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i
REMARKS,
In Support of the
NEW CHART
o F
NORTH and SOUTH
AM E R I C As
I N
SIX SHEETS.
By y. GREEN, Efq;
LONDON:
Printed for Thomas Jefferys, Geographer to his Royal HighneCs the
Prince of W A L E S, at the Corner of St. Ma ■tin'S'Lam, near Cifarwg'
Crofs, MDCCLIII.
.^- JL
V ",•
/ •
i «
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(i)
ADVERTISEMENT.
AS I had not the Good- kick to receive Mr. BeUbi^s Co. (5lion of his Me-
moirs, be:ore my Rv marks on the Chart o^ America were finillied ; fo
the Poflfcripr thereto, containing Reflexions on Meflieurs Bnachc^ and 7)c' L IJle*^
Map of \}\z Countries to the North of the South Sea, was priiittd-off he tore I had
a Sight ot th; Explanation *, which accompanied it : For as this Map, which
came Poll Irom Paris, was lent wirhnur the Kvphn.itinn, I rherelore conckided
that it had been publifhed without any ; and it was by great Accident that I came
to know there wis one, before the prefent Memoir, then ready for Fubhcation,
was expofed to Sals.
But now thir I have Il-en Mr. De VlfJ% Exflanatk}!, I find nothing in it
which may ob!:ge mr to rerrafl the leaft Tittle of what I have advanced in the
Poftlcripr. F::r from explaining, as by the Title might have betn expeded,
what concerns the Difcoveries afcribed to Admiral De Fonte, we are referred for
his Vouchers to a labfequent Memoir \ and there i-. not the kaft Mention made
ot the vaft Ini.nd-Sea, wluch takes-up fo much Room in his Map. Kowever,
Mr. De Ulfie hasinfcred one Authority in his Exrlanation, whxh mufl go flir-
ther in deciding the Matters in quclHon, than all othns which he may be able
to produce : inrca!i:y the only Tiling which can decide them ; and that is the
Letter afcnbed to Be Fonte, containing a Rch'.tion or Joiirnal of the Voyarre it-
fclf, tranflaieJ f'rcm an EngUJJj Manilcript Copy, tranfmittcd to him^from
Lcrdrn thirteen Years ago.
_ Wh.tl charg.- in the Fcllfcript is, th::t Mr. Be VJJle has placed the Difcove-
ries afcribed to Di Foyite, \o De<;rrees mrr - North than he ought to have done, in
confequrnce of p-Acing Rio del Keycs, or de los Reyes, in Latitude 63, inftead' of
53. Now,as:h-: fir.^Ie Point in qucition is, whedv-r Mr, Be L'JJIe has pliced that
River contormabic to the Journal or nor, I turned to De Fo^ite's Letter, to Ice what
Situation v. as given th^rein to the Rio de los Reyes ; and was furprifed to find it
marked 63 -. 1 concluded then, that the Error had been owing to th^. Copifl, or
TranOator, punirg one Figure for au'^ther ; and began to blame n.yfclfVor
having too-nafify charged Mr. De U I/Ie vAth placing that River in Latitude 6^,
con-rary to the Journal : which I did, by taking it for granrai, that re was pof-
feffcd of the original i:^;^/.//2; Tranflation inferred in tht Memo ir s f on be Curious, for
* Explication ct Iz Carte dc3 N uvelles De- Profefll'ur de Alathematiques au Colle-re Roval
cnuvertes :;u i- tJ ii b. Me- 'nd. r:.r M. Puns 17:- " ^
/ V
DeUIfe^Q i"Acyit2.i£ RoyaleJt- Sciences, & f Explicat. p. 14, 1
'.
%
4pril
( ii) _
/Ipril and Juiiij 170;*) : For however falft^ly Ve route's Difcoverlcs mny be rcpri,:-
fented in thc\T.ip, in crni'qienccof that Error ; yet fuppofing it to h;r v b.-. a
originally in Mr, D;' LV/Zt's MS. he c^ul I not juftlv be accufed of deviating
from the Journal, fincc he adted ronfornuble ro rhe Copy which he had of it.
Meantime, a"-, in comparing the Figures in the Pige one with another, I per-
ceived that the 6 in 6'^ had not the Appearance of other Sixes, cither in the
Shape or Situation, I begun to inlpedta litth: nearer into the Matier •, and on Ex-
amination found, that the 17umber had been acftually printed off 53, and ;he 5
changedafterwardsinto a 6 wirh the Pen. This, ahho' dextroufly managed in
the Copy before me, will readily appear on obfcrving the great DifTimilitude be-
tween the 6 in 6:^, and the 3 Sixes in the Lines immediately above and under-
neath i and how eafily the /: in 456, thiee Lines below, may be convened inio
fuch a 6 as is found in 63. As a hirtWer Proof, the Body of that 6 hangs below
the Line, in the fame Manner as does the Tail of the 5, out of which ic is
made, contrary to the Difpofuion of the other Sixes; and indeed to the Nature
of the Types, which will not in the ordinary W.iy ofcompofing admit of fuch a
Pufition.
Hence then It appear?, that the Latitude of Rio del Reyes was fet-down 53 in
the tranfmitted MS. and that, altho* Mr. De VJjle affirms, Page 3, that he has
given the Journal as he received it, yet he has corrupted it to ferve liis Purpoies.
In like manner as Rio del Reyes is in his Map placed in 6-^ Degrees of Lati-
tude, according to that Corruption ; it is alfo evident, that he has given to ir,
and in confequence thereof to the Lakes and Rivers mentioned in De Forte's
Voyage, a Situation too Northerly, by 10 Deg: jcs •, diredly contrary to the ex-
prels Letter of the Relation, as well as Dcfign of the Voyage, conformable to my
Charge. Notwithllanding which Mr. De L'//7(? declares no lefs than twice*, in
\\\% Explanation, thit on comparing Dq Fontt' s Relation y with the Voyages of the
Ruffians y he and Mr. Buache were fiirprized at the Conformity which they found be-
tween them: whereas it is demonftrable from the Premifes, that the Voyage is ex-
hibited quite contrary to the Journal, in almoll every Paiticular, as I alledge in
the Poftfcripc -, and that the Confonnity, if any, was of their own contriving,
nor did exift till the Alteration was m.adcin the Figures, after the Sheet had been
aftualiy printed- off in French', fo that the Relations in queftion were fo far from
corrcfponding when thofe Gentlemen ftrll compared them, that in all Probability
the Map itfelf was engraved bffore the Change of the Figure 5 into 6, on
which the pretended Conformity depended, did at all tike place.
However that be, it fcems r^al Matter of Surprize, t!i3t two Pcrfons of
Mr. De L'lflc^s and Buache\b"\(j,ure in Litcrat.ire, fhould undertake to make fuch
an Alteration in the Journal, without acquainting the Public, and affigning
their Reafons •, and yet more fo, that they fliould venture to make that Altera-
tion in the printed Page, as if they thought it would never be taken notice of,
or rather did noL regard a Detedion.
* P. 3 and 10.
n
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Ti.s
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( 111 )
'Th true, as tlryliaJ exhibited De Fonte\ Difcoveries In their Mip contrary
to the Journal, if (he Number 53 h.iti appeared in thtj Explanation, it would
not o'.iy ha/e contra. lictcJ \.\\-xi lurt^rijing Conformity, wiiich Mr. Be U Ijlc had
before hoalted of, b.,t indeed have contradidlcd the Map itfeif, and fo overthrown
their whole Scheme: tiierefore, as they had ne; l.'acd to make the Alteration in
either the /r^wf/^Trandanon, or the Proof at i'rcfs, they found thetnfclves un-
der a Neccflity of doing it in the printed Page. It is lucky for us, that they did
not chufeto reprint the Leaf; for if they had taken that Precaution, it mighi.
have produced a Controvcrfy, which could not have been determined fo cafily in
OuT Favour.
1 fhall only add farther, that this Piece of Legerdemain, (to give it no worfe a
Namej confirms what on other Grounds I have faid, p. 47, in the Poftfcripc:
that Mufieurs BeUJJle and Bnache gave no Credit to the Journal, and were con-
fcious the Difcoveries ufcribed to De Fonle were fpurious, at the fame Time they
adopted them. And indeed Mr. Z)^ L'y^/V acknowledges, p. 3, of his Expla-
nation, that the journal contains fevcral Things, which might call its Authority
in quellion : But the ExtracT: from the Registers of the Academy of Sciences,
at the End thereof, fpeaks Hill more fuipicioufly in thefe Terms, tht Things con^
tained in this Relation are of great Importance^ provided it he authentic.
For all i\mM^. De V IJIe thinks it jnay be genuine, becaufe Mr. Ellis, (Author of
Captain yV/(7m''s Voyage to Hudfon'sBay, in 1747) thinks itfo*;and becaufe
Mr. Ellis thinks fo, he concludes, that the Englijh in general are of the fame Opini-
on, It is thus Mr. De L'l/Je creates to himiUnmaginary Motives of Credibility,
tor want of real ones; and thefe Motives, however infignific, nr, arc the only
Authority which he has now to reft-on for the Veracity of the Journal, fince the
furprijlng Coniormky of \t with the RuJ/ian Informations has been proved to be
fiditious. I could back this Proof with (till ilronger Evidence, drawn from the
Extent, as well as Situation, given by Memeurs De UlJJe and Btiacbe, to the
'L'xktiValafto : for, to force a Conformity, and conned De Fonte*s with the Ruffian
Difcoveries, they not only have i)laced it many Degrees out of its Latitude, in
common with the other Difcoveries -, but, by miffaking or corrupting the obvious
Meaning of the Journal, have affigned it moft extravagant Dimenfions. But
of this enough at prtknt.
On the whole, as Mr, De L' T^c's prom i fed Proofs and Arguments in fupport of
his Map, fo far as concern De Fonte\ Difcoveries, are drawn from the RuJJian
InturmatJons above-mentioned ; confcqucntly they can be of no^vail to him.
*It would have been more to Mr. De U Ij7.:\
Piirpofe to li;i\v quoted the Author of Captain
Sf;;ii/.>'s \''oyage ' "adc in Company w ith Cap-
tain AIo:,re) who has publiflied Dc Fonte's I r-
ter, v.ith a large Comment, vvlicrcin its greateit
Abiurdities arc vindicj.:cd in a very extraordi.
nary Manner. For Inllance, A'ol. If. p. 327,
he ancrts, that ths finding a Fcrj'cn ever Land,
in Latitude 79, to the Head of Davis's Straits,
carries not the leajl Air of hrprobabilit^i nvith it :
altl.o', from what I have ohierved iii the Poft-
Itript/uch ajournw-y fcvin.--. utterly impracticable.
on
(I «
IV )
on this Occafion, fincc they can never reconcile it with either the Journal or Dc-
fi:.!,n, of flic Voya(j;c.'. However, in cafe when they appear, they fhould contain
any thing material, tending to juftily the Situation {2;iven in his Map tutliofc Dif-
covcries, I fliall readily allow them nil which can be fairly allcdgcd in their
Favour,
To conclude, the Facls above fet-foith are of fuch an extraordinary Nature,
that, fOi the Credit ol the Parties concerned, lor whole Merits I have a very great
EO-eem, 1 Ihould have been filent •, i: the Security ol Navigation, the Welfare of
Geography, and my own JuRification, three very important Moiives, did not
oblige me to take notice ot them.
N. B. TheCoafls of Anierka, as exhibited in the firfl: and third Sheets, vary in
feveral Kjipecb, from the Account which is given of them, p. 22 and 25, oc-
cafioned by theAlterations inlerted from Mr. Dc L'Jjlc's. Map.fince the Remarks
were printed. The Reader is defired alfo to corre(ft the following Millakes omit-
ted in the Errata.
Page 23, Line 15, for 47, read ^y ; alfo the lad line but two, after Coa/l, read,
iillbe came to 79 Degrees.
P. 24, 1. 6, for 6^^ r, 53,
p. 26, I. 32, after waSi r. io have been, 1. 4.2, after nrCi r. to he its anctcut
Boundaries ; thefe were
P. 31, lafl: Line but two, {or Print, r. Point.
P. 33, 1. 12, \ov cxatlly\ v. very zvcil.
P. 46, laft Line but one, for Nor/hzvtird, r. TVeJlzvard.
P. 47, 1. 20, for hlmfelj\ read his Brother. Lalt Line but two, after BcVIjlcy
T. Be la Croycre.
/*. i'. Since the above Advertlfoment was printed, the Royal Society have recovered from
Mr. Ds L Ijle, the Specimen of a New Map, fent by Poll from Paris, the 30th of No-vember lall,
%vhe<-ein the Difcovtrics afciibed to Dr- Fontc, and hi-; Captains, are reprefentcd more conform-
abh; to the journal than in that publiihed by him, and Mr. Buache, in Jutie before. In the
ii.xpiar.ation alfo, which came along with it, the Latitude of Rio del Reyes, appears to be 53
De',,nees, as it was printed off: So that the Corruption of the Figure 5 into 6, is tacitly con-
fcfied ; and all the Objtflionr,, which, in Confequence thereof, 1 have made to the former Map,
r.re ailo'.vcd ro be jvill. Mr. De Vljle to excufe himfelf, pretends, that Mr. Buache, who drew
thefirltMr.p, hr^d departed from his Inftrudions : But, whether this be really the Fadl; ? If Faft,
iiow it came to be 5 or 6 Months, before Mr. 7)^ L'^.reftify'd, gave Notice of, or perhaps found
out fuch enormous Deviations ? Which of the two Maps In (^ellion, was the Map by him laid
before the Royal Academy of Sciences In Jpiil 1750? And how far the pretended Dlfcoveries
of Dc fontc, iiill are from being exhibited in his New-Map, according either to De Fontei Jour-
nal, or his own Memoircs ? mull be the Subjcdt of another Enquiry.
"'"■"*"■ *"°'*''>" REMARKS.
REMARKS
In Support of the
New Chart oi AMERICA
In Six Sheets.
I
INTRODUCTION.
I Brttxfi Navigators. In making this Chart I confulted a great Num-
H E Englijlj Charts of Ammca, being for the general very incorredl,
I came to a RefoliUion to publifh fome New ones for the Ufe of
ber of other Charts, as well as Voyages antient and modern, foreign
and domeftic ; Among the former, I particularly had an Eye to thofe
of Mr. BelUn, the French Hydrographer, as they are the lateft and moft in
Vogue at pre fen t.
The French have long engrofled the Care of Geography to themfelves, and it
mull be confefled have brought it to greater perfedion than any Nation in Europe.
This is owing to the proper Encouragement which its Profeflbrs Cnever fo
numerous as at this Time) meet with in France : a Country fo fruitful of Patrons
for tk Sciences. And indeed, without the Patronage of the Rich and Great, it ii
hardly pomble,that the Sciences Ihould ever thrive much in any Place; unlefs they
who apply themfdves to fuch Studies were all Men of Fortune, or at leaft in eafy
Circumftances, to purfue them at leifure, which rarely happens to be the Cafe.
Our Neighbours are particularly zealous for the Advancement of Geography, not
only on Account ol its Ufe for underftandingHiftory j but aifo, as they confider
Its Improvement of the greateft Importance to Trade, by the Security which it
gives to Navigation. However it muft not be thought that the French are' the
only People capable of improving the Sciences. It will appear from our
Remarks, that the moft important Corredions which we have made have
been owing to the Journals and Obfervations of i?;/^/7> Navigators ; and it is
hoped this Performance will Ihew that we are as able to reform Hydrography, as
they J provided any tolerable Encouragement was given to Artifts : for want of
which. Chart as well as Map-making, is fallen into the Hands oi the Engravers,
whofe Ski 1 confifts in fupplying the Print-felkrs with their Produftiors in the
moft expeditious Manner, and at the loweft Rates.
But to return to Mr. Beltin: This Gentleman is at the Head of an Office in the
French Marine^ for depofiting Charts and Plans, to be made ufe of for tiie Benefit of
Navigation : a Regulation proper to be eftablifhed in every Maritime, Trading
E Nation *.
(4 )
N.ition *. The Count dc Maurefas^ being at the Head of the Marine, about the
Yf.ir 1737; to remove the Complaints which at that Jiindurc lay againd the
French Charts, and provide an accurate Sett, for the Ull- of the King's Ships,
tr'fred Mr. BcU'in to undertake that Tafk, and pubiilTi by Degrees a Sett
ot" New Chirrs, tor all Parts ol die Ocean : Which T.ifk he has at length in a
great Me^fvirc pertormed.
The Chatts of his whicii we fliall refer to in this Memoir, are his Chart
of the IFcJern Oreafi, puIiIiOicd in 17.^8. It contains all the Eafl Coaft of
N''ith-/hnericn^ from the Strt:i;;hts of Bell-IJIcy between Labrador and Ncw-
ffAindlauil^ wirh part of ihe North and Eaft Coaftof South-Amcrkay as fur as the
Line: \V\^ C\\:\\i o'i x\vj Ihculhcrn-Oceany in 1739, which includes the remain-
der of the Eallern Coafl of S'Jtith- America^ to Cape Horn : His Chart of
tlio S-uib-Sc'i^ in I 741: His Charr of the (7;.'///^ of A/zx/Vo, 1749: His Map
of the Wdrlil, i:i 174/, wh th comprifes all /^wcf/vVrt in fmall ; and his Chait of
the North Scis^ in 1750.
As Mr. BcUin is in roffefTion of fuch confulerable Helps -, and many Obfer-
vitions, of the Longitude, ai well as Latitude, have bei.n made on the
Coift^ of ////if/itV7, dpecialiy on t'lc Eall-fKie of the Northern Peninfula^ and
WMt f]clc < f the Sou hern, J imagined that I fliould have had very few Altera-
tions to make in hi. Char s, excepting in thofe P.uts relating to the Briti/h Do-
minions i with T' fpe6l to which it may be preiumcd, that we have mo-e accurate
MaCrials th.ui tlr/ French can well be M.;ltersof : But when I came to examine
th." orhi r Coafts, I was furprized to find that Mr. Belliti had committed very grofs
Millakc , partly l)y relyirg on certain Obfervations of the Longitude, ' dch at
b ft we-e very doubtful, and wanted to be verify'd j partly by depending on er-
ron. O' s Charts, made by former Geographers, without giving them a due Ex-
amination i and partly, by either rejecting the accurate Journals of eminent
Navi^'aors, or elfe unreafonab'y ftraining them, in Favour of his own Ideas,
and tiie doubttul Obft rvatiors before meit.oned.
This is the Condi inn in which I found Mr. Bellhi's Charts : Nor did the Mat-
ter appear to be n.enaed by Mr. Byouckner^ who in 1749 publifhed a general
Chart of the Sea-Coafls throughout the World, at Berlin^ in Twelve Sheets, un-
der the Patr; nage and at theExpence of the late General Smeilazv. For that Hydo-
graphcr, after unproving the Coafts of Siberia from the RiiJJian Difcoveries, has
dene little elfe, fo far a« relates to America^ than copy'd Mr. Bcllin. Such great Im-
perfedtions difcovered in our latell and moft cryed up Performances, made me re-
iolve to purfuc my Defign, left the Ufc of thefe erroneous Charts, being introdu-
cd among cur Navi^atois, might be attended with ill Coiifcquences to the
Brilijh Navigation.
In drawing Charts fome Imagine that Charts only fhould be confulted : As I
am of a differenL Opinion, 1 had recourfc alfo to the Maps i and muft fay in Praife
• Mr. Pf/liti on this Occafion obfervcs, in
the I'lc'tui'i.- to luj Calleiiku tf Memoin (which
did not coine to Hand till thcle Reiiiarks were
finifhed) 1 kat it is ciiffuult to correSi the Charts
tffe:iuatly, fince it requires extraordinary Htips,
•t^t o/lt^K fo'\\;er cf a piivi.te Man te procure,
and IV hid thofe only ivho are at the Head of Jf-
fairs are able to pro'vide. He adds, That then
is no pnffshility cf colleiling all the Materials ne-
teffary for fuch a Defign, but by sftablifhing an
Offitefur thePurpcfe, like that of ChartSy Plans,
and Journal!, btlonging to the Marine,
1
( ; )
of thofe publifhed by Mr. D'Anvillcy at the Expencc of rhc late Duke o^Orkmis *,
Tiuit the Coafts of ////j(?mrt arc laid down in his Maps more exactly, t>jr the
life of Navigaiion, than in any of the Charts. For although thit eminent Ci. ogra-
pher tMth in common with others committid fomel'lrrorsin the I\arts inchidcii in the
J9n/j/7j Difcoveries about ^.•'^/'jZfrtv and Dav'n\-Slreii^hts ; yec he has every
where ilfc avoided all thofe grols Errors to be found in Mr. Bei'in's Ch.irts,
iiom which his differ almofl as much ns mine. This great Uifagrcement air.oii!?;
the Charts is owing principally to the Gcop,raphcrs being oblig'-d to havt- recount
to Nautical Ellimations of the Bearings and Diftances fwhich in their Nature: are
very uncertain, often imperfecfl) to adjud: the Pofitions of mod: Places on the
Coalts ihrougliout the Globe, for want Of a fufFicient Number cf arcunt.- Agro-
nomical Obfervations, which only are capable of eiVcding that moment )us End
to any Degree of Certainty.
On the other Hand, if our Materials be ever fo exa.fl, yet the Accuracy n-jcef-
fary for Navigation will be wanting, unlcfs a proper Projcdion be ciiolen. In
Drawi'^g this c;1i<ul therefore we h.u'c mule ule of that invented bv o'.r
Countryman Mr. IFn^ht, tho' unjuRly afcribcd by fome Foreign N.itions to
Mercator^ whofe Name it bears f. This admirable ConLTiv.,nce, whirh m-'v
be called T'/" trn,^ Naitiical Chart, exiiibits the B.aring and DKlance of PL,c s',
with no Icfs Precilion than th'; Situ itions -, and one may be found wiih th.; fime
Eafe as the other : feeing all the Circles (f the Globe are reduced thtrtin to
ftrait Lines, without aiy of the Inconveni-ncies found eitli?r in the Planifph^re,
or the pla'n Projedion, by iwo gr.at a Contradion or Extcnfioh of Countri-i-s.
As without proper Vouchers no Wojk is of the leail Author.ty or Valiie-, and
Charts a-e capable of carrying tb-ir ' wn C*-eatntiuls along with them, 1 have n:t
only marked the Places, wiiofe Sit 'ations ha'e been determined by Aftronomers
or other accurate Obfer^'ers, as Mr. />V///// ha^ done -, but have inf. r^cd 'J'aMc.s
of the Obfi-rvations chemfrlves, as w,.ll as mentioned the principal Charts and
Surveys made ule of in D. awing our Cha't, in order to fliew the Aurhoritics on
which it i grounded. If tliis Improvement gives my Performance muchAd.-
vantage over Mr. Bellin's, I prefume ic will receive fome Augmen'a ion a'lo
from the Comparative Tables, added to !he-\v fome of the moH mat.ri;il Difl'r-
ences which there aie between his Ch:,fr .;nd mine. On t'^i' Occaiion 1 miill ob-
ferve, that the; better to compare o>!r Chnr- with Mr. /^e-.'/z'/'s, I have f d!ov/fe[
him, incoirputing Longitude from the Meridian oi' Ferro, which may be erdlJy
reduced .o th t oi Lsruhn by adiMng i;^ 35 •, and to that of Pans by ad&nvj
19°. 51. or for lake of the round Number 20 Degrees, i\\t Meridian- Lij} ah ce
between tb- fc two Cities being 3". 25.
It were to be -"iflipd that all the Proofs requifire to fupportour Chart, could !)c
produced upon U : But as thofe which we have iiUerted, are riot iudicimt ro
juftiiy
* We arc tolel that Narfh America, con.-.linc!; PJeOVs Bdllyj ,i.nd Prucher. Mr. D\V»^'/.7,,-em-
of Three Sheets, coil that noJle Patron, for ploys a cirtulir fort or ProjL-(Jt on, whi.h mav
Dr.wing an J Engraving only, no lefs then be called a Di'atation of the /-'-r/r «.•/«/ /'W-
1000 Pounds; and Zaulh-ylnuiica, in I'hree fpJ.cre, and is the moft cnmmn.lious for Mani,
Sheets alfo, the iame Sum. "if „nt (.harts, aj it exhibi-s Countries and'
f ': he French call this kind of Piojeftion P.uces in their due Pro[.ortions, Figure.s, and
Carte P.cduiu, which ii, that made \\k of by Situation, nearly as exact at, the Gleibe icf-U",
^
»'.<;,<ii'j
(6 ^
juflify the Alternt'rns we have made -n tliofc Parts, where Aftronomlcal Obfer-
viions imu Surv-.-ys are wa-: r.g, I tbercftre jixiged it neceflary to fupply the
iXlcv'l by M'JiMS of a ivlfrr.-jir un-vT up from rhe Minutes I maJe of the mod
ctv.fKki.ible F^'rro's v. hich I m*t-\vich in comp:iring Mr. i?f//f;/'s Charts, with the
J'.iiirnals of ;ible Nav ig :tors. It is roc to be cx:-)fdled that I fhould account for
the i^ofition of ev( ry Port, Capf, or Ifland, ro be found in this vaft Extent of
1-anJ and Water, cuntiinin;^ no Lis than one half of the whole Terraqueous
Cjlohe : This would rtqjire a \'c'i:rn_' iiirteadcf a Pamphlet ; which, as it is, has
fw. lie 1 too mi;c!i. In rfcard I have altered nothing in his Charts, but where I
thought I CGukl ei;her mmJ or improve them, I have rr;ade no Remarks but
where I ina^'c tra !e Altcr.i;jors: They who defire to be farther Titificd, efpeci-
ally wiih Rtfpefl; ^o the Har^s which I hav.: net altered, or animadverted on, may
have recou! fit to Mr, /^•.'.'•.■.'s Mer.-soi.s, accommodated to his Charts; wherein
he lias entered into more D^ra:!.
Ori this Occafion I muft obferv?, that Mr. D^Anville in his elaborate Analyfis of
his Map cA hah, promiifd to pubiilh b.xplanationswith all his Maps: But none have
appeared wih any wnich he hai publifhed fince, being thofe o\ Africa andA/ne-
rica : neither has he proJ'Jced any Vouchers in the Maps themfelves ; nor fo much
as marked the Places • whoh S::uations have been determined ; which Precaution
alone, would be a Means to prevent one Geographer varying from another, with-
out fubftantial Reafons : If iheretVre I have varied from him in fome Points, or
net followed him oftencr than I have done, it may poflibly be owing to thofe
Negleds.
Mr. Eellin has indeed pjblifhed Memoirs with his Charts, and marked the
Places whole Longitudes or Latitudes have been determined by Aftronomers:
But he has neither given Tables of fuch Situations in thofe Charts, nor inferted
them in his Memoirs ; think .ng it enough barely to name the Places, where
Obfervations have been made -. 'Tis true, that in order to fhew the Difference
between his Chart and thofe of others, he fometimes fpecifies the Obfervations
themfelves, but this not frequently enough; being often content to fay, that the Pofi-
tion of fuch and fuch Coafts, has been regulated by the Latitudes and Longitudes
determi led at fuch and fuch Places : That the Charts o'iTbornion^ or Vankeulen err
fo many Degrees in laying down fuch a Port, fo much more Eaft or Weft than
the Obfervations place it ; or that by the Obfervations made at one Port, another
ought to have fuch a Longitude. But of what Ufe or Authority can fuch a vague,
obfcure and perplexed Way of ftating Things pofTibly be, unlefs the Obferva-
tions themfelves were particularly fpecified ? And there is the more Necelfity for
this, as often through fome Mifl:ake of the Draftfman or Engraver, Places
are found feveral Minutes out of their due Latitudes or Longitudes : And often
thofe
\
* Poflibly for fear of injuring the Beauty of
his Mapr, which indeed, are Pina.am a ftrict
Senie : For my Part I think thefe Marks give
Bn Emhcllilnment ; as all Marks do which
dillinguill! Place; on Account of their Rank,
Opulence, or any other remarkable Occafion :
But iuppofing fuch Marks did in fome fmall
Degree impair thr Beauty of a Map, is not
Inftruftion, and a Proof of Accuracy, to be
preferred to Ornament ?
f He fometimes mixes the Places where only
the Latitudes have been obferved, with thofe
at which both the Longitude and Latitude have
been obferved, without diftinguifliing one Sort
from the other ; thinking it enough perhaps,
that he has done it in his Chart.
l7)
thofe Situations cannot be Found by a Chart, within t$ 69 to Minutes, if not
more, on Account of the Smallnefs of the Scale.
In regard our Defign at prefent relates wholly to yf«mV<7, we fhall confine
cur Remarks, as well as Tables to it ; contenting curfelvts only to diflinguifh the
Places, whole Situations have been determined on the Coafts of Eufop? and
j^frica, which fall within this Chart; and which will be exhibited intire, with the
fame Illuftrations, in fubfcquent Produftions.
For Sake of Method, I fhall divide this Traft into Two Parts -, the Firtl re-
lates to North- Ammca^ the Second to South- America.
PART I.
-n—
NORTH' A ME RICA.
SEVERAL Aitronomical Obfervatlons, both of the Latitude and Lon-
gitude, have been made in North- America^ particularly at Churchill River^ in
Hudfon\-Bay\ Bojlon in New- England i New-Tor k ; Nevj-Orleans, on
the River Mtj[ftjfippi^ near its Mouth ; La Ve^-a-CruZy in the Gulpb of Mexico ;
and at Puerto- Bella, in the IJihmus of Darien, belonging to TierraFirma.
But, although thefe Obfervations ferve to fix the general Situation of that Con-
tinent, yet they are not fufficient to regulate the Pofition of the feveral Coafls to
that Degree of Precifion which is requifite for the Security of Navigation : For
Inftance, we have not one Obfervation of the Longitude for the whole Weftern
Coaft of North-America^ from Panama, Northward ; nor more than Two, namely
thofe made at Bojlon and New-l'ork, for all the Eaftern- Coaft, extending the
Space of 1 600 Leagues from Cape Bifcaino, the moft Southern Point of Florida^
to the utmoft Extent of Greenland North-Eaftward, as far as known. To fupply
the D fefi: therefore of thofe fure Fc . ndations, I have made ufe of Surveys, wher«
they could be had ; and for want of fuch Materials, have had Recourfe to efti-
m.ited Meafures.
North- America, with the Seas and Iflands furrounding it, takes up Four of th6
Six Sheets, which include the whole Continent, namely, the Firft, Second,
Third and Fourth *, and as we fhall go gradually round the Coafl, beginning
Northerly, with the Parts neareft Europe, our Order leads us Firft to
C fht
<8)
t)
I ,>
7/
he
S ECO N D
Sheet.
TII I 3 Sheet comprifcs Bafh^s^ and IIuJ/on^^-Bnys, with the Straits, inantl.i
and Countries bordering on them, p.irticidarly Labrador, ov New -Britain
and Greenland. It is in t'le l-*ar.s conr.iined in this Sheet that the Charts
differ moll among themfelves; and we more from them, tiian they do from one
another. Hov/ever, piirfu.mt to my Rule bid-down, not to make Alterations
without an Occafion, I have given Iceland, the fame Situation and Form, which
it has in Mr. Bellin\ Chart. It was taken from that of Andrevj Veileins, which
the' publiflied fo long ago a=; 158.;, is the bed, and only one, at leaft, in any
Detail, now extant. It:^ Latitude is adjufted by that oi Hola*, obferved about
the fame I'in^.c by Gmidcbrand of 1'horlak^ Bifhop of that City j and its Longi-
tude from the Eftimation of Navigators.
The Eaflern Coaft Oi Greenland, from Cape Farewell, its mofl Southern Point,
as far as Olh'in Lav/ir: Frith, is hiid down from the Chart of Kgede, publiflied in
1741, and t!:at of Mr. yi/;;i^r/«z of the Imperial Academy, in 1750 ; compared
with the OIl! Maps publifhed by 'Thormodeus 'Torfeus, in 1706 •, and fome Dutch
Charts of Blcan and. (Uhers, about his Time, to which Mr. Anderfon feems to have
been much bcv.okien : From Ollu7n X^wj^rz Northward we have confulted the fame
Tiiitch and EngliJI) Charts, befides the Journals of Hudfon and otlier Navi-
gators.
The Weft Coaft of Greenland, from Cape Farcojell, as high as the Ifle of JVay--
gats •, with the Coaft of James's, Iftand, to the pricked Lines, is drawn chiefly
from Egede's Map of Greenland, from which, in this Part, that of Anderfon is chiefly
taken : But thofe Maps are very defedive for want of the Names given to moft of
the Bays and Sounds, by the firft Difcoverers, which v/e have added or reftored ;
particularly all thofe whofe Latitudes were obferved, as in the I'able infcrted in
this Second Sheet.
Our Chart in this Part differs greatly from all prececding it Among other Cor-
reftions, we have difcarded the Two great Streighcs, one called Frobijljers, the
other Bear-Sound, with which almoft all the Charts crofled the Southern End of
this Peninfula, in different Places. Frohifier, places his pretended Streight in
6'^'\ 3'. in which he is followed by Mr. Bellin : But fome put it a Degree higher *,
others a Degree lower, as Mr. D'Anville, who places two Sounds to the North of
Bear-Sound. Others, as Captain Middleton, make no Streights higher than Fro-
hijhers, but infert one or two lower, befides that of Cape Farewell. But all thefe
Streights except the laft are merely imaginary, if we may depend on Mr. Egede^
who tells us, " That he travelled by Land along the Welfern Coift, to the
*' Southern Point of Greenland, in queft of thofe Streights, but could find none.'*
It is probable FrobiJ^oer miftook Erith*s-Firth for a Streighr, for he did not pafs
through it -, or they were imaginations of his own, like Friczcland f , which he
pretends.
* See Aiigrim Jonas Defcrip. Iceland, ap,
Purchas Pilgr. vol. 3. p. 6^4.
t Ihis Ifland had its Exiltencc from the fa-
bulous P elation of the Zaii, Foietians, who in
the Yeii!" i 3S0 pretended to have found a very
potent Prince there .; and to have Icrved him
in feveral military Expcditicrs, in which he
conquered feveral neijjhbouring Countries.
This iinannrry Ifle lias been inferted in tlie
C'iiart.->, ail low down as that of Captain »/W»
in 16-0.
(9)
pretends to have fcen, in 6i Degrees of Latitude, and 25 Degrees of Longitude,
naniir.g xtNew-Evgland : For the Relation he has left is no regular Journal, but
a ranibling Account of his Voyag'j, which in feme Places is to be fufpcded j
without either Courfo, Diftaaci.s, Longitudes, or Latitudes, excepting thofc
Two above- mt ntiontd .
Mr. tSV///;/, in his Map of the World, has inlerted the two Streights above-
mentioned ; and nude the Eaft Co.ilt of Greenland, run North-Knltward in a
Line from Cape Fare-well, as far as Gael's- Il/y ; where it turns to the North:
Rut in his Chart of the Nor'h-Seas he has relormed thofe Errors by following
Auderfon' '^^ Map.
As to the Situation of Cape Fanxvell, the mofl Southern Point of Greenland, at
the Entrance o'i Davii's-Streights^l place it in Longitude 26". 30. which is 30 M.
more Weft then Mr. D'AnvHle places it ; But i". 30'. more Eaft than by Mr.
Belliiij'a Map of the W^orld, and 50 Minutes more Eaft than by his Chart of the
Norih Seas. Captain M'lddlelon, puts Cape Farezvell one Degree more Eaft ; and
Mr. Eg^ede 2°. 20'. more Welt than I have done.
The Streights of Davis extend from Capj Farezvell Northward, as high as
72 Degrees, 30 Minutes, in all 13 Degrees; for fo far that Navigator failed up
them : But Mefluurs Bellin and D'Anville have contraded them unreafonably in
their Charts, allowing them no more than 4 Degrees in length, viz. from 68 to
72 Djgrees ot Latitude, where Baffin'' s-Bay begins.
This Bay *, which fo well defervts that great Navigator's Name, beino- one
of the moft noble Difcoverics that ever was made, is laid down from his own
Reladon of the Voyage, performed by him under Captain Mo/, in 1616; not
22 and 24, t as fomeof the lateft Charts, EugliJJi as well as French, do mark it.
No Part of the Ocean perhaps has been fo erroneouQy, as well as differently, repre-
fented as this Bay, to which our Chare and Map-makers have afcribed almoft
all Sorts of Shapes and Dimenfiosis. Some give it no fewer than 52 Degrees of
Longit'i 'e, of wliich Number is Sanfon and Mr. Bellin, witli his Copift Brouckner ;
{qw.z, :is Bleau 44. ; AUard, and otlier D/r/r/j, 40: Del'IJIe, whoinhisrirftMaps,
which iV/'/t'.v copied, made 1145, in his latter reduces it to 30 Degrees: Mr.
D'Anvdle brings it down to 25: Captain i^c:*' to 20; and AM, thinking even that
too much, reduces its Mealure to 14 Degrees, which in that Latitude make but
little more than 70 Leagues.
One m.iy wonder Irom whence fo great Variety and Uncertainty could have
its Rife •, fir.ce, although Baffin's Map and Journal, thofe Jewels, are loft by
falling into the Hands o^ Purchas\]: Yet his Relation feems to require that it
fliould have as much Extent as wc hr e given it, that is, 41 or 42 Degrees,
from Eaft to Weft ; and for the general, Foreigners have, in this Refpedl, followed
his
* Some Geojraphcrs, .nnd among the reft P.iltry Maps, pretends he v.ms hindrtJ by th
/Ir.D.ri/ie, i\\y, k w unnamed Cl'rijriiw'u-Bay, F,> pence, from publi(hing Baji/i'r Llip an
M
by Llct.-i, in 1619 ; .n'tho' that D^:/:e never was
farther than L./,i'/ini-B,y.
•}■ See Mj/I's and DeTIfe'i M.ips oi Jmnica,
Caj->tain MhWcfon's Chart, isfc.
y 'i'iii* Colkdor, who has infertcd fo many
e
puoiiining lUiff.uT r-vTip and
Journal. If there be any Ke.mains of liie Map
or Chart extant, it ia probably to be found in
Jamcs^ Chart ; from which Fax feems to have
copied, but without any Care
\
r
f
w
( 10 )
his Narrative more clofely than the EngliJIj. What I moftly admire at, is how
Foiiy who lived ib near the Time of Baffin, came to contract it io unreafonably :
Thisfliews hov/ much fuchThings have been ne^ledted •, and what NecefTity there
was, from the firft, to have had an Office, for depofuing tie Charts and Journals,
macle by our Foreign Navigators.
If Mr. BelUn has exhibited the Extent of Baffin" s-Bay, from Eafl to Weft-,
more exactly than >'^r. ly Anville j with regard to the Extent from North to
South, Mr. B\fiiviUe's Map mull heave the Preference to the other'sChart, which
puts Bi^gs'^ Cape in the Latitude of 74°. 40. inftead of 76°. 35'. He likcwife
makes it flretch VVclhvard, to the very Middle of the Bay, at 1 eafl 26 Degrees
from the Eallern Coalt •, which is 15 or 20 Degrees more Wcfl than ir ought to
be placed : In this he fcems to have followed Sanfon and 'he Dt/tcby from whom
lb me of OLir Englijb copied about the Middle of the lall: Century. Mr. D^ Anville
gives that Cape its juft Latitude, agreeable to Mr. 7Ji7/'.^(? •, but in placing it
20 Degrees more Well than the Eaft Coaft, he fcems not to have follovi'ed the
Relation lb exadly as his Predeceflbr, who makes the Diftance but 10 Degrees.
It is in order, ifpoflible, to fix the Situation and Dimenfions of this Bay, an!
prc:vent for the future fuch enormous Deviations, that I have added Baffiin*?, Courfe
round thisShore,with theDiftances and Latitudes of the Places, which he touched at.
To retur--. to Davis'?, Streights : I have placed Mount Ralegh conformable to
the Relation of that Navigator's firft Voyage, in 66'\ 40'. Mr. D<f/'//7(? has done
the fame in his Maps : But the other Geographers have greatly deviated.
Mr. B' Anville advai ccs that Mountain to 67°. 20. MefTieurs Bellin and Brouck-
Tier to 68 : Nor have the Engiijh followed the Obferver much clofer. Molly for
Inftance, puts it in 67". 20'. and what isftill worfe, on the Weft-fide o^ Cumber-
land Streights ; Captain Middleton, in Sy". id. Far from being placed higher
than 66". ,40', Mount Rabg ought rather to be put more than a Degree lower,
according to the Journal of Davis'^ Third Voyage : For the i ()th of July
1587, at Noon, he was in 6^'\ 20'. At One o'Clock, [fteering Southward] he
had Sight of Mount Rakg -, and about Twelve at Night was athwart of Cumber-
land-Streights. Again, in his Second Voyage : " Standing over from the Green-
land Side, after running about 70 Leagues Weft, he fell in with the American
Shore, in 66". 19 . and then coafting it Southward, came to a fair Promon-
tory, in 65 Degrees of L-atitude, to the South of which there was no Land i
«c
«(
it
and here he had hopes of a thorough Paflage. Sailing on, he at length dif-
coveredLand -, and fometime after found himfelfby Obfervation, in 64"". 20'."
This Promontory ieems to me to have been the Cape o( God's Mercy (mentioned
a little lower) -, and the Opening to the South, C«w^^?'/rtw^ Streights: For it tallies
with the former Account ; and from the Journals of Davis's three Voyages, it does
not appear that there was any other great Inlet along the Coaft, which he dif-
covered, till he came to Lum'ey's *. Hence I have been tempted to think, that
in the Relation of his firfl. Voyage, the Latitude of 66"^. 40'. might have been
inferted by Miftake, ipftead of 65^. 40'.
However
• Captain MiMctt* indeed places Lumlcy% Inlet in the Latitude of this Opening.
I
f
( II )
HouTver that be, Mtfriciirs B' Anville and Bellnu hive erred il;i!l more enor-
moiiny, with regard to the Places mentioned by D^-j/.c, in the Neighbourhood of
Mount Ral:g, Davh \\-\\o\\w%w^, that he anchored n?ra- this Mounr, in a Road.
which he called 1'otncfs Read, encompnnTed with a Sound, to which he gave the
Name oi Exeter- Sound: the North- For eland, he called Dycr'i-Cupc ; and the5^///;>
Foreland, or Check of the Sound, Cape Walfuigham. Aw^nfl the Eighth, he S lilcd
S. S. V: and on the Eleventh, came to the Southermoit'Cape * of this Land,
which he named, 1'he Cape of God's Merry.
According to this Account, the Three Y'apes o( Dyer, IFalJlro^bam, and God\
Grace, lay in a Line, from N. N. E. to S. S. W. As for their mutual Diftancc,
the Second might have been Five Miles from the Firfl: ; and the Third 30 or 40
Miles from the Second. Yet Mr. Bellin perverting this Order, not only makes
Cape Waljhghani the Southermofl; Point of the Coall -, but places Djf/'s Cape
2^\ 2 +^ to the North ; and the Cape of GV/'/Mrr;', r,-'. 15'. to the Weft of it.
Mr. Bell'm fell into thcfc enormous Errors, by following the Chart of Laurence
FeykesHaan, pubjiflied by Van Keulen, wnich, tho' he afRrms it to be the bell
extant, is, in reality, one of the worft, and made-up at Random from other
Charts. 'Tis prefumed Mr. BcUin, inftead of taking-ill thefe Remarks, will be
obliged to me for them ; fince, in his Obfervations on bis Chart of the North-Seas,
he feems to invite f Perfons to criticife his Charts.
_ In Confequence of placing Mount Raicg erroneouay, Cumherland-Streights arc
likewile placed more Northward than they ought to be: Or perhaps it would he
more proper to fay Mount Raleg has been removed, in Confequence of remov-
ing Cumberland-Strelghts. To exp'ain this, it muft be obferved, that although
neither Davis, nor Baffin, law any Land on the Weft- fide of Davis' s-Streightsi
from the 67th Degree of Latitude Northward jj ; doubtlefs, becaufe hindered by
the Ice, which they always had to the Weft of them : Yet, about the Middle of
the laft Century, Land was difcovered on that Side, from 6S Degrees, to about
72 or j^, with a great opening to the Southward. This is called, in fbme Charts,
particularly thole of Egede and Anderfon, James* s-Ifland i and the GeogTaphers
fancied the opening to be Cwnberland-Streights. In Conf-nuence of this, they
placed Mount 7?.7% near the South-Eaft Point § of ^aw."//-^'/^;;,/, and' accom-
modated the other Particulars found in Davis's Relation to thofe new Ideas,
which thpy had conceived on the abovementiontd Difcovery. But it is demon-
flrable, /rom the Premiflfes, that thefe cannot be the Streights in qu^ftion, with-
out fujDpofing Davis to have erred loan P:xcefs, in obferving the Latitude, fcarce
to be irnagined in fo able a Navigator, who was twice or thrice upon the Spot.
And this will, in fome meafure, juftify me, in making Two Streights ontheWeft-
D fide
* He ftopt by the W.iy, or made but very
f o\v Sail ; for by the journal of his Third
Voyage, it appears that he was bin from Noon
ti!l Miclnijrht, in running fiom the Height of
^;^'unt K^/tr, to the Cape ofGcfs Merrw
i Le <iu"on vient de voir, rne paroit fuffifant
pour faire voir, Ic;; iourcts oij nouh avons puife
li's parties de detail, iV mtttrc ies S9avans t<c Ics
Navigateurs en etat de nous oppofer une criti-
que faine Sc jndiciculV, a lacjutlle nous nous
rciKhoub toujours avec plaiui.
a//u,
the Jd-vertifr!>icKt to his ColIcSUon of Memoirs,
^lihUjhcd this Year, p. 2, 3.
II They frequently attempted to get to the
WelU-rn-Coalt, but could not for the Ice ; and
'tis likely there was Loail to the Weft of
the Streight, fo long as they had Ice-Banks on
that Sidf. Bnjfiii, found the Ice 20 Leagues
from the Eall-Shorc, in 7:;". 50', Latitude.
§ Thij Point (liould be Cape Bedfrd, by the
Latitude of 68 Dcerees, given to it in the £//?-
VjhVikt.
I
Hi
4^1
liU-
( 12 )
fide of Daz''^''s Slrei^bfs, one of them hitherto unknown, both to the Geographers
and Navigators, tho' yearly frequenting thofe Seas j nay, in Efl'ed, unknown to
the Difcovcrer himfclf.
But more folly to fupport this double Alteration, it will be nece(Tary to have
rccourfe to Bnf}in\ own Relation of this Voyage, on which chiefly it is grounded.
'I'hat able Pilot informs us, that having run-down the Weft-fide of the Bay,
\i-om Lancajler-Soimd^ to the Latitude of 71°. 16'. he perceived L.and, as fa.
(Souths as 70". 30'. but not being able to come at it for the Ice, he refolved to
make his Way through that Obftacle •, and then keeping without the Ice, till he
came into 70 Degrees, to have flood-in again. But in this he found himfelf difip-
pointed : For he was lorced to fail above 60 I^eagucs before he could get-into an
open Sea J and then was fo embarraflTed with Ice, between him and the Shore,
that he could not get Sight of Land till he came into the Latitude of 68 Degrees :
Nor then could come near it within 8 I-eagues,for the Ice j which, in Three Days
more, led him into the Latltvide of 62". 40 . At whirh Time, perceiving he v/as in.
the Indraught of Cumberland-SnigbtSy he left the Well-Shore, and ftood-over for
Cocken's-SonrhJ, on the Greenland Coaft.
Now, upon a Suppofition that the Land, called yames's-J/hndy is a Reality ;.
(and of this there can, I think, be no room to doubt*), then from the Account of
Baffin, it is plain, that he did not come-back out of his Bay, by the fame Streight
he went-in at i although, by his Silence, it is evident that he thought he did : and
this was the Reafon of his Surprize, to tind himfelf in the Indraught of Ctwiher-
land-Streights, when he ieaft expedled it ; not dreaming of any other Streights
thereabouts. When he had run 60 Leagues dueEad, and gotten-clearof the Ice,
into an open Sea, he doubtlefs turned his Courfe to the South, as he had intended it,
and found a PaiTage that Way. f But this could not pofTibly hcBavis^i-Streights :
for before he could have reached the Top of that Streight, he mufl: have failed,
perhaps. Three Times 60 Leagues ; and alfo, have (leered his Courfe North-
cafterly : Not only becaufethe Nortiiweft-fide of that Streight,. in all Prob.;bility,
extends beyond 72 Degrees of Latuiide§ ; but alfo becaufe of the Ice, which fo in-
cumbered this North-WeftCoall, that Baffin, in his Pafil\ge into the Bay, was in
75". 40'. before he got-clear into an open Sea; having, till then, the Ice on the
Weft. Whereas v/e do not find> that after Baffin had failed 60 Leagues Eaft, in
the
* r.gede, fays, the Weftern-Shore has been
difcovcred, iipward.s of 70 Degrees of Latitude ;
;ind that the Grecnlanders of the Gulph q{ Difco,
in 69 Degrees, fay, they have fpoken with
People of the fame Language, beyond the Ice :
So that Greenland is divided from America, by
only a fniall Streight, fo narrow, that Men on
both fides are able to (hoot the fame Filh ; and
at the fame Time. Natur HijL of Greenland,
P. 2. and in the Note.
t This appearb from Jfmei''i Chart, in which
the Coall from Lancajla-Saund^ runs South-Eaft
to Davis' s-Htrcights, in 68 Degrees of Latitude ;
and then South to Cumberland-Streights, as in our
Chart ; but without any Ifland, like Jamef''s,
to the North, between it and the Eaitern Coaft:
3
Which is a Proof in our Favcur : Since being
furc that there is fucli an liland ; and fuppofing
yames'i Chart, to have agreed witli Bajf.ns,
that Na\ig3tor murt neceflarily have palied be-
tween it, and tlie Weft-lide of D.ifis'j-Sfr.rg/:/s.
We could not procure 'J,irne.''i Chart, till our
Second Sheet was finilhcd; otliorwifc B.ijfi.is-
Bay fhould have been reprefentcd more conform-
able to it.
(I Some old Dutch Charts, as thofe in 5
Lightening Column, make the Coafl of uhatis
now called Janus' 5 -IJland run North to about
71°. -o'. and then with a fwecp inwards to the
North-Weft. Captain Middkton, in his Chart,
runs the Coaft from Cuviberland-Strc'ghts,
N. N. E. as high as 75 Degrees of Latitude.
'%
the Parallel oF 7 p. \6. that he turned at all Northerly j or paft through any
more Ic*, as he muft have done, had he gone either Northward, or continued his
Courfe Eallvvard.
Bajin thtrctbre muft needs have returned by fome other Streight than that of
Dav:: And as, from the Circurnftances of his Relation, it could not be by Cum-
balarJ-Sirtigbts, what more likely than by that which I have traced-out, and
named from W\m B ajfji* s-Streights ? whofe Eaftern Entrance is exhibited diltin(5lly,
by the Opening, in Egede's Map, and fome old Dutch Charts ; b.it confounded
With Cumb3r.dnd-Streights^ in thole of others. That there is fuch a great Opening,
m the Part where I place Baffin' s-Sireights, is evident, not only from the Charts
btfcM^-mentioned, wherein the "La-nd ciWtd James* s- IJIaml is inferted ; but from
the Relation of Davis^ who in paffing-up the Streighrs which bear his Name,
informs us, that in the Latitude of 67 Degrees, he could fee both Shores ; bur
thai :n Litirude 68, the Paflage enlarged, and he could not fee the Weftern
Co-ft, or that of America *.
It may be obferved further, that from Lancajler-Souvd^ to 71". 16. Latitude,
jSjr?T?j's Courfe was Southward, with Ice to the Weft, between them and Short.
The Rcafon why they, in that Latitude, were furrounded with Ice,and were forced
to run 60 Leagues before they got through it, was, becaufe the Land thereabouts
trendtd Eaftward, or South-ealtward, and flopped the Ice which was driven from
the North, till it found the PalTagc abovementioned. Llad that Coaft been clear,
they had pofllbly come-out through fome other Streight, cither the Namelefs-
Sirdgb'.t or Cumberland*^ % which, if PafTages mult have their Northern Entrances
in that Part of the Coafl. The Account which both Janes and Davis himfelf
give, of tlieir Search of a PafTage thro' CumberlarJ-Streigbts, is a very blind one ;
as if t'-.ey had ftudied Obfcuriry, and to keep u? in the Dark. In faying there was
ro PaiBge through, muft be underftood only of Ships, fince he tells usWhales re-
treated tjcyond the Ifles ; and that to the Weftward of the Illes he found a ftrong
Tide f om the South- Weft, meeting the Flood from South-Eaft, by the Streights.
So thai Cumherland-Streights mufl communicate with fome other Streights, (that
of lyiU£'Bdar-Bay^ or Namekfs-Streight) if it does not immediately with Baffin's-
Bay.
Should any be inclined to think it fcarce pofllble, if there was really fo wide
2 Streight, as we fupnofe Baffin's to be, but that they muft have heard of it be-
fore ; cor.fidcring the Streights of Davis are every Year frequented by Ships of
ftvcirui Nacfons, on Accoi. .t of the Whale Fifhery : To folve this Objeftion, let
tbemoniy rtflccl, how little Regard commercial Navigators, as well as Fa<9:orj,
have to making Di'coveries ; that it docs not appear, any European Ship ever
tn-trtcCutnlerland-StteigbtSy nnce the Time of Azw ; and that our Knowledge
of Hud en's BaVy had advanced nothing from the Time of Captain Fox and JameSy
in 1631, to that of Captain AffJ^/i?/o;i'3 Expedition, in 1743. The chief Objec-
tion agai.'ift our Hypothecs fetms to be from the Time in Sailing : For Baffin by
his R-:-:ion was as long, wichin one Day, in pairing from Ladtude 71'. 16'.
to CumctrlaKd StreigbtSt as he was in making the Circuit of his Bay -{-, which is
double
• See Hacklujth Col!c£lion, Vol. III. p. to Latitude 71°. 16'. by July 14th; and the
120. 27th was in the Indraught of Cumber land-
t He entered an open Sea, in Latitude Streights.
75°. 40 . tte fiifl of ju^ -y went rouod the Bay,
I 9
l!
I)
't
( H )
double the Number of Leagues. But the DiHinilty will npppnr the lefs, If it be
confidercd, that trom Latitude 71'. 16. he had Ice to flnn^gle with, Much he
was free from before : Thar, the Kchuior. thcTc. forward, ccafuv', ro he particular, we
know not what might have detained him-, and that he was a whole Morith in fail-
ing between Hope Sander/bn, in 72'. 30. and the open Sea abovementioncd, fwhich
is only the Space of 3 Degree?, 10 Minutvs) from South to North, on Account
of Interruptions from the Ice and Weather.
Afcer this long Digrefnon, it is Time to proceed: I make Lumley's-Ifilcfy the
great Opening into Aliflake- Bay^ between Cape Elizabeth and IVarwick-h'or eland y
agreeable to the Situarion given to it by Daz'is \ who, in his Courfe Southwards
from Cumberland- Streii^bts^ found it between the Latitudes of 63 and 62 Degrees :
This is confirmed by what he fays in anorhe; Voyage, where he makes Cape JFnr-
tvick, which he puts in 62 Degrees, the Limit between two Gulphs or Inl-'s : For
as the South Gulph appears * to be that which was afterwards named hudfoifz-
Streigbts^ the Northern n-iuil be what he WAovq caWed Lumley^s-Inlct^ from its
Situation between the Latitudes beforementioned ; yet many of the Englijb^ as w.ll
as foreign Charts, give it a different Situation. Captain Mtddleion places it above
Mijiake-Bay-, in 64". 40. Latitude : Mr. UAnville rules it to 66°. 30 . and
Mr. Bellin mounts it to near 68 j as \i Ba.is could polTibly have erred Six whole
Degrees in his Ohfnvation.
On Occafion of the great Deviations, which have been inftanced, I mull
obferve, that although the LatiiuUes found in the Journals of Navigators, tl'pe-
cially the early ones, are not always very corretSt, yet they ought to be llridtly
followed, till more accurate can be procured ; unlef fome ve.y good Reafon ap-
pears for fetting them afide, which cannot be alledged in the Calls above
ipecified.
The Bounds to which thefe Remarks are confined, will not permit me to take
Notice of the Difagreemenr there is auiong die Charts, relating to the Situation of
Mijlake-Bay, Cape Elizabeth, and oth^r Places at the Entrance and within the
Streights of Hudjln \ I fhall only fay in general, that I have rectified them the befh
I couki from the Journals Antient and Modern : For our Knowledge of thefe
Streights, though fo often frequented by oar Ships, is ftill extremely im-
perfect i nor is it perhaps at all practicable to get an exadt Information of thofe
frozen Regions, of which Ice has taken luch intire PofTeflion, as to debar Accefs
to the Shore in many Parts, throughout the whole Year, except by Boats j which
may polTibly, according to Mr. Egede's Obfcrvation, pafs along the Coaft, by a
Channel left between it and the Ice.
The Situarion of Hudfon^s-Bay^ is fixed by the Obfervations made at Charlton-
Ijhnd, Grcat-Bcar-JJlnnd, and x.'[\e Prince of ^Fales's Fort, in ChurchiWs River.
This laft Place is laid down, according to Captain Middleton^s Obfervations, in
Latirude 58". ^6. and Lor.gitude 77'-. 15'. which is 4". 45'. more Weft than
Mefiicurs D'//«w7/^ and -fff//;;? put it ; and 1". 19. more South than Mr. Bellin
places it.
This Bay was but imperfedly known before the late Expeditions of Captains
Middletcn and Smiih, in 174^ and 1747, who examined the Well-fide pretty
thoroughly, from Neljon-River to Rcpulfe-Bay, und the Frczen-SlreightSy inqueft
of
* Tor Doiis at thib Time named the ScuthermoftPointof it Cape ChiJlcy.
( '5)
of a North- Weft Paflage, to which groundlefs Notion, cncout-aged by the falfe
Evidence of fome concerned in the Voyage, that good Effedl is owing. The reft
of the Coafts lie in about the fame Condition, in which they were left by Fox and
JamnSy as mentioned before ; yet, in general, the whole is txhibitcd much more
accuraiely in our Charts, than in thofe ot the French^ who have had very liule Share
in the Uilcovery, excepting towards the Bottom of Jameses-Bay.
The Part to ihe North ot Cix^tComfort is drawn from the Journal and Chart
of Fox, who undertook to difcover that great Opening, called the blamelefs'
Straight, but left it unfinifhed. He cenfurcs Captain lyeymoutb and others hardly
enough for giviag-over their Difcoveries, when perhaps they had good Reafon : Bun
none fc-ems to me more blameuble than himfelf, for not making at lead tome litde
further Attempt to fee if there was any other Coaft to the North of Lord /^^^y?o«*s
For^'hmd ; this being one of the fuppofed PalTages into Baffin' s-Bay.
The Obfervations abovementioned were of great Ufe in adjufting the Situation
of Hudfofi's-StreightSy and the Eaft Coafl- nf Labrador -. the Winding of wliofe
Capes and Bays in our Chart agrees nearly with Mr. D*Jnville\ Maps : But 1
have placed Cape Chidley, the nioft Northern Cape of this Coaflr, in 46 Degrees
of Longitude, which is i". 35. more Weft than Mr. D'Anville puts it, and
1 . 30. more than Mr. Bellin : In like Manner I place Cape Charles, the moft
Southern Point of the Labrador Coaft, at the Entrance of the Streights Bell-I/Ie,
i" 35'' 55- ot' Longitude agreeable io C-Apmn Middleton's Chart, which is 1°. q^\
more Weft than Mr. BelltN, and i^. 5'. more Eaft than Mr. UA.iville puts
it. So rhat in preferving a Medium between them, they differ almoft twice as much
from one another, as 1 do from either.
By this Longitude alTigned to Cape Charles, we make the Meridian Diftance
betwc'-n it and the Prince of PVales'^ Fort 41 \ 20'. whereas Mr. Bellin makes it
or.ly38-'. 20. and Mr. D'yf«w7/6' no more than 35^. 30. fo that the interme-
diate Country is contra6h;d 3 Degrees in Mr. Bellin's, and 5°. 50'. in Mr,
D'/f«i'///^'s Map more than in ours. ^ . ; :.-)
"The Fourth Sheet.
' I ^ HIS Sheer contains all the remaining Eaftern-Coaft of North-America^
J[ widi the a.ijacenc IQands, from Cape Charles to Cape Bifca'ino, the moft
Sou th-Eall Point of /^/5nJ;7 ; likewife, the Gulph of Mexico, with the
inandscallcti i\\i Weji- Indies : Not to mention the North Coaft of South America,
and other incidental Parts, which more prop'-riy belong to t!ie Sixth Sheet.
It has been already remarked, that we have only Tvo Obfervations that may
be depended on, for all the Eaftern Coaft oi' North-America, including the Britijb
Colonies, namely thofe made at BoJIon and Nezv-rork,v^hkh are of the lefs Service,
as thofe Places lie fo near each other. However, as the Situation of Cape Bif-
ca'ino, in Florida, juft now n'._.itioned is pretty well afcertained, by the Obfer-
vations made at the Havaima^ from which Place it lies not far off to the North •,
E what
$'
w
,(
H
i!
( i6 )
Wlut is moIV wanting, Is an Obfervation in Nova Seotia, or Newfoundland *,
to fix the North-Eaft Extremity of that Coafl: ; the Knowlcrlge of whofe* exaft
Longitude, is of vaft Importance to our Northern Navigation. To fupply this
Defeft, we are obliged to have the ufual Recourfe to the itinerary Meafures, and
the Eftimation of Navigators : According to which I have put Cip • Race in 34
Degrees of Longitude, that is, 50 Minutes more Weftward than it ftuiids in Mr.
5^//i«*s Chart i and 2'^. 25'. more Eaft thanin Mr. D*//«t77/A Map.
I have from the fame Authorities placed Cape Hatterajky the moft South- Eaft
Fomt oi North-Carolina^ which is the moft important Point to fix, in 58'. 29'.
of Longitude : That is, Two Degrees more Weft than New-Tork \ and this is the
moft I think that can be allowed. Mr. Bellin puts it Sixteen Minutes ; and Mr.
UAnville Fifty-one Minutes more Weft than I have done, which muft be con-
fidcrably too much, as will appear prefently.
With regard to the Detail of this Eaftern Coaft of Nortb-Amerua : In deli-
neating the Coaft of NfivfotmdlaMA^ and Cape Brftnn^ with the Gulph and River
of St. Laurence^ I have followed Mr. jyAnville rather than Mr. Bellbij who hath
made lefs ufe of our Sea-Charts.
Nova-Scotia is laid down from the Map of Mr. Popple., compared with the
Survey of Captain Durel in 1 749, and Charts of Mr. Bellin.
The Coaft of New-England is drawn from feveral Charts, particularly thofe of
Captain Southejk^ publiflied in 173 t ; and C^^Xzm Barnjley in 1751. In placing
Bofton in Longitude 52*^. ^y'. 15". in Confequence of the Obfervations of Mr.
Brattle t at New-Cambridge : I give it a more Wefterly Situation than Mr. Bellin
of about t2 Minutes, but more Eafterly than Mr. D Anville by 23 Minutes.
New-Tork, New-Jerfey^ Penfthania and Maryland^ are laid down from the
beft Charts i but chiefly from the accurate Survey of the Three firft Countries
made in 1 749, by Mr. Lewis Evans of Philadelphia. The City of New-York^
being placed according to the ObJervations of Mr. Burnet ^ in Longitude 57*. 2 2 .
30*. lies 22 Minutes more Weft than in Mr. JD'.^^wwV/^'s Map, and 37'. more
Weft than in Mr. Bellin*s Charts.
The Coafts of Virginia are exhibited from feveral Surveys •, and the Country
itfclf from a general Survey, improved with particular and accurate Surveys of
the Rivers Rapahanok and Potowmak.
With regard to North Carolina^ I have followed the Map of Surveyor-General
Mofeley., publiftied in 1733, compared with the Coaft- Survey of Captain ^/>»^/^,
in 1738, as far down as Cape Carteret, and Santee River.
The Coaft of South-Carolina and Georgia, as low as Fort yfugujline, is
drawn from both a Land and Coaft- Survey, made during the late War.
The Convcnicncy of employing fo many exad Materials, has given this Eaftern
Coaft a different Face from what it appears with in other Charts, with Refpe<5l as
well
• Mr. Bellitt. in his Preface to his Collcftion
of Memoirs before mentioned, informs us, that
there has been an Obiervation of animmerfion of
the S.itcllites of Jupiter, made the 1 aft Year [i 75 1
or 1750J by which it appears, that Lour/iurg,
in CafM: Br/ian, \u lituatc One Degree and fome
Minutes more Weft thiin he places it ; which is in
forty -one Degrees of Longitude ; Then thatPort
will lie In Forty-two Degrees fome Minutes
over, near Two Degrees more Weft than I have
put it. But as it does not appear from his Ac-
count, that this Obfervation is fufficientiy pre-
cife to determine the Longitude of Lbuifiurg ;
we muft wait the Refult of others, which lie
tells us arc making at that Place.
( >7)
well to theWindingsoF the Shores, as Situation and Diftances. We fliall not ftay to
Point out the Particulars which may be fecn in the Tables inferted in the Chart itfelf.
However we think it ncccflfary to account for one confiderable Alteration, which
we have made in the Parts between Cape Hatterajk and San Matteo^ on the Bor-
ders of Florida,, by giving to it a great Sweep inwards. This is agreeable not only
to the old Charts •, but alio, toour lateft Maps and Surveys, particularly thofeot
Caolina and Georgia ; which afllgn a large Extent of Coaft, from Ealt to Wed,
between the Limits before- mentioned : So that I judged I could not do lefs tiian
place San Matteo in 64°. 50'. Longitude, which makes the Meridian Diftancc
between thofc two Extremes 6". 20. whereas Mr. Bellin has placed San Mattcu
in only 6^°. 10'. Hence, although that Gentleman agrees nearly with mc
in the Pofition of Cape Hatterajk^ yet by putting San Matteo i*. 40'. more
Eaft than I have done, he makes the Meridian Difference no more than
4'*. 15'. which is i". ^5'. lefs than by my Chart : On the other Hand Mr.
jyAnvilU places San Mattto in 64". 00'. lb that puling it 50 Minute*
more Eaft, and Cape Hatterajk 51 more Weft, he nukes the Difference
4*^. 40'. that is, 15 Minutes more than Mr. Bellin has done, but i^. 40'.
lefs than I have made it \ which is a very confiderable Contrafiion, near one
Third, in fo fmall an Extent of Coaft.
Indeed Mr. De Vljle makes the Difference 6°. 28'. which is 8 Minutes more
than I make it. But if we agree in the Meafure, we differ in the Situation : For
he places San Matteo i*'. 5'. and Cape Hatterajk i*>. 2'. more Eaft than I hate
done. So liable arc the beft Geographers to vary, when Aftronomiral Obferva-
tions are wanting to determine their Judgment : It could be wifhed therefore that
Two good Obfervations were made in the Neighbourhood of the Places in
queftion.
It may perhaps be thought that in extending the Coaft of Carolina^ I have too
much contrafted the Ifthmus of F/onW«, between the North-Sea and the Gulph
of Mexico : But I am of Opinion that it is not much, if at all, broader in that
Part than I have made it in my Chart ; which befides correfponds very well with
the Itineraries.
A good Obfervation is wanted alfo to fix the Longitude of Bermudas^ or Sum-
mers*s-l/lesy which lie at a great Diftance oppofite to the Coaft of Carolina: For
that reported by S tree t^y/hich makes them no more than 64 Degrees Weft of Z.o;»i^»,
or 4.6^. 25'. Weft of Ferro, feems to place them above a Degree and a half too
much to the Eaft : The Latitude which he gives them of 32®. 25'. may be near .
the Truth, fince we meet with another, which makes them Two Minutes more-5
probably as being obferved in different Parts of the great Ifland.
The Situation and Extent of the Gulph ofMexicOy with the Coafts of New-Spain^
as far ;\sTierra-Firmay are regulated particularly by the Obfervations made ^tNew^
Orleans and LaVera Cruz : The Longitude of this laft Place was found by a Lunar
Kcliple, obferved by Mr. Harris in 1727, to be 79*. 50'. at which it ftands in ou»
Chart, and with this Mr. D'Anville agrees within a few Minutes : But Mr. Bellin
places it in So''. 13'. that is, 23 Minutes more Weft : Which is more agreeable to
an Obfervation made at St. John D^FIloa in 1 57 7, than Mr. Harris's^ whom yet he
pretends to ioMow : Nor can I conceive why for the Latitude he fhould think
hitnf elf obliged to follow the Pilot rather than the Mathematician -, unlefs it be that
he wrongly imagined Mr. Harris makes the Latitude Two Minutes lefs than
Carenza :
( 'R )
Cnrfnza : Whereas In Reality he makes it 19". 12/. which is Two Minutes more
ihan theothtr *.
I have made very few Aitt'rations, and thofe not worth takinp Notice of, in
the Coi(h of this Giilph, from the Map of Mr. ly /hi'villf \ however compiircd
with Mr. }ieHin\ Cluut thcicof, as well ..s with the Journal and the Chart
ol Dcvnpkr relating to the CoalV of Tahnfco ;ind Jnk'ilan^ as !> as Cape CatGihi\
where the Giilpli properly ends. I have lil<«.wilii li,!t tlie remaining Co.ifls ot
New-Spnbt, on the North fide, nearly as I found thorn in Mr. 2y/lnviUc\ Map,
excepti'ig the Gulph ol Honduras^ in which 1 have mailc fome conllderable Alte-
rations, both from him and Mr. Bcllin.
If as Mr. Bc'lin (ays, his Chart tlilic-rs much from Mr. Pcppk^s'^lAp, with re-
fpect to the Coilt of /y^-v^wr^j-f-, I will venture to fay, that mine differs nuicli
more from h-s ; whether we regard the Kxrent and Figure of the Coafts, the Si-
tuation and Diftance of Places, or the Iflands included in it. It will appear from
the comp.irativc Tabic, accoinnio,liitCv\ to iKb Part of our Chart, that I differ
from Mr. Brl/i>iy from 18 to 43 Minutes in the Longitude of Places : And what is
Hill moreexniordinary, from 20 Minutes to i*^. 5'. in the Latitude, as in the
Latitude of Cracias a Dies : This is a greater Error by 5'. than what Mr. Bcilin
pretends to have found in Mr. Poppled Map.
Mr. Belli'! charges that Gentleman with miftaking a whole Degree in the
Latitude of Cape Crtw^row, which he places in 16". 15'. whereas Mr. Belliri puts
it, as he fays, in 15°. 15'. and from thence wou'd have it thought that
Mr. Popple had erred fo egregioufly : But, however fiiulty tiiat Gentle-
man may be in other Refpefts (efpecially with regard to tfie Parts, which
do not belong to the Britijh Dominions) in all probability for once he is in
the Right, and Mr. Bellin in the Wrong: Since, (to ufe Mr. BeHin's way of Rea-
foningj I place Cape Carnerofi in 16 Degrees of Latitude ||, fothat he has erred
45 Minutes in its Situation, and Mr. Popple only 15'.
Mr. Popple has erred ftill lefs than Mr. Bel/in^ in the Situation of the other Two
remarkable Capes, Honduras and Gracias a Dios. I place the Fird in 16'. c^'.
Mr. Bellin in 15". 35' : Mr. Popple m 16". 12'. I put the Second in 15". 20 y
Mr. Bellin in 14°. 15'. § Mr. Popple in 14". 47'.
Mr. Belliny whofe Obfervations on his Chart of the Gulph of Mexico is a pro-
fefled Critic's on Mr Poppled Map, finds fault with him afterwards, for omit-
ting the little Rockey-Key^ or Ifle near Cape Catoche, called by the Spaniarch^ Capo-
des MujereSy or the Womens-ljle j and for inferting Three others, by the Courfe of
Magaray which are not exifting. Mr. Bellin might eafily have perceived that
Magara is only a Corruption of the Word Mujeres •, and Mr. Popple's Faulty
perhaps, is in making Three Iilands of One, and not in the Situation which he
has given to them. However vhat be, Mr, Bellin has omitted himfelf a more con-
fiderable
* Sec Mr. Bellini, ObfcrvMtiop.s ; fur le
Carte till Golplie du Mcxique, Sec. p. 4.
-}- Obfervations, (ffr. ubi fupra, p. 5.
Ij 'Tis true Uiing places Cape Cameron in
Latitude 150. 20'. only Five Minutes more
North than Mr. Dtlliti ; nor can we account
for the Difagreement between him and Penhal-
lorwy but by fuppofing he negleded to take the
Latitude of this Cape, and fome other Places,
whofc Situations differ confiderably from thofe
in PenhalloiK-'i Table.
^ Riccioli feems to have had more exa£l Me-
moirs ; fince in his Table of Cities, in his
Geogrnphia Reformata, he places Cape Honduras
in 16 Degrees, and Cape Can.^s a Dios in 15
Degrees of Lati'-ude.
!^
1
( '9 )
fiderable Ifle, called Lo^^er-IIcaid Kty^hy the Englijh^ about Five Miles Eaft: of Cape
Catoibc \ antl if Mr. IfJuville's with other Maps be right, Three Iflcs more near the
Coaft. But why do we dwell on the OmifTion of finglelflands ? If we look lower-
down in the Bay we fliall finii ih ;t Mx.Bcllin has omitted whole Scores of Iflands,
which lie in Clufters, with their Rocks and Sholes along the Coafl of '"Jukatayu
and flntth into it for the Space of Two Degrees. Mr. ly Anville. indeed puts
fcv> ral large Iflands before the Mouth of Afcetifwn-Bay : But they are neither fo
many, nor ranged as they ought to be ; as may appear from our Chart, though
piojedcd by too fmall a Scale to exhibit the Detail.
in fhorr, all the Eaft-fide of the Coafl: oijukalan is reprefented very difllrcntly
in our Chart from thofe of Meflleurs Bellin and B^Anrille^ whofc original Draughti
were nearly the fame, and not very diflcrent from that ufed by Mr. Popple. A-
mong the red they make the B.iy of Afcenfton to be inclofed on Three Sides with
the Coafl of Jukatan ; and reprefent the Lacuna Bacular to the North of it, as
having no Communication with rhp Se.i • Whereas the Eaft-fiile of that Bay is
tortnet), not by a Peninfula, but by a long Ifland, called Ambergris-Keys and
this Ifland extending about 20 Leagues Northward, covers the Mouth of the
Laguna Bacular^ which opens into a narrow Channel, lying between it and the Main.
Meflleurs Bellin and W Anville make the Bay of //«?«</«rrtJ terminate in a great
Sound called the Gulph of HigueroSy or Gunnacos^ running deep into the Land;
In confequence of which the Breadth of the Peninfula oijukatattt where it joini
Neiv-Sfain, is no more than i". 40. according to Mr. D' Anville \ and only 1°. 20'.
according to Mr. Bellin. Whereas we make it at leaft 2". 10. more agreeable
to Mr. De V Ifie\ laft: Map of America ; and as they have contradled the Iflhmus
of Jukntan, they have too much extended the Coaft of Honduras. Mr. Bellin
makes its Length from the Bottom of the Gulph, to Cape Gracias deDios^ 8^. 18*.
Mr. D'AnvillcH"^. 00. whereas, I make it only 7^. 22': On this Occafion it
may not be amifs to mention, that I place that Cape in 65 Degrees of Longitude,
which is 30 Minutes more Eafl: than Mr. U Anville ; and 18 more Weft than
Mr. Bellin.
Mr. Bellin to fupport his Chart in this Part, produces Two MS. Spanijh Charts,
which after much Search he found in his Office : And I oppole to them Two other
printed Charts, one publifhed in 1726, by Captain Uring, in the Hijiory of his
Forages ; the other about 1 743, by Captain Penballo-w. They for the general agree
very well, but I chiefly follow the Firft for the Figure of the Coafls, as L/r/'/zg- ex-
amined great Part of them by Land as well as Sea ; and the Second for the Lati-
tudes, a Table of which Captain Penhallow has inferted in his Chart. He does
not indeed fay they were obferved (which is a very great Negled) yet it may be
prefumed they were, flnce otherwife there could have been no Realbn forinferting
fhem, efpecially fome, which do not fall within the Compafs of his Chart. On this
Occafion I muft obferve, that confidering Obfervations of the I,ongitude or La-
tiude, are the very Foundation of Charts, it is aflonifliing how Navigators, who
make any, can negleCl to infert them (with an Account oi their Accuracy) in
fome void Space of thofc whieh they publifh ; and it is ilill more furprlzing that
they fliould not fo much as mention that eflTential Circumftance, upon the Autho-
rity of which the whole chiefiy depends. This I take tobetheCaleof Captaini7n«^,
F who
i
• 1
( 20 )
•who I prefumc did ohf.rve fcrre Lititdde •, but by not intimating fo much, has
loft the Merit of his Labour, and ir.ui}: yield iVcadence to Penhallo-ix}\ who yet
perhaps in reality docs not dJcrve it lb well as himlelf.
But to proceed. Pauing over th? Co;ill: oiTlerra Firma^ which, as it belongs
to South- America, v.il! beccrifidered in the Second Part ol thefe Remarks; the
next Obj.ct which deminiis our Attention, are the lilands in the North-Sea^
commonly calk-d the H'eft Indies. Cuba, the largeft of tlie Four great Ifiands has
Three Obfervat ons of the Longitude, made at the Havanna, Spirilu SarMc, and
the Puerto del Principe^ by Don Murco Antonio de Gomboat in 1729, to allzeitain
its Situation -, befides ieveral of the Latitudes taken at tht principal Capes by able
Navigators. The Coails iland nearly as found in Mr, D'Anville's Map. As Iw
the Luccayes or Babam.7-I;lj>:ds, which lie to the North of Cuba^ and w ith the
Coaii otFIoriday fonnihe S:rt\ghti of Bahama, they are laid-down from Mr.
Popple's Map, compared wirh Mr. D'AnvilL' Map, and Beliin's Chart, who both
ibr the general ffem to have copied from him : But we have no accurate Obllr-
vations to fix their Situation.
"Jamaica is a-ijufled by theObfervations of the Lunar Fxlipfe made ■axPort-R'yaJ^
by Captain Chandler, in 1722, although there wants a more exaft one of a
Sattelite ; and the C<.-alisare laid down from the Englifj Maps of that Idand, which
give it a Parallel Situation from Eaft to Weft: Whereas Mr. Beliin, m his Chart
of the Gulph of Mexico^ m^kes it lie from North- Wefl:, to South-Eaif, by placing
Cape iV^^r/7/o, the moft Wefttrn Point, in Latitude iS*^. 30. inftead of iS*^, 5.
The Situation of San Domingo, or Hifpaniola, is determined by the Allrono-
nomical Obfervations, made bo^h of the Latitude and Longitude, at Petit Goave^
Cape Francis, and Fort St. Lenis : Befides chofeof the Latitude fingly, -MLcogane,
Port' Pint a,Port cf Peace \ alfo at the C.ipes Cahrun, Samana, and Raphael thelfics
of Saona, Altavela and Navaza, In dehniating the Coalls, we have foilov.-cd Mr.
jyAnville, compared with Mr. 5(?///Vs Chart of 5'rt;zDow2>ig'f:', publiflied in 1750,
which differs from that of the Gulph of Mexico, made the Year before in a great
many Particulars. We have done tae like with regard to the Illand of Porto-Rico *,
with refpe(5t to which we have no Aftronomical Obfervation, either of the Lon-
gitude or Latitude.
For the Iflands to the North of St. Domingo, with the Pafifages through them,
we have had recourfe to Captain Chan. tier's Chart of the Windward- Paflage, which
contains the other two •, compared with Mr. Bellin's Chart of Si. Domingo, in
which he fays he made ufe of Two Charts, one drawn by Mr. Frazier the Engi-
neers who was fent in 1724, as Captain Chandler had been Two Years before,
to make a Cnart of thofe PafTages ; the other by the Captain of a King's Ship,
in the Year 1736.
We have an accurate Survey of the Virgin- IJlands, by Mr. Atkinfon of SpaniJJj-
Town, and others, pubhfhed in 1739. We have likewife Two Obfervations for
thofe Iflands, One of the Longitude for Virgin Gorda or Spaniflj-Toijun -, the other
of the Latitude for the Ifland of St. Thomas. That of the Longitude is deduced
from a Lunar Lclipfc, obfcrvcu there »he i6th of March 171 7, by Captain
Chandler : The Latitude was taken by Pere Feuillee, in 1705 ; and by comparing
it with the Chart, as Mi,Bellin remarks, it is found to be placed right i yet through
3 »
4
( 21 )
a common Negleft, it does not appear from the Chart itfelf, whether the Author
had obferved the Latitude either of thit, or any other of the Firgin I/lands.
Navi<^^ators and others in making their Charts and Maps, think it enough to
I'ettle the Latitudes by the Scale, without giving them in Number^ or fo much
as mentioning, which, if any, v/ere obferved ; not confidering thai fuch Charts
are oi' no Authority at all.
The Carrlbhee or Wbidivard-IJlands^ which beginning to the Eafl; of the Virgin-
JJlands^ range them felvcs in a Curve Southward, as far as South-ylmerica^ are al-
molt all laid down from pretty exa6t Maps or Draughts, made by the Englifi
or French, to whom they moftly belong ; particularly thofe of St. ChriJloj'ber*s,
Antigoa, Martinko and Barhadoes. But for determining their Situation, we have
only the Obfervations made at Martinico and Guarda-Lupa^ for the Longitude
and Latitude ; with thofe of St. Chrijlcpher's, Bridge-'Town in Barbadoes^ and the
French Fort at Granada^ for the Lati:ude only. Many Obfervations of Lunar
Eclipfes have been made in BarbadocSy to determine the Longitude of that Place,
which would be of fomelmportance to Navigation •, but none of them can be relied
upon. If a good Obfervation for the Longitude could be procured, at Granada^
as Mr. Bcllln recommends, it would help much to fettle the Situation of the Eall
Point of the Coafh of T'ierraFinna, as well as that of the Leeward- IJlands^ which
lie along it, as far Weft ward as the Gulph of Venezida.
To Hnifli this fhcet, it remains only to account for the Coaft on the Weft fide
of New-Spain, in tiie South-Sea, from the Ifthmus o( Darien in Tierra Firma, to
the Gulph of California. This we have let ftand nearly as it is laid down in Mr.
UAnville^ Map, b-caufe he feems to have made ufe of the beft Memoirs, many
of them Efi^IiJJj : And befides there is fuch a Difagreement among the Charts, as
well as Obl!.r ations of the La-itude by Mariners, that our Choice is perplexed ;
and \hiSpan;/Jj Charts p'bUni.d by Cook ar-d P.ogcrs are not to be depended on
more than others. Mr. Bellin is fo much at a lots on this Occafion, that in his
Charro^ the Gulph of Mifx/co he informs us, ^bat he has left the Coaft in Quejlion,
OS it is exhibited in the Cowman Charts ; and that he will defcribe it with more Care
find Minutenefs^ irben he a,mcs to make his Charts of the South-Sea. In the mean
Time, Mr. Bellin might !)ave given fomething better: For this Part feems to have
been negligently Sk- tched by him. f cm the old Z)«/r/j Chart, which he faysMr.
Popple copied ; or elfe from Mo//'s Map of the Weft- Indies. Among other Errors,
the Guiph of Salinas, or Nicoya, is repiefented in his, as in theirs, to be u Great
Semi-Circular Bay, above a Degree and a half wide : Whereas it is of a quite^dif-
ferent Shape, and not a Third of that Breadth, as may appear from Funnel; who
in his Account of D-^w/i/fr's Voyage round the World, defcribes, and has given a
Draught of it, which vt- have copied in our Chart.
As the reft of the Wcftern Coafl. of North America^ is contained in the firft
and third Siiccts, we mult pafs to them, and in Confequencc of our Method,
begin with
ne
"»" I
( 22 )
«
■i
>l:
The Third Sheet.
^|:
THIS Sheet contains part of New-Spain or Mexico^ along the Verm'iUan Sra ;
California and Ne-w Albion^ with the iini<nnwn Continent to rh- Nortii, as
far as 60 Degrees of Latitude : It likewife takes-in the Coaft of
Kamchatka^ which is the Part of 4/?<a, oppofite to yf;wmf« ori rhatSide, wirhthe
Pacific-Ocean and Iflands therein \ extending 95 Degrees from Eaft toWeft, and
60 from South to North. With refped to this Weft-fide of America^ from Cape
Corientes to Latitude 39^. 30'. we have little more to fay than what is infertcd
in the Chart itfelfi namely, that the Ccaft with the adjacent Iflands are laid down
chiefly from the Spani/h Chart, made ufe of on hoard the Manilla Ship, named
Cahaclongea^ taken by Commodore, now Lord AnfoHj in 1 743. As there is an
almoft irrecorrcileablc Diflcrence between ihai Chdit and others, as well as the
Journals of former Navigators, with regard both to the Names and Latitudes of
many Places within that Space, I would not venture to mix the difcording Ac-
counts ; for fear of making Two Places of One, or confounding Two different
Places together : But, to fupply the Deficiency, I have added Tables of Latitude
from the early Navigators (for we have none Modern of any Note) who have been
upon thcfe Coafts. I fiiall only farther obferve, that in Confequence of following the
faid Charts, joined to other Eftimations, I make the Meridian Difference between
Cape St. Lucas the moft Soiuh-Eafc Point of California and Cape Mendozinoy
to the North- Weft, in 42 Degrees of Latitudt^, to be 1 8 Degrees : Which are Four
Degrees more than Mr. Bellin reckons ; and a Medium between his Charts and
thofe of the Englifh and Dutch, who make it Four Degrees more.
California was found to be a Peninfula by Francifco de Vloa, in 1539 "» and by
Hernando Alarchon, in 1540. Accordingly it was reprefented as fuch by Mercator,
and others in their Charts : But on the Authority of a Spanijh Chart, taken on
board a Ship by the Dutch, in 1620, Geographers converted it into an Ifland ;
and fo it was deemed to be till the Difcovery of Kino the Jefuit, in 17 2, and
even for fome Time after : As may be feen, ncv only by the Maps of Mod, Senex,
and fuch like ; but alfo thofe of Mi'. De V IJle, publiflied before the Year 1 720.
In 1578 Sir Frrt«m Z)r^yt(? put ii.to a Port, in Latitude 38'. where he con-
tinued for fome Weeks, and had a Surrender made him of the adjacent Country,
from the Indian King thereof, in behalf of the Crown of England. Thcfe Two
Particulars were marked formerly in all foreign Charts, as well as Engliflj, not
excep'ing thofe of Sanfon : But within this Century the French Geographers have
fuppreffed thofe Particulars, for they wholly omit New- Albion, and convert Port
Sir Francis Drake, into Tort San Francifco ; difhonouring the Name of the Knight,
by changing it into one of their fpurious Saints. It is thus named in tne latter
Maps of America, by Mr. De L Ifle. Mr. Bellin in like Marner omi;s the Name
of Ne-W' Albion ; but gives none at all to the Port in Queftion : i owever his Co-
pift Brouckner, calls it Carinda, and others the Port of Pines. What Part Mr.
U Awcille would have acled in thefe Two Rcfpect?, had he given us California
intire in his Map of America, we know not : For he omits tlie Weftern Coall of
that
■ U, ..
(^3 )
that Petilnfula, 'The Sj^amarJs call this Port Pui^fio del Key , or the Kwg*s-Pcrt ;
Buc the Mavilla Chart lias only named the Cape at the Mouth, calling ic Punta
ild Rcy. However we have made no Scruple to give it the Name of Sir Frmuis
Vr.ikc, not only becaufe it is the neareft Fort in that Chart, to the Latitude afligncd
by Sir Francis -y but alfo, bc^caufe it is obfcrved in one of the Relations ol Im
Voyage, that there were Jbme Iflands at the Mouth of his Port ; and tliis Port is
the only one on the North Coaft, which has lllands before ic accordiuij; to die
Manilla Chart.
Sir Francis Drake difcovered beyond the Forty-Third Degree of Latitude ;
where we have marked the Bounds o^ New-Albio}i -, and 'tis probable, as afierted
in the Relation, that no Spaniard had been \'o far North on the Coaft before him :
tor tho' Calrillo is faid to ha\'e proccedctl as far as 44 Degrees -, yet this Circum-
ftance was probably invented only to diltance our iu^^A/j Navigator : Since the
Latitude of Cape /-''5r////;f in 4 I Degrees is the highelt which has been given by
him. Befides he never landed any where beyond the Latitude oi'xy ; and that
only in Twoldands off the Coaft, called by him St. Luke.
The Difcovery of Cape Mendozi?io, to the North of Cape Fortune, is Indeed
afcribed to the fame Cabrillo, but without any apparent Foundation, by John ds
Lad, who places ic in Latitude 43 \ 00'. Riccioii puts it in 42". ^o'. hut Sebajian
Bifcaino, who (ailed as far as Cape Z/Aiwo, in no more than 41". 21'. fo that its
Situation feems to be as uncertain as its Difcoverer.
There are no Difcoveries higher Northwards along this Coaft, '^^.ceptlng that of
large Opening or Inlets afcribed to Martyn UJgidlar, above Cape Blanco, in about
Latitude 44^ 30'. 'Tis true I have marked Two other Openings, one in Lati-
tude 47". 30. through which 7^/^« de Fuca, a Greek Pilot, pretended to have
failed, in the Year 1592, into the North-Sea, in Twenty-fix Days: The other
in Latitude p^i". 00'. into which it is Hiid ihtSpaniJI) Admiral De Fonte entered,
in 1 640, and failed by Lakes and River?, till he found a Ship irom Boflon in Neiu-
England \ while one of his Captains, named Bernardo, pafs'd from one of the Lakes
into the North-Sea, in 61 Degrees of Latitude ; and, coafting as high as 79, fent
one of his Sailors aftiore, who was conduced by theNadves to the Head of 5rtJ/?«'j-
Bay, which ended it fccms in a Frefti-Water Lake.
Both thcfe Accounts are fuch palpable Forgerits, that they carry their own Re-
futation along with them : And yet they who have written lately ".gainft, as well
as for, a North-Weft PalTage, take them to be genuine. I fliall only obfcrve,
with regard to the Account of D^ Pontes'^ "^'oyage, that it is highly improbable,
there fliou'd be Inhabitants in jg Degrees of Latitude ; fince Baffin met with none
higher than about 74. 'Tis ftill more improbable that the Sailor fliould have
travelled from thence to the Head of 5.7^;/s-/%. Since, confidering the vaft
Breadth of the Bay in tiuat Latitude, to which perhaps the Head of'j't extends,
it miift have been a Journey of 4 or 500 Miles, over Mountains of Ice, to have
reached it •, though probably the Ifthmus may be narrow dircdiy North of its
Head. I will not mention the flirther Improbability, t!iat the Bay fliould end in
a Frefli-Water Lake-, and that the North-Shore th( re !hf uld be inaccefiible fcr
the Ite, although he nut with none in the Ocean, n j'tiicr ofFnor on the Coaft^ Bc-
fidcs BaJJin found no Ice, except in one Place, ak-i g all the Northern Shores of
the Bay.
G The
j^ t. lC A«. ^*»in
ic 7f.
f 24)
The mofl: furprlfing Thing of all is, thnt the Advocates for a North- Weft
Pallrige by ////r/9«'j-5rtv fhould introduce this fpurioiis Narrative, invented pro-
bably to divert the £;/^///') from making an Enquiry in favour of their Hypothefisj
fincc 7)^ /(?;//(?'s Voyage is of no manner of Ufe to them ; and that of Bemardoy
fuppofing it Fadl, abiblutely dcftroys the Poflibility of a Pafl'age, by aiTerting a
Continuation of Coaft on the Weft-fide of /^?;/fnV^, from 5? to 79 Degrees of
Latitude •, as without doubt there muft be, and for fome Degrees more North.
However, this Objedlion feems to have occurred at lafl: to the Author of the
Map, of the Countries about Hudfon\^'Bay^ who finding /)(fr/;i3/7/(?'s Relation noc
to favour his Purpofe, rejcdls its Authority, and introduces the Ocean in place
v\ the Continc-nt *.
The Iflands within this Sheet are almofl: all laid down from the Manilln Chart*,
and are in much greater Number than what one meets with in other Charts. Mn
Bellin and his Copift Brouckner mention only a few, which we fuppofe to be Ibme
of them, however differing both in Name and Sitration. Thus I take their Bar-^
bus to be the Barbadoes of the Manilla Chart ; aitho' placed by them fix Degrees
more Weft, and one Degree more South. Ilikewife fuppofe the 6'^tf/^jy-^f, to the
North- Weft of Barbadoes, to be the Birds-IJle of Mr. Bellin ; and Lagurfanes to
be tlie Nadudcroi of De UJJle, and the Nageures. of Mr. Bellin^ placed by them
1°. ^o. more South.
Indeed the Relations of Voyages thro' this Part of the Ocean are fo few, and
their Journals fo imperfeft as well as inaccurate, that they are of but little Ufe for
reftifying the Charts. They frequently omit the Latitudes of Places •, and fcldoni
mark the Longitudes or Diftances. The Relations of the firft Navigators, fuch
as Magallan^ Gaetan^ Mendanna, and indeed all in general through thefe SeaSg
are fo confufed as well as defedlive, that there is no plotting down the Courfe with
any Certainty.
TAe First Sheet.
THE Firft Sheet of Norlb-Jmerica,. with \^ich we end, contains
the remaining Part of the Weftern Coaft,. as far ns ic is known
Northward j with a Continuation of the North-Eaft Coaft of JjJa
toppofite thereto.
The American Coaft is exhibited without any Alteration from the Charts
oFMeflleurs Bdlin and Broucknert as far North as y^ Degrees; containing the
Difcoverics made by Captain Behring^, by order of the RuJJlan Court, in
1743. But nothing yet has appeared to warrant the Situation given to it, either
in the Whole or in Part. I have continued the
Coaft.
as to Latitude or Longitude
* The Author of Captiiln Smith's Voyage
in 1747, ibr the Difcovery of a North-Weft Paf-
fage, has alio given a very wrong Map of De
Fontis Voyage. lie carries the Coaft no farther
than the Latitude ol CODt^jjiecs, in wljithParallei
he introduces thcTi7rtartiin-0cean,nnd there fup-
pofes that De Fotite met with the Bojlon Ship. A
very wild Coniedurc, and Contradi^ory to-
both Dt fot/tt'i and Btniai-do''% Account.
( 25 )
Coafl: Northward, by a pricked Line, in the Dircdllon, which I judge It may
trend, in order to inclofe Baffin'' s-Bay^ as exhibited in the Second Sheer.
The Coaft o^Jfia is laid down as it was furveyed by the fame Captain Belr'mg
in 173S, and is exhibited mt\\c Ruffian Atlas of that great Empire, publifhed
ntPiUerJlurg in 1745. This is all I need fay with regard to a Part which come- in
by Accident, and does not properly fall within my prefent Defign.
The moft remarkable Objed within this Sheet is the Stre'ightox Paffage^ between
Afui and America^ which feparates thofe two Continents (generally believed till
of late, to have been contiguous) and joins the Northern Ocean to the Pacific St*a.
This is the famous Streight fo long looked for by the Geographers of Europe^
(tho' known for Ages perhaps to thofc of Japan *) under the fantaftic Name of
Anian ; and as it owes its Difcovery to the above-mentioned Captain Bt'brwg^ I
have made no Scruple to denominate it from him.
Suppofing the Situation of the American Coaft to be near the Truth ', for that of
Afia is tolerably well afcertained (in Confequence of the Longitude of Kamckatka,.
determined by the lame Gentleman) the Didance between the Two Continents in
this Part will not exceed 200 Leaguesf. This great Opening from the South into
the North-Sea is nearly oppofite to that on the fide of Europe ^ between Green-
land and Norway : Through both which a Paflage may be fought, either along the
Coafts of Afia or America -, or elfe, which feems moft eafy and fecure, by failing
through the Middle, diredlly acrofs the Pole. A Courfe fo commodioufly offer-
ing itfelf to the View of Navigators, that it is furprizing to find it was never yet
attempted.
The Inland- Parts of N^orth- America.
WE have now finifhed our Remarks on the Chart, fo far as relates to
North-America : But before we quit this Part of the Continent, it will
be proper to take a flight View of the inland Countries, of which we have
given a Sketch •, particularly with regard to the Extent and Bounds of the French
and Britijh Dominions.
I have placed Ofwega, on the Lake Ontario, where the Engli/h have a Fort and
Mart for the Indian Traders, in 1-ongitude 58°. 41'. according to its Diftance
from New - Tor k,. by ^ Evans's Map or Survey of Penfihaniay before-mentioned,.
This gives 2". 12'. in Longitude between Ofwega and New-Tork\ which enlarges
the intermediate Country i". 12'. more than Mr. Z)'.rif«w7/<? and i". 27. more
than Mr. Bellin have allowed to ic.
In
* See K(mpfci\ Hift. Japan Cap, 4.
•f- According to later Informations, the Bif-
iance is Twenty four Leagues fcarce from the
ir.oft Eaft Part of Siberia, to the ncarcfl Lard
oppofite ; Eut whether it \i^/lminu>,ox an IflanJ,
is yet uncertain,
•
I.-?
-i; i
( 46 )
In confequence of the Pofition of Ofwega^ we have fixed that of tlie Lake of
Ontarioy placing it fo much more Weftward than MefTieur^ BeUi7i and D'Jnvillc
have done ; and Ukewife given to ^debek^ the Capital of French Ccwada^ the
Longitude of 53''. 40'. conformable to Mr. D'/^wvi/Z^^'s Map, rather than that
of 52". 13'. refulting from the Obfervation of a Lunar Eciipfc, made at that
Place by the Jt^Cint Brefafiii in 1649.
By the Pofition given to the Lake Ontario^ we have regulated in fome Me.i-
fure, that of the other Four great Lakes •, £r/V, the HuronSy Michioran^ and the
Upper-Lake : In placing which I have more nearly followed Mr. U Anvtlle than'
Mr. Bdlin^ who feems to have fet them too far to the Wed:, as well as North,
in order perhaps to favour his Communication with tl>e Pacific-Ocean. I have
kept a Medium likewife in placing the Lake of ^Ff^'J or i/?^i i and removed that
Communication lower, by the Tnlet of D*Jguiiar, to avoid making an Opening
without NecelTity, and in a Place where there is no Evidence of any. What is
inferred of Rivers, Lakes and Nations, to the North and Weft of the Five Lakes,
is in a great Mcafure Uuefs-Work ; being laid-down from the Report of iKdiatis ;
And as that oVJofeph le France feemed tome as, credible as any other, I have
therefore made-uJe of it among the reft.
TheBriii/h Dominions are exhibited from the Materials employed in delineat-
ing the Coafts, joined to- fome others, which relate to the Inland Parts. With
regard to the Courfe of Miffiffippi^ and Rivers falling into it, Louifiana and the
Countries to the Weft and South- Weft, we have laid them down partly from
Mr. TyAnville., and partly from Mr. Bellin : But our Readers are not to expedt
the utmof. Exadtnefs, in what we intend only for a general View.
However, imperfed as this Sketch of the European Acquifitions and Settle-
ments may be, I have taken Care to avoid that Pardaiity, with which fome of
ourNeighbours feem not unjuftly to ftand-accufed. I have been fo far from cur-
tailing, or incroaching on the juft Bounds of French Canada, that I make the
Meridional pittance between ^tebek and the Streights oi Bell-IJle 1 7". 30'. which
are 50 Minutes more than Mr. D*Anville gives it. On the other Hand I have
drawn the Line, which parts the French from Englijlj Canaday by beginning it at
Davii's-Inlei, -on the Eaft Coaft of Labrador or New-BritaUiy (in the Latitude of
about C)6 Degrees) and urawing it with a Curve through the Lake ^<^r//^/j, down
to the 49th Degree of Latitude •, from thence to be continued to the North- Weft:
Ocean, as it was fettled by Commiflioners after the Peace of Utrecht : Whereas
Mr. jy Anville running the Partition-Line, along the Parallel Fifty, and to the
So\Ath 01 Hud/on' s-Bay, makes it turn-oft' with a fweep Northward-, and con-
tinues it in that Direction, at the Diftance of about 20 Leagues only, from the
Kaftern-Coaft of this Bay, to the Latitude of 54 Degrees, where he terminates it,
as if at a lofs whither to carry it farther.
T havelikevvifc redified the Limits of Nezv-Scotland or Acadia,yNh\ch according
to the above-mentioned Treaty, are the River 6"/. Lawrence on the l^onh, Penohfco:
River on the Weft, and the Gulph of St. Lawrence on the Eaft : Whereas Mr.
J^AnvHlc marks the Boands, by a Line drawn through the Continent, from the
Lake Ontario to the Gulph of Si, Lawrence, a little to the North of Baj-Ferte, or
Green'
'Mi
a
V4
; 27 )
Crcn B.ty in Aciidia^ by vvhicli Mifreprefcntatlon he cnmsfcrs above one half of
ths Province to his own Nation.
Mr, UAnrjille has by another partial Miftake included within the Bounds of
Gall:: Canada to the South and Eaft of theLakeO«/^no, the Country poflefledby
the Five Indian Nation^ called by the French Jroquoh ; Whereas they are
knowr. by all the World to be Allies, and under the Protcdion of the Crown of
Greal-Britain, by a(5lual Treaties of a long {landing : So that in right of them the
Enghjhravt a Claim, not only to all the Lands South of the River St. Lawrence,
(irxluding the Frey.ch Settlements about the ChamplaWy and other Lukes) which
were the original Property of thofe /Ww«i and their Dependants ; but alfo all the
Lards in and about the Five Great Lakes, which the faid Five Nations havefub-
djH or made tributary.
Mr. UAn-Me feems to be no lefs unacquainted with the Bounds of our othet
Sertltn-.ents; Since he has encroached upon them unrcafonably, by a Line drawn
r.r fonr:e Diflance Southward of the Ohohie, or Fair Rivet- y from the Country of
the Fhe Indhm Nations, to the Borders ot Georgia. We have therefore reftored
the Er.gl-.fi Settlements to Part of their juft Pretenfions, by extending their
B.:.undi, as far only as the River ^F^^.?/^, or St. Jerom, to the North, and the
River Miy^Jfipi to the South, taking-in the Countries of the Creek- Indians, and the
Ckkafas. Although by the Grants of our Kings we might perhaps have carried
them througli Lomfiana, Weftward to the South-Sea : Without being guilty of
encroaching on the juft Rights of the French, as the French have been of
encroaching on ours.
In the Year 1728 the Bounds between Virginia and Carolina were agreed to
be fettled by a Line, beginning at Kuratuk-Inlet, and extending Weftward from
thence, between the 36th and 37th Degree of Latitude, with a Defign to continue
1: to the River Mijfiffipi ; which Refolution we hear was put in Execution laft Year,
by a Journey made for that Purpofe : And it is hoped the Inhabitants of thofe
Countries will preferve their Limits in the full Extent againft all Invaders.
A great deal more might be added on this Head i but we muft defer it till
we come to give the Public particular Maps of the Britijh Plantations, which we
have had :n View for fome Time paft.
)K
H
PART
Hii.
i
( 28 )
mB^SB
^mm
I
P A R T II.
SOUTH-AMERICA.
"The Sixth Sheet.
■vm
ALL which relates to the SoutlierrXontinent ol America \ with the Oceans
on each Side to the South of the Line, and the IQands difperfed through
them, is comprifed in the Compafs of Two Slieets, marked 5 and 6.
This laft contains the whole Peninfula i the Situation of whofe Coafts has been
pretty accurately determined by the Obfervations of Aftronomers, excepting the
South Point, called C^/»(f-/i/(?r«, and Part of the South-Eaft or South- Weft fide; as
Vill be made appear in theCourfe of our Remarks: Which we fliall divide as they:
relate to the Northern, Eaftern, or WefternCoafts ; and thelflands adjacent to each,
I. North Coast.
THIS Part, including the Coaft of Tierra Finna, and Guiana, with P.irt:
of Braftly is regulated, in our Chart, by the Obfervations both of the 1 .a-
titude and Longitude, made at Puerto-Bello, Cartagena^ Santa Martha^
and Puerto-Caheilloy or Golfo tr'ijle^ in 'Tierra-Firmay at Cayenne^ in Guiana^ anci
Para^ near the Ealtern Mouth of the River Marannon, or the Jmazofis, in Bra/il.
Kefides thofe of the Latitude only, taken at Paramaribo^ in Surinam \ Cape
Orange and Cape Norlb, in Guiana j as fet down in the Tables inferted in tht;
Chart itfelf.
The Longitudes are the more to be relied on, as they refult from Obfervations
of the Eclipfcs of Jupiier*s Satellites : But it could be wiflied they had been more
equally diftributed along the Coafts. For Puerlo-Belio, Cartagena, Santa Afar-
tba, and Puerto-Cabeiilo, lying within the Space of 12". 18'. we have no other
Oblbvations for the reft of the Coaft Eaft waj d, 'till we come to Cayenne in Guiana :,
which is 14^. ?.2'. diftant.
However,
i
I
3
i
( 29 )
However, thefe Obfervations are of" great Ufe to fix the Situation of this N'ortli
Coall in general; with re fpcft to which our beft Charts have cgregioufly erred.
For Inftance, Puerto-Bello and Cartagena are placed by the Oblcrvations from
3 to 7 Degrees, and Santa Martha from 6 ro 9 more Wcfcward thnn they are
exhibited in thofe Charts ; which hkewife <.^ive the Latitudes above 20 Minutes in
excefs. The Mups of Senex, Moll, and Poifle, do the fame ; By which Means
the Coaft o^ Turra-firma is ar^'an^ed io mr.ny Minutes too Northerly •, ar.J Cap.?
Tres Puntas, near its Eaft-Eiv,i, 9 Difr-ecb in fome, and 7 in otiicrs, more Eailei-jy
than it ought to be. So thai > lt!iou;.^h thofe Charts may be exael enough as to the
Diftance between Puerto-Bello and Cape TrcsPuntnSy yet by letting them fo much
out of their true Longitudes, diey create an Error, very dangerous to Navigators -,
whofe Safety intirely depends on the Coaft to which they are bound, being laid
down in the Charts they make-ufe of, neither at a greater nor a lefs Diliance tlian
it ought to be.
Bclldes the Obfervations above-mpnrinned made by Aflronomer?, Mr. Bellb:
marks the Latitudes of Cape De Fela,C\\pe CoQuibacoa, and la Guaira, on the Coafl: of
Tierra- Firma -, with thofe of the Ides Bnon Ayrc, and Aves : Which help to adjufl: the
Situadon of the Leezvardljlands, ranged along tiiis Coall, whereto thofe Two Ifles
belong. Mr. Bellin fays, thofe Latitudes, though taken at Sea, wereobferved with
great Care : But he mentions only that of theTwo Capes ; to both which he givea
the flime Situation of 12". 13' *.
In laying down the Courfe and Windings of the Shores from Piterto-BcUo, to
Cape Roquey the mod North-Eafl: Point of Brafil, I have followed Mr. lyAnv'illi
more than Mr. Bellin : Who, mifled by Fritz the Jefuit, has erred exceedingly in
exhibidng the Mouth of the River Amazons ; which I have reprefented, with the
River itfelf, from Mr. Condemlnesh Map of it.
II. East Coast.
]^ O R the Eaftern Coafl: of America, we have five Agronomical Obfervations
T of the Longitude as well as Latitude : Namely, thofe made at Oiinda or
Pernamhuk in Brafd; the Ifland of 5/. Catherine, on the fime Coafl;
Bimies Ayrcs, in the Mouth of Rio de la Plata 5 with C^^pe Blanco and Port Befire
on the Patagcn Coaft : To which we may add that afcribed to t!ie Rio Gallcgo, on
the fame Coaft, a little to the North of Cape Virgins.
The Longitudes above-mentioned, although refulting only from Lunar Eclipfe?,
might ferve tolerably well to determine the Situation of the whole Eaftcrn Side
of this Southern Peninfula, as far down South as the AlngaUanic Streigbts, near
which the Rio Gallcgo is fituate, were they all to be depended on : But that afcribed
to the laft mentioned River, as well as thole made at Port Dcjire and Buena
Ayres, are known to be very erroneous -, and it is to be feared, that the Longi-
tude of Oiinda, has not been obferved with due Accuracy, fince we find a Dif-
ference of more than a whole Degree among the Alhoaomers in computing it.
Mr.
* See Cbf. fur, la Carte du G/;//'? Ju .'A.v/f-v, p ?.
( 30 )
Mr. Dj Vlf.c^ in !iis Gt'ographical Dclcyimnation of the Situ.Jtion a>ul Extent of tht
fdveral Paris cf the Earthy makes ic T,(y\ 20 . Wtlt of Paris v De la Hue 37
Degrees, iht Conuotfance dc T'cvips 37. 30'. Which of thcfe, or whether any ot
thi-m is right, Time niufl: difcovcr ; for the Obfervations of Marp-nfy ui 1638
and 1C42, Irom whence thole Refults are drawn, have not been verified by any
fjilCC.
In ihe mean Time I have placed Oluuli according to the lift Supputation of the
Academy in '^y^. 30'. as Mr. BcHiu has alfo done ; but Mr. D'Ariville puts it one
Degree more Eaflerly. IJy this Longitude I have adjufted the Pofition of tiic
"Eallern Coad of B,\!jil. In Confequeiice thereof it is placed from Three to Six
Degrees more Weft, tl).:n found to be in the EngD^i and Dutch Cliarts, which w'e
have confiilted in conjundion with thole of MclFieurs Bellin and D\'lnvil!e^ in ex-
hibiting tlie Coad from Tierra-Firma^as !ar South as Cape /vv'o. In this P.irc we have
been alliftcd alfo with the Latitudes of that Cape, of Cape 5/. Augujlw^ and Cape
Dello or Lcdo, at tlic Moudiof the Uiver Parciiba *, obferved by Dr. Ualley, in
his Voyages. Mr. /^t///';; lilt e wile, bcfides Cape/'n-?, marks Cape t/zw more to the
North, and Ilha Grande fome Leagues to the South-Weft : Whofe Latitudes he
fays were taken by fkilfiil Pdots, belonging lo the King's Ships, but does not
fpecify cither in Figures. The fame Mydrogrnpher gives Notice farther, that the
ylbrolbos-Sboles on this Coaft, lb much dreaded by Ships for their fuppofed great
Extent, do not ftretch from the Shore above 20 or 25 Leagues f, inftead of 50
or 60 -, at which Diftance they are marked in the Dutch Charts of Peter Goos and
yankeulcn. They are laid down in the old Englijh Charts ^ agreeable to Mr. Benin's
Tnftrudlions •, and thcfe our Navigators have confirmed.
The Bmfil Coaft, from Cape Frio to the Rio de la Plata, is exhibited with very-
little Alteration from Mr. D^Anville's Map ; only with fome Difference as to the
Latitude of St. Catherine* s-ljlandy which I have regulated according to the Journal
of Lord Anfon\ Voyage in 1 740. The Longitude of that Ifland I make to be
31". Q^"]' . being thcRefult or the Obfervation of a Lunar Eclipfe, made there by
Captain Legg., aboard the Severn in 1741. This is one Degree more Welt than
Mr. Bellin places ir, after Frazier and other French Navigators.
In confcquencfc of the Situation given to St. Catherine, I put Buenos Ayres in
Longitude 42'. 5'. that is i''. 45'. more to the Weft than Mr. 5f///« places it j
and almoft Ten Degrees more to the Weft than refults from the Obfervation
of Pere Feuillee in 1709 -, which makes its Longitude no more than ^2^. 25'.
With regard to this Place Mr. Bellin tells us, " That the River De la Plata
'* (whole Mouth is laid down from feveral accurate Plans) is fettled in his Chart,
" in confequence of the Situation given by him to the Coafts of BrafiL" It may
be prefumed alio, that in adjufting thefe Parts, he called-in to his AfTiftance,
befides the French Marine Journals, the Longitude of Buenos Ayres above-men-
tioned.
* From the Latitude of 6°. 55'. obfcrveJ at be obferved by Mr. Couplet h Filsy the Vtar
VovX Leiio, at the Mouth of the River of /'</?v/;'^rt, before, mull be very erroneous,
by Cr. //«///T in i6gq, it appears, that the La- t Y^'t tlic Squadron under Commodore yi/Zi//,
tituiq of P^r^iita, which is 3 Leagues more judt,ed themfclves to be from 90 to 60 Leagues
South, muft be more than 7 Degrees ; and con- off Brc/il, when they came upon the Edge ci
fccpently that 6°. 38. 18". the Latitude laid to the Jbrolbcs,
iU~
1
i i' )
tionc'd, corrcclel by Dealer nnl'e\' : Since lic luis I'lacd t!ir.t City In .^o". 20'.
tx;i(?t|y conioiinablc to the Doctor's Coirtd''tK)n ; ami tontia.y u; liiC Authority ol
Ills principal (jumIc Fr(>z'ui\ who puts it in about 42 l)c;!,rct s, as laid liov^Mi
ill our Charr On this Ocrafiou I mull obkrvc, that it Mr. /u/V;/; hati I'.o Mind
to own the Cbligifion of-' iccftifying his Ciiutt to IV'tJ'lcr IJn!lr\\ hi;tn;ghi at IcaH:
liavo taken Notice how rxacliy he had found the Dodoi'.s Contdion to tally with
the Eflimations of the French Navigators.
The Dcfcrt O aft, foni Rio dc la Pl.ita^ to Cape liJ.mco^ iq but HttK- known.
The Situation which I liave given to this Cape, anu by which iivJ.ced, that ofih'.-
wliole Co.ift, from t:he 111.; of St. CdiJxnuc to Cajje llcr):, has been rtguLtcd
refulislroin ihe ObfTvaritn of a Lunar I'.rhple, made at that PKice by C.iptain
(afterwards Sir John) Nnrioyou^^h in March 1O70, compared \vi:h his Reckoning
by Sea : Or rafher I have hiid down that Cape according to his Elliniation, con-
firmed by the Refidt of that Kchpfe •, wliich Situation prt Icrves a Mediutn between
the two Extremes, herealtcr nifiitioned, fouiuf in tlie Charts. By tliat I'.clipie,
Cay.tain 'Narhorui'j^h determined Cape Blanco to be fituated 4 Iloiirs, 41 Minutes,
or 70 Degrees y^ ci\ o'i London \ and by his Reckoning at Sea, 61^^. r/)'. Wtfl
o\v\\t: Lizard: To which adding 5^. 38'. *, you have 67'\ 34'. {rom London 'y
•and a'^. 25 . more reduces it to the Mctidi.in oi Paris : Which makes its Longiiude
irom thence 69^, r^(.)'. or 49-. 59. Uom Ferro, by fubtrafliiig :.o Degrees, lor
the Diiference of Meridians.
In tliis Situation therefore I have placed Cape Blanco., as Mr. D'AnvUfe, pro-
bably from the fame Authority !•, had done before me: Whereas Mr. i?^///« (and
niter him Mr. Brcuckncr) th.e better to conform himfelf to the Longitude given by
Imn 10 Buenos /iyres, puis it in 46 ■'. 30'. But altho' this is kfs by 3". 29'. than
the Longitude determined by Captain 'Narborough \ yet having fu[)prcfll-d that
Determinacioii, v/nich he ought to have divulged for the Benefit of Navigation,
he even undertakes to fupport his own, though fo contrary to it, from that Na-
vigator's reckoning of the Diftance run between St. Jngo^ one of the Cape dc Verd
in.tnds, and Cape Blanco, which he makes to h: j^r^ Leagues. I cannot forbear
reciting the extraordinary Method, which Mr. Bellin takes to compafshis Defign.
*' Thefe 735 Leagues, fays he, amount to about 44 Degrees of W^eft Longi-
" tude: But the Ifland of St.Jago being by our firft Chart [of the W'eftern-
*' Ocean] in 24^^. 30'. and Port Defire being in 68'-'. 15'. there are tlien 43".
" 45. between thefe Two Points, which are within 15 Minutes of what that
*' able Navigator found them."
Here Mr, Bellin., to ferve his Turn, hasdrangely mifreprefented Things : Firft,
he lelTens the Difference of liOngitude given by Captain Narborough, above half a
Decree; For what he calls ^t/';?/// 44 Df^r^^.f, fliould be 44''. 38'. Secondly, to
widen the Space, he affumes two Extremes very different from his Author. He
fixes his firft Print at the Eaft-End of St. Ja^Oy whereas, the Captain begins his
reckoning from Porto- Praya, at the Wefl-End, 50 Minutes more Weft ward by
the fame Chart ; and makes Fori Defire his fecond Point, wliich he has placed
I near
* Narboragb reckoned ']* . lo'. for the -|- Joined perliaps with the Obfervations
Meridian DilUuice between the Lizard and made by the S^auianii along th(; Coaft in
'.5
( ^2 )
near one Degree more Well than Cape Blanco itfclf, wliich is C.\pt;un Nflrhoyou^^h^i
fecontl Point l.:iftly, after this Ciirrail of near two Drones and .» lialr, Hn.liii^
the Space b.tuc'.n his two Points too narrow (till to admit tlic 44 l>|irc % he ha3
fiH* Aii.irefs 10 rcil his Keatiirs who, he imagines will take ins W'c ri withour ex-
amining tarthrr) that Pert Dr/iny by his Chart nf the Southern Ocean is in bH^.
ot LongituJe from /^<7r», although it is only in 67 ". 15. or 30'. at molh
That Mr, Bdiin has (luwn much 1 Vxteriiy on this Occaficin cannot be denied :
But how far his Calculations, or his Proofs, are to be dcpencKcl on, after Inch an
Inftance of his Infincerity as this, mult be left to Navigitors to dettrir.ine. Had
he Hated the Cafe fairly, for the Benelit of the King's Ships, as he ou}j;,ht to have
done, it would in a furprizing Manner have Ihewn the Acc.'racy ol Captiin Nar-
hofO!i^/j*s Reckoning: For, if you add 44*^.38. tb.c l")iltance run between Pcrlo
Praya^ ami C.ip- BLmco, to 25", 20'. fthe Longitude of cliat Port from Paris^
by Mr. Bcilhi's Chart) the Sim will be 69". 58'. which is but one Minute lets
than what relults from that able Navigator's Reckoning from Loudon. So that he
may be faid to have determined the Longitude of Porto Pr^iyci, as cxacily fiom
L'jnJ.oUy as it has been fmcc determined, by it's known Did. net from Cape AVr.-/,
or the Meridian of Fcrro, which is not above I''ive Degrees ; ..ml (he exact Agree-
ment of his Reckoning in this Refpedl is a (b'cjng Pitfumption, if not an ubfo-
lute Proof, that it is right alio with refpeft to Cape Blanco.
Thefc Things confidered, I am furpiiz xl that Mr. Bcilin was not ftruck wirh
ftich convincing Evidence •, or how he could find in his Lleart, to llitli- and prevent,
as he has done, a Calculuion accompanied with lb many Criterions of Certainty,
to luppoit fo glaring an Uncertainty, as from his Manner of Proceeding, his own
Jlypothcfis nniO have appeared to himfelf Let that be as it will, I have for the
Realons afbrefiid cholen ro place Cape BLmco in the Longirutle relultinfj from
Captain Narborou^h\ Reckoning from the Lizard^ rather than that refuhing from
hisObfervation of the Moon's Eclipfe, or his reckoning from London, wiiicli l;e
makes 69 . 16 (by adding 7'"'. 20. ro the 7./2/7r<^ reckoning, for the Meridian
Diitancej and according to which, within 16 Minutes, it is placed in the Voyage
of t!)e Centurion, in 1 740.
As to the Longirude of Port Defire, about Ten I,ragijcs to the Soutli of Cape
Blanco, refilting from tlie Obfervation of a Lunar Lclinlc, made at that Place
the i.*-;.iiof Sericmber i6yo, by Mr. J-f'''ood, Mdtc to C:\\)t^'m Narhrougb ; whicii
puts .hat port 75 Degrees Welt of the Meridian of London, or {^.^^\ 35. from
th)t ol Pc-rro, it appears to be wrong: Not only as ic differs above Five whole
Degrees and a halt in Excefs from the Captain's Obfervation, confirmed by his
r^i.c-uate Reckoning •, but alfo, as it is incompatible v/ith all the bdlimations of
Ikillful Navigators, and therefore is f^jerted t'>y the Geographer.5. .^vnd, here it
niiy be prop r to obferve, that D(Ktor Plalley's placing this Coaf^ Four Degrees
llill more Weftward, was owing to a wrong Information in two Refpedts, which
he received of IVood s Obfervation, feveral Years Ix'forc either his or Captain Nar-
borougbh Re! ition of the Voyug': was publifhed : For, the Refult of that Obferva; ion
was reprf f ntcd to him to h.ive b.en ^ 6 Degrees inlliead of 73 ; the Obfervation was
faid likewife to have been matle at Port St. 'Julian, inftead of Por^ De/ire, which
being I . 13 . more Eall than St. Julian, refers this latter to 77. 13. as Dodor
Halley has placed it in his Cnart. Hence arofe a Difference of no fewer than 14
Degrees
t '.1
( 3,! )
Degrees lietwccn tii:>.t Cli.irr, and thofe of A* /".'/A' 'ind Frazirr^ in the Lonp,itude
of Capo Horu, tlicy placing it as nvic Ii too Kiirtwarci, by followiig rlic lii'j (uiHego
L')ngitude, .:s tiic l"*o(5tor did Wcflvvard by the Mifgjid.uKc ot iiis wrong
Intorniition.
But to return to Cipe /?/.i«t'(7. Suppofiiig tlu-n the Sitviation of this Cipe ;.? I
have plaani it to be tolerauly cxu(5t, the remainini^ Part of the G).\ft a.'i fir as
Cape yir'^ins nuill be admitted to be foof Courfe. For C:\\ni\nNiirboroii(il.> afier
ftayiii;^ a whole WitT-'.-r in the Parts about Perl "Julian and P^,yt i cfirt\ in his Pal-
fige troni tliencc to the Scrcights of Magnllan, cucFulIy obfci v, d the B .uing and
Dillance. The hke was done before by i'/z/Ar, Mjflcr of the Z)(//>r, in which
G///t///16 fiiled round the Globe, in 1586; whole Journal is very particular, and
agrvts exaiily as ro the Bearin'!;s with Narboro/ij;^//s Chart : So tliat it may be j re-
fumed, that in [dicing Ca|)e K//;(^i«i in 53^ 45. conformaljlc to his Reekoning,
we have given it the right Situation. Jf lb Mr. licllin has in his Chan erred Sv\Ln
Degrees, Dc L* Iftt' arn.\ Frazirr 7^. a 5- in tbe- Muidian Dilb\nce between it and
Oliitda in Brafil.by placing that Cape fo many Degrees more l^alUhan I have done.
But whether that be the true Situation or not of C.ipe Pi/[i^ins, with refjiedt to
the Meridian ot Fc'rro •, yet it mud be allowed to be lo at i .alb as to that of Cape
Blanco^ from which it (lands 3 . 46'. more to the Well. For all this Mr. ^t','//;.',
and after him Mr. Brouckntr^ place it no more than i 5 Minutes more Welt thin
that Cape-, which makes a Dilference of 3". 31. A moll enormous Dili" rence in
fb fliorc aSp.ice ofCoall ■, an 1 I'lch an Error as it can Ibarcely b:- coneeivnl that fo
<:xperienced a Navigator as Captain Nayhoyoir^b could be guilty of, fuppuiiiig h's
Reckonin;]; was not confirmed by that of Mr. Fuller before-mi ncion' d. I lowrver
that be, Mv.D'^hvi/le difllrs from us little more than half a D.gree in tW: Longi-
tude ol Cape Virgins.
Mr. Jh'Uln has in this Pariieu'ar lacriHccd, or irjci'-led the flrongefl' Evidence
of iVautical Reckonings \ which upon otlur Occahons he lays great Strds upon,
on far Icfs Grounds, to conform iutnfelf to the Longitude of the Rio Gailc^o * :
Which is from the Nature of it very uncertain, as being no o.her tlian the Rclult of
theDitlance of th.-Mou.h of thail^iver, to theNor;h of dpe /^'/Vi;/;/;, from a PLice
in the Vaik v of Bace'era or B:i:al:in, near St. la^^o in Ci.nli. Emhrecn fj-ru-rtcs
more to tlie Nortii ; whole L.or.gitude is dcduc.d lr(;m t.'ie Time of a Lunar
Eclipfe, obfervui by Pcre 'Majcard'i., \\\: \-^x\\ o'i March i6.;~^, ani ■' hoL*
Diltance from Gallcgo River is faid to be known. But nviih.-r nas ti;at Obf rva-
tion been vtrilied, nor does it appear that the Diflance is known, or c;;n with
any Certainty be ktiown ; confhicring the Circumllances of the inrervcni^g Coun-
try, joined to tlie great Lengtli of tjie Way.
In fupport of this I migiit q'jote Mr. Bellini own Authority : For he makes
the Longitude of Bucalan itlelf almoll ^r, Degrees : W^hereas, according to
Pere Ma/cardis'a Obfcrvation that Place fliouUl lie in 52". 30'. Well: of Fcrro ;
and Rio Gallego having been computed to be 4''. 30. more Eall than Bucalan,
hence tiie Longitude of Lorty -eight Degrees comes to be allnbed to it.
Will
* Mr. Be/Iin is probably now convinced of the Fio tk In PLiUr, and the 3tici<^'htb oi }hg,il-
this ; fmce in the late Advertifcment to his Inn, irom the Remarks niaJc in 1746, by tome
iVItmoirs, he acknowledges p. 4. that lie has Jeluits and OfHcers, i'ciU by the Knig ot i:^-u:n
ionic CoiTtdtioiw to make in the Coull between to viilt tliat Loalt.
(3-0
Will iVlr. Bdhi: ron-iend rhat the Longitude of R?' diHr-y is ngli'- ; and yet ptit
BncaLm, from whorr?.IcridiAith.uLoigitude is deduced, 2'. 30. moreWcll th in
it ought too::; bv rhe OblVrv.ition ? This Mr. Hellin doub'lcis did to make the Si-
tuiidon o! Z>'//:v?/r.;; \'.ilk-y quadrate wirh the more accurate (ybfcivanons of die
J„ongi[U.!e m.vJe at La Oy/iception-, and in that to be furc he dici ri;.dit : But then
ought not he, in coiveq'jence of ren-.oving /?//r<7A;/i 2*^. _qo. Wcilvvard, to h>\ve
alio removed /vi:/ Gj/.V^'j lb much Wellward in order to pr f^rve the Meridian
Didance of 4"'. 30. on which the Longirude afligncd to it is grounded ? For I
cannot fuppofe that this Circurr.llance could have cfcaped Mr. Bdlvi\ Penetration.
Ilowever that b;', hj m.;kes the Difference of Lontntude between tl'.of-:; Places
Seven Degrees, which •. et fcems to have been a great deal coo iriich before ;
lince accordin2, to Mr. i)'^;,-:-;. .''.-, as well as our Chan, it is not above One D;-ij.[ee
Tt:n MinuttS.
For tht! above Reafon^ Mr, Bdlin ought to have concluded, that the Longi-
tude of tlie Rio Gal'.ets^o was erroneous, an.i regulated irs Situation by that of Cape
B:a;:co. What is ftiil more extraordinary, Mr. Bl-IHh has paid fo hctle regard to
Captain Nnyborcu /.>'s Journal ..nd. Chart, (wiiich in tiiis Par: of die Coail, asui the
Miigallanic-Strdghls at lirafl:, mufl be allowed to be lor tlie general very aLXvsrate)
that he has removed F:"t Dy.re, one whole Degree moie Wert than Cape
Blanco, inilcad of cv.t Mile, or Minute only, as that Navigaror computes
it J and at t'^.e fame Tims p'accs Port 6"/. Julie;: r.o more than Fire Miiiurts
to rhe Weil of Port D fin^ w.dch yet according to Captain Narborougb ought to
be I '. 15. In a Word, Mr. Bdiin has pat Cape Virgins \ . I5. more 1-" all
than the Rio Gnllcgo, whofe Meridian Diftance by Narhroi/glJ's Chart, is nc't
above Foar Minutes ro t'ne Weft of that Cape •, which I have placed in /^3*^. :^o.
of Longitude, only T\voM:n-_t-.s m.orc Eait, than it i;; computed in the Journal of
Lord yiV.yc'.'v's Voyage on b-oar/: thj Centurion.
To leave Cape Vvgi-i's^ which Mr. Belliti puts 7 D grees more Eart than it is
in our Chart ; 1 ha", e piaccd Le Maire'iStreights about 2*-\ a-o. Eaft of that
Cap.", nearly agreeing v.dth Mr. Belli/i *, who after Frcizicr makes the Meridian
Dirtance ? '^. 45 . not 4 Drgrees, as by Miflake, I dare fay, not Defign, is chaiged
by the Author of Lord A'Uo-S Voyage in 1740 ; yet with rcg.irJ to the Si-
tuation of Cape //r;v;, and tine Ida .ds along the South Coaft of T/^nvf del Fucgo^
we differ greatly. But: b:fcie I pah to them, I muii. obferve thatthefe Straights,
(which more j^rojierly o .gl-;t to bear the Name of Siboiitrn) hav- produced Two
otl irs, t\vM o( t\\i IJc'iricb Bf:'J:-er m 1643, and that of Le Rocb dif. ovortd as
pretended, in 1 675, bodi wiiich arc inferted by Dc Ulf.e in his Map of the South
Part
* Confcquendy Mr. EcH-i place-: tl.efe
.'"trcights near 7 Degrees more Eail than they
Jic in our Cluit. But in the AdvernicrTiCnt to
his Mi»nirs p. 6. ' c fj\E, they oughc to be
placod 40 or 45 League, 1 wh-*.h amoant to
about 4 Dcj^rocb in thar Latitude'' n-.ore Well
than in hih Chart of t'le ^rut!::rn-0:::-:-i -, in
Confcijucncc of the Winding of the Coa'.l
from the Rio <k .'.r PUtJ, \\o ;he S:rvMgIits
oi 'Mtigalltvi) as examined in 174^1, by the King;
oi Fpai'i's Order. Here he alio vs .".n TiTor ot
4 Degrees ill the Situation of the Strcii'hts of Lr-
Meiirc ; and poilibly at Icnpth may be obliged to
aUow ti'.e other Three, norwithllandiiig liij oting
prepared witli ilronn; Objections againlt the
Loi;gitaile oiven to that Coail in I.or.l ,v.,yi//'.s
\ oyage, with which oui' Chart a2,reea within "j
few Aiinutes.
I
I
( 3J )
Part oi Jmenca in 1703 ; but both are excluded In his M:ip of 1 702, as well a^ the
IHand difcovcrcd by LcRocb in Latudde 45, which was inferred in the formerMap.
To return now to Cape Horn. Firft J \,.x that Cape but 2*^. 40. Weft
of Streights Le Maire, which is 1°. 50'. lefs than Mr. 5f//;;/ places it. This
brings it to near the iame Longitude with Cape Virgins ; wherea.% Mr. Bellin with
M'-. Frazier^ places it about i^. 40. more Weft. Hence, with us it is in the:
Longitude of s^"- 40'. and with Mr. Bellin, of 48''. 30'. the Difference is 5^. 10'.
by which Cape Horn is placed more Weft in our Chart than thofe of Meffieurs
Bellin ar.d Brouckner. So that although Dodloi Halle^:, miflcd by the wrong
Report of Wood's Obfervation at Port De/ire, ciffers in hi'^. Ch;)rt i^\ 25'.
from Mr. BelHn ; 14". 28'. from Mr. Frazier -, and 15''. 55. from De L'l/Je, in
his firft M.ips ; yet he ha? not deviated Weftward irom our i\ccounr, above three
Degrees more than Mr. Bellin ; or two Degrees more than Mcftieurs Frazier and
De VJJle have deviated Eaft ward. Altho' the laft mentioned Geographer charged
him with erring above ten Degrees s which mull be underftood with refpeft to his
own erron.ous Reckoning. Bur, if wededuCl 4^^. 13. in which the Doc^lor was
impofed on by the aforefaid wrong Information, his Chart will vary from ours
one Degree lels than Mr. Bellin*?,. However, in order effectually to fftttle this
important Point, and put an end to the Difputes among Geographers, it will
be neceffary to procvae a good Obfervation of Jupiter*^ Satellites, to be made
fomewhere towards the Mouth of the Magaluinic-Sireigbt, if ic cannot be made at
the Cape itfelf.
Secondly, my Chart differs from Mr. Bellin's in feveral other Particulars rela-
tive to Cape Horn, no k'!s than with refped to the Longitude. I make that Cape
to be the South Point of U Hermit e's Ifland •, he makes it a Part of Tierra del
Fucgo : He reprefents UHcrmilc's Ifle to be a fmall one, and puts it 24 Leagues
from thence to the Euft ; I make it a large 1 land, at the Diftance only of l"wo
Leaguq^ from Tierra del Fuogo : I place BarneveWs Ifles about Six Leagues
Eaft-by-North of Cape Horny on VHermite's Ifland ; he places them about
Twenty Leagues South- South- Eaft of his Cape Horn in Ticrra del Fuogo, and the
fame Diftance South-Weft oi' L'Hermite'slilc: In all likelihood miftaking for them
Ides of Diego Ramires, which he has again miftaktn for thai; ci' Diego Roc, lying
near the Coaft of T'ierra del Fucgo ; both mentioned iu Don 7«fl«'s Chart of the
Weft Coaft of America, publiflied in 1 744.
To fupport our Alterations from Mr. Bellin, and account how fo ftrange a
Difference came to be introduced in the Charts, it muft be obferved, that in the
Voyage of Sebouten, md Le Maire^who in i6i6,firftpaft round that Coaft ; the Ifles
of Baynevdt are put in 57 D^-grees of Larifide, and Cape//fr« about 10 Leagues
to the Weftward, in r/ . 48 ; in the Chart alfo belonging to that Voyage, this
Cape is made a Part ot the main Land of Tierra del Fuogo. In the Voyage and Chart
cfjdques L'Hennite, who took the fame Rout ten Years after, we find Things quite
different. i)'<7r;.Yw//'s Illes are placed in about 56". 4'. Cape Hem is 56^. "lo.
and this latter inftead of being joined to the main I and, is lound to be the South
Point of a large Kland near Eorty Miles h^ng and Twenty broad, which his Peo-
ple I'ailed round ; having to the North a large Pairac.e for chips between it and
Tierni del Fucgo^ intcrfpeifed wiih Iflands, and furnifhed wiih large Bays and
K " Hai'boUiSi
.'"flip'"
fi^:
I
X 36 )
Harbours, to which they gave Names. The imperfect: Accounts of fubfequefrt
Voyages infroduccd more Contiifion amongft tne Gcogr.iph is. Sanfo}i ict'Anst ■
have adhered to ^i'/'f^K/^^w's F^eport ; but the Z)«/r^ ;it!finj)tin['^ to unite the fcvcral
diliV-rcnt Accounts together, tormed a confiifed Mcdlc-y, De L'JJIe in his Map
of the South Vint of Jmeric^, publifhed in 170^% follows neither of rhofc tirft
Navicrators: Placing Cape Horn (which he joins to the Main) much nca-er to the
Streights L^ A/rti?v i And Barnevelt's lilcs to the South-Weft ot it, quite contrary
to both,
Frazier Teeing the Confufion which Things lay in, and being afl'ifted by fome
Journals of /Tf;,'c/^ Pilots, in 1712 undertook to draw a correct Chart of thefe
Coails : But in doing this he fcems to have taken tiie Dutch Charts above-mention-
ed for his Ground- Work, without having recourl'^ to thofe, either of Scbouten or
VHermite. However, this Chart was received as a very accurate one, on the
Credit of its Author ; and has been generally lollowed ever fince by the French^ and
even £';^/?/7j Hydrographers. De U IJle fetms to have adopted it in his Map of
America^ publifhed in 1722 - and Mr. Bell'in has likewife copied from him in bis
Charts : But Mr. D'^Anville has in his Map given this Pare of the Coaft in
Queftion, with the adjacent Iflands, agreeable to UHennite^ Chart, and Jour-
nal (on)y altering the Latitudes a little^ and that with very jufl Reafon -, for if
we cannot depend on what is fo eircumftantialiy related and defcribed, we can
depend on nothing.
We fee here a great Difference in the Latitude of Cape Horn and Barnevclt
Iflcs, between the firft Difcoverers, Scbouten and Ullermite. Garfia de Nodal^
who paft it Two Years after 5.'-/;)i'«/^;;, places it in 56'. 22. or Mth'^r more South.
Frazier is not confiitent with himfelf on thisOccafion : In one Place *, he affirms
it is in reality no more than 55". 45 : In another -[-, he fays, it is in ^^'■'. 50'.
or ^6 Degrees at moll. 'Tis true according to De Ulfie %, the Latitude was found to
be ^Pf''. 40. by Mr. De la P'erune ; and fo Mr. Bellin fays it ought to be placed,
conformable i^ feveral Obfervations in thofe Parts by feveral Navigators §; but
does not fay it was adlually obferved. Thus indeed he puts it in his Chart of the
Southern Ocean ; but in his Map of the World it {lands as low as 57 Degrees of
South Latitude.
There are other Differences to be found relating to Cape Horn : For Scbouten
places it about 40 Leagues from Strcights Le Maire •, UHermite not above 26
Leag'ies -, Frazier fays the Dillance is 40 or 50 at moil [j •, and Bellin that it is not
above c^c^ or 60.
For all thisDifagreement among Navigators wit1i refpeCt to this Cape, I am of
Opinion they i^!! defign the fame Point, for the following Reafons. F'irft, 'tis
agreed that Cape Horn does not lie more South than about p,b Degrees. Secorully,
neither VMaire nor VHcrm'ite found any Land more Southerly, or inJeed
fo far South as what each calls Cape Horn. Thirdly, becaufe to come at it from
he Maire* s-Streights, thej .ecred South-Welt ; and that as foon as they had
doubled it they lailed North- Weft. Fourthly, That Carfui de Nodal in 161 S,
having
*Pag. 2-15.
t Mem, .'^tad. tome 24 p*
473'
^ Pag. 13 of his Remark J on his Chan ofth»
ZjUtbirn-Ocean.
MPa^. 7.85.
■^^l
( 37 ) ,
having doubled the Cape, put into a Bay juft: behind If, which v/as was ?h
^60. 22. * and thence failing into ^6 . 30'. which was the fartheft he pad
Southward, ftood North weftward, continually leiTening his Latitude till he got
to the Weft Mouth of the Magallanic-Streigb!, thro' which he returned to
Brafil.
However, fince then, later Navigators may pofTibly have mfflaken fome other
Point for Capf' Horn \ and this ieems to have been the Cafe wiih Captain Joaiuin
Darquijlade^ who in 171 5 is faid to have difcovered a large Bay on the Weft of
Cape Hern, which makes the moft Eaftern Point. A Draught of this Bay, called
by him San Franc'ifco^ is inferted in Don Juan's Mapof the Wtft-Coaft oi South-
America, publiftifd in 1744. 'Tis true both De Nodal and VHermite found a
large Bay behind Cape Horn, which they entered •, and the latter obferved
its Latitude to be ^6"". 22'. But, it cannot be the fame with that of San Fran-
(ifco, which is Twenty Leagues long -, whereas JJHerm'iie'?, IQand, in which
the other Bay lies, is not above twenty Miles broad, in that Part where the Bay
enters. The Bay of San Francifco therefore is more like that of Najfato to the
Weft o'i V Her mite' ^ Ifle, whofe Weftern Point makes the Eaftern Point of the
Bay; and bears South- Eaft from the Weftern Point of the Bay, hke the Eaftern
Point of San Francifco. It is alfo of the fame Extent, that is about 40 Lea-
gues in Length. The Weftern fide likewife of ISaffavfi-Bay refembles that
of San Francifco in its Windings, and Points ftiooting from it. The chief
Difference is that the Bay of Naffiw is all open to the Sea on the Eaft-fiJe :
Whereas that o'i San Francifco is rt-prefented as bounded by the main-Land, with
only Two or Three Openings like the Mouths of Rivers, as they appeared at a
Diftance.
B fore I leave this famous Cape and Bay, I muft take Notice of two other
Variations in thefe Quarters, found in the Charts. In that of U Her mite* s, a little
to the Weft of Strei^hts he Maire^ is a deep Inlet, with an Ifland in the Mouth
of it. The like appears in- Frazier*s Chart, and is named by him Windon's-Bay.
This Nime feems ro b-* a Corruptio.i of H^intbjnds, that is. Grey- Hound's Bay,
which lies in the Middle of the North Coaft of Bay Na /Jaw j and to have been
transft rred from thmce by Frazier to the former. Mr. Beilin has inferred the fame
Bay aft-r Frazier, but diftorts the Name ftill more (a Thing frequent with him)
calling it IFiden's-Bay.
The other Variation relates to two Iflands which VHermite found near Bay
J<I(iff:i%v, 14 or 15 Le.i guts from Cape //-^n; -, and were not laid down in the
Charts of hi-. Time. TVxic are they which after Don Juan*s Chart I name
T>iC'^o Roc. Mr. D' /Inville names them lldefonfo : But in De Laei's Map the
Ildefonfo's are placed t' the Eaft- of Cape Hern ; and beyond them the Ifte of
Co):falvo, which ftrems to he the TehcJten oi UHermile's.
Of the lirft Navigators, 6V^i7//t';2 only defcribes Cape //c7r;;. He fays, he found,
the Co aft to th.^ North of it ran;]cd with high Mountains covered with Snow,
winch terminated in a pretty ftiarp Point, which is that of the Cape.
3
III.
• It was ranged on each Side, ^vuh very hic;,h Mountains i and had Idands ia ic^ wh^th.
were mure barren Rocks.
k
li
'I
■■•."
.»?.
( 38 )
III. IJlands in the Southern-Ocean.
TH E Situation of the States-JJland is adjufted by that of Slrdghts Le
Maire, on the Eaft-fide of which it lies.
The Three Iflands of Sebald de PFsert^ and Faukland^s Idands have the fame Po-
fition as in Mr. D^Anville's Map. I place the mod Eaftern Point of the latter in
about 45". 20'. of Longitude, which is above Three Degrees more Weft than it lies
in MefTieurs Bellin and Brouckner's Charts. This Ifland or Iflands (for it feems to be
divided in the middle by a Channel of the Sea from North to South) were difcovered
by S\v Richard Hawkins y who, in hisVoyage to the South-Sea in 1593*, coafted all
the Northern-Shore, and defcribes the Country f, giving it the Name o^ Hawkins's
Maiden-Landy in Honour of Queen Elizabeth. The next who touched at them
was Captain Strong, who went into theSouthSea, in queft of a Plate-Wreck, and
called them Faukland'%-JJlands. This Intelligence we have from Dotftor Halley,
who perufed the Captain's Journal, but mentions not the Time of his Expedition,
which we fuppofe was between the Years 1670 and 1680.
For ail this Mr. Frazierj and after him Bellin^ afcribe the Difcovcry of thefe
Iflands to their own Nation. A Claim the more e- '•.^ordinary, as at the fame Time
they confefs that they were not known to the Freh : hs Year 1 700 ; and that
they muft be the fame difcovered by our Hawkins lb 1 g before : But they feem
unacquainted with the later Vifit of Strong. However, they have given them the
Names of the New-JJles and the Malouines ; from the Ships of Si. Maloy which
firft lightcd-on them : Alfo, that of Anican^ to a Clufter of Iflands on the South-
Eaft Coaft. As to the Name oi AJfumptioHy which the Weftern of the Two great
Iflands bears, it was impofed by one of the St. Malo Men, who miftook it for a
New-L.md, mu-ch to the Eaftward of the reft. To the South of thefe Ifles, is that
of Beuchene, l.-tcly difcovered by the French.
Pepys's-ljland, dilco/ered by Captain Cowley \n 16^3, we place about 3". 20'.
to the Eaft of Cape Blanco. Meflleurs Bellin and Brouckner have omitted this Ifle
in their Charts, tlere is a very fpacious Harbour-, and altho' the Ifland is uninha-
bited, yet it is vi.ry commodious, as furnifli'ng Wood, Water and Fowl.
I have put the Ifland of Triniu'ida, or the Trinity, in thel-ongitude of 12". 25'.
agreeable to Doctor //<:?//tys Determination, about 220 Leagues Eaft of the i5r<3///
Coaft. I have likewife marked the fuppofitious Ifle of Jfc en/ion in the fame Lati-
tude, and about Five Degrees to the Eaft of the other. The Trinidada being
laiJ-down in the Charts, by the firft Difcoverers, in 19 Degrees of South La-
titude •, fubfequent Navigators, who found it in upwards of 20 Degrees, took it
for a different Ifland, and called it Afcenfion. Hence, two Iflands came 10 be in-
ferted in the Charts under different Names and Longitudes •, being placed about
i
1
:
n
Five Degrees afunder.
But in the Year 1670 Doctor Ilaliey in his Pafliige from
the
• It feems to have been fccn the Year before, forry he could nof (lay to examine it more tho-
by Cijndtjh in his Vo)a;j^e rouiul the World. roughly, by g"in'^ on Shore. C'apt. If codes
f Sir RidarJ liked it To well, that he vva$ Rog^n failed along the ISoith-bhorc in 1708.
( .^9 )
the Ifle of 5"/. Helena to that of Trpn/lada, had an Opportunity ordifcoverlng this
Error; and tliut tiie ifland which i\\t Fre>7ch called Afcenjion^ was no other than
th*e form' r. Accordingly iie omitted it in Jiis Map of Variations^ which he pub-
Jilhed in the Year i 700.
Upon this Ccafinn, Mr. Frezier in his Voyage to i\\t South Sea in 171 1, ac-
cufes ihe Uo(nor with llipprcfring the Ifland of the 'Trinity^ and^iviiig that Name
to the Iflc ol' Afieufion^ wliith ya he allows had been millaken for the other •, on
Account of its lying in about the fame L;;titude, and having Three imall Ides or
Rocks ar fome Leagiu s Dill.incc to the Eaft of it. Doftor Ilalley, in Anl'wer to
this Charge, in a Poftfcript to the EngUffj Tranflation of Frezier^ Voy. ge, de-
clares that he is certain to a Dcmonftration : That, to the Eaft ward of the Ifle which
h^. calls TriKidada, there are no other Iflands to be found, excepting the Tliiee
Inlets or Rocks, which are about 7 or 8 Leagues to the Eaftward oi'this Ifl^ind ;.
and which having been (cen from the Eaft, have been named by fome the Iflt.sof
Martin Vaz. lie affirms, that in the Year 1 700 he kept the Parallel of 20". 20'.
South, with a Weft Courfe lor above 200 Leagues to the E.aftward of the Place
in (^leftion ; and met wirh no Land or Sign of Land, by Birds or otherwife,
Mil he firft made the laid Three Rocks : Which lie nearly in a Line from North
to South, and are not above One Mile afunder, the middlemoft being the biggcft.
From hence the Dodor concludes it is evident, that, if the Illand in Qiieftion was
Ajcenfwn^ there can be no luch as 'Trinidada Eaft therefrom •, and challenges Mr.
Frezier to produce any Authentic account of Iflands fcen thereabouts, which were
not in the faid Latitude of 20". 20'.
To put the Matter quite cut of Doubt, Doftor Halky adds : That this Latitude
lias been often examined by {Englijh) Ships, which have miflfcd the Ifland of .V.
Helena^ and been obliged to look for thefe Iflands in hopes to find a Watering-
Place ; particularly in 1696 by Commodore Warren^ deftined to Convoy Home
the Engliflj Eaji India Fleet from St. Helena. " This Officer not being fure of iha
" Situation of thefe Iflands, marked in the Charts between the Latitudes of 20 and
" 21". fpread his Ships in fuch a manner that nothing between thole Two Para! Ids
♦* could be pafs'd-by unobferv'd. But after he had followed a due Weft Courfi.%
almoft home to the Main of Brafil., for near 420 Leagues, he found no ether-
than the Jingle Ifland, which we ca\\ Trinidada, ar.d the French Afccnfon ; wliich
after-all afforded him no fufiicientWater-Place. Moreover, continues the Doctor,
all the Iflands ihere-about being by Letters Patent of his late Majefty Kinp- U'd-
liatn., grant d to Sir John Hojiins, late of Harwood in the County of Hereford,
Bart, and to his Heirs \ the laid Proprietor has adually caufed Poflefllon of the
faid Trinidada to be taken for his Ufe, in the Name of the Crown of England^ and
has piit liv'eS ock thereon : Having found himfelf difappointed of ail the reft that
are laid down in the Charts, which upon the Search, he was fatisficd, were not in
rerum Natura.''''
NotwithftanJing thefe convincing Arguments, Mr. Bellin has inferted Two
Iflands*, caWxn^iWw. Jfcenfon, which Dodor Halley n\mz^ Trimdada \ withoi:r
L. takin":
((
(C
<(
«(
((
CI
<(
* Nay Mr. Bellin continues inflexible in
his C pinion; although he acknowledges elfe-
wherc, that icim. [French'] Nav. gators maintain
thdie Two lUanUj ajc one aad the I'ainc ; Parci-
cularly thofe of the Companies Ships the En^le
andil/«)j, which in 1739 went in quell of tiiofe
Illands, Sec Ai'V(rtiJc?!unt to his IVi'Jii)o;rj,
Fap,. 4.
I
( 40 )
taking th?" leaft Notice fas isunial with him) of the Proofs alledgcd to the contrary,
or producing any other icind o! Argunv.-nc than what Mr. Frazier h ui done be-
fore, Thjt is, inllancing the Report of Navigator.'^. Not ot any who failed as
Dr. Ilalley did, and thofe emf)loyed by the I'r^prittor, in the fame Parallel pur-
pofely on the Difcovcry: Bui of fuch only as touched , t the Ifland in theirWay to
or from America^ whofe Midakes in Reckoning might eafily counti-nance the
orher : Nor does l-e ofter to produce the Rou: oi any Ship wtiich had touched
at b'.)th in the fame Voyage. Nay feeming to cO!Ke\l the Evidence wliich a'ifes
from a Parity of L atitude, inftead of tellirg u.-, as Frezicr does, ih t Afccuficn lies
in 20^. 25'. lie only fay:, he puts it One D gr e more South thm tht- 'Dutch Cha'ts,
(which is faying nothing}. 1-Ience jyifTibly wi'h the fanie"View In.- 1 u's In'^Trimriada
in only 20". 20'. five Minutes )eL-> th in Frazicr ; and Ten lefs rVr--. Dr. Hallcy.
Jt may be hkewif ■ fuppoied that he has given T'rinJci'uia Four ifl.s inflead ofThree,
contrary to Fr^z/i-v: For, tho' feme cnrefefs Marines might mukeTwo fuch Mif-
takes, yet 'tis fcarce pofTible that any cxadt Obfervers, as he rc'pnfi.n s his Navi-
gators to be, fhould difF.-r fo much fiom two fuch experienced Ohiervtrs, as Dr.
NiilLy and Frezicr. Mr. Bellin by taking no Notice of Dr. Hallefs D. fence,
givi'S room for thefe Conjectures.
As to the Idand of F'crnando de Norotihay which Mr. Bellin in hi<; Map of the
World, qa\\s> Dauphin, lying-ofF the mod North-eall Part of .firf?///; it has the
fame Situation in our Chart as in his.
I
•1
WePc-Coaft of South-America,
r^H * O begin our Remarks at Cape Horn, where we left off. The Coafl:s from
I thence to the Wefl Entrance of l\\t Str eights of Magallan are very little
■^ known. Ships never touching at them unkfs driven thither by contrary
Winds. By fuch an Accident the Strtights both of Jalouche and b>armiento were
found to have a Communication with thofe ot Magallan •, the South-fide of which,
called T'ierra del Fiiogo, is probably divided into Iflands.
Ti.e Ex enr of Coall from Cape Horn to the Weftern Entrance of the Magalla-
nicStreghts, is adjufled by the Situation given that Cape, and the Extent of the
Streights themfelvcs from Eaft to Well, as laid down in Captain Narborough*s
Chart •, containing about Seven Degrees in Longitude.
Several exadl Aftronomical Obfervations have been made on the Weft-fide of
this Southern Peninfula, particularly at Panama, Lima, Ilo or Hilo, Arica, Co-
gumbo, Valparaifo, and La Conception, for both the Latitude and Longitude :
Befiles fever.. 1 others for the Latitude only, fome of which are inferted in the
Chart. By thcfe Obfervations the general Pofition of all the Weft^rn Coaft, fo
far South, has been detei milled i fo that all which remains unfettkd of it is from
I^n Conception So ithwards to the Maga'Ianic Streights : But for want of an Obfer-
varion ro Px the Situation of that important Point, a great difagreement is found
amoni-i the Charts,
The
\'
i'
( 41 )
TbeWrf^ern Eirrance of thole Strc^ights being in our Chart hitl-dovvn in Con
feq )iTiCc cf ''nc Pofi ion given to the E.illcrn I Entrance ; thi:> Co.ift from tlicnco
to L^ Concepmn Yh-.s, about North by ]:lifl:. This bearing of the Coa(t is co;i-
torm.ible ;o the Obfcrvation oi Siv Francis Drake^ and other early Navigators,
who found the Co.ift of C/;/// to trend toward the North-Ealt, aiul not to the
Nortn-Wjil, as the Charts reprcfentcd it. Succeeding Geographers for the ge-
neral gave it that Diredion ; and Mr. De V IJIe tollowcd then-l'-xamplc in hislirfl.
Mips : But in his laft Map oi America, the Coafl; berween d.e Streights ;ina La
Concep'.imt lie near due North and South *. Tliis Pofuion that eniinent Geogra-
pher leems to have given on the Authority of F/vz/V/, whom Mr. Bellin has
likewifc copied ; and thus afcribes nearly the fame Longitude to thofe two Ex-
trems: Whereas I make a Difference of 4". 20'. by how much L^z Conception
lies more Eaft in our Chart than the Weft Entrance of the Streights oY Magallan.
Ojr Cnart differs likewife confiderably from Mr. Bellini in the Dirpofuion of
the Coaft between thofe two Places: Which we have laid down conformable to
the Chart of the Southern Part of North- America, inf rted in Lord Any-n*^ Voyage,
as imrrovcd from the Draughts and Obfervations made by Captaiii Cheap, on
board the IFa/jr ; which give a confiderable Rounding or Projection to the
Coaft "T, :rom Cape Vicioria to the Bay o^Ancudy between Chiloe and the Main. Ac-
cordi-ig 'o the Aftronomical Obfervations inferted in the Chart, the D'H'erence of
Meri duns between La Conception and Lima, is nearly the fame as between La
Concepli^.mn^tliz Magallanic-StreigbtS', that is, 4°. 13'. In this we agree with
Mr. Be!.:>i, who follows the fame Obfervations, and fets forth the Errors ot the
Dtitcb and En^lijh Charts.
Vankeu'.en in placing thofe Cities under the fame Meridian, as Mr. Bellin had
done the Streights and La Conception, commits a no-lefs Error of above Four
Degrees : And Peter Goos makes the Difference of Longitude no more than One
Degree. On the other Hand the Charts of '7Z-'o;'«/^«, in the Englijh FAot, put
Lima Four Degrees more Eaft than La Conception ; and that of Dr. Halley Thiee
Degrees, inftead of placing it lb many Degrees more Wtft : Whence ariles an
Error of Seven or Higjit Degrees, v.hich makes a confiderable Altjration in the
Bearing;: or Trending; uf the Coaft. I know not how to cxcufe Thornton : But the
Error ot Dr. Halley is a Confequence of the Pofuion given to die S[reighrs ot
Magallan; by following the fpurious Account o^ If^ood's Obfervation at Port
Julian, as betore- mentioned.
By the fame Obfervations the Difference of Meridians between Lima and PananuT,
is 1". 21 : But ^'^z«/^(f/</(?;/'s Charts make it F'ive Degrees i Thornton's Three -, and
Dr. HaJle/s Six. Such confiderable Errors committed in fo fmall a Space of Coaft,
demonftrates that the Routs of Navigators are very precarious Means whereby to
determine the Longitude of Places, without Aftronomical Obfervations to regu-
late
• Tltt j;a/;!j!o Chzrts, publi (lied by Captain Chart of Don 'Ju^tt, who exhibits the Coail
Csei, ini-i2; and that of the Wcll-Coalls of both Ways : J"or that drawn according to Capt.
SoMtt}-Ar:t'::a, by Don Jtia/t 'juan, in 174.)., Cheap\ Oblcrv ations, runs-out more Welhvard
lay them down nearly in the fame Pofition. above Three Degrees and a half in Longitudcj
t The DiitcreriCc which iliis Lorrcftion th:i.n the other drawn after the beft Spaniji
makci, in this Pare Is very Conipicuoua in the Charts.
( 40
infe thcM-n ; anil that a fmall Number of Obfcrvations Is not fufLcient to ftttle the
rofitioii ot the Coills, which arc ot any great Extent.
It would be difficult as well as rcdious to give an Account how the Coafl from
La Coiuejtion']>^on\\\y.\x(X to A?;w/Viinva3 drawn, the Charts differ fo-widcly •, and
the Coalts are fo-litrle known evc n to the Spamardi themfelvcs, that one is at a
lofs what to depend on. The SianiJIj Charts puhlifhed by the Captain?, A(?p'i'r.f an. I
Cock^ dilagree cx:remciy with each other ; as well as with the Jo irnals annexed to
tliem, and the late Chart publiOied by Don Juav^ above-mentioned. It fliall
fiffi e then to fay, thit Par: was talcn from one Ch :rt or Map, Part from an-
other j and put together in tlis bell Manner we were able, with fuch Helps as we
could gtiier froni the iS^<^;;f/S and other Journals, which have been piiblilhed.
Le: us now eome to the KImds on the Weft Coaft, which fall within this
Sixth Sheet.
1 have placed the Port and Iflcs difcovered by Sir Francis Drake in 72 Degrets
of Loii;^i;:ude, whieh is more than 10 Degrees more Weft than they are found in
Mr. Beliin's Map of the World, and at the Diftance of 160 Leagues from Cape
Pilares at the Weft l'"ntrance of the Ma^allanic-Streights '. whereas Mr. Bellin pu'3
them at not muchi above half that Diftance. I likewife infert other Iftands be-
tween the former an.1 the laid Cape, which Mr. Bellin has omitted. He has like-
wife on i:ted other Kles particularly the D«/(r^ o/2orFs Iftand in 50". 37'. South,
difcovered by Ciprain Sharp in 1681, about 60 Leagues from the Patagon Coaft.
The Iflinds o'ijuan Fernandez are firuated according to the Obfervations made
aboard th* Centurion^ in Le d Anfon\ Voyage, compared with thofc of Sharps
Cowley^ an 1 other Ibiglip Navigatoi s.
Tne Gailapagos, or Inchanted IJlands^ as the Spaniards call them, which lie
under the Lin , feem to he better known to the Englijh than any other Nation,
as they lervcd for lurking Places to their Bucaniers or Cruizers. In 1684 Capt.
Cczvky, who th( n fcrvcd as Pilot to Captain Eaton, was at moft of them in fearch
ot' fVatery and gave Nam- s to them. He makes them in all Fifteen, exclufive
of Two Rocks i whereai the Spanijh Chart of Don Juan, exhibits no more than
Foiiiteen.
As Cowley examined mofl: of thefe Ifles, and named feveral Harbours in them,
I have follow d the Draugiu inferted in his Voyage, rather than the Spanijh Chart,
wh'f'h hath very lirtte Agreement therewith, either as to the Situation or Names
of Places i only Don Juan's Ifabella, feems to be Cowley's Albemarle. This is
a long 'fie, ami the moft outward in the Spanijh Chart; m which Chart, that and
Tork-JJle .ire joined in one: For being very clofe together at the Ends, the ^/^^w/'^r^i-,
who pefhips viewed 'hem only at a Diftance, took them to Le the fame •, but then
they o'luht to h.ive gi^en it a Breadth almoft equal to the Length, For all Mr^
Bell:n refers to Eaton's (or Cowley's) Chart, in his Memoirs, yttit does not appear
that hr madf the le..ft Ufe of it, in his Chart of the Facijic or South-Sea, any more
than of Hon Juan's.
The IQan s fituated under the Line, about 150 Leagues to the Weft of the
Gailapagos, wne according to Mr. Bellin, difcovered in the Year 1668 ; and that
naiii li Gallego ly ng ftiU more Wcftward, and about One Degree North of the
Lquutui, in i6y/;,
I The
( 43 )
I'he Fifth Sheet.
THIS Sheet exhibits Part of th-^ South-Sen^ containing; in Fxrent from
North lo South 60 Dtf-rco'j of Latitude, and from E.'ft to Weft 185
Degrees or L,ongitude.
As the Way ro the Enfi-hu'^'s^ acrofs the Soutb-Sca to the South of the Line,
is not much frrquentcc!, fh'.: art of the Ocean is very little known, and that
oi.ly to about the 25th De; ice of Latitu:!c. Molt of thofc likevvife who failed
in thisTraft, performeci tne Voyage without fceint^ nry innnds*"; ar. Magallan^
Drake, Candlfb^ Van Ncort, Spilhirgen^ l)ar,q.ier, IVoodcs Rcgers and Sbchockc.
On the rtlv r Hand, tley who faw any, as the firft Difc jvcrers, have lel't fiich
in;p' rtidt Accounts that they are fc^irce of any Ufe : '-"or they feldoni mention
the Lonii,itude or Dillances ; and rarely the L.uirude with any Accuracy j coi\-
tenting themfelvcs to fay they faw fuch an Ifland about the 1 6th Degree ot Lati-
tude, < r between 10 and 12 Degrees. As if they thought fo vague a Dirediou
fuffiJent ; or that the Place; might be found again by the capricious Names
which thry impofed on them.
Hence it is, ih.it there arc in the South Sea many Iflands, which may be called
Wandering JJJands; that is, fuch whofe Situations cannot be fixed by Geographers.
Of this kind is the Ifland of St. Peter, placed by fome in Latitude 21'. 20-.
Longitude 130*^. by others in Latitude 13". 00'. Longitude 118. In fliort we
are told its very Exillence is ciifputable. The Iflands of 6"^. Paul, of the Nageurs,
the Pljcadores, the Jardvies, Kiiig^s Iflands, and fevera! otliers are of this Sort.
After wiiat has been faid on this Occafion, it may fu'Bce to add in gene-al, that
I have placed tiiofe Iflai.ds the bed 1 could according to the Journals of the Navi-
gators, who touched at them. In confeqience of this I have been oblif,ed often
to differ from the Charts of MefTieurs Belibi and Brouckner, from 20 Minutes to
near Two v, hole Degrees in the Latitude ; which is the more remark.-.ble as we
never difagree above ^o iMiraites vviih refped to the Longitude, excepting in one
Inftance, \s here the Difference between us amounts to Three Den-rees.
I have conformed mylllf to Mr. Bdlin\ Ideas concerning the Situation of the
Iflands of Solomon ; and have fuppoled with him the Iflands of Guadc:lcanar, and
Santa CruZyto be the fame : Although I am far from being fully fatisfied as to that
laft Article, there is fo great a Difa^ireement among the Accounts given by dif-
ferent Authors relating to t'.iefe D-fcoveries.
Hcrrera, by fome Miflake, gives Two different Situations to the Iflands of
Solomon, placing them firft Soo Leagues, and afterwards 1500 Lengues from
Lma in Peru i'. As this Diverfiry created an Uncertainty aniong the Geographers,
fome have given them the firfl- kind of Situation, as Dudley in his Del Arcane del
Mare, joining them with the Tfl.inds of the Marquis of ?AendQza, a'x)ve 45 De-
grees more to the Eafl : OLhers, as Sanfon, affign them a Situation, conform-
M able
* This may be aripllecl alflnn their \"oyp.gc.s to the North of the Line,
•f- Agreeable to th^' Computation lai Ferdi/iaiui' dc Gallc^o, Pilot to i*/tW«ff«rt,in his firft Voyage,
as De ^tros was in V.h llcond.
I
ai
(44)
able fo the fecond Account. Hence, Mr. Df VJJlj^'m his Map of the Southern
Hemifj^hcre, pubhflicd in 1714, exhibits them in both Sorts of Siiuirions.
1 have placed the Kaft-Coaft of 'Terra Juflralis dc Spiritu Sanilo (Part of which
though lying in the Eaftern Hemilphere, falls within this Sh;.et) about 186 De-
grees Wcfl of the Meridian of Ferro, which is three Degrees more luiflward tl\an
Mr. Jicllin p. Its it •, and confcquently give to New Gnifjea,to\vW\ch it probably be-
longs, a Ib-mucli greater Extent, as it feems to require. There aredoubtlcfs many
large Countries or Iflands in this Part of the South-Sea : But the publiflied Account
of £)^ ^^4iros is fo imperfcd, that there is no laying-down anyThing from it with
Certainty -, only I have placed the Port of La Vera Cruz^ in the Latitude of
I5'\ 40'. and marked it as obferved. I have likewiie inferted the Names of the
Bays and Rivers mentioned by him.
The Situation given to the Ifles along the Coaft isGuefs-Work. On no better
Authority have I alllgned the Name oJTuhpa to the mod Southerly of them ;
only it is the Name of one of thofe Twenty which De ^dros mentions as lying
on that Coafi:, and nearell to the Country of Manikola, five Days diltant. I
Ihould likewife have added the Name of El Pilar de Saragojfa^ to one of
the mofb Northern Iflands \ could I have been certain, that it was the
Ifland of Pilart mentioned alfo among the Twenty, which that Navi-
gator places near Fanofano^ a great and populous Ifland, three Days Sail from
TauTfiako. As thefe Names, befidcs thofe of Shikayafia, Guatopa and Nupon (Three
other great Idandsj are the Indigenous^ they may be found by future Voyagers 5
and the other Iflands by Means of them : But it will be impofllble to difcoverto
which of them b,^long the Names impofed by De ^iros himfelf. For this Rea-
fon I would recommend it to Navigators upon every NewDifcovery, if poflible,
to get the Names given to Places by the Natives, which will be a fure Means of
finding them again.
I
POST^
( ^5 )
»fr <
POSTSCRIPT.
IINCE the preceding Remarks went to Prefs, there has come to Hun.' 1 Mr,
Buaibe*s Mip, juft publiflied, of the Nezv Difcoveries in the I\'orth
^-^ Paris of the South-Sea, drawn from the Memoirs of Wlr. De L'ifV', De la
Croyere. In this Map Mr. Bu.che has infcited a Ion? Advcrriiemt.nr, concern-
ing the Projedlion he makes ufc of, for which there was no m.-uini-r or Occafion ;
inltead ot a Table of Obfervations, or an Accouiit ot the Authoiirie-, whereon
fuch confiderable Addinons and Alterations are grounded : A thirg which feems
to have been .ibfokitely nrcefTary •, iince without llichVo chcrs the AVtc Difcoveries
have nothing to fupporr them, or inckk- them ro the Credit of t!,c P,.-)iic, In
EfFedb it does not app ar from the Map itfelf, that any of the Neu- Difcoverie.';
can be abfokitely lirpended on, as real, excepting Two cr Thiee Jflanus and
Pieces of Coaft : "W^hofc Fxiftence is in fomc Meafure afcertained l^y theRoiitsof
Navigator , delinea e i therein; which, with th/^fe Difcoveries .iiemidves, we
have inferted in our Ch;>rt from the faid Map. Thcfe are, Firft, A g^-e; t Trad
of Land to the Nortii of Siberia^ oppofuc to the Mouth of the River Kozi-ima :
Secondly, The Pi ce of Coall adjacent to the North- Kaft Part oliV/'rrfr?, extend-
ing from 63 to t y Degrees of Latitude : Tliirdly, The Coaft to the Eall of
Katr.cbatka in Mr. De V 1fle\ Rout from thence to America : And Fourthly, The
Pieces of American Couft between ^r^ and 58 Degrees of Latitude, difcovcred by-
Mr. De V Ifle and Captain Tchirkow,
The other Addiiions or Improvements, innoduced by thofe Gentlemen, confift
oFa vaft Inland-Sea, or Bay, to theNorth of 'uc Country named in our Chart Nezv-
Albicn \ and -he Difcoveries of Admiral DeFuentes, or De Fonte, in 1 640. This Sea,
or Lak'-, is icpaknted of a vaft. Size, no f. wer than •; Degrees in Extent from
So' th to Nordv, and its Breadth about Two Thirds of i:s Length, with fome
Ifla.ids towards the Middle. It is made alfo to communicate with the South-Sea, by
the two Inlets or Straights of D'J^uilarsind De Fuca : Which laft, as already mcn-
tioncdj
ii
'%
( 46 )
tion?cl, T take to be fictitious. If there be fuch a S>'a or l.akc ''for Mr. De
IJ Ilk is qi'itc fil rit as to Proof ) 'tis proiubly no other th.in the vail L.ike men-
tioiu'il by La IIjuIuh .md oMit-r , irom the Report of th ■ hulums in thofc I'aris v and
calk'd by lome rh-^ I .ak-' or Titbu^luk^ 'Jbo\(jgOy ,\nA ihr hkc.
With rc'g.r\l ro the Dilcovirits .ilctibn' to AclminJ Dc Fonte^ and liis Canrnin
Bi't'^unclc/t I oiiu,ht no IvJU^jjiT to v.onJcr 'hat Two or Three of my Coinirymcn,
wlio do not make Geography their Prutc-nion, fl.ould be mided by the Journal
of t!iar. Admiral's Voy.i<.rj * ; fince I lind the Premier Geographer of the King
of France^ and one of tlie nioft eminent Ar'ronf)mcrsof the Aca 'cmy of Scien.-es,
fo far impofed on by it, as to take it for g- nuine, notwidiilandmy it carries fo
many g'arini^ Marks t f T'oigery on the I'ace of it : Some of which 1 have
alre.idy pointed out i".
What ferns ftill more furprizing is, that, although they take the Relation of
that Voyage to be ^^muine, yet they fcarce follow it in any one Particukir •,
bur reprefent the whole in a Light quite contrary to it, as well as in.onfillenc
with its D'jfign : So as to induce t)ne to think that they f:,ave no Credit to
it thcmlelves, at the fame Time they adapted it; and only made ufe of it to
fet-olT their own minute Difcoveriesby connecting them with thofe confider^ble
on s afcrib'.d to the Spa>t:Jb Admiral : In fliort, to dazzde the Eyes of the Public
with a grand Appearance of Rivers, Lukes, and Towns j which are in reality,
for the general, merely imaginary.
If M'.ilieurs Bunched and De V Ijle's varying from the Journal, does notfliew
that they thought it fpiirious •, yet the bad Light which that Variation fets it in,
would caufeit to be looked on as fpurious, even though it was in itl'elf perfedtly
genuine': For Inftance, in the Map, Rio del Reyes is placed in about 63 Degrees
of Latitude, though in the Jo irna! it is laid-down in no more than S3- I" confe-
qucnceof this enormous Difference, the Lakes, Rivers and Places, mentioned in the
Journ il, are raifed in the Map Ten Degrees more North than they ought to be.
Accordingly the Indian Vdlage, at the End of De F<jnte\ Voyage, is inferred, no:
towards the daft of UudforCs-Bay^ which about the Year 1 640 Ships from Bojlon
did fiequenr, and where pofllbly they might have been met with j but fo far
North as t!ie Latitude 72". 20. towards the Weft-Coalt of Ba(fin*s-Bay^ where
we may venture to affirm, never any Ship, excepting one, namely Biloi*s, ever
was i where no Veflel probably ever can arrive on account of the Ice, which
makes t'la!- Shore inacceflible, as has been obferved above §: and where it is
fcarcely to be fuppofed that there is any Opportunity for Trade, or even that Inha-
bitants are to be met-with.
Again the Lake ydrfco^ which ought to lie between the Latitude of ^{^ and
60 D;rgrees, is placed beyond 65 || : And Captain Be>-nardo is made to fail out
of it South Weft, inftead of North-ward, by a River or Opening into the
Tartarian- Sea i in order, as it ftiould feem, to correfpond with the Journal, which
places
* Sec before, Page 23 and 24. North, and 30 Degrees in Longitude from F.aft
f Ibid. to Well: Without the leait Authority from the
§ Page 1 2. Journal for either the Shape or Dimenlions
jl It js made to extend beyond the 77 Parallel, which arc given to it in the Map.
that i: 12 Degrees in Latitude from South to
1
^ ( 47 )
places th:\t Opening in Latitude 6i. Tills isth<: only Point in which ilic Rcprc-
; *' ^taton of t!iis Dillovcrv a^^rces with the Journal, as to :he Situ.itiun of Pl.ucs,
. rh.u without any NcccfTity : Since the Ojiening might as well have been j)uc
out ot its Lutirucic as any Part elfc ; ami if pi icrd in 71 Dcjj,rees, would havr
comp rtcd b.tter with tlvj Aheration made in the Difpofuionof tiic wi^ole, as well
as wit!) the Jojrnal fo tar as relate s to the Coui fe or Hearing.
However that be, by conneding that Opening withtlie Jmcrican-Cocjl oppofire
to the moll Eaftern Point of S'lhcria^ the M.ip jilaces it 15 or 20 De^^rees more
Weil tlum tlie Journal autiiorizcs or requires i ai.d malces the Diftance between
the Place where Bernardo is pretended to have landed on that Coaft, in 70 De-
grees, and the I lead of BaJJiii's-BAy above twice greater than I make it by my
Chart, viz. above 80 Degrees in Longitude, which in that Parallel amount to
at Icafl S.-;o Miles. So that MefTieurs Bumbc's and Dc Uljlc's Map furnilhts a
Ihongcr Argument againfl the Probability ot the bailor's pretended Journey
over Land, that is, againfl: ths Veracity of the Journal, than the Journal itfelf-,
which I fliall not fcruple to repeat, is as j)alpable a Forgery, as that Map
is a palpable Pt rvtrfion oi it.
It is eafy to fee that the Reafon of Mr. De Ulfic^ approved of by Mr, BunchCt
for deparrii^g trom the J(jurnal, was to connecft the Difcov.ries attributed to
the Spamjh Adniral De Fonte^ with the latt r Difcoverics made by himfclf and the
Ruffians. Hut whether fuch a Motive can jullify his deviating fo extravagantly from
the Journal which he takes to be genuine; or whether he ought to have conluleri.d
as genuine a Journal, which he judged to be falfe or incorrect in lb many ellential
Points, muft be left to the Decilion of the Public.
If there was a NeccHlty lor placing Banardo's Entrance into the Tartarian-
Ocean.^ in 6 1 Dffgrees of Latitude, there was "luch more Reafon for putting tlie
Rio del Reys in 5^ Degrees ; fincc the Dcfigii of the Voyage was to fearch if there
was any PafTage for Ships from IIudfon's-Bay to the South-Sea ; and the placing ic
higherv-efptGittiiy fo far North as 6^ Degrees,, is titterly inconliftent with that
Defign : Hence it is evident that there can be no Miftake or Corruption in the
Number 53, which is cloubtkfs that inftrted by the Author of De Fcntc'i
Voyage. This MefTieurs Buache and De V IJIe mull needs have been fcnfible of;
But,'he Truth is, they law themfelves under aNecelTityof either placing that River
10 Degrees more Northerly than it ought to be by the Journal, or elfe rejecting
the great Inland-Sea, which they make to extend to the Latitude of 60 Degrees..
It is plain then that either the Inland-Sea mult be a Fiftion, or the Journal a For-
gery. And if they have any good Authority for infcrting the former, it may be
afked how they came to exhibit in a Map as genuine, the pretended Diicoverks-
o{ De Fof/le, which from thatr fmglc Circumltance only they muft have been con-
fcious were Ipurious ?
Yet to make this chimerical Reprefenration pafs the better, they lay-
down the Coaft and Iflands which Mr. De U Jjle faw, as the beginning of the
Gulf of St. Lazarus : Although they have no Evidence, but from the
Journal, that there is fuch a Gulph ; or if they, had, yet they have no
'• • ■ ■ • N '-•••-.,:. Ground;
I .\
f 4" )
Ground to fvippofc thofe Iflcs fo be Part of it. For, by fhe Route oF his Voyage,
triced in the Mnp, he fiw but Two or Three at moft : And can thcr^ be no lllunds
on tii:u Coift, bi.;t wh it ir.* ir. 'he Gulph of St. Lazarus .'
J irlcrve wh ir n-ior.' I hive :c' fay againft bo-^h th.- J omna! of De Fonie*s Voyage,
ani Mr. De V JJJch Man of his Dilcoveries, for a Memoir to fupport a Ch.rt
whi< h I have prepared ot tr.c Countries ro ind the North Pole : In order to fhcw
the Probabih:y oi borl; a North-Eall and North Well P.'.flage •, eithrr by going
rojnci the North CoaiSwjf /f/Ia :>.nd Ajnerica, or ell", failing diredly acrols the
Pole itfclf. In the mean Time I (hall venture, upon the whole, to fay, that the
Difcoveries afcribed to Admiral De Fcnte have no real Exiftence in Nature ; and
that however ajmmodiojfly they n.ay help tohll-up a Map of the North* Weft
l-*ar£ of Aiiurica^ they oug'iL in reality to have no Place there.
V'
F I N I S.
..... 1 )
'■ • . 1
:>) .1
I':
ERRATA.
i t
f »
PAGE 5. line 2j. /«*• two rtad too ; ibid. 1. 33. /. Chart fead Charts, p. 8. I. 31. f.
(3-. 3 . ;-. ft3«. h' p. 9. firft Note, 1. 4 after farthcir. North, p. 10. 1. 8./. hwave r. have.
1. I i.y. laft.rn >. moft Eafteni. p. 1 1. 1. 10./. Grace r. Mercy ; and laft Note/. 68". r. 699.
ao. p 12.1. w.rfut Leagues ^«/ due Eaft. p. 1*. 1. 33./, Critics r. Critic, or Critique. 1. 34./.
Capo ' . Cayo. ibid 1. 35./. Conrfc r. Name. p. 20. 1. \.f. Latitude r. Latitudes, p. zz. L to./.
Cal adongoar Cabador.ga p. 23. I. 23./. large r. a large, p. 25. 1. 5. /. come-in r. comes-in.
p. 3? 1. 22. /. prcvtiu r pcnrert. p 34. 1. 70. before Navii>;ator put able. p. 35. 1. 1, f,
\-oi r. 1722 } ibid. 1. 32./. Itk« r. the Iflcs. p. 39. \. 13./. Inleti r. Iflcts.
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