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The fotSowing diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 L'exo'tplaire fiim^ fut reproduit grSce ik la gin^r oaitd de: Division des manuscrits Archives publiques du Canada Lrje images suivantes ont 6tii reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet* de I'exemplaire film«, et en conformity avec lea conditions du contrat de fflmage. Lea exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim t- \r IS > H X B c/' en z\ ^ 9 THE WELLAND CANAL, A ('()\fi'ANY was incorporated in tiic year 18^.5, by an Act (if the I'rovinoiul Parliament of Upper Canada, t'di' tlu> purpose iit' connecting Lakes I'^ie and Ontario by a Canal, of sullicient dimensions tu admit tlie pas- sage of vessels of li.'.> tons burden. The capital, ]iO{\,WM. Canada currency, or 180,00()/. sterling, is divided into Ki.tKR) shares, irf' the value of 11/. .')s. each; of these shares Mi,.').'t.'i have been subscribed for, und ;.',K)7 shares, amounting to 'i7,7.">.'i/. l,"),v., remain uiullsposed of. The extreme len<;tli of this canal Is forty-one miles and a half, of which oidy about nineteen required en- tire excavation, the remainder being a natural navigation, caused by rivers and reservoirs. Tlie sinmnit of Lake Krie is :J.'50 feet above Ontario, and the ascent is surmounted by thirty-seven locks. There are two communications with Lake i'",rle, the one by the Niagara, wliicii will l)e finished by the 1st of November next — the other by the Grand Hiver, which has been contracted for, and will be finished by the 1st of No- vember, 182!). 'I'lie extent of the coiuitry conne;.ted by this canal, may be seen by reference to a map of North America. From Lake Erie there is an iniinterrupted connnunicatlon to Lakts St. Clair, Huron, and Michigan, and the connexion with LaVe Superior, at the Sous St. Marie, may bo rendered navigable at a small expen>e ; and although the trade of the country bordering on Lake Ihie al(>ne. Is a sufficleiit obje-.-t for this canal, its profits must eventually be much Increased ')y the navigation of the Lakes beyond, and the .settlement!, upon those lakes greatly advanced by the op..'ning of this communication. A canal from Lake Krie to the Ohio, in the United States, will be finished next sca,son, by which the produce of a great portion of tin- country btirdering on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, will be conveyed to Lake Ih'ie. According to the statement of the collector of the custom-i at .Sandusky, (an American port on Lake Erie), the merchandi/e landed at that i)lace alone, last season, i.fter passing through the American Erie Canal, amounted tu l,;JI!),8iJ.i dollars, from whence it was tak n by land, for the supjdy of the States bordering on the Ohio. What then may be exi)ecteil when these water^ are connected l)y a navigable comnuinicatlon ? When property Is once afloat on Lake lu'le, even if destined for the New York ma.ket, It will un- qucstional)ly p:iss throngh the Welland Canal, and enter the .Vmerlcan canal at Oswego, on Lake On- tario, in preference to entering It at Hutt'do. on Lake I^ile; because there will not only be thereby saved l:.'T miles of canal navigation In boats from Buffalo to Syracn.se, but the distance upon Lake I''-rle will be short- eneil 18 miles, and from the accinnul.uon of ice in the spring at the entrance of the Niagara River, the navigation by the Welland Canal will be opened a montli earlier every year. However, there can be no ddubl there will be. In a few ye;;vs, from an extent of ,')(),OtMI,(KM) acres of land, which Is situated on Lake ICijc, aiul tile waters aliove It, as nnuh as both those ch.innels cm convey. 'I'he American Conniiis>ioners have alreails reconnMcnded niakhiji a lateral canal, adidinliiL; the eastern part of the Erie Canal, from Utica tu Albany. The river St. Lainence, which connects Lake Ontario with the ocean, Is navigable for boats, between I'rescot and Montreal, a distance of l;i(> miles; although very dlllicult and tedious to ascend, from tin rapidity of the current. The Kideau Canal, now ni operation, and, intended to coinieet Lake Ontario with the St. L.uirence, •it or l)elow Montreal, will avoid the obstrnctions in that i)art of the connnunicatlon. besides being entiii l\ within oiM own territory. The St. liaurence will soon be made navigable between Prescot and Montreal, for vessels drawing elj^hl feet water, tlverebv coiniecting an extent of waters eiptal to the whole extent of >^ea coa-^t on the Atl.nilii- Ocean, bordering on the United States. When on Lake Ontario, we have I'.M feet lockage to the sea, by the St. Laureie.e, and ."»7 I feet by the Hudson, to New ^'ork; oiir ii.itural advantages are therefore apparent. Sliip- of any moderate bunlen can approarli Montreal; ;nid a vei-y gr 'at jioition of the exports ol .til those v:ist and fertile coinitries, both Hrltr-li ;uid American, r;iplilly Increasing in He;dlli and number^, will pas', by tliis channel to the oce;in. Since the construction of the I'.rie canal, the .Vmerlc;tns Inive diverted almost the whole trade of the western country to the port of New Ydrk; the advantages they have gained by this connnunicatlon will be seen by the following prices now paid for transiiortation per ton from the United Kingdom to Lake Erie; — 2 005423 •r Ttti KT. r.AUREiror. Mile. Londdii to Montreal , g goO Moiitroal to Prescot, rivi-r navigation 130 Prescot to Niogara Peninsula, lake navigation 270 Portage and boatu over Penwisula to Lake Erie 36 BY Tin: WAV OP NEW YORK. Miles. London to New \ ork 3 2OO New York to Albany, river navigation 1 50 Albany to Buffalo, lake or canal navigation, at tlie rate o( 1 Jd per mile toll, and Id. per mile transit ,1.50 £ a. 1 2 d. 6 i 1 U 18 1 13 y £7 15 3 X ». 1 2 d. 11 a :s 7 a £5 2 .) I i The superior facilities of Canada for canals, if we will avail ourselves of tlum, must soon enable us to re- gain thi.s trade. AVluii tlio (jroposed communications arc tluMc opened, the cost of transportation for tht same voyage will be a.'^ follows : — UV THE WAY Of NEW VOUK. f. ». d. Present Price 5 > y .Saving by the Welland Canal , i ;( .r, ;) 18 10 BY THE ST. r.Ai:KENli:. Present Price ^ 1 ^ ^ Saving by the Welland Canal f 1 ) ,-, ^ Saving by the St. Laurence, when navi^.-ible j 1 ■ 4 16 f> »' 18 9 A Calculation of the Freights and Tolls for Exports descending, will make the advantages of the Welland Canal more obvious. FROM I.AKB HRIE TO NEW YORK. £. 8. d. Present Price g jj Saving by the Welland Canal l.*; 1 a 5 ry FROM LAKE ERIE TO MONTREAL. Present Price 3 1 1 ,5 Saving by the Welland Canai £1 13 « .Saving by the St. Laurence, when navigable 10 11 2 I .5 CI 7 I Besides the (lifK-rmcc of trans-shipments. The political and commercial advantages which must result to the British l^npire on the completion of the canals in Canada arc great. The St. Laurence throughout its present navigable f .May, 1828. aiK,_Weliav.-, witliiimcli attintmn ami interest, examined the documents you have laid before us, relative to the Welland Canal, now in progrt'ss in Lpper Canada, and which is intei.ded to connect the Lak.-s Erie and Ontario bv a ship navigiition. ' " With respect to the great importance of tins nn.lortal rcsnlt from its completton. there can be but one opinion ..mong persons who will thcronghly .nvestigate the subject. •■ .,rcat extent of shi;-, navigation in the lakes, above the Falls of Niagara, upon the sane level, nmst always " ""?'' "'' ''"■ l>'"-''-':ts of that country to vessels of considerable burden ; for, whenever this is pifllkea- '"'■ i'mc 10 other mode of transport can compete witli it. Jam. .uesc prodnctions are conveyed 120 milt-s nearer to their market, even if delivered at Os- r'ork, . .iles, if mten.hd for the St. Laurence ; ami as this, when the goods arc once embarked with 1. •