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BTTHl HON. D. L. MACPHERSON, SENATOR OF CANADA, In a Letter addressed to his former Constituents, the Electors of North Simcoe, Grey and Bruce. "I MSI ispcct we shall hare another Tariff Bill next session, and another I'ariff Bill after that, and **thent I hope, in tht good timt to torn, that we shall hare still onotktr Tariff BiH." • • .Hon. £. Blakb (Speech at MotUrttU, t88i). Me ** What bnt mischief can be yonr object? No sooner are the springs of industry again pot in "motion--no sooner are the soarce«i of commerce unlocked, and are pouring forui the " riches of the country in erery direction — ^no sooner has retumine confidence in a re- " animated government given a new impulse to every exertion of skill, and new directions " to labor and ingenious indnstry, than you agitate ^roor mestion of reform to set men nuul " upon theories of government, uistead of supportmg it ny the peaceiul enjoyment of its *' practical blessings, diecking the rising prosperity of peace, and plunging us back into *'the dangers and difficulties from which we had almost miraculously emei;g^''— /TfyifiM. \ '\r*.\ •;-.ill U\ A' nUN'rtR, ROSB & 00., PBIMT£118, 25 WBLT/ liQTOK 8TRBBT. 1882. .s' . fc 5X0 M3 « } f (( ^^A TO TSiSJ Xai^SSOTOXlS or TBI CouNTES OF North simcoe, Grey and Bruce, ooNsinumra roRinBLT THE ELECTORAL DIVISION OF SAdGEENJ "^♦^♦^ Oentlemen, It was not my intention to address you at this time uf.on the subject of the Public Finances. They are administered with great vigilance and judicious economy. I believe the public do not require assurances upon these points. The Qovemment invites the judgment of the people upon their ad- ministration of public affairs. They desire, however, that when judging between them and their predecessors — the Mackenzie Qovemment — the people shall be in possession of the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. The public accounts may be distorted, may be misrepresented and misstated, and they have been so treated in a Campaign Sheet, entitled, " Record of Tory Administration since 1878," issued under the auspices of the Opposition, led by Mr. Blake. It is to point to some of the grossest misstatements in that sheet, and to submit unimpeachable facts to you, that, recalling my former inti- mate political connection with you as your Representative, I again address you. The strongest proof that could be adduced oi the faultlessness of the Administration of Sir John Macdonald and his colleagues is, that our op- ponents cannot present the semblance of a case against us without bearing false witness, without resorting to the most audacious falsification. A Grit Falsehood, The Grit Campaign Sheet opens with a shower of Billingsgate, in large capitals, upon the present Qovemment, and then proceeds with the following : — " The record of the Conservative Party during the past three years, ** is one of extravagance and waste in nearly eveiy department of the pub- " lie service. Contrary to all pledges made to the electors in th<^ campaign *' of 1878 — contrary to the professions of the leaders of the part7 on the ** floor of Parliament— contrary to the expectations of thousanos of the " confiding electors of Canada, they increased the public debt, added mil- " lions to the annual expenditure, and filled the Public Departments with * their friends and partisans. ^ "THE PUBLIC DEBT. " The following table (see Public Accounts, page 19) shows the net " and gross debt of Canada oii the 1st July in each year since Confeder- •ation:— I VET DEBT. GROSS DUli, 18C7 75,728,641 03,046,091 1868 7. 76,767,134 96,896,666 1869 75,859,31J» 112,361,998 1870 78,'209,742 115,993,706 1871 77,706,517 116,492,682 J872 82,187,072 122,400,179 1873 99,848,401 130,778,008 1874 108,324,964 141,163,551 1876 116,008,378 161,663,401 1876 124,561,514 161,204,687 1877 133,235,309 174,676,834 1878 140.362,060 174,957,268 1879 142,090,187 179,483,871 1880; 152,451,658 104,634,440 1881 166,396,780 199,861,637 "Who is responsible for the increase 1 ** It is alleged that the Liberal Party are responsible for the larner portion of this increase. This would be true if the obligations for which the debt was incurred were undertaken by the Liberals, but inasmuch aa nearly every dollar added to the debt oetween 1874 and 1879 was bor- rowed to carry on public works begun previous to 1873, the party wha began these works must be held responsible for the debt incurred for tleir construction " To put the matter briefly and concisely, the debt account of Cannda * will then stand as follows : * Increase from 1867 to 1st July, 1874, for which the Conservative party are responsible $32,596,323 "Increase from 1874 to 1879, to fulfil obligations of Conservative party as above 33,980,561 •• Increase from 1879 to 1881 1 2,405,593 " Total increase since Confederation 79,667,139 ** Conservative increase 78,982,477 " Leaving a balance as the Reform increase of .... 684,662 *• To this, however, must be added the deficits which, after deducting • the surpluses, amounted to $2,863,540. By no possibility then can 0>e " Liberal Party be lield responsible for more than 5 per cent, of the increas^Mi « of the Public Debt since 1873." Reply to the abore. Tlie writers of the Campaign Sheet assert that their party when in office spent from Capital Account onlv $684,662. If ihcy drew only this small amount from Capital, whence came the millions which thejr expended in surveying and constructing the Canadiau Pacific Railway and on other works ? Every man in the country who reads their statement will know how absurdly untrue it is. The expenditure out of Capital by the Mackenzie Government was not $684,662 but 942,811,202.82. Many will come to the conclusion that the proportion that 684,662 bears to 42,811,202 is probablv not far from the proportion of truth to fiction in the statements set forth in the •Campaign Sheet issued by the Opposition. By referring to the Public Accounts, it will be seen that the nzi debt at Confederation (1807), was. $ 75,728,641 And in 1881 155,395,780 Showing an increase since Confederation of . . . . $79,667|139 The net debt in 1873, was 99,848,461 And in 1878 140,362,069 Increase by the Mackenzie Government $40,513,608 This proves that the increase by the Mackenzie Government ex- ce«)ded $40,000,000, being more than one half the total increase of debt since Confederation. Then it mu8t be remembered that while the Public Debt was swollen by the amount fof Sir Richard Cart Wright's loans of 1874 and 1876, amounting together to $35,633,333, at their face or par value, and tiiat while interest has to be paid thereon during the currency of the loans, the country received only as proceeds of those loans, 87J cents on the dollar, Sir Richard Cartwright having left in London, among ageuts, brokers, &c., $4,900,000 as their profits on the transactions. The Grit Increase of Interest. ^ The amount of the Public Debt shows the sum of the people's •obligations, but it is the interest they have t© pay upon it, and not the amount of the debt that tells what their annual burden is, on ac- count of the Public Debt. Those who read the Grit Campaign Sheet will remark, that its authors say but little upon the subject of interest. They know that the amount per head payable by the people for interest was increased while Mr. Mackenzie was in ofiice. When he succeeded to power in 1873, the amount of interest per head was $1.49. When he retired in 1878, it had increased to $1.61 per head, and although the Public Debt has since been increased the charge fur interest remains still at $1.61 per head ; owing partly to the reduction in the rate of interest effected by the present uovernment, and partly to the increased population. I repeat, that it is the amount -of interest which the people have to pay, and not the ■amount of debt, that is the measure of their annual burden. The annual charge for interest would be the same on a debt ot ;$100.000,000 at six per cent., as on a debt of $200,000/600 at three per ^k .'! eeni, but the advantage of having the larger amount of capital expended in the countrv at the lower charge for ki^rest ie very manifest, although opposed to Sir Richard Cartwriffht's policy of financing, which was to leave a large portion of the pnnoipaT of his loans among the money- lenders and brokers. Instead of defending the expenditure from Capital account of the Lib- eral Conservative Qoverninent down to their retirement from office in 1873, 1 will ask the public to accept the testimony of Sir Richard Oftrt- wright, the Finance Minister of the Macken^e Qovemment When in London on the 19th October, 1876, he issued a circular to the British Capitalists, from which the following is an extract : " The whole of the debt has been incuired for legitimate objects of " public utilitv The indirect advantage fi'om these public " works has already been found in the remarkable rapidity with which the " commerce and the material prosperity of the Dominion have been de- " veloped ; while a substantial mcrease in the direct returns may fairly be " expected from the improvements now in progress, and to follow the steady " progress of population and trade The revenue has shown "a continuous surplus during each year since Confederation in 1867, " although it has in the interval been charged with much heavy expendi- " ture of an exceptional kind, such as the outlay connected with the several " Fenian attacks on the country, the acquisition and organization of new " territory and providing an adequate defensive force for the Dominion. " The eight years since Confederation therefore exhibit " an aggreg&te surplus of two millions four hundred and forty-three thou- " sand one nundred and eleven pounds (equal to eleven millions eight hun- " dred and eighty-nine thousand eight hundred and eight dollars, and not " including the sinking fund), which has been partially applied in the re- " demption of debt and partiaUy expended in new works. The annual pay- " ment for sinking fund is included in the current expenditure, and forms " in the aggregate a further sum of seven hundred thousand pounds (or three " millions four hundred and six thousand six hundred and sixty-eight dol- ** lars), since Confederation." It was in these terms of unqualified approval that their successors referred to the whole of the expenditure by Sir John Macdonald's Qovem- ment from Capital Account. When Mr. Mackenzie sueceeded to power he was untrammeled with any engagement in connection with the Canadian Pacific Railway, made by his predecessors, except the Treaty with British Columbia, and Mr. Blake did not allow him to remain long fettered by the obligations of that Treaty. The authors of the Campaign Sheet next indulge in more than a column of mis-representation of the public expeniture, ending with a table which audaciously suggests the untrue, and is discreditable to those from whom it emanated. Under the head of " Compare Details," they say : — " In comparing the details of the financial management of the two " parties, the last full year of each is taken as a basis." « « • • " A comparison, therefore, based on the expenditure of the last full year "o/each, should be fair and acceptable to all parties,'* A Mlsleadliif drit Table. OOKTABAnTI BtATIMBIIT OV TBI SzmWRVftl «V QAMAOAt IBOM PaoB BiaiTBUr OF TBI PVBUf AOOOVHTC. (JI.A n<« TaXfU, compikd/or th$ Orit Oamfioign Shut, i$ inUndtd to ieuiv tht pMic.) nr InterMiuu FuUlioDttbt SabaidiM to ProTinoes, Sinking Fund, Ac.... , 1873-4 15,724,436 4,681,362 COHTBOLLABLB ExrUTAITVBB. |10,256,7tf8 111,669.623 Civil Goyemmeui Adminiatntion of Juitioe.... Police Peniteniiariea Legislriion Geolo({ical Surrey Arts, Agriculture Census Immigration Mid Quarantine. Marine Hospitals Pensions Superannuation Militia and Defence Ocean and River Service Public Woils. Lighthouse Service Fisheries Steamboat Inspection Insurance Superintendence .. Miscellaneous Indian Grants Dominion Lands Dominion Forces, Manitoba.. Mounted Police N. W. Territory 1877-8. • 7,048,883 .4,610,640 Total Controllable Chaaoes on Revenue. Customs Excise Wei|;hts and Measures Culhng Timber and Inspection of Food Post Office Public Works .,. Minor Revenues .* 883,686 460,037 66,387 395,661 784,048 07,814 19,001 39,470 318,572 66,062 66,453 64,442 977,376 407,700 1,826,001 537,057 76,247 10,291 103,160 146,068 283,163 209,169 199,599 30i,221 823,369 664,920 10,016 308,482 618,036 96,049 92,365 1,053 180,691 67,484 105,842 106,688 618,136 402,371 998,694 461,967 93,262 14,315 88,577 81,167 421,503 87,628 11,210 334,748 43,905 1880-1. • 7,694, 4,931,693 144$ BtTIlUTKM. 1883-9. 17,860,647 4,969,067 812,625,837 |13,829,6M 916,968 683,967 13,525 307,366 611,375 111,362 22,408 127,033 250,812 52.183 96,388 147,362 667,000 429,439 1,138,765 443,724 80.560 12,149 9,679 109,929 805,097 07,745 289,845 073,169 613,590 12,600 295,367 636,505 109,400 21,200 60,000 378,307 62,000 102,160 155,000 758,500 540,223 1,169,225 487,766 93,000 15,000 9,850 116,050 909,308 99,000 413,000 $8,324,076 16,542,5108.7,293,503 88,500,970 658,299 206,935 82,886 1,387,270 2,389,679 11,371 714,527 215,024 06,484 66.924 1,724,938 2,471,437 21,786 Total for all purposes 823.316,316 123,503,168 717,704 247,577 74,170 69,861 1,876,657 2,703,665 3,576 734,244 271,866 76,600 80,000 2,018,900 2,713,466 10,800 $25,502,554 $27,306,453 The readers of the above table would suppose that 1873-4 was the " lavsi full year" of Sir John Macdonald's former administration. But i' i 8 was not, and the authors cnkftily abstained from saying that it was, but left it to be implied — a brazen instance of the suggef^tio fahi. " The last full year " of Sir John's former Qovemmeni was 187X-8. Mr. Mackenzie came into ofBce in October, 1873, and the fiscal year did not close till the 30th June, 1874. With characteristic unfairness our opponents present the ORtiinatcfi for the financial year which will begin on the 1st July next, and treat them as expenditure, although they well know that the outlay upon the service of tne year is generally much below the amount which it is con* sidered prudent to provide for in the estimates." The True figures. The following table shows coiTectly the gross expenditure in "the Inst full year" of Sir John's former Government, the last full year of Mr. Mackenzie's Qovcrnment, and the last full year for which we have the public accounts, and it is the facts set forth in thLi table that the Grit writers labour to falsify or conceal : COMPARATIVB StATKHENT 07 TRB KxPENDITURB Of 0/ VADA FOB TBAB8 1872-73, 1877-78, & 1880-81. {As per Public Accounts folio 25) Interest on Public Debt Subsidies Sinking Fund &o. OllDIXART EXPBNDITURB. Civil Government Ad ministration of J ustico Police Penitentiaries Legislation Geo. Survey Arts and Agriculture Census Immigration and Quarantine Marine Hospitals Pensions Superannuations Militia and Defence Ocean and River Service Public Worlw Lighthouses Fisheries Steamboat Inspection Insurance Superintendence Miscellaneous Indian Grants Dominion Lands Dominion Forces, Manitoba Mounted Police K. W. Territory organized 1872-73. I 6,209.205 3,607,870 $ 8,717,076 Total Controllable Expenditure. 750,874 398,966 49,813 270,661 614,487 64,630 10,690 67,565 287,368 48,150 49,204 53,026 1,248,663 466,190 1,597,613 480,376 97,878 13,266 03,848 63,776 237,676 147,367 157,062,09 1877-78. 1380-1881. $ 7,048,883 4,610,740 111,669,523 823,369 664,920 10,616 308,101 618,035 96,049 92,365 1,053 180,691 57,484 105,842 106,58^ 618,136 402,371 998,594 461,967 93,262 14,315 8,577 81,167 421,503 87,628 11,210 3.34,748 43,906 16,542,610 I 7,694,144 4,931,693 $12,525,837 916,958 683,957 13,525 307,366 611,375 111,352 22,408 127,033 250,812 62,183 96,388 147,302 667,000 429,439 1,138,705 443,724 80,560 12,149 9,579 109,929 805,097 67,745 289,845 17,293,563 but last mzie the 1872-73. 1877-78. CUABOU ON ReVBMUI. Cuitoms Exciae Gulling Timber, Ao.... PoatOiBoe PubUo Works Minor lUven net Weights and MeMorei. Total for all purpotee 6fi7,765 171,704 60,601 1,067,866 1,496,186 23,262 13,305,475 110,174,647 714,627 216,024 66,024 1,724,038 2,471,437 21,785 06,484 15,301,110 923,503,158 18801881. 717,704 247,M7 69,81)1 1,876,867 2,703,r»65 3,575 74,170 95,683,319 $25,502,654 In pamphlets which I addressed to you in 1878, 1 showed that the Controllable Expenditure had been increased under the Mackenzie Ad- ministration, between 1873 and 1876, by no less a sum than $3,077,309, of whiph $1,500,000 only was authorized by Legislation in the Session of 1873, for which the previous Government was responsible, and that for the balance of $2,177,398 Mr. Mackenzie's Government was wholly re- sponsible. I also showed that this increase incurred by the Grit Govern- ment was, to a great extent, needless and extravagant. The Test of Economy. A fair test of the relative economy of the two Administrations would be to compare the expenditure of 1875-6 with that of 188U-81. In 1875- 76 the Mackenzie Government were in the hey-day of their prosperity, so confident that the Government of Canada would remain in ttieir hands for many years, that they were administering its affairs in conformity with their own ideas of sound policy, uninfluenced by inherited engage- ments and undisturbed by popular remonstrances against their reck- lessness. It was before their extravagance, their waste, and their jobbery were held up to public animadversion in the Senate, i 1 m ' I?! 10 COMPASATIVS SXAIUUMT OV IBB EzPSMDITUBI VOft THE YbARB 1875-6 AKD 1880-1. Chabqes on PunLio Debt. Interest on Public Debt Subiidy to Provinoei, Sinking Fund, Ac . Total charges for Debt and Subsidies. , Obdikabt EzPBNDiTxnaB. Civil Qoyemment ........ Administration of Justice Police , Penitentiaries.. . . . Legislation Geological Survey. Arts, &o... Census Immigration Marine Hospital Pensions Superannuation Militia and Defence Public Works Ocean and River Service. Lighthouses Fisheries Steamboat Inspection Insurances Miscellaneous Indian Grants Dominion Lands Dominion Forces Mounted Police Boundary Survey Settlers Total of Ordinary Expenditure Charges on Revenue. Customs' Excise Weights and Insurances. Inspections Adulterations Culling Timber Post Office Public Works Minor Revenues Total Ordinary Expeiiditure and Charges on Revenue. Expenditure 1880-81 less than 1875-6 by 1876-6 $6,400,902 4,721,457 11,122,359 1880-81 17,694,144 4,931,693 $12,526,837 841,995 644,091 13,427 312,015 627,230 97,055 67,552 10,191 385,845 60,971 n0,201 101,627 978,530 1,948,941 546,529 545,848 108,183 13,081 8,032 90,309 276,325 212,841 81,916 369,518 184,105 83,405 e8,569,774 721,008 218,359 99,785 637 2,601 66,696 1,622,827 2,044,497 20,024 $4,796,238 13,366,012 916,96S 583,957 13,526 307,366 611,376 Ul,352 22,408 127,033 250,812 52,183 96,388 147,362 667,000 1,138,765 428,439 443,724 80,560 12,149 9,579 109,929 805,097 67,745 * 289,845 $7,293,663 717,704 247,577 74^70 573 8,149 51,079 1,876,667 2,703,665 3,575 6,683,15a 12,976,716 $389,206 11 I It will be observed thai the expendituro for 1880-81, (exclusive of the charges on public debt), but including that in Manitoba and the N. W. Territories, was $389,296 less than that of 1875-6. The total of the " Charges on Jievenue" in 1880-1 was $886,915 more than in 1875-6, but of this total ($5,683,153) no less than the sum of $912,998 was for collecting the increased revenue from the Post Office and Public Works, and which increased revenue almost equalled the increased cost of collecting it. The authors of the Grit Campaign Sheet confine their criticisms chiefly to the public expenditure. They complain of the cost of admin- istering the public service, but they say nothing of the rapidly increasing work of administratioa The latter is shown in the following interesting table. COHPABATIVB STATEMENT OF REVENUE AND COST OF ITS COLLECTION IN lb72-3 AND 1877-8. Revenue. 1872-73. Revenue. 1877-78. (;o8t of Collection. 1872-7.3. OoBtof Collection. 1877-78. I'eroentage of Cost of Collecting Revenue. 1872-73. 1877-78. Caitomi 912,954,164 $12,782,824 9 567,765 « 714,627 4.38% 6.69% Exciie 4,460,681 4,858,671 171,704 216,024 3.84% 4.42% Post Office 833,657 1,207,790 1,067,866 1,724,938 128 % 142% Public Works... 1,316,635 2,034,483 1,496,185 2.471,437 113 % 121% CUSTOMS. The Revenue from Customs in 1877-8 fell below that of 1872-3 to extent of $171,340 The cost of collecting the Customs Revenue in 1877-8 over 1872-3 was increased $146,762 N.B.— While receipts were declining in 1877-8 at the rate of 03,250 per week, the Mackenzie Government were increasing the cost of collec- tion by $2,823 per week. EXCISE. The increased Revenue from Excise in 1877-8 over 1872-3 was $397,990 The increased cost of collecting it in 1877-8 over 1872-3 was 43,320 N.B. — The cost of collecting this Revenue in 1872-3 was $3.96 per cent, but in 1877-8 it increased to $4.42 per cent. rOST OFFICE. The increased Revenue from the P. 0. in 1877-8 over 1872-3 was $374,13S The increa.sed cost of collecting it was 657,072 I, X2 PUBLIC WORKS, INCLUDING RAILWAYS. • The increased Revenue in 1877-8 over 1872-3 was $717,848 The increased cost of collecting it was 975,252 I shall now submit a comparative table of the Eevenue and cost of collecting it for the years 1875-6 and 1880-81, being the third years ol the Administrations of the Honourable Alexander Mackenzie, and of the present Government rcdpectively, CoMPARAnvE Statement op Revenue and cost op Collection in THE Years 1875-6 and 1880-81, with percentages op cost of Collection. CuBtoms Excise Po«t Office. Public Works.. Revenue. 1876-76. Revenue. 1880-81. $12,823,837^18; 5,503,487 1,102,540 1,479,231 1,406,092 5,343,032 1,352,109 2,682,924 Coat of Collection. 1875-76. 1721,008 218,359 1,622,827 2,044,497 Cost of Collection. 1880-81. e:i7,704 247,577 1,876,657 2,703,665 Percentage of coat of C Collection. 1875-76. 1880 81 5.63% 3.02% 147 % 138 % 3.90% 4.60% 138 % 100 % iii h customs. The increased Revenue of 1880-81 over 1875-6, was. .$5,582,255 The decreased cost of collecting the whole Customs Revenue was, in 1880-81 •. $3,394 Thus while the Revenue increased in 1880-81 over that of 1875-6, at the rate of $107,351 per week, the cost of collecting it decreased $63 per week. post office. The increased Revenue of 1880-81 over 1875-6, was. .$249,569. The increased cost of collecting the whole Postal Revenue of 1880-1 over 1875-6, was 253,830 Thus f he increased Revenue of 1880-81 over that of 1875-6, cost only •$1.01 for each dollar collected, being 46 cents less per dollar than {he cost of collecting the whole Post Office Revenue in 1875-6, and showing that for each dollar expended in extension of postal service by the pre- «dnt Qovernment, 99 cents were returned in Revenue. PUBLIC works, including RAILWAYS. The increased Revenue of 1880-81 over 1875-6 was ...$1,203,693 The increased cost of collecting the whole Revenue of .... these services in 1880-81 over 1875-6, was $659,168 13 Thus the increased Keyenue in 1880-81 cost only 54 cents for each dollar collected, whereas the cost of collecting the revenue from this source in 1875-76 was $1.38 for each dollar collected. On comparing the table in which are stated the Revenue received from Customs, Excise, Post Office and Public Works in 1872-3 and 1877-8, with the table in which are stated the same revenues received in 1875-76 and 1880-81, and examining the items relating to the cost of collecting those in both sets of years, it will be found that in the period of Grit rule, the outlay for the different services was increasing largely, when the Revenue was, in the case of the Customs, actually falling off, and in the cases of the Post Office and Public Works,^was not keeping pace with the increased cost of collection. The Present Record* • On the other hand, during the years of the present Administration,, the Customs Revenue increased very largely, while a judicious economy was being exercised in reducing the costs of this service, and, in bot^ the Post Office and Public Works, the increased expenditure fell very far be- low the increased receipts. The Grit extravagance from 1873 to 1878 was utterly unjustified by the state of the country's finances, and increased its deficits by reducing the net Revenue, while the liberal outlays made by the present Govern- ment since 1878 are more than justified, as they resulted in increaainff the net Revenue. The more the Grits spent, the less revenue they got ^ while the policy of the present Government, in developing the resources of the country, brought a rich harvest both of revenue and national prosperity. The present Administration may, I think, point to these results not only with gratification, but with pride. In the face of such facts, the carpings of unscrupulous place-hunters over Departmental Expenditure are unworthy of serious notice. The compilers of the Grit Campaign Sheet must know that all their allegations of unnecessary expenditure are baseless. Take fbr example their hypocritical wail over the increased expendi- ture on the Post Office Service, the extension of which is so essential to the convenience and happiness of the people. They conceal the fact that, under the improved manacrcment of the present Government, the increas-. ing revenue all but covei-s the increasing expenditure, that for every dollar of increased expenditure, we get back 99 cents in increased revenue. Alleged '< Junketings," Attention is next called to what, in the Grit Campaign Sheet, is polite- ly styled "Ministerial Jnnketinjjjs " — meaning the travelling ex[»ena esof individual Ministers upon public business. Its authors allege that the "junketings " of Mr. Blake and colleagues in 1878, cost $2,000.29 ; while those of Sir John Macdonald and his col- leagues in 1880-8] , cost $3,694.75. They omit, however, to mention thai the "junketings" of Grit ministprs in 1875, cost $4,376.06, including $500 !i H! t! u for Mr. Huntington, S400 for Mr. Ros&, and, $300 for Mr. T. Co£Sn. It wonld be interesting to know what were the public missions on which these gentlemen were employed. It is to be noped that nu Minister of the Crown in Canada would be bo devoid of honour and self-respect as to charge against the public any portion of his travelling expenses not in- curred in the public service. It is most unworthy in men who aspire to govern this country to degrade public life by sugc^esting what would be 80 dishonourable to her statesmen. The leaders of the Opposition must not, however, be offended or surprised if it should be suspected that they only suggest that others may have done what they are conscious they themselves would do if they had the opportunity. I think the " Junketing " paragraph must have been contributed to the sheet by the person, who, in 1877, mis-stated, wilfully, I fear, the amount of Sir John Macdonald's cab- hire, and never, so utr as I know, corrected the misstatement. That was one of the meanest slanders uttered during the Campaign preceding the election of 1878. The Montreal Her(ud considercKl it of sufficient importance to make it the subject of a leading article under the title of " Important Political Statement." TraTelllng Expenses* Next follow two columns and a half upon the travelling expenses to England of Reform and Conservative Ministers, the cost of Sir Alexander Gait's office, and upon the subject of loans. The authors oi the Grit sheet seem incapable of treating a political opponent fairly, even in the smallest matter, for instance, the cost of one of Sir Richard Cartwright's trips to London is stated as follows : — "1874-5, Sir RCartwright $1,022 84- " J. M. Courtney, Deputy Minister of Finance 1,072 12 " While that of Sir Leonard Tiley's is thus stated : — . ** 1879, Sir Leonard Tilley and Secretary $2141 33" Mr. Courtney was not Deputy Minister of Finance in 1874-5. He did not become so until 1878, and I presume he accompanied Mr. Cart- wright in 1874-5 as his Secreta,ry, so that the fair and truthful way to have stated the cost of Sir R. Cartwright's trip would have been thus : — 1874-5, Sir R. Cartwright and Secretary $2,094 96 To have done so would, however, have brought his expenses up to within $45.37 of those of Sir Leonard Tilley. Had the writer been candid he would have stated that the expenses of Sir Leonard's trip were fairly chargeable to Sir Richard Cartwright, for it will \m remembered that Sir Leonard Tilley had to hasten to Eng- land immediately on his election in 1878 to negotiate a loan to cover Sir Richard Cartwright's temporary borrowings on call. The writer of the paragraph, no doubt, thought he made a good poli- tioal point by exhibiting Sir Leonard Tiller's expenses as twice as great as those of Sir R. Cartwright, and making it, gave him the opportunity of again indulging in the euggestio falai 13 It is puerile in our opponents to Be dilating^ upon snch items, and tiM party who only have such trumpery char^i^s to bring against a patriotic and successful Adiffinistration before an intelligent electorate must be politically bankrupt. The question is not what the trips cost, but what advantages resulted from them to the country. Sir John Macdonald and his colleagues entered into the contract for the Canadian Pacific Railway in England, and I imagine the great body of the people regard that arrangement as worth many millions to Canada. Sir Alexander Gait, as High Commissioner, has rendered Canada most valuable services, more than sufficient to pay the expenses of his ofhco many times over. In regard to the visits of the Ministers of Finance to London, it is well known, and is admitted by friend and foe, that Sir Leonard Tilley always negotiated his loans at the best prices the market afforded. The same, un- fortunately, cannot be said of Sir Bichard Cartwright. Sir R, Cartwiight's Loans, In an open letter which I addressed on the 16th April last, to Mr. George Jackson, then M.P. for the South Riding of Grey, I repeated what I had said in Parliament on Sir R. Cartwright's loan of 1876. The fol- lowiiig is an extract from that letter: <( The increase of the Public Debt during the same period,aceording to the Public Ac- counts, was 142,811,202.32,— the increase between 1872-73, and 1877-78, was $46,213,- 836.77. The loan of 1878 was actually negotiated by Sir Leonard Tilley; but it was re- quired to meet the obligations incurred by his predecessor, Sir Bichard Cartwright, who should have provided for them before the general election. He, however, decided to wait until after that event, doubtless expecting that he would be enabled to present himself in the money macrket with a renewed mandate from the people. To meet the requirements of the Qovemment for the time being, he had recourse to borrowing for short periods from London Bankers and Financial Agents. It was to pay off these liabilities, to prepare for meeting the other maturing obligations of the Government, and generally to place the public finances on a satisfactory footing, that Sir Leonard had to hasten to England immediately after his election, on his appointment as Mini- ster of Finance ; and although Sir Bichard's neglect to negotiate a loan, when he should have done so, was not unattended with psril to the p;^blic credit, yet it was fortunate for the Dominion that the negotiation uevolved upon Sir Leonard Tilley, for he dis- posed of the loan by puUic competition or tender as he did in 1873. ''In the increase of the debt, stated above ($42,811,202.32) of course is included the sum of $1,520,833, that being substantially the portion of the loan of 1876, ($12,166,- 666), which Sir Bichard Oartwright allowed as discount to the lenders and paid for Brokerage, &c. " While the Dominion did not reoeire this sum of $1,520,833, or any part of it, yet interest, sinking fund, &a, have to be paid thereon, amounting to about $70,000 a year, till the maturity of the loan in 1906 (the interest alone at 4 per cent, exoeeds $60,000 a year). To hare to pay $70,000 a year for thirty yean for that whioh the Dorainioi did not receivt does seem a grievous hardship, but Sir Richard maintains, ft 4. 16 ill*; t It'; " I and Mr. Blake and hii other ooUeaguei of 1870 also maintain that the loan iras ad van- tageont for the Dominion, was, in fact, a model loan. But, in the opinion of men who do not belong to their model lohool of finance, it was an imprdviifent and mysterious loan — I say mysterious, because it was sold without public competition, on terms which re- duced the net proceeds which Canada received to about 87^ cents on the dollar, and further because Mr. Mackenaie's Administration refused to make public the names off the allottees or beneficiaries. " The amount of 91,620,833 is the portion which Sir Richard sank in England, of the principal of the loan. Unfortunately it does not represent the whole loss. To it must be added 91,037,520, which is the value of the yearly pHyinent of interest of f 00,000 for thirty years, when capitalized. '"fhe country's loss by Sir Richard Cartwrighi's disastrous loan of 1876. tt will Uv.ia be seen, amounted to the prodigious sum of $2,558,353. Vet Mr. Blake supported and still approves of that transaction ! " The ratio of loss upon Sir Richard's loan in 1874 of £4,000,000 ($19,- 406,400) was even greater than that upon his loan of 1876. But even at the same ratio, and acco»ding to the sam« rule it amounted to $4,09J3,3G5, making a total loss to the country by Sir Richard Cartwright's loans of $6,651,718. Some persons gained what Canada lost by these transactions. Sir Richard Cartwriglit no doubt knows who tlie favoured ones were, but he refuses to telL These loans were mysterious transactions. Canada has paid dearly for the financial 8ervice>4 of one whom the late Honourable George Brown surnamed " the mixer and muddler." Sir Charles Tupper's visits to England have .been profitable to tho Dominion. He took a part in negotiating the Contract for building the Canadian Pacific Railway, and on the occasion of one of his visits he pur- chased 50,000 tons of steel rails, the advantages of which went far to neutralize the loss on Mr. Mackenzie's speculative purchase of rails. And these are only two among numerous services rendered by him to his country during his visits to England. Mr. Mackenzie's trip to England is stated to have cost $1,966.32 It is well known that it was undertaken, not on public business, but for pleasure, and I am inclined to think that the compilers of the sheet omitted to include in Mr. Mackenzie's travelling expenses an item of £100, equal to $486.66, charged by Mr. Agent-General Jenkins for the trip of Mr. Mackenzie and himself to Paris. Complaint is made in the Grit Campaign Sheet of expenditure on account of the Indians. The outlay for Indians is large, but it could not be otherwise. We daspossessed the Indians of their territory. We drove their food, the Buf- falo, from the country. Unless, therefore, we feed them until they learn to procure food by other methods than the chase, they must starve. Tlie Indian is human and will not consent to starve. Like the white man, he will struggle for life, so that we must either feed ^or fight him. You, and all right minded people of this Dominion, will agree with the Government that it is not- only more humane, more worthy of us as ia> Christian people, but also more economical, to feed than to fight the Indians. 17 We are doing all we can to train them to husbandry. They are mak- ing fair progress, and in a comparatively short time they will be self* supporting. The Pacific Railway. The political Syndicate, charged with constructing the Qrit Campaign Sheet, devote seven columns to misrepresenting the Canadian Pacific Railway Contract, and contracts for other works carried on under the Department of Railways and Canals. All their charges and insinuations have been so completely and tri- umphantly answered by Sir Charles Tupper, whose speeches I hope have been widely circulated, that I shall content myself with saying, that in so far as relates to the Pacific Railway the result has completely vindicated the policy of the Government. . The Opposition cannot with truth deny that Mr. Mackenzie's Govern- ment invited tenders for the construction of this railway on terms which would have been much more burdensome to the country than those granted by the present Government to the Syndicate. But ihe Grit Government and party had represented the country to be traversed by the Canadian Pacific Railway as being so inhospitable and worthless that capitalists could not be found to undertake the work. The subsidies which the Mackenzie Government were willing to grant I find valued correctly, I believe, in a paper now before me &om which I make the following extract : — " The Government evidently became oonvinoed that railvraj-builduig was not ita forte^ and it issued an advertisement inviting tenders for the whole line, thus admit- ting that both parties^ the ^hole people in fact, were in favour of having the railway constructed and operated by a company. " In that advertisement the Government offered 20,000 acres of land, and $10,000 in cash pw mile, and interest at 4 per cent, per annum for twenty-five years on such further sum per mile as might be agreed upon. The land and cash named were offered absolutely, and the basis for competition was the sum on which interest was to be paid for twenty-five years. << The length of the Canadian Pacific RaUway is said to be about 2,726 miles. In comparing tenders, we shall estimate the land at one dollar per acre. The sum on which Mr. Mackenzie's Government would have agreed to pay interest for twenty-five years can only be estimated, but it probably would be equivalent to a cash payment of nearer $10,000 than $5,000 per mile, but we will place it at the smaller sum. On this basis Mr. Blake, as one of Mr. Mackenzie's colleagues, was prepared to pay : — " In cash ^,726 mUes, at $10,000 $27,2(JO,000 " 4 p. c. per annum for 25 years on a sum equal to $5,000 per mile, cash 13,630,000 "Making the cash subsidy $40,890,000 " In land 2,726 miles at 20,000 acres per mile— 54,520,- 000 acres at $1.00 54,520,000 $95,410,000 " Mr. Mackenzie's offer Included 20,000 acres of land per mil« to liranch lintti^ whfle no subsidy to these is allowed to the Syndicate. I I I) 18 " The present Government on its accession to power determined to adhere to the policy of the Liberal-Conservative party, of contracting with a company for the oon- •truoting and operating of the Railway, and did so with the Syndicate, and the actual contract la as follows : — " Railway constructed at cost of $28,000,000 *' Cash 25,000(100 " Jiand 25,000,000 acres at $1 .00 per acre 25,000,000 878,000,000 "Diflerence in favour of the contract with the Syndv* cate as compared with the terms of the Mackenzie Government 117,410,000 ** .And this is exclusive of 20,000 acres of land per mile to Branch Railways." The Land Policy, I now come to the strictures of the authors of the Grit Campaign sheet upon the land policy of the Government, to which they devote six columns. They read like the editorials of the Glohfi upon the subject, telescoped into each other, " figuratively speaking," with a copious supply of headlines in capitals, of which the following are sauipleis : — " Vacillating Policy of the Government;' "Defraud the Poor and Favour the Rich;" " Fourth Series of Regulations;" "The Speculator made Lord of the North-West ;" " Playing into the Hands of the Party;" *' Conceived in the Interests of Speculators;" "The Premier Outrage." I miss, however the words, " Given over to Landlordism," but " Made Lord of the North- West," is not a bad expiession in substitution for the other. Exception is taken to the changes that have made in the land regu- lations. It is true they have been changed from time to time as the Govern- ment believed they m^ght be amended. The regulations for settling a vast region and transforming an "illi- mitable wilderness" into a great enii)ire, could only be tentative ; and if the Goverrmient should become satisfied that the regulations can be fur- ther amended with advantage to the North-West Territories, I hope they will not hesitate to amend them. I should indeed be disappointed if the present Government became like its predecessor, more celebrated for obsti- nacy than for statesmanship. Judged by the test of success, the present regulations are giving satisfaction. A great multitude of independent immigrants are pouring into the Noiih-West Territories, which many members of the Opposition declared to be almost unfit for the abode of man. Between the Ist January last and Ist May instant, 25,000 settlers arrived in Manitoba, and the immigration from Europe to that Province, via the St Lawrence, is at the rate of about 1,000 per week, and probablv half as many more for the same destination, arrive weeRly via New York — many of them bringing with them considerable capital. From that aourue our country is deriving great wealth. Mi n 19 1 may further, say that, early in* last April, landa were sold fc) the amount, in round fibres of $700,000. The even numbered sections to the extent of eighty millions of acres^ including those in the railway belts, are open for homestead and pre- emption. One half of that quantity is absolutely free (except the entry- fee) for homesteads of ICO acres each. It would defy even our opponents, with all their capacity for the mismanagement of public afiuirs to establish Landlordism in a country where such regulations prevail. About eight millions of acres have been granted to companies for colonization and settlement under plan number one of the land regula- tions. (No land has been granted under number two.) These companies will be so many immigration agencies whose interest it will be to settle the tracts disposed of to them, and it will be done without cost to the country. The lands are to net to the Government not less than one dol- lar per acre for the whole area, odd and even numbered sections, and the companies engage to people them within five years. It will thus be seen that under the policy of the Government the rapid settlement of Manitoba and the N. W. Territories is secured and that there is every reasonable prospect that the proceeds from sales of lands will be more than sufiicient to meet the cash subsidy to the Canadian Pacific Railway Company before the whole amount will be payable. This forecast of the future prosperity of our country which I venture to picture is very different from what it would have been had the Mac- kenzie Government remained in power, and it will not be fulfilled if a Blake administration should unfortunately succeed to oifice. Colonizatiou Agreements. A correct abstract of the colonization agreement under plan number one appeared in the Globe of the 8th inst. It is as follows : " We have been shown a copy of the deed under which the Government conveys Dominion lands to colonization companies. Some particulars of its provisions will ba found interesting. " The purdhase money is $2 an acre and five cents for surveying, for the odd- numbered sections in the tract conveyed, payable 40 cents in cash ; balance in four annual instalments, with interest at six per cent, on all past due instalments from the maturity thereof. No deductions will be made because part of the land is unfit for cultivation. The sale is not to indude school lands, Hudson Bay lands, highways, gold, silver, copper, lead, and coal lands, such lands as may be withdrawn under the provisions of the agreement, nor the timber, save that used in settling up the land and for firewood. Squatters are not to be disturbed without consent of the Minister of the Interior. If any of the minerals before mentioned be found, or a harbour exist, the tract of land or water may be withdrawn from the Company by simple notice from the Government. In this case the Government will pay for all improvements or building* on the land, and will refund the purchase money. The Government also reserves power to withdraw from the Company all land found to be within twenty-four miles of the main line of the Canadian Pacific, and the Government does not in this case covenant to pay for improvements or to refund purchase money. The Company agree that, at the expiration of five years from July 1st, 18 — , there shall be settled upon each of two quarter sections in each even numbered section one i .fii 20 hona Jlde leitler. Eadh lettler i» to have Y)eeii placed there by the Company. And the ■ame number of settlen have to be placed by the Company on the odd-num bered lections alio. The decision of the Minister of the Interior as to what constitutes a settler is to be final. If at the end of five years there be any odd-numbered sections not containing two settlers placed there by the [Company, the sale of such section ki to be cancelled. But the money paid by the Company on account of the purchase of such section is to be returned by the Oovemment. " A rebate of f 120 per settler will be allowed for each settler, not exceeding two per section, placed on any of the land by the Company. The rebate is to be applied in diminution of the purchase money of the odd-numbered sections. The enumera- tion of the settlers is to be made yearly. No rebate is to be made for any settler with respect to whom a rebate has formerly been allowed, whether to the same or any other Company. At the end of fire years a final enumeration is to be made, and a further rebate of forty dollars per settler given. " If at the end of five years there be no settler on any section, the Company will not get the rebate ; if there is only one settler on a section it will only receive $160 rebate. But if the Government withdraws any section from the Company the rebate is to be allowed as though settlement had been performed — which strikes U3 as a queer condition, seeing that clause 12, ante.f provides that on a withdrawal of a section, tho purchase money paid by the Company shall be returned. According to this the Com- pany will get back its purchase money and its rebate too, whenever the Govemtnent withdraws mineral or homestead lands. " The Company is not, without the consent of the Government, to part with or prejudice its title to the lands except to bona fide settlers, and with respect to them the power of the Government to withdraw the land will still exist. " Provision is made for absolute forfeiture of the whole tract to the Government whenever the Company falls three months in arrear of its payments ; or cuts timber except for settling two settlers per section, or for firewood ; or parts with its title with- out consent of the Government. As well as the land, the money paid by the Company becomes forfeited. But it is declared to be the intention that, whenever any Com- pany's land and money are so forfeited, the Government will confirm in poasesaion any settler holding not more than 320 acres if and when he has resided upon and cultivated the land for three years. \ ** When all the conditions of the agreement are fulfilled, the Government will grant the odd-numbered sections to the Company in fee simple, save and except the minerals and timber and the sections which may have been withdrawn. It is ex- pressly stipulated that the conditions of the agreement are the only conditions upon which any rights can be found ; no implied contract arising from the peculiar position of any parties will be allowed to have force." It is difficult to understand how the editor of the Globe or the com- pilers of the Grit Campaign Sheet can expect intelligent people to believe that Landlordism can be established under the agreement of which the foregoing is an abstract, and under the existing regulations or uiMler any conceivable regulations or circumstances in the North-West Teri'itories. They well know that Landlordism is impossible on this Continent. The remainder of the Campaign Sheet is filled with misrepresenta- tions of the Tariff and the National Policy. Sir Leonard Tilley, in his Budget and other speeches, has left nothing to be added by me in explanation or defence of the fiscal policy of the 21 Oovemment. The people know that it is the foundation of their aug- mented prosperity. Some Grit Transactions. When reading the Qrit Campaign Sheet, I was much struck with the contrast between th6 frivolous accusations, most of them wilfully fabri- cated, brought by the Opposition asainst the present Oovemment, and the crushing indictments laid by the then Opposition against the Mackenzie Government between 1875 and 1878. The Grit Party cannot advance charges in any way analogous in their character and consequences to the Steel Rail Speculation of Mr. Macken- zie, which entailed a loss upon the country of more than .... $2,000,000 Or the loss of interest in the Lake Superior Section of the Canadian Pacific Railway and Welland Canal, through blun- dering 2,017,722 Or the loss by the useless Fort Francis Lock, the Kamanisti- quia job and buildings, abandoned at ^'^^t Pelly 309,320 Or the loss by the Georgian Bay Branch Railway, respecting which Mr. Blake " could a tale unfold " 41,000 Or the loss by apparent favoritism, including $30,000 to Mr. Blake's « friend Moore " 109,338 Or the loss by the Pacific Telegraph contract brought to light by the Pacific Railway Commission 28,000 Or the prodigious loss by Sir Richard Cartwright's negotiation of the loans of 1874 and 1876 6,051,718 Making the ascertained loss to the country, by the blundering of Mr. Mackenzie's Government $11,157,098 And in addition to these they committed many other costly blunders. There is no instance in history of a political party seeking, as the Grits are now doing, the confidence of an intelligent people without hav- ing a definite policy to submit, for their acceptance. They have been well styled the party of negation. Their platform seems to consist of loose planks, see-sawing either way, accordmg to who steps upon them, whether he be in favour of free impor^ and the destruction of Canadian manufactures, or a mere trim- mer on fiscal and industrial questions. In the absence of a policy, I observe that candidates are being nomi- nated to support and follow Mr. Blake. Those who hafve watched his career may be excused for believing that he holds no fixed political opinions, that his politics are speculative, that the Confederation of the British Empire, the representation of minorities, 82 « and kindred auestions, are to him t&e most congenial subjeots of study, and that for the practical questions, on which depend the aevelopment of Canada and the prosperity of the people, he has no taste, but has taken them up merely as a means of serving his personal ambition. To be elected to follow- Mr. Blake, is therefore, be to be elected to follow a political iviU-o-'-the-wisp. The present Qovemment was raised to power for the purpose of in- augurating a policy of protection to our home industries. They plo'l'^od themselves to that policy, and it is admitted that they have kept their pledges, but it is alleged that the people do not approve of the new policy. They will soon hav(» an opportunity of giving expression to their decision. It will be for the people to say whether they desire to see the country re- duced again to the condition of general prostration and wide-spread bank- ruptcy, which existed down till the election of 1878, and the revival and extension of our industries resulting from the changed policy of 1879. It will be for them to say whether they desire to see our industries again stamped out and our manufactures slaughtered by the foreigner, to see the accumulated wealth of the country diminish instead of increase, the hard- earned savings of the working man withdrawn from the Savings Banks to purchase bread for his family. I say, if the people desire a return of the bitter adversity that reigned under the Government of Mr. Mackenzie, they have only to raise Mr» Blake to power. But if they desire to see the obverse of the picture that I have sketched, if they desire that the great wave of prosperity which is now passing over the land, should increase in depth ana breath until it permeates every in- dustry and enriches every home in Canada, they will take care that the arm of the experienced and patriotic pilot, who has guided the Ship of State with such marked skill and success, shall not be weakened by the withdrawal of any of that popular confidence and support which under an over-ruling Providence have sustained him through the anxietieSi trials and labours of the last four years. I have the honor to be, Gentlemen, Your very obedient servant. D. L. MACPHERSON, Ottawa^ 24th May, 1882. % APPENDIX. Annexed are four tables, which I think you will find convenient for reference : — No. 1. — Explains itself — is very interesting and suggestive. No. 2. — Exhibits the revenue and expenditure, the surpluses, and deficits since Confederation, showing the result of Sir John Maedonald's and Mr. Mackenzie's administrations respectively. No. 3. — The expenditure since 1873-4, showing separately : — (a) The charges for the Public Debt, and subsidies to Provinces. fb) The ordinary expenditure. (c) The charges for collecting the revenue. (a) The expenditure in Manitoba and the North-West Territories. No. 4. — Shows the expenditure from capital account classified since Con- federation. Xo. 1, 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. Mayl. May 1. Mayl. Mayl. Mayl. Total Deposits in Banks of Can- • ada (exclitsive of Oovemment deponts) $62,853,672 $61,785,629 $71,175,728 $78,204,837 $87,826,294 Total Deposits in Gov't Savings Banks 8.497.613 9.207.683 11,052,956 15,836,672 20,023,933 Total of Current Diseo^inta of Oanaoian Bks. 117,724,797 115,382,709 98,388,291 110,590,183 129,591,819 Ohar- 1 4Fl':T>r.UAT10K. -^o 1 i«-ft7* I 1879-80. 1877-78. 18iH-:«ivj ^f Debt since Oonfederation , Total Oapital Expenditure from Income Expenditure on Public Works in former years, transferred from Capital Account to Oonsolid Amount of Income expended on Public Works, properly chargeable to Oapital, and thereby jf * Note. — The sum of the public obligationa was not increased by the assumption ,079 5,254,698 4,927,060 6,923,185 7,] 54,]] 8 7,599,731 6,657,200 5,648,331 8,241,173 8,176,316 76,322.078 20,452,340 t,319 ,389 10,18], 758 4-8,476,502 6,923,185 +7,683,413 7,154,118 +8,543,] 36 7,599,731 +8,683,794 6,657,200 +7,126,760 5,648,331 +2,628,117 8,241,173 +9,461,401 8,176,316 +2,944,191 96,774,418 79,667,139 !,929 1,705,256 -760,228 -1,389,017 -1,084,063 -469,560 -3,020,214 -1,220,227 5,232,124 17,107,279 :0N OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURE. r»tlon 128,731,684 21,457,263 25.878,448 I jderation and Dominion Lands 3,254,681 20,452,340 "ederation \ $96,774,416 79,667, 139 me $17,107, 277 Account to Consolidated Fund in 1870-71 317,680 ipital, and thereby pro tanto avoiding the increase of the Public Debt $10,7^89959'? >f Provinces. The only effect was to transfer the direct liability for the amount of which each Province warn relieved the Province to the Dominion.