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C( 
 
CONNECTICUT AND PASSUMPSIC RIVEES 
 
 RAIL ROAD 
 
 ! 
 
 
 1847. 
 
« I 
 
 (in) 
 
CONNECTICFf AND PASSUMPSIC RIVERS 
 
 RAIL ROAD. 
 
 ii 
 
 Incorporated by tlie Legislature of the State of Vermont, — authorized 
 to construct a Railroad from the mouth of White River in Hartford Vt. 
 (opposite the town of Lebanon N. H.) following the valley of the Con- 
 necticut and Passumpsic Rivers to the North Line of the State at Derby. 
 
 At the mouth of White River it forms a junction with the Northern 
 and the Vt. Central Railroads. 
 
 THE ROUTE 
 
 Of the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Rail Road for 75 or 80 
 miles from the mouth of White River, as will be seen by the accompany- 
 ing map, is more direct than that of any other Railroad of equal length 
 in the Northern or Middle States. Thence north, between the town of 
 Burke and the line of the State at Derby, three different routes have been 
 proposed, only one of which has been surveyed. The results are favor- 
 able as shewn by the map. An examination of the other proposed 
 routes may result in a reduction of Grades and an essential diminution 
 of distance. 
 
 The valley of the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers, North of White 
 River, forms the natural business centre, and the outlet of one of 
 the best agricultural districts in New England, abounding also with avail- 
 able water power to any desirable extent. More than hoenty busineaa 
 viUagea, many of tht'ui of considerable importance, are located upon 
 the immediate line of the road within the first 75 miles. 
 
 The first forty miles, between the mouth of White River and the vil- 
 lage of Wells River is under contract, and will be completed early in the 
 fall of 1848. The maximum grade upon these forty miles is 36 4-10 
 feet per mile. 
 
 This division of the rood, being in the most wealthy and populous 
 portion of ronnecticut river, north of Greenfield, Mass, and reaching nt 
 
Wells River a central point for a widely extended district, must prove 
 immediately productive, and will insure the extension of the road he~ 
 yond. Indeed the local business upon the line as far as St Johnsbury, 
 20 miles north of Wells River, is sufficient to ensure ample profits upon 
 the investment, irrespective of the connexion with the Canadian road. 
 
 ThoAortheni portion of tlie route passes through> an equally produc- 
 tive country to Canada Line, where it will connect with the St Law- 
 rence and Atlantic Railroad, leading thence to Montreal. . . 
 
 THE CHARTER. 
 
 The act of incorporation is liberal and ample. The capital may be 
 llaeiwaied to $3,000,000. Tlie rates of toll may be «ataUi«bed by the 
 Directors — " Provided, however, that the Si^eme Court on an appUca- 
 tion)&c.i may alter or establitth the rates of toll for a term not exoeadiog 
 ten yaars at any one time, and in such a manner that aaid .corpor€di9ni$heli 
 ftat tf$wtt U$a than tteelve per centum per annum.'" 
 
 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS. ^ 
 
 The following table of agricultural products is taken from the United 
 States census of 1840. It embraces the counties of Caledonia and Or- 
 leans in Vermont, and — for the purpose of instituting a comparison — 
 the county of Worcester in Massachusetts. Worcester County has been 
 selected as being very generally known, and ranking high as an agricul- 
 tural district 
 
 Caledonia 
 County, Vt,. 
 
 Nnmber of Towns, 1/ 
 
 Population, 81.891 
 
 No. of Horses, 5.8;)< 
 
 No. of Cattle, rK.6t)8 
 
 No. of Sheep, 100.88fi 
 
 No. of Swine, 18,991 
 
 Bushels of Wheat 52.109 
 
 Bushels df Oats, 342.4;W 
 
 Bushels «f Rye, 1.799 
 
 Bushels of Corn, 52.350 
 
 Bushels of Potatoes, 1.066.848 
 
 Pmmds of Wool, 183. 198 
 
 Pounds of Sugar, 665;)!>7 
 
 Products of Dairy, $21.5.377 
 
 Tons of Hay, 67.077 
 
 Orleans 
 County, Vt. 
 
 20 
 
 ....13.634 
 
 3.462 
 
 ....18.209 
 
 . .4(i.6<)9 
 ...9.7.'50 
 
 . i;j.3.30l 
 . . .2.400 
 , .20.186 
 
 ,.'>(i!).8: 
 
 . . 107..'i80 
 . .507^144) 
 $104,606 
 ...37.291 
 
 Worcester 
 County, Mats, 
 
 65 
 
 9.'».313 
 
 10.657 
 
 .67.667 
 
 26.128 
 
 >•••••■• ^o*<% / <% 
 
 375.471 
 
 84.914 
 
 372J591 
 
 1.146.092 
 
 70.059 
 
 00 
 
 $511,073 
 
 Averofie 
 valuaiwn 
 
 .$75.00 
 .$1.9.00 
 ..$l.liO 
 ..$7J00 
 ..$1.25 
 
 .35c 
 
 75c 
 
 ....75c 
 ....20c 
 . . . .85c 
 7c 
 
 .$10 
 
 The value of these products varies in tJio different counties, but ibr 
 the pwrpose of inatitiKing a comparison, an average valuation has been 
 amumed — and at the prices indicated, the county of Caledonia, with a 
 
nust prove 
 B road be- 
 Fohnsbury, 
 refits upoii 
 Ein road, 
 y |)roduc-* 
 5 St Law- 
 
 tal may bo 
 
 led by the 
 
 in appUca- 
 
 exoeeding 
 
 the United 
 a and Or- 
 [iparison — 
 y has been 
 an agricul- 
 
 3 
 
 Attract 
 vfdvMtwn 
 
 .$75.00 
 .$15.00 
 ..$1.S0 
 ..$7.00 
 , . . $ 1 tHi 
 
 .35c 
 
 75c 
 
 75c 
 
 20c 
 
 a5c 
 
 7c 
 
 .$10 
 
 es, but ibr 
 n has been 
 ni«, with a 
 
 jpopulitiQP qf ,Ali(891, and an aroa of 700 square miles, exhibits in the 
 agpwgfite »^|\wtiojai»f i$^045.306.T^|:qMal to $93.43 for each injiabitujnt. 
 
 Aod the ciQW^. of Worcester, with a population of 95.313, and ^n 
 )M«a of 1500 «qH«]^ inil<^s,« valuation of $3.458.919.— Equal to $36J30 
 forocavh ijahabitaot 
 
 It is admitted that the proportion of the whole population engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits is less in Worcester than in Caledonia County, but 
 in proportion to the amount produced, the number thus employed is ob- 
 viously much greater. 
 
 Again. — While in Worcester County the agricultural resources ai-e 
 pretty fully developed, and no considerable increase can l)e expected in 
 the articles enumerated,-^ in Caledonia County probably less than ono 
 third of the arable land is yet cultivated, and no doubt, with a Rail Road 
 communication to the markets, the time will soon arrive when these ai 
 tides of produce will be fourfolded. 
 
 Indeed, the iqcrease has already been very considerable since 1840, 
 and the capabilities of the county with its present population are ade- 
 quate to a still greater increase, if the means for transportation to mar- 
 ket were sw;h as to encourage the production of a surplus. 
 
 These remarks have been confined to Caledonia County for the sake of 
 the comparison with a well known district in Massachusetts, but they 
 are equally applicable to jthe whole region traversed by the Connecticut 
 and Passumpsic Rivers Rail Road. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Iron Ore is found at several places along the line of the route, both in 
 -Vermont and New Hampshire. "In Ptermont occurs an important bed 
 of micaceous specular iron ore, which was examined with great :<.•. — 
 The beds of ore vary in thickness, from a few inches to three or < >ur 
 feet. An analysis shows the following result. In 100 Grains 
 
 <Per oxide of iron, 93,5 Grains 
 
 Titanic acid, 3,8 " 
 
 Silica, 2,7 « 
 
 100 
 li^qual to 64,8 per cent of pure inetalic iron."— i)r. Jackson's Geological 
 RtpoH. 
 
 The Franconia Iron works, twenty miles from Wells River are well 
 Joiown. 
 
 At Troy Vt. occurs an extensive vein of magnetic Iron Ore. " It is," 
 
6 
 
 flays Mr. Adams in liis Geological report, " a nearly perpendicular vein 
 which conforms in direction to the general direction of the serpentine 
 range, and has been traced with more or less interruption for the distance 
 of two miles. It is from three to five feet wide, and does not appear to 
 be in danger of being exhausted in the direction of its length or depth. 
 In 1844, 600 tons of Pig iron and castings were made at the Troy fur- 
 nace, and machinery has since been erected for the manufacture of 
 wrought iron. 
 
 Analysis — Peroxide of Iron 81,20 
 
 Protoxide of Iron 13,37 
 
 Titanic acid 4,10 
 
 Silica 1,33 
 
 100 
 Metalic Iron 66,62" 
 
 Lime Stone and shell marl are common in most of the towns on the 
 Vermont side of Connecticut River, and extensive quarries of Lime 
 stone exist in Haverhill, Lisbon, Orford, Lyme and other towns on the 
 New Hampshire side of the river. According to Dr. Jackson, the Lime 
 manufactured at Haverhill compares favorably with the Thoraaston Lime. 
 An analysis of the rock shows 55,729 per cent of pure lime. ^ 
 
 FVee Stone. " Two miles north of Orford," says Dr. Jackson " occurs 
 an immense bed of compact talcose slate, which answers perfectly for 
 Soap Stone, and is quarried to some extent, but may by proper manage- 
 ment be made to furnish an almost unlimited quantity of that valuable 
 material." 
 
 Copperas. In the town «f StrafTord, Vt. some 2000 tons of Copperas 
 have been manufactured per annum and sent to the Boston market. 
 The quantity is to be increased the present year to 4C0O tons, and the 
 ore is inexhaustible. 
 
 Roofing Slate of good quality is found in the town of Thetford, Vt. 
 near the line of the Rail Road. 
 
 STATISTICS OF FREIGHT. 
 
 Nearly accurate statistics of freight to and from market in the towns 
 which will be tributary to the Passumpsic Rail Road have been obtained. 
 These towns embrace the counties of Caledonia, Orleans, Essex, and 
 half the county of Orange in Vermont, and the towns bordering upon 
 Connfctirnt River in the rountirs of Graf\on and Coos, N. H. 
 
7 
 
 These freights it should be noticed have occurred while the average 
 distance of transportation by teams was 80 to 100 miles. 
 
 A glance at the map will show that the amounts of freight in the dif- 
 ferent sections embraced have not been in proportion to the population, 
 nor do they indicate the relative productiveness of the soil. But they 
 are in proportion to the relative proximity of the towns to Rail Road or 
 water communication. 
 
 According to well established data, the amount of freights and travel 
 upon any thoroughfare will be immediately quadrjpled upon extending 
 to it Rail Road facilities. 
 
 While therefore this result may be confidently expected in the present 
 case, the prospective increase of business afler the completion of the 
 Rail Road must be rapid and almost unlimited, in view of the capacity 
 of the country for agricultural productions and the immense water pow- 
 er along the line. 
 
 „. , Valuation Population Tons of 
 
 in 184G. in 1840. IVeight. 
 
 Nine towns in Orange County and J 702,694,67 16,659 9,947 
 
 one (Norwich) m Wmdsor Co. $ ' ' *",^~.^ «^,*^» 
 
 Caledonia County 830,983,83 21,891 10,047 
 
 Orleans County 435,839,34 13,634 5,045 
 
 Essex County 141,835,00 4,226 952 
 
 ■.,■■. ,,-■■,'■,. , 
 
 . r ..n. 25,991 
 
 Thirteen towns in New Hampshire } 1 1 1 TO 
 
 bordering upon Connecticut river I ii,io» 
 
 Tons, 37,150 
 
 The number of passengers in Stage Coaches which pass Haverhill 
 and Newbury per year will vary little from 12,480. 
 
 The estimate of freights embraces agricultural products — merchan- 
 dise, including Salt, Plaster, Flour, &c. — Copperas, Lime and Free Stone, 
 and manufactures except Lumber. 
 
 The quantity of manufactured Pine Lumber ascertained to pass down 
 the Connecticut at Newbury and Haverhill annually, is on an average — 
 in Tons 26,000 
 
 This article is greatly deteriorated by being railed and lying so long in 
 water as is required to reach a market — which consideration in connex- 
 ion with the uncertainty of the navigation of the river, the length of 
 time required, and expense of tolls, raflsmen &c. render it certain that 
 all the most valuable kinds of Lumber will be transported by the Rail 
 Road so soon as it is completed. These statistics it will be seen'.have 
 reference only to way freights along the line, to which should be added a 
 
 ^ 
 
f, 
 
 ftirdier amount from th« *< Eastern I'owndupB" of Canadtf wUcb «rt|j 
 a considerable extent under a higb slate of cultifvatioii. 
 
 But while this local business is impmtanC attd" will' br continnalty in- 
 creasing, it will embrace bat a moiet]^ of the businesr of tho nai rn Ln H 
 itritall have fimnedsoonnexion with the Canadiatt^RaUlloads Msw'pro- 
 jeotbd'Oid in coarse of oonstniction» 
 
 The St. Lawrence and Mantic Rail Road, extending fiOltt' MOUX tM' 
 through the " Eastern townships " to the Line, is alresdy undM cdntkltct 
 from Montreal to Acton-^5 miles, and the work 6f gMding bas* bMH 
 commenced. A portion of the iron for the track has beeil puH!tiaM(| 
 and tfiis division of the road is to be completed in 1646. Th« con- 
 struction of the remaining distance to the line Will be prbitoeuted sttfif^ 
 setjuently, coincideht with the wtirk on thit^ side of 45" This St LtfWu 
 rence and Atlaiitic Rail Road is authorized to conMrUct abrttnch from # 
 point below Sherbrooke to connect their Rail Road with the citjr ctf 
 Quebec. Sherbrooke is thirty miles from the northern terminus of the 
 Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Rail Road, and the point for the ia-^ 
 tersection of the Quebec branch iti ntorly equidistaoit from Qnebeo and 
 Mootreal— about eigh^-five milei. 
 
 The country behg netely levOl, and fiiv<»«bIo for con8traottOB%i dii# 
 MUich to Quebec can hardly fidl of being built ; especially as it wili' 
 form an avenue from that city not only t6 the Atlantic cities, but also id- 
 diM6tIy to Montreal, by Rail Road. 
 
 When these worics shall have been cotnpleted it iHtt be teen Ami iIm 
 
 Connecticut and Passumpsic ftivers Rail llottd ttttkst do ait ettedshre 
 
 (Jbvt^ business to Montreal, while it will form almost a direct lind 
 
 for passengers from QOebec to Boston, and, in connexion with the liaeil 
 
 in the valley of Connecticut, to the ciQr of New York. 
 
 The amount of pleasure travel from the Umted States via Niagara 
 Falls and Lake Cbamplain to the cities of Montreal and Quebec i»veiy 
 considerable and is annually increasing. 
 
 When therefore the lines of Rail Road now in progress of Constnie- 
 tioo shall have been oompletedf it is fsaaotiable to auf^oae that either in 
 goiii§ mr returning, a majority of tins pleasure travel will pass over Ike 
 Paasaniprfe line. 
 
 Jvm 1, 1647. 
 
 
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