CIHM Microfiche Series (IMonographs) ICIMH Collection de microfiches (monographles) Canadian Instituta for Historical Microraproductions / institut Canadian da microroproductions hittoriquas Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques -1- 1 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the Images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. n Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur I 1 Covers damaged / Couveiture endommag^e □ Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur^e et/ou peliiculSe I Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque I Coloured maps / Cartes g^ographiques en couleur □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material / ReliS avep d'autres documents Only edition available / Seule Edition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge int^rieure. Blank leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela ^tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 616 filmdes. Additional comments / Commentaires suppldmentaires: D D D L'Institut a microfilm^ le meitleur exemplaire qu'il lui a i\6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-6tre uniques du point de vue bibli- ographique, qui peuvent modifier una image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m^tho- de normale de filmage sont indiqu^s ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages / Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommag6es D Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaurdes et/ou peliiculSes [71 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / I I Pages d6color6es, tachet^es ou piqudes I I Pages detached / Pages d6tach6es \y\ Showthrough / Transparence D n D Quality of print varies / Quality in^gale de I'impression Includes supplementaiy material / Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible Image / Les pages totalement ou partieilement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata. une pelure, etc., ont 6\6 film^es k nouveau de fa9on k obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont filmSes deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. ■2* -■■'« 1- Thls item is filmed at the reduction ratio checlced below / Ce document est (ilmi au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30x V 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x The copy film«d h«r« hat been reproduced thanks to tha genarotity of: Library Agricuhurt Canada Th« imagaa appearing here are the beat quality poaaible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in Iceeping with the filming contract apecificationa. Original copiaa in printed paper covera are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the laat page with a printed or illuatrated imprea- aion, or the bacic cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the firat page with a printed or illuatrated imprea- aion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illuatrated impreaaion. Tha laat recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the aymbol — ► (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the aymbol V (meaning "END"), whichever appiiea. l\Map8, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratioa. Thoae too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, aa many frames aa required. The following diagrama illustrate the method: 1 2 4 5 L'txemplair* film* fut rtproduit gric* * la ginArositi dt: Bibllothiqut Agriculturi Canada Lm Imagct suivantas ont o. 1. DOMINION OF CANADA. •'PABTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. EZFEBDIZinAL FABM8. J. H. QRISn^LE, B.Acr., , Director. F. C. ELFORD, Dominion Poultry Huobandman. POVLTBT DIVISIOlf . NATURAL INCUBATION F. 0. Eltord. PEHIODS or U*CUBAT10N. The approximate periods of incubation of several of the species of domestio fowl are: Hen 31 days, Partridge 24 days, Guinea Fowl and Pheasant 25 days. Duck, Pea Fowl and Turkey 28 days. Goose 30 days, and Ostrich 42. ACTUAL TIME VARIKS. The average time for the he#to incubate her egfts ia 21 days though this period may be shortened or lengthened by influences that increase or decrease the average heat at which the eggs are kept throughout the period of incubation. Close sitting hens will usually hatch the chicks a few hours earlier than hens that do not sit so close or are often off the eggs. In warm weather eggs may hatch earlier than in cold weather. Fresh eggs hatch quicker than stale eggs, and other things being equal, white shelled eggs may hatch a few hours before dark shelled eggs. Not only ill natural incubation is this variation found but in artificial incubation the same thing occurs, and at times to so great an extent, that while some hatches come off on the 19th or 20th day others may not hatch until the 22nd day or even later. It is better to have the chicks pip the shell on the night of the 19th or morning of the 20th day and the hatch all cleaned up by the morning of the 21st. Chicks so hatched are usually better than if hatched earlier or later, but should there be no sign of chicks on the 21st day do not become impatient and destroy the eggs. Fair hatches have been known to come off as late as the 24th day. NATURAL OR ARTIFICUL. Hens or incubators, which? If you have a small flock of hens and do not intend to increase the number the incubator is not advisable. In fact if no more than 100 chicks are to be hatched it would not pay to buy an incubator, especially if the variety of hens kept contains good sitters and mothers. If many more than this number of chicks are aimed at the purchase of an incubator might be considered or even advised, but an incubator should not be purchased if the purchaser is not interested enough to give it the care and attention it requires. The incubator will give, as a rule, earlier and more uniform chicks, though there are individual hens that will hatch every fertile egg and rear almost every chick, but as a rule 10 hens set on 120 eggs will not bring out more chicks than a good incubator sot with the same number of similar eggs. In small numbers the hen may rear more chicks than 61034—1 r -rra ; the artificiul brooder but in quHiitities the artifloiol methodn iiiii«t take the place of the natural. The artificial means of both incubation and brooding will be used not 10 much in place of, ai" an adjunct to, the natural means. -Closed - 5iTTinG Mest -0 PEH- li n Hare Some System. Almost every person who lins tried hatching by hen« knows how cranky a broody hen can be when she likes and when the natural means are followed without any system it is n trying ordeal but when some system is followed and proper arrange- ments made l)eforehrtnd, tlie work is much ks^eued and the annoyance almost entirely done away with. By the adoption of the following method chicks can be hatched by hens with comparatively little trouble, few eggs are broken, almost i)crfect control U exercised over the sitting hens and by ti-sting twice the nests are kept full the hen's capacity utilized and a great saving is made in the work as about one-half hour of supervision once a day is all the time that is required. «F.TnXa THK 1IK!». -; »'^vr £;■■ • "- - -" - • - "..r^r .r,rr board 12 in .o...o. i. do^e'-^a'd'^t Si/;;^rrr:i'r :::'^thT'' '--^ ^" "-' '•''™ ^^'^ *-'■-•' Kiven to fewer hens. An^he d , linl un^'h u\T^\" """ **- '^""^'''^'^ "P ""d are discarded at the sec-o, , test a wL the h ., k ' ""'t "*"" *''^" '^'^"^ '''•^'"« as few hens as will brood ttm wh • The "thtr h "*''' .""'■'' ^'"'"''' ''*' '""» ^i'*- or set apain. *""' ^'"^ "*''" '''■'"' «>•« P"* »"Hk into the laying pea In this system the hens are under control and the work ro,I..,.,.H . tl, • ■ It 18 neeessary to iro into the hoi.^. „.„.,. i u ■ ri'duced to the minimum. "li bens (exempt tL^ i^Xrwh^.h h ' -I i?k " " I ^ T"'' '" '^^ '''''" -" '^"^'