^, .^.^ w v: ^. s^ * IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^liS l££ ■^ 1^ 12.2 1.1 lit m in Ug 1 2.0 HiotDgraphic ^Sciences Corporalion 23 WeST MAIN STRKT WIBSTH.N.Y. 14SM (716) S72-4S03 A ^/ o^ '^ M^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/iCMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa Tha Inatituta haa anamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of ihit copy which nr«ay ba bibliographically uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction. or which may aignificantly changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. □ Colourad covara/ Couvartura da coulaur rn Covara damagod/ Couvartura andommagia □ Covara raatorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raatauria at/ou pallicul^ D D D D D Covar titia miaaing/ La titra da couvartura manqua I — I Colourad mapa/ Cartaa gAographiquaa in coulaur Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua biaua ou noira) Colourad plataa and/or illuatrationa/ L-J Planchaa at/ou illuatrationa an coulaur D Bound with othar mctorial/ RalM avac d'autraa documonta Tight binding may cauaa ahadowa or diatortion along intarior margin/ La r» liura sarria paut cauaar da I'ombra ou da la diatoraion la long da la marga intiriaura Blank iaavaa addad during raatoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaaibla. thaaa hava baan omittad from filming/ II aa paut qua cartainaa pagaa blanchaa ajoutiaa iora d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta, mala, loraqua eaia Atait poaaibla. caa pagaa n'ont paa «t« filmiaa. Additional commanta:/ Commantairaa supplAmantairaa: L'Inatitut a microfilm* la maillaur axamplaira qu'il lui a it* poaaibla da aa procurar. Laa ditaiis da cat axamplaira qui sont paut-Atra uniquaa du point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvant modifier una imaga raproduita. ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dana la mithoda normaia da f ilmaga aont indiquAa ci-daaaoua. D D D El D D n Colourad pagaa/ Pagaa da coulaur Pagaa damaged/ Pagaa endommagiaa Pagaa raatorad and/or laminated/ Pagaa ractauriaa at/ou palliculiea Pagee diacoiourad. stained or foxed/ Pagaa dicoloriaa, tachatiea ou piquiaa Pagaa detached/ Pagaa ditachias Showthrough/ Tranaparence Quality of print variaa/ Qualit* inAgala de I'impreaaion Includea supplementary material/ Comprand du materiel suppiimantaira Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible Pagaa wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissuaa. etc.. heve been refilmed to enaure the beat poaaibla image/ Lee pegea totalement ou partiallement obacurciaa par un feuillet d'errata, una pelure, etc., ont iti filmies i nouveau da fapon i obtanir la meilleure imaga poaaibla. Thia item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document eat film* au taux de riduction indiqui ei-deaaoua. 10X ux 18X 22X 26X XX J 12X 16X aox 24X 2SX 32X Th« eopy filmad h«ra has baan raprodiiead th«nk« to ttM ganarosity of: Library of ParliMiMiit and the National Library of Canada. Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha peaaiMa conaidaring tha condition of ttM original copy and in icaaping filming eontraet apacificationa. quality iaglMNty L'aKamplalra film4 fut raproduit grioa i la g4n4roait* da: La BibHothiqua du Pariamant at la Bibliothkiua nationaia du Canada. imagaa auivantaa ont 4tA raproduitaa avae la irand coin, compta tanu da ia condition at da ia nattatA da I'axamplaira film4, at an c ow fo rmitt avac laa eonditlona du oentrat da Original eoplaa in printad papar eovara ara fHmad baginning witli tha front eovar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or IHuatratad impraa- alon, or tho baeli eovar whan appropriata. All othor original eoplaa ara filmad baginning on tlia firat paga with a printad or IHuatratad impraa> alon. and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or IHuatratad iwpraaalon. Laa awaropl a i r a a origlnaux dont la eeuvartura li papiar aat imprim4a aoht fHm^a an eommon^nt par ia pramiar plat at an tarmlnant aoit par la da m lira paga qui eomporto una amprainta dH m pra aai on ou dIHuatration, aoit par ia aaeond plat, aalon la eaa. Toua laa autraa axamplairaa origlnaux aont fllmte an eommanoant par la p raml Ar a paga qui eomporto uno amprainta dlmpraaalon ou d1Huati«tion at an tarmlnant par la damlira paga qui eomporto una taila Tha laat raeordod frama on each mierofleha ahaH eontain tha aymbol —^(maaning "CON- TINUED"), or tho aymbol ▼ (moaning "END"), wliieliavar appUaa. Mapa. plataa, eharta. ate., may ba fHmad at diffarant reduction ratioa. Thoaa too large to ba antiraiy Included in ana axpoaura ara filmed beginning in the upper left hand comer, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framae ae required. The following diagrama iHuatraca the Un dee aymbolee auivanta apparehra aur la damiire image do diaque microfiche, aelon le cae: le aymbole -» aignifle "A SUIVRE". le aymboie ▼ aignifle "FIN". table a ux, ate., pauvent Atre filmda i dee taux da rMuotion diff Aranta. Loreque ie document eet trop grend pour itre reproduit en un aeul cHchA. H aet fHmA A pertir da Tangle aupMour gaucha. da gauche k droita, ac da iMut an bee. en prenant le nombre di m egee nteeaaaira. tae diegremmoe luiventa iNuatiani ia mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 iLOSr ESSAY H- ON THE NATIVE COMEQUJVfpS. y AND METALLURGY OFVIRON) Tin ^ Especially in connection with the Ottawa Valley. -^"^■^■*- READ BEFORE THE NATURAL HIOTORY SOCIETY OF OTTAWA, ON FRIDAY, DECEMBER 28th, 1866, BY EDWARD VAN-CORTLANDT, M.R.C.S.L., CONSULTING PHYSICIAN TO THE CO. OF CARLETON PROTEOTANT HOSPITAL AND CURATOR OF THE ASSOQATION. -•-^i^-*- OTTAWA: PBINtED AT «THB OTTAWA CITIZEN" STBAM PRINTING HOUSE, RIDBAU STREET. 1867. (.(■ ;: 1:r(' ; l.f;T 1 ' "rw. 4 NATIVE COMPOUNDS, &c. '•'\iu: is i : ;.;;fi5P:d)i7/ What grieTous deBtraotion oiigiBateR from % want of stndy of the metal that forma , ^,, ^ ao material an instrument in the architecture of both railroada and«teamboata. Indeed I know of no aubj^bt in the phTsioal aoienoea that better deaerrea the eatabliahmant of''><-"'^ an independent profeaaorahip tfaan that of Iron.— Tbkodbio Rombtk Bsox. [ ' 0—0' IMTRODUOnOK. If vre look artund and direct our especial attentioD to the comparatiTe advancement of the different nations of the Earth at the present time, we shall readily discover that their power, or their weakness, is alone to be measured by the extent to which they have turned the martial metal to acouunt. This fact admitted, the inaagaration of the Hull Iron Smelting Works, which may very shortly be looked forward to, will consUtate a great and grand opportunity, for the first time, of bringing the mineral treasures of the Ottawa 'Valley, metallorgically, in bold relief before the world. By a most laudable spirit of eoterprize a fractional portion of our inexhaustable wealth as an Iron ooontry is about being practicably demonstrated, and a new field fraught with interest and of the very greatest commercial importance is on the eve of being opened. Great Britain, which, for tbe last century has been the grand Emporium for the Iron trade of the Universe, yields her more or less impure ores and compounds from deposits of the most circumscribed dimensions, yet the collateral circumstances of cheap tabor and abandance of coal, in juxtaposition to her furnaces, enables her to monopHse altnost entirely, the iron trade of tbe world. Ab^ so long as she continues to possess tbofe great and grand essentials " BriUnnta will rule the waves," in despite of sll the powers of the Earth which may be arrayed against her. Aye, though their name be '^LegiOo.** In Canada our Iron deposits are indicated, not by the confines of a few acres of a subor- dinate material, but by vadt ineacbaustible mountaio masses, entirely made up of orsf, which in purity are little shortof native Iroo, ranging from 70 to 80 per cent of free un- adulterated metal, and where, insfosid of delv- ing deeply into the bowels of ti^e Earth and calling in tbe aid of most ex;)ensive and elaborate madiinery, we have btt^ to ditcot the simplest appliances of art to tha scarp* like face of the native bed, and at once Snd with a trifling preliminary intermediate roasting process reduce the ore to the condi- tion known as Pig Iron, and of which more hereafter, when we are desoriUng the met^Unrgio operations. IRON.— FERRUM. Id accordance with scieDtific Domenclature, when the word Iron is used it ia understood to mean either the pure native metal or wrought iron, anfinished. The ores of iron are more abundant and far more universally diffused throaghoat the globe than all other metals or their compounds, so much so in- deed that it is scarcely possible to analyse soy other inorgaoic body without detecting ferruginous indications, whilst traces of it •re to be met with almost universally in some shape in both the animal and vegetable world. Its importance in the Arts and Sciences is in every respect equal to its abundance, since no known body possesses so many and such va- rioas valuable properties fend qualities. , Not- withstanding all this, however, from the greater facilities of working gold, silver and copper in their native and unaltered condi- tioDS, it can eafiily be understood why they were j^ratijiai^ mention of in history, and in comoKtD :|viia Wpa^e (an alloy of tin and copper) used for many and various purposes of life long anterior to the so called Iron Age, the martial etymbo of which teirm had slirays to be rc(dttcei<| from its ores ooosisting ;0f,:^ ^wrbQnates and oxides. From the 4b9Prie« ; pr^QiQlgated by sundry Danish, dwedisb and Norwe^an authors, and in iMWtii'y HaVe been joined by some of the kbMit 'diningdbhed archoeologists of nortbern EmpQ/fp^tO tweotfae words of a celebrated ooniioieatator : "The first three stages in the proslfessi ,of ^ nation from barbarism to civi- li^atiiniiire as cti^Yly identified by their rdics of Mooe,' of brdnze and of^ iron as the com- paiiatiye antiqalty of fgeological strata or pe- jAi^, oftbei woDld's creation in determined by ih^ foBSifs virbich they are found to contain. lil'kDy eJMeptidd cah be idade to this remajrk iewiltaipply tolnilii^ wber^ tHe bfatek oiiJe ^irontwis worked daring the inost primeval 4M^es. . I»]5urppe it has beep most clearly fm^ ml^isffiQtorily, proveid that the Ronqans, after tneir invasion of Britain, ^melted iron ila far^e^p* iJhat the tipjected scorioe of their rude Wifld'fttl'nitfces at Dean Forest^m Mortmouth* a|pire» supplied twenty or thirty modern ;Wj9rks ;tif itb material for, manufacturing iron IQf japiva^ds of two hundred years. iFroiB the most .primitive days of iron snoeltictgidown to the c6nraapnoeroeDt of the aeiventcMth^centuryv charcoal alone was used for smeltmg purposes.; and Cambden. the author of Britannia, who lived in the time of Elizabeth, regrets, in his celebrated work, the destruction of the forests, owing to the great demand for wood for carrying on the iron trade of the country ; and even in his day, many furnaces were closed, owing to the scar- city of charcoal. In the year I6I81 Lord Dudley introduced coal as a smelting agent at his father's furnaces at Fensnet, in Worces- tershire. His improvement, however, only served to awaken the most violent spirit of antagonism amongst the iron-masters ; and a short time subsequent to the discovery, when hiii Lordship died, the secret Eeeroed to die with him. Nearly a century afterward, to wit, in the ;year 1713, Abraham Darby, an irod-ma.ster, again introdboed coal as a smelter at his works at Coatbrooke Dale, but the experi- ment again proved not only unpopular, but unremunerative, and English iron, after what was looked upon at best as an innovation of the accepted customs of the trade, fell greatly in price in the liiarket. Ab0ut the year 1750 hbwever, the metallurgy of iron was destin- ed to undergo not only a great and perma- nent change, bat one ^hicb, to use the words of a grapihic writer, " has given to iron the interest of a romtoce." We allude to the in- troductiott of Ooke, an agent to which we are more or less entirely indebted for all the wonders in conjunction with the iron trade of the past and present age. When the best description of iron is required, it can only be obtained tbrotigh the agency of wood char- coal. This fact, independent of its not con- taining any detrimental ingredients, is gene- rally supposed to be referable to its producing (he most fusible and purest slag at the ex- t)ense, however, of the largest cohrumption of fuel-^-a matter of great coasideration in Eng* land where, owipg to the ruinously high price of c|iarooal, cok^ is almost universally em- plbyied tor smelting purposes. The iron smelt- ing of Canada must necessarily be looked apqn «onver8ely ; bat even here the high price, qf labor and the increased and increas- ing price ot wood) cannot fail sooner or later to ree augmented more than 300 in 2,5QO. When reduced to the condi- tion of steel, iron admits of being rendered permanently magnetic, which quality, how- ever, IS destroyed entirely by the immer- sion of the magnetized metal into boiling Almond Oil. Melting heat of iron not as- certained but supposed to be about 1,550. Havibg now described most of the peculiari- ties proper to iron, we proceed to speak of the principal conditions under which it is found. As iron io i,ts pure native form is al- rooft entirely referrable to a meteoric ori- gin, and as \i is our present intention at fome future day to read an essay be fore the Ottawa N. H. Society on ^rofites. and in which it will be duly represented, we reserve what wa have to say regarding it, especially as it serves little or no economic purpose ; nor shall wa now, as it is foreign to the subject of this essay, which is intencted to be purely practieal, enter into any digres- sion in conoectioD with either the chemistry or the chemical affinities of iron, but at once proceed to describe the circumstances ander which this ail-important metal is met with in nature. XAGNBTIC OXIOI or IRON. Synonoms : Magnetite^ BlaeJt Oxide of Iron,' Ozyduhut Iron, OctaJiedral Iron. In pure metal this oxide is the richest of all the ores of iron, aqd the one with which in Canada we have by far most to do, its for- mula being Fb 3. 4, leaving 78 per cent of pure iron, it is this variety oi iron ore which produces the native loadstone ; it is infusible before the blow-pipe, hot is soluble in nitrio acid, and is the only ore of iron which exer- cises polaric influence. It occurs in dark, heavy masses or black octahedral crystals, and is found in tho older primary rocks, with us in the Laurentpids, which begin at Gaspe and end iQ the Rocky Mountains. The Daonemora Swedish iron produced from this ore is looked upon as the best in Eulrbpe, but there can be no sort of question that within fifty miles of the city of Ottawa we have an equally pure and rich ntaterial, which, for irea sons easily understocl ;^ wbuldbebdtternotto particularize at thia dud'yidual moment The rock formations in which the magnetic oxide of iron is found never contain coal, and this amongst other reasons, no doubt, ac- counts for the iron produced from it Iwing ever of a superior quality, inasmuch as all the furnaces have to be worked by wood charcoal, which agent as is well known does not contain sulphnr, an elemental constituent always detrimental to metallurgic operations. The Magnetic Oxide of Iron is also, and not unfrequently, found largely distributed from oceanic action in the form of Black iSand, and our friend, Kobert Bell, has been fortunate enough to obtain the title deed of a deposit of this de- scription, which sooner or later, unless we mistake, as a direct producer of Steol, will prove highly remunerative. In Yirgioia, Penntjivonia, and New Jersey, in the Deitfhboring Republic, this ore la larirely wo'ked, nod w it is this cumpouDd of Iron whioli is on the eve of brinf^infr the melallur* gic importance of the Ottawa Yalley promi- nentiy before the world, through the instru* mentality of the Hull Forges We look upon ii as being entitled to more than ordin- ary attention at our hands. ••There is," says Sir W. Liogan, "abed of Magnetic Oxide of Iron, about 90 feet thick, 00 Lot No. XI, YII Concession of Hull ; it is surrounded by QneiRs, and appears to pre- sent the form of a dome, through the summit of which an underlying mass of limestone protrudes. It is in the Laurentiao stories. The ore contains between 60 and 70 of iron. It began to be worked in 1854, and was smelted at Pittsburgh, whither it was sent by Kingston, on Lake Ontario, to which it was conveyed by way of the Rideau Canal. Up to 1858, about 8,000 tons of the ore had been thus exported, but the opening of the Newborough mine, more favorably situated in regard to the shipping port, stopped the working, and no ore is now, 1862, exported from Hull.'* This is a condensed history of the Iron bed now in process of being worked by the Hull Iron Smelting Company, and about to constitute a new and all important epoch in connection with the Ottawa Valley. I^aecular Oxids qf Iron, Synonymous with Bed Hematite^ Olightic Iron, Iron Glance, asc, &c. This ore of iron is to be met with both in the stratified and the crystalline rocks. It has a metallio lusture, is infusible before the blow-pipe, but smelts with borax The great locality of this ore is the Island of Elba, where it has been worked for 16 centuries. In our own immediate locality, it is found mosit abundantly in the Township of Mac- Nab, at Arnprior ; we have seen, also, some very fine specimens from Torbolton and Fitzroy. Specular iron ore is not so rich in metal as the magnetic oxide, as it yields only 55 per cent of pure metal. When it assumes a fibrous character it is called and known as Bed Hematite, and is generally found in reniform masses, as in Saxony and in Cornwall, and at Ulverton, in Lancashire, England. When mixed with argillaceous compounds, or other impurities, it is famili- arly known by the name of Red Lead. At Tioonderagn, in ttie neighborir)(^ Republic, it is found in considerable quauMtieg, and pul- verized and UHed as a polishing powder. Most of the plate iron and iron wire of Eng- land are manufactured from this ore. It is extensively uned in the button trade as a polisher, and the ore most in use for this pur- pose comes from Spain. The ore before alluded to as existing in MacNab Township is very valuable in itself, and every lacility for working it exists on the spot. The specu- lar oxide has heretofore proved somewhat refractory in the furnace, but the inconveni- ence is overcome by mixing with it the other ores of iron. For this purpose the magnetic oxide has been largely shipped, both from the Hull Mine.s and from Mud Lake, Rideau Canal, when an iron answering all required purposes has been the result. Bog Iron Ore, Hydrated Per Oxide of Iron or Brown Iron Ore. This ore is generally found in detached portions at the bottom of shallow lakes and morasses, thence its name, Bog iron. It pos- pesses sundry characteristics common to specular ore, and produces about the same amount of iron. It is made up of numerous aggregated fibres, and in colour is invariably some shade of brown ; it is very brittle and possesses no magnetic power. On some oc- casions we meet wish it in a more or less pul- verized condition and assuming the appear- ance of an ochre, but it differs from all the other ores of iron in containing water in large quantities, not simply absorbed, but constituting a characteristic part of the ore, being chemically combined with it in the pro- portion of one sixth. Bog iron ore is found in limited quantities in England, France and Siberia, but in Ger- many, France and Austria it is extensively worked. A» Salsbury, Conaectiout, United States, it exists to an unlimited extent, and has been worked beyond a century, and yielding from this locality alone, the large quantity of upwards of two thousand tons of iron annually. The iron obtained from Bog Ore is said to excel in toughness and hardness, and to be preferable to red iron ore on that account, whilst the purer varieties on being melted with charcoal may be readily converted into steel of nn excellent quality Bog iron is of more recent origin than any of the other ores of iron, and its deposition is goiog on cootinaally, eTen at the present time, in shallow lakes aod swamps. In the south- western parts of Now Jersey, where bog iron ore occurs in great abundance, many spots previously exhausted are explored again saccessfully after a lapse of about twenty years. And what is more cunovis in connection with it than all we have said is that it is brought to the condition in which we find it through the intervention of an in- fusorial animal called OaUlonella/erruginea. Bog iron ore is used in all quarters of the globe, generally for castings, which are said to take a sharper impression from the phos- phoric acid which bog iron always con- tains. The oldest Canadian Smelting Works are' still extant at the St. Maurice forge, Three Rivers, and the ore used is the hydrated perox- ide. The first forges were commenced by the French in the year 1737. They have since necessarily passed into other handis and an- other company has even started work in jux- taposition to the original. Both of them are said to be doing a good business. Bog iron ore exists on the Ottawa at Cote St. Charles, on an eight feet bed, lots 16 and 17, the property of Mr. B. Lancaster, from whence tois specimen comes. It is also to be met with in various other localities on the Ottawa. *' To metallurgists the good quality of the wrought iron of the St. Maurice forges," observes Sir W. Logan, ''appeared the more deserving of attention, as the ore from which it is derived, being a hydrated peroxide, is usually accompanied by a small amount of phosphorus in the form of phosphate of iron. It is difficult to remove the impurity which in too large a quantity renders ihe ore by what is known as Cold Short. It, however, serves one good purpose, inasmuch as when it exists in moderation it renders the metal very fluid when fused, and helps to give a fine surface to the castings and bring out. all the details of ornametital patterns in bold relief, whilst it does not seem to render the casting brittle, or to deteriorate its power of resiptinjf the effect of eudden heating mid cooling." The hydrated peroxide of iron ff which we are speaking is aUo found (generally in a state of ochre) in the moulds left by the de- composi'ion of shells and raadrapores, the shape of which are assumed 'by the mineral. It is also found in the condition known as Pea Iron. r IRON PTRITBS. *Bisulpburet of iron, commonly known at the mundio of miners, is found in small cubi- cal crystals in veini amongst slate and coal fields, where by oxidation and its conversion into salphate of iron it not unfrequently, by raising the beat to a great degree, causes the spontaneous ignition of the coal. It is also found accompanying the ores of many other metals and often replaces the remains of ani- mal and vegetable substances. In Terra del Fuego the natives produce fire by rubbing a piece of iron pyrites very briskly against a piece of flint and catching the sparks upon dried moss, a striking approximation to our flint and steel. Some specimens of this com- pound of iron were lecently shewn us, which were made up of small cubes, but wbl .h as- sumed the form of perfect spheres, varying very little in size. The depoisit was repre- sented as being considerable, and the proprie- tor told us that he contemplated turning this pristine material into coat aud vest buttons, an original idea to say the least of it. Gold in a state of verv minute division, supposed to be the result of solution from natural causes. Is sometimes met in conjunc- tion with this compound of icon. Such is said to be the case in some situations in the Township of Madoc, where auriferous deposits have recently been discovered. In those ca- ses, however, where gold is found imbedded in opaque quartz, the color of the matrix de- pends upon the presence of per-oxide of iron. Iron pyrites is never used for the purpose of obtaining metallic iron, but is employed in the manufacture of Alum, Copperas and Sul- phuric Acid, meiallurgically speaking there- fore it is valuele.ss. MBTALLURGT OF IRON. Iron masters employ iron under three dif- ferent conditions, viz. : crude cast, or pig iron, steel, and wrought iron, the difference be- tween which is always referable >o the rela- tive amounts of Carbon in connection with them. Cast Iron contains a larger propor- tion than steel, so much so indeed as to have been called ateelijied steel, from its containing a large amount ot carbonaceous matter, it is therefore extremely brittle, and not at all malleable. To reduce this material to the stale of malleable iron, it must be freed from the carbon entirely ; this is done by keeping it continuou.»ly in a state of funion, Rtirring and kueadioK it all tbe time. By this proo(>Bii the oxygen and carbon are oaased \fi unjtt, and are nxpelled in the form of carbo* oio acid gai ; the molten mass is then sub- jected to the action of Id'ge ponderous hano- mers and rollers, by means of which all other impurities are got rid of. The iron is now 00 longer crystalline or granolar, but fibrous and ductile, and h known as forged or wrought iron, and susceptible of being welded and worked by hammers in any form. (IllustraMon— the hammered work of the Parliamentary buildings by Midford). Tbe third condition to which iron is capa- ble of beine reduced is steel. The process it undergoes m this ca»e >t friction, will, aPer undergoing the hammer ng procet^s. be rendered susceptitle of bt-insr drawn out into long bars, and which, inH'ead of crystals.will be found to be made up of fibres jTunniuR in, *1)e direction of their length. The circomstance, howevfer. of the metal continuing to assume the fibrous instead of tbe crystalline form, cannot be guaranteed for any indefinite period. On the whole it will be found to be a material of very superior excellence, and one which cannot fail to command a hiuh po- sition in the market, and establish for the Ottawa Yalley a name and a repntation as in iron country scarcely surpassed id the world. . VI A tv'i mtmmilf-^mmm TO (BUBSUBSniLAeSID DAtan utiuil Report for 1867 "*■ Q f. tort ^.^onekUmim-M K C O N Scale 6 h Miles to arv Incky Ml ^ s 1 1 1 % 1 ^Wj MecUuTn Tides^ T\L-^ Ticinisii Riier • Buriand U&icain » C* liii" Montreal If Mighe-st SprmgTudt. Uiglu>it Spring Itdes '^ MecUiutt JfftJ'jt Jides . lELEVATION^ OF I^BAY VER ^^.■^ ^ of ^litveh bv ■ r~^ V : " Fop 8 feciy depth- Ccuta't Level aduused- try M^ Te Vor /4 feet ^ deptlv ej mf.MiKvmtn »m^tta»K^filVIUK.i»itWUigt^lim3atl(tii'Ji»u-.i-t*: mamJLfMumm ie> (SAHAIL FROM 13^^ WSISTi to (SUKIilSIIIBILAiaB dmbu RB-«ii^TAv«d to aocompany W.J.PatterBons Annual Report for 1867 o F NEW B R V OF t^BAY VERTE CAlfAL ^j or S levels hv :\^' HglL g ^ " 8 feeiy deptlv 1^ feet ^ cUpthy ' MvUa — -^S Medium Jjiies f iff ru'sli River • BurianJ Latticim » C lifli< MonttMl