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S., DIRECTOR or THE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE. PREFACE. The accompanying map, cliart and tables, were produced from a collection and tabulation of the rain and snow fall records of Ontario for the six years 1883 to 1888 inclusive. All the records, when complete, of the volunteer and paid ob- servers of the Dominion Meteorological Service, also of the volun- teer observers of the Ontario Bureau of Statistics have been used, and are 135 in number. Whenever it was found that the records of a station were not complete for one year at least, or there was doubt as to their relia- bility, they were not made use of. The above years have been selected as they give a larger number of completed records than any other years. The accompanying chart has been prepared with the object of showing the effect the westerly wind has in increasing the precipi- tation on the western slope of the high lands of Ontario. THE RAIN AND SNOW FALL OF THE PROYLNCE OF ONTARIO AVITII MAP, TABLES, &c., BY HUGH -V. F^YJS^K. The necessity for accurate knowledge of the rain and snow fall of different localities must be evident to every one, especially to the agriculturist, to whom such knowledge is of the greatest im- portance. The effect of the rain and snowfall upon our crops is considerable and is a [)rime factor in regulating the price of produce. It also plays a very important part in the state of our health and the rate of mortality, and its study furnishes most important knowledge of the inland water supply, dependent on rainfall entirely. Apart from the practical value these data have for the present inhabitant, they must prove of much use to the intending settler in the selection of the locality most suitable to his wants, and will dispel erroneous impressions which have prevailed in different districts. •• In dealing with the rainfall of the province it is necessary to treat with three distinct causes. First, the movement of cyclones over the province ; secondly, the effect of locality ; and thirlly, the most prevalent winds. The cyclones which give the more general, and as a rule, the heaviest rain or snow falls are those which come from the warmer regions of I'exas or the Gulf of Mexico, and as they move towards Ontario are continually receiving a supply of warm and moist south and south-west winds. At the same time it is noticeable that higher pressure, from which a colder current of air is flowing, generally prevails to the north or north-east of these cyclones. The eo-miiigliiig of these two currents, and the upwanl tendency of the warmer air into theliigher and cohler atnios])here, often causes a general downpour over Ontario. Cyehjnes also ])ass over Ontario which come from the west and north-west, but these do not as a ride produce heavy rains in the Province and are sometimes unaccompanied by any i)recipitation until they reach ihe lakes, and even then may pass over the province without causing any precipitation. The reason is that before reaching the province they travel over a comparatively .dry tract of country where there is little chance of absorbing moisture. When passing over the lakes they liave a greater chance of doing so on their south-eastern or southern and warmeiv'jfides, where the incoming air rising into a colder altitude is deprive'dof its moisture and a fall of rain or snow sometimes occurs over the province. It is Avithin the boundaries of these cyclones from the west, in the eastern and southern quadrants, that the summer thunderstorms usually occur. These ssame cyclones on moving furtlier eastward and drawing in the humid air from the Atlantic Ocean may give heavy precipitation in eastern Canada. Occasionally a cyclone may back in from the Atlantic causing a cold rain or fall of snow in Ontario. There is also a type met with more generally in summer, a small barometric de})ression, which is of small extent and oc<;urs after a heated period during which great absor^ttion has been going on. On the southern quadrant of this depression is liigher pressure and an inflowing cur- rent of warm air ; on the north side we also have higher pressure and an inflowing current of air of lower temperature. Condensa- tion takes place and excessive local rains occur, which are frequently accompanied by thunderstorms and hail. O'n July 17th, 1886, there was an extresne type of this when a severe rainstorm accom- panied by heavy hail and thunderstorms occurred in parts of southern Ontario. Besides these general causes there are local directing causes which tend to increase the rainfall. These are the positions of the great lakes in conna'tion with the land, the high and low lands, and tlie prevailing direction of the wind. In Ontario the prevailing direction of the wind is westerly and where this wind passes over and collects the humid air of the lak^s^ the air will, if striking the high lands, have a tendency to be driven up into the higlier and colder atmosphere wlien rain or snow will l)e deposited on the western sloi)e (see diagram and map), and the air will then pass over to the eastern side as a less humid wind, often depositing no further moisture. The preci])itation in Ontario is greatest on the western slope of the highest lands, which, starting from 582 feet, the level of Lake Huron above mean sea level, rise gradually to a height of iVoO feet, this being attained in the south-eastern portion of Grey County and south-western portion of Duiferin County. The effect of the westerly wind in increasing the rainfall at ths eastern extremity of Lake Ontario is also noticeable : and there is a marked increase in rainfall at the western extremity of this lake, which seems to be attributable to the length of water over which the easterly winds How. These winds on reaching this locality, strike high lands and are driven up into a colder atmos})here. Care has been taken to check the rainfall returns from this locality, and the volunteer ol)server at Stony Creek states that he has every reason to believe that higher u)) the elevated lands the precipitation is much greater, his station being situated on the lower lands. In the north-western portion of Peel Courity the land quickly rises until it reaches a small apex 1,3*77 feet above the sea. The western winds sweeping round the southern portion of the higher land immediately to the west of this apex, seems to be the cause of a marked increase of precipitation immediately to the south- west of this point. Midway along the shore of Lake Ontario an increase in rainfall is shown, owing most likely to the humid winds off the lake strik- ing the southern slope of the high lands there, which rise in Ontario County, just to the west of Lake Scugog, to a height of 650 feet above Lake Ontario. On the high lands to the north of Lake Scugog, where the land rises 700 feet above Lake Ontario, an increase in rainfall is also noticeable. In the Muskoka high lands a similar increase is shown. In the extreme eastern portion of the province there is a marked increase in precipitation, but as there is no very marked increase in elevation here, except further to the eastward, it is probably attributable to other causes, perhaps the confluence of the two great rivers, the St. Lawrence and OttaAva. 8 Enough has been stated, I think, to prove the intimate connec- tion between the elevations, the prevailing winds, and the precipi- tation, of the province, and a study of the accompanying map and chart will show many other points of interest. It would not be advisable to draw conclusions from the scant data obtainable from northern and n'""; Ji-eastern Ontario, but it is to be hoped that as time goes on this may be done. The effect of forests as a factor in the increase of rainfall is more or less questioned, but evidence seems to })oint to the fact that they do slightly increase the rainfall. One thing seems cer- tain, they retard evaporation and drainage, and by pumj)ing up the superfluous moisture from the soil retain in the air that which otherwise would run off the ground. In denuding the land of this growth there is a far greater tendency for quick drainage after a rainfall. Not only does the land lose tlie full benefit of the rain, but a demand is placed on the water courses to carry off the amount in a far shorter time than formerly, whence may be traced the cause of many destructive floods that have occurred from time to time of late years; and if, as there is no reason to believe that the heP"\'v downpours which caused these floods have decreased of late years, as the country becomes more and more denuded of its forests, they are more likely to increase than decrease in severity. It has been demonstrated in studying the upper tributaries of the Hudson river that the summer flow of the Adirondack rivers has decreased 30 to 50 per cent within the memory of men now living. Many of the small streams which a quarter of a century ago were abundantly supplied with water during the entire sum- mer are now dry during ; ^ny months. The question as to whether the rain or snow fall increases or decreases in the province as time goes on is one that has often been d'scussed, and is of great interest, giving rise to many state- ments as to excessive rain or snow falls, also as to whether our summers are^now wetter or dryer than formerly. There are not many continuous records obtainable in Ontario covering a sufficient number of years which can be relied upon and which have been recorded by reliable instruments, but a selection has been made from those obtainable for a summary of rain and snow fall, viz.: the meteorological stations at Barrie, Stratford, Peterborough and Toronto, from which luive been oonip'.led the folloMing table of ten year periods as near as possible. In conibininc: rain and snow 1 inch of snow has been taken as equivalent to -10 inches of rain. •VRKIE, ONT. ... 3N0U-. Rain. SNo\r. Rain anr Periods. Mean rain. No. of days. 86-3 80-1 Periods. Mean Snow. No. of (lays. Periods. Mean. *l867-76 inc. 1877-86 " 18-05 in. 20-26 •' 1867-Ti') inc. 1 m77-HC. " 116-7 in. 83-8 " 73 58-9 ♦18b7-76 inc 1877-86 " 29 7 in. •.8 6 " •1868 not complete, not used. STRATl-ORb, ONT. Rain. 1 Snow. Rain and snow. Periods. Moan rain. No. of days. P--J- liZ'. No of a.iys. Periods. Moan. 1861-70 inc. •1871-80 " 1881-87 " 29-70 in. 27-07 '• 29-77 " 97-6 8;-) -9 91 8 I 1861-70 inc. 10635 in. *1871-80 " i 102-32 " i 1881-87 " 98-41 " 63-5 62-5 59-7 1861-70 inc •1871-80 " 1881-87 " 40-34 in. 37-30 " 39-61 " •1876 and 1879 not complete, not used. PETERB0R0U(4H, ONT. Rain. Periods. 1867-76 inc. 1877-86 " Mean rain. No. of days. 20-89 Ij. 22-21 " 85-4 74-2 Snow. Periods. 1867-76 inc. 1877-86 " Mean snow. No. of days. 82 48 in. 64-93 " 62-6 •35-6 Rain and snow. Periods. 1867-"inc 1877-86 " Mean. 28-63 in. 28-70 " •No. of days doubtful. ««MAST£R uwi^cftsiry 10 TORONTO, ONT. Rain. 1 1 Snow. Kain and snow. Periods. Mean rain. No. of : days. Periods. Mean snow. No. of days. 1 1 Periods. Mean. 1841-50 inc. 1851-60 " 1861 70 •• 1871-80 " 1881-90 " 33-38 in. 2S-07 ' L7-98 " 23-79 " 24-48 " 961 : 113-4 ' 1 119-7 , 115-3 ' 120-6 ; •1841-50 inc. 1851-60 " 1861-70 " 1871-80 " 1881-90 " 595 in. 630 •• 80-9 " 770 " 555 '• 46-5 65-5 75-3 72-8 710 t •1841-50 ine 1851-60 " 1861-70 " 1871-80 " 1781-90 " 39-a'J in. 34-37 " 36 07 " 31-49" 30 03 " *184l not complete, not used. With the Toronto suiumary we .are able to make use of 50 years observations and it would ai)|)ear from the record that as regards rainfall, the annual amount is apparently decreasing and the number of days of rain increasing;. As regards snowfall there seems to be no reason to assume that there has been either an increase or decrease in the amount oj; number of days of fall, but_the Jiiean total preci[>itation seems to point to a decrease. The records fror^ the other stations given above may be of in- terest to many, but it is (juestionable whether the time during which observations w^ere taken is long enough to draw conclusions from. An abstract has also been made, from the Toronto records, of the highest and lowest annual number of days of rain and snow in each ten-year period : Rain. Snow. Periods. 1. west. Highest. Lowest. Highest. 1841-50 inclusive 80 87 111 103 103 106 131 136 140 145 33 50 68 54 63 73 1851-60 " 87 1861-70 " 1871-80 '* 84 84 1881-90 " 83 11 From this table it would also appear that the number of days of rainfall is increasing, but the same is not noticeable with the snow- fall. The question as to how much rain may fall in Ontario in a given time is often asked. An abstr" 'jt has therefore been made of all falls that have occurred in Toronto in 24 hours during the last 50 years of 2 inches and over : RAINFALL LV 24 HOURS. Date. Inches. Date. Inches. Jan 31 1843 1 2-500 : 2-350 2 135 2-220 2-220 2-3G0 2 000 2-750 2-345 2 -340 3-250 2-100 2145 ' 3-450 j 2-930 1 Sen 14. 1843 3-455 April 5, 1850 May 17 1856 .. . " 8 1847 2-500 " ll\ 1855 2-535 •' 17, 1865 " 13 1868 " 7 1869 2 -350 '• 15. 1870 2-285 June 11 1870 '< 13'. 1878 3-085 Julv 24 1841 Oct 17. 1842 2150 "' 17 1850 " 6, 1849 3-160 " 17 1866 Nov. 8, 1842 2-000 Aug. 11, 1841 " 27 1843 " 17 1843 2-0-20 " 20, 1851 2-770 '' 13,1850 '• 12,1866 " 4, 1878 2 1861 3-132 '• 17 1868 2-230 '• 14^ 1871 2-310 Sen 11 1842 It may be noted that the year 1878 was the most remarkable in Toronto when on August 4th :?-450 inches fell, and on September 13tli 3-085 inches. There was a remarkable fall of rain and hail at Toronto on .luly I7th, 1886, at about 5 i>.m., accompanied by a heavy tluinder- storm, when -82 inches fell in 30 minutes, this being at the rate of 39-36 inches in 24 hours. By the rainfall of August 4th, 1878, great damage was done owning to the flooding of houses and bursting of drains. By that of Septi'uiber 13th, in the same year, immense damage was done to property in Toronto, and heavy floods occurred at many places in the province By that of July l7th, 1886, the culverts being unable to carry the water away, many parts of Toronto were flooded. With regard to excessive snowfalls, the Toronto records are again taken for the last 40 years, and the following is an abstract of falls exceeding 1 foot in 24 hours. 11 SNOWFALL IN 24 HOURS. Date. Feet. Date. Feet. Dec. 2<», 1855 1 ft. 3 in. 1 " 4 " 1 " 3 " 1 " 3 " 1 " 4 " Feb. 17, 1871 1 ft in Feb. 5, 18G3 Dec. 25. 1872 1 " .*? " Jan. 20, 1807 Jan. 24. 1873 1 1( q .< Mar. 21, 18G7 Mar. 2, 187f) ] " 4 " Mar. 27, 1870 Jan. 24, 1880 1 " 8 " The possibility of predicting rain for a short time abead is one of tbe acbievements of tbe present day, but as to the possibility of predicting Avet or dry seasons the late Mr. G. M. Whipple, of Kevv Observatory, who has carefully discussed 978 years of rainfall ob- servations which he has divided into cycles of 5, G, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 years, says "There is no marked indication of the presence of a short cycle to be found," and "I think it may now be stated with certainty that all predictions as to rainy or dry years based upon existing materials must in future be considered as utterly valueless." A comparison of the rainfall of Ontario with that of other parts of the world is very favourable to this province. Excessive or insufficient rain, by which the crops are so often ruined, have seldom been recorded, and nowhere is the annual fall less than 20 inches, this being a limit generally accepted as determining the quantity required to fit a country for pastoral and agricultural pur- poses. 13 ONTARIO-RAIN AND SNOW. Feet. ft. in. " 3 " " 3 •' " 4 '< " 8 " 1 is one bility of of Kevv if all ob- , 10, 11, sence of e stated rs based 1 utterly ler parts issive or id, have than 20 ning the iral pur- Essex — Stoney Point. Windsor Cottam Maidstone . . Wheatley . . . . Amherstburg.. Wanstead . . . . Lambton — Sarnia Birnham. . . . Watford . . . , Thedford.. . Petrolia Oil Springs. Middlesex — Gran ton Ailsa Craig . . . Delaware London Strathroy Milton Grove . Putman Lucan Florence Elgin- Port Stanley . St. Thomas.. Cowal Lyons Aylmer Grey — Owen Sound . Presqu'Isle.. . Egremont . . . Durham Bognor Kent- Chatham.. . Blenheim . . Deal town . , Ridgetown. Waterloo- Gait Conestoga Brant — Brantford. . St. George. Paris Years. 1883. 35 25 27 '20 32 '41 32 51 1884. 1885. 1880. 32-41 30 27 05 07 20 02 32 24 25 47 31 24 28 24 2!) 27 00 86 05 04 38-18 37- 1)1 31) -4!) 29-58 34-22 25 02 1887 1888. 44 -.54 42 •50 40 18 34-43 30 01 40-90 36-27 38 01 50-50 33-89 20-84 32-88 42-86 33-99 31 15 32 73 46-11 47-26 43-71 30-32 27 02 33 -03 32-56 32-79 33-66 30-95 41-70 31 03 44-19 40-26 28-35 30-29 20-62 31 34 30 10 30-16 20-73 30 01 33-53 30-54 34 -05 37 00 40 02 34-42 38-29 27 06 37-29 20 04 33-39 20-88 30-61 33-93 30 07 20-90 37-41 24-05 34-38 22-60 33-00 30-82 28-14 20-44 Means. 32-79 26-60 33-03 26-50 25-54 31-81 24-23 31 08 30-50 28-00 30-80 33-47' 28-12 24-74 35 43 30 02 32 -05 30 -00 42-28 37-58 40-55 33-54 .50-57 30 00 33-88 4, 47 34-80 37-30 37-88 33-75 40-79 30-32 25-58 29-26 30-02 23 08 40 74 30 21 30-81 30-21 39 -8() 30-29 29-89 37 -07 37 -05 33 37 35-05 39 07 27-53 39-48 34 11 30-48 28-03 32 43 34-12 33 55 31-92 41-84 32 43 32-02 34-40 31-47 32 15 24-87 29 03 31 07 30-90 30-80 25-67 27-57 30 32 28 34 29 03 05 53 77 17 29 17 33 52 30-02 29,19 28-34 25-64 21 06 22-97 30 11 23 80 28-43 1 27-41 In. 35-25 30-31 34-50 28-97 33-70 32-41 20-56 27-27 32-88 25-42 31-01 24-36 20-64 37 -08 33 42 36 01 36-51 34-21 32 28 35-51 40 00 30-32 32-40 33-60 30 00 33-23 36-92 38-56 37 05 33 .56 43 -08 34 07 30-78 36-53 32.73 32-67 20 42 34 09 23 17 32 -08 31-54 14 ONTARIO-RAIX AND SNOW. .*•■ ! r Years. 1883. 1884. 32-60 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. Means. Halton — (Georgetown 32 62 39-86 36-87 35-21 29-07 24-25 In. 31-77 Siincne — Penetanguishene '. , . . Coldwater ... 39-86 46-07 26-23 32-!t7 25-57 33-25 32-50 42-87 33-i5' 29-88 31-56 35-81 37-87 36-94 30-12 36-42 28-44 28 -00 34-79 39-67 34-08 '28-67' 21-97 19-17 25-i)6 34-02 21-31 36-88 '37-51' 29-71 22-23 '36-18' "33'.S8' 32-91 37 • 93 Glencairii 28-17 Orillia Barrie 39 12 31 97 30-96 35-50 31-99 27-57 Wentworth — Hamilton Cojtetown Stonev Creek 28 -.59 32-91 35 - 43 N. (irlanford 29-55 36-64 40 44 43 -(11 38-70 55-61 24-62 28-75 35-32 33-29 38-64 32-40 32-61 25-19 Huron — Goderich " Lighthouse Zurich Carlow 33-77 36-99 35-57 37-42 .32 -07 35-26 34-69 35-64 .36-36 38-67 Kdniondsville 44 00 Sunshine 40-27 40-92 38-54 32-03 33-13 36-87 Kincanline 33 13 Perth- Stratford Liistowell 45-70 49-63 44-94 37-47 39-27 41-20 3*/ -81 39-15 40-42 42-02 35-05 42-60 38-75 Kirkton 39 ■ 27 Bruce — Lucknow 42-16 37 -50' 25-93 32 -14 39-33 37-88 36-17 28-96 30 19 36-92 33 65 36-47 '37-69 37-52 30-62 3712 28-82 38-91 41-54 ,34 01 33-78 .36-66 32.23 31-54 .39-32 Wiartt)n 36-32 34-13 34-05 Saugeen 37-97 ,35 23 Teeswater 25-93 Point Clark 30-09 27-83 28-48 28-74 20-97 25-62 29-88 26-54 26-47 '32-63' 32-30 Oxford— Prinnetown 37-84 38-51 34-89 21-83 30-12 30 -8(; 28-98 33.81 Woodstock Otterville 40-76 34-67 33-58 38-89 33-79 32-32 Norfolk— Simcoe Port Dover 26-83 .32 -73 Ranelagh 30 -8() Wilsonville 28 -98 Wellington — Pererus 30 42 25 -2(; 38-58 21-86 26 -70 40 95 30-46 43-25 '23-84' 39-02 ,38-87 22-12 32-io 28-68 23 06 "25-2!')' .30-79 (tuel|jh 24-55 ] )raA'ton 25-27 Elora 44 12 38-99 35 13 Muskoka — Huntsville 38-99 8. Means. In. 25 31-77 3fl-8G 7i 37 -03 28 -17 23 31 00 27-57 28-50 32-01 18 35-43 25-10 34-60 i8 35 04 »] 30 3() 38- 07 44 00 )3 SO- 87 13 BS -13 42 00 i 38-75 30-27 6 30-32 3 34 05 4 35-23 25-03 8 32-30 4 33.81 ( 33-70 32-32 20-83 3 32-73 30 -8(; 28-08 8 30-70 6 24-55 25-27 ) 35-] L3 38 00 15 ONTARIO-RAIN AND SNOW. Years. 1 1883. 1884. 1 1885. 1886. 1887, j 1888. Means. Muskoka — Concluded, Beatrice 54-81 41 03 43-17 48-11 :r)-30 30-72 :^7-08 ;;o-oi 44 11 33 80 44 -01 35-21 1 31-3!)' 44 10 28-22 In. 47 -03 Oravenhurst .34-27 Bracebridce .... .30 04 Bala 30-55 45 -00 33-83 43-77 33-34 32 01 34-54 TTooflstown. 43-02 Hillside 32-43 32 43 Charlinch 38-72 32 00 i 20-47 34 -05 1 31-13 34-00 ; 40-30 .30-77 23-80 32-02 30-80 32-28 44-01 Parry Sound — TTnlands 43 01 3/ -40 Axe Lake 35 10 .30 14 .33 (i3 30-05 20-40 T*nrrv Sonnfl 34 - 44 40-40 35-23 .3(5- 13 Sju'ucedale 32 70 Joly 35-11 Peel- Credit 20-25 20-25 Alton 27-32 25 08 22 -.57 20-28 22 ■ 82 20-30 27-32 York— Sharon 27-50 '2.5-70' 22-00 27-21 20-78 (Tr-eore'ina .38-21 34-13 30-10 28-55 28-11 .32 -01 27 • 28 30-00 20-75 35 07 28-57 .33-40 33-03 33-83 34-04 32 01 33-51 .32-48 "35-85' 23-35 41-11 41 73 20-70 20-70 Toronto 30 45 Aurora 25 ■ 18 Scarboro Welland- Welland.. Niaorara. S 28-01 20-57 20-27 31 00 32-77 22-55 27 05 20-78 23-07 24 -07 30 -07 '31-27' 28-87 20 05 30-75 27 10 25-47 28-85 23 -.38 57 12 25 .51 32-71 23-78 32-20 Lincoln — St. Catharines 34 07 40 10 35 15 30-40 20-10 34-42 38-04 28-50 34-03 .S2-02 33 71 .31-57 .33 04 28-70 32-75 20-80 32-42 20-03 ,35-50 31 51 20-04 35-53 18-70 20 35 42-04 35-40 31-33 Victoria — Lindsay Bobcaygeon .... Ontario— ^ Osliawa 33-24 20-25 31 -00 Durham — Port HoDe 32-43 Peterborough — Peterliorough Lakefield 28 18 27-70 T^iinisuiore 33-48 T-^uHhio'Ii 21 02 Norwood 31 81 Frontenac — Kingston Hastings— Deseronto 38-30 35-02 30-73 30-88 30 74 20 05 I 16 ONTARIO-RAIN AND SNOW. i! IT ii Hit Yeahs. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. Mean» Hastin gs — Concluded. Bancroft 33-27 32-21 32-15 In. 32 54 Belleville L'Amable . 31-88 33-95 30-28 ■36-85' 33 97 22-14 28 31 30-58 36 72 32 42 34-10 34-57 33-52 Sterling 33-95 Trenton 34 32 35 00 32-95 36-89 29-00 24 71 28-04 36-33 32 30 Shannonville Renfrew^— Clontarf Pembroke Rockliffe 34 06 36-60 33 92 25) -22 27 16 27 33 35 74 31-13 34-64 24-96 26-38 34-94 25-65 27-31 19 71 22-10 22-49 21-12 33-22 26-87 29-87 '24-7!' 17-54 28-71 31-90 31-04 29-72 Northcote 25 34 Renfrew 23 73 Duflferin — Orangeville 33 20 Grenville — TVIerrifikville . ... 29-45 34 95 28-83 30 01 Kdwardsburer 40-87 34 51 41-93 36-82 38 -62 Carlton — Ottawa 37-68 34-82 25-46 31-67 34-20 30-57 33-6G Haliburton — iVtinden 34-51 Haliburton 29-85 32-29 33 66 28-96 34 15 39-69 35 34 29-99 30-48 29-96 29-26 Addington— (Tlastonhurv 32-29 Harrowsmith 35-24 38-37 35-73 35-69 38-39 31 91 '26 -ii" 25-47 26 38 33 46 32 74 Denbicfh 3306 Stormont- - Cornwall 31-41 31-73 Prescott — Tj'OfiQTial . . 39-69 Lanark- Oliver's Ferrv 39-74 29-84 22 49 24-30 30-34 Nipissing— Sturereon Falls 29-99 Haldimand— WarlcwortH 23-03 23 -03 I Means 1 SLOPES CO IH. ac . e 3f ? In. 32-54 33 '52' 33-95 32 30 28-71 31-90 31-04 20-72 25 34 23 73 33-20 30 01 38-62 33-66 34-51 29 •2& 32-29 32 74 3306 31-73 39 -eo 30-34 29-99 23 03 1 N, Snow. 1 • 50 in. ^ 7-00 " SJ7-75. " •00 '' S.' 5-7^S " ^ 4-46 '« 1 7-00 " Rain. E. Lake Ontario. 247 ft. M.S.L. Snow. • 00 in. •00 in. 3^24 '' 9^62 " 5-50 " 13-57 *' 1-39 '* •00 " 1-82 '* 3-00 " 1^85 " 4^60 " 1-80 *' •90 " 1-54 " 3-35 " ...,i. i w. HAIN AND SNOW FALL ON THE WES m WESTERN ON WITH DIRECTION OF WIND I 1886. Lake Huron. 582 ft. Rain. Snow. Rain. Snow. Rain. Snow. 1^. 1-53 in. 20^9 in. 1 • 30 in. 6^25 in I. •SI in. •00 in. N.E. 1-81 <* 15^5 " 4-41 '< 2^87 '< 1.14 a 7^00 " E. 3-14 " 13-6 *' 5-47 " 7-10 « 4-82 " 6-00 " S.E. 1-48 " 9-6 " 3^83 *< •75 ' i 7-81 " 17-50 *' S. 4-30 " 2-1 " 5^63 '* 10-50 ** 2-7*1 " 10-50 " S.W. 2-74 *' 10-7 ** 3-02 " 11^50 *< = 9-62 *' 52-15 <« i i W. 2-74 " 16-0 " $•11 ** 14-75 * t 1.27 " 6-00 *< N.W. 1-17 in. 19^0 <* •48 ** 16-52 * I -81 " 10-60 *< I WLtC THE WESTERN AND EASTERN SLOPES OP LRN ONTARIO, OF WIND AT TIME OF FALL, 1886. ac E. o O in o Q « \^ « ^^^ 1 43 O 1-i .a • iH > 1 I* • Lake o Ontario. 247 ft. <1 M.S.L. Snow. • 00 in. 7-00 " 6-00 " 17^50 *' 10-50 " 52-15 <* 6-00 *< 10-60 *< Rain. Snow. Rain. Snow. Rain. Snow. -30 in. -00 m •00 * ( 7. 00 *' 2-64 * * 10-50 " 1-64 * ' 3-00 " 1-71 * * 1-00 '< 2-30 * < 16^00 " 5-75 < < 10-50 ** •45 .' ' 6-00 *« 1 4 7 1 2 4 4 2 42 in 11 29 ■63 33 -02 •24 •40 7' 7 17 5 4 13 7 50 in 00 75 00 75 4''6 51 00 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 00 m. 24 '< •50 •39 ■82 •85 -80 -54 9 13 3 4 00 in. 62 ■57 •00 •00 •60 -90 •35