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{AH ngkt* re»f,roe.l.)
ADVANCE PROOF— (*''';■«■' torcvMon).
Tliis proof is pent to you H r discussion only, and on the oicprflss
utulorstandinji that it is not to be used for any othor purpos; what
i;V('i-.--(^Ve Nff. 17 of the Coiiilitutloii).

(^aiiadiai; ^octdy o{ ^iml ^ngincsrs.

INCOIIPUIIATED 1887.

TRANSACTIONS.

N.B Tiiif. Society, as a body, does not hold itself responsible for the fiiclH

and opinions stated in any of its pnbliciitions.

PENN VAN (N.Y.) WATERWORKS.

By Angus Smith, Stud. Can. Soc. O.K.

(To be read Thursday, IHt,. Fcbrniiry, 1896.)

Peun Y an has a population of about 5 000. It is situated at the
outlet of Lake Kenka in the western part of New York State, about 50
miles southeast I'roiu Uoohestor.

Lake Kenka is Ion;: and narrow, bcin'; about 20 miles long by i a
mile wide, and it is very deep. It is from this lako that Penn Yun
takes its water for fire and domestic purposes. At a distance of one
mile up the lake from Penn Yan, the banks rise quite rapidly, so that
it was easy to get a suitable place f u- a roscrvnir at a short distance
from the lake, and at an elevation thatwuild give gooil pressure for 6re
purposes.

At a distance of about U milns up the lake from the town, t was
decided to build a pump house on the shore, and extend an intake pipe
out into the lake 550 feet, also to build a r.'sorvoir back 1800 feet
from the shore and at an I'levatioii of ;$2ll feet above the surface of the

lake.

Survcyo, plans, specitieations and estimates were luade by the En-
gineer, estimating the entire co.st for pumps, pump-house, reservoir,
trenching, pipes, hydrant.s, etc . the whole system complete, to cost
500,000, whieh it did bolbre eoiupUtvd.

The reservoir was located at such an elevation that ample pressure
(90 lbs.) could bo obtained in tlie higher part" of tln> town, i'or the
town was built on an ineline, as is shown by the eontour lines in the

plan.

The capacity of the reservoir was 1,000,000 gallons, which it was
computed (in ease ol' accident to the pumps) could be delivered to the
centre of the town tluoiigh tlio 12 ioeh pipe in 5 hours , this computa-
tion was made from the formulae

y = a(; = •785-1 .i^\/-^-?^-j
1-5 + A*

A () inch overflow pipe was put in the reservoir 2 feet f-om the top of
wall, and conveyed the water 75 feet ironi the reservoir. This pipe was
computed to oarry off 850,000 gals, daily before the water would over-
flow the walls.

The following are some of the specifications ;— The trenches were 5
feet deep, and, where possible^ made in a straight line, wore kept dry
and made wide enough that the laying and eanlking could be properly
done, care being taken not to injure gas, wat(!r, or sewer pipes already

laid.'

The boxes for stop gates were placed vertically over and around the
top of the gate, and then surrounded for a thickness of about 1 foot
with small loose stones or coarse gravel, whieh was carried up to within
20 inches of the grade of the street. Upon this mass of loo.se stone or
gravel a ButHcieiit amount of tine gravel was then deposited to form a
bed f"r till' irate b,'x stone into which the jacket inclosing the upper
portion of the box is suspended.

Kvery jtipo, special casting, stop gate and liydfunt was liruily sup-
ported ami ttdju.<lt'd to tlic required idignment mid }>radc by a wooden
block and two wooilen weilj^os, wliieh weio in f^cnt'ial placed near the
hubs of the pipe .iiid iixture'* The lihicks were of sound lioiuloolc or
oak, not less than !(> inches long 3 inches tliiek, and 9 inches wide, the
wedges were 10 inches long, 4 inches wide, and ;> inches thick, these
blocks were evenly sawed, and romiiined under the jiipe after refilling
the trench.

The spigots were inserted into ihi' hubs, so that tlu' shouldi:v nf the
hub was in close contact with the fucc of the spigot, and were then ad-
justed by the wedges so as to give an even and unirorni space all around
for the lead joints.

Hemp yarn was .lecurely I'l'iveii into the joints, so as to leave 2^ in-
ches in depth and at least ,'„ of an uieh in thickness all arouu<l for tlie
lead. The yarning and caulkiii;; was peitbrmed by fuithful and com-
petent mechanics.

The cutting of the pipe 'vas doi:e by sharp cold chisels, tlie cut being
first ilistiiictly marked ail ardund and then I'Urefully followiid by tlu^
chisels.

The hydrants were Stt upon a large wooden block bedded .securely in
the bottom of the trench, at sueh a depth as that the top of the jacket
surrounding the hydrant was about li inches above the sidewalk ; the
stop gates were also sot firmly upon these blocks.

Iron plugs and caps were leaded and caulked into the dead ends of
the lateral pipes, and behind these plui;s, rubble masonry was laid in
cement, reaching from the plug to the end of the trencli.

The pipes were eacli 12 feet long, and were free from scoria, saud
holes and air bubbles,, and were clean in nllrcspcc'-. They bad to pass
a careful hammer inspection uieler the direction of the Engineer or his
assistants, and thereafter were subject to a proof test by water pressure
of 300 lbs, to thosq. inch.

The pumping enginct consisted of two duplex, compound, non-con
densing engines, each cupuble of delivering 750,00(1 gals, diiily at a
piston speed of 100 feet per minute with 80 lljs. of stuam. The lloor
of the engine room was 17 feet above the surfiico of the water in
Keuka Lake.

The force main was 10 iuelns diameter for a length of 2C0 feet con-
necting with a 12 incli main to the Hsirvoir, 1000 feet away and 300
feel above the engine room.

The boiler was of homogeneous stiil in 3 courses, eaeh course in
one sheet g of an inch thick and wJli a I He strength of 00,000 lbs.
per sqr. ineli. The boiler was 14 feet !■ and 5 f ^et in diameter.

The intake pipe commenced 2 teet outside of the wall of the pump
house, and for loO feet consisted of 10 inch cast iron pipe woiirhin"
50 pounds per lineal foot, laid the same as other cast iron pipe, con-
necting with the lake end of this pipe wore about 400 feet of standard
wrought iron, lipweldcd wati-r pipe 1 inch internal diameter and
0.3G0 ol au inch in thiekncss of shell, with an avoraue weiLdit 0140
pounds per loot, this pipe was eoatcd inside and outside with a coatiii"
similar to tliat u.-ed on tho east iron pipe.

The pieces were screwed together into lengths of .".bout 100 feet, and
these lengths again connected by ball and socket joints, so as to admit
of being deflected in any direction from the line of jiipe at least 25'-'.

Tlie outer end of this jiipe was connected to an appliance consi.stiug
of a pipe with laterals and 3 vertical bells coming up to witliin 8 feet
of the surface of tlie water; each of these bells had a diameter of 10
inches, and were protected by straineis.

Over the pipe, near the intake, piles wen^ Jriven and ])lanks liisteiied
to tliem, to make a platform, so that the intake could be lifted out
of the water by means of the ball and socket joint, and the strainers
examined at any time from this plaiibnu.

'I'iie reservoir was eouslrueted .'i20 feet above the surfiice of the
water in the lake. Its dimensions were llL' feel by 120 feet inside and
12 feet deep. It was impossible to get a plot large enough anywhere

that wns nearly level, bo tliat there were about 11,500 cubic yards of
excavation, and the lust 2 Feet were so h;irJ an to almost resist the
pick.

The walls were 1 2 feet deep, 6 feet wide at the bottom and 3 feet at
the top ; tlioy wore constructed of nibble masonry, laid in hydraulic
cement. The masonry was composed of ^ound, well shaped and durable
stone, found in the vicinity of Penn Van. No stone was loss than 5
inches nor more than 12 inehes in thicknes". Thoy were hiid in full beds
ol' hydiaulio cement mortar, eomposcd of one part by measure of freshly
burned Rosendale cement, mixcil diy with 2 parts of clean sharp sand ;
afterwards, ennudi water was added to make the mortar work freely
under the trowel, and into all interstices betweoii the stones. Tlie faces
of the walls were made true and even by flushin;,' and pointiog the
joints with moitar.

A bed of liydraulie cement eoncrete, 1 foot in thickness, was laid on
the bottom of Uic reservoir, and extended 1 foot outside tlic walls all
around, and under the gate eiiamber it had a depth of 2 feet. The
concrete was ma'le of 1 measure of hydraulic cement and 2 of clean,
sharp ^■and, mixeii dry, and then just ononj^li water added to make a
mortar.

Broken stones, small enoiij;h to pass through a ring 2 inches in
diameter, free from dust and dirt, wore inenrporated with the mortar
so as to give a luiplns of mortar when rammed — the [iroportion not to
exceed 1 of mortar to 2i of broken stone, the eoncrete was laid in
layers of 15 Indies, and wa* expeditiously rammed and compaotoJ.

The interior surfaces of the walls were plastered to a thickness of 1
inch from bottom to top with Portland cement mortar, composed of 1
part by measure of the best imported Portland cement and 1 part of
clean, sharp sand.

Tiie soil of Penn Yan is a sandy loam, so that no rock or hard pan
was encountered.

There were 27,500 lineal feet of 4 inch pipe, 17,300 lineal feet of 6
inch pipe, 5,400 lintal feet of 8 inch pipe, 3,000 lineal feet of 10 inch
pipe, 7.500 lineal feet of 12 incii pipe, making a total length of 11.5
miles.

The weiithts per running foot of the cast-iron pipe, including hubs
and .'•^piggots, were as follows : —

150 net tons 4 in. e. i. pipe, 20 lbs. per ft.

K (I 0-> il il <l

" " 30 " " "

i. ,< 33 a ■, ,.

" " 43 '• " "

.E tl (Jl^ (I ii it

tl (I 75 (1 K <1

There were also 15 net tons special eastings, 85 double nozzle, 4 in.
lire hydrants. 5 double nozzle lire hydrants, in. connection, 10 three
way tire hydrants with secondary gate, G in. connection.

41 — 4 in. gate valves.

as— 6 " " "
15— 8 " " "

9—10 " "

8—12 " "
111 gate boxes and stones.

The engines were built by Worthington ; there are two of them,
capacity 750,000 gallons per day. Non condensing engines were used
because from all the figures attainable, tliere did not seem to be
sufficient saving of fuel to warrant the additional cost of condensing
eni'ines. In larger sized engines there is of course no question about
the advantage and economy of using condensers.

There arc two boilers made by Aimes.

The assessed value of Penn Yan, $1,800,000. The commissioners
purposely avoided liaving a sinking fund, as they did not wish to have

170 "

" 4

UO •'

100 '•

" 6

!)0 "

'• 8

120 "

" 10

185 "

'•12

the earo nnd responsibility of it, tlii.s thoy could not have avoided had
they issued bond» to be sold on the general market ; but they borrowe<l
money from the Comptroller of the Htate, and are to make annual pay-
ments on the Name.

Penn Yin has nut as yet ;i sewerage system, although surveys were
made for the same at the time of p\itting in the wuturworkn.

The entire system proved very satisfactory when completed. The
accompanying plan shows the relative position of the town, lake ami
reservoir.

i?iDOETOWN, Ont., 9th December, 1896.

P«s«rvoi,

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Plan> of Water System

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