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Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dvre filmte d des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6. 11 est filmi A partir de I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 i MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHARi (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 2.8 3.2 us u Hi u I 2.5 Z2 R^ ^ Ao Hill 2.0 !8 ^ /APPLIED INA^GE Inc SS-^ 1653 East Main Street ' r?jS Roctiester. New York 14609 USA j— - (716) 482 - OKD- Phone ^S (716) 288- 5<89 -Fox p .iaa^ REPORTS ON WINNIPEG ^ PAVEMENTS ... I r in CONTENTS. Page Introduction . Winnipeg Macadam Soecifications 2 Asphalt " Extracts from. .. 4 Report of Mr. E. P. North on Stone and Specifica- tions „ Report of Mr. A. W. Campbell jj Report of the City Engineer on Mr. Campbell's ^^o^' 26 Introduction, As the subject of street pavements is (ine of ^n-eat interest to the public of Winnipcfr, and as tiu' publisiicd docuinents and statements relative to it are difficult to procure, it has oc- curred to the undersij^nied tliat these reports, collected and published m pamphlet form, would he useful to those inter- ested m the matter and would assist the public, in view of the aj,ntation now beiui,'- raised, to tmderstand what has been done and the present position of our street improvements. While admittiu},^ that our macadam has not been a perfect success as a pavement. I think it has come up. fully, to the ex- pectations of those who, understandiny- the difiiculties against which It had to contend, advocated its use. Its cost has been very reasonable, and its improvement, as extensions of pave- ment take place, is very api)arent to those who use the streets. The construction of macadam has been in accordance with the most modern and approved methods; and the best material at hand has been used. The report of Mr. E. P. North, of Xew York. \'ice-Presi- dent of the American Socictv of Civil Engineers, a well- known author and expert on macadam road construction, bears out this contention. It is to be regretted that ^Ir. A. W. Campbell. Road Commissioner of Ontario, who marie a flvin^- visit here some nionths aijo. and who has now sent in a report on the lines in- dicated M'hen he was here, had not made a deeper studv of and obtained more reliable information with reference to' the matter. In the Annual Report of the Citv En.srincer for 1S!)S I say: To ensure the success and pcnnancncv of macadam ^_ pavements, they should he protected from the stickv mud ^^ of unpaved streets and lanes. It is clear that this can be ^ done onlv by covering- all the streets and lanes in the thicklv ^^ built up portions of the Citv. The streets are beintr paved ^^ as fast as can reasonably be expected. No provision has however, been made, except in some special cases, to pave the lanes." The same remarks, though not to so jrreat an extent apply to-day. H. N. RUTTAN, Winnipeg, 20th Nov., 1000. City Engineer. Winnipeg Macadam Specifications. specification for Macadam Pavement. to >i„,c b. .icaU:iV;\i,,rE';,gi™r'°" ^^ "^^ '"■" '■"-■ broJ,":.;',™"' it gravd'"rs.:;;i' '"f r'^r" ^-- - diameter. ^ ' "° '^°"^ ^° ^e less than -| inch in selected blocks of liSone „ot S ?San I' ■''T'''''''^ ^' than 2 feet in lensrth anri Lf ? ft J". ^ '"^''^^^ o^ more a bed of gravel 6 fncheseen 9.' '^" ^'""'^^^ '" ^epth, on self-face Sr bed of the stone^h..t [ ''^! °^ ^""'•' ^^ones to be broken stone, which when hml^^r,. T .? , , ^ ^^^''se of in depth at the centre d"mTnthh."l'°.''-^\ ^' ^ '"^hes The stone for this coursr half bf h.rH T^"' "* '^^ ''^''■ rock of satisfactory qua htv dean ^h f ''"^f ^°"^ O'" other stones shall, as ne/rly^ as ^stS: a^p^IST /rbetVort 1*1 8 and shall be in size sucli that they will pass through a L'i-inch 'Pile stone shall be raked into an even layer, aiul shall then be rolled until the whole is thoroughly consolidated and brought to a smooth and even surface. The rollhig shall be continued until the stone has stopped settling and is of an even surface; if any settlement occurs, fresh stone shall be added, and when the rolling has been completed the stone shall be at the exact grade 'determined upon for the surface of the layer in (lucstion The surface stone shall' be laid, rolled and deficiency caused by settlement shall be made up in the same way The contractor must determine what extra allowance he shall make for settlement, as he will be paid on surface measure- ment only. The second course of hard hornblendic schist rock of satisfactory quality shall be .3 inches in depth ; it shall con- sist of stones 14 inches and under in size, and shall be thor- oughly rolled, as specified for the first course. After thorough consolidation, this course shall be covered \vith hue limestone screenings, or sand and gravel, which shall be thoroughly rolled into the interstices. When the nave- mentjs completed ^ inch of fine screened gravel is lo remain on the surface. The watering and rolling to be continued till the street is of smooth surface and watertight T i^i"'''."]^ '^ *° ^'f ^°"""' °^ limestone to plans provided. Length of blocks to be not less than 1 foot, thickness inches, and depth not less than 10 inches. Rlocks at curved corners to be of selected stones of not more than 1 foot in length fin- w?th .f T f \^' I'^'^f ^'* 'J°'^^'- ^^^ ^"'■l^ «h^" '^<^' 1'acked with earth, levelled and graded. Stone will be supplied by the City to the contractor, and follows -^ ^^""^^ ^* '^"' ^"^ ^^'-'^'■S^^l ^s i Curb stone, per lineal foot, on street «o jg Broken limestone, per cubic yard, on cars he; - . '. ". '.'. l^io Broken hard stone, per cubic yard, in crusher bins here." 3.25 Gutter stone, undressed, per cubic yard, on cars here. . . 2.75 . Contractors to tender for the work complete, City supply- ing and dohvenng stone as above. Separate forms of tender th" S'clp/ete"^' "" ^°"^"^*°^ '' ^° ^'^'^ ' P"" ^- Extract from Asphalt Pavement Specification. specification for Raihvay Track. This tre.K-1, V nvcrt-. , , ^^ 'T'' "''*-* "^ ^he street, lion to this rai Le t Lh ti^e r ''7'\ ^^''''- ■ ^" ^'l'''- tional iron' wk rSe^'^f^^ ^^ ''"\ P^^''^ -^ addi- scoria blocks '^'^q""^^^'' also ties and paving l.ricks or All old- stride"; :;,rx r,^a rsi-re^ s °s, ?,;?'"-;• o rcn,.im the property of the Stree" RaiS v r^ ll "* nudeY,;'^,fLn'L:™ r ■/'He7rret°V''' '""■*"°'' -'■' asplialt fo„,„latio„ ,■ "™ I," |4 *„?.'" i' 'V''f"=^tion for **. e.,. ,o a .L^„Ter sXe%:S-,f.^f- eer, M.ffieienHvT'fhiir'^f'H ""'t" "' "'= ^ty En^i,,- thereon, and b^sh. to a ine ptallef SS T"" '°. ""= '»"' tpiir of the finished pavement "^To in Jrf "."™*'' """ line, wooden templates of l?e reotds te i„ '?"'' "' "'i' .o be t,sed at distance, of sa.TS fpS/.ht sanTbe.^^ struck off fluslj by a straiglit edge a.ul rolled with an ap- proved hand roller. *^ The pavement blocks (scoria or vitrified bricks, as may be deeded by the VVuimpeg Klcctric Street Railway Co.) arl- to be laid immediately alter the sanding 1 he pavement blocks are to be laul quite close '• block .nn\ 11 '" '"'■' ''^ "^^''^ ""''^^''^ '" "'^' >•'»'» I'ftween the san e and lengthwise parallel with the rails ontside the same. At the ou side o rails the blnd - "•-^ "-•• The 1| inch spaces are to be filled in up to i inch below a 1 level with cement grout, as described hereafter, outside n uffh ;i ' '^'"''' '^^t^^-^^» ^v<^l' and bricks is to be flushed np with the cement mortar described in asphalt specifications. Ihe blocks are to be carefully beaten down upon the sand with sr,i,are, wooden-faced beaters of not less thin 12x12 mchcs surtace, to the exact form of cross-section and camber required, any irregularities to be remedied by taking out or filling in sand as may be required. s >• "> When the surface is of form satisfactory to the Endn- rmpUH.Tp^f°V^'"^ composed of one part of approved quality of Portland cement and three parts of clean sharp TdlJnf. '" P""'"'^ T''^'' ^"'"^''^'^^ ^"^1 immediately br2 ed into the grooves and joints with suitable cane brooms The grouting IS to be filled in "twice."' the first fillip uo to surface""" " "'^ ''^'' "^ '''' '^°^'^^' ^'^^ "ext up to' the K« V-'' "l^""^'' Of "I'^'nff a'lfl applying the grouting is to be subject to the approval of the Citv Engineer Hon n/fP° rv"'r ^ -''^ pavement are grouted to the satisfac- lon of the City Engineer, a layer of sand not less than i inch pavemen"''' '' *° '^'"'"'^ °''''" *''" '"'^"''^ ^"''^^^^ ^^ the i,.^/^'"'''i'°'"*'?"' °^ !l'^ pavement when completed are to be kept closed against traffic for at least four davs, or such long- er period as may be required by the City Engineer. ii miM 4 Report of Mr. North on Stone and Specification. (Copy.) City Engineer's Office, Winnipeg. Man., IGth July, 1900. E. P. x\orth, Esq., C.E., V. P. Am. Soc. C. E., 220 West 57th Street, New York, N. Y. . Dear Sir, — I am instructed by the Council of th^ rii c m^t- ■ to forward you samples of stoneiul ^ °^ Wnnupeg $2.75 per cub f vard hnH . '' f'^ '"'''' ^^''^ ^»^' ^He trap We w^Jl i;'^\.^rl;p!; •:!;J'^^'^^^' ^" ^^^^°- ^^ ^l. trac^ work':pedL!r ''" "''^''■'^^' ^^ ''''' '^•-' -^ «tone for the by pa'"d'*ost ' "" """" ""'""' '° ''"- '"■"" ='"' 'o you Yours truly, H. N. RUTTAN. City Engineer.. (Copy.) ind uly, 1900. k'Vinnipeg on to let Lirposes. the trap lie track. ' for tlie ; surface ring and n ^''''°""t, if there is might be advisable to keep aT muc loT./LT'?"^ ^^'''''' ''' tween ]J and 2 inrlip« J; ? , , °^ ^'^^ broken stone be- haulingdhe streets P^^^^icable, if there is much heavy mainSra,fe":,;oulTt^'smaT;" "^r^'^S^V'l ''^ ^^^ of but the dust will not be nt. hlv • "^'^ ^^ '^"^^ from it, fabrics. Excepi the item nf^ "V""°"' *° "'^her colors «; preferable to the limttone """' '' '''""' '" '^'^y ^^^P^^* Your letter asks about trap The ^iamnUc trap, as the term is understood herV t>^ ! '^"^ are not will not bind as well as ho HnH ^- ^^'^ '^one submitted well. I have writTen oi, Z f^"^^°".R'ver trap, nor wear as letter and thXaZZ^: :XTo1Ze''' ''^ '''' °^ ^^"^ synonymous terms. ^he specifications were a soSStfttli^Sf ?^^fi„i,*^^'^;^ y- would have bornblendic schist but L . ill '^'*'! ^^-^-^^^ings of the stone is probab V 'transportation. T.^ °^ '^' ^°^t of tliat cost abou\ as nnicl a^ K oken'stn ''.'''"'""il^^^ "^'^^t If the substitution would navntlf' tS"'^>' ^" ^'°"bted tions to make. ^^' otherwise I have no sugges- Answei-ing your questions :— • -aca'L'^eit,':;:7n'to"wn oT''^' T'' ' ^"'^^^^^ ^^one for brittle and will hinVwd The", -''/' '' '' ^'^"^> "^^ very its kind, and for ^eis^S m^iilLll^nCe!--!-!^! My tage, except its cheapness; coi. .vailing which is the greater cost of maintenance. 2nd. The sample of rock sent to me, a hornblendic schist, seems to be a better stone than the average used for macadam. It is not so strong and tough as either Hudson River trap or Guernsey granite. It will not bind as well as Hudson River trap, but I think it will bind better than the Guernsey granite. 3rd. The advantages of your stone are covered above. The selection made must be governed by comparing the money available, both at present and in the approximate future, with the length of roads or streets to be macadamized, points on which I am not informed. Yours truly. (Signed) EDWARD P. NORTH, Mem. Am. Soc. C. E. SSmmimmSmtm 10 (Copy.) Office of the City Engineer, Winnipeg, Man., 3rd August, 1900. The Chairman and Committee on Works. Gentlemen, — I enclose herewith report of Mr R P Nnr.u a.- \t%nu'- "^^ ^■' °" ^"'^ "macadam pavement '' ^'''■ kinds' 7 srX"o\eTof'tr"'" " ^^^^ ^'^-ent our present street at 77/c^ ''^"^' ^^''^' '^^'^'S the cost of tre, S iTcht oT:an""of T'" '' '''''' ' ^^^e^ - -n- Present specificatrn ?7|c " '"""'"^'^ ""^^'•' ^^^■ ^ton!^i^^l^''^ ^'''^'°" °^ ^ -'^hes sand or or sS^i^^ Tni^rf rS ""^^^ '^^^ °^ ^"^ constructed. It „o ,lZ-h, T H u ""^ Pavement as now "•ere reduced to 5 and 7 iSl *" "=""'''^ "' ">= '°P '"^^^ road* mw^Ts'ree'^L'!"?,^ --"™™<>a.ion tl,a, the stone is crashed here their ^°"'W«'*c schist : As the onr s'pedStions'""^ °' "" '*" '° ^r. North and one of Your obedient servant. (Signed) H. N. RUTTAN, City Engineer. 11 Report of Mr. A. W. Campbell To the Chairman and Members of the Public Works Com- mittee of the Council of the City of Winnipeg. Gentlemen, — In response to your letter from your Chairman to the Honorable, the Premier of Ontario, asking that I be permit- ted to visit Winnipeg for the purpose of consulting with you in the matter of street improvement, it w^s my privilege to visit your City, and in compliance with your request, I beg to submit the following report: — In company with your Committee and City Engineer, 1 looked over the City, studied the improvements being made in its rapid development^ considered its location and sur- roundings, so as to judge somewhat of future requirements, that I might suggest the pavements that will be consistent with the City's demands. I made an examination of the nat- ural material available for street improvement in the vicinity of the City; the manner and methods of preparing this mater- ial and applying it to the streets; the nature of the soil and facilities for drainage. I cbserved the different classes of pavement being used and the manner in which they have been laid; the traffic of the City; its trend, concentration, and distribution over the streets. In every particular it appears to be the aim of your authorities and the citizens to provide the most durable and substantial class of improvements within reasonable limit of cost; and they are building not onlv for the present, but for future requirements. In public buildings, places of business and residences, modern design and good workmanship have been employed. In the matter of street improvement it does not appear as if the same sti'dy, care and economy have been practiced; but, on the contrary, much inferior and unprofit- able work has been done, and I would suggest that the ques- tion of street improvement, which is possiblv the most im- portant public work with which your Citv has now to deal, should be given very much closer attention. Business me- 12 ">8- the most suitab ? das nf^ '"'""'' "^ ''^^''' 'P^^^h- Plans and specifications or tl? ^.T""''"' ^"'^ '^^'^J^' <^a'-eful should be prepared hi aectdane>T'"/ ^^'"^'^ °^ paven^cnts tice, tlie best metiio s of t^,e,V l "''^ • ^^'^ "'"'^ "^o^ern prac- Ployed, skilled over eers shod fTe '' ^''".^' ^'^°"^^ ^e' em- caution taken to secure en ,' '"?^^'^' ^"^ ^^^^-y Pre- dollar of expenditure f! ^'""""'^ '"^'"^^s for every profitable to^he iTepaye sS oT ^ ""' ""^^ "° ""- there is no public wo^rk -hat e eivesle^f ^"^P':"-^'"^"^, and tion, and upon which there i<=m ? genunie considera- Street-n.iking, unlom , t ;"riooTedT"" ''^'l''''- very commonplace problem f^ ^ "P°" ^^ b^'"? a done must be an inrovem^nt tl L'^lnf r n ''''' "^^ "«'•^^' quired in connectioA with the worV % " "^ ^'"^'^ '^ '■^- of money is required every vear for ' -^^ ^ ""^'" ^"^o""t part of the nuuiicipal tax ,vS H "'^'"V^ '""P^''"^' ^^at it is ""ally, and from wl ic'ri tt ' ' '7''°^^' '""^' P"-"^'^'^ ^n- every municipality an exan.f- 'f , ^^P^^^^ed. I„ nearly to the people' thai streets anl"dl ""^''^ ^>^Penditure reveals s>ve pubn-c works to ml ,4" ^af.'' '' ''''''■''' ^"^P^"" work, where^t soill'faS?" "^P^"^''^"'-^ °" ^-^P-ary Winnipeg this is a lifficult and';/''"' \^°°^' '■"^"^^«' but in to the peculiar nature of' le nil """^f ''°''''''^ *^^'^' °^i"? tarn your earth streets shouhi,' '°. '^* ^"^ ^^^^t to main and substantial worr^houS^t'b'e aim°ed a^rS ^""P'-^^-d- This sod, however, when jrv 1 . ^' P°'''''^^- pleasant road, supports traffic and re i/.""^' ^"^ "^^'^^^ ^ able des-ree, and in the .ubst.n.- f ' '''^^'' ^° ^ '•^"i^rk- ■ street one point to be c ose y 2 'V •"P''°^'"^^"^ ^^ yo"'" dation material and keep ' t dr, >^ '- '° "''''" '''*' ^°""- better foundation for pavement; ° n'',!' '?"^ ^^-^^^ed no providing a system that willZrouH?! ^' '''^'- ^'^'^out ed this natural soil it wi I „ ^, ^/ '''■'''" ^nd keep drain- And it is surpritinV o f^clharC h' '° -ake good's treet . t«nt,on to this important prindple "°' ^'^'" '"°'-^ ^t" ?ood':Z;tf i;'d" l,a^" si;t"a'c^^^ ^2 f^ ^P-^--^ o^ >n? pavements crediSi ' h- r /"''"t'''" ^P'"* '" adopt- your streets and the great cost oWw T^"" *'^^ ^^"'^'^b'of great cost of the higher classed pave- 13 merits is considered, it is at once apparent that your people are anxious for the best. That you should have adopted as- phalt wood and macadam, is an indication that your ideas are along the right line, but on examining your work it is clear that these ideas have not been carried into successful practice. Ihe people are not receiving what they should rea- sonably hope for from their liberal expenditure. In their anxiety to get out of the mud, almost any kind of pavement may at first seem an improvement, yet the efifect of inferior work will dampen their enthusiasm. Expensive repairs and reconstruction following, will prove disappointing and bur- densome. They have a right to expect better results. The cedar blocks have been laid in the usual wav, and so tar as this kind of pavement is useful, have given verv good service. In laying asphalt, much skill and care are re- quired, and a full knowledge of how the material should be nrt '';,' '''^'- , "^^'T '''''' "-^''^^^y ^^^^^^ have t be be con td ' ? "'' °^ '^'' experience of other places should be consulted. To secure an even and uniform surface, the foundation must be tlioroughly drained. The present ap- pearance of the asphalt pavement indicates that viu are com- mencing where other cities have ceased to experiment. Tn laying ot this very sensitive and costly pavement, drainage has been overlooked. Asphalt has been laid up to and be- ":: i.as^iS!;.H;^:^ "^^" '''-''' ^ '--'- '^'^^^ ^^^^- trPntS"""fv, K^ i'""'* ^^''' ^'^'' ^ ^'^^^ "^^''V Streets were Zrllf 1 '"'^l" ''°"'- '^hese were chieflv residential ^t^ ^°"',P'r °^ "^'•'•°^-i"ff the roadways, boulevard- mg sodding and placing sidewalks, is in accordance with ance of the property, the streets, and the Citv generallv. This class o work should be encouraged. The i^ofdwav has been stonT'l ' r^ P'^'^f ^^ '," '^"^^^ the usual wav. and broken stone has been used as the paving material. But the road- way s in many respects a striking exhibition of bad work- E orovld^Vr^T^''' "''''^"^''''; ^"^ P'-^P^'- f«""rfation has f,^'"f°'''\^^hy drainage, much n.aterial has been used that crowned''^ ""''"^- ^^ °^ '^'' ''''''' ^'^ sufficiently crowned many are irregularly crowned, and in places the been ? ", ^''/^f'"", ''^'" ""^^'"^'- ^-"fficient material has been used, and this has not been properlv bonded. The prin- ciples of proper construction have not been observed in plac- mg the materia s. The ^--p of th^ r*-,,-^,-,-- ♦■ • . ' '^^ ±i.c ...,,e oi tne paveniL-nt is sou stone, liili HMI 14 sliniilrl K« 1^,- I 1 ^! . . particular class of pavement any part ^^^f ,°a work n,/° '"/' »1 '" ^ '">='=« '"■■ vvhlTwa""' '"^ "'■'^f - order p™LSjr,Su;r'L' equipment anc" doef it work J/J^Z"^ '''"'^ *° ^ ^" '^eal rial it a very reasonable^n . ^'^T'?'''^'' P'-^Pa""^ the mate- to be found 'a w mfle 'east of tt pf '"^"^''>' "^ ^'•^^^' '^ liffhtlv travellf^rJ L? f lu? "^ ^'^J"' ^"^ on some of the crusher %vere plaSd ^n 1 ?. f ''"''' P"*"™'''- "a !:] 1& brought by rail from the vicinity of Rat Portage, and used as a hght surface coating. This is not a first-class road ma- enal. It is not worth what it cost the City. If material is to be brought by train for a long distance, granite and trap rock, which can be secured in large (luantities in Northern Unt:\rio, would prove a more profitable investment Artificial stone walks are being laid. This material should take the place of plank as rapidly as they are being re- newed In laying these walks, porous tile, about 4 inches in hameter, should be laid in the foundation to prevent the frost from distorting the walk, and in time leaving an uneven surface The omission of these tiles and a lack of a stable oundation ,s now noticeable on some of the walks already aid and the injury will increase. The laying of these drains IS ot an expensive vvork, being about 4 cents per lineal foot, and IS a very valuable security to the efficiency of the work. Classifying the streets and determining the pavement for each is a matter of very great importance. A well laid gra- vel roadway costing 50 cents per square yard may be just as erviceable and as efficient on an outlying street as an as- phalt pavement costing 13.00 a yard would be in the central part of the Citv% But these again, if interchanged, would be entirely out of keeping with the traffic and surroundings A classification wisely made, would tend to secure suitable pavements throughout the City, and would influence the ratepayers in petitioning for such improvements. If, how- ever they should desire and are willing to pay for a more costly pavement, it could be granted. ...l/" ''^^'fy}''S streets and determining the pavement for each, many things must be taken into consideration in order to make them harmonize with the locality, requirements of n^t: ^''T? "^^ '^ *'^- '^' P^'^P^''^^' "^tc. This matter re- quires careful consideration. QUALITIES OF PAVEMENTS. The desirable qualities of a pavement are :— 1. That it afford a pleasant and secure footing for horses. 2. That it be smooth, so as to render travelling and trac- tion agreeable, easy and noiseless. s ^t u udc 3. That it present a good appearance. 'h ' '"= subjected tS slow'tteaX? r':t trri;iv';'tffic *'f moderate trafBc. Owinif to it« ni,iZ? ■. '' . ' ""^ '° for residential streets o,? streets suSd ' 'VT f''"^" ^rt^i^rt'r^e „=■;:-€' ??r\ --■ '-" - ASPHALT. 17 While mucli is to be said in favor of aspiialt, it is not to be consiclered faultless. It does not atfonl a good footing for horses, it is dusty, it is dilticult to repair, or to relay after the street has been excavated for the purpose of layuig sewer connections, gas or water services. It is expensive, and for that reason alone, is not vtry acceptable, except where pro- perty is of a proportionate value. The materials of whicJi asphalt pavements are composed may be either natural or artihcial. Natural asphalt is obtain- ed by grinding to powder bituminous limestone found in lexas, Utah and elsewhere, or the bituminous sandstones tound in California, Kentucky, Texas, etc. This powder is then heated until soft and is spread while hot on the roadway. 1 he chief source of artificial asphalt is the Island of Trinidad, W.I., where crude asphaltum is obtained. This is rehned and mixed with sand and stone dust; is heated and applied to to the roadway. The artificial roadway pavement is com- posed of about 90 per cent, sand and 10 per cent, bitumen, so that the quality of sand used is nearly as important as that of the asphalt proper, and with the abundance of first-class sand at Lirds Hill, i\o. A 1 pavement of this material should be laid. Underneath the surface layer, which should be about j inches thick, should be a foundation bed of concrete G inches in thickness. A 4-inch base will be found too light for the traffic of such streets as Portage Avenue and Main btreet. . Owing to the skilled labor and machinery needed in lay- mg this pavement, it is found most satisfactory to have it laid and kept m repair by contract. When properly laid its dur- ability cannot be questioned, but there is some difficulty in surrounding a contract with such safeguards as will ensure hrst-c ass material and workmanship. A reliable company should be employed and the maintenance of the pavement guaranteed for fifteen years, which is its estimated life A common guarantee is for a term of five years, but this is not sutticient. Breaks in asphalt pavements must be immediately repaired, otherwise moisture enters, causing rapid decay VITRIFIED BRICKS. Vitrified bricks are difTerent in composition and manu- facture from ordinary building brick. Thev are made from clay, shale, or a mixture of the two, wliich' is heated to the 18 elscvlK e Theie i ^'7' '^*-'^\ ^"--l^- ^'^''-'sylvania and 111 •-xp«tisuc plant and niiicli sk.i, n InirninP- I„ bv .„r a ioirn,^;:;?^!': r'-- '""" r'''- '"■"•-'"■'•'■" ~^^ juiutt,, iiic jonits bcuig cemented or ' j^-roitted." STONE SETTS. ot tiathc. It IS, however, very noisy and is rouL^h ft i« herefore. not suite.l to residence streets, or bSss streets ana i)tav\ trafii. Stone blocks are also suitable for navinir between street railway tracks. The stone crener-,1 v , f -^ granite or trap, which few cities ca find n ,f ""'''"> /"^^J '« BROKEN STONE (MACADAM). Excavate the road-bed to the required dimensions, giv- 19 "1 <.auiecr extending cliagunallv into tl.e rua Kvav at an orTnr^ ^,„^l"^^^^^ '^'' T'''\''^ ■■"'"">>'• '■'" -»y -"^^'ttlcncnl Z S "^' ^'■^''^'' ^'" "'•'^•'' si'ital^le material. Place 'II the sub-grade thus prepared, place a siuL-le l-u.-r ,.f ake stone about 5 inches b tbickne s. Th tone is to this ad nv^.r r'\ft""^ "^'"Ps or coarse broken stone; upon ol-t' tone . ' f'^" ''""'; ^'"^■^' ^ '-'^y^^'- "f tli^ coar est I roktn stone now beuig produced by the cruslier 7 inohrs deep m the centre and 5 inches deep at the curb - d ?Irt an Ibv f" l""-'' ^^"'^ ^^■^"^''' f"""'" t'^^' catering an Ls :. n" "'S "^ ' ''"""'^r ^^''^'■'^ ^'"^ fi"^ ^^••^'^^"i"^ into a mass. 1 ass a roller over ,t three times. Upon tiiis nlace a ^f:to;e""w;"fil^''^ ''' ''' ""r'^^''^^*^ ^-'^ ^^^^-^^ IJ oTe'r tl,i ' ? ■^.^''^'^'-^•■'"S- and sprinkle as above speci- ed stone , ^'^'' ' "-'f ^' '^>'^-'''. "^^ ^he third grade of crush- e stone and cover with screenings until all the voids are filled. Then spnnkle and harrow as above specified addi^iu" ^rlac^^nade hl^S ^ L^o^ ""^''^ ''''''''^'^' -^' ^"^ the maIe[h!'shot^ll!T f 'i'' '^"'^'V'"^ ^"'"^^'^^^ ^^ i" P'-^Sress, re material should be kept moist by sprinkling, but not wet DRAINAGE. One of the most serious defects in the streets of WinnJ peg, owu.g to the nature of the soil, is the adfof drainZ' Slh^rrS^r '^''f' ^ '"^"^^ ^^ ^ood drain t Not that the shape of the roadway, the m.^.terial of whichtlie sur- 20 siler^i; .'- "'^'^^''■^:"^&^ ,f o"e of the first points to con- sulcr It IS the native .oil wliich mix... really support the weight of tralic, no inattor what material is use 1 to form "s;;"; ""io h;n"''' ^^""'' ^^^'^'^ ^^ ^^^^'-'^ -^^ "s suffide™. mt n soi i '^? °^" r '"'' ""^' >'^'^""S" «"1^-^""- If this an ; H ;' '", ■' /''■>■ ■'^^'■^t'^"' it can support any weirfit a. 1 to this cMul uiulenlrainasc is necessary. Uni^rdrairis nuy he made of common field tile. 4 inches iV h ,Tr tier's It"." n "f\"' '''' --riage-way, unVlerneTth tie g\ 1 line'' n Kl S itf ' ""'. ^ '""^ Z''':^- '^^'"^ "'^^^^''^ ^he wal - line and setuies a g-ood foundation. Iherc must be surface drainage, and for this the surface ust he crowned, or rounded up. Covered with a H 1 rface leui. and open gutters provided to carry away tli r ace tnc road. lUit a further object to be attained by the surface too tHl^fo'nr"'''"-y °I "•' "'^^■''''''''" -'^^'•^^ts ill Wiunipej^ are too flat o properly drain tlie road surface. Roads must be sufficiently crowned, must be driven i siiffiri,.„r . i shed the water from the centre^o^he^i^!^ w cr^ u'l^- ^^ any ex[ei t v th hi?' ? "'^f " ^'"^ '•°^'' ^° "'^^''•^'f^''-^^ to an.\ e.xKnt ^yIth this surface drainage. The real sc-ret of ^ood streets ,s o:„„d drainage, and gLl drainage s oh a n^ b remoynig all surface and sub-soil water as <,u cl^ly a Z Gutters and underdrains are useless, unless outlets aiv h fac most? .f''' "*\t"'""" ""^' P^"-^^^^ Avenue anarcl. With a soft porous stone such as vour limestone the vorv^n/^', Tf ^r: ^ f'''^'"^ improvement, as it would' add very much to the life of your broken stone pavements. The method of construction is, in the preliminary steps similar to ordinary macadam. The last two layers only of broken stone, together with a top dressing of fine material ^eing treated witll tar. The process of saturating the stone with tar IS a simple one. The stone is first allowed to become ose'tf/lf ' r 't. "'"•• .^'^ ''' '' ^^^^t-' •" -^"l''-'- Wl!L .1 . 'T • ^•'^ "^'"^ '^ ^'""'•^ ^" ^ P'«"l^ platform. While the boihng tar is being applied, the stone is turned mixinf ""rr' " ■''; -^'"^^'^ '" '^ '"^""^"•- -"■•'- to --"te mix ng. The mixture is then carried in wheelbarrows to the work spread to the desired thickness, and each layer rolled On the surface of the tarred stone is spread a 1-inch sur- tr:,lrfiHV"r'r'''r' 'r ^'•"^"^''' st!,ne.'which iV'roTled n iL ; ^ • A ''^''^ '"'"'■ "^''^>' ''^' "''t^i"'-^'^^- end of fifteen years it will rem ,V. ^ I °'' '^P^'"'- ^t the a square vard.^ Broken toneT' ''t'"':''"^ "* ^''^"t ^l-2'> Toronto about 90c i^^" square iZTl""?^ w"-^'^^'-^'^ ^°«t in to the accessibility of the' tone tt; /" ,^'??'P^^^' °^^'"ff 80c. per square yard. The erave rl ? '''°"'^' "^^ ^^^^^^^ cd, would cost abnn/fint .^ roadways, as recommend- with proper cat" a', camroaH^""'''^!'"^-. ^" fifteen vears, new with an out ay dur W '°\^^'^>"^ ^^ould be as good a cost. ^ ''"""§^ that term equal to the original •II '^^'", "?3eadam, costing from SOr tn «i nn will probably come unde? the^ame nl^ r "" '''"^'" ^^''d- scoria block on concrefP InJu i; ^'"''"'te setts and should require no repairs in fift. " ^'^'^^ '"^ -"^"^'"^ ^'^>-d. that time be in good condition '" '''''' "'^ ^^ ''^^ ^"^ of **»ifwi»<» ':w»< BIB»»l&; -ay rapidly, :e quickly /hich good icessary in ti this they 3 the City, sound and pavements 33 ROHLING. I instances, II, but the g in To- (Vinnipeg. ise and a The re- 30c. per It surface er square I average icceeding of which ■or $1.50 concrete, en years At the •ut 11.20 cost in r, owing : exceed mmend- n years, ?ood as original e yard. tts and - yard, end of A steam roller has been used on the streets of Winnipeg but not m such a way as to produce the best results. The roller should be liberally used on the natural sub-soil to thoroughly harden and consolidate it before any stone is applied. The sub-soil should, before any stone is applied, be brought to a constant grade by filling with earth or gravel wherever depressions are made by the roller. That insuffi- cient attention has been paid to the sub-grade is evident from ilTl ol n "f '"'^'*' °*' "^°'^ °^ the roadways. An essen- tial of all roads and pavements is a hard and compact founda- tion, and to secure this, thorough rolling, together with drainage, IS necessary. On most of your stone roads the ma- teria used in the foundation is too soft to permit rolling, and on other streets such as Clarke Street, Ellice Street, Francis Street, Gertie Street, Adelaide Street, recently paved, the ^one, instead o being thoroughly incorporated, bonded and made stable and impervious to water bv rolling, is so loose as to permit of its being readily rutted "bv wheels, disturbed bv horses feet and will allow water to enter the roadway in- stead of being shed to the gutter, which is a serious defect. SCRAPING, SWEEPING AND SPRINKLING. It is a mistake to provide for the original cost of nave- ments without at the same time insuring^the investment bv providing for their proper care and maintenance. If an as- phalt pavement is allowed to go uncared for, in a very short time an accumulation of dirt, brought on bv traffic and other means, will make it discreditable. But where these high-class pavements are laid, provision is always made for scraping sweeping and sprinkling, so that their best qualities are tl- ways fully appreciated. But tlie cheaper class of pavements such as macadam and gravel, are generallv neglected and in Zr^'^nf^l"' T^Z^^I ^•^"^'^^"^"e^l- Quite as much (ofien more) mud and filth from outside sources is carried to a mac- InT fT' ^' '•o^flway as to asphalt, and to realize the most from the investment, similar attention, though not so con- stant, should be given. Three or four times during the si°m- ^^^eener '°" T?",r '^''' '''T. ^ ''''^' ^'^'^ a revolving !Lnn K "L '^'"'"^ "''"'^ ^^"- ^"tters and catch-basins sSkIinr'T,T\f^''"'^"^^- ^"""^ the drv season sprinkling will lay the diKt and les.sen the wear. ' '! 1 ;:! i ! I' ^i i !■ Jl ] 'f ' ' i 24 11 ^r^ A STREET DEPARTMENT. h.„«^' ^^u °' '^^"^"n'c'Pal administration, Winnipeg should mMsmm tion may Te^rolided by thT?. ^ F^''- P'^" .""^ ^P^^^^^^^' man directin/thlt worl/i! k^ ^"^'"^.^'•' but unless the oftener on account of t' u'^ ''"'' "'^^'- '"*^"d^^. ^"d material employed and Let? ""^e should mspect all the construction ^ '°'^^-'' supervise the work during a department, which be on^?7oHf/'°"°'"^ °^ "''""^'"^ ^"^^ governed cities, mtt I e Sogn Ld"ToSn"l 1 ^T^^ ^^^"- are possibly two cities which hi \u ^°"do" and Toronto this respect^-n Ontar o Tn Tu m^^ ^^'^ departments in not he so mucl tol^crease t h f ^"*''r?^' '^' ^''•'^^* ^^ould produce the n.os't proSle'^e X" Srthe ^ '' ^° pended. The wisdom of a grea er oudav tn h ^""""T '^■ general improvement is best Lo^ trJhTtfxpa;"! tZhl 26 necessity for the best practise in the work which is being ouSa greatest encouragement for more general That you have taken up this question of streets for pub- lic discussion must be gratifying to your citizens, .s a liVe. intelligent campaign for the best methods and workmanship m the construction, care and management of your streets is a matter of municipal econom;- in which every ratepayer should be interested. These observations and this report is based upon my brief examination of this branch of your affairs, and I trust may be of some assistance to you in solving this vexed ques- I have the 1 onor to be, gentlemen. Your obedient servant, (Signed) A. W. CAMPBELL, Provincial Highway Commissioner. Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ont. 16th October, 1900. i I'S . ■1 i ilj Report of the City Engineer on Mr. Campbell's Report. Winnipeg, Man., 19th November, 1900. His Worship the Mayor and City Council, Winnipeg ^poSi^^>tcf-rs:^x?iS^-^^ streets. ^^^ °^ *"^ Wmnipeg mud on the exanJl^ratiSr^^rTyaXintmn '"''"l '" ^^^^'"^ ^'-^ ^is exception of visking S^ guarrraJ' T^ "^'''^^^ "^''"'^ ^^e Campbell, and havino- nhnni fi ^ • *''^ ,s^"ie time as Mr. him, I saw noth^g ?f tim He 2""''f conversation with ask for any plans spec fi?afion" ^his ly drained. ^''^^ ^" pavements are thorough- paren^^nnignSf ircSSfunlavo T'^' P'^^'^'"^ -^ ^P" characteri.e ^Mr. cL^p^Ps "repr^'^^''^?^""^' T^'f have adopted asphalt, wood anS macadan^t ari^ditS 27 "tonr wnrl. f ^? ^^°u^ ^^^ ''^^^ ""^' ^"t. On examining ^^ ^our work, it is clear that these ideas have not been carried ^^ nto successful practice. The people are not receiving what _^ they should reasonably hope for from their liberal expendi- ■'h.^\ however, acknowledges that: " The cedar blocks " Daventri ';^ '? 1^1 "'"'^- ^">'' ""^' ^° ^^' ^« ^his kind of pavement is useful, have given good service " He says that, " In laying asphalt, much skill and care "ZuuV'^' ^"^^ ^"" knowledge of how the materTal should be prepared and laid," which remark is. of course quite correct, and will not be questioned by anyone It nS be added however, that the same qualification J are nece"fy m reporting upon asphalt pavements. ^ Mr. Campbell says: "Where street railway tracks have to be dealt with, the result and experience of other •'plans should be consulted." experience ot other Had he condescended to ask in the Engineer's Denart inent about this, he would have found that th?orSinal spec fication, a copy of which is attached, required brifk between ad alongside the rails, and that the Street Railway Co were q esTand^d:-- '"aS"'""7 ""^ ^"^^ ""'''^'''^ ^' thei own ? ! quest and ris^. All work in connect on with the tracks; anH their maintenance being the concern of the StreelRa hvay Co Mr. Campbell says : " To secure an even and uniform surface, the foundation must be thoroughly draiS" . The foundations of all our pavements are tlioroudilv drained, but we find that other things are necessarv to seSS an "^even and uniform surface." necessary to secure " ,,. " ^^"^ '''"^'''"* appearance of the asphalt indicates that "pe m'e'nt^'^lTr"-^ 't'' "''''' '''''' ^^^'^ ceased to ex penment. In laying this very sensitive and costlv oave ment. drainage has been overlooked." " ^ This is another deliberate mis-statement. Our snecifica drainat"e 1^"."'' "^ ^°'"^ '''' ^"^'^ ^'^ most modSn? and ?Se"?ec!fi?at!r) ""^^ ^^^^^""^ ^"^^^^^ ^" -^ — 1- roadfand'^'r/s:'" '"" ^^'" "^ '''' ^"'^J-^ °^ --dam "biti.i^'nf^h'' r^dvvpy is in many respects, a striking exhi- bition of bad workmanship and improper methods No prope. ounckt.on has been provided by drainage much i^aterial has been used that is not worth hauling^ Few of the streets are sufficiently crowned, manv are irregXr?v crowned, and in places the surface is flat rather tln^fS li 28 ''been i?oSylS"'V^^ ''•^^" ,""^' ^"^ ^^is has not " tion have^ no^ K observed T.7^'' °^ ^'^^^^ '=°"«^"^<=- With reference to thell ^ "^ material," etc. pavement l,as been ^r ed bv' d f ' t "^""^^ °^ f^^^' ^-^'"y and by cross drains on tl'e struts ' " ""^''' '^'' ''''^' Camptll'Ser'this"?we^n'' "'^ "°' ^^'"^'^ '^^"li"g- Mr but as this was covered wTth.t ""'' ''^"^ ^" the quarry, hornblendir rock, i° will be Sund J''""^n'"f^"'^^ ^^ hard pected from our limestone ro?k ^"^^ ^" '^'' '^'■^'" ^^- confoTm toT btrp^LT f" ^"'^'^'^"^'^ — ^^ to (See Mr. E. P. North's innrf T'^ approved method., tions.) '^°'"'' '^^PO'^t on the Winnipeg specifica- inche^'lSThal bren^tu^nd^l,;? "".^ ^^^" ^"^ ^^an « ♦'V^t that it is impossible to nr . ' ''"^ ^'■'^'^'- c^-own wheels. Where Mr CamDbelf '7'" « ?'' ^"^"^ ^^^med by furface, the defec s wer7cau-rr' ^'* '''^^'' ''^'^ ^^^y'^^S know, by muddy wheels ni.Sn ^' T '" Winnipeg well vvet weather, anS "it by d ft S^in^th?fn'"°rT.^ ^'^^' ^^"^ i" all cases, remain intact undl n« o ^"""^'^tions, which, in streets, the whole of The sur L. "^ °" *^° °'- three by sticky clay on the wheel ' P'-^^tically carried away die Ar°emedy: 'T[h^7:,£t''' f'' ^"^ ^^ ^ave in- to get rid of the mud ^^^^"S'ons of pavement, in order oughJyIoSthf, ti:yXir.:,VtV^^ 'r "' -^ ^^or. approved manner. ^ ^""^ ^^^^"^ '"o^^'-s in the most "ma^r^Mv^'^e pictd 111.^'''']?' construction, "that visited Winnipeg in rmudd? .Z i^^ ^''"^^^•" "ad he no macadam can^be burtha^t l^TZu" ^°"^^have seen that wheels. I have seen mo e vaJ "ties of' ^'"^'"^ "P ^^ "^"^dy their wearing qualities thanTas Mr r^'K^'n"' ''"^^^ ^"d wLV4-mT'^^- - ^--ivf to^Sdfm-Vac^i: .n.mte.nce, will n.ake^lZTe;y%:;Ve^Xrt■ ^ in 29 maintointr^""" °^ /^''' ^''^ "^^^'^S*^ '-""^^ of repairs and iJss th^T "" "jacadam streets in Winnii^c^ has been much ii^Sai^d tS' wi;^"^''^ •" p'^^- --•> -- ^-- C-im5fir""^ to the lower formation in tlie quarry, Mr. Campbell says: " Lnfortunately. this has been vsed argely in the works of the past few years." ^ ^ stone n f hfJ?^'" f '' ""^ ''^^^ '^'''' '^'''^ ^'^ two classes of stone HI the lower formation, and that, as far as possible the soft stone was separated and wasted in the quaiTv It was ^ Mr. Campbell says: "A considerable quantity of horn- ,^ blendic schist has been brought by rail from the vicinitv of "noLtf^^' '"'' T'^ "^ ^ I'^ht surfacing coat Th7s is " tTe ^ifv if ' ?^-' ,"^"''""'- ^t '« "°t worth what it CO the Qty. If material is to be brought by train for a lontr ^''^^ •.; varying from 16 to 20 §;;::f varying from 11 to 19 r. • • • • varying from 10 to 18 P™''*°"^ varying from 5 to 17 P •• varying from 5 to 17 ^^"'^^ • • • • •. varying from 3 to 10 poor) IS as good as the best granite. ^ After quoting tlie above table Mr r^rK,<,K«n say to his Ottawa audience : ' ^^'"Pbell goes on to 30 usefulness fur ruacl.„at"g ^ vtv T"' '" ^^'''^-'^ ^Leir' .. rank ann.ng the best; wliile 2/- „?k '■^'''"^^''* ^'^^^ '^ '"^y "'ay be very poor, indeed'' ^ ' " f'"^''l"^'"tly ^-'xtolled, '■ lialiks'^sincrk^onSc-s'Vll"^ ''^^''^^'^ ^' very re- ::i"g properties. 1 difficStv "!('"'" "'^'' *"^'^ "'"-'- ''and, is tbat. vvliile v^r hard ^, L ^'''"'''' °" ^'^^ ''t'^^r '• "material, which refuses^u bind ' ' """ " '"'-■''''' ^^"^Iv ard of road-n,aking a u -that ft' ^"'"'^" ''''" o,.e stand- H'Peg he places laft in OUawa ^'' ^'''^'^^ ^''' '" ^in- ^peci^iiSrS^&^S::^-;;^-' I-ges of l^s report to works on pavements, whkh are verv f T'' '" ^''^ technical and wh.ch .-crallyVepreLrthc^^ortt'pracdcf ^"^*"^^^^' cations only i„ tl:e^ fo low .^'f;;/. ^J» our present specifi- stones IS reconunended for t w '''•, ^ '"'^'i^'s of flat o be used for the w 4rinl/ surfed" '"' ,""^ "° ^'"^'^ «'°"^ is teet, uistead of 2 feet dL h ' ' ''™"' ''""'-' to be 3 jvearniff sin-face ^^■hat 'iMr. North c-,11?^'"'? '° "^^ ^°'- ^He from experience, to be an nf ! ' ''"'' ^^'"^t we know -ys. " it will neither we^^nlll^^ S" ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ :: Ron^ of ^Sr parous lil^'tf^,/^^- ^-Pbell specifies: .. each of the curb Hnes. the e ti es to beT t"''. ^ ^''' ^™"' '•Sise'aroiiSs^--^--"-;^^^^^^^ tiles. T^he^a" Z^lttTr- '^^'^l' ^^°-- -«tead of cated directiv under he cur^ i '" '"'P^'^' ^"^ they are lo ter practice than pTac ng htf "' ff ^l^*^'"" ^his is much b t- that water froni the outsider IM ""^ '" °" the roadway so road-way on each side before retl' '° ?" ^ ^^^^ ""^eJ the 'n our svstem. the wa er irnrf. '^f,^^'^'"^- the drains, whereas at all. Jn addition totein^^k'S *" '''''' '''^ -^d-ay tem ,s much cheaper than Mr"^ Ja^pbe^,,^"'-^ "^-^"J- our sys- 81 because it : Sap r han 1?"" 'f ^'"•• '''' ••— ^ ^"'"t. well; and econd hec mt^ '' 7 ''"'"^' '''' ^^'^'"'^ ^i"'^^ ^^ ground .u-c oft r^'So Ltt^l"' "^'^^^''^«"^face of the spring. custroytd b> water freezing ui tlieni in the June^?tlfa?;fpfo thaTt?n,e?i/'^ ^"""" 1 ^*"' ^--^ '" material. ^^' ^"'' ^^ '"^'^<^ tl'^"'" of indestructible the ^l^Sshls'^t^u;^" "^ ^""^f^ ^"^ 'l-'"-' -to Campbell refer, f )f -^ Y'''''^'^" ''"'^'^■'*' '» which iMr. did ,lot ask '• ^^ '""'■^^' '^'= ^-""l^l ""t know this, as he connect%he"7av:",S'rSm!^rs'''-?,'°7 "°°^'^" ^•"•-«' -'-^ built near tlu' surTa ^?Sr!.;o" Jl * L ?^^'"-'^^'^'"^-. ^^'"^ ily renewed in twelve n,- fif^ ' "" '""^"-'^ "''^^ be read- there arc pec al reasons fo n?, ^"'''''\ '^ "^^^'^^^ary. But instead of tL and ?or niacin. 'tb''"^ '^''''\ ^'"'^^'^ "^ ^^»-' ground, in orde" that t^l^ n^f ^r^oV tb^'^'T'^ "^ "'^' water, and they are made oT unofl ? ^''^, *'^'''>' '^P'"'"^^ case demands. " ^ ^^^ ^'''^^' ^^ ^he nature of the Mr. Campbell names some streets on ,.,i,; i .i 'ng >s not as smooth as it shoiild be T. '•'"'^''/'^^ ^'''^^^'•- will be remedied as rollers c?.' - '. " ^ ^'"^'^'"'t ^^''"^^b It is found that ill fb ,1 P""""' ^™'" time to time three timef iet:" I'^^^l^^S^sS'"^ ^"^^^^'"^ ^^^° - tirel/arL^asto^tLlL'Ll'^^'^^-'^'-- ^^^P^^" ^ - and,- indeed, as to tl7e whole matter "' '" """^°*' ^'^''^'"^^^' '^ro^shcndd bf a fair :^^ :;JX'St^^^!;;Sp^7- paven'Jems lr'gS?th°atr\^^i^l^ '' ^'^^' -' °ther further thin TomnSs and th.t^ '^^^u^'"^ ^'^^^'^ "^'^^^ much higher here Even vStbT' °^?" ^'"^^ ^'"e ^^ry pavement! come well J^^ r^o^Zr^t^^' °"' -;■! !ij Mr. Campbell winds up hi, statement by savin,, • streets is a matter of n .,nt7 i management of your "ratepayer should be inteSeT' ''°"''"^^' '" '"^'^'^' '''^^ '""'self to the sweeping incorre-f « !/ ^ ^''^''''' ^■^"'"littinff port, he might have^xJn "'"a pos t^^t"?'"'' "'''^' '" '"« '"^ of value to the discussion. ^ " *° '"8^^^''^ something -ring'rp:rrs:^';rjeXff"sol"?"T^^^ ^^ "^ - -^i". enfrely regardless of th eth cs Xh , "' '° ^''^^■^^- ^"'' «« govern matters of this kind ' ^ ^onmion consent, Your obedient servant, (Signed) H. N. RUTTAN, I City Engineer. titatastataBaa