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HARBOUR IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 (OOPT.) 
 
 ( Harbodu Commissioners' Office, 
 I Montreal, Dec. 2, 1853. 
 Sir, — III accordance with instructions from tlie 
 Harbour Oommissioners, I have the honor here- 
 with to transmit for His Eicellency the Admin- 
 istrator of the Go'fomjient's consideration, a 
 Report adoptnd by tliem on the 30th ultimo, with 
 
 tonnapie than were oyer employed before in trade 
 with this city : I may nlludo more particularly to 
 the "Sarah Mary," of about 1000 tons i)cr regis- 
 ter, and to the "Water Lilly" and " liannock- 
 burn," ot about 800 tons e<<ch; and later on in 
 the season — in tact, at a period of the year when, 
 previous to our operations in Lake St. Peter, 
 none but small vessels could reach our harbour 
 
 - , . . '"'1"="""' ^"° with their cargoes on board-we had the "Sarah 
 
 reference to the improvement and enlargement s„ndg.. at our wharves ; a steamer ot about 1400 
 of the Hai'bour of Montreal. 
 
 The object which the Commissioners have in 
 
 tonj burden. 
 These are gratifying facts, but yet not the 
 
 view in submitting this Report at present ia re- . ^^^^ important that miy ho adduced with Irefer- 
 specttully to mquire, whether Government will ^_'.u. c. ,i. /.:....„.■ ii„_. i :J .„. 
 
 ence to the fut'ire destiny of Montreal in con- 
 neetionwith the improvements in the navigation 
 of the Lake and Kiver, which sr<i being carried 
 on under the control and direction ot the Harbor 
 Commissioners. I would refer, with still greater 
 
 aid them in the way pointed out therein, provid- 
 ed that the public opinion of the mercantile 
 body of this city should be unequivocally declared 
 in favor of the projected improvements ? 
 
 I am to add, that the manner in which the , ^^j.^^^p,;^^ ^^ ^,,^ f i hat many Com>nies 
 Commissioners would pronose to consult the , ^j ^^^^ ',^; j^^ji^jj^l^,, ,^^g „^^ ^^ ^^^^.^ i„ 
 opmion ot their mercantile .ellow-citizens would .,,,iljj I ii„g%e99ols of 700 to JOG tons bur- 
 be as fo lows :-lhey would publish the Report, ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ « propellers of 1750 to 2000 tons 
 and such documents as they •n-ght de • >t ad- 1 ^ ^ {,^, . , ,, ^^ „g j^^^^, ^ijj, j,,;, 
 
 visable to append to it, in all the leading news- ' ' '. ■> 
 
 pape.'S of the c' 
 
 copiu specially to .„„ ....... ..„„.,. ... --•— . a|j(,„t 300 teet long. Huch lacts alone would in my 
 
 and invite hat body to declare its opinion there- ^^.^^.^^^ ^^^^^^ .^ imperative on U3 to provide 
 
 on, by resolution. „pf.„_„„ Harbour pccommodutions ona larcer scale than 
 
 And if Its decision and the answer of Govern- ^^ ^^^,^^_,j ^^^.^^ j,„^ ,^.|f^,, ,^,^ ^^..j^^^ 
 
 men should be favorable the Commissioner , ^^-^^ .^^^ consideration that it is eniir.lv practi- 
 would then draw up a new Harbour 15,11 for His j^, ^,^^,^^ „,^ ghip-chaniel belween'oir har- 
 Excellencysconsideration-making certain alter- ^,,,, ^,,^. ^^.^^ ,,^4„ red deep al low rein; 
 
 ationsin the existing Tarili, for the purpose of ^,,^ ^^^^^^ by Mr. T. C. Keef-r's report of 2Dth 
 
 ' October last,) and that sucu ileptli, with a mini- 
 
 J . .. . ",, ,i;' 1 ,- a.iu upwaruB, 10 ue IN iioyeu ua irauero Willi mis 
 
 ,d to It, in all the leading news- . J „,^ ^^,,^^^ ^,, the ensuing summer, some 
 city; they would also forward f^^^,,^.^,, ,,^„^^ vessels, I am informed, will be 
 to the Mon real Hoard ot Trade, ^^^,,,j y^^ ,.^^.j ^ g^^,^ ^^^^^ ^,^j,^ ^^^,,^ ;,, 
 
 correcting a few errors which crept into it in 
 
 passage through Parliament ; and also of reduc- 
 ing the rate collected upon many descriptions ot 
 manufactured goods, as well as for the purjiose 
 of altering certain clauses of the Act, which ap- 
 pear to require revision. 
 I am to add, that the Commissio.iers will con- i 
 
 mum width of .'100 teet, may be atiiiined in about 
 four years from the present time, and that in al' 
 probability that iniprovcmont will be carried out 
 without fiiltering or delay ; I siiy, when we take 
 these facts into consideration, the conclusion be- 
 comes inevitable, that the largest vessels already 
 
 aider it a favor to be informed of His Kxcellency's ■ ^^^^^ ^.j,, ,„„,;f^rth prove to be the minimum 
 views upon the suject-matter of this letter, and ^.^^ ^^ ^,^^ ^^,^^,,,^^ ,„;^,g^g^ ^,,„,^ 1^^^^^ ^^^3^.,^ 
 
 earnest pos- ^.jj ^^ employed in many cases, and that the 
 number of all .vill increase from year to year, to 
 keep pace with the development of the trade and 
 resources of the boundless country lying on either 
 sido of the St. Lawrence, and the great inland 
 seas above it. 
 
 If these views with reference to the prospects 
 of .Vontreal be correct, and if the facts I have 
 named with reference to'-ssels of large tonnage 
 being already in course of construction to be 
 employed next summer in trade with Montreal, 
 
 Ahe Report co .uected with it, at tli 
 sible day. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 (Signed,) Jon.v Glass, 
 
 Secretary. 
 Hon. P. J. 0. Chauveau, M.P.P., 
 Provincial Secretary, 
 Quebec. 
 
 (Copy.) 
 MoNTKEAL, 29th Nov., 1853. 
 
 Sib, — The Harbour Commissioners having, on ; be well founded, as 1 believe them to be, then I 
 the 23rd Sept. last, authorized me to communi- consider it ray duty as a Harbour Commissioner 
 cate my views to them on the subject of enlarg- ! to press my opinion upon the notice of my Col- 
 ing and improving the Harbour and the best ' leagues, that increased harbour accommodation 
 means of carrying the same into elfect, I beg to i is required, and that no time should be lost in 
 
 place in your hands, lor their information, the 
 following Report upon the subject. 
 
 The questions to be considered in relation 
 thereto, appear to me to resolve themselves into 
 the following :— 
 
 aaliing t!ie Government and the Legislature for 
 authority and means to provide it. 
 
 This brings me to the consideration o' the 
 next question, viz : — Where is it most expedient 
 to lonitc this new Harbour accommodation, and 
 
 Firtt. Is it necessary to increase the accommo- I of what description should it be? Happily the 
 dation for sea-going vessels in the Harbour ? j Oommissiouers are not in the dark upon this 
 
 Scrojii/. If it is necessary, then where is it most I question, for as far back as the 7th January, 
 expedient to hciitc that accommodation ; and of i 1852, they directed Messrs. Gzouski and Keefer, 
 what description should it be ? i Civil Engineers, to examine the Harbour and re- 
 
 Third. How <;an the funds required for the ; port upon " the best means of enlarging and af- 
 purpose be raised ? '" fording ample accommodation in it for ocean 
 
 In reference to the first of these (piestion?, I ; '■ ships drawing 10 to 17 feet at low water; and 
 have no difliculty in my own mind in deciding " at the same time, " to examine iho ground lying 
 that increased accommodation is required, and " between the fool of the ciirienl Si. Mary and the 
 that it may lu' ruinous to the best interests of i " Lachine Canal, at or near the St. Gabriel Lock 
 Montreal to driay making provision for the same 
 until a jiressurv for it shall arise. We have seen 
 
 the effect of past improvements on the St. Law- 
 rence, both above and below the city. Por in- ; 
 stance, the opening of the Si. Lawrence Canals^ 
 was followed by an expansion of the trade with 
 the country lying West, of us, and a great rsduc- 
 
 with the'view of considering the propriety of 
 constructing a Ship Canal to connect these 
 points, and all'ord the means of building Ware- 
 houses on each side of the Canal — with a com- 
 parative statement of the value of the land to 
 be acquired, and the probable value of land on 
 each side of the Canal when such work was 
 
 lion in the rates ot freight, both upwards and " completed, supposing that the same could be 
 downwards. Again, the iniiiro^-^ments thus far j " disposed of fo.- the erection of Warehouses,": 
 made in the ship-channel between this City and j and these Gentlemen after a thorough survey and 
 Quebec, have been already tullowed by an in- j exiuninalion of the matter in all its bearings, re- 
 crease of sea-going tonnage, trading with this port; ' ported on the 28th January, 1853, that they had 
 and the prospect of a great future increase seems arrived at the following conclusion : — 
 also certain, provided we can only accommodate ' "Desirous (say they after reviewing various 
 the large crai't which are already in course of "other plan-;) of proposing some plan of 
 construction, and spoken of, for the purpose of " Harbour enlargement which, without in- 
 trading with Montreal. Let us recall to mind " volving so large an immediate outlay e.s that of 
 that the deepening of the ship-chanuel in Lake \" the Docks below the " Cross," would be at the 
 St. Peter to \'ifcct at loir water, was only com- : " same time capable of as great ultimate exten- 
 pleted in Nnvember-. IH-'i'J, and yet, what re- !" .si(.n and adaptation for all future wants, we 
 suits have we already seen flowing from it V— ; " tinned our attention in the direction of I'oint 
 In the spring of the present year, several vessels j " St. Charles and the Canal Hasins. This neigh- 
 made their appearance at our rfharvcs of larger I " bo irhood, being the most convenient for the 
 
 " Lake and River craft, and abont to he put in 
 " communication with the Railways connecting 
 " with the south, east, and west, seemed the most 
 " de.iirable point for concentration of the sea- 
 " going Irade. It also, possesses the one great 
 " requisite for the proposed plan of elevated 
 " docks by which sea-going vessels cr.n be 
 " brought alongside of permanent Warehouses — 
 " namelv, a high water level immediately at 
 " hand. ■ 
 
 "It is known chat the Board of Works have 
 " constructed the two Locks between the Basin 
 " at the .Mills and the Harbour with seventeen 
 " feet draught of water, for the purpose of allow- 
 " ing ."ea-gning craft to discharge at the basins 
 " below Wellington Street Bridge. The lower 
 " basin has been excavated to this depth, but the 
 " upper one has not, and gives only ihe ordinary 
 " Canal depth of ten feet. The lower basin is 
 " small and being overflown can have noperman- 
 '■ ent Warehouses upon it. The upper one, if 
 " deepened, possesses no accommodation for the 
 "sea-going trader;— one side being taken up 
 "by the Mills and the other required for the 
 " Canal craft. 
 
 " The Lachine Canal Locks have a length of 
 " two hundred feet, and breadth of forty-five feet, 
 " and although we may expect to see longer craft 
 " at our wharves before many years, those Locks 
 " will pass anything which has hitherto come 
 " from sea, anil by converting them to the uses 
 " for which they were intended, the immediate 
 " outlay for longer Locks will bo avoided. The 
 " Bo.ird of Works may abandon their design of 
 " deepening the Basin Wfctween the second Lock 
 " and Wellington Street Bridge, and in fact this 
 " cannot be done without undermining the dock 
 " walls f.round this Basin ; but it ii perfectly 
 " practicable, without approaching ii,juriously 
 " near to these walls, to dredge a straight chan- 
 " nel one hundred feet wide or more from the 
 " second Lock to the proposed site for a Graving 
 " Dock, which it is to be presumed from the ar- 
 " gemeiit of the Locks will be constructed to 
 " ; imit sea-going craft. This .e.bftn.iiel.n^enp,d. 
 " deep-draught vessels could be brought from the 
 "Harbour past all the .Mills, and trom thence 
 " could be conducted into Basins or Docks form- 
 " ed either on the land in rear of the Emigrant 
 " Sheds, or in the River upon the Point St. Charles 
 " shoals. The latter plan has the advantage that 
 " it can hereafter be made independent of the 
 " Canal Locks by the construction of others of 
 " the largest class connecting these new Docks 
 I " with the Harbour outside of Windmill Point. 
 " The outer wall encHBing these Docks would 
 " not be available for Warehouses on account 
 " of its exposure; but sutiicient accommoda- 
 " tion could be provided on the shore side 
 ; " and upon interior division walls. There would 
 " be 710 excavation, nu land damac;cs, a;d deeper 
 " water, and tlierejbre !>^liter /pjchon, than in the 
 " ' inland' basins. This work can be constructed 
 " In sections, as required ; and by a wide canal, 
 "■cut out of ihe river bank round Point St. 
 " Charles, the whole imide frontage may be built 
 " up with warehouses, protected by the width of 
 " the canal and its outer bank from ice-shoves. 
 " This canal may be extended to the channel be- 
 " tween Nuns' Island and the main shore ; and by 
 " throwing an embarkment accross the foot of 
 " this channel, and another below the outlet of 
 " the River St. Pierre, the intermediate space 
 " may be iilled up with water; forming a basin 
 " nearly one mile long, and averaging about '._, 
 " a mile wide, with Nuns' Island as a breast-work 
 " between it and the river. These embankments 
 , " would be raised above the highest floods, and 
 " would ciiiiiiect Nuns' Island by two permanent 
 " ' bridges' with the main shore. The water of 
 " this channel would be turned outside of Ihe 
 " island ; and although the level at the mouth of 
 " the St. I'ieire River would be raised, it would 
 " still lie under the ordinary winter level, and 
 ' " no important damage could accrue. 
 
 " The eo.st of deepening the canal basin from 
 " the second Lock to the Graving Dock, which 
 " would be about £5,000, should be borne by the 
 " Board of Works. The expenditure of the Ilar- 
 " hour Commissioners, would commence with the 
 " connection of this basin with the new docks 'n 
 " the fiver, and the cotstruction of the latter, 
 " The route of this connection would bo through 
 " the large waste-weir constructed by the 
 " Board — which would simply be transferred far- 
 I " ther out, and placed in the walls of the new 
 ! " docks. 
 
" Tlie pli'.u of the (lock enclosure would be o. 
 " the iiio-il i-conomicul, iillhougli emewnt churac- 1 
 " ter Two walls ol' limber crib-work, diarlly | 
 " tilled Willi earlli,) pliiccd with a spaci between i 
 " them, whicb would be tilled wir.h puddled cUy, 
 " would answer every purpose— and as in time 
 " ihe fa"e8 of this work, above the water line, 1 
 " become deca\ ed, they may be cut away and a i 
 " masonry wall (resliu(? ou the timber under wa- 
 " ter) be substituted. 
 
 " We are of opinion, that for about the sura o 
 " seventy-live thousand pounds, an additional 
 " accommodation of from litteen to twenty acres 
 " ot basins and dock-room tan be obtained." 
 
 With reference to the Report 1 have just quoted, 
 I beg to say that I have duly considered 
 it and have carefully examined the Plans ; 
 in connexion wi'-h ii, and after mature reflexion, | 
 have come to the conclusion that, what Messrs. 
 Ozowski & Keefer have recommended, is the very | 
 best pnictical plan that can be adopted, viz : the i 
 construction of Docks in 'he River upon the | 
 Point St Charles Shoals. The;,- have shown, that 
 in an EiiKineering point of view, there are no 
 dilticuliies that cannot be overcoiie, and that it 
 is the mo.U economical of all the plans that sug- 
 gested themselves to their minds for examination. 
 On the other hand, with reference to itseligi- 
 bili, '1 connecticm with the Commerce of the 
 Citv, it appears to me to embrace every quality 
 whi'ch ihe Harbour of Montreal demands. 
 
 It would brinu the largest Sevgoing vessels 
 and the largen Inland craft together ; it would 
 atlord room for Warehouses, where their respec- 
 tive cariroes could be warehouseri without cart- 
 age, and in Ihe most economical way possible by 
 machinery driven by water; moreover, it would 
 connect both the sea going and the Inland vessels 
 with the Grand Trunk Railw.iy on PointSt Char- , 
 les, and no doubt ii. time, with all the other Rail- i 
 ways in the Country— thereby alTording a'. 
 means of warehousing and transhipment cot 
 to be Burpas-sed for economical fa",ilities in 
 any Harbour in the world. But, there is still an 
 other view ot the matter which carries great | 
 weight in my mind, which is this— that the 
 Bridge over the St. Lawrence, (being as it will be i 
 a section of the Grand ""runk Railway) will give ! 
 that Company and those making use of their 
 road, the choice of Portland or Point Levi as sea 
 ports, and hence in my opinion it must become 
 ■ all-iiiipoitaut (or die in tei cats of Montreal, thut 
 the cost af transferring property from one mode 
 or means of conveyance to another, should be re- 
 duced to the lowest possible point at which it 
 could be done at either of the aforesaid places. 
 These circumstances appear to me to be very 
 important, for it is well known that the cartage 
 of property and the handling of it by manual la- 
 bour alone,— particularly the bulky staples of 
 this country,— add greatly to its cost in moving 
 it from one"i>oint to another; in fact, I may add 
 that 1 believe, that the ch-ef cause of Boston's se- 
 curing so large a share of the trade of Canada, j 
 in spite of the competition of her more powerful j 
 rival New York, is to ho found in the former City i 
 possessing warehouses and railway-tracks, so si- 
 tuated as to render cartage with its attendant ex- 1 
 penses unnecessary, while New York is not so 
 fortunately situated. 
 
 .Assuming then that my Colleagues will agree 
 »ith me as to the necessity of providing further 
 uccommodalion for sea-going vessels, as well as 
 with reference to the most eligible site for such 
 improvements, I will now refer briefly to the mode 
 in whicii I think the funds migh' be raised, which 
 would lie required to carry the same into effect. 
 
 Messrs. Gzowski and Keefer, as already seen, es- 
 timate the cost of 15 to 20 acres of Basins and 
 Dock-room at £7.5,000 ; but I would propose to ask 
 f .r authority to -aise £100,000 for the purpose so 
 as to ensurean ample amount. And I would pro- 
 pose to raise that sum by Debentures having a 
 suithule time to run ; moreover as the improve- 
 ments in question would be for the benefit 
 of the Province generally as much as for Mont- 
 real, I would a.ik Government to guarantee the 
 interest on the Debentures, in the same manner 
 as it has already guaranteed the interest on what 
 has hitlierto bei-n borrowed to construct the 
 wharves that now exist. If Government should 
 aiiree to iliis, then a Hill iiould be presented lo 
 the Legislature at its next Session, with the sanc- 
 tion of Oovernmeii;, asking for the necessary 
 powers; and, if passed, the WoiiKS should be 
 commenced as early as practicable next Spring 
 or Summer. But if Government refuse the gua- 
 rantee relerred to, 1 would still recommend the 
 pruciiriug of an Act from Parliameul lO aiitbo- 
 rize the borrowing of money. 
 
 Before concluding, I may add that it has not 
 tscaiied my atteulioii that a very large extension 
 
 of the present Harbou' acooramodation mu»i be 
 made in the course ni time in the direction of 
 
 Uochelaga Bav For example, the li le in lire- 
 wood is rapidly increasing, and so als is that in 
 sawn-luraber ; aud should the Montreal and By- ; 
 town Railway be constructed and made to pass 
 out of the City by the Kast end of the Mountain, it I 
 appears to mo that in that case Hochelaga Bay will 
 become a large shipping point for ,he lumber 
 and wood-goods that would be brought from the 
 Ottawa— thereby necessitatinp the construction 
 of Harbour accommodation at that point. But al- 
 though this may be found necessary in the course 
 of time ; yet, from the fact that no warehouses : 
 I can be erected there and made secure from ice- 
 shovea during winter any more than in the pres- , 
 ent Harbour, it in no way detracts from the ne- j 
 , cessity which I believe to exist for the construc- 
 tior. sf Docks upon the Point St. Charles Shoals 
 I in connexion with which warehouses to almost ^ 
 I auy extent could be erected free from that , 
 I danger. i 
 
 Hoping my Colleagues will see tit to concur in 
 these views, and adopt my Report, j 
 
 I am, Sir, | 
 
 Your obedient Servant, , 
 
 (Signed,) John Yooho, 
 
 Chairman Harbour Commissioners. 
 John Glass, Ksquire, i 
 
 Secretary, > ] 
 
 &c. Ac. Ac. ) 
 
 MR. KEEFBR'S REPORT OF HIS SURVEY OF 
 THE RIVER SAINT LAWRENCE AND 
 LAKE SAINT PETER, WITH REFER- 
 [ ENCE TO THE HARBOUR COMMISSION- 
 ERS' OPERATIONS. 
 
 (.Mkmobandusi.) 
 The following Report, havini; been duly con- 
 sidered by the Harbour Commissioners, they re- 
 solved thereon as follows : — 
 
 " Whereas, it is shown by Mr. T. C. Keefer's i 
 
 " Report, of the 25th October last, that it is prac- 
 
 '■ ticaWe to deepen the Ship Channel between the 
 
 " Harbour of Montreal and the Sea, to twenty ; 
 
 " feel at low water, by adopting tl Channel 
 
 " known as the South Channel, between Vercherea 
 
 ' " and Lavaltrie ; aud whereas, it is desirable that 
 
 ! " the Ship Channel shojld be carried lo said 
 
 " depth, provided accommodation can be tound 
 
 "in the Harbour for vessels drawing aueh 
 
 " draught of water ; and whereas, the Coraiuis- 
 
 " sioners adopted on the ;!Oth ultimo a scheme of 
 
 " Harbour improvements that would provide am- 
 
 " pie accommodation for such vessels : therefore, 
 
 " Resolved, That they deem it expedient to 
 
 " adopt the pohcy ot deepening the Ship Channel 
 
 ' " to twcniij feet at low witter, and of carrying 
 
 " the same into ett'ecl as early as practicable, 
 
 " provided they are enabled at the same time to 
 
 " carry out the scheme above referred to for im- 
 
 " proving and enlarging the Harbour." 
 
 (Oertjlied,) Jou.n Glass, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 (CoP' j 
 
 MoNTnKA:^, - ith October, 1853. 
 Sir,— I have the honor to report, that 1 have 
 completed the examination of the River St. Law- 
 rence at such points as obstructions to a naviga- 
 tion for twenty feet draught of waier were anti 
 cipated, or known to exist. It may be proper 
 that I should repeat here the reasons which 
 made such an examination necessary. 
 
 It will be remembered that on the 2.1th Aug. 
 last, a vessel was taken down from Montreal, hav- 
 ing a draught of water greater by four feet than 
 the depth upon the Fhus in Lake St Peter. This 
 vessel was in charge of a competent .Pilot, and 
 navigated in the deepest channel knr.vn to the 
 Pilots, and established by their marks. Although 
 she passed Lake St. Peter without grounding, 
 she touched the bottom at four points iiboce 
 Lake St. Peter, viz., at " Varennes," " Isle a la 
 Bague," " St. Siilpice," and above and opposite 
 the Island of " Lavaltrie." In consequence of 
 the foregoing, the Superintendent of the Lake St. 
 Peter Works, who was on board of the " Califor- 
 nia" when she touched at the above points, not- 
 ilied the Harbour Commissioners that, if, as was 
 probable, the dredging operations (il'uvc Lake 
 St. Peter had to be extended beyond former anti- 
 cipations, early preparations in the shape of a 
 new Dredge, adapted to the botloni to be re- 
 moved (whicli is harder than that in Lake St. 
 Peter, and cannot be worked by the Dredges em- 
 pliived there), miist be made. The letter of Capt. 
 Beli having been referred to me, 1 advised an 
 examination of the River with the following ob- 
 jects in view: — 
 
 I 
 
 iBt. TosBcertain whether the channel, as nav- 
 igated by the Pilots, really was the one in which 
 the deepest water was to be found, aud it there 
 were any objections, such ns currents, shoals, 
 crooked or narrow features, which prevented the 
 use of deeper channels, if such existed. 
 
 2nd. To examine into the nature and extent of 
 tl e obstructions in the Pilotii' channel, and o 
 compare them with those in any other chaiiael 
 which might be found, with a view of determin- 
 ing upon which route onr efTorts should be di- 
 rected, in order to obtain the most economical 
 channel for the ocean trade with Montreal. 
 
 3rd. The scale of navigation under the present 
 plans contemplated by tl •■ Harbour Commission- 
 ers being for a depth of 17 feet at low water, it 
 was desirable lo ascertain what ditliculy existed 
 elsewhere than in Lake St. Peter, to extending 
 the depth tc 20 feet at low water, should the 
 commerce of Ihe Port hereafter warrant such an 
 attempt. The success which has attended the 
 operations in Lake St. Peter ni.il^es the deepen- 
 ing of that great barrier to the trade of Montreal 
 a matter of time and money only, both of which 
 maybe estimated with all necessary accuracy. 
 As it was very probable that the deepening of 
 Lake St Peter would not slop at the gnage of 
 17 feet, provided the known cost of further ope- 
 rations in this Lake were the only or principal 
 barrier to bringing up the largest class of ocean 
 vessels to Montreal— it became desirable to as- 
 certain the extent of all other obstructions in 
 order that if these were light it might be deter- 
 mined to remove them to a g. eater depth than 
 1 7 feet rather than return to thera a second time, 
 inasmuch as a great part of the expense of re- 
 i moving these detached shoals consists in bring- 
 ing the dredges on the ground and mooring 
 I them. 
 
 1 Upon an examination ot Bayfield's charts it 
 , did not appear that there was any want of water 
 at many of the points where vessels had touched 
 in the Pilots' channel. The Pilots' channel had 
 been in use previous to the survey made by Bay- 
 fisld and has not been changed, because although 
 not in the deepest water it containe.; a depth 
 sufficient fo- any vessel which could get over the 
 Flats in Lake St. Peter. As this depth is to he 
 found in many parts of the river " in sliore," lUe 
 Pilots' have naturally " followed the land ' and 
 upon that side of the River with which they 
 were best acquainted, or, probably, which was - 
 earliest aud most extensively inhabited. 
 
 Upon Ihe appearance of such ve--sels as the 
 " California," drawing by several feet more 
 water than in any iirevious year, it became evi- 
 dent from thefact of her touching at many points 
 where vessels had never touched before, that if 
 the Pilots' channel were the best which could be 
 obtained it would be necessary to pause and ex- 
 amine the extent of these new obstructions before 
 ever. Ihj prescint scale of navigation contem- 
 1 plated by the Commissioners should be persever- 
 ed in, because there was good reason to suppose 
 ! that when Lake St. Peter was deepened to 17 
 j feet instead of sixteen feet as at present, the ei- 
 \ isting, or Pilots' channel, would be impassable. 
 I Upon procuring a set of Bayfield's charts, 
 " corrected to 1848," upon which the lights and 
 bearings have been marked down, it became 
 evident from inspection that the channels navi- 
 gated, ns in:!icated by these lights and hearings 
 at two important poinis in the River, were not 
 in the natural channel of the River of indicated 
 by Bayfield's charts. The recent examination of 
 the River, therefore, was not for the purpose of 
 making a survey ile iioco which would have taken 
 years, but to ascertain whether the channels as 
 indicated by Bayfield were still in existence— 
 whether any unfavorable changes had taken 
 place in them within the twenty years which 
 have elapsed since that survey, or whether there 
 were substantial local causes, currents, Ac, 
 which caused their neglect. I may here observe 
 that it is questionable whether the Pilots' have 
 seen Bayfield's charts., which, as engraved for 
 that portion of the River between Montreal and 
 ', Quebec, are upon too small a scale to be of any 
 ^ practical service. 
 
 , The results of the present survey, however 
 gratifying they may be. cannot he considered 
 unexpected, as they have proved rather a m- 
 firmation of the accuracy of Bayfield, tlian Ueve- 
 loped any new discovery. These very full 
 explanations are made, in order that, the object 
 ; of the survey should not be misunderstood, or 
 its scope overrated. Within the tirae alloted it 
 was not possible to make very minute and 
 expensive surveys, and fortunately such were 
 not required. When our course was arrested by 
 striking the bottom, the examination was con- 
 tinued un.il it was settled whether it was a 
 
" lumpi" or stone, or extended bar Trhich cftused 
 the shoaliiii;. 
 
 I am abuut to prepiiro largo charts of the ri/f.r 
 between Moiitri-al and Quebec, wMch will show 
 at a glance (he position and extension of the 
 obstruclions to a navigation of 17, IS, Vl, ftn 1 20 
 feel depth ut low water. Without these charts 
 it ta impossible to convoy a correct idea of whAt 
 la requirid. I will, hr.wever, proceed to state 
 what has bi-en done, and what in my judgment 
 remainM lo he done. 
 
 The sleiiniir n.^'cd for the servici' was provided 
 with two good boats and crews -spara of 30 to 
 35 feet in length, sounding poles, boring auger, 
 long light lines for measuring, &c. Stout spars 
 "orH forced down twenty-one feet below the 
 
 greater depths than IT feet, and also for the pur- ; the bridges, at the Cote St. Paul Lock, at Brewi- 
 poso of testing the direction ot the artificial ter's liaflin, and at Wellington Street, 
 channel as compared with the deep pools above The higher of these levels, that ab.jve the Cote 
 and below it I reserve my remarks upon this St. Paul Lock, is too elevated to be made use of 
 Lake until the completion of the Winter survey i as an open canal -as the water would in that 
 on the ice, for which preparations have been | case stand acme twenty feet over the level of 
 JJjJ„jg ' j Craig Street at the Haymarket. It might, how- 
 
 Learning that there ware two points below I ever, be employed on account of the superior 
 Three Rivers where vessels o. 10 feet draught ' pressure it would atlbrd, and the smaller pipe 
 would be arrested, I proceeded to examine them. ! whii h could be iist-d in the event of water being 
 Thelirst is the " I'oulier I'rovenche," a short dis- taken through the tovn in cast iron pipes for 
 tance below the mouth of the Uiver St. Maurice, the purpose of supplying basins formed below 
 
 ~ the Victori.. Road. 
 
 The second level, that from above the St. 
 
 C.iiliriel Lock, would be the most economical 
 
 one, as it would place the lev-els generally in 
 
 Poulioi such a position as to call for the least excavation 
 
 in formiug the canal through fje town, but as it 
 
 St Maurice— The blue water of the St. Lawrence, would place the water line some ten feet over 
 
 and ([uite upon the north shore. The Pilots' 
 channel here runs over a shitting sanl bank 
 Witt sixteen feet water, and sometimes less. 
 Ai n proof that they are not in the natural ban- 
 
 f r TFiSE;SH/SI;: yS^:;^?;Sr"^^(^-Ji=«:OraigStree.. it wo.d be inconvenient tor the 
 
 here passes between Isles L aigle and « • '«f "'"" ^" '""J"' ^^^^^ 
 
 Thercae; and as there are two other channels, ^'^f/^f '^„„ 'JoCSo um The third level, although more expensive in 
 
 th3 one upon the aouth and I'le other upon he , aele at once br^^^^^^^^ Uoche, oppo- i the excavation, is' on all points the most desir- 
 
 north, respectively, of the above iBlands th.« H.e '«'^ "^^^^^^^'^j;;, ia undoubtedly less wa- \ able for carrying out the project of an extension 
 division of the wa.ers baa caused a bar which J^,'',?'^ A""[- "J*",^;'/^!, ^ut as there is a through the town for the following reasons :- 
 closes the entrance to allot these channels. Upon '" ,^"°.'°''™,^^^ of at ^ By this plan th. extension would leave the 
 
 sounding in small boats this bar was found to be: prig ide of aUe^^^^ J^_^^l ^. ^,^^ ^^ ,,^^.„ ^^^^^^ 
 
 extremely narrow, and having an average exceed- '«^f^/°"''j^7J,*^ '^^/.^o f^^^ Street Bridge, and passins: to the 
 
 ing20 feet of water ; but in consequence ot a f^^^ °^^j^ "/ ^^^^ the Lachine Railway terminus would 
 
 detached " iump" in tlie centre of the channe «"'«™ "^'^^ '^"P^^ ^^^^ 1,,^ ehannel, with but , thereby avoid, this Railroad, which would not be 
 
 with about n feet at low water, >f » R ""ter ^'^ ^ar .^^re^^"^'^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 depth than this is entered upon, '' J^'^' ''.^^ ^'^.'^^'l^ ^on j^^^^^^^^^ clay Near Cape Gabriel Lock. 
 
 necessary to pass the dredge once over this f"""'; '"^^^^f/^'ji °' '„ ; " eW irregular-no re- 2ndly. It would pass through the city with a 
 
 point, as the obstruction is looama 1 fortneasure- ^"f'';.^7.™^°'^^^ evWent from the width of ^ water level about aa high as Craig Street at ita 
 
 draught. From Pointeaux Trembles to Lavaltne ^""'■' ' ';;;^„^°^ ''"^X J/, 'J the expense will be hi^^^ level would iuvolve three Locks, the 
 
 the whole of the middle - P--»^,;„bip chann ^^^^*'^«^;,7„°-^j^^-[^ '^vMe the necessity of, lockage of which must be taken by every vessel 
 
 was examined in small boats ^"^r »« watins for hieh water with vessel?, of deep- coming into dock by this plan, 
 
 islic of the middle channel rom yarenne» to ""^'^ "^„, ". Jft'^^^f "hicl now come up. ] In addition to its great expense, the Canal 
 
 Lavaltne, is that of a generally good width and "r '^ «"g' t^^J .rLavaltr -, in tlie .outh chan- ' through the town, h.wever carefully constructed, 
 
 depth, but embracing numerous shoa sin all posi- „,"""f,',,Xpo ate a"x Trembles, disi.layed a would seriously interfere with the drainage and 
 
 tions, nearly all of which have about htte..n feet "« ""^ J^f °^^ clay wh?ch allbrds ni obstacle to : sewage of the city- would injure existing cellars, 
 
 at lowest water in summer, and have not there- sot'^"'";;.^"'"^ '^''^^ ''""'° ''""'"° " | ^^d cut olf the whole present system ot gas and 
 
 fore oflFered anv obstruction to the anciert draught dredging, 
 of water. The most confined part of this chan- ; 1 
 nel is that abreiist of Isle a la Hague, where we »- 
 measured the width between the lines of 17 feet 
 at lowest water, and found it to be two hundred 
 and Ihirty feet. This measurement is valuable, 
 as shewing that a channel of such width where 
 straight is practicable. The most objectionable 
 feature of the middle channel, from Isle De Lori<;, 
 St. Laurent, or Laurette, as it is called, below 
 
 I have the honor to be, 
 ^ Sir, 
 
 Yonr obedient Servant, 
 (Signed,) Thomas C. Kkefkb, 
 
 Engineer Harbour Commissionera. 
 JoH.v Glass, Esy., 
 Secretary, 
 Harbour Commissioners. 
 
 J 
 
 water pipes — |dacing the business portion of tbe^ 
 ; city upon an UlauJ, aad ti*i;ive sufficient wiath^ 
 I to moor vessels on either aide without obstruct- 
 ing the centre channel, a great width must be 
 I excavated, and some dlBiculty would be experi- 
 enced to get rid of this large amount of excava- 
 tion. We are not therefore prepared to recom- 
 mend the adoption of this scheme, and have not 
 felt authorized to enter into complicated and 
 laborious estimates and plans necessary for the 
 
 cost of 
 
 Vareimes.totbenorthshorebelowIslealaBagiie,; v npnpneirn WMI umv purpose of even approximating to the 
 
 is that it is subjected to a strong cross current, REPORT ON THE PROPOSED ENLA^^^ : I {; „„dertaki-| 
 
 pouring out of the Uoul de L'isle channel of the JISNT OF THE MONTREAL HARBOUR. ^ ^^^ principal u ■■ as assigned in our instruc- 
 
 Ottawa ; the greater part ot which watercrosses Montreal, January 2«th, 1853. ^jong f^^ (1,,^ project are for the purpose of " af- 
 
 the ship channel, and passes on the South Shore, | ^^ ^^^^ Harbour Commissioners of Montreal : j " fording means of building Warehouses on each 
 
 or by Vercheres. ,. ...:_.„.„„^ ,„. .^/ GENTi,KMEN,-In obedience to your instruc- '' ^'A« o*:,^h« ^Canf'-I" short for accommoda- 
 
 It the present Channel be maintained for the ,. "f "■^"^'•■'r,'"^,^"^^];;^;,;." fg^ we^W tion'similar to that which would be atforded by 
 increased depth of 17 feet at lov .ater, dredging , t ons. .^^^^^^^^Jf ^Jjj^^l, J^nTS^Jt, ui'-or-' Th'e the Upper Canal Basin if deepCed for the en- 
 
 « best means of enlarging and affordiug ample trance ot sea-going craft. 
 
 " accommodation in thf Harbour ot Montreal for ' In view otHhe probability that h" great ex- 
 " Ocean Ships drawing sixteen to seventeen pense of, ind the many obstacles to, continuous 
 "W. of water" i Canal extension-it became our duty to consider 
 
 You suggested to us " the propriety of exam- how far the above object might be secured by 
 '■ amining the ground lying between the foot of carrying the necessary supply of water from a 
 ■' t™ Current^nd the Lachine Canal, at or high level through the Town . a pipes for the 
 " near the St. Gabriel Lock, with the view of purpose of forming a Reservoir to wo k docks 
 "considering the propriety of constructing a placed on the vacant ground, north of tke Vic- 
 " ship canal to connect these points, and thusaf- toria Road. 
 " fording the means of building warehouses on 
 " each side of the Canal,' and called for " a 
 " comparative statement of the value of the land 
 " and houses to be acquired, with the probable 
 each side of the Canal, 
 
 1111 i.^i»on* .*^ ,..„...-.. — , 
 
 at several points between Vartnnes a'.id 
 trie will be necessary ; and in addition, a good 
 system of buoys and additional lights, if naviga- 
 ted by night. Before proceeding to examine 
 more minutely the many obstructions in the 
 present channel, I turned to that on the South 
 Shore by Vercheres, where it was evident from 
 inspection, that by far the greater portion of the 
 water flowed. The examination of this channel 
 showed, that even in its present state, it is navi- 
 gable for vessels of the deepest draught through- 
 out, and that there is only one point '.n it where 
 improvement is desirable. This is under Cape 
 St. Michael, between Isles Delorier and Belle- 
 garde, where there are two channels, the deepest 
 
 The construction of docks below the Victoria 
 Road to be worked by water brought under 
 ground from the Canal, while it would meet the 
 wants of the Port, admits of a far more economi- 
 cal arrangement, and the whole plan is under 
 much better control than would be that of the 
 Canal extension. In the latter case the levels of 
 the docks below the Victoria Road would be es- 
 
 l^itwo hund"rX:rr"'A 'feVwer work "' HZ "sucrwork^ is completed, supposing that 
 
 radredge'«iU i^e this channelwider than " the same could be disposed of for the erection I 
 
 that used at present -and one Summer's work " °/ \'°'«^°"*^^- therefore made the result of ' tablished not by the ground on which they were 
 
 would make it all that could be desired In ad- A ^^7/,^^ J*^,,™"'"/*, "^^^^^ pl„ced, but by the particular level which was 
 
 dition to its great depth of water bo advantage 'J 'f " '^ewn ^'P™ ^^^ Lst adapted to passing the Town Whereas by 
 
 ous to the tug.s, the South channel follows a high, ^'^^^/^^^Xill ,'ockTb^^^^ bringing down the required water in pipes any 
 
 bold shore throughout, making, s navigation by he St Gatael Locks b K^,^^_ 4^ „ost convenient and 
 
 night or day unattended with difficulty. 
 
 Ihe next point is Laval lie, where no improve 
 ment eiin be made in the pre.^ent channel, which 
 should however be widened without delay. An 
 
 tare and Craig Streets to the Cross, and also to 
 the outlet of Ruisseau Migeon. 
 
 The result of this survey proves, as might 
 have been anticipated, the entire pradicabUihj 
 
 ihoulu however De wiueneu wiiuuiiL uciaj'. ii u ii...v „..-.. , • , — ;; „ , • . , ,i,„ 
 
 estimate of the amount of dredging for different of extending the Lachine Canal through the 
 
 denUisat hspoim, will be furnished with tie town, and of forming basins upon which ware- 
 
 aepiHs ai 11113 |juiiii, nil. V. i.„..„„„ „„„ij ho orontort BO that t iH fixecution of 
 
 Noraye and Lake St. Peter, as both Charts, Pilots, ' this scheme is one of cost and expediency, 
 aud the character of the river, indicated abun- 
 
 Three levels were carried through the town. 
 
 econonnial may be adopted. The best arrange- 
 ment in tills case would be to place the dock 
 level, so that the excavation will be only what is 
 required to make the surrounding embankments; 
 and this condition of the ground determines the 
 proper point for the dock entrance from the 
 lliver. It is very desirable that the levels of the 
 docks should be no higher than is sufficient to 
 
 ,n order to ascertain which would be the most place tlem beyond the reach ot the highest win- 
 
 ot Lpjlicable to the profile of the route, ri=t., one tor fiood of the River : and this is as nw a, pos- 
 
 fo i from the level of the Canal water under each of sible the same level as that ot the Canal bas.nft 
 
 dance "f water between these points. m jiocr lu uotciio.ii " u.x.^ ,.„...„ «„ .... — . j_ „ , ,.,,:. uupr- ou.l tliia Uaa near as pna- 
 
 Lake St. Peter was examined, with a vie«^"^ mi'-i^'fj^.^/r^^'^l^ ..r fiood o, ,!,., Rive. . _n.. ._ 
 
 determining the quantity ot work necessary 
 
ti-^,1 
 
 t ' 
 
 nt tlin Mill^, nml will re<|iiiro tvro locks to main- 
 tain Cdiiuniinication witli the River. 
 
 In orili I to shorten tlio rouie, pluco the docks 
 a9 near the town as [losaible, and obtain the ad- 
 vantaKcs nfTdi'lcd by Hochelag'i Hay, the line 
 from the Cute St. Tuul lock tern.inated iit thij 
 bay — )mt the hei«ht of the natural .iiirfuco oiipu- 
 site tliis point, culls for a wa.er 'evel at least aj 
 high 113 that cbove the St. Oabriel lock, and 
 would tiiorefore make three locks uetessary for 
 the connection with the Kivcr. The a^rupincij 
 of the ground would make combined locks advi- 
 sable, and therotorc, every vessel would bo sub- 
 jected to the additional lockage of one lo'^k be- 
 fore she could be brought alongside of the ware- 
 houses, — which latter would t)o, in this ciae, 
 placed some ten feet higher than is necessary for 
 the purpose of avoiding the river Hoods. 
 
 The survey, therefore, was extended down to 
 Unisseau Migeon, which route alTords every 
 choice of ground, and is admirably adapleil for 
 the construction of eztensive and econoniiciil ba- 
 sins approachable I'rom the River with the least 
 amount of lockage. The ground between the 
 " Cross" and Huisseau .Migeon, for a distance ot 
 three-fourths of a mile in the line of the bisins, 
 
 ifl the lirst which can be reached suiriciently, low 
 to admit of their economical construction and ad- 
 vaniigeous arrangement in relation to the River. 
 
 The locks would bo combined and placed at 
 the River bank, the entrance being nearly at 
 right angles to the Quebec road, from which they 
 would extend back in the same direction about 
 one-fourth of a mile, and then turn up following 
 tile biw groimd, running nearly parallel with thi 
 river at this di.slance. From ttie "Uroes' up, the 
 )'round is too high for basins without the u^c of 
 auollier lock, by means ot which they may be 
 brought as high up au Viger Sijuare ; it found de- 
 sirable. 
 
 Tlie distance from the Cote St. Paul Lock to 
 Rui.Hjeau Migeon is about li' , miles ; from the St. 
 (iabriel Lock, or the Seminary liasin, aliout 1'^, 
 miles; to the Cross the distance would l)0 about 
 three-fourths of a mile less. The shortest line of 
 pipe which could be used for the supply ol the 
 L'luius. wo\dd bo taken from the St. Gabriel ; 
 Lock — and it would not be necessary to continue , 
 the pipe beyond the \ iotoria Road, liclow which ' 
 poini un open conduit iiiiiy be (iii|iloyed, if, is is '. 
 probulile, it proves tlie elieiiper mode. This would 
 call for about two miles of iron pipe, which, as it 
 
 would feed • itoring reiervolr, need .lot be of 
 larger dimenaionB than would supply the lo3s 
 from evaporation, leakage, Ac, and restore at 
 night the reservoir head drawn down by lockage 
 during the day. 
 
 The cost of carrying out this plan, can only 
 be determined by delining the amount of Dock 
 accommodation; and, without going intodetails, 
 we are ol opinion, that nothing in tlie way of ad- 
 ditional accommodation — wiili the largest class 
 of locks, and the full depth ot wlir— could oe 
 effected aliortof an outlay of i 11)0,01)1). Although 
 the time may not be far ilistant wlicn the cod- 
 struction of docks below the "Cross' will be 
 desirable, at present this site would be incon- 
 veniently distant, and only valuable as an " En- 
 tre-pot," where goods from Sea or InUiud to be 
 forwarded up or dovui, would change craft ; and 
 it would be removed from ibe Railway connec- 
 tions and the Urldyo wbicli must lie ubuvc the 
 Harbour. 
 
 (Signed,) C. S. GzowsKi. 
 
 Tiin.-i. C. Kkkkeh. 
 
 \(ilc. — The remainder of thii Report lias been 
 already published, being incorporated in that of 
 tUe Hon, Jubo Young, published on tlie 2tilb inst. 
 
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