct) made by the Mon- tre.il Car Wheel Co. as a specialty, is now tlndinp; u larye sale, and it is safe to predict that in lime its undoubted merits will lead railroad men to discard the rough unfinished wheel hitherto used in freight and i),issenger service and replace it with "Machined"' wheels. 'I'he Montreal Car Wheel C'o. tram wheels are finding a market in Scotland and J^igland, wlu're tlieir pec.iliar excellence is much aii[)reci,ited. This speaks well for the future of Canacban manufactures. The success attained in ihe mmufactnre of car wheels led Messrs. Drum- niiind. .McC^all iV Clo. and iheir associates to investigate into ilu possibility of estab- lishing ill ('aiiada a i)laiit for the mimifaclure of their raw material, viz., chircoal pig iron from native ori's. Investigation led to action, and in iSSy the firm, to- gether with a few .American and English capitalists, form .'d the C.wada Ir )\ I''n';xA( r, Co., l/i'i>., iindi.'r Charter of the Dominion of (Canada, and ]'urchased from the Instate of the I ue (i. P. Hall the celt'brated Radnor forges of the 'I'liree Rivers Distiici. together witli the villau'i' of l^'eiinoiit (now peopled by the workmen of the Company). I- ic a-la-'l"oitue (one of liie largest hike, oie d-posits in the world), and some fifty thousand acres of bog ore rights in the tl.'strii-l of Three Rivers, Coiiiil) of Si. .Mauric'', (^haniplain, Centilly, etc., etc. In addiiion lo this the Companv purchas'.'d c:)nsideral)le properly at Ciandes Piles, the lerminiis of the Canadian Pacilic Railway Grandes Piles Line, together with the great w iter power at the point, and also ai;([iiireil wheel foundry proiierly and wharf a.i Three Rivers, the latter lo be utilized fi)r shipping purposes. I''or the past two years the Company has operated the ohl stone slack at Radnor forges in an experimenlal manner, seeking t'> thoroughly establish, by careful tests made at their own wheel works and elsewhere, dv (['.lalily of the cliarcoal iron ))ro- duced from the bog and lake ores of the Three Rivers District. These test:, have been eminently satisfactory, and have proved the peculiar excellence of the iron. Castings have been |)roduccd of greater strength than could b-' procured from Amer- ican charcoal iron of the very highest (luality, not even excepting the world fam')Us Salisbury charcoil iron of the LTnited Slates. The (pieslion of quality thoroughly established, the work of building and equipping a new furnace (modern in every way) was commci.ced, and to-day the work of construction is so far progressed that ere long Canada will have, for the first time in her history, a charcoal furnace of iiiodeiii design and of such capacity as will allow of nitive charcoal iron competing with the .American product for the home market. 3IO GAZKTTKKR LV MONTKKAL, It is to be hoped llial Canadian funiulcrs will extend to this native industry a hearty support, and that Canadians generally will appreciate and aid the effort that is being made to establish the cliarcoal iron industry within their borders. When it is considered that almost seven-eighths of the actual cost of pig iron is spent in lai)or. the imi)orlance of eslablisjiing and fostering in Canada sueh an industry as the one in question will be patent to everyone. Aside from the above mentioned enterprises established by the fiim, the DiUM- mond-MiCall Pli'K J'oUNDRV Co. has lately been formed (under Dominion Charter) for the purpose of manufacturing water and gas pipe. The works are located at Lachine, immediately adjoining the Car Wheel Foundry, 'i'iie capacity of the Piiic Works will be some fifty tons of iron pipe (of all dimensions) ])er day. 'I'lie latest pattern and in^'^ntions have been adopted in the e(iui])ment of the shop, and it will compare favorably with the best Pipe J''oiuulries of the L'nited States. HON. FRANCOIS GEORGE UABY, PuiSNK Judge r)f the Court of Queen's Bench, is descended from one of the oldest French families on this Continent, its first Canadian representative was jaccpies baby dc Rainville, an officer in the celebrated regiment of Caiignan Sallieies, who first f^ettlcd in what is now the Province of (Quebec more than two hundred years ago. Various descendants of the Seigneur de Rainville liave figured conspicuously in Canadian history, and some of them have rendered distinguished services to the State. At the ])resent day the family is creditably represented in every jjiovince of the Dominion. The paternal grandfather of Judge T)a!)y was the Hon. P'ranqrois Paby, an Executive and Legislative Councillor and Adjutant-Cieneral for the Pro- vince of Quebec. His father, the late Mr. J()se])h Paby, was also a well known member of Parliament, wl-,u early in life married Miss Caroline Cuy, daughter of Hon. Louis Guy, Ring's Notary, and a Legislative Councillor of the old Province of Quebec. Judge J?aby was born in Montreal, August 26th, 1S34. After some time spent in St. Sulpice College, where he diligently prosecuted his classical studies, ATr. Baby finished his education at the College of Joliette. Here he soon made a name for himself as a student of good attainments, and succeeded in carrying off iheliigher prizes in the various de])artments of learning. At the conclusion of his College career he chose the profession whicli peculiarly suited the bent of his mind, and set himself vigorously to the study of the Law. When twenty-three years of age he was called to the Bar of Lower Canada. Li 1873, he was created a Queen's Counsel, an honor which attested the quality of his legal acquirements. For several years he was a clerk in the Civil Service of Canada, a position which provided him with the means of gathering a vast amount of information which has since i)roved most valuable to him. For several years he was ]\Layor of Joliette, and is one of the founders and most active members of the Montreal Antiquarian and Numismatic Society, and an honorary member of " L'Listitut Canadien," of Quebec. In July, 1873, he married (JAZKITKKR OK MONTRKAI,. 311 Marie Ilclonc Adelaide JJcrtlieict, daughter of the late Dr. Berthelei. His political career dates back from 1867, when he ran for the Commons for the County of joliette, when he was defeated. In i)m Stirling, Scotland. They came to Montreal, about the year 1784, with their only two children, AVilliam and Hail. Here he carried on his busines.s as a baker, flourished and bought large tracts of land in the neighborhood of tlie city, and afierwards we find him settled down at what is now called ''Logan's Farm.'" In 1794, Janet Edward, his niece, arrived from Stirling, and married her cousin \\'il'iain, who had succeeded his father in the l)usiiiess. 'I'hey had nine childrei., Mr William beini; the third eldest. His laihei' sent him to the celebrated school of Dr. Skakel. Afterwards lu' was sent to the Hi^u Scliool of Edinburgh, and then for a vear to the Universitv. At eighteen he went to I-ondon, thence to Canada, where he was impressed with his first geological ideas. Afterwards he went to Swansea, in Wales, in 1839, to be the Manager of the Copper Smelting Works, in which his uncle was interested. l"'or seven years he thus continued working at the copper and coal mines, and studying every jihase ol their formation. In 1841, he visited the coal fields of Pennsylvania and Nova Scotia in connection with the Geological Society of London. Soon after this he was appointed head of the Survey in Canada. In 1851, he had charge of the Canadian Collection, and was well received. He was also Canadian Commissioner at the Paris Exposition in 1853, and was created Knight of the Legion of Honor. Next year he was Knighted by the Queen, and al?o received the Wollaston Palladium Medal for his ])re-eminent services in Geology. He received the honorary degree of D.C.L. fiom Lennowille in 1855, and LL.D. in 1856 from McGill. He had also F.R.S.('.. given to him in 1851, and R.S.E. in 1861. He was also a member of many of the highest and most important societies, both in Europe and America. He died July 22nd, 1875, in Wales, and was buried in the churchyard of Llechryd in that principality. Sir William never married. GAZETTEER OF MONIKEAF,, ALEXANDER McGIUHOX. He is a true Montrealcr, having been l)orn at Petite Cote, near the city, on the i5ih January, 1829. His father came from Perthshire, Scotland, at tlie commencement of this century, Mr. McGibbon's early years were jiassed in agricultural pursuits, but when a mere lad he entered the employ of Mr. Neil Mcintosh, then a noted merchant of Montreal. Pull of ])ush, he in a few years oi)enf(l up busines- for himself, and con- tinued a well-known citizen till at the rebellion of f.ouis Riel he wa^ offcK .i bv tin Government and accepted a lucrative position as (,)uartermaster (iencrnl . nd Chief Transport officer of the Alberta lield force under Cent-ral Strange. After the up- rising was over, he was too valuable an officer to lose, so he now hlls the position o<' InsjK'ctor of Indian Agencies and Reserves in the North \\e>t Territories, his head- quarters being at Regina, the Capital. When he left Montreal for this last i)ost he was entertained by the citizens to a public baiupiet. a high honor but not the least uncalled for, as Mr. McGibbon had been one of the city's most prominent men forinjiiy years. He was a member of the City Council for some time, President of both the Scotch Societies here, the St. Andrew's and Caledonian, .1. Governor of the Gen* ;al Hospital and House of Refuge. In 1869, he was i)resented by the Minister and Congregation of Knox Church with a splendid testimonial, " the famous Columbus Clock and marble pedestal." lie married Harriet Davidson, and ;.ad a large fimily of children. The eldest is the well-known advocate. R. 1 ). McCJibbon OC 314 GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. IIOLT.IS SHOREY, J. V. Thk subject of this skclcli was born at IJarnston, Eastern Townships, Province of Quebec, on liie 2nd December, 1823. His fiither was Samuel 1^. Shorey, of J'lngHsli descent and a native of the United States, and his motlicr was Fanny Jones, of Three Rivers. His father had come to Canada at eight years of age. He was educated at Halley Academy, especially in a commercial course, which has been abundantly shown in the success of his after Hfe. At sixteen he began the world as an appren- tice, but when about twenty years of age, his father died and the responsibility of a large family of brothers and sisters, eight in all, fell entirely on his young shoulders. He began business for himself in Barnston, where he remained for over twenty years. He came to Montreal in 18G1, and was at first connected with the firm of Wm. Stephen & Co., at the time when the present Lord Mount Stephen was one of the i)artners. For six years he was one of the most successful traveHers, his field of operation being chiefly throughout the Eastern Townships districts, in which he made friends who continue to this day. At last getting tired of this travelling he determined to begin business for himself. In i866, he laid the foundation of one of the largest wholesale clotliing establishments in tiie Dominion. After two years he took as partner his son-in-law, E. \. Small, to assist him. After a long partnership of eigliteen years, it was dissolved, and Mr. Shorey then associated in his business liis two sons, S. O. Shorey and C. L. Shurey, who now attend entirely to tlie duties of the establishment. Mr. Shorey was for over eighteen years a member of the Council of the Board of Trade. He was Chairman of the Citizen's Committee during the small-pox epidemic, and did splendid work to alleviate the sufferings of the afflicted and remove t!ie causes which produced the disease. He was elected an Alderman for the St. Antoine AVard in 1890, and has been Acting Mayor during his incumbency. He is President of the Montreal Improvement Association ; is Vice-President of the Sani- tary Association, and also a member of the Civic Board of Health. He is a (iovernor of the Ceneral Hospital and also of llie Women's Hospital, a Director of the Dis- pensary, and also a Director of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelly to Animals. He was made a Justice of the Peace in 1887. He married, in 1844, Miss Fanny Wheeler, of Barnston, who died in 1S50. In 1 85 1, he married Miss Clara Gilson, of Vermont, U.S. He has two sons and two daughters. Tiiey are all grown up to man's estate and married, and he has no less than fifteen grandchildren. Mr. Shorey exemplifies, that a man with determination and energy is sure to succeed, that "just and righteous dealing " will always bring ts own reward, and that a sober and industrious youth will always result in a luippy (Id age GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. 315 HENRY R. GRiVY Was born December 30, 1S38, at Boston, Lincolnshire, England. Educated at " Standard Hill," the head master of which was William (ioodacre, the well-kn(jwn author of " Goodacre's Arithmetic." Afterwards he u-as articled under the old inden- ture system for five years to Wm. i^Iarch, (Chemist and Apothecary, Newark. He established his business in Montreal in 1S59. The specialties of Mr. (liay's business are the supplying of public institutions and physicians with drugs, chemicals and i)harmacenlical preparations and the dispensing of physicians' i)rescriptions. Mr. Gray has devoted himself during the last twenty years to the study of .Sani- tary Science, and jjarticularly to the sanitation of cities, and has been connected with every movement to improve the sanitary condition of Montreal. Mr. (rr;iy was one of the originators of the Pharmaceutical Association of the Province, and alter being successively Secretary, Treasurer and ^'ice-President, was elected for tiirce years in succession President and member of th.e Poard of Examiners. He was also one of the Charter Members of the Montreal College of Pharmacy, and for two years its President. In 1884, Mr. Gray was elected Alderman for the St. Lawrence Ward. Shortly after his election Mr. Gray was elected unanimously by the City Council, Chaiimaii of the Local IJoard of Health, serving in that very difficult capa- city during the whole of the clisaslroufi epidemic of small-pox which overrun the City and Province in 1S85-86. In 1885, Mr. Gray succeeded in getting a by-law through the City Council re- quiring the contents of closets and all household refuse to be cremated, and sliortly afterwards crematories were erected and a contract for five years' collection and cremation given out. After having served his term as .Aklerrnan I'or three vears, Mr. Gray declined re-election. Shortly afterwards he was appointed by the Govern- ment a Justice of the Peace, and member of the Council of Public Instruction for the Province of Quebec. When the " Public Health Act " passed the Legislature shortly after the small- pox epidemic, Mr. Gray, who had in addition to his aldermanic duties been a mem- ber of the old Central Poard of Health for the Province, was api)ointed a member of the new Public Health Poard then created, and has remained a member ever since, having been reappointed by the (iovernment of Mr. NFercier at the expiration of his first term of service. In 1885, Mr. Gray was elected " membre honoraire de la Societe d'Hygiene Francaise," of Paris, France. We may add that shortly after his retirement from the City Council, Mr. Gray was asked by a number of leading citizens of all parties and creeds to accept the nomination of Mayor, but owing to business reasons he was obliged to decline. 3 '6 GAZlilTKtR OK MONTREAI,. EDWARD PEARSON EVANS Was born in Londf^n, England, Marcli, 1825. In tlie year 1832 lie came to Canada wilji his parents. His father was a mechanical engineer. Edward was the eldest of the family, and commenced early to work for himself, his first situation being with Joseph Mackay, then doing Inisiness in the I'lace D'Armes ; he next engaged with \V. Ccmmell, clothier, where he remained for some time. He next removed to Springfield. Massachusetts, where he started business for himself which he continued for two years, but at the end of that time, finding it not as profitable as he wished, he returned to Montreal, where he entered into a i)artnership willi his old employer Mr. (iemmell. which was dissolved some lime afterwards, and he then commenced business in his own name in McClill street. In 1853, he bought the property near the corner of Si. I'cter and St. Paul streets, then known as the J'Achange Coffee House, where he erected two large warehouses, one of which he occupied as a wholesale clothing house. In the fall of 1859 he went to England to make his usual purchases, returning along with his wife, who had accompanied him on the trip, in S.S. •' Hungarian " of the .Mian Line. This ill-fated steamer was wrecked off Cape Sahle. Xova Scoiia, on the moining of the jolh i''ebruary, i860, when every soul (numbering over 400) found a watery giave. Jiy his many sterling (juaiities, com- bined with strict attention to business, he was enabled to accumulate a handsome competency with which he was always ready to assist those in distress, and many were beU'jfitted by his liberality. J .\ M 1; S S 1 1 A N ]<. Sli\ A N S Was born in .Montieal on the 3rd Mav, 1833. He was a ]»artner of the firm of Jvbvatd I'.vans \: C(J. at the time of the tleatl-i of his brother ICdward in tlie ill-fateu ste.iin.'r " Hungarian." conlinuinn the business on his own account first in I'lvans" Court, then in McCiill street, and afterwards in the new premises in S'. Henry street. He liad by strict attention to business rapidly acquired a fortune ; energetic in his business habits, his real estate operations placed him among the largest of the landed i)ro])rietors of the Island ot" Montreal. Mr. Evans' last real estate operation was the ptirchase of the magnificent prop- erty iii Diuchester street west, and known by the name of Rose Pre, and costing the large sum of $40,000. .Mr. Evans was an Honorary Director of the Victoria Mutual Insurance Com])aiiy of Hamilton, and the inventor of the •' Hotel Register," now ])atented in the United States. In 1873, the English Insurance Companies in Montreal entered into a combina- tion \o raise their rates of premiums, which actimi on the part of their offices caused Mr. Evans, himself one of the largest insurers in the <:ity, to suggest the idea of starting a new Company which might break the combination and lower the rate of insurance, hence the existence of the Koyal Canadian Insurance (Company (jf Montreal. -Mr. ]'',vans died a few weeks ago from the universal complaint " La Grippe," at the age of fifty-nine. CAZKTTuKR 01-" MONTREAI-. 517 CHURCH Ul' NOTKEDAME AND THE SENHNAKV OE MONTRI-AE. FiiE first ecclesiastics who came to Canada \v'cre four Recollcls, htout^'ht to (Quebec by (^hamplain, in 1615. Tliey weic, the Superior of the Mission, and tlic I'ailiers [oseph le Caron, Jean D'Olheai:, and Pacifiiiue Duplessis. 'J'lirce others. Jesuits, were sent out in 1625, I)y Henry 1). F-evis, Duke of \'enladour, and three nioie were added in the following year. In 1636, there were filieen Jesuit Missionaries in Canada. 'I'hose who settled in (Quebec, assisted by the (Jueen of Franct-, llu' l)u( licss of Aiguillon, and other benevolent indivii "u.ds, fcMined several establishments in that city and the neighboring country for iili[,ious instruction, the relief (jf the miserable, especially ihe sick, and the tuition of tlie young. jMontreal, which was founded in the year i642,s(j()n became the scene of similar operations. The chapel, which was a slight ami hasty structure of wood, wa.^ bv degrees improved and enlarged as the wants of the population reipnred. and was at length succeeded by a more substantial erection of stone in 1672. 'I'hissioid in what is now called the French .Sipiare, o\ I lace d'Aniics. antl occupied the middle of \otie Dame Street, standing quite across, so as to tlivide it into two nearly eipial parts, and requiring tra\ellers to pass half round the church to proceed from one part to the other. As the inhabitants increased in number, tlie church, even in its enlarged state, became too small, and the Church of Jionseccnirs was erected for their acconmio- dation. The city continuing to prosper, especially after the Colony became JJiiiish, further accommodation was needed; and in the year iS2_i, the present magniticent church was commenced. On the 3rd of September the corner-stone was laid ; and it was so far completed as to admit of being opened lor pid)lic worship on the 15th of July, 1829, when high mass was performed by tlie Uishop t)f Telmesse, and an oration delivered by the Rev. Mr. (^)uibler. The greater part of the Canadian Roman Catholic Clergy were present, and the solemnity was attended by Sir James Kempt, Adminis- trator, the Staff, Corporation, and other public bodies, and upwards of eight tiiousand persons. The edifice is a chaste specimen of the perpendicular style of (loihic aachiteclure in the middle ages. 'I"he length (jf the church, from east to west, is 264 feet 6 inches, and its breadth from north to south, 144 feet 6 inches. 'I'lie height of the think is 6t feet from the flagging of the terrace to the eaves. Tliere are six toweis.so arr.mged that each Hank presents three, and the east and west ends two each. Those on the princii)al or west front are 220 feet high. The space between the front towers is 73 feet, by 120 in height, crowned with an embattled parapet. The thinks and east towers are each 115 feet in height. There are five public and thiee private entrances to the first Hoor, and four to the galleries, so that an audience of ten thousand ])er- sons, the number for whi ' t is seated, may assemble and disp'T.^o in a few minutes without disagreeable pressure. Hie tower contains the largest bell in America, and weighs 29,400 lbs. The eastern window at the high altar is 54 feet in height, and 32 in breadth. It is separated by shafts into five compartments, and subdivided by muUions into 36 31 S GAZErTKKR OF MONTREAL. divisions. Tiie windows in llie Hanks consist of one range, and those in the front are finished in the same style as the eastern window. The i)0rtal is formed l)y an arcade, consisting of tiiree arches, eacli 19 feet by 48 in height. From tliis arcade are the cntiaiux-s to the churcli ; and over it is phiced another of tlie same form in relief, which connects the towers and jjiers. ]>etween these are trefoil canopy-headed niches, intended for marble statues. It was a part of the original design to have a promenaile between the towers 76 feet by 20, elevated 120 feet above the surface of the Place d'Armcs, from whicli the spectatcjr would have a delightful and extensive view of the River Si. Lvwrence and the surrounding country. The front towers were intended to contain clcjcks, and bells are n(nv placed in the towers, and the view from the top is now accessible by safe and easy tb'ghts of steps. The floor, from the front entrance to the chancel, is a gently inclined i)lane of three feet in the whole length. There arc seven spacious aisles in the same direction, and two crossing them at right angles, one of which leads to the Hank doors. The pews are raised six inches above the aisles. There are seven cha])els, so placed that all are seen fiom the front entrance. The high altar is nearly at the extremity of the nave : it is elevated in the chancel 2 feet 6 inches above the Hoor of the church, and is encompassed on three sides by semicircular seats for the clergy, etc. The front of the chancel is open, and is api)roached by an easy Hight of five steps, in the form of a double semi-reverse. The eastern window, high altar, ami choir, are seen frt)m the front door to great advantage, with a perspective view of the side windows, altars, galleries, and the groined ceiling, 80 feet in height. The vaults of the ceiling and galleries are supported in i)art by a double range of grouped columns, 3 feet 4 inches in diameter: from these spring the groins of the ceiling. The pillars are of wood, and jiainted in imitation of clouded Italian or American marble. The hue accords with the ceiling; but the effect, though time may improve it, is too glaring, and is evidently inferior to that which stone pillars would have produced. The facings of the gallery trusses, and the greatest portion of the car[)entet's work, are painted in imitation of the oak finishings in the Gothic Cathedrals of Europe. The gallery screens are in moveable pannels, and painted a crimson color : the railing in tVoPt of them imitates iron, and produces au agreeable effect. There are recesses in the piers, between the windows on the first Hoor, intended for family monuments, and in the recesses of the windows are placed the confessional screens. .Suitable arrangements are made in the interior for all the monuments and paintings that may be wanted; and at the sides . f the high altar are places assigned for twelve large historical paintings, which will occupy an admirable light from their position. The organ is placed in the upi)er gallery over the front entrance ; the floor in tb.is part is elastic, and the organ projects six feet beyond the line of galleries. The choir screen is finished in recessed seats for the clergy. Tlie pulpit and canopy are attached to one of the pillars: the access to it is from the first gallery. It resembles in form that in the Gothic Cathedral at Strasburg, in Germany; the high altar resembles in part that of St. Peter's at Rome. The eastern window was intended to be filled with stained glass. GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 3I9 V. WOLFEKSTAN THOMAS Was born on the 9th January, 1834, .it Moorwenston, Cornwall, England. His lather was of the same name. Mr. Thomas was educated at King Edward I\"s School, Sheiborne, his i)arenls designing him for Holy Orders. His own ambition was the army. Before either C(juld be rea'ized, he came to Canada to eng.ige in farming, and going to Rice J-ake to learn practical agriculture, he fcnnid the idea not l)raciicable. Eailing to do so, he, after some time, received a situation in the ]5ank of LI'pper Canada. After a year's service, he wer.t into the Tcjronto JJranch of the Jiank of Montreal, and in 1S65 he was appointed Manager of the London IJranch. After five years, in 1870, .Sir 1). L. Macpherson, by the cordial recommendations of \'l. H. King, ex-President of the Bank of Montreal, gave Mr. Thomas the offer of Cashier of Molsons Bank, Montreal. He accepted, and since 1870 has faithfully rendered such st-rvices to the Institution that it is now one of the j)rincipal JJanking Houses in the Dominion. Among the many phases of its increase may be mentioned that llie capital has been increased from one to two millions of dollars, and more than fifteen branch offices have been established throughout (Janada. There has also been a reserve of $675,000 provided, and the business of the J]ank increased sevenfold. Mr. Tliomas is a Director of the Canada Life Assin-ance Company. He is also Vice-President of the McKay Institute for Deaf Mutes, and connected with tlie General Hospital, the Mount Royal Cemetery Company, and the Verdiui Protestant Hosi)ilal for the Insane. In 18S4, 'it; was appointed Chairman of the Finance Committee when the British Association for the Advancement of Science visited Montrenl. He is also a consistent son of the(.'hurch of England, ever ready by every means to advance her interests and claims. He married a daughter of Hon. Senator Goodhue. Mr. 'J'homas is one of our best known and respected citizens. CHARLES E. SCHILLER. His father was at the Battle of Chateauguay. His grandfather came to this coimtry about 1778 as Surgeon to one of the Hessian Regiments serving in America. Charles was born 17th September, 1819, at Riviere du Loup (e// /iauf). After being educated at Benjamin Workman's Academy, he entered the Court House in 1835 ^^ Clerk, where he remained for fifty-two years, until his death. He assisted at the Jalbert trial during 1837-8, also at the great trial of the St. yVlban's Raiders in 1S64, and that of the Fenians in 1866. He was appointed joint Clerk with Mr. Carter, and, on the latter's resignation, became sole Clerk, hi 1880, Mr. Brehaut was appointed in place of Mr. Carter; but he died suddenly in 1882, and Mr. Sicotte was named partner. Perhaps Mr. Schiller was the man who jiossessed the largest amount of criminal knowledge of any person in the Dominion. The only holiday, in fifty years, which he ever took, was one month, when he went on a trip to New Orleans. ]\Ir. Schiller was universally confided in by the Bench and Bar, and both Judges and Advocates placed unbounded confidence in his advice or decisions. He died on the 25th of April, 1887. He left a brother and sister. His sister married M. P. Guy, the oldest notary in Montreal. 320 GAZETTKER OK MCJNTUEAL. CAPTAIN LAHEI.LK Was bora ;U Sorcl, 27111 May, 1836. '1'Iil- fust of the family came as . Tench soldier lo ('anada, and, after his discharge, settled in the country. He was educated in the I'arish School of Sorcl ; but soon .;!.ovved his disposition for the water by sail- ing craft on the St. Lawrence. Thus he became an expert navigator, and afterwards, for twenty-five years, commanded the finest steamer of the Richelieu Company between Montreal and (Quebec. In 18.S0, he gave up sailing and received the ai>point- ment of Passenger Agent at Montreal for the Q. M. O. ^ O. Railway. In 1883, he was made (ieneral Manager of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company. In 1887, 'i*^' ^^'^^^ returned for Richelieu as Member of Parliament, Hotise of Commons, Ottawa. His intrepidity on two different occasions can never be forgotten. First at the terrible burning of the steamer " Montreal," in 1857, and again during the inundation ol the hdand of Sorel in 1865. He dieil :uddeuly a year or two ago. HON. ClIARLKS WILSON \Vas the sixth son of the late Alexander Wilson, Kscp, Collector of Customs atCoteau du Lac. His mother was a daughter of Captain Monteith d'Aillebout. a gentleman who held a commission in the French Army^ but also, after the ca[)itulation of Canada to General Amherst after the death of Wolfe, in 1759, entered the English service instead of returning to France according to the terms of the capitulation. The honorable gentleman was born at Coteau du Lac, April, 1S08. Li 1838, he married the sister of the late Dr. Tracy of Montreal. He was the head of one of the largest firms in the city enga5.cd in the hardware business, the house having been begun by him in 1834. He was also a Director of the Scottish Provincial Assurance Company. In 1851, he was elevted Mayor of Montreal by acclamation when the people received the right of election, and in 1852 and 1853 had again the high honor of being chosen by acclamation to the highest official office of the city. He was created in 1854 a Chevalier C( miiiandcir- of the Roman Order of St. Gregory the Great. He sat as a life member of the Legislative Council of Canada from 1852 until the Union of the Provinces in 1867, and in May, 1867, by Royal Proclamation, he was called to the high honor of representing the Rigaud Division in the Senate of the Dominion of Canada. The honorable gentleman died some years ago. WILLIAM SHANKS EVANS Was born at Berwick-on-Tweed on the 23rd NLay, 1831. He also came to Canada with his parents in 1832. Having a liking for his father's profession, mechanical engineering, he served liis time to that business, when he soon became very i)rofi- cient in it. In the year 1848 lie removed to the United States, where he shortly afterwards received an appointment in the Dunkirk and Erie Locoinotive Works, which he held for nine years, the most of that time as manager in the works. He resigned this position in i860, after the death of his brother F^dward, and returned to Montreal, where he has emplo 'ed his capital ever since in stock and real estate operations. GAZErTKKR OK MOMRK.AL. 3** CHURCH OF "THE (JllSU." "'I'lii'; (.'h'.iich. adjoining the (lolK'gc, bears the name of a Jesuit ('iuirch in Rome, ' The desii,' which means, of course, tiie (Jhurch ot" Jesus. 'I'he Uilc IJishop of Montreal, MiS,v. liourget, had for many years been desirous of seeing' a huLje and handsome ehiircli erected on the grounds of St. Mary's College and dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. At his earnest solicitation, the leathers, encourageil by public approval anil trusting in I )ivine Providence, resolutely imdertook the work ; on St. Joseph's Day, 1864 (March 19th), they began to prepare the site, and a f..\v weeks later building operations were commenced. The church was blessed and opened for worship on the ,^rd December, 1S65 (St. l''rancis Xavier's Day), The servii es on week days are at the same hours as those of the odier Catholic city churches ; on S.indays and Ilolydays there is a French sermon at High Mass and another at the nieeiing of the Archeonfralernily ; on these days there are two sermons in English : one at the eight o'clock Mass, the other at the evening service at eiglu. Tiiis church is justly considered one ot the most attractive in .Montri'al, and one of the most I)eauliful and soul satisfying monuments on this Continent. Its characteiistic feature is that it delights the untutored eve as fullv as it satisfies the artist's critical glance. The style is Florentine Renaissance. The cohmins are composite, and somewhat higher than the strict rules of ait would approve, but this defect, which architects alnne wiuild notice, enhances the light an 1 ethereal ajjpearanc ■ of the interior. I'or. likethe ' King's daughter,' theOesuis ' all glorious within.' Without, the unt'inished towers cripple th.e facade. Within, the great transepts, figuring the (."ross of Christ, Hood the chancel with softly toned waves of light ; the delicate inonochicuiies, which adorn the walls and ceiling, reproduce the maslcr|)ieces of the modern Cerman school, the (Crucifixion of Our Fold, the Most P.lessed 'I'rinity, the (^ueen of Angels, the Floly Name of Jesus at the intersection of the transepts and the nave, the I/imb of God, Jesus in the midst of the Doctors, Jesus with Mary and Joseph at Nazareth, Jesus blessing little children, raising Lazarus from the dead, Jesus as the (lood Shepherd, Jesus appearing to .St. Thomas after the Resurrection, the scenes dr.iwn from the history of the Jesuits ; the splendid oil paintings by (kigliardi brothers, of Rome, are full of color and life ; tiie variegated altars, sixteen in number, most of which are made of Canadian woods, all lead up to llie high or central altar with its large chancel and elegantly inlaid lloor, on which, at high festivals, the well-trained sanctuary boys throng around the Holy of Holies. The choir of this church is justly celebrated. ,Santley, the great baritone, who sang at the (lesu, after praising the acoustic singing [)roperties of the church, com|)limented Professor Clerk on the extraordinary excellence of his choir. The Students' Choir is also deserving of praise for the whole-heartedness with which they join in the vocal worship of (rod. On some great feast, such is Christmas, Easter or Whit Sunday, the Church of the Gesu is at its oulvvard be. Then the tasteful decorations, the perfectly tT.ined choir and the full orchestra well befit the anthems of Divine praise which rise from the altar, centre of all Catholic worship, and which are voiced and luminously portrayed in the 12 32 2 C.AZETTEER OF MONTREAL. practical, earnest and llioiigluful French and JMiglish sermons for which llic Gesu is especially famous. But every week day there goes on in that graceful temple a silent, though still more impressive, work of daily adoration in si)irit and in truth, of con- version from backslidings and error, of strong striving towards all that is true ;ind l)ure and everlasting." I'ETKR TANGMAN AND HON. JOHN I'ANGMAN. The Seigniory of Laclienaie was granted by " La Compagnie de la Xouvellc France" to Pierre le Gardeur, ]'-cuyer, Sieur de Repentigny, in the City of Paris, France, on the i6tli April, 1647. .\Iajor-("iener;il Gabriel Christie sold the Seigniory on the 2nd of February, 1785, lo Jacob Jordan, Seignior of 'I'eriebonne. Jordan sold the Seigniory on the 3rd November, 1794, to Peier Pangman, wlio died on the jSlh August, iiSiy, leaviug the estate managed by his son-in-law, George Henry Monk, who was married to his daughter, Jane, and was appointed curator of the estate until ihe coming of age of John I'angman on the 13th November, 1829. Tlie Hon John Pangman was bom 13th November, 1808. He was tlie sotiof Peter Paiigpian, Esq., a member of the old Nor'-Wesi Company, and of ( Iracc Mactier, his wife, who were married in Montreal, on 28th March, 1796, and settled at Cirace Hall, Mascouche, his fadier haviug called the Manor House after her name. He first married, iti 1835, Marie Henriette F.acroix, daughter of the Hon. Janvier Domptail Lacroi.x. He was appointed to the Legislative Council, by the Crown, in 1S38, for Lower Canada. He always took an active part in English Church matters. He had three sons and two daughter; by this marriage, viz. : Jane Elmire, married, in 1870, Hon. Louis N:ipoleon Casault, of (Quebec, one of the Justices of Her Majesty's Su[)erior Court : John Her.ry, born Slh of August, 1845, ''^'^^ married n^lh September, 1867, l^ertha l-',. IJuchanan ; Marie Louise; John, born 7th September, 1847 .• <-'harles lulwanl, born 15th November, 1849. On the 3rd September, 1857. he married Georgiana Roljertson, daughter of the late Dr. Robertson, of Montreal, by whom he had one son. He died 5th January, 1867. His sou met with a terrible death in having his head cut off by the ccjllision of trains on the North Shore Railway some years ago. 'I'he widow lives in Montreal. HON. J. (J. l.WIOI.ETTE, M.L.C, Was Ix^rn at St. Eustache, Province of Quebec. He was afterwards educated at the College of Montreal. He is Seignior of Sherrington, in the County of Naperville, and has been Warden of Naperville and Mayor of the town. Twice has he been appointed Census Commissioner by the Government of Canada, in i860 and again in 1870. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec in 1876, for the DjLoriinier Division. He holds the commission of Lieut. -Colonel in the Militia. Col. Laviolette was twice married and has two sons and four daughters. One son is a well known Druggist and Medical Doctor of Montreal. His three daughters' husbands are all well-known names in St. Eustache, Longueuil and Montreal. (lAZKlTKER OK MONTREAL. 323 REV. DR. WlLKr.S Was Ijorn in JJirmiiigham, iMigl.ind, 2rsl June, 1805. He came lo Canada at llieagcof fifteen, the family settling in Ttjionto. In 1S22, Henry left for Montreal, wiiere he spent the next five years in a mercantile house, 'riien he became partner with John 'lorrance. In 1829, iie entered the University of (Glasgow, Scotland, and also joined the Theological Academy of the celebraletl Dr. W'ardlaw, and in 1S32 was ordained and sent U) Canada on a mission. Accomplishing such, he relumed to Scotlaiul and graduated M.A. in 1S33. becoming Pastor of .Mbany Church, I'ldinburgh, where the parents of tlie Author of this volume gave him, as members of the congregation, tiie right hand of fellowship at his ( )rtli.iation and induction. He returned to Canadi in 1836, just before the Rebellion, and settled in .Monlre tl. For fifty years h ■ conlinueJ a faithful minister, and was identified with all th'j growdi of die city. He rt'ceived ihe Degree of LI,. I), from McCJill, and D.I), from Burlington College in i860. He was one of the most known and beloveil of the Clergy of Montreal, and died some yeari ago. He was intimately connected with the Congregational College of Montreal from its inception, and was greatly the means of its present prosperity. V. V. VAXASSE, M.r., Was born at Saint David, Yamaska, 6lh November, 184S. His father was I*'. H. \'anasse, who had established himself there in 1825. He was educated at Niccjlet ('ollcge. Choosing Law as his study, he entered the office of Hon. Justice Jette, and passed with distinction in 1875 his final examination, and was admitted to the IJar same year. He was at one time associated with two well-known names, Hon. I'', X. Tiudel and Hon. M. Taillon. and in 1S79 he was elected member of Parliament h)r Vamaska. In 1882, he was re-elected. During 1884, he organized a largj pub lishing c:ompany, ac(iuired the paper Zc JSlouvcaii Monde, called it Lc Monde, ami it is yet edited by him. He married, in 1877, a daughter of Alex. Deseve, advocate, of Montreal. Mr. N'anasse has now retired from Parliament, and devotes himself to the duties of his profession and editorial labor as iviitor of the Monde news[)apir. JAMKS A. (il.ASSFORU Was born at Coleau du Lac on the 25tli June, 1817. He was educated at Mon- treal. He was for some time in the lumber trade with his father. He after- wards commenced on his own account in the forwarding business between Montreal and Ottawa, and rapidly extended his connections. In 1862, he was the largest for- warding merchant in the country, being the head of the well-known firm " Glassford, Jones i\: Co." Their stock then consisted of forty-five vessels, exclusive of others chattered for the season. They carried immense quantities of grain, etc, from Chicago and other western cities in connection with steam vessels for Europe. Hav- ing unfortunately broken his leg, his health was impaired, and in consequence he died June ist, 1869, aged only fifty-two years and eleven months. His sons are in the commission business in Montreal. 324 GAZKTTEER OF MONTREAL. FREDERICK W. HENSHAVV Was born in Montreal, on the 22nd July, 1822. His father was a hardware merchant and importer of this city in the early part of this century, and his grandfather, a U. E. loyalist, came to Canada and settled in Montreal soon after the close of the Revolu- tionary \\'ar. Mr. Hcnshaw can trace his tamily to the Henshaws of Lancashire, England, wlio were prominent land owners at the close of the fifteenth century. One of his ancestors, William Henshaw, head of the family, was killed at the taking of Liverpool in 1644. James the P'irst of England restored the family to its ancient honor-;, and it took the motto JLssc quam vidcri. Mr. Henshaw has been actively engaged in business since 1850 as a general commission and shipping merchant. He was created a Magistrate by the late Sir Cieo. L. (^artier, and has i)erformed many public services in his magisterial capacity. Has been a member of the Board of Trade since 1855, member of the Council for seventeen years, one of which as Vice- President, and tour years as President, also Consul for the Republic of Uruguay. Mr. Henshaw married, in 1850, Maria Louisa .Scott, daughter of John Scott, Esq., London, England, i)y whom he has had four children, two sons and two daughters. The eldest of the former, Erederick Clarence Henshaw, is Colonel of the Victoria Rifles of Montreal and CJonsu! of the Argentine Republic and Vice-Consul of Uru- guay. His second son, Arthur Scott Henshaw, married Beatrice Shepherd, daughter of R. W. Shepherd, Esq.^ of Montreal, .'ind is in the Bank of Montreal. LOUIS ERECHETTE, LL.D. A\'a.s born at Levis, Quebec, i6th November, 1859. His ancestors came from Isle de Rhe. France, and were among the early settlers of this colony. He was educated at the College of Nicolet and completed his career at Laval University, and admitted to the l)ar in 1864. From 1865 to 187 1, h.e resided in Chicago. \\\ the latter year he returned to Canada. Li 1874, he was returned for Levis County to the Federal Parliament. He took up his residence in Montreal in 1878. He is a member of the Royal Society and a poet of no mean order. He has edited several well-known papers, Journal de Quebec and La Patrie of Montreal being among them. His volume of poetry called Pele Mele is well known, printed by John Lovell, of Mon- treal. Two other volumes of jioetry in 1880 were crowned by the French Academy of Paris, and he was granted the first Montyon prize. He has also written several dramas and comedies, principally " Papineau," in 1880, which was acted in Montreal more than once, and received popular applause. Not only has Mr. Frechette to vastly enriched his own country's literature, but he has translated into French two works which are well known, W. D. Howells' " A Chance Acquaintance," and George W. Cable's " Old Creole Days." Professor Roberts, the English poet, has, on the other hand, translated into English Mr. Frechette's beautiful poem " La Liberte." GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 325 Here is one stanza showing both the transhation and the b^'auliful scnliment of the author : '•■ While worldlings chase each other madly roun 1 The gay track of frivolous gaiety, Dreamer, my dre\in earth's utmost longings 1 nmds — One love alone is mine, my love is Liberty.'' Mr. Frechette married, in 1876, Emma, second daughter of J. 15. Bcaudry, IJan.kcr of Montreal, and has an interesting family. He now resides entirely in Montreal, and ma'ces Literature and Poesy his only work. May he long be spared to warble sweet scngs in his own melodious language, and continue to be, as he is, an honor to our city, and a cause of thankfulness that we have at least one true poet in our midst. PAUL STEVENS. He m.iy well be called, as he is by a French Canadian critic not long deceased, •' The Jjafontaine of Canada." He was born in Belgium. After his arrival in ("anada, lie became one of the edi'.ors oi La Patric. He also held for some time the [losition of Professor of Literature at Cliaml)ly College. \\\ i860, he returned to the city, but latterly was attached to the house and family of Do Lery. His '" Fables" ....nsihi of 120 pages, and were printed in 1857. His '• Contes Populaires " appeared in 1867, ten years after, which contributed more than his first work to the reputation of the author. RIGHT REV. RLSIIOP BALDWIN'. t Maurice .S. Baldwin was born in Toronto, in the year 1836. His father was John S. Baldwin, his mother binng Anne .Shaw, daughter of Major (iencral .Shaw. His early education was procured at Upper Canada College, subsequently enter, g the University, and graduating in 1859 at Trinity ('oUege. He was ordained Deacon by Bishop Cronyn in April, i860. His lirst appointment was assistant to Dr. Caultield of St. Thomas, Ontario. In 1862, he became Incumbent at Port Dover. \w 1S65, lie was elected Incumbent of St. Luke's, Montreal. Five years after, in 1S70, he became Assistant ALnister of Ciirist Church (^lalhedral, and in 1872, when the V'en. Dean Betlume died, he was unanimously elected Rector of the Parish. In June, 1871, he had Leen collated as one of the Honorary Canons of the Cathedral. He continued till 1879, when, by the advancement of Dean Bond to the Bishopric of Montreal, Canon Baldwin was appointed his successor. On the vacancy occurring in the Diocese of Huron by the death of Bishop Cronyn, the Dean was consecrated Bishop of that important Diocese in his stead. He has continued ever since as one of the most earnest and impressive preachers of the day. His usefulness in Montreal can never be estimated. It is still seen when the Bishop pays the Metropolis a visit in the crowd which tlock to hear their favorite preacher again. The Bishop has not been a great producer of books, but two which he did write have been eminently useful. The first published in Montreal in 1877, and called 326 C.AZKTTKKR OK MdNIREAI.. "A Break in llie Ocean (.'abie,'' luis had an extraordinary run. no less than 10.000 copies having been sold since it was first published. His other work, " late in a Look,'" published in 1880, is also highly regarded. He received the degree of D.D. at the time of his consecration. In April, 1S70, the Hishop was married to Sarah Jessie, yoimgest daughter of John J. Day, Q.C, wliose biography is found in another l)art of this G a/.\:Tvev.p . HON. JOHN MOl.SON. He was the son of the original John Molson who was the tirstof the name in Canada, and whose wonderful energy is well noticed in the History in the first part of this volume, in speaking of the first steamboat which ever sailed the St. Lnvrencc, The subject of this memoir was connected with his father in all his enterpiises, first in his father's service, then for a short time in opposition, when his father gave him a vessel to set him up in business, and afterwards as a partner, and we believe we are correct in saying that it was not a little owing to the energy and enterprise of the son that the father added largely to the iKindsome competence of which he died possessed. A striking instance of the business capacity of the son has often been mentioned. 'J"he boat given him by his father was of inierior power and speed, but the young man was not to be outdone. The river was not lighted and buoyed as at the present day in these closingyears of the 19th century, and it was, therefore, deemed unsafe to run after dark. The son, however, ran his boat all night, and by working while others slej)!. made the best time with the slowest boat. " At a later ])eriod, when railroads were introduced, Mr. Molson took an active l)art in their introduction into Canada, and was President (jf the first railroad opened in the Province, the Si. Lawrence and Champlain, of which he continued a Director until his demise. Nor was he less active in advancing the interests of our monetary institutions. He had fell the want of these in early life, when he kept guard over his fiither's strong box, and paid out the Knglish guineas, French crowns, and Si)anish pieces, to his numerous workmen. He became a Director in the Bank of Montreal, but retired to make room for his father. Resuming his seat at tiie Board on tiie retirement of his fathe- from the ])residency, he remained as a Director till 1853, when, in connection with his brother, William, lie es'.ablished the Molsons Bank, under the Free Banking .Act, and which obtained a Charter in 1854, when his young brother Thomas, also became a 1 irge shareholder in that institution. '• In politics, Mr. Molson w:is highly conservative ; and when the Special Council replaced the Parliament in 1837. he was called to a seat m it. He, however, never desired to enter ])ublic life. He preferred to assist in carrying out those public improvements which had been set on foot by himself and others, to develop the resources, and aid in the advancement of his native country. *• Having shouldered his musket in 1837, '''^j ^^''^'^ many other loyal men, felt keenly the passing of the Rebellion Losses Bill of 1849; '^^^^ ^^'^^^ one of the fust .signers of the /a mous Annexation Manifisto at that time, a proceeding for which Ik (;.\/i:i IKKK (II'" MONrUI.AI,. "2 wa-> dciuivL'tl of his Coniiiiissioiis ot justice of ilic I'cicc aiul Ciiloncl of the Mililia , the offjrs afterwards made by (loveniineiU to reinslate him, he resi)e(nfiilly declined." As a private ciii/.eii, Mr. .Molsoii was highly esteemed. The cause of education and philaiuiiropy ever found in liini a frien 1. and there is scarcely an inipoitanl educational or charitable institution in Montreal with which his name has not been connected. 'I'he Molsoii Chair in the McGill ("ollege. endowed by the liberality of the three brothers, may be specially mentioned as an instance of munit"icence and public spiiit. As a (Governor for many years of the Montreal (leneral Hospital, from the Presidency of which he retired about a year previous to his death, owing to his failing health, hh zeal will be long remembered, which, cc)nsidering the magnitude of his business engagements, often surprised his coadjutors in the management of that benevolent institution. He died at his residence. ISelmont I lall, Montreal, on the i2ih July, i860, in his 73rd year, universally regretted. RKV. JOHN JHNKl.N.S. D.l).. 1.1,1). The subject of this sketch was of Welsh parentage, but he was bjrn in the town of Exeter, England, 5th December, 1813. He was educated at Ivxeter Collegi'. and afterwards at King's College, Eor.don. He was ordained to the Ministry in iS^j.and immediately proceeded to India as a Missionary to the station of M\sore. where his weTkknown son, Edwaid, in the City of JUmgalore, was l^orn. Edward is well kn;)wn to literary fame as the aulluir of '■ (jinx's IJaby." and who was once a member of the Imperial Tarliament for Dinidee, Scotland. Dr. Jenkins remained about t'lve years m India and then returned to England in enfeebled healih. He afterwards resided two years in NFalta, and in 1.S47 came to M(jntreal, and for six years was the jiastor of St. James .Siieet Methodist Chiu-ch. At this time he was best known for his lectures : '"A Eroteslant's Appeal to the Douay iiible." Four large editions of this bo(jk were published and sold during the tnst year, but ncnvit is almost impossible to procure a copy. — s/r transit '^/oria Diiiiuii. Shortly after this, on accoimt of determined opposition to him in relation to this book, he resignetl and went to Philadel(jhia, as Minister of the Pre^^b) terian (Jlunch of Calvary, where he remained for ten years. This closing period brought the Doctor face to face with the War of Secession, and because he would not pray on Simday for President Davis and his Cabinet, he had to resign in 1.S63. and went to Eondon, England, where he was for a year. Next year, 1S64, he was invited to St. Paul's Chinch, Montreal, which iie accejited and remained for no less than ten years. From 1868, in connection with the City, he was (Chairman f)f the Protestant Board of School Commissioners. He was made an EE.D. by McCill in 1879, 'I'lJ -'^ X'tXi. in 1859 by the University of New York. In 1S75, he resigned from school work. He was also a inem')er of the I]oard of ^[c(iill University, and also that of (Queen's, Kingston. In 1869, he was elected Moderator of the Synod of the Presbyterian Church of Canada, and in I1S78 Moderator of the United Churches. After an event- ful and useful life to his party, church and belief, he died some years ago. 3^8 GAZKTTEER OF MONTREAL. ROr.ERT CRAIK, M.D. He is one of those in these sketches who were born in Montreal. He first saw the light in this city, 22nd April, 1829. His jiarents had come to ^fontreal in i8i8- I'he well-known late John Bruce educated the Doctor in his younger years. After- wards he studied Medicine and graduated with fust honors from Mcdill in 1854. The same year he became House Surgeon to the General Hospital, resigning in i860. In 1856, he was Demonstrator of Anatomy in his Alma Maler until 1861, when he became Professor of Clinical Siiigery to 1866-7. During this Session he lectured on Chemistry for the late Dr. Sutherland, and at his death succeeded him. retainmg this Chair till 1879. He then retired, and is now luneritus Professor. To show how far- thinking the Doctor was, even in his youthful days of practice, we may mention that his graduation thesis was "On the Nature of Zymotic Diseases," and now, more than a (piarter of a century afterwards, what he then spoke of and shadowed forth of the theory of germ disease has made a deep impression on the i)ul)lic mind. The Doctor has long held a high standing among his confreres. He is now a great agriculturist, and has some of the tinest horses in the country. In 1856, he married Miss Alice Symmons, of Dublin, Ireland, but she died in 1874. 'j'lie Doctor has no children. HON. JAMKS FERRJEK, Sknator, Was born in Scotland. He was educated in Fifeshire, and went to Perth to serve his apprenticeship. In 1821, he left Scotland for C'anada. At twenty-two he com- menced business in Montreal, and by Scotch ])rudence and shrewdness, he soon accumulated a h.andsome competency. When the Piai ;. of British North America was founded he became a Director of it. For six years he was i'rcsident of the Montreal Assurance Co. When the Rebellion broke out in 1837, '"^ shouldered his musket among the Constitutionalists, and liecame a Lieut. -(xjlonel of the Militia. In 1841, he was ajjijoiiiled a ^lunicipal Councillor. When in '.844 the offices became elective, he was returned Alderman of ih.e East Ward. Tiiis same year he was elected Mayor. Whilst Mayor a terribly disastrous fire took place at Quebec, and Mr- Feriier being at the time an eye-witness of the awful destruction everywhere seen> waited at once on the (lovernor-General, Lcjrd Metcalfe, and so interested him that an immense fund was raised for the sufferers. Shoitly after this, Mr. Ferricr was called by royal mandamus to a seat in the Legislative Coiuicil. He projected the Montreal and Lachine Railway, and for a number of years was President of the road. He was elected as one of the Directors of the Grand Trunk Railway, and for many years was the Chairman of this great concern in Canada. I le was also appointed a Governor of McGill University, as he had been a member of the Board of the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning. He was also a Member of the Council of the University of Victoria College, Cobourg. He was for years President of the Quebec Temperance and Prohibitory League, as well as that of the Bible Society. He was ajjpointed a Senator of the Dominion, and was such at the time of his death, which occurred some years ago after a life of wonderful activity, benevolence and Christian sympathy. ■f. ■f. C.AZIVI'I'KKU OK MUNIREAL. 3-9 ST. MARV'S COLLEGE. 'I'll i; following fine iiccouiU of this well-known iiiul intcicsting instiuilion is t'oiind in ;i hitc niiinbcr of ihc Doininion IlliiatratcJ. and, wiilioul altering aiiytiiing, I ici)i(.- duc'j it as the best sketch that can be given of the College: — •' As this is the princiiial ]Mil)iic Institution of the CJanadian Jesuits, it will not be amiss to jxjint out with what nienu)rics of Canada, and of Montreal in i)ailicular, it is linked in the past. The Society of Jesus, founded and defniitely organized by .St. Ignatius of Loyola, in 1540, had. feu- more than half a century, been sendin.; mis- sionaries into every part of the habitable world. As fast as new lands were discovered in America, they were evangeli/ecl by missionaries of the Society. l!ra/il. IVru, I'lorida, Mexico, in fact nearly the entire Southern portion nf the New World, had received its apostles; the Northern portion, and Canada in particular, were )iow to receive theirs. In 161 1, Fatheis Jiiard and Masse accompanied to Acadia tlu' fn>t settlers of New France. In 1625. their followers, bi'ing re(piested by the RecoUet Fathers of New I'"rance to share their hard l.ibors. landed at the foot of liie ihi-n lo: ely rock of Cham[)lain ; ten years later, in 1635, diey laid the foundations of the College of Quebec, destined to be foi many years the training school of Canadian youth in science and virtue. In the previous year (1634), a residence was established by I'ather LejcuVie in the incipient city cjf Three Rivers. The birth of .Monlreal did m t come till 1642; nevertheless, as early as 1626. Father de Hrebeiif, on his Inst jtjuniey to the land of the Hurons, had, as it were, selected the site of the future city ; in his second journey (1635), he pointed it out as the extreme limit of the navigation of the Si. Lawrence, and consetjuently as a spot of great importance. In the same and subsequent years, l''ather Lejeune concerted with the Companv of tlie Hundred Associates a settlement at this identical place, ' which may,' he sa\s, • become some day a large city.' In 1637, in coniixiii)' with the (ioveriior. he came thereon an exploring expedition. I''inally, cm the iSth of May, 1642. l'"ather Iiarthol(ji::ew Vimont, in the name of the New Society of Our Lady, recently organized in Paris by the zealous and venera'ole Mr. (^lier, said the first Mass and invoked upon the foundations of the future City of \'iHe-M.irie, or Montreal, the choicest blessings (^'i Heaven. During the fifteen years following, or until the arrival of tiie Reverend Sulpician I'riests in 1657, the Jesuit Fathers were sole pastors of Montreal; but. as soon as the spiritual care of the settlers could be entrusted to devoted hands, th.ey resumed their favorite occupation, the preaching of the Cospel to the destitute Indians. Towards the end of this periotl, in the spring of 1657, Feather LeMoyne blessed the corner-stone of the ancient sanctuaiy of Notre Dame dc j^onsecours (Our L;uly of Good Help), in 1663, whilst conveying to the distressed settlers a cargo of pr(;- visions, Father Chaumonot founded, in com])any with Rev, Mr. Souart, Sulpician Priest, the Confraternity of the Holy F'amily, which is still in a prosperous condiiitui. In 1692, when the wants of Montreal were on the increase, and the very existence of the Colony was threatened by the incursions of the fndians, the Jesuit Fathers returned and built within its walls a house and chapel. In the same year they estab- ^^0 CAZl'/l-l'l'I-.U OK MONTRI'.AL. lisIiL'd ill ihcir chapel the Sodahty of Men, and the Novciia. in honor of St. Iwancis Xaviir. two works that ha\X' hjiig outlived their founders, and which jiroduce to this day abundant fruits of salvation. Their i)r(>i)erty, includiiiij; cha|iel, convent and garden, covered nearly all the ground now occujiied by the Chanii) de Mars (drilling ground), the Court House anil the new City Hall. At a later period a church was adiled and rebuilt on a larger scale in 1742. 'I'iie church faced the street which now forms tiie eastern side of Jactiues Carliei Scpiare. In that ground, then held sacred, lie the ashes of many dauntless missionaries, who watered with their sweat and blood the seed of the (lospel. After toiling for a century and a half previous to the year i77,V the members of the su])pressed Society of Jesus, then resident in Canada, were gradually gathered to their fathers. I'ather Well, the last survivor in Montreal, died in 1791, and Father Cazot, the last in Quebec, in i860, at tiie very time when, by a special providence. Cod was preserving the remnants of the Society of Jesus in the \(jith of JMirope, by providing them with a shelter in Russia, where, screened from the reV(jlutionary storm wluch swe|)t over the Continent, they jiatiently bided the coming of better times. During the lifetime of the Fathers, the Fnglish Government allowed them the administration of the i)roperly belonging to their communities; hut after their death, in (.lefiance of rights and protestations, the Crown uncere- moniously annexed everything to itself. The most remaikable of the Jesuit F'athers who. during the 17th century, died in Canada, martyrs to their faith or their apostolic zeal, were: ist. I'ather de None, found frozen on the banks of the St. Lawrence, opposite Sorel. February 2nd, 1646; 2n(l, Father Jogues, killed with a hatchet while ])rea(:liing to the Iroquois. October 16th. 1646 : 3id, Father Daniel, shot with airows and musket balls by the Iroquois, July 4th, 164S; 4th, Fathers de lirebeuf and Cabriel Lallemant. who died at the stake among the Iroquois, March i6th and i7lh, 1649 : 5th. Ivither Carnier, killed by the Irfjfpiois, December 7tli, 1649; 6th, Father Chai)anel. drowned by an apostate Huron, December, 1649 : 7lh, leather ihiteux, butchered by the Iroipiois. May loth, 1652; 8th, Father Carreau, killed by the Iroquois, September 2iid. 1656; 9th, Father Pierron, put to death by the Indians in March. 1673. AVhen the storm clouds that overshadowed luirope at the close of the jiast and at the beginning of the present century had partially i)assed away, the Socii'ty of Jesus emerged from its temporary ecHpse, and resumed with unabated vigor its mis>>ionary career. Those countries which most retpiired assistance were, of course, first attended to; Canada was not actually in want of spiritual laborers, but she retained a kind remembrance of her early apostles and was leady to give them a joyous welcome ; in the interval succeeding their de])arture, the resources of the coimtry liad greatly developed and its spiritual necessities had increased with its natural progress. Accordingly, in 1839, after an absence of nearly forty years, the Society ajjpeared once more on the banks of the great St. Lawrence. '• Father Chazelle, President of St Mary's College, Kentucky, was requested by Rev. Mr. Quil)lier, his former pupil and then Superior of the Seminary of St. Sul])ice» in Montreal, to preach a retreat to the clergy of this diocese. On that occasion both C.AZI T'l r.l R OK MONTWIAI.. 33' inicsts and people expressed an cr.rncst wish thai the I'alluis slioiild ixiiirn toCiinad.i. Oil his first visit to KonK-. in 1S41. His Lordship liishop IJoiiijicl pctitioiK'd ihc (leneral of llie Society to the same effect ; liis efforts were successful, and ihe Reverend I'athers Cliazelle, Martin, TeMier, I.iiiset, Hanipaiix and du Ranquii. ,M lived ill M(jntreal on the 31st May, 1842. His Lordship the Uishop t;ave them a warm reception and lodged them in his own Palace. In the following year (1S43) the Honorable (Charles Seraphin Rodier offered thein for a novitiate a portion of his own mansion; ihey remained there till 1S51. In iirii ot dis(ii)line with extraordinary versatility of talent and great kindness of heart. The riglit wing was finished for occupation in 1855, but the front, facing the boys' play ground, is still without its intended portico and colonnade. Th>j entire structure is built of free stone; it is 225 feet long, and on an average 30 feet in width i)y 60 in height. The building is provided with two ingenious fire escapes, one of which is seen in the view from Bleury street. They are invented and patented by Father Jones, the archivist of the (!!ollege. The Provincial Parliament, after adding to its programme a course of legal studies, incorporated the college by statute, under the title of 'St. Mary,' in the year 1852. " The Curriculum, in which religious instruction holds the first place, embraces all the branches of a complete classical course, followed by two years of Philosophy, at the end of which Laval University degrees are conferred upon the graduates. Con- nected with the College are preparatory classes for younger students who are not ready to begin their classical studies, and also an elementary course for little lads, wlio .33^ GAzr.nr.i'.K oi- mon-iki-.ai. have special rrt^iil.itioiis :iii(l leccivo spcci.il carL-. 'I'lic comiiKTcial couim.'. wliich was one (jf the early iiidiiceinents to ftniiKl this Cdlkge. has lately hieii diopped. hccaiise llie neid of such a course is now very ade(pialely met by oilier tloiirishiiij,' schools ill this city, and hecause the clasical course is followed by so ]iu\.'c and so rapidly increasing a body of students as to make the construction of new Ijuildings an inipeiativi' necessity. I'or the pa->t two yeais the elementary Latin and (iieek classes have been provided with separate' teachers for the ['.nglish-speaking pupils; and the elite of our Catholie l'jiglish-sj)eaking pojjulation have hasteiied U> avail themselves of this opportunity. Curiously enough, wliileSt. Mary's College, manned at the outset b_\- nu n of supeiior ability and training from I''rance, was the lirst college ni Canada to successfully insist upon the modern pronunciatiiui of Ireiich. as con- trasted with the antique seveiiteenlh century ac< enl wiiich still jjrevails in so many odier Canadian colleges, ii is also, among all Calholic colleges in America, remarkable lor the purity of its i''.nglish speech. This is no doubt owing to the care which has alw.iys been beuowed by its well-'^vd professors upon the elocutionary effoits of the pupils. .\s a conse(|uence, tin.' amateur theatricals of this College have enjoyed more than Iwenly-five years of a well earned reputation for tasle and vigor. The military drill ol the .St. Maiy's College Cadets is another feature of metropolitan renow;i. 'I'o see those sturdy lads mameiivring with the steadiness and precisicju of veteran regulars, one would hardly sus])eei the mercurial lemiierament with which most ot them are endowed. Ibil the chief meiit ol .St. Mary's is its solid education, thorough in the i;lassies, deep in philosophy and the higher ]irinciples of mathematics and natural science, wide and ripe in die training of that master fu:ult\-, the power of seizing the strong point in every bianeh of study. Thus il is that, in a, sliorl forty years, (hiring .no-t of which it h.id not even the tempting bait of a degree to offei'. .St. .Mary's has produced men of mark in all the higher walks of life, distinguished jurists like judges de i.orimier .-.iid Loianger, .Mr.de liellefeuille and Mr. V. ]!. MignauU, skilled pliysiciaiis like Doctors Laramee, .\uguste Hamel and Mignauli, ruleis (jf men like the present Mayor ol (Quebec, the I'remier of this Province, and the lion. Joseph Royal, (lovernor of the North-West 'I'erritories, not to speak of the Rev. f^ither 'I'urgeon, whose seven years of rectorship at St. Mary's did so much for it. prosperit}-, nor of the jiresent Rector, Reverend i-'atiier Drummond, upon whom the mantle of the past rectors sits with ;iii easy grace." FL.WIKX i;. HOUTELLIEK. M.P.I'. Was born at .St. Cesairc, 2nd March, 1845. 'l'*^ father was Lieut. -Colonel Flivien Jioutellier, a merchant of St. Cesaire. Flavieii, the younger, was educated at the College of St. Ilyacinthe, ami studied Law in Laval University and in the ^b)ntreal }3rar.ch of A'ictoria University, Cobourg, Ontario, and latterly in the office of Sir A. .\. Dorion. He was called to the liar, July, 187 1. He was elected to represent Rouville, in June, 1879, his native county, and was returned by a large majority. He was a firm su[)porter of Hon. Mr. Joly when in power. Latterly he has eschewed l)olitics and devoted his talents to his profession. CAZITTKEk <)K M( )NTklvAI . Jj,^ gkor(;k mi-:r(KR dawson, i>.s., I'.ci.s. Ill was born ;it I'icloii, Xova Scotia, on the isl AtiL^iist, 1S49. Ik- ifccivid his early education in Montreal. Dclicalc licallh prevented liiin from inakiiij; a complete 'iirrieiilum in the College. In i,S6(;, lie entered the Royal .School of Mines, London, and after three years, in 1S7.;, he [jassed as an Associate. ( )n returning to Canada he (•iigaL,'ed for a year in mining; surveys in Nova .Scotia, and in lecturing; in iMorrin Col- lege, (Juehec, He was then appcinted (leoloL;ist and 1! itaiiist to the British Noilh Americ.in iJoundary (.'ommission, wluTe hi- served for two years. On the completion of the survey, he received an api)ointmenl on the staff of the (ieological Survey of the Dominion. Me is now one of the highest in the Department. He has been engaged on a hirge number of expeditions and surveyN. In iSSo, he visited i'hirope. He w.is present at the meeting rush, and his mother Alulhea (Frink) IJrush. When quite a young man he lutned his attention to steamboat and shi|) br.i ding. In 1816 and 1817, he commandeda steamboat named " Chamiilain, " on the hike of the same name. This was the secoad steamboat that ever sailed on the waters of that beautiful lake. When navigation closed in 1S17, Mr. Jirush settled in Montreal, and for the next sixteen years engaged in his favorite occupation of sieamboating and navigation — fiom 1818 to 1834. Mr. Brush superintended the building of some of the early steanijrs ])Ut on the St. Lawrence between Montreal and (,)uebec. He built the '■ Hercules" in 1823, the first tow-boat that ever sailed on the river. In 1838, Mr. Brush went into partnership with the Wards in the Kagle Foundry which they had begun in 1822. In time he became the sole possessor of it, and in 1852 his eldest son became intrusted with the business. Mr. Brush married i'.liza M. Seymour, of \'ergennes, Vermont. He died not long ago. His eldest ^un^ George S. Brush, is now the head of the firm and tlie foundry. REV. CANON ANDERSON, M.A. The subject of this sketch was born in the City of (Quebec, January, 181 i, therefore he is now the oldest clergyman of the Fnglish Church in the City and Diocese of Montreal. His father was John .Vnderson, his mother Mary Petry. His grand- father was Anthony Anderson, of Hcdley Lodge, M.P.I*, for Afegantic, so that the Anderson family is one of the oldest of the Flnglish families in the Province. They came originally from Nortlnmiherland, England, and arrived in Canada near the close of the last cenuiry. Something must be said here of his mother. The mother has a great deal to do in the after career of the son, and we find in the \'enerable Canon some traits tjf that stern justice and inflexible character which must have marked her career in these early days of Colonial life and experience. His mother, Mary Petry, was of old (lerman descent. She was the daughter of Frederick Petry, of Xierstein, on the Rhine, and the niece of Dr. Wiliiam Petry, wi o was Surgeon in the Prussian Army under F'rederick the Great, having the charge of the field Lazaretto under that conipiering Monarch during the Seven Vear->' War. He afterwards served with Gen. Herkimer of New York during the American Revolutionary War. In Stone's " Life of Brandt," honorable mention is made of Dr. Petry, for he was both before and during that fratricidal war a prominent Surgeon of the Mohawk Valley. The family descendcUits remain to this day occupying the original Petry estates in the town of Herkimer New York. Rev. Canon .Anderson received his education at Dr. Wilkes' School, Quebec. GAZETTEER OK .\U)N1 KKAI,. 335 He was ordained Deacon in 1834, and Priest in 1837, by Right Rev. Dr. Moiiniain, IJishop of Quebec. After two years in Qiiel)ec, he first became Curate and then Rector of Sorel in 1839, '^^^^^ since then has ever continued to hold this position. In 1865, lie was appointed Honorary Canon of Christ Church Cathedral by the >retropolitan, liishop Fulford. In 1840, he married Annie C. Henshaw, daughter of John L. Henshaw, of Montreal, and they had a large family of sons and daughters. One daughter married ex-Alderman N. Mercer, of i\[ontreal, and is well known for her assiduity in ev?ry Christian work. Tiie old Canon is still to the fore, and among the i)leasures of th*> writer are those conversations he has had with him on days gunj by — nolai)ly the t.Mubles of 1837-38 and the stirring times of 1849. '^'^'y '"-' '■'''^ years yet to exemplify the truth of the old iMiglish hymn, ■' In the days of my youth I remeiiihereil my God, .■\nd lie Imth not f.jryotteii my ai^c. ' ROBERT ALEXAXDKR I.INDS.W RonKRT Alkxan'Dk.r I.IXDSAY, Kite Accountant IJank of Montreal, died a few weeks ngo at his residence on Drummond .Street. He was in the service of the J]ank of Montreal for thirty-four years, during the latter part of which he occupied the position of Chief Accountant. In 1883, ''^' retired from active service on a pension. He was l)(>rn at Quebec sixty-six years ago, and was a son of the late W. J). Linds;iy, wIid was for a number of years Clerk of the Hou?"e of Commons. Mr. Lindsay was niai- ried twice, first to a daughter of Colonel Dyde and then to a daughter of the late Ivbvard Venner, who survives him, He left five sons and two daughters, the eldest being .Mr. Robert Lindsay, secretary of the Art Association. JOHN WILLL\M MOUNT, M.I)., CM., W'a.s born in Mascouche (.St. Henry), County of L'Assomplion. the 4th of August, 1829. His father was of l"",nglish nationality, his motlier l-'rench Canadian. He is grandson of the late Philip Mount, Escp, M.D., Staff Surgeon m the English .'\rmy. He studieil seven years in the Ste. Therese dcBlainville and L'Assomption Cni- leges^ and graduated in llie Montreal School of .Medicuie ind McCill College, and took his degree in the last Institution in May, 185 1. He began practice in his native place the same year, and was mariied in King- ston, the 9th February. 1854. to Miss Mary Jane Farrell, only sister of the late Kiglu Rev. J. Farrell, first Rom.in Catholic Bishop of Hamilton, Out. He went to .Vctcjn Vale, P.Q., in the fall of i860, during the copper mine fever, wiiere he acquired a great deal of experience, ])rincipally in Surgery, as physician to the Copper .Mine Companies. He came to Montreal in the spring, 1869, where he acquired in a very short time an extensive practice. He was Attending Physician to the Convent of the Holy Names of Jesirs and Mary. Hochelaga, and to the Monastery St. Joseph of the Good Shepherd. He was one of our most respected Aldermen for St. Mary's Ward, and is still a Physician in this Ward. 336 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. WILLIAM WHYTE " Was born ;U Charlestown, in Fifeshire, Scotland, in September, 1843. He was educated at the scliools of his native phice. At the age of eighteen lie entered the service of the North British Railway Company, remaining as a clerk in the same till 1863. In the la:;i-naiued year he came to Canada, and ii])on his arrival joined the Crand Trunk Railway service, receiving the aj^pointment of freigiil clerk at (]ol)ourg, Ontario. In May he was transferred to the freight office at Montreal, occupying a similar position till the early part of 1867, when he became a freight foreman of the sheds. He was afterwards appointed yardm.ister in the Toronto yard; and in 1870 was promoted to the night station age i icy a "^ Montreal. About a year later it was announced to him that he had received the appointment of freight and station agent at Stratford. During the time that he held charge at the latter point, a change was made from the old broad to the standard gauge, and for a full year e.ery passenger and way car load of freight had to be transferred at Strat- ford, entailing an enormous amount of additional labor and trouble on both Mr Whyte and his staff. 15iit his plans were so well laid, and promi)tiy carried out, that little delay and no blockade was occasioned by the change. In 1874, he was moved to London, where he held a similar position till January, 1881. He was then ordered to Toronto, to take the entire charre of the important freight ottices and sheds at that city. In November of the same year the Company acknow- ledged his services by appointing him Assistant-Superintendent of the Cential Divi- sion from Kingston West to Stratford, including the Gait and W:;terIoo branches. After remaining in that position for about a year and a half, he severed his. connec- tion with the Grand Trunk, and accepted tiie position of Genertd Superintendent of the Credit Valley Railway (May, 1883), on the resignation of James Ross. F-oUow- ing this appointment soon came that to the management of the Toronto, Grey and Ilruce, which in September of the same year became a part of the Ontario and (Quebec system, and was afterwards designated the Ontario Division of the Canadian Pacific. When the Ontario and Quebec road was completed m August of 1884, its manage- ment likewise fell under tiie control of Mr. Whyte. What his administration has been since his elevation to this important office is very well known. 'Corporations, it is beer, well said, are bodies without souls, and they are not in the habit of pro- moting a man out of feelings of sentiment or of friendship. But corporations have ejes ; and they are ever on the alert for administrative talent. The genius for the management of railway traffic which Mr. Whyte possesses was perceived, the reader will see, as soon as the opportunity for the dis[)lay of his talents was opened to the subject of this sketch. Mr. Whyte is a man of cpiick insight, and as he possesses a cool and a clear head, it does not take him long to see his way out of a difficulty, and come to a decision. Eminently, it may be repeated, he is an administrator, be- ing above all things swift and expedient, and sound of judgment.' He is an extremely popular railway official ; and in the social life of Toronto, his removal from that city was much regretted. Mr. Whyte married in 1872, Jane, daughter of Adam Scott, of Toronto. There has been issue by this marriage a family of three girls and two boys." HON. I". X. A. TRl'DEI.. GAZKTTliER ()!■' MONTREAL. 337 HON. ANSELME F. X. TRUDEL Is the son of F. X. Trudcl of St. Prospere, District of Three Rivers. He is llio grandson of (IHvicr Trudel, Esq., of Ste. Genevieve de Batiscan, who represented Ciianiplain County in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada f(jr a long period. Mr. Trudel was born at St. Anne de la Perade on the 29th April, 1838. He was educated at Nicolet College, where he distinguished himself by assiduity in his studies. In April, 1864, he mairied Marie Zoe Ainiee, daughter of the Hon. Louis Renaud. He was called to the Bar of the Province in 1861. For a short time in i860 he edited the well-known paper, La Mincrvc. He was during several years Pre- sident of the Ccrcle Litteraire and also oi L' Union Catholique. In 1S69, his services as advocate were secured conjointly with those of the late Mr. Cassidy and L. A. Jette, M.P. (new the Hon. Judge Jette), by the Fahrique of Xotrc Dame de Montreal for the fiimous cause " Guibord." The opinions which he sustained in his speech, touching the freedom of the Roman Catholic Church's complete independence and its civil rights, and the thesis which he developed then on the cjuestion of " La propriete ecclesiastique," gave vent to considerable discussion in the press, and were the subject of tlattering apprecia- tions from many publicists and economists in France, Pelgium and Spain. They determined at first in Canada a certain excitation, and induced the Trustees ( Mar- guilliers) of Notre Dame to decline to employ him (Mr. Trudel) any 1 jore in the case, and even a vote of blame was jjassed condemning his opinions, and is still in the registers of" La Fabrique." This censure cause j\Ir. Trudel to submit his argu- ments to the judgment of the Holy See. His contested opinions were approved of, not only by the most eminent economists of Rome, namely, P. Perone, Drs. De Angelis and Sanguinetti, but the whole pleading was the subject of their praises. He was one of the authors of the Programme Catholique (1871), and has written consider- ably in the various journals and periodicals of the day. From 1867 to 1872 he sustained in the press many polemics on the question of the Rights of the Roman Church, and of its relations with the civil power, 'i'he most important of his works has been published in part in the Revue Canadienne for 1S70-71 under the title of " (^uekpies considerations sur les ra])ports de I'Kglise et de I'Etat," He thought it his duly 10 discontinue publication on account of the irritation that these religious polemics had created among the Roman Catholics of the Province of Quebec. Since the General Elections of 187 1 he sat for Champlain in the (Quebec Assembly, He was called to the high position of Senator of Canada on the 31st October, 1873. He was one of the promoters and organizers of the Canadian Papal Zouaves. Some of his writings have been published in the Echo dii Cabinet de Lecture, in 1861, 1862 and 1863, under the heads of "Destinies of the Canadian People," " Temperance," " Frederick Osanam and his Works." For some years previous to his death he was the ruling spirit as l";ditor-in-Chief and proprietor of L Etendard, one of the most influential French papers in Montreal. >>9 33^ GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. Latterly he was afflicted with heart disease, which at last carried him off a (ew years ago. His eldest son now conducts the paper. Another son is an Advocate of the Montreal Bar. They are born citizens of Montreal, and seem to have the ability of their father, and will yet make their mark. WILLIAM CASSILS '' Was born at Denny, Stirlingshire, Scotland, on the 25th June, 1832, being the eldest son of John Cassils and Margaret Murray. The family removed in 1835 to Rcnton, a village in the vale of Leven, Dumbartonshire, where his boyhood was spent, and where in the parochial school he was educated in such branches as were then taught in that institution. Having relatives in Canada, wiio urged that lie should proceed thither, he sailed from Glasgow in the barque Euclid o\\ April 5lh, 185 1, arriving at Quebec in tlie first week of May. On reaching Montreal a couple of days later, and hearing tliat a young man was wanted to learn operating in the office of tiie Montreal Telegraph Company, iie applied for the situation and was accepted. The Company was then in its infancy ; it owned a single line extending along the highway from Toronto to Quebec, and had fourteen offices in all, between these two points. In November, 1853, Mr. Cassils took charge of the Quebec office, and three years later, the Company having acquired the lines of the British American Telegraph Company, was appointed Eastern Divisional Superintendent. On the nth June, 1856, he married Agnes Simpson, daughter of the late William Hossack of Quebec. Resign- ing the position of Telegraph Superintendent in November, 1866, Mr. Cassils re- moved to Montreal, becoming a member of a commercial firm, from wiiich he retired ten years later. While a resident of Quebec Mr. Cassils commanded the esteem of a wide circle of acquaintances, and in addition to active participation in church and charitable work, was chosen Secretary-Treasurer of the Board of Pro- testant School Commissioners of that city, which position he held during several years. Shortly after retiring from the wholesale trade in Montreal, he became President of the Canada Central Railway Company, which position he retained for three or four years, until 1881, when the line became part of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company's system. His careful methodical habits of business becoming known, his services were i'^ request by other public companies. He subsequently became Receiver of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Railway Company, and now occu- pies the Presidency of the following : the Dominion Transport Company, limited (the cartage agents of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company), the Canadian Dis- trict Telegraph Company, limited ; and of the Electro-Mechanical Clock Company, limited. He is also, we believe, Vice-President of the British American Ranche Company, limited ; and Director of the Montreal Herald Printing and Publishing Company, limited. By no means least in importance of the positions held by Mr. Cassils in connection with public companies is his directorship in the Montreal Telegraph Company, which has 1,680 offices and 30,000 miles of wire scattered over GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 339 Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick, as well as over large parts of Vermont and New York and touching Michigan. His fifteen years of experience in the early days of telegraphy form an interesting chapter in his life. Thirty-three years ago, before the time of submarine cables, the wires were stretched across the St. Lawrence, near Montreal; in summer, masts 210 feet higli being set on either shore, while in winter they were strung on poles stuck in the ice. There were but fourteen offices in the five hundred miles between Quebec and Toronto, and telegrams from the latter city to Montreal cost 3s. 9 J. currency. The modes of transmission, such as the Bain and House system, as well as the more successful Morse system, had not then passed the experimental stage, while the instruments were clumsy, and, measured by the pro- gress of to-day, ineffective and slow. Having been a practical telegrapher, however, ' in the day of small things,' electrically considered, and having watched the deve- lopment of tlie science to its present marvellous stage, the experience and technical knowledge of tlie man we are describing proves of decided service in his capacity of director to-day. ' To be a well-favored man is the gift of fortune,' says the clown in the play, words which are hardly less absurd than the rest of the sentence, ' but readin' and wrilin' comes by natur'.' A man's pleasant looks are far more a matter of disposition, surroundings and descent, than of chance. In temperament as well as in aj)pearance, Mr. Cassils is perceptibly a debtor to his parents, who were both good looking ; the fiitlier being fine-featured and atliletic, the mother (who still sur- vives) fresh and douce. Both were of the spirited, sterling. God-fearing people of whom Scotland has fiirnished so many to this and other lands. Their sons and daughters, eight in number, are all in Canada ; the five sons are among the respected business men of .Montreal, and several of them besides the eldest, whom we are describing, have attained positions of responsibility and prominence in that great city. To be called ' a popular man ' is sometimes an ambiguous compliment. In Mr. Cassils' case, the popularity enjoyed is founded rather upon integrity, geniality and quiet discernment than upon more sliowy bat less admirable qualities." WILLIAM DARLING " Was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1819, and when he was in his twenty-first year came to Canada, establishing himself shortly afterwards at Montreal, where so dis- tinguished and honorable a business career awaited him. His father having adopted commerce in Edinburgh, the son resolved to try his fortune in the same sphere of activity in our new country. He entered into the iron and hardware trade, and re- mained connected with the same till the time of his death, achieving a wide measure of success. Mr. Darling married Miss Davidson, of Edinburgh, and there were eight children by the union, two of whom died in infancy. Two girls grew to maturity, one of whom married Dr. G. W. Ross, of Montreal, and died suddenly within a year of her marriage ; the other died unmarried, f Four sons grew up with their father's business, and were associated with him as partners. William and James remained in Montreal, Andrew and Thomas J. went to Toronto, and took charge of the busi- 340 GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. ness there, while William Darling, the subject of this memoir, continued up to the time of his death a partner in both firms. He was the eldest brother of Henry W. Darling and Robert Darling, of 'I'oronto, and of Thomas and Adam Darling, of Montreal. The business of the two hcniscs which Mr. Darling controlled reached every part of the several provinces, and while its style never changed, its methods of operation always brought credit to the deceased founder for honorable and ui)right dealing. Since 1840, he has been constantly and prominently identified with the commercial and political interests of Montreal. For many years he was a member of the C(juncil of the 15oard of Trade, and for several terms its president. When the Merchants Ikink was in trouble several years ago, such was the confidence (jf his fellow business men in Mr. Darling's clear-sightedness, that he was called by unanimous voice of the shareholders to take \)an in the management of the JJank. It was largely due to Mr. Darling's iiifluence that George Hague was called to this Hank, and the deceased merchant was thereafter Mr. Hague's right-hand man. In 1878, Mr. Darling was the Liberal candidate for Montreal West, when lie was defeated by M. H. Gault. Mr. Darling was an intimate friend of tJie Hon. Alexander Mac- kenzie, Hon. Edward Blake, and the late Hon. L. H. Holton. On commercial law, his opinion was regarded as second to that of no lawyer in the Dominion, and he was largely concerned with Mr. Abbott in framing the Insolvency Act that was re- pealed in 1879. He was selected by the Mackenzie Government as commissioner to expropriate lands for the enlarged Lachine Canal, and so well was his work appreciated, that on the change of Government Sir John Macdonald retained him in that position till his duties were completed. He died at his residence at Hochelaga, on the i8th of November, 1885, of inflammation of the lungs. "The character of Mr. Darling was the very higliest, andhe was a man of si)len- did abilities. Modesty is often associated with men of the highest worth, and this was eminently so in the case of Mr. Darling, and, as pointed out by a leading news- paper after his death, his shyness often kept him in the background when liis talents would have taken him to the front. At a meeting of the directors of ilie Merchants Bank of Canada, the following resolution was passed ; — ' That the direc- tors of the Merchants Bank of Canada desire to place on record their deep sense of the loss the Bank and mercantile community have sustained in the death of their late esteemed colleague, Mr. William Darling. His large experience and sound judgment were uniformly used in the advancement of the interests of the Bank, and his assiduous attention to the many important matters brought before the lioard greatly contributed to the i)Osition the Bank now occupies in the community. The directors beg to convey to the widow and family of the deceased their sincere con- dolence on the loss they have sustained, and for the purpose of duly conveying to them this mark of appreciation and sympathy, direct that a copy of this minute, duly engrossed and signed, be forwarded by the President and General Manager on be- half of the Bank. Andrew Allan, President; G. Hague, General Manager.' The Council of the Board of Trade of Montreal passed the following : ' Resolved — that GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. 341 the Council of ihc Montreal Hoard o( Trade fully recognizes tiie valuable and varied services so luiliringly rendered to the commercial and trade interests of this city by the late William Darling, Ksq., during the many years in which he served as a member of the Council, and afterwards as President of the Hoard, and the Council now records its deep sense of the loss sustained by Montreal in his de- cease ; that a copy of this resolution be communicated to the bereaved family, together with an ex|)ression of the sincere sympathy of tiie Council. I'ermit me to say, that I personally share in the regrets of the Council, and lender also my respectful condolence, I am, dear sir, yours sincerely, W. |. Patterson, Secre- tary; William Darling, l'".s(|.' Mr. Darling was often consulted by his brother merchants, and was frequently called as arbitrator between them, as well as for the Government in disputes that would otherwise have been carried bef(jre the higher Courts in the Dominion, He was much devoted to farming and gardening, and these occui)ations he carried on to some extent at his residence, JJloomfield House, Hochelaga." JOHN KEADK '■ ^V^\s born at Jjallyshannon, County Donegal, Ireland, on the 13th November, 1S37. He was educated at Portora, Royal School, I'lnniskillen. and (Vaeen's ('oUege, Hel- fast. He came to Canada in 1856, and assisted by some fiiends established the Montreal Literary .]fa^i^azinc\ which, though favonibly received by the press, failed for want of support from the ])ublic. Mr. Reado afterwards became associated for a time with the Montreal Gazette, and passed some years between journalism and jiri- vate tuition. In 1859, he began the study of Daw, passing the i)reiiminiary examina- tion, but learning that the Rectorship of Lachule College was vacant, he applied for the situation, which he obtained, retaining the same for three years. During this time he was able to pursue the study of Theology, and in 1864-65 was ordained by Bishop Fulford as a clergyman, and in that capac:ity served in the Eastern Town- ships. In 1868-9, ^I''- Heade had charge of a Church of England journal in Mon- treal, and renewed his connection with the ])ress of the latter city, which connection has since continued, J"'or the last sixteen years, with the exception of an interval of a year or so spent in the country, Mr. Reade has been connected with the Montreal Gazette. Since 1874 he has been regularly on its staff as literary and assistant general editor. But it is as an author, as the writer of verse, that Mr. Reade has the greatest claim upon the biographer. Among his contributions to the higher class literature may be mentioned, ' The Prophecy of Merlin and other Poems,' Dawson Brothers, 1870. Since the appearance of this volume, Mr. Reade has written more than enough to make another book, which it is lioped the public will shortly see. Our author has also written a number of translations, including pas- sages from the Greekof Homer, .'Eschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Pindar and Lucien ; from the Latin of Horace, Ovid, Virgil, etc. ; from the French of Lamartine, Be- ranger, Andre Chenier, Victor Arnault; and of Canadian poets, Madame Glendon- 34* GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. wyn (Miss Chauvcau), Dr. Hubert LaRue, V. R. Angers, etc. ; from t lie German of Herder, .Schiller, Koerner, Heine, etc. ; and from the Italian of Leopardi, Caterina Franceschi, Alfieri, etc, .Some of the latter translations were highly commended in the lico t/'/fa/ia, of New York. Mr. Reade has also written some tales : — ' Winty Dane's Transformation,' ' The De Chalneys,' ' The Kcclestons,' etc. He has con- tributed either prose or verse to every magazine or review that has been started in Canada during tlie last thirty years ; r.nd he purposes publishing soon a volume of essays on subjects connected wi'h Canadian history, literature, etc. Some of these were papers read before the Montreal Athenaeum, Kukios Club, Literary and His- torical Society of Quebec (of which Mr. Reade is an honorary member), the Royal Society, etc. Others were delivered as lectures, and others contributed to magazines, while several have not been in any way made known to the public. Among the collection are these: 'Were the Ancient Britains savage or civilized?' 'Thomas D'Arcy IS^r^'iee as a Poet,' 'Exploration before Columbus,' 'History in Geogra- phical Names,' ' The Origin of Canadian Geographical Names,' ' Origin and Early History of the Alphabet,' 'The Half-breed,' 'Language as Indicating Conquest,' * British Canada in the Last Century,' ' Some Curious Kinships — an Essay in Phil- ology,' 'The Ethnology of Canada,' and a critical and historical sketch of * Cana- dian Literature.' This work will probably be published soon. .Some of Mr. Readc's historical papers have been translated into French. One of them, a review of Abbe Desmazure's admirable biography of Abbe Taillon, author of the •' Histoire de la Colonic Francaise," and quite a library of other works, was translated and published in Paris in one volume. Of the work of Mr. Reade there has been but the one verdict by all the critics, namely, that it is fine and true, exhibiting all those varieties of excellence that go to make verse imperishable. Writing to Mr. Reade of the volume referred to, the late William Cullen Bryant said : ' It is no small merit in my eyes that you have avoided that misty phrase- ology in which so many poets of the day are accustomed to wrap up their reflec- tions, and that you clothe yours in a transparent, luminous diction.' John J. Whittier describes 'Dominion Day' as 'a fine outburst of patriotic song,' and bestows general praise upon Mr. Reade's work. A like commendation came to the author from Longfellow. But hosts of competent critics have employed their pens in praise of Mr. Reade's work, and the paper by L'Abbe Verreau, in the Reinie de Alontreal, is a comprehensive tribute to the achievements of our author. We produce the following stanza?, ' Thalatta, Thalatta,' for they exhibit so many qualities, grace, ease, fervor and the lyrical lament : — In my ear is the moan of the pines — in my heart is the song of the sea, And I feel his salt breath on my face as he showers his kisses on me ; And I hear the wild scream of the gulls, as they answer the call of the tide, And I watch the fair sails as they glisten like gems on the breast of a bride. GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 343 II. From the rock where I stand to the sun is a pathway of s.ipphire and gold, Like a waif of those I'atmian visions that rapt the lone seer of old ; And it seems to my soul like an omen that calls me far over the sea — But I think of a little white cottage and one that is dearest to me. III. Westward ho ! Far aw.iy to tiie Fast is a cottage tliat looks to the shore — Though each drop in tlie sea were a tear, as it was I can see it no more — For the heart of its pride with the flowers of tlie ' Vale of the Shadosv ' reclines, And — hushed is the song of the sea and hoarse is the moan of the pines. This is at once true to nature and the Iieart of humanity, witliout wliich qualities death must wait upon all verse. How accurately the discerning eye of Mr. Hryant judged of tlie quality of such work, for if ever diction was transparent and luminous, the above surely is, and like the above is all of Mr. Reade's verse." DAVID TORRANCE. " Mr. Torrance, during his lifetime one of Montreal's most successful and dis- tinguished merchants, was of Scotch parentage. He was born in New York in 1805, and died in Montreal, January 29th, 1876. When yet a boy lie came to Kingston, Upper Canada (now Ontario), with his fatlier, James Torrance, who was then extensively engaged in business in that town. In 182 1, he removed to Montreal, and became a clerk with hi.i uncle, tlie late John Torrance, who kept a place of busi- ness at the corner of St. Paul and St. Nicholas streets. By his close attention to his duties, and aptitude to the work, he rapidly rose in iiis employer's estimation, which ended in iiis being taken into partnership in 1833. During his clerkship tiie late Rev. Dr. Wilkes and the late Hon. John Young were engaged in the same establish- ment. With the view of extending the business of the concern, in 1835 ^^'^- Torrance entered into partnersiiip with Mr. Young, of Quebec, under the firm name of Torrance & Young ; and on tiie retirement of tiie late John Torrance, the senior member, the firm's name was clianged to that of D. Torrance & Co., which continued to the date of his demise, his partners being for many years Thomas Cramp, and his son John Torrance. In 1826, the old firm purchased a tug and passenger boat, the Hercules, from John Handyside & Co., and placed it under the command of Captain Brush, who afterwards became the proprietor of the Eagle Foundr\-, Montreal. This was the first step towards the establishment of an opposition line to the Molsons' steam- boats, then plying on the St. Lawrence, and its stock was eventually merged in that of the Richelieu Steamboat Company (now the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company). Mr. Torrance was early alive to the great future in store for Montreal, and was the first to launch out into direct trade with the East Indies and China, and 344 GAZET'IKKK OK MONTKEAL. for over thirty yc.irs tlie nanie ofliis firm lias been well known in llu' great Eastern centres of commerce. As a business man he was remarkable for great force of character ;ind determination. Tiiis, combined with unflinching industry and regular habits, made th(; immense business of the firm move ahead with jirecision. An old friend ofliis once said of him. ' IK' was a model mnn in regard to his business and social habits, and in the days of his prosjierily was as regular in his attendance at the counting house as when he first started in business. His ambition was great, but tein|)ered with prudence, and though he engaged in commercial ventures in other cities than Montreal, yet was uniformly successful.' Jk-sides his ])romotion of com- merce and navigation, he likewise proved himself a stay to our banking system, and after holding office for a long time as one of the Directors of the Hank of Montreal, he was in 187.^ elected President, which responsible position he held at the lime of his death. His firm was also one of the originators of the Dominion .Steamship Company. While largely engaged in ocean commerce, his capital and resources were also de\()led to tlu' carrying on of our inland forwarding trade. He was a dili- gent merchant, and did not nn;ddle mucli in jjiiblic affiirs. though he was a consis- tent f-iberal in i)olitics throughout. To all benevolent and charitable schemes he was a frecpieiU and liberal giver. He was always ready to aid the distressed and bring joy to those in want, and the main feature in this regard was the unostentatious way ill which he helped those in need. He was a member of the .St. James Street Methodist Churchy and at the time of his death was one of its trustees. He was, in fact, the thorough type of a merchant jirince, a representative of a class which, unfortun- ately, is far too small in these latter days. He was married to his cousin, the eldest daughter of the late John 'I'orrance. He was in feeble health some years ])revious to his death, and had only a few months before to forego active business, and when death at last came he passed away cpiietly, surrounded by his sorrowing family." HON. GEORGE. DUIIAMEL. His ancestors came from Jhelon, in France, and settled in Canada at the beginning of the 17th century. He was born in Uelceil, ist January, 1(855, and educated at the College of Marieville. He married at Montreal, 3otli January, 1.SS3, Miss M. C. A. Dugas, daughter of the late Dr. Adolphe Dugas, a prominent patriot in 1S37-38. He is an yVdvocate of (Quebec Bar. He was first returned to the I.egislative Assembly, 14th December, 1886, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the member-elect, Mr. Demers. He was sworn a member of the Executive Council and appointed Solicitor-General, 29th January, 1887. He with the other members of the Executive Council at Quebec was dismissed by the Lieut.-Governor Angers, on the 22nd December last, but will again run in the coming election. He was the junior partner of the extensive law firm of Adam . E. Dorion, Esq., mem- ber for Drummond and Artliabaska, died, he was offered the candidature of these two large constituencies. Considering, however, that general elections would soon be held under the Confederation Act, he declined, in order not to submit the counties to a second election within so short a time. When the General Elections took place he was asked to stand for the County of Chambly and also for Drummond and Artliabaska. He was very reluctant to accept either on account of his professional business, but the elections being considered so important, he ran for Chambly for the Federal House, and Drummond and Artha- baska for the Local. Not having been able to attend either the nomination or votation in Drummond and Arthabaska, he was defeated by a very small majority, and his co-candidate, Mr. Senecal, was returned. He was raised to the Bench some time after this, and died some years ago in Montreal. /'■ \ H. C. ST. PIKRRK, U.C. GAZKTTiSr.R Ol' MONTRKAL. 35.? II. C. ST. I'IKRRK, Q.C. 'I'liK siiljjccl (jf this sketch was l)oru at St. Madeloine ilc Kigaud, I3lh Scptcinbcr, iult thus obtained inspired the following lines from a friend of his : De ce nouveau succes qu'il ajoute a tant d'auties Je viens f^liciter I'ami Santitm Petniin. Gr.ice ^ lui Sir Benson passe au rang des Apotres. " Non licet omnibus adire Corinthum." Next comes the case of McOrath for the murder of Holdcn. McGrath liad cui Holden's throat with a razor. Mr. St. Pierre was assisted by Mr. McCormick. (JA/I.ITI.I.U 1)1' MONlkKAl- 355 Mc(iratli was found guilty of niatislauglilcr, wliicli w.u tlic pica offcicJ all .iloii.; by the dcfciiHc. Mr. St. I'icrre was a|)i)oiute(l (Queen's Counsel, January, iSSy, aiul no man of tlvj J)ar of Monlroal has achiuvcd such a ropulaMon as ihc subject of this sketch in the Criminal Courts. lie stands side by side with lion. J. A. Ch.ipleau, who twenty years ago was the great criminal lawyc-r of the city. lie is in the prime of life, and may he be long spired to bi' an ornamjnt to the profession. SAMl'SOX 1'. RiJlilNS, M.A, I,l-.l)., Was born at f'eversham, CouuiV of K.e;)t, Iviglaiul, 2G1U January. rS?_^. His father was the Rev. Paul Robins, Mmister of the IJible Christian Ciiurcli, and Ann N'icker (a good old Welsh l-'-iiglish name) was his wife. They are an old Cornw.ill family, tliough his mother originally hails from the Trincipality of Wales. He came to Canada in 1846 with his parents, they settling at I'eter- borough, Ont. Here he had the good f)rtune to come under the notice of the Rev. K. C. Taylor, the Rector of the i'arish and Head Master of ilie (Irammar Sciiool. Like the Writer of this sketch, he began teiching at sixteen years of age. He was a born educator, and at this ag.- taught his first school in the Township of Drummond, County of Victoria, Onl. i''iom this place he removed to Northumberland, where he taught three years. In 1S51, Mr. Robins went to Toronto and entered as a pupil in the Normal School. After teaching in this school and the Motlel School for more than three years, he was appointed Head Master of the Central School of the Town of Urant- ford. When the Normal School was established in Montreal in 1.S57, Mr. Robins removed to the Metropolis to become one of the Professors in that institution, and he continued to fill that position for the next thirteen years. Meantime he con- nected himself with the .\rts Course of Mc(iill University, did double work while an undergraduate, and was made J5..'\. in 1863, and M.A. in 1868. The degree of LL.D. was given him from his Alma Mater in 1880. Dr. Robins is a first-class mathematician, and came to Montreal as the Professor of Mathematics in the Normal School. He has been Superintendent of the Protestant Schools of Montreal. He is one of our most energetic and well-known teachers, and as an educator has not his equal in the Province. A year or two ago he was appointed the Principal of the Protestant Normal School, a position which he richly deserved for his long series of labors in the cause of education in the Province of Quebec. The Protestant Schools under the control of the School Commissioners of Montreal give a great deal of their advancement, usefulness and reputation to his ever fostering-care. His able and zealous exertions in the cause of education can never be surpassed. He married, in 1834, Miss Elizabeth Hore, of Camborne, Ont,, but she died in 1867. He again married, in 1871, Miss Jane Dougall, of Montreal. Mrs, Robins 356 GAZEITKER t)F MONTREAL. deserves a jiassing remark. She was at llic time of lier marriage a teacher in the city, and one of the best in Montreal. .She luul a remarkable forte for Malhematies and occult sciences, but it is presumed, like many others, her children and household cares have prevented her from advancing still further in those branches in which she had excelled. Dr. Robins is a member of the Methodist Church, and has been an office bearer in that Christian body for nearly forty years. He is a class leader and local jjreacher, and as untiring in his religious duties as he has ever been in his educational. Some of his children are, like their father and mother, born teachers. If a general Protes- tant Superintendent of all the schools in (Quebec Prcnince, and of all the Inspectors of those schools, should, as it is intended, be ai)pointed, no man is more fitted to fill the position than Dr. Robins, antl Uie (Government will do well to appoint him, leaving all considcnUions of class or pijlitics, as the right man in the right jjlace. JOSEPH FROni.^llER Was one of those who in the winter of 17S3-4. wi:h .Simon Mc'l'avish. formed what has been known in Canadian History as the " Xorth-W'est Comjiany." He was the first to proceed to the great unknown AVest, and went as far as the Churchill River. Up to 1774, all the Imlians of that vast region were accustomed to carrv their fuis to the Hudsons Bay. Mr. Frobisher meeting several bands of Indians on the way thither induced them to trade with him. He lemained two years in the countr\-, enduring great hardships, but established a firm tnule with the Ri:d Men. He re- turned in 1776, and during these two years, so plentiful were the furs in those days, and bought on such advantageous terms, that when he arrived in Montieal lie had scctired what was at that time counted a competency. His brother lienjamin, who died in 1787, travelled even further West, antl was the lirst white man who ever reached '' Isle a la Croix." In 1798, Joseph retired from commercial life. He had come from England, and with James McClill was a vestryman of what was then called the '• I'rotestant Con- gregation of Montreal." This afterwards became Christ Cluirch, erected in Notre Dame street, and burned down. Ii is now the I'.nglish Cathedral in St. Catherine street. He and John Richardson represented the Mast Ward of Montreal in the very first Parliament of Lower Canada in 1792. His son represented St. Laurent District in 1804. With John Gray, Daniel Sutherland and several others, he formed the first Com- ])any, in 1801, to construct water works for the city. Lie received a grant of no less than X 1.550 acres of land from Governor Milncs in 1802. This property was situ- ated in the Township of Ireland, and in the next Township a hill to this day is called '■ Lrobisher Hill." He built a fine large residence and called it " Jieaver Hall," after the way he had made his fortune. It was burnt down in 1847, but the name will ever remain as at this day in that part of Montreal, " Beaver Hall Hill." OAZKTTKKR OF MONTREAL. 357 RICHARD WHITE, J5R0THF.R of the late Hon. Thomas White, was born in the city of ()uel)e(% 1S35, In 1S53, in conjunction with Iiis brother, lie estahHsiicd the Peterborough Kivi('-uu Richard attended to tlie business, and Thomas undertook the editorial management of die journal. in 1865, they llien became the possessors of the Hamilton Spec- tator, which they controlled for the next tive years. In 1870, tiiey purchased the Montreal irazettc. This is one ot'the oldest newspapers in ("anada, liaving been founded in 1778. In r879 the name was changed from T. i\: R. Whi.e to "The Ga/ette Printing Com[)any.'' Mr. K. White was ap[)ointed managing director, which position he continues to hold to the present day. 'Hie Company also [)rints the Lci^al yews-, Montrrd/ Liii^i Reports, the Canada M^edical Journal and the Edueational Rceord. In 1886, he was elected as one of tjie Aldermen of Montreal. It was during the smail-pox ejiidemic that Mr. W'liite displayed much energv and did a great amount of good. After his tenure of office he retired, as all his lime is re([uired for the immense business of the hrm. He married Jane Riddle, daughter of John Riddle, for many years a citizen of Montreal. His eldest son, W. j. White, IS. C.I-., is an advocate in the city. Mr. White '\.. T,ay Secretary to the Synod of the Diocese of Montreal, and never misses the annual meeting, where he is always listened to with much aitention. HON. LOUIS ADELARl) SEXHCAL. His ancestors came from l-'rance, his father being a farmer in County of Vercheres, P.(1>. Born at \'arennes, loth July, 1829, and educated there and in r)Urlington, U.S., he married, in 1850, Delpliine, daughter of I-ieut. -Colonel Dansereau, merchant, Vercheres. He was Commander of the Legion d'Honneur, France. He was a Mnancier and President of the Richelieu and Diitaiio Navigation Company, was Genera! Superintendent of the Government Railways of the Province of (Quebec, and ['resident of the North Shore kailway and of the Montreal (.ity Passenger Kail- way. He opened to navigation, in 1857, the Yamaska River, between Sore! and St. Aime, and the St.. Francis River between Sorel and St. I-'rancis. He constructed the Richelieu, Drummond and Arthabaska Railway, now a portion of the South Eastern Railway; the Laurentian Railway, from St. Therese to St. Lin; the St. Kustache Railway, from St. Therese to St. Eustache ; the Jierthier Railway ; the Lanoraie, Joilctte and St. Felix de Valois Railway: the L'.Vssoniption Railway; and the Basses Laurentides Railway. He built and worked for two winters, what was one of the greatest wonders of modern railroading and the constant object of interest to natives as well as strangers, viz., the Ice Railway on th'" St. Lawrence, from Montreal to Longueuil. He sat in the (-ommons for Dnmimoiul and Artha- baska from 1867 to 1871, and in the Quebec Assembly from 1867 to 1872. He was called to the Senate 12th March, 1887, and died some years ago. He was well styled "The Railway King." 35S GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. WILLIAM CHRISTIAN MUNDERLOII, C.l-.RMAN CONSUL. He was born in Elsflelh, Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, (lerma'iy, on 8lh September, 1831. His fatiier's name was Heinrich .N[Linderloh and Iiis moilier's Mela von Liencn. In the year 1847, ^'^^ ^'^^^ '^'^ liirtliplace for Bremen, wliere h;; served four years as ap])rentice in a dry goods iiouse. He remained till 1857 •'^ Bremen, occupying the position as clerk in a dry goods establishment. In the -pring of 1857, he was fortunate in obtaining an engagement as clerk in a Montreal wholesale dry goods house, and arrived on 15th June same year, and on the following day entered his new position, which he held for about three years. He was two years the traveller, which gave him an excellent opportunity of getting a thorough knowledge of what was then called Ui)per and Lower Canada, and was convinced thai the possibilities of Canada, were very great, and liking the country and its inhabitants very much, he made up his mind to make Canada his adopted country. ]5efore he left (Germany he had promised his aged father that he would return in about three years, and consequently lie sailed from Portland in the fall of i860, and reached his native i)lace jusl in time to meet his father once more alive, as he died in January, i86[. He again started for Canada in the same year, and shortly after commenced business (wholesale dry goods) on his own account 3 but irni)orting dry goods from the Continent at that time did not offer sufficient scope to extend his business, and as he saw a fair chance in t'le shipping between Canada and the Continent of Kurope, he endeavored to add that branch to his importing business, it was uphill work and a difhcult role In fill a lew sailing-vessels with Canadian goods, but the commence- ment was mnde, and he had the satisfaction to see that four or five ships were con- signed to his firm. IJy perseverance the trade developed considerably, so that he could safely recommend to his friends in Antwerp the adoption of sending a few steamers instead of sailing-vessels to Montreal. His advice was taken, and soon sailirg-vessels were abandoned and steamers took their ])lace ; but the service was not regidar. Only when the Dominion Government came to his assistance in granting a moderate subsidy, he succeeded in eslablishing a fortnightly line. On recommendation of the late large-hearted and patriotic Premier, Sir John A. Macdonald, he was enabled to close a contract with the Dominion Government for five years ; but at the end of five years there was no need of renewing the contract, as the trade between Canada and the Continent of lMiro])e had sufticienlly developed to carry on a regular Steamshij) Line without Government assistance. 'I'he Hansa Line Steamship Company of Hamburg with nine first-class steamships, most of them built during the last three years ex[)ressly for the ('anadian trade, have given abundant proof that it was a wise step on the jiart of the (iovernment to foster the trade between Canada and the Continent of Kurope in the way indicated, and that Mr. Munderloh's conception regarding the GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 359 possibilities of Canada was correct. Nearly every week during the navigation of the St. Lawrence a steamer loaded with Canadian producls sails from Montreal to Hamburg and other continental ports, and during the summer season llie (rerman flag can now be seen in our port every day, indicating that Canada extends her trade with foreign nations and the great continental ])owers of the German Emi)ire. In the year 187 1, he was ai)poinled Imperial German (Consul at Montreal by His Majesty the late I'aiiperor William, who, after he had filled the honorary office for nearly fifteen years, was pleased to decorate him with the Crown Order (Golden Cross). He holds the oftice up to the present date, and has served during llie life of three iMnperors of (^icrmany, viz: William I. ['"rederick, and William II, the present Emperor. For years he has been President of the German Ijcnevolenl. Society of this city, and holds this position at the jjresent lime. He has fre([uenlly served on the Council of the Montreal IJoard of Trade, and was appointed again to that important ])osilion at the last general election. He married a Montreal lady, a daughter of the house of lilaekadder, a name once very familiar in McMitreal, but like some of our old English and Scotch names gradually dying out, or only perpetuated in the daughters, with, their cliangcd mairicd names. He has two sons and one daughter, and is a well-known alteiulaiu in Cri.'.;ci'nt Street Cliurch, over which at ])resent presides the amiable Rev. Dr. McKay. 11. HLITCIIIXS. ■■ .\.M()Nc. the many proofs of Montreal's greatness as a c)mm }rcial centre none are more often cpiolel, and rightly so, than that of the extensive and tlourishing Keal Instate business done here. Many i)rominent merchants are engaged in this pmsuil, and it is needless to say that to succeed well, in this progressive age, as a Real Estate dealer, a man must be wide-awake and of superior judgment and ability : among these are Messrs. Hutchins cr, 1S25. Kis father was Joseph Robillard, and his mother Rose Aussem, lioth belonging to ancient faniih'es of Montreal. His father was one of tile oldest officers of the Montreal Corporation. After his classical education he studied widi Dr. Wolfred Nelson, in October, 1842, and continued till 1846, during which time he also attended the course of the Canadian Medical School, of which he was appointed, yet a student, Demonstrator of Anatomy. Admitted to practise i6tli November, 1846, he was ai)pointed one of the Medical attendants in tlic Quarantine of Grosse Isle in the summer of 1847, during the ship fever. He also became a member of the Medical College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. In the fall of 1847, he left for New York, where he continued iiis sur- gical studies under the celebrated Dr. Robert Nelson, one of the greatest surgeons of his time. In 1848, Dr. Rnbillard was appointed Surgeon of the N.Y. iS: Krie R.K. while in construction. Sul)se(piently lie went to Paris to attend the courses of the different Medical Faculties during the years 1849-1850, after which he returned to resume his duties on the N.Y. iS: Erie R.R. as Surgeon. On his way back on board the Packet ll'^ater/00, Dr. Robillard as Surgeon of the ship established so strict a sanitary cordon that, though tiie cholera was at the time raging in Liverpool, not one of the passengers was sick during the passage. Dr. Robillard received a complimentary address from the passengers on the arrival of the ship at New York. He was forced to leave the United States in about two years or so in consequence of sickness whicli was contracted during his surgical operations in the West, and then returned to Canada. He was appointed in 1854 one of the Surgeons of the G. T. R. R. Contractors during the construction of the Victoria Bridge for the space of eight years, in the course of which time he had opportunities to perform many of the most remarkable operations of surgery, very honorably mentioned in the work of Mr. Hodges on the Victoria IJridgc. His post being at Pointe Claire, the people of the locality elected him first the Mayor and afterwards he was the Warden of the County of Jacques Cartier. In the fall of 1854, he married Miss Adeline Loranger, sister of the Judges, Priest and Lawyer of the same name. In 1859, he was elected by the members of the College of Surgeons and Doctors of Canada one of the Governors and Examiners. From 1868 to 1874 he was the Registrar of the College. Dr. Robillard has a Diploma of the Medical College of Philadelphia. He is also a member of the Cana- dian Medical Association of the Dominion since 1868, and was its treasurer in 1870. In 1873, the Bishop's College of Lennoxville conferred upon him the honorary title oi Ad EiiHiicm, being a spontaneous confirmation of his Diploma. He now resides entirely in Paris and visits Montreal occasionally. ^H ^^|X ■ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Kb'^'- ^^^^^^Bb^^BPf^^^^^^^^H J. C. WILvSON. GAZKTTKKR OF MONTKKAL. 36I J. C. WILSON, M. P. The contents of this skctcli arc principally taken from a succinct bii)grai)hy wrilicn for one of the most inllucnlial nc\vs[)apcrs in the North of Ireland (Ulster). What the Irish paper declares is well borne out in Montreal by all who know Mr. Wilson. A man of progress, development and push, he has stayed at nothing which will in iiis business advance tiie interests of his adopted city and country. The inhabitants of Lachule and neighborhood have much to thank Mr. Wilson for, that he has established such an extensive industry in their midst, and tleveloped their locality to such an extent, that the manufactured paper of this mill is well known in the l-'-nglish I'.mpire. He has been one of the most intelligent and i)raise\vorthy merchants of Montreal, remembering always the city of his adoption. '• Mr. Wilson was born in the County .Vntrim, near the town of Kasharkin, in US41, and his family came soon after to Canada. The elder ^[r. Wilson was what is known in Ireland as a 'handyman,' and could use carpenter's tools lo good advantage. He was by these means enabled to secure a position as pattern maker in St. Mary's Foundry, Montreal, at which occupation he gave great satisfaction, and succeeded in proving the old saw, ' Where there's a will there's a way.' When only twelve years of age the subject of our present sketch was apprenticed to learn the trade of a machinist. His inclination ran in the line of mechanics (snme tools made by him when he was fourteen years of age he is prt)ud of exhibiting), but he met with a severe accident which prevented him from completing his specified term. Through the influence and sympathy of kind friends, he was placed in McGill Normal School in this city. He was not long in this establishment until he gave practical assurance to his benefactors that the money invested in his education was not thrown away; for he graduated, and received a diploma for teaching in 1S59, and became teacher of the Beauharnois Dissentient School, over which he successfully presided for three years. At this time he began lo realize the fact, "Once a teacher, always a teacher." He saw that his duties as preceptor did not afford him sufficient scope for his latent energies, the exercise of which he desired should result in financial success. With this in view he went West and accepted a position in a bookstore in the town of J5elleville, in Ontario, where he remained for some time, gaining that insight into the trade which enabled him to claim a higher position in more extensive houses. His patience and energy were soon rewarded by the offer of a position in a large [)ublishing and newspajjcr house in Toronto, which he accepted. 'Onward' and ' Excelsior ' were still his mottoes, and in the fall of 1863 he went to New Vork, and was not long in obtaining a position in the publishing house of T. W. Strong. Here again his indefatigable perseverance asserted itself. Encountering many difti- cullies such as a peculiar mode of doing business, and the difference in surround- ings, he fought against all odds, and by strict and careful application to business, he attracted the attention of the head of the firm, and his untiring efforts in his interest resulted in his eventually assuming the responsible position of manager of the entire concern. ' '~' " '" ~~' 362 GAZKTTEKR OV MONTREAL, " lie remained in New York until he married (Mrs. \\'ils()ii is a (Canadian lady), when the love of home surronndings recalled him to Montreal. In 1S67, he entt-rcd the employment of Annus, l,ogan and Com|)any, wholesale stationers anrl jiaper manufacturers (now the Canada Paper Company) as their l)ookkeei)er. After remain- ing three years and a half in that position his old time energy again asserted itself, and he concluded by making a venture on his account. With the assistance of his employers he started a Paper Hag Factory, in which were maniiractured s'.iccessfully the J/'/s/ machineniide paper bags that were placed on the market in all Canada. Tin: business was a success from its inception, and continued to be a succi'ss, nnd the assistance reiuii'red to Mr. Wilson by his immediate former employers was soon repaid, and their kindness reciprocated in a practical manner, foi' he became one of their largest and best customers. " It is ciiaracteristic of the i)vesent age that men are ever on the alert to inlroduce some idea into \ery old existing princi|)les of action. At the head of most success- ful maiuifacturiiig eiiterjirises do we find praclic.d men of experimental tuiii, who .ire constantly endeavoring to sccairi' here a little, and there a little gain on tlie difiiculties wliich environ ail sorts of jirodiiction, and their success it is that enable-, our voting n.uioii.il ciueipiises to be buoyed up against the difficulties wiiii which they have to contend. '• Mr. Wilson started first on what may be justly termed a,n infant scale. .At the outsL't two tlats of a building were sulficienl, but these in a short time were found to be too iimileil to meet the demands of an exlensisely increasing trade, and it thus became necessary to -^ecure more room from time to time until the block of buildings of tlie^e stores with sjx il.its each wrre sei'ured. in 18S0. Mr. Wilson foiiml his paper and juper bag tradi,' so extensive, and his reipiirements so great that they could 11 »t be salisfactorilv nn't by the outside paper mills, and it became nec.ess.iry that he should have a m.inufactory entirely under his control. With this object in view he selected Lachute. a small town within an hour .and twenty minutes' ride by rail from .Montreal, on the CaiKulian Pacific Railway, as the most convenient site for his pro|)osed operations. Here, ii])on an excellent water-power, he erected a mill, and eipiipped it with all the latest antl in)^t im|)roved machinery. I''ive years later the trade had grown to great proportions, and a larger turn out of paper was recpiii'ed to meet the new ilemands. Another mill was ere<:ted adjoining the lirst. In point of architecture these structures are both s(jlid and ornamental, being built of stone, with cut-stone Iriiiunings. and otherwise exhibiting the most elaborate modern garnish, 'i'he cost of thc^e buildings reaches .^175, 000, and by the emplo3'menl of about seventy-five ex|)eit hands, they turn out seven tons of i)aper daily. " .\fter the mills had been doubled, the trade of the fact )ry and warehouses in Montre.d, founded in 1S70, had grown to such an extent that the three stores of six tlats each woie found insufficient to contain the machinery, or the employees necess.uy to meet the requirements of the fast growing trade; and, finding that the dimensions of the ])uilding could not i)e increased, .Mr. Wilson resolved to construct f)ne f.AZl.TTl'KR OK MONIREAI.. 363 ihal would approiJtiale all llif demands of his business. With this ohjcct in view ho acquired a number of houses on Western Craii;' street, pulled them down, and raised a magnificenl eii^ht-story slruclure^certaiidy the most imposing; upon that ihoiou^di- faro, and as a warehouse has no ecjuai in Canada to day. " In the interest of the business there are eighteen travellers constantly on the road, covering the territoi'v from Newfoundland to Hritish Columbia. 'I'he extent of commercial dealings may be estimated at above half a million dollars annually. ■' Mr. Wilso 1 has, however, not selfislilv c )nfi le 1 his energies t ) the ere(Uio:i of his own fortunes ; but has contrived to devote a. large mc.isure of his time and wisdom t > the advancement of s icieiii s which iiave for their object the welfaie and comfort of those of his fellow-men who have been les fortunate in the aren.i of life than himself. He has also oc;:upie^i ii tlie ParliamtMit of the coantry of his adoption a proniinent po-;ilion, and upon the lloor of tlie House of (]o:nmons has been n-cog- ni/ed as an able and excellent debater. He representiMJ the County of Argenleuil in the Doaiinioi I'arliane il. If/ ins likewise held t!ie position of Aldermm of the C'il\' of Montre.d, and cliaii m m of important civic couimittees. lie was President of the Irish I'rot.'stant 11 'njvolent Society f )r [w ) years. He is a Life () )vv of the .Montreal deneral Hospital, a Life (lovernor of the Protestant Insane .\sylinn. a Life ( lovcrnor of the .Montreal Dispensary, and a, lal'e ( r overnor of the Maternity Hospital. •• Mr. Wilson is an aidjnt disciple of Isaac Waltf)i) : ainniallv seeking the sh.idy sechi-;ion of tiie riser banks an 1 ni)anuin stream-; and lakes with rod and line; and ill order I ) proieci th ; fiimv tribe from wanton destruction, he w.is instrumental, witii other.>, in bringing to life the Fisli andiJame I'roiection S xaetx' of the I'lovince of ( hiebec. whicii is supporte^l in its laudable objecl bv .\(as of Parliament. He' was President of this society for years. Ii will b.: re narke'd from the foregoing sketch that Mr. Wilson's career has b-en sign.dly successful, and one that reflects creditably ii|)Oii the capit.il wherewith he begin iiis comm.'rcial oi)erations — a clear head and an honest determination." Mr. Wilson has two sons in the business : and he is looking forward to the time when thev will be in a position to enter into practical control of the business. .Mr. Wilson's remarkable career is indeed an incentive to others to he up and follow. What has been done can yet be done, and the next century will see m )re wonderful things than e\er were compressed in man's philosophy of the i)resent day, advanced though il be. NAPOLICDN AIJin.N^ W.vs born in 1S02, at Chesnes, nearCleneva, Switzerland. He came to \ew \'ork in 1829, and after staying in thai city for some lime came on to C anada. Mr. Aubin had a great t.dent for writing universal literature. He was efjually at honie in politics, philosophy, mathematics, chemistry and mechanics. He edited successfully the following publications : Fanfasquc, Le Castor. Lc Civuidien, Le Canadicn In- dependent. La Trit'iine, La Fays, and L.c National. 364 GAZKTTKKR OF MONTREAL. He was one of the ardenl admirers of I'apiiieau, and he had the honor of being his true and sincere friend. Mr. Aiihin and his journal were intimately connected with the Rel)eIlion of 1S37-38. He was made Secretary of the famous Reform Asso- ciation in 1S47. He was also I'resident in 1869 of the Institiit Canadien. When the Tribune ceased publication, Mr. Aubin retired from active politics and resided at JJekeil. Some years after this he edited Lc Pays with rare ability. ITe was for some years connected with the inspection of weights and measures and gas, and to the last conserved all tiic vim of youth. He died not long ago in Montreal. ALFRKI) SANDIIAM. This name is connected with Montreal as one of its first English Historians. In 1S70, he published a most interesting volume from which the Author of these sketches is glad to record that he has received much assistance in their preparation for this work, it is called " Ville Marie; or, Skete/ies of Montreal, l\isf and Present,'' This work refers to a great number of facts connected with the history of the city. It is intersi)ersed with maps, jjlans and portraits, with valuable statistics It was published by (leorge I^ishop i<; Co. He is also the author of an interesting and useful work, entitled : '■^ Coins, Tokens and Medals of Canada'' Some years ago he removed from Montreal, and, I believe, now lives in Toronto, and has become a painter of good repute. His work of 1870 is now getting scarce, and commanding a higher price than that at which it was published. 'IMIOMAS PORTllOUS Was one of the early English merchants of Montreal. Removing from Terrebonne, where he had resided, to Montreal, he began business as a general merchant in Notre Dame Street. He had married Olive Everett, and to iheni was born in Montreal a daughter, Agnes, in 1798. In 1814, his eldest daughter, May, was married to Henry Griffin, ivho was a Notary Public of that time. The son of this marriage is the well- known J. C". Griffin of Montreal, one of the most highly respected and efticient notaries of the jjresent day. Mr. Porteous was rather an important man in his day. He held several oflices of trust. In i8i8^he was the President of the Company which organized the first Water Works for supplying Montreal with water. Previous to this, during the War of 181 2-14, he undertook at the request of the Government the great task of forwarding supplies to the troops throughout the Province. In 1820, he was President of the Agricultural Society of Montreal, also Vice-President of the Savings Bank then in existence. He was also for some time a Director of the ]>ank of Montreal, and likewise of the Lachine Canal Company. He died February 23rd, 1S30. OAZI/n'KKR OK MONTKKAI,. 365 C. F. S MIT HERS. IIn was born in I-ondon, I'lngland, 25th November, 1822, lie arrived in Canada in 1S47, and entered the service of the J>ank of liritish North America, where he lon- tiniied for eleven years. In iSScS, Mr. Sniithcrs became associated with the JJank of Monlreah where he remained for some years in different capacities. He was tlien selected for the in)sition of representing the liank at New York in conjunction with iSIr. Walter Watson. In 1S79, when Mr. R. ]}. Angus resigned, Mr. Smithers took his place as (leneral Manager. In iSSt, when Mr. Stephen (now Lord Mount .Stephen) retired to assume the Presidency of the Canadian Pacific Railway, Mr. Smilhers took the entire management 1 the .Hank. Afier some years he went to New York, where he died not long since. JOHN LILLY. Tins name is fre([uently found at the close of the last century in the Records of the Quarter Sessions of Montreal, lie wasa Justice of the Peace and rather a proiiiinent man in those days. Me owned and farmed a i)roperty above Sherbrooke street stretching up towards l''letcher's Field, with what is called now "lamn's" man- sion as his summer residence. Mr. Hugh JJrodie, sen., the grandfaiher of our respected citizen, Hugh Hrodie, Esq.. N.P., was Mr. Lilly's farmerfora time after his arrival in Canada. One of the daughters married Thomas lloston, in i(So6. He died October, 1822. The Hcrahi thus speaks of him at his death; " Died, Tf MoNIKKAL. into the iindcrtakiiiL; that the now strong tlriu alrcaily spoken of \v;is gkid in 17S7 to join ihc ncw-nuulo one, and the union took pkicc tiial year. Il was tlic great desire and ambition of tlic iniited c;«mi)any to reach the remotest Indian Seitlemenls, in order to lap, as it were, the very vitals, the fountain head of the peltry trade, aiul as said elsewhere, which usually i'oiind its way to the different posts of tile liiidsoii Bay Company. Thus pushing on the ends and aims of their Company, the trailers, each one, unconsciously liecame great discoverers. In many of tliem it is not to i)e wondered al that after a taste of this lomantic and exciting life they should hecoine travellers and voyageiiis on theirown account, and solelv for the purpose of discovering new lands and new peopks. AN'ere it nol iuv the vim. the pith, tiie energy and the persevirance of those sturdy Highlanders, this might\' land would have remained lor a far longer period an unknown region, a true /(77(/ i/uoi^nitir. The Author of this volume well remembers when he resitled be- tween forty and fifty years ago in the Isle of Lewis, in the Western Hebrides, that a ship annually took away many of the Ixnie and muscle of the young Lewis High- landers to America to serve in the diffeienl po>ls of the Hudson J!ay and .North West Companies, and it was from these young men's \\\)\k that the enormous fortunes of these Companies, ami tiie vast tracts of land at last and finally granted to these Companies, received their mainspring of action and the source of all their riches. In June, 17S9, McKenzie started Irom Fort Chippewa to the west end of Lake Athabasca. He called this great body of water " I,ake of the Hills," We :an tuid the name in that journey which has rendered his name immortal, and which is en.- bodied in the McKenzie River, a mighty stream, one of the greatest rivers on earth, which we, living now at the close of the nineteenth century, and a hundred ve:;rs after McKenzie's discovery, know almost as little of as he did when sailing on its mighty w. iters. Wlial future developments shall be brought forth in the twentieth century, we know nf)l, but this they will find, that the mighty McKenzie River of 2200 miles in length will How through a land inhabited by Kuro!)ean descendants, enjoying^ ail the civilization of the great future, with all iis progress and advancement. Let us turn our eyes to the adventurous voyager. With a small band of faithhil followers, some white men, some red men, he ])ursued his North- West vo}age until at last he struck the mighty river which will ever bear his name. Following its wanderings he found out the enormous lakes, (ireat Slave Lake, Great J«ear Lake and Athabasca Lake — lakes they may be called, but really inland seas — and at last arrived after innumerable incidents and adventures at the mouth of the river, which he found emptying itself into the Arctic Ocean. A river the McKenzie is, longer than our own mighty .St, Lawrence, counting in all its lakes and intervening rivers; a river, one of the grandest, longest and most magnificent in scenery in all the world, (October, 1782, saw him again on a voyage of discovery. He was determined to follow the Peace River and exi)lore it all. He traced it actually running across the Rocky Mountains^ a thing ever before thought impossible. He traced it to the Mountains, and being assured by the Indians that its waters llowed into a C.AZKIl I'.KK CK MONIRKAI- 367 mi^lity oi:c;iM on the wrsl, lie ck'tcniiincd lo piiisiif its course, wliicli lie did in the next season, and was the very tirsl iMitopean who ever crossed tVoiu >,ea to sea, the wliole breawest face of the rock on which we ha 1 slept last night this brief iiicmorial, 'Alex. Mclven/.ie, from Canada, by land the 2jnd July, (79.^.''' \\ lien he returned he pul)lished an account of his strange adventures, and the tide of the volume may well be, as we find it : — '' \'oyage from .\[ontreal, iin the River St. Lawrence, through the ("oiilinent of North America to the T'lo/eii ami i'acific ( )ceans in the years i7S9aiiil lyij.v with a i)reliiniiiary account of the Rise. Progress and I'resenl Stale of the l''ur 'I'rade of that t'ountry — London, I So I.'' lie re.iided in Moiitieal to the year iScS. when he returned to Scotland. a rich man for those days, and died there. He built a I'me house at the head of Simiison street, Montreal, wliich remained till pulled down by Mr. William Smith. The street was calletl Simpson after Sir (leoige Simpson, who occupied aiul owiieil the house after McivL'ti/ie iiad left Montreal and returned to Scotland. .\Xl)Ri:\V WILSON Was born neai- Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1S22, and came with his family to .Montreal in 18,^4. 'i"wo years after, in 1S36, he entered the employ of the / frr a h/ oW'w.c, but by his indu>try, probity and intelligence gradually raised himself till he was one of the proprietors of this newspaper. In 1S47, along with .Messrs. Potts iV I'eiiny, he bought tlie /Av(/A/ property, and continued to his death one of its shareholders. In 1852, he married Msther Matthews. He died some years ago universally lamented by all classes of h's fellow cili/ens. The late Senitor Penny, his cosharehoMer, said ol him, '• Xo word of unkindness ever escaped him. It is a rare blessing to have such a friend." JOIIX WIl.LI.VM f!R.\VLi:V. Till', (irippe has deprived .\b)ntreal of many valuable citizens. Tiie lati'st is bilm William IJrayley, head of the wholesale drug house of Brayley, Sons \: (Jo. He died not long ago at the age of sixty-nine years. Mr. IJrayley had been attacked by the (Irippe, but was allowed to leave his house. A chill ensued, and complications set in, resulting in the rupture of a blood vessel. The death was sudden and totally unlooked for. Mr. Brayley was a native of Devonshire, England, and came to this country, first settling in New Brunswick, when quite a young man. In 1877, he came to Montreal, and soon by i)robity and attention to his work built up a large busi- ness, which his sons will carry on. He was a member of the Church of St. James the Apostle, where for seven years he was people's Warden. He was a conscientious, business man, upright and respected. 368 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. AVILA G. BOUKBONXAIS. He was born at Saiiit-Clet (Soulanges), T8th Oclober, 1859. He mariied J91I1 Oclober, 1:184, Marie Rose Delia Lefebvre. He was educated at Petit Seminaiie of Sainte Theiese, and is the Official Stenograpliei" at Montreal, First returned to Legislative Assembly at last (General Election. Has retired from politics and devotes himself to the duties of his profession. SIMON CLARKE Came from Yorkshire, England. He arrived in Montreal in the early jiart of the century, and before the eslablishment of the North West C'ompany in 1806. He soon made a large fortune, retiring from business, and built a fine house on the other side (^f the Mountain and called it " JJeaver Lodge." Here he died and his son |ohn also lived, and as he too had made a large fortune in the Xorih-West, he dis- pensed a profuse hospitality. Tliis, and his becoming security to his friends fur several large amounts, melted even the fortune of John CJlarke, ami at last liie property passed into other hands. l''rom him, Clarke Avenue. C(')le Si. Antoine, derives its name. He had property in the neighborhood, hence the present name of the street. KOin'.RT T, GODFKIA', M.D, He was one of tlie most favorably known physicians in the city, and has written a good deal on medical science. He was ex-Professor of Surgery in the University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, and Attending Physician to the Montreal deneral Hospital. He is the son of a Pritish naval officer. I )r. (lodfrey was born in the Countv of Kerry, Ireland, and when he was a youth he went to London, where he receive'l his education and began his niedic;d studies. Just at that time the wais in Spain connected with (^ueen Isabella's succession broke out, and the doctor's oldest l)r()lher, then a practising i)hysician, was sent to that country as surgeon to the British troops which for a linu were quartered there. Tlie younger brother accompanied the surgeon as assistant. Returning home, he set out for Canada, wheie the remainder of his long and useful life was spent. His medical studies were resumed, and he took his degree at McCiill Medical College. After graduating he filled for a time the position of House Surgeon at the Montreal General Hospital and then went into jjrivate practice, Li this he was eminently successt'ul, and soon buiit uj) a large and lucrative jjractice, which he enjoyed lor many years. J'Or a time he was Professor at McGill College, and afterwards in the AL:dical Faculty (jf Bishop's College ; he was also Consulting Physician at the General Hospital, and held offices in a number of medical and other societies. The deceased was seventy- three years of age. He left one son and three daughters, two of whom are married ~ and one lives in England. He was the last of his father's family, his brother having died but a short time ago in Lvland at the age of ninety-one. Dr. (iodfrey was a "" brother-in-law of the late Dr. Scott, fi)r many years Professor of Anatomy in the McGill Medical College. He was a large owner of real estate and was wealthy. KiaOKl'l-.K ni-. MONTH. NV. GAZETTEER OK MOXI'REAI.. 369 BENJAMIN A. TESTARI) DkMONTIGNV. The subject of this sketch was born at St. Jerome, County of Terrebonne, in 183S. It was then the middle of the RebeHion of 1837-38, when the whole country north of tlie St. Lawrence was in a stale of commotion. His father was Lieut.-Colonel Testard Chevalier DeMontigny, a name not unknown in Canadian History. The son was sent for a course of studies to the College of Joliette, where lie distinguished himself by assiduity to his studies and advancement in all the branches of his cur- riculum. After passing his legal studies he wiis admitted to the Bar in 1859, when he was exactly twenty-one years of age, having just then obtained his majority. One year after this, in 1S60, the movement began to raise a battalion of Pontifical Zouaves to aid His Holiness the I'ono in the struggles then going on i!i Italy against Oiri- baldism and those who had raised tiic standard of battle against the powers that be. On 15th January, i86f, Mr. DeMontigny joined that battalion, in which he served two years. I presimie these were llie two most eventful years of his life. The battalion of Zouaves imder Colonel Allet and Lieut. -Colonel DeCharette numbered 1,500 men. As our subject is, no doubt, the oldest Zouave in the country now, in connection with this sketch we must be pardoned in giving a short account of the movements of the Zouaves. The Italian Civil War continued for some years, and in lhiy,'irs rSr)S, 1869 and 187c, tlie chief number of Zouaves were sent from Can;ida. In 1S67, Murray and Laroque were severely wouiule'd at the battle of Menlana- When this news arrived in Canada, and that the Zouaves had made a successful march and covered themselves with glory at this battle, the spirit of adventure, as well as love to the Holy Father, filled the bosoms of thousands of young Canadians. The men who then went forth were men (jf good family. Oustave Drolet left on the 7th Xovember, 18G7, for Rome. MM. Desilet, Prendergast, Henault and Tetu, at the end of December. Scores of Canadian youths voluntee-red th.eir services. The Bishop of Montreal took the direction of the movement into his own hands, and eneouraged this new Crusade of the 19th Century. On the 26th December, 1867, a committee was formed in Montreal under the presidency of .\L O. B.Mthelet composed of ten citizens, of whom MM. Rivard and Koyal were the joint secretaries. At the cry of '' Dieu le veut," scattered broadcast through the parishes by the cures, hundreds, nay thousands, of young men willingly offered themselves. The committee soon organized tlie first detachment of 137 " Zouaves Canadiens." They left Montreal i8th February, 1868, under the direction of Messire Moreau as "aumonier," and J. Taillefer as commander. The [jassage of this little army of crusaders — among those wlio left were our i)resent energetic Governor of the Oaol, L. A. A'allee ; Geo. A. Hughes, the present Chief of Police, and Lucien Forget, Clerk of the Recorder's Court — caused an immense excitement both in the United States and France. " Drapeau blanc en tete, avec la devise : Aime Dieu et va ton chcmin," these Zouaves were acclaimed the champions of the most holy and noblest of all causes of the present century. In their passage 2-i 37 O GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. through Lyons, France, De la Perade, a member of the French Academy, wrote a beautiful ode on their career. We give four lines : — " AUez voire cheniin, Frangais de Nouveau Monde, Race de nos aleux tout i coup ranini^e, AUez, laissant cliez nous une trace feconde, OflVir un noble sang au Dieu que vous aimez." The Montreal Committee sent six other detachments to Rome after that of February, 1868, viz. : ist, on May 14, 1868, 22 men. 2nd, on May 23, 1868, 28 men. 3rd, on June 25, t868, 48 men. 4lh, on September 30, 1869, 95 men. 5th, on August iS, 1870, 38 men. 6th, on September ist, 1870, 115 men. When we count those who went singly or in small squads, we have over 530 Voluntcer-Zouavcs who went to Rome from Canada. After the fall of the Eternal City, on the 20th September, 1870, into the hands of Victor Emanuel, the Italian King, the war was at an end, and the Zouaves marching out of Rome with all the honors of war, and by the Gate Angelica, were immediately transported to Leghorn and thence to Liverpool en route for Canada. Tiicy landed in New York, 5th November, after having been seventeen days at sea, and without delay they safely arrived in Montreal, where an immense concourse of people welcomed them back — their sons, their brothers and all their friends. The Zouaves founded an association among themselves to perpetuate tlieir journey to Rome. Last year, 1891, a great gathering took place at the home of the Premier of Quebec — near Three Rivers. Hon. Honore Mercier had received medals for each Zouave, when last in Rome, and the occasion was made use of for a reunion of old comrades, and of talking over once more their hairbreadth escapes in sunny Italy. The subject of our sketch being the oldest Zouave, had the honor of distributing the medals and pinning them on the breasts of the various heroes. Mr. DeMontigny resumed the duties of his profession when he returned to Montreal, and, in 1872, he was made District Magistrate for Terrebonne. In 1880, he was appointed Recorder of Montreal, to succeed the late Mr. Sexton, who had held the position for many years. He is the author of several valuable literary works. Among others there is the " Histoire du I3roit Canadien," ** Catechisme Politicjue," " Des Arrestations," " Etude sur la Colonization," and " Le Nord." Many of his prac- tical lectures and remarkable contributions to the Canadian monthlies have also been published. He was mado a Knight of the Military Order of Pope Pius the IX. in 1884. GAZErXKKR OF MONTREAL. 37 1 The Recorder has done much hy his intluence and recommeadations in alleviat- ing the condition of the poor and the criminal classes, and, so far as has been observed, tries always l(j temper his judgments with mercy. He is particularly anxiou^ regarding youthfid criminals and tiie better classification of all convicts in our Prisons and Penilentiaries. This laudable object may in the near future be accomplished, and, if so, one great m jtive will have been the exertion towards its con- summation by the pn sent Recorder of Montreal. HON. THOMAS D'ARCV McGEE. The following tribute to an Irishman, ''great and well beloved," is from the pen of the well-known writer, Mrs. Sadlier, one of our best writers and not enough known by Canndians. This eminent Canadian statesman, ])()et and orator, was born at Carling- ford. County Louth, Ireland, on the 13th of April, 1S25. His father, Mr. James McGce, was an officer in the Coast Guard Service, and his mother, Dorcas Catherine Morgan, was the accomplished daughter of a Dublin bookseller, who had been im- prisoned and financially ruined oy his participation in the conspiracy of 179S, as a United Irishman. Of this union, Thomas D'Arcy McCee was the fifth child and second son. ]!orn and nurtuied amid livj grand and lovely scenery of the Ross- tree(;r coast, his early childhood Heeled by in a region of wild, romantic beauty, which impressed itself for ever on his heart and mind, and tended not a little, as we may u'ell suppose, to foster, if not create, that jjoetic fancy which made the charm of his life, niid infused itself into all he wrote and all he said. Like most eminent men, he owed much of his genius to a highly intellectual and gifted mother. He was eight years old when the family removed to Wexfortl, in which ancient and historic city the years of his youth and early manhood ])assed. -Soon after their arrival in Wexford, the McGee family sustained a heavy loss in the death of the excellent and admirable wife and mother, which left a deej) and lasting wound in the heart of her favorite son, Thom;is, who, to the last day of his life, fondly cherished her memory. Mr. McGee's youth was s|)ent in the ardent pursuit of knowledge, history and poetry being his favorite studies, and in these he became, so to say, a master. I'llo- quence was a special gift bestowed upon him from his earliest years. He was little more than seventeen, when, after paying a visit to his aunt in Providence, R.L, he arrived in Boston, iust when the "Repeal Movement" was at it;> height amongst the L-ish population of that city. It was the 4tii July, and I'liomas D'Arcy McGee, boy though he was, addressed the j)eo[)le that day, and his precocious eloquence sur- prised and delighted the multitudes who heard him. He was soon after offered, and accepted, a position on the staff of the Hosto/i Pilot, and two years later became editor of that journal. He very soon made such a reputation for himself as a jour- nalist that his fame crossed the ocean, and he was invited by the proprietor of the Dublin Ft ccman's Jounial, then, as now, one of the leading Irish papers, to become its editor. This offer, which he at once accepted, he justly considered a signal 372 GA/K/l'IlKK OF MONTREAL. tiiunipli. So at twenty years of aj^c, our i)()cl-jouriialist took his jilace in llie front rank of the Irish press. His conneclion with the Frccmaii's Journal., however, was not of long (Juration, and we next fnul him, witli his friend Charles Gavin Duffy, and two other talented young Irishmen, editing 'he newly started Dublin Nation, which soon became a power in the couniry. and the mouthpiece of the National pai ly, afterwai'ds known as the voung Irelanders. it was owing to his conneclion with this brilliant and powerful organ, and his leal or supposed participation in tlie abortive rebellion of 184S, that Mr. .Nhdee became obnoxious to the J5riiish (lovernmenl, and was forced to tlce to America in that memorable \^\.\\. leaving his young wife to follow him when once he had prepaied a home for her. He started in 1S4S. or the year following, the Xm' York Xjtion. whic:h paper from various untoward circumsta.nces did not succeed, and Mr. McClee. being in- duced to remove to llostot^ commenced in that city llie ]iublication of the Auicrican Celt, win'ch he subse<]uently removed to New York, and for some yiars published it there with marked success. It was during the jjublication of the Celt in llostoii that the maiuiiiig niind of its editor l.-egan giadualiy to recogni/e the senseless folly of the revoluiionaiy doctrines to the dissemination ami support of which he had hitherto bent all the energies of his powerful mind. The c;int of taction, the hery denunciations which, after all. amounted to nothing, and had onlv ili;' effect (jf unsettling men's minds and leading many to luin and destruction, giving rise to a general spirit of insubf)rdinalioii, he began to see in their true ccjlor.--. It then became his aim to elevate the Irish [jcople, not bv impracticable schemes of rebillioii, but by teaching tiiem to make the best of tiieir actual condition, to cultivate ;imong them the arts of peace, and r.ii.^e tiiemselves by steadv industry ami incieasing enlighteinnenl to liie level of more ])i-osperous nations, 'i'hough as fondly as ever devoted to the hind ot Ids birth, he became more conservative in his views. -atid that because he had made a deeper and more earnest study of the eternal principles whicii lie at the foundation of ail human affairs, and of the relation between the governing and the governed. This change, this new direction given to his thoughts, was sincerely owing to tlie i'urtlier development of .Mr. McCiee's own reasoning powers and the salulaiy iiilluence of wisi' and learned Christian friends. ^'et it was unfortunately misrepresented, and excited much and bitter hostility among th.at rcvoluiionar_\- party (jf which he had so long been a brilliant and able supporter. During the years that Mr. McCee was editing the /American Ccl* in Boston and New York, and subsequently the Buffalo Sentinel in that border city, he deliv- ered in nearly all the principal towns and cities of the United Slates and tlie British Provinces a prodigious number of lectures (m all manner of subjects calcu- lated to improve and elevate the people. He also organized and look a leading part in the convention of one hundred delegates who met in Buffalo, for the special purpose of promoting and increasing Irish emigration. A short time after this, Mr. McCiee was invited by a number of influential Irish C.AZKITEKK OK MONTRKAI,. 373 citizens of Monlreal to make liis home in that city, Injldiny out to him tlic promise of a Ijiilliant success, which promise the future more than justified. Soon after his arrival in Montreal, he commenced the j)ul)lication ofiheiVt7t.' Era, which journal, owing to his as yet imperfect knowledge of Canadian affairs, was not a success, and was discontinued when Mr. Mcdee was elected by the Irish citizens of Montreal as one of tlie three members for liiat city. .Such enliie satisfaction did his conduct in the House of .Assembly give to his friends and constituents that .1 number of gentle- men sul)scri'>ed a considerable sum of money and purchased a handsome residence in Montmorency Terrace, S:. Catherine street, which lliey presented, furnisheel, to Mr. Mctieeas a homestead for his family. ( )f the I'arliamcntary (-areer of Mr. McGee in Canada, space will not permit us to speak at length. Suffice it to say that it was successful beyond all anli(:i[)ation, and won for him a 1 isiing and honor- able place amongst the statesmen of the country. 11 is rare and ciptivaling eloquence, his consummate tact, his profouiul abiiit}-, made iiini. after a little tinv,-, ilie mo^t brilliant, as well as the most popular membjr of the Legislature. trium[)hing even over political hostility, and making friends of religious and political opponents, 'i'o his expansive mind ami soaring genius wa-; mai'ily due the I'nion of the I'l-ovinces as the Xew Dominion of Canada. During t!ie Government of Lord .Monck, Mr. Mcdee was api)ointed ['resident of the Lxecuiive Council, and acted, moreo\er. for a short lime, as Provincial Secretary, /v 6* tciii. It was during tiie time of his holding this double olfice that he wrote the concluding portion of his popular Ilisioryof Ireland, confessetUy one of the best and most readable histories of that country that has yet appearetl. The other books written 1)\- Mr. McCee at v.irious periods of his life were "The (lallei'y of Irish Wiiters of the Seventeenth Century." " .Mc- Murroch." •'O'Connell antl his Friends," and •'Irish Settlers in .Vmerica." His "Canadian Hallads '' were embodied in the general collection of his poems pub- lished in Xew York since his laniented death. Mr. McCee ha 1 been three times returned f u' Monlreal V/cst, twice by accla- mation ; aiul was again elected by the same constituency as a member of the House of Commons of ihe Dominion, in live first session of which, as in the former House of Assembly, he won golden o[)inions from all, and had apparently a long and useful career before him, wiien. on leaving the l*arliament liuildings, in()itawa, on the morning of .Vpril 7th, 1869, he was followed by an assassin ,vho had been lying in wait for liim, and shot dead at the door of his lodgings. .Sad and pitiable close for such a lil'e. It is not for us to say who were the instigators of so foul a crime, but a man named Whelan was arrested, tried for the murder in Ottawa, and paid with his worthless life the atrocious crime of which he was convicted, a crime which robbed the Dominion of its foremost statesman, and the Irish race of one of its most gifted sons. The whole country was horrified by the ,news of .Mr. ^[cGee's most crue death, and the iniblic manifestations of sorrow were great and also universal. A public and most magnificent funeral was given to her murdered representative by the City of Montreal. All classes of the citizens vied with each other in shewing 374 GAZKTTrr.R ok Montreal. their respect and admiration for tlie cniincnt man, wlio. coming amongst them as a stranger only a few years before, iiad in that comparatively short time gained the hearts of the people and entitled himself to the nation's gratitude. 'J'he name of Thomas D'Arcy McGee will go down to posterity as one of the men of whom the Dominion of Canada has reason to he proud. As a specimen of the ])oetical genius of my J'ri :/u/, for he was a good friend and a much loved one by me, I insert the following well-known j oeni on the Dis- coverer of Canada, and can only add my humble prayer, " Recpiiescat in Pace." JAe(jUES CART IKK. (A. I). 1534.) i. Ill the reapoit of St. Malo 'twas .i smiling' nioin in May, When the Couimodoie Jacques Cartier to the westward sail il away ; In the crowded old cathedral all tlic to\\n were on their knees Vox the safe return of kinsmen from the luidi^cover'd seas ; And every autunm lilast ihat swejit o'er ]iinnacle and pier I'iU'd manly hearts with sorrow, and gentle liearts with tear. It. A year pass'd o'er St. Malo— ai^ain came roiiiil the day \Vlien the Commode re Jacques Cartier to tlie westward sail'd away ; l^iit no tidings from the abs-ent had come the way thev went. And tearful were the vigils that many a maiden spent ; And manly liearts were lill'd with t^loom, and j^enlle hearts wiili fear. When no tiilini^s came from Cartier at the clo>inj; of the year. III. ]!ut the eartli is as the future, it liath its iiidden side; Aiul tiie captain of St. Malo was rejoicing in his priilo In the forests of the north — while liis townsmen niouni'd his los.-^ lie was rearing on Mount Royal the fiiir-d't-lis anil cross ; And when two niontlis were over, and added to the year, St. Malo liail'd him home again, cheer answering to cheer. IV. lie told them of a region, hard, iron-bound, and cold, Nor seas of pearl abounded, nor mines of shining gold ; Wliere the wind from Thule freezes the word upon the lip, And the ice in spring comes sailing athwart the early shi]i ; He told them of the frozen scene until they thrill'd with fear, And piled fresh fuel on the hearth to make him better cheer. V. But wlien he changed the strain — he told how soon are cast In early spring the fetters thai hold the waters fast ; How the winter causeway broken is drifted out to sea, And the rills and rivers sing with pride the anthem of the free ; How the magic wand of summer clad the landscape to his eyes, Like the dry bones of '.he just when they wake in Paradise. GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 375 VI. He told tliem of the Algonquin l)r.aves — tiie hunters of the wild, Of how the Indian mother in the forest rocks her child; Of how, poor souls, they fancy in every living thinijj A spirit good or evil, that claims tlieir worshijiping ; Of how tliey brought their sick and maim'd for him to breathe upon, And of the wonders wrought for them through the Gospel of St. Jolm. VII. He told them of tlie river whose mighty current gave Its freshness for a iuindred leagues to (Jcean's briny wave ; He told them of the glorious scene i)resented to his sight, What time he rear'd the cross and crown on Iloelielaga's height. And of the fortress cliff that keeps of Canada the key, xVnd they welcomed back Jacques Cartier from his perils o'er the sea. HON. WILLIAM HLNRV CHAFFKRS, Son of the laic I. icut -Colonel William U. ChalTcrs, by Calhcriiic H. Blanchettc ; and grandson of \V. Chaffers, l''.sq.. M.I)., of Liverpool, i'lng. lie was horn in Quebec, 2nd August, 1S27, and educated atChanibly and Montreal. Married, 1S40, Louise, daughter of the laic; James O'Leary, \'--^^\., M.D., formerly a Surgeon in Her Majesty's Service, lie has been Warden of Rouville, Mayor of St. Cesaire, a Com- missioner of Small Causes, and President of ihe Rouville Agricultural Society. Sal for Rouville in Canadian Assembly from October, 1856, till (leneral Mleclion, 1S57, when he retired. Represented Rougemo.it in I. egislati\e Council, Canada, from January. 1864, until the Union. lie was called to the Senate by Royal Proclamation, Mav, 1867, and is still a member of that august Ix.idy. HON. RODKRICK McKLXZIE. The subject of this sketch was much more connected with Montreal than his well- known kinsman. Sir Alexander McKenzie. When the latter, the great traveller, set out lor the AVest in 1792, he left Roderick in charge of I'ort Chipewyan. He remained here for eleven months. We next tind him m Montreal, where he married Rachel Chaboille/. This was only one of several score of marriages of Old Country- men to French-Canadian women. Amongst others were Hon. James Mc(rill, of College fame, and Simon Fraser, of military fame. In 1806, he was one of the Xorth- West Company, then established. In 1819, he was raised to the rank of a Legislative Councillor in Quebec, and remained in that body till his death. One of his sons, Alexander, entered the British army and became a Lieut. -Colonel. The Colonel had one daughter, Louise Rachel, who, in 1856, was married to Hon. Louis F. R.Masson, late Lieut. -Governor of Quebec, and now in the present (Government without port- folio. 376 GAZKITEKK OF MONTREAL. DR. K. P. HOWARD WAslforn in Aronlrc il, Jaiuiaiy i2lh, 1S23. His paiciUs, Robert Howard ;iiid Miirgart-t Kent, cimc from Ircla:ul to Mon'.real, where his father went into business. The Doctor studied Medicine botii here and in luiiope, graduated from McGill College in ICS4S, and was made a L.C'.S.M. in 1S40, in which same year lie began practising in his native city. For over thirty years Dr. Howard was one of our most intluential and leading Physicians and Surgeon-^. His whole soul wns set on the important duties of his profession. To him is given the honor of introducing into Montreal the prac- tice now universal of bedside instruction, a most important part, when we look at it, of medical education. He was President of the Canada Medical Association, also President of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of (Quebec, and was a Governor f(jr more than a (juarter of a ccntiMv. He was also I'residenl of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, and 1 nia\' add here no medical man in his native city had a higher standing. He was also a diligent student and a writer to various i)eriodical publi- cati(jns. Some of his writings are most im[)ortant to the medical fraternity. 'I'hose relating to tonsumption (though rather o])posed to general ideas) have been at last gradually ;ulop;etl by the l<"aculty at large, proving him to have been : far seeing and a far-thinlcing man, ahead of the times, and realizing what the future will bring forth in all its advancement and jjiogress in every [ihase and department of literature, philosophy and science. He was Professor of Medicine in McCill College, aiul President of the Canada Medical Association. In connection with these societies his papers read before them or sent to Medical journals on affections of the lungs, of the heart, and diseases of the chest have not oidy been numerous, but showed that the Doctor had a great and favor- ite study in these diseases, and did much by these writings t(; advance the knowledge requisite to their relief. Jn 1876, he contributed a most inii)ortant paper to the International ^ledical Congress of Philadelphia, on '' Pernicious An;cmia," which was the most elaborate and exhaustive essay (ui the subject in faiglish before the y\ssembl\'. Dr. Howard was first married in 1855 to Miss Frances Chipman, daughter of the late Judge Chipman of Flalifax, and had one son, the present Dr. Howard, who married the only daughter of our well-known benevolent citizen and member of Parliament, Sir Donald Smith. Mrs. Howard died in 1870. In 1872, he married Miss Eva Lewis, of London, England, and had three children. The Doctor died two years ago, and at his death men said: "A good man, noble philanthrojiist and honored native of Montreal lias passed away. It will be a long time before one will be found to fill his place." -IK 1< AMii il.l'll \.i ,i ( lliid' Jiistit f of Nc\\|(iiiiiill,iii(l. Ill- \\;i , (|r-,((iii|ii| liniii.i vcr\' ;iii< ii'iil \'oi Is .iiiii' l.iliiily of Koiitli, iic.M l!i\(rli y. hii k.iii(lol|ili w.i , lioiii.it roojc, i)oi:,rl, {•'.iii^l.iinl, in i'/''^;. II'' Ml I iv 'I Ml Is (dm ;il loll ;il I'.lon, .iinl ciilcicil ilic milil.iry service, (,"oiiiiiii .s;ti i,il I Ji;- ji;i I iiniiil. 1st May. i.'-'.o5. lii i M jO, !'>■ v» .1 , ,i|i|i()iiiieii ( '((iiiinissaiv ( i'lieral, and lor loily-t uo years lie seiV'-d aliioad. in [.iiiiaiia, al W'aN liei n, in tin' reniiisula, iiol- laiid. I'laiiee and at Waterloo / nnd'i t Ip- hnkecjl WellniL'tuii). also in tiie Meiliier- laip an, We ,1 Indie . and ( .'.iiiada, w heo- he was apiiointi d a. Memlna (,| the I'. \e( iiiive ( 'on 111 il I /'I'm re ihi- I nioii. While laildiiii' ihi . oITk e he ie( eived llie hwiioi ol kiii^lil- liodd hy p.iii III. I )Mi 111" the la mine in I lel.uid, in 1 S ]:■',, he \\\i , inaiU; a ( 'oiiiiiiaiider I 'I 1 la- ( )idei ol the |;.i ih lor hi . aide ai| ie;i ii|i'iid''in e and sei \ ics ill atlendm;.; to the Wants ol lip- ],(■(, ],|i- (hii iiiL' ! h,ii 1 1 )'iii;^ |)(M aal. In thi . ( ouni 1 y he was a iiiii\'er- sai liVniile with all ( las -i;s oT tiie (Dniiiinnii \ . and il wa.-; willi ri ,L;io, al (^Jiieluc, .\|,iiie Louise, da lighter ol' || on dim Me Mr. |ii .1 i( e- 'I asi iieieaii, and aster ol ( .',1 1 1 iiii.d 'la aheicoi, ol ♦ jiiehec. .Sir Kainloijih kontli', d'-ath look |ilaif III i.oiidoii.on ji/.h .\oveinl I'T. I ''\v'"', a'4ed yi'). J,ad\ Konih, hi> wile', siii\i\'eil hiiii lor tinriy thna; yeais, :iiid deil iCiih of I )iceni!.ei, I ,'v; 1 . in .\i on! le.il, at th'- ad\aii(S(| .r^i- ol Si years. Their eldest son, l\dwaid j. Roll I h. w , 1 , horn in ',» u.'hei . ( ' 1 u.id.i. in 1 S.^t- 1 1 e was. however, educated .it < 'anilii idL'e, I'ai'jiaiid. and atlaiipd S -iiior Wiani^ha- al the e.iily -A'jy. ol iweiilyoiu; yea,is, in \'-''fi<>. .\(li-i w.nd , he was .\riilh-nial ic d 'riM.eh": 111 Uia! liniv'ersity. l''or tliii ly year s he has had a wond'ilnl siieccs in iiisjiariii'; •.tndeni, I'cjr e\aiiiiiial loiis in all Ihe ilifrereiil hranche , of the (.'olle^esol ( ',i,nil in I'.ii^lainl. (^)iiile a nalii'iiiiL', of .Ma 1 heiiia.: ical iiol.diles iiol loii^ ,i^'o asseinhled lo pii--,L-nt .Mis. Roiilli With ,1 porlrail of her liiis- hand. jiaiiited l»y i ierhomei'. .Xiiotlier son i, f. A. Kondi, tin- well known shi|)])iii,n and sleamhoa!. auiait of tlie linn of ( .'arhiay. Roiitli \- (Jo., l^iie-licc and .Monlreal. lie m.iriied a dan;.^liter of llie late .Maiiriia; ('iivilliei, one of .Mont real's old cili/e-iis. and ,1, name- intimalcly coniiccteil with the ( ity for iIkj j^asl cciilnry. 'J'lie followiiif^f a.|)|)eare(l in a ujceiil lesi me of ihe principal linns in llie city :-^" (Jaiiada is luHcd for il riiie limber limilsi and mines of various kinds, particularly coal in ihe Marilinu; l'rovin.C.L. in iS85, Mrs. Marie Masson. widow, of Montreal, sir>lei-in- 1.1 w of (■\-laeutena.nt-( iovernor .Masson. lcl< II.\R1) .\N(;t;s, 1 )iki';;..'ri)R of the ('anadian I'acalic Ivaihvay (ajm|)any. is a .Scotchman b)' birih, liavinL,^ been Innn a.t ILath^.i te, in the neiL^hboi hood fjf the City of f,diid)iiiL^h. Scut- land, on the jMth day of .\Ia\-, 1 .S30. He is one of f)Ui' brothers, :dl icmarkable Iwr the (;arly developed Ijnlliaiicy of their talents. .Mr. .Aiif^ns reci;iveil hi , schofistic education in the academy at llath^ale, and at an early a,L:.e left Scotland and went to hai^laiid, where, in a. bank i:i Manchester, he received his business liainiuL;. Hound lo push his lortmie, he came to (!anada in iH^j, and tound a. situation m tli'- Hank of Montreal. It was in the pro^^ress oi' the l>ank of .Montnral thai the subj>a t ol this memoii' was destined to be ide-ntilied diirint^ som<: ol the mo-,t a.clive years of his bu:^y life. Like not a few (jf the .Scol<:inneii who have made iheii mark nu this side of the \llan'':, .Mr. -An^us had his business IrainiiiL; in one of tin' i^reat conmiercial ci arcs (jf I'lnglaiid. The qualities wliicli were ultimately lo wni him the confnleuce of his colleaL;ue-.-i in some oi' the L;land^■^t enterprises ol the time were scjon recognized in the yoiuiL; Manchester clerk, a.uil he rapidly mounleiness nialii-rs. with open-h.iuded geiierositv in social intercourse. Je is a member ol the St. Andrew's Society, and holds the po-.ition of vie '-(jresideril." J.\Mi:s TRAII.I, SIIKAKKR '• Is ,1 specimen of what well-directed energ_\- and persever-ince can accomplish. Horn at koscgill. Parish of |)unnel. not manv miles from fir-fnned John v )'( lro;it's. (,'aiih- ness-shue, Scotland, on the 31st of July, 1S22. he received his e(|ucaiion in the parish school of Dunnel, and at Castletown, in the same comity. I,caviiig school bcf Jic 111' had scarcely enlcri-'d his teens, he was obliged like in. my a Lid in the l;ir nortii of Scotland, to begin woik early, and was accordingly appieiitical to a car- ])entrr and millwright in the villagi; of ( 'astletown, and with him he fiithfull\' served the allotted term. 'I'o perfect himself in his trade, he removed to Wick, iind worked foi- ;ibout a year uiuler I). .Miller, a l)uild''r, who was erecting a church in I'uliic\- town. When he reached his Iweiily-lirst year he resolved to try his fortune in Caiiad.i. and taking passage in a sailing vessel, on 30th Miy, iX.pS, reacheci .\loiuie:il, where lie has since resided. Siioi'tb' after his arrival lu' entered the e'nijjloy of Ivlward .Maxwell, an extensive carpenter and builder, as a geiKMtd house-joiner and stair-builder, branches of the business at which he was very proficient. .After termi- nating a th'-ee years' engagement with Mr. Maxwell, he went to Quebec city to take •charge of the joiner and carpenter work on a new bomb-proof liospit:d then being built by the lirilish (iovernment on Cape Diamond. Finishing the job lo the entir<' satisfaction of the Hritish officers in charge, he returned to Montreal, and began tin; study of steamboat architecture, especially cabin work, and soon became an atlepi at the business. Work flowed in upon him, and he found many customers, among (lAZKITKKK OK MONTREAL. ^.Sl ollicrs the laic John Mol.son and David 'i'orrance, for whom he fitted up many siLainl)oats for the St. I.awienee and Ottawa rivers, and lie still carries on vcrv extensively this branch of business, along with the manufacture of other kinds of wood-work for house huilding purposes. Mr. Shearer is the inventor (jf what is known as the IhjIIow roof, for houses and large inihlic buildings, which is considered ilie best suited to the climate of Montreal. 'I'iiis roof is of a concave design, and carries the water down the inside of the building, instead of the outside, tiiereby avoiding the iVee/mg up of pipes. it Is used on the Windsor hotel, MontiL-al, and has since been adopted generally tiiroughout America. He has also been the chief i)i-oinotL-r of what is know, as the '• Shearer scheme," ihe object of which is lo improve the harbor of Montreal and prevent the llc/oding df the ciiy, but owin- to the strong opp(jsiiion urged against il by the (irand Trunk aulhoriiies, he has had lo abandon it for the present. However, it will have lo be considered al no t eiiarmiiig. and ciiinot be sur|)assed in the Dominion. A visit(jr can lake in at a glaiue the CJhambly hills. Ilelle isle, Mount Johnson, the i\i\er Si. bawreme for many miles, the Victoria l)ri(lge. the Machine rapids, and the full extent of ihe beaii- lilul cily ol .\bjiureal. In politics Mr. Shearer is a i-iberal; and in religion oiu of those who does his own thinking, and iias no objection lo olh.ers doing the same. He wa. mairied in Monn\al. on the 23rd ol June, 1.S4S, lo fdiza (irahain. 'Ihe two eldest sons are now engaged with their father m business." iiLGii iiituDii:, N.r. Tin; grandlaiher of this well-known citizen, Hugh IJrodie, Xolaiy, the subject ofihis sketch, was born in i.ochwiuma h, .Ayrshire, Scotland, in ihe Near lySo. Afier com- ing to Can 1 la, he resided .'■:onie time at Ch.imbly, afterwards with .' I r. I, illy of the Cale l-arm. and latterly for many years at Coteau St. Pierre on his own farm and prcipeity, wlu're he devoted himself to agricullure. He became .such a funous faime.- and agriculturist tiiat his lame spread far beyond Montreal,— it extended Kj all Canada and the Nijrtliern States of America. He was several times appointed a jiulne at the New York State Isxhiljitic^ns. He is remembered l)y lumdreds to this day from tlie kind sympathy and ccnmsel lie gave tliem when they first landed in Canada. His ImcucIi Canadian neighlior farn^.ers looked to liim ;is a pattern which they tried to follow. He died at Coteau St. I'ierre in 1852. His two sons, Hugh 382 GAZETTEKR OV MONTREAL. and Robert, were botli successful farmers and highly respected members of the com- munity. They are now both dead some time ago. Hugh JJrodie, grandson of the above, was born on the 24th A])ril, iiS42, at what was then known as Tanneries des Rollands, now the Town of St. Henri, close to llic city, on the spot where is now erected the Roman Catholic Presbytery. He was sent to the village school when not quite five years of age. llecontinued there until sent in 1855 to what was known as Smith's school in College Street, He afterwards attended the Lower Canada College u/itil i' THOMAS C. RODDICK, M.D., Was born in Newfoundland, at Harbor Crace, 31st July, 1S46. His fatlier was John L'vine Roddick, who caine from Dumfries-shire, Scotland ; his mother was JMiima Jane .Martin, a native of Newfoundland. His father having come to tlie /erra iiico^^tiita as a teacher, was the l^rincipal of the (lovernment Crainmar School at Harbor Grace. Dr. Roddick came to .Montreal, the focus for so many of our ycjiing men I'rom all parts of i^ritish North .\merica, in 1864, entering as a student in MtCilil Medical School, and after passing a brilliant career gn-aduated in 1868, carrying off the Holmes Gold Medal. y\t once heentered the General Hospital as .Assistant House Surgeon, and remained as such for the next six years. Since 1874, he has been in general practice in Montreil. In that year he was ap[»ointe(l Demonstrator of Anatomy in McCiill, and in 1875 Professor of Clinical Surgery in that institution. i\v (uie time he was Assistant Surgeon to the (irand Trunk Artillery, the late 1 )r. ."^cott being Senior. In 1880, he married ALirion Mclvinnon of Pointc Claire, and is s'ill actively engaged in the duties of his profession. Dr. Roddick's name stands high to-day, at the near close of the 19th century, as a man entirely devoted to his profession, and in the near future to rise to the highest pinnacle of it. 384 GAZE'ITKKR OK MONTREAL. CUTlir.liRT GRANT. LriTi.E is known of llie early Iiistoiy of ihis man. His fatlicr was one of ihc Ili^ii- landers who liad (:(jnic out to Canada in the; inlcicsLs of the fur trade, and liis mother was an Indian woman (a squaw). His fatiier sent him, lil