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 1 
 
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 1 
 
 2 
 
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 6 
 
1^ 
 
/ / . . 
 
 i 
 
 '^^'-^^''A//^ 
 
 -■»/' 
 
 1 
 
 SUCCINCT 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 MISSIONS 
 
 ■^ 
 
 VIEW I 
 
 ■^ £STABLIJ)HED 
 
 AMONG THE HEATHEN 
 
 B Y T H E 
 
 CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED, 
 
 A BRIEF ACCOUNT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MISSION 
 
 ESTABLISHED AMONG THE 
 
 ESQUIMAUX INDIANS, 
 
 O N T H E 
 
 COAST OF LABRADOR. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed by M. Lewis, No. i. Pater-nofter-Row, for the 
 Brethren's SociEry for the Furtherance of the 
 Golpel : and fold by M. Lewis, and at all the 
 Brethren's Chapels. 
 
 MDCCLXXIV. 
 
 V ' 
 
rv'r»v. 
 
 ■ .^t:*'/ r >« 
 
SUCCINCT VIEW 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 MISSIONS 
 
 E STAB LI S H 1: D 
 
 AMONG THE HEATHEN 
 
 B Y T H E 
 
 CHUP.CH OF THE BRETHREN, 
 
 OR ' 
 
 UNITAS FRATRUM. 
 
 I N A 
 
 LETTER TO A FRIEND. 
 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed by M. Lewis, in Patcr-nofter-Row ; 
 
 And fold by MefT. Dii.ly, in the Poultry; Mr. Beckett,, 
 oppoflte the New Church in the Strand ; and at all th'-; 
 JDrcthrcn's Chapels. Mdcclxxi. 
 
 Price Six-pence, •. '• • 
 
 , f * 
 
'!)'0?36'S1 
 
 ^y?; 
 
 ^M 
 
 ^":.13 1935 
 
h 
 
 T T E R 
 
 T O A 
 
 FRIEND, 
 
 &c. 
 
 London, Nor. 26, 1770. 
 My dear Friend, 
 
 THE laft time we fpent an hour together, our 
 converfation turned upon the Miflicns which 
 the Church of the Brethren has eHabliflicd among the 
 Heathen, and the (uccefs attending them. You then 
 exprelled a defire to fee a brief account of thcfe miiTK^ns, 
 where they are eliabliflied, the fiuits arifen from them, 
 and hovV they are fu.pponeJ. 
 
 I will attempt to perform this tafk, in as brief a 
 manner as poiiibJe. But I niu(l firft obfervc, that it is 
 a fixed principle among us, that " the Kingdom of 
 " God Is not in word, but in power :" confcquently 
 the endeavoiir.i of the milTionarics are not merely to 
 teach the Heathen the chief doclrines of the gofpel, 
 with the vie-v, that they may be able to repeat them 
 by rote, and to give piopcT anfvvers to certain qiief- 
 tions ; but tr.c;r chief aim is, that the power of the 
 
 A 2 profpel 
 
 :f 
 
r 4 ] 
 
 gofpcl mny reach their hearts. As we arc firmly of th3 
 Apoftle's mind, that « it is a niithful faying, arid wor- 
 *« thy of all acceptation, that Chrift Jefus came into 
 " the world to fave finners," the MifTionarics cannot 
 look upon the convcrfion of a Heathen as real, unlefs 
 he hits felt the want of a Saviour, and his heart is tru- 
 ly direfted to Him who has died, that He might fave 
 fmners from prefent and eternal damnation. And forty 
 years experience has evinced, tha>: the only effeilual 
 method to gain the attention of the Heathen, to awa- 
 ken them to a fenfe of th?ir blindncfs and fin, and to 
 raife in thern comfortable and afTured hopes of a happy 
 immortality, and of courfe to make ihem ufeful and 
 moral fejlovz-citizens, is to follow the Apoflle in his 
 determination touching the fubjccft of his preaching to 
 th: Corinthians, " not to know any thing among 
 *« them, fave Chrift, and Him crucified." Therefore 
 it is now our invari.,ble method, <* to fct forth Jefus 
 ** Chriil be ore their eyes, as crucified among them," 
 until their hearts are touched and afuaed with the 
 amazing truch, that HE, " by v horn all things were 
 made, and without whom was not any thin«j- made 
 *' that was mnde, was made flefh and dwelt among 
 *' us/' and as a Man lived, fuffered^ was wounded, 
 bled and died, t>' deliver luiful men from their fms and 
 eternal dtHrudi-on. 
 
 If in preaching fo and inftruaing the Heathen at the 
 beginning, an attempt is made to imprint other truthj^ 
 upon their minds, before thev h,ive received this great 
 truih, that Gdd was manifeiied m the flcih, and that 
 He fuiFered and died for us men and for our falvation, 
 
 they 
 
•mly of th3 
 , and wor- 
 
 camc into 
 ics cannot 
 eal, unlefs 
 eart is tru- 
 might fave 
 
 And forty 
 ly effeiSlual 
 n, to a wa- 
 in, and to 
 of a happy 
 
 ufeful and 
 aflle in his 
 eaching to 
 ng amonff 
 
 Therefore 
 forth Jefus 
 :ig them," 
 I with the 
 hings were 
 hing made 
 eJt among 
 i wounded, 
 ;ir fins and 
 
 then at the 
 ther truths 
 this great 
 , and that 
 ■ falvation, 
 they 
 
 .t 
 
 I 
 
 r 5 ] 
 
 they are either intirely indifferent and inattentive, or 
 they begin toexercife their fpcculation upon what they 
 have heard, but their hearts remain empty, and with- 
 out any real imprefTion of fuch truths. On the other 
 hand, the word of the crofs is the power of God unto 
 falvation to every one that believeth ; it feizes upon and 
 operates in the heart, and is productive of the true con- 
 verfion of it. For this reafon it is a rule with our Bre- 
 thren, that they never enter into an extenfive difcuf- 
 fion of the doftrines of God's being an infinite Spirit, 
 of the Holy Trinity, kc. nor do they fcek to open the 
 underftanding of the Heathen in thefe points, until 
 they believe in Him, '« in whom are hid all the treafures 
 ** of wifdom and knov^ledge." As divine Grace alone 
 can pioduce a true and living faith in them, the Mif- 
 fionaries proceed not to Baptlfm, until they difcover in 
 the hearts of the candidates a real work, of the Holy 
 Ghcft, and a defire to become obedient to the Gofpel, 
 This caution makes it that the progrcfs feems rather 
 Row. But experience funw?, that thofe Heathen who 
 liave been brought to the knowledge of Chrift by tl>a 
 minilhy of the Brethren,^ if they remain faithful to the 
 grace they have received, prove an honour to the GofpcJ 
 of our Loni Jefus Chrill, and the fruits of the Spirit, 
 mentioned In the holy Scriptures, appear in them. 
 Then they become by their lives and converfation liv- 
 ing witnt-ilcs ihat Chrift f.-.vcs from fm, they are of 
 courfe good fubjc6ls, and in general /licw forth, after 
 their Baptifai, that they have bc^n made partakers of 
 the true grac; of God, ' 
 
 Not with- 
 
[ 6 ] 
 
 Notvvithftandlng the truth of what is here afllrtrd 
 «nd proved by numbcrlcfs inlhnces, we muft confcfs, 
 that the labour of our Mifllonarics among the Heathen 
 js no eafy employ» but requires much patience, and 
 mud be purfucd with prayers and tears. The power 
 ©f darknefs among them, and the dominion of Satan, 
 whofe oppofition is (unn perceived by the Mifl'onarics, 
 the natural blindnefs and pride of the Savages, 
 their hcathcnifh prejudices againft the truths of the 
 Gofpel, their finful pra^lices, the bad examples of fo 
 many who are called Chriftians, the fedudions laid in 
 their way by others, and the unfaithfulnefs of fome of 
 thofe who had been touched by the Grace of our Lord, 
 are certainly inch letts and hindrances, that no abidipg 
 fruit could fpring from the Brethren's labour, if i 
 higher power than their own ftrength, did not fupport 
 and render their labour fuccefsful. Thefe ^nd num- 
 berlefs other difficulties the Brethren ftruggle with in 
 their undertaking, and nothing but an unconquerable 
 riefire to bring fouls to Jcfus could have carried them 
 through all the difficulties and hardfhips that they 
 have had to encounter. Indeed we have reafon to praifc 
 and adore the Grace of our Lord, which has formed a 
 people in the Church of the Brethren, who, knowing all 
 di'fficultles, and having no profpedl before them, but 
 to endure extreme heat or cold, with (ew or no con- 
 veniencies of life, and no hopes of gain, have offered 
 themfelvcs unto the Lord for his fervJcc among the 
 Heathen, 
 
 ■ 
 
 South - America, and the Caribbee Tflands, have 
 proved fo particularly fatal, that the effeds of ^hofe 
 
 climates 
 
^ 
 
 re afll-rted 
 ft confcfs, 
 c Heathen 
 ence, and 
 he power 
 of Satan, 
 Ifl'onarics, 
 Savages, 
 hs of the 
 ipks of fo 
 >ns laid in 
 jf fome of 
 our Lord, 
 
 10 abidipo" 
 •our, if A 
 ot fupport 
 =ind num- 
 ,Ie with in 
 )nquerable 
 ried them 
 that they 
 
 11 to praifc 
 s formed a 
 lowing all 
 hem, but 
 )r no con- 
 ve offered 
 mong the 
 
 ids, have 
 
 i of ^hofe 
 
 climates 
 
 t 7 ] 
 
 tUmates have been enough to deter thofe who lovcJ 
 their Lives, from going thither. Many of our dear Bre- 
 thren and Sifters have laid down their lives there, an-i 
 fume very foon after their arrival. 
 
 I cannot afcertaln the nunbcr of thofe who within 
 thefe forty years have been iaken off in thofe coun- 
 tries, yet I can fay with certainty, that a number far 
 exceeding one hundred have thus fallen in the attempt of 
 gaining fome Negroes and Indians is the reward of th« 
 travail of Chrift's foul. Yet others have always been 
 found who have not only readily accepted a call, but 
 have voluntarily and earneftly offered themfelves to 
 fupply the places of thofe who were taken off in thij 
 fervice* 
 
 I muft here obferve, that when a member of the Church 
 of the Brethren has a particular impulfe in his heart to 
 ierve the Lord among the Heathen, he makes known 
 his defirs (having firft v/eighed it well before the 
 Lord) to thofe who are appointed to diredl the affairs 
 appertaining to the Miflions among the Heathen. 
 Then, when there is a vacancy or a new Miffion is be- 
 gun, the defire of thofe who have offered themfelves, 
 is taken into confideration, and after examining into 
 the motives of their defire and their qualifications for 
 this important employ, fuch as are wanted, are nomi- 
 nated. We hope that as long as this principle rulcth 
 in the hearts of the Brethren, " Chrift died that we 
 " ihould live unto Him in the world," there will al- 
 ways be found fuch willing fervants of the Lord, 
 ** who love not their lives unto the death," but devote 
 
 1 
 
ii 
 
 !• 
 
 [ 8 ] 
 
 themfelves entirely unto the fcrvice of their fellow- 
 aeatures for Chrift's fake. 
 
 There are at prefent no lefs than one hundred and 
 fixty members of the Church of the Brethren engaged 
 in the fervice of the Heathen, either as Miffionaries, or 
 Catechifts, or Afliftants to the Miffionaries. 
 
 As to the queftlon, where have the Brethren their 
 chief Miffions at prefent ? I will heje briefly recite 
 the places. 
 
 In Greenland or Davis's Streights, where the Mif- 
 fion was begun fo early as in the year 1733, the Bre- 
 thren have at prefent two confiderable fettlements 
 formed out of the converted Heathen, viz. at New 
 Herrnhuth and Lichtenfels, as may be feen in Crantz's 
 Hiftory of Greenland, which was publiflied in England 
 in the year 1767. The number of the Greenlanders 
 living with the Brethren at the end of the year 1769, 
 amounted at New-Hernhuth to 54c, and at Lichtenfels 
 to 290. 
 
 In the back part of our American Colonies, parti- 
 cularly behind the provinces of Penfylvania, NewYork, 
 &c. the Brethren have laboured among the Indians 
 ever fmce the year 1 740, and the word of their tefti- 
 mony has been bleiTed by the Lord. 
 
 They began to puSlifli the Gofpel in fome villages 
 of the Indians, which were called at that time Cheko- 
 mckah, Wechquatnach and Scattikok, and the firft 
 
 converted 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 i ■ 
 
 ^v#;-: 
 
1 
 
 r fellow- 
 
 idred and 
 1 engaged 
 naries, or 
 
 iren their 
 fly recite 
 
 the Mir- 
 the Bre- 
 ittlements 
 at New 
 I Crantz's 
 I England 
 lenlanders 
 ear 1769, 
 lichtenfels 
 
 es, parti- 
 fewYork, 
 e Indians 
 heir tefti- 
 
 le villages 
 le Cheko- 
 1 the fifft 
 converted 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 [ 9 ] 
 
 tfonverted Indians were baptized in the year 1742. 
 In the following year, the blefling attending their mi- 
 niftry manifefted itfelf particularly ?mong the Mahi- 
 kander and Delaware Indians ; and fmce that time 
 many hundreds of thcfe and of other nations have been 
 embodied into the Church of Chrift by holy Baptifm. 
 It would exceed the bounds of this lefter, to relate 
 here the opprefling difficulties which our Brethren and 
 the converted Indians underwent from the very begin- 
 ning of this Miffion. After a great variety of viciffi- 
 tudes a village was built by the baptized Indians en 
 theMahony in the back parts of Pennfylvania, and call- 
 ed Gnadenhutten *, where they dwelt with their Mif- 
 fionaries and their affiftants feveral years in peace and 
 quietnefs, as a chrlftian congregation. But in the laft 
 Indian war this fettlement was deftroyed. The hofiiie 
 Indians being irritated, besaufe the converted Indians 
 would no. join in the war againfl the Knglifh, attack- 
 ed in the night of the 24th of November, 1754, the 
 houfes of our European brethren, " fet them on fire; 
 and thofe who attempted to efcape the fjre, were fhot 
 at. Thus eleven of our Brethren and Siflers were ci- 
 ther confumed by the fire or fhot, and only five 
 efcaped. 
 
 The Indians who had dwelt at Gnadenhutten fled 
 different ways, and wfe fcattercd, and fhortly after 
 their houfes were burnt by the hoftile Indians. Moft 
 of the Indi:ins, who thus fled, came afterv/ards, \\y 
 degrees, to the other Sgtilemcnts of the Brethren^ unk 
 v/crc received in Love. Crounvl was givcu tc ih.'u; 
 
 i» nca: 
 
 tf 
 
 li- 
 
Hi 
 
 i 
 
 f 
 
 C 10 ] 
 
 near Bethlehem, our chief fettlement in Pennfylvania. 
 Here they built in the year 1757, a place called Nain, 
 where they lived, for feme time, in peace. But in the year 
 1763, the cruel Indian war, which broke out afrefb, 
 proved an occafion of new lufFerings. Some of the 
 white people were fo violently exafperated againft the 
 Indians, that they determined to cut ofF every one of 
 them they could meet with, and adually murdered 
 fome poor Indians, not belonging to the Brethren, 
 who were under the prote6lion of the Government in 
 and near the town of Lancafter : Then they took the re- 
 folution to cut off all thefe converted and truly peaceable 
 Indians at Nain. The Governor and Council of Penn- 
 fylvania humanely took them under their protection, 
 and as there was no fecurity for them in the country, 
 they were efcorted to Philadelphia. At firft they were 
 lodged on an ifland in the river Delaware, contiguous 
 to the city, and afterwards in the barracks, where they 
 remained under the protedlion of, and were maintained 
 by, the Government till the end of the war. The 
 Mifllonaries lived there with them, and performed the 
 fun^ions of their miniftry, fo that the Indians had 
 divine worfhip the whole time of their ftay there. 
 ^ Here the fmall pox got among them, and, in a fhort 
 time, by means of this and of other diforders upwards of 
 fifty departed this life in Philadelphia. Their patience 
 and behaviour during air thefe circumflances was the 
 moft convincing proof to all who beheld them, that 
 they were Chriftians indeed. When the peace with 
 the Indians was concluded, and the rage of the white 
 people abated, they obtained the approbation of the 
 Governor of Pennfylvania, and of the Council of the 
 
 Si^ 
 
ylvania. 
 d Nain, 
 the year 
 : afrefh, 
 ! of the 
 ainft the 
 y one of 
 nurdercd 
 brethren, 
 iment in 
 k the re- 
 )eaceable 
 ■>i Penn- 
 oteclion, 
 country, 
 hey were 
 tntiguous 
 here they 
 aintained 
 ir. The 
 irmed the 
 h'ans had 
 ay there, 
 in a {hort 
 pwards of 
 r patience 
 s was the 
 lem, that 
 sace with 
 the white 
 3n of the 
 cU of the 
 Si$ 
 
 [ " } 
 
 Six N'atlonc in Onandago, to form a Settlement far 
 back in the Country, at a place called Wihiluling. 
 To this their Settlement they gave the name Friedenf- 
 huttcn *. Here they have built a pretty Indian town, 
 where they live at prefent with the Miffionarics, and 
 enjoy peace. Many Indians from different parts come 
 to them, and the blefled Gofpel is preached with 
 fuccefs ; and fome of theih who were JTcattered, as 
 above related, returhed to them. The inhabitants of 
 a neighbouring Indian town on the Sufquehannah, 
 called, Ifhechfhequanik, about thirty miles from j 
 Friedenfhutten, havirsg been vifited by the Brethren, 
 and heard the Gofpel with an impreflion thereof upon 
 their hearts, requeued that a Miflionary might be fent 
 to them, which has been complied with, after the faid 
 Indians had fought for and obtained the approbation 
 of the Council of the Six Nations thereunto. In this 
 village the Word of Atonement is preached with blef- 
 fmg, and feveral of the faid Indians are already bap- 
 tized. 
 
 As feveral of the Indians dwelling on the Ohio 
 came alfo to Friedenfhutten, and were convinced of 
 the truth of the Gofpel, they brought the report thereof 
 to the reft ; and by this means a whole tribe of the 
 Indians on the Ohio fent a mefiage, praying the Bre- 
 thren to fend a Minifter to dwell among, and preach 
 the Gofpel unto them. In confequence thereof. Bro- 
 ther Zeilberger, with fome believing Indians, went in 
 the year 1767 to Gnfligofhung on the Ohio, to preach 
 the Gofpel. They ware at firft received with much * 
 
 ^ 2 feeming 
 
 * Tents of peace 
 
 
 I'- 
 
 .1 
 
 ■i- ' 
 
 tl 
 
S-, ■" 
 
 [ lO 
 
 feeming heartincfs ; but a Heathen who had fet up as 
 a teacher and preacher, and pretended to particular 
 Intercourfes with God, ftirred up others againft Bro- 
 ther Zeifberger. Thus he was in danger of his life, 
 and fundry attempts were made againft it, Neverthe- 
 lefs he, and the Indians who came with him, continued 
 preaching the Gofpel daily, and fpeaking with thofe 
 who were willing to hear of the great falvation wrought 
 out for, and now offered unto them. The only Chief 
 at Gofligofliuna;^ an aged venerable blind Indian, being 
 convinced in his heart of the Truth, adhered to the 
 believing Indians. Some Chiefs of the weftern Indians 
 invited Biother Zeifberger, and his congregation, to 
 come and live in any part of their Country he fhould 
 chufe. Thus the ftorm raifed againft Brother Zeif- 
 berger was allayed ; and though the enmity did not 
 ccafe, they did not ihow it in fo open and violent a 
 manner. Brother Zeifberger, his Indians and fome 
 who defired to hear the Word, moved their Huts firft 
 to Lawunakhannek, a place about three miles from 
 the Indian town Gofligclhung up the Ohio ; and they 
 (oon reaped fome fruit of their labour and danger by 
 the Baptifm of the venerable old Chief Alle'-newi, 
 whom they called Solomon, and of fome others. Being 
 again invited by the weftern Indians into their Coun- 
 try, Brother David Zeift)ergcr and all the Indians 
 who dwelt in Lawunakhannek, together with fome 
 from Gofligofliung, removed into that country. They 
 travelled by water on the Ohio in Canoes to Pittfburgi 
 and twenty miles belo;v this place they left the Ohio, 
 nnd went up the Beaver Creek, and after a journey 
 pf fjxtcrn days up that river, they fettled at a place, 
 
 which 
 
 
fet up as 
 particular 
 linft Bro- 
 F his life, 
 >Jeverthe- 
 continued 
 vith thofe 
 I wrought 
 nly Chief 
 an, being 
 red to the 
 n Indians 
 ;ation, to 
 he fhould 
 :her Zeif- 
 :y did not 
 
 violent a 
 and fome 
 Huts firft 
 liles from 
 
 and they 
 danger by 
 Mle'-newi, 
 rs. Being 
 eir Coun- 
 e Indians 
 i^ith fome 
 ry. They 
 Pitt{burgi 
 the Ohio, 
 a journey 
 t a place, 
 which 
 
 
 '4 
 
 r '3 3 
 
 which they called Languntoutenunk, that is, the" city 
 of peace. Several Indians, who defire to hear the 
 Gofpel, have obtained leave to live there with them, 
 and others are flocking to them. By the laft accounts 
 from thence, we find that fome were baptized, and 
 there is a hopeful profpe£t that the Harveft will be 
 great among the more weftern Tribes of Indians, who 
 feem at prefent defirous that the Gofpel may be 
 preached unto them. 
 
 Befides the aforefaid three places and their inhabi- 
 tants, there are ftill many Indians in that diftri£t, who 
 have heard the Gofpel preached by the Brethren, and 
 are convinced in their hearts of the truth thereof. The 
 various and very difficult circumftaiices which the In- 
 dian congregations have laboured under, proved an 
 occafion, that many alfo who had been baptized, were 
 fcattered j and thus they came into fuch parts of this 
 vafl: country, as had never been vifited by the Bre- 
 thren. Thefe poor fcattered Indians have made known 
 the doctrines of the Gofpel to thofe among whom' 
 they went, although many of them fuftained damage 
 in their owrf fouls, fuiFering themfelves, by degrees, 
 to be fed uced, and relapfmg into the fins ufual among 
 the Indians. Several of thefe have however returned 
 to the good Shepherd Jefus Chrift, and have implored 
 with tear^:, and obtained, forgivenefs from him. All 
 thd'c fcattered Indians are fouo-ht after bv the Brethren, 
 and all polnble care is taken of them, that they may 
 be r;;ilored to grace. 
 
 Before 
 
 it 
 
li 
 
 M 
 
 
 i i: 
 
 III 
 
 
 C 14 3 
 
 Before I leave the continent of America, 1 muft 
 mention our Miffion in Surinam and Berbice in South 
 America, The Miffion in Surinam was begun in the 
 year 1736, and that in Berbice In 1739, and fome 
 years after th.y were united at Pilgerhuth in the back 
 parts of Berbice. At this place an Indian congrega- 
 tion was colleded, chiefly out of the Arawak nation^ 
 which congregation was in a flourifhing and fruitful 
 ftate for fome years, and fome hundred Indians were 
 baptized there. But grievous and difficult circumftances 
 were alfo not wanting here. The departure of feveral 
 faithful and particularly blcHcd Miffionaries out of this 
 life gave Us and the Indians great pain. At length in 
 the year 1763, during the well known rebellion of the 
 Negroes, this whole fettlement was deftroyed, the Mif- 
 fionaries were obliged to retire, and the Indians were 
 fcattered. Before this painful event, in the year 1757, 
 another fettlement was eftabliflied on the river Saramecii 
 in the province of Surinam, as a gathering-place for 
 the Indians, and it was called Sharon. But in the 
 year 1761, the Miffionaries and the Indians who dwelt 
 there, were attacked by the free Negroes, who burnt 
 their houfes, killed fome of the Indians, took fome 
 prifoners, carried them away with them, and difperfed 
 the reft. However this place has been fmce rebuilt; 
 the fcattered Indians have afTembled there; and now a 
 Jiitle Indian congregation dwells there with the Mif- 
 iionaries. 
 
 On the river Cotentyn, on the borders of Berbice, Is 
 the fccond Miffion fettlement, where, at a place called 
 
 Hope, 
 
■jca, i mufl 
 ice in South 
 legun in the 
 , and fome 
 in the back 
 li congrega- 
 wak nation, 
 and fruitful 
 [ndians were 
 ircumftances 
 re of feveral 
 s out of this 
 At length in 
 ellion of the 
 ed, the Mif- 
 Indians were 
 e yerir 1757, 
 i^erSarameca 
 ng-place for 
 
 But in the 
 s who dwelt 
 
 who burnt 
 
 took fome 
 and difperfed 
 nee rebuilt J 
 
 and now a 
 ith the Mif- 
 
 )f Berbice, Is 
 
 place called 
 
 Hope, 
 
 f 15 ] 
 
 Hope, not only the Miflionaries, and a number of con- 
 verted Indians are colledtcd, and live, but thelndians who 
 were formerly baptized at Pilgerhuth, and who now 
 dwell not/ar from Hope in the Savannah, adhere to 
 them and hear the Gofpel. 
 
 A few years ago the Free-Negroes, who form a 
 kind of a Republic behind the European Settlements, 
 and v/ho attacked our Settlement at Sharon, have in- 
 vited our Brethren to come and preach the Gofpel taf 
 them. Some live now among them ; our Lord blefleth 
 their labour; and a Captain of thefe free Negroes is 
 brought, through Grace, to a fenfe of his fins and 
 mifery, and of the want of a Saviour. 
 
 Some Brethren live alfo at Paramaribo, the chief 
 town in the Country, to affift towards the fupport of 
 the aforefaid three Settlements, and to facilitate the 
 correfpondence with them, 
 
 I will now turn to the Caribbee Iflands, 
 
 The firft Mifllon of the renewed Brethren's Church 
 was to the Ifland of St. Thomas, occafioned by a Ne- 
 groe, who vifited Herrnhutb, and told the Brethren, 
 that his poor Mother, a Negroe in St. Thomas, would 
 be glad to hear of the Saviour. This ftirred up a 
 defire in fome to go thither, and our late Brother Leon- 
 ard Dober, afterwards a Bifhop of our Church, re- 
 folved, for the fake of thefe poor Heathen, even to be- 
 come a Have himfelf, if he could find no other means 
 
 He went to 
 St. 
 
 » 
 
 ■■i 
 
 of preaching the Gofpel to the 
 
 M 
 
 egroes. 
 
1/ 
 
 r i6 ] 
 
 St. Thomas in the year 1732, and began to declare (<y 
 them the Word of reconciliation. He was followed 
 by others, and the teftimony of the death of the Lord 
 of Life and Glory for the Sins of the World began to 
 operate upon the hearts of the poor Negroes. The 
 firft of them were baptized in the year 1736, An 
 oppofition then arofe. The white people, from falfe 
 political principles, dreaded the converfion of the Ne- 
 groes to Chriftianity. The Miflionaries and thofc 
 Negroes who came to them to hear the Gofpel, were 
 obliged to endure and fuffer much. The late Count 
 Zinzendorf, whcfe Zeal for the happinefs of his fel- 
 low-Creatures, and particularly of the Heathen, could 
 not be reftrained by any difficulties, arrived in St. 
 Thomas in the year 1739. He found fome of the 
 Miffionaries in prifon ; but upon his requeft, the Go- 
 vernor fet them at liberty. From that time the Gof- 
 pel has been preached here uninterruptedly, although 
 the Negroes have, even fmce then, undergone many 
 hardfhips and. borne many affli(5lions for the fake of 
 the Gofpel, 
 
 The Minifliy of the Brethren in St. Tliomaii; and in 
 the two adjoining Iflanvis St. Cruz and St. Jaw, has been 
 crowned with great fufitefs, fo that many thoufaiid pror 
 benighted Negroes have b;;en enlightened ;ujd have be- 
 lieved in the Name of Jefus, and been brought to the e:i- 
 joymentof theBleflings purchaicd forfmners by his Blood, 
 Thtfe Negroes are alio a proof that a genuine rcfcrrr;- 
 tion in principles and pradice is always iiifeparable ft cm 
 true converfion, and the Proprietors of the tlliitcs ac- 
 kijowlcjge tijis to be the Fruit of the Gof]^e], ibat Uicir 
 
declatc tor 
 s followed 
 f the Lord 
 I began to 
 oes. The 
 736, An 
 from falfe 
 if the Ne- 
 and thofe 
 fpel, were 
 late Count 
 .f his fel- 
 len, could 
 ed in St. 
 me of the 
 , the Go- 
 the Gof- 
 although 
 ;o!ie many 
 iG fake of 
 
 \ai>; and in 
 1, has been 
 ufatid poor 
 d have hc- 
 : to the e:i • 
 ,' his Blood, 
 c rcfcrrr:;'-. 
 rable ficiTi 
 cAiitcs ac- 
 , liuK; llicir 
 
 t >7 1 
 
 ilave?, fince they have believed in Jcfus, are become 
 faithful, obedient, and diligent*} yea, the Magiflrates 
 themfelves have more than once declared, fhat the 
 baptized Negroes are a greater fecurity to them than 
 their forts. The Brethren have built Chapels for the 
 Negroes for divine worfhip in each of the three Danifh 
 Iflands, and the number of Negroes who are now 
 iinder the Brethren's care, amounts to about 6000 ; 
 very, very many have departed this life joyfully in re- 
 liance upon the merits of our only Lord and Saviour 
 Jefus Chrift. 
 
 In the year 1754 fome Getitlemen of confiderable 
 poffeff ins in Jamaica, being much concerned for the 
 falvation of the Souls of their poor Negroes, defired 
 that a Miffion might be eftablifhed in that Ifland, 
 which was agreed to, and they, with a Zeal that is 
 uncommon in our day, made the beginning of this 
 Miffion eafy to thofe who have the care of the Miffions, 
 and have hitherto liberally contributed to its fupport. 
 This Miffion has been the only one begun by us with 
 fuch encouragement in the beginning. It was fooii 
 feen that the Holy Ghoft had prepared the hearts of 
 many of the Negroes to recei^^e the Gofpel, and fome 
 fruits appeared quickly. But though the difficulties from 
 without were not of fuch a nature as to obfl;ru£l the 
 labour of the Brethren, as was apparently the cafe in 
 other places, yet in a few years the feed which had 
 
 '^ fprung 
 
 • This Account is confirmed, in the cleared manner, by the Right 
 Reverend Bifhop and Chancellor Pontoppidan in Copenhagen, in his Pre- 
 face to Lewis Ferdinand Roemer's Account of the Coait of Guinea, 17C0, 
 See the Preface to Crantz's Jliflory of Greenland, page ao. 
 
r\ 
 
 i 'f 
 
 fpr/ng ?:p, fcciiicil to wither ^iiJ die j^'viy. Bn*- within 
 thelc lait years, there has bt-eh a mod bleffed rtv.val, 
 and the word has been preached at f«»vra' places in 
 the Ifland, with fuch fuccefs, that there are now feveral 
 Congregations of baptized Negroes, who adorn the 
 do£lrine of God our Saviour, 
 
 In the Ifland of Antigoa a Miflion has alfo been 
 cftabliflied fince the year 1756. Though the progrefs 
 of the Gofpel has not been fo rapid, nor the efFeiSts fa 
 ftriking here as in Jamaica j yet many Negroes have 
 received the Word of Atonement with joy, and are 
 become partakers of the redemption in the Blood of 
 Chrift. The Brethren have a houfe and chapel at 
 St. John's, where, according to our lateft accounts, 
 many Negroes attend the preaching conftantly. The 
 Brethren preach alfo to the Negroes on feveral Planta- 
 tions* 
 
 The lafl: Miflion fent to the Caribbee Iflands was to 
 Barbadoes. The Negroes on this Ifland were often 
 the fubjedl of the thoughts and prayers of many of the 
 Brethren j but when the way and manner of eftablifli- 
 ing a Miflion there was taken into confideration, we 
 faw difliculties which feemed infurmountable. Afcer 
 making an attempt which did not anfwer, in the year 
 1765, a Brother in England refolved to go thither, 
 trailing in the Lord that he would gve fuccefs to hil 
 attempt to bring the Negroes to the knowledge of the 
 truth. He was joined foon by another Brother 
 froTi America. Thefe Miflionaries found favour in the 
 e>'es of fome of the Gentlemen of the ifland, and many 
 
 Negroes 
 
hi* within 
 :d rtv.val, 
 places in 
 ow feveral 
 adorn the 
 
 alfo been 
 ; progrefs 
 : efFedts (o 
 »roes have 
 , and are 
 Blood of 
 chapel at 
 accounts, 
 ly. The 
 i\ Plan ta- 
 
 ds was to 
 'cre often 
 ny of the 
 eftabLni- 
 ition, we 
 e, Afcer 
 1 the year 
 'J thither^ 
 :efs to his 
 ^e of the 
 
 Brother 
 )ur in the 
 ind many 
 
 Negroes 
 
 [ '19 ] 
 
 Negroes Hiewed a defire to hear the glad tiding' of 
 redemption from fin by the Blood of Chrift. The 
 work of the Holy Ghoft was fo m apparent. 'I he 
 Miflionaries were enabled to purchafc a fpot of ground, 
 to fit up a dwelling for them felves, and a hall in which 
 the Negroes could meet. Many fruits already appear, 
 and fjme Negroes have been baptized. 
 
 Befides thefe Iflands on which Mifllons are cftablifhed, 
 the Brethren have vifited feveral others: and as the 
 Negroes, who have received the faith, arc orten either 
 fold or trrxnfported to eftates of their mafters on other 
 Iflands, they have brought the glad tidings of great joy 
 to the Negroes there ; and we have reafon to believe 
 that they prove a good fait, even where there are no 
 eftabliflied \4iflrions. 
 
 We will now turn our eyes to Afia, though I can- 
 not give you fo joyful an account from that Quarter of 
 the globe, as you have above from America. 
 
 In the year 1759, with the concurrence of the Court 
 of Denmark and the Afiatic Company at Copenhagen, 
 a Colony of Brethren went to Tranquebar, in the 
 neighbourhood of which they formed a Settlement, 
 wiih a view to a Mifllon among the Indians on the 
 coaft of Coromandel, and particularly to cftablilh a 
 Settlement on the Nicobar Iflands. At length, in the 
 yrar 1768, they accomplifiied wha^ they had almoft 
 given up, as Impraaicable, via. the eftablifhment ot 
 a fmall Colony in the Nicobar Iflands. The Indians 
 received them kindly, gave them land to live on, and 
 
 c 2. by 
 
 ■.<'■ 
 
' 
 
 ! 
 
 by the lafl accounts we have reafon to believe, that as 
 our Brethren Itarn the language, thofc poor Indian^ 
 will reap the blcOings of the Gofpcl Of the fix who 
 went the firft time to thefe Iflands, two departed this 
 life very foon. 
 
 Some Brethren have alfo gone to Crylon at tw» 
 different times, to try, if pofliblc, to bring the Gofpel 
 among the Cyngalefci but they could not obtain their 
 aim, though their abode there was not entirely witl;- 
 out fruit. 
 
 In the year 1747 two Brethren went to Perfia, with 
 Vheview of finding the followers of the ancient Magi or 
 Gauri ; but they could not obtain their aim, on account 
 of the troubles of the war, which raged there at that 
 time. 
 
 The Emprefs of Ruflia having granted the Brethren 
 fome land in the Kingdom of Afhacan, on the banks 
 of the Wolga, a Colony is now ett '' fh d there, anj 
 we are not without good hope., ...at God will blefa 
 and enable them to bring the Gofpel among the Hea- 
 then who are on the borders of that country, and who 
 already fliew a particular afFc-aion for them. 
 
 Thus in Afia a beginning is made, and we cannot 
 but hbpe, that our Lord, who has opened the door, 
 will grant us to fee the fame happy effefts as are evi- 
 dent in fci many other places. 
 
 Touch in 
 
 g 
 
e, that as 
 T Indian:! 
 e fix who 
 arted this 
 
 II at tw* 
 le Gofpel 
 »tain their 
 •cly with- 
 
 rfia, with 
 t Magi or 
 1 account 
 re at that 
 
 Brethren 
 the banks 
 here, and 
 will blefs 
 the Hea- 
 and who 
 
 [ a» 3 
 
 Touching Africa. 
 
 The fruits of the travail of Chrift's Soul upon the 
 natives of this Quarter of the Globe, are feen in the 
 greateft numbers among che Negroes in the American 
 Iflands. who came from the Coaft of Guinea, and 
 other parts of Afiica. Even as early as in the year 
 1737, two Brethren went to Guinea, to preach the 
 Gofpel to the Negroes there ; but one of them depart- 
 ing this life foon after their arrival, no farther attempt 
 was made to eftablifti a Miflion on the Coaft of Gui- 
 nea till the year 1767, when at the defire of the 
 African Company at Copenhagen, and after an agree- 
 ment had been mac'e by the faid Company, and con- 
 firmed by his Danifh Majefty, five Brethren went thi- 
 ther in one of tiie Company's fhips. But very foon 
 after their arrival three of them, among the reft the 
 chief Miflionary, were taken ofF by a malignant fever. 
 The remaining two fpent fome time in a fickly ftate at 
 the Danifh fort; but laft year three Bmhren more 
 Went to them, attended by another to aifift them in 
 fettling in their proper habitation. One, of the three 
 who went laft, departed this life foon after their 
 arrival, ' 
 
 i^e cannot 
 the door, 
 I are evi- 
 
 "ouchin? 
 
 The Danifh Governor prefented the Brethren to the 
 King of Achcm,'who received them Into his friendfhip^ 
 and gav8 them leave to fettle In any part of his terri- 
 tories wherever they might chufe. Thereupon they 
 fought out a proper place, where, by the luft accounts, 
 
 tbey 
 
iiii 
 
 ■!, 
 
 I i2 } 
 
 they were employed in building a houfe, in order to 
 enter upon the work of the Miffion, 
 
 An attempt has alfo been made to bring the Gof- 
 pel among the Mottentots at the Cape of good Hope. 
 Our Brethren lived five years among t^em, begun a 
 fchool with the children, and baptized alfo feven aciult 
 Hottentots. But certain circumftances interfering, this 
 MiiHon could not be continued. 
 
 I could alfo give you an accoun*- of fome othf?r at- 
 tempts of the Brethren towards the furtherance of the 
 Kingdom of Jefus in Africa, but as they do n ;t pro- 
 perly belong to the clafs of" M ifions among the Hea- 
 then, I will only name two to you. 
 
 One of thefe Attempts has the Copts in Egypt and 
 Abyffiiiia for its fpecial objed ; and three Biethren 
 are now refident at Cairo in Egypt, for that purpofe. 
 
 The aim of the other was dire6led to the falvation 
 of the poor Chriftian flaves in Algiers. Our Brother 
 Richtcr went thither in the year 1740, where he, 
 while preaching to the flaves fick of the plague, got 
 the fame diforder, which proved the means of his 
 diflblu^ion. Another Brother ftayed there from the 
 year 1744. to 1748, ferv.ng, and preaching to the 
 flaves. 
 
 I will not take up more of your time in relating 
 many other important and ftriking incidents atttndmg 
 
 our 
 
in order to 
 
 y the Gof- 
 ;ood Hope. 
 1, begun a 
 feven aciult 
 fering, this 
 
 : othf?r at- 
 nce of the 
 > n ;t pro- 
 I the Hea- 
 
 Egypt and 
 Brethren 
 )urpore. 
 
 ; falvation 
 ir Brother 
 vhere he, 
 Jgue, got 
 IS of his 
 from the 
 g to the 
 
 I relating 
 
 attending 
 
 our 
 
 C 23 ] 
 
 twr Miffions* But I cannot conclude this part of my 
 letter without mentioning our prefent attempts to form 
 a Miflion on the Goaft of Labrador among the favage 
 £fquimaux. 
 
 In the year 1^52, fome merchants in London fitted 
 cut a fhip for that Coaft, and they had the good In- 
 tention of affifting the Brethren to form a Miffioa 
 among the Indians there. Accordingly four Miffio- 
 I naries went with this (hip, and took the frame of, and 
 materials for a houfe with them, intending to ftay in 
 that Country, and to dwell among the Indies. They 
 arrived fafely upon the Coaft, and the Miffionarie* 
 ereded their houfe on a convenient fpot. The fhip 
 falling farther northwards, with a view to trade, fome 
 Efquimaux came on board, and appeared very kind and 
 loving; but at length enticed the mate, who was a 
 Brother, and fome others away from the fhip, under 
 the pretence of trade, and then murdered them. Af- 
 ter thofe on board had waited fome days in vain for 
 the return of their companions, they failed back to 
 the place where the four Brethren had built their 
 houfe, and from thence to Europe. The four Mif- 
 fionaries were obliged to return with the fhip, to help 
 to work her ; though fome of them left Labrador with 
 great reluftance, notwithftanding the imminent danger 
 to which they would be expofed by their flaying alone 
 among the cruel Savages. The fame veffel failed thi« 
 then again next year, and the bodies of thofe who had 
 b.en murdered were found ; but that was all they ob- 
 tained by this voyage. 
 
 Still 
 
( 
 
 I 
 
 [2+1 
 
 Still the Efquimaux were obje£ls of our fpecial at- 
 tention; and in the year 1764, a Brother, who had 
 been in Greenland, and had learned the Greenlandiih 
 language, being continually impelled in his own mind 
 to go among the Efquimaux, went with the bleffing of 
 the Congregation to Newfoundland, and from thence 
 to Terra Labrador, where he, after furmounting many 
 difficulties, got a fight of the Efquimaux. It was a 
 great joy to him, and no lefs a furprize to them, that 
 they could underftand each other. By this means it 
 was difcovered, that the fuppofition of our Brethren in 
 Greenland,' that the Efquimaux and Greenlanders 
 were origi^ially the fame nation, was matter of fad ; 
 and thus a friendly intercourfs commenced between 
 the Brethren and the Efquimanx. 
 
 In the year 1765, the fame Brother, with three 
 others, went again to Newfoundland and to the Coaft 
 of Labrador, being encouraged thereto by ttie worthy 
 Governor of Newfoundland, Commodore Pallifer, 
 by the Board of Trade and Plantations, and by the 
 Lords of the Admiralty. Two of them went from 
 Newfoundland in a fmall veffel, to reconnoitre the 
 Coaft, but to little purpofe. But the chief confequence 
 of this voyage was, that at length the Efquimaux 
 came down to Chateau Bay, and our Brethren had 
 frequent Opportunities to fpeak with them of their 
 Creator and Redeemer. There was alfo a peace and 
 treaty concluded between the Efquimaux and theEnglilh, 
 and the former promifed that they would be obedient to 
 His Majefty King George, &c. By this interview the 
 
 Brethren 
 
 I 
 
 "■'J>:i*^'^*:f:tim^-*::''''i 
 
lecial at- 
 ivho had 
 mlandifti 
 wn mind 
 leffing of 
 m thence 
 ng many 
 
 It was a 
 em, that 
 means it 
 ethren In 
 enlanders 
 
 of faa; 
 
 between 
 
 ith three 
 the Coaft 
 e worthy 
 
 Pallifer, 
 d by the 
 ent from 
 loitre the 
 ifequence 
 fquimaux 
 hren had 
 
 of their 
 peace and 
 sEnglilh, 
 jedicnt to 
 rview the 
 
 Brethren 
 
 Brethren and the Efquimaux became better acquainted, 
 and the latter invited the former to come and live 
 among them. 
 
 As it was the wifli of the Brethren to be a Blef- 
 fmg to this nation, and to refide among them, fo we 
 could not but defire to have it in our power to form 
 a Setilcment among thofe Heathen, and to have fuch 
 a parcel of land, that the Efquimaux who fought 
 their Salvation, might dwell there together unrro- 
 lefted. Application being made to Government for 
 a grant of land, we met with all the encouragement 
 we could wifh : but the execution of the Grant was 
 delayed till the year 1769. In the mean time, a 
 company of Efquin.aux coming in the year 1768 to 
 Chateau Bay, began agp.in their old pra6tices of mur- 
 dcrmg and ftealing. Thefe were attacked by a party 
 of Englifli, and feveral were killed on the fpot, ard 
 fome taken prifoners and brought to Newfoundland. 
 But a Woman, and her Son about fix years old, and 
 a Boy of about thirteen or fourteen years old, were 
 brought to England. This boy was given by Governor 
 Pallifer to the Brethren's Society for the furtherance of 
 the Gofpel. The Woman and her Son weretreated with 
 great kinf^nefs, and Her Royal Highnefs the Princefs 
 Dowager of Wales, meDukeof Gloucefter, and fundry 
 perfons of diftindlion took notice of her, and loaded her 
 with prefents. She was fent back with her fon in the 
 year 1769, by the officer with whom fhc came to En- 
 gland. The above mentioned Boy, whofe name was 
 Karpik, lived fome time with us in Chclfea, and was 
 
 P a real 
 
' ■ 
 
 i 
 
 11 
 
 H 
 
 C 26 ] 
 
 a real pleafure to all thofe who faw him. He was 
 lively, docile, and of quick natural parts ; and though 
 he had fometimes fits of fuliennels and obftinacy, yet 
 in general he was very good natured. He was in June 
 1760 fern to our Settlement at Fulneck in Yorkfhire, 
 under the care of one of the four Brethren who had 
 made the voyage to Labrador in 1765, and who could 
 fpeak Greenlandifli. Karpik was taught here to read 
 and write, and made a good proficiency. His kind 
 Guardian fpoke much with him of the miferable 
 ilat< of an unreconciled finner, and of the love of his 
 Creator. His heart was touched and often afFeded, and 
 he would at laft begin to afk queflic ns upon thefe heads 
 himfelf. At length he was taken ill with the fmall pox. 
 The Miffionary, finding that he really was a proper 
 fubjed, baptized him on his fick bed, in the prefence 
 of a& many as the room where he lay could conve- 
 niently hold J and the baptifm was tranfaded in the 
 Efquimaux language : Soon after he, as the firft fruit 
 of this favage nation, departed with joy, calling upon 
 the name of the Lord. We felt pain on account of 
 this lofs ; for we loved the Youth, and hoped, that 
 he would in time prove of real fervice to his na- 
 tion. 
 
 Every thing touching the Intended fetthmcnt be- 
 ing agreed upon, fome Breihren in London reioived to 
 form a Company, anri fit out a (hp to carry the 
 Mifl'.onaries to the Coaft of Labrador in order to, 
 vilit the Li'quimaux, to fix upon the land on which 
 
 a future 
 
 
He was 
 
 id though 
 nacy, yet 
 IS in June 
 forkfhire, 
 who had 
 vho could 
 re to read 
 His kind 
 miferable 
 ove of his 
 eded, and 
 :hefe heads 
 fmall pox, 
 J a proper 
 le pre fence 
 jld conve- 
 ted in the 
 e firft fruit 
 illing upon 
 account of 
 oped, that 
 o his na- 
 
 lemcnt be- 
 reioived to 
 
 carry the 
 1 order to, 
 
 on which 
 a future 
 
 C *7 ] 
 
 a future fettlement fhould bs made, and to prepare 
 every thing in the beft manner they could for mat 
 purpofe. Accordingly a (hip was bought, and fitted 
 out, and failed m May 1770. Three Brethren went 
 as Miflionaries, and fevera! accompanied them as af- 
 fiftants. Our Lord's providence procured us a Cap- 
 tain fit for the purpofe. This voyage has been 
 crowned with fuccefs ; they have been preferved from 
 great danger, and have been favourably received by 
 the Efquimaux. The Miflionaries h.-ve preached the 
 Gofptl often to them in large and fmall companies, 
 and they have reafon to hope, not without eiiecl. Thus 
 far the Lord has gracioufly helped. 
 
 Now we are preparing to form a Settlement among 
 them, and as the Efquimaux are noted for their 
 thieving, treacherous and cruel difpofition, we triifl in 
 the Lord, that he will protea our Brethren, when they 
 live among them, and help us alfo with regard to the 
 confiderable expences this expedition will be attended 
 with. 
 
 Having already greatly exceeded the bounds of this 
 letter, I will not dwell upon other attempts of the 
 Brethren which are now in hand, but proceed to the 
 queftion ; 
 
 By what means are the Brethren enabled to fupport 
 fuch very large undertakings? 
 
 Our Miflions among the Heathen have been fur- 
 thered and fupported with great zeal and concern of 
 
 D 2 l"'eart 
 
r 28 ] 
 
 Iwart by the late Count Zlnzendorf, from their verjr 
 beginning, to his entering into the joy of his Lord. 
 At firft the Mifllops were but few, and the expences 
 requirtd for their fupport did not amount to very 
 confiderab'e fums. But as the Miflions became more 
 numerous from time to time, fome membcrjj of the 
 Congregation, and other friends, found themfelves 
 moved to take fhare in, and promote, by voluntary 
 contributions, the furtherance of the Gofpel ; and this 
 they did either by affifiing the Brethren's MiiTions in 
 general, or one or another Miflion in particular. As 
 thefe Miflions continually grew more and more nu- 
 merous and confiderable, God has caufcd this kind 
 afliflance alfo to cncreafe. Yet now and then, par- 
 ticularly when new Eftablifliments were formed, the 
 Brethren who are appointed to provide for the Mif- 
 fions, have been obliged to borrow money for the 
 purchafe of as much land as was needful, for the 
 building of dwellings for the Miffionaries, &c. till 
 they were enabled to pay it cfF sgain, as it came in. 
 But that every thing rela.ing to the Miflions might 
 be tranfaclcd in a fuitable and orderly manner, fen- 
 fible and faithful men are chofen from time to time, 
 at the Syrods of the Unity, who are appointed 
 Deputies to manage the Diaconate of the MifHons, 
 They have the general care of the external affairs 
 of the iViiflions in all parts of the world i they receive 
 the voluntary contributions from the Brethren's Con'- 
 gregations and from other fi iends j fur the MiiTionj have 
 no other funds than thofe Contribuuons ; they do 
 their uinioit to defray the nectflary expences by tnis 
 
 meansj 
 
heir verjT 
 his Lord, 
 expences 
 
 to very 
 me more 
 n of the 
 hemfelves 
 voluntary 
 
 and this 
 [jilions in 
 jlar. As 
 more nu- 
 this kind 
 ben, par- 
 med, the 
 
 the Mif- 
 y for the 
 , for the 
 
 kc. till 
 
 came in, 
 3ns might 
 iner, fen- 
 2 to time, 
 appointed 
 
 MifHons. 
 nal affairs 
 ley receive 
 en's Con" 
 ITionj have 
 they do 
 es by tnis 
 meansji 
 
 r 29 ] 
 
 means, and they keep regular accounts of the receipts 
 anddifburfements. TheDiaconate of the Miflions have 
 not only the care of providing for the Miflionaries on 
 their voyages and journeys by land and fea ; of fupport- 
 ing them, as ^ar as lies in their power, when they are 
 among the Heathen ; but alfo of providing for their 
 children in the fchools appointed for the education of 
 our children in Europe or America, and alfo for the 
 widows of fuch who depart this life in the labour 
 among the Heathen. 
 
 The Brethren who at prefent are employed in pro- 
 viding for t'"c Miflions in general, have an arduous 
 ta(k ; they fcrve joyfully the work of God among the 
 Heathen without any falary, and their only recompcnce 
 is, that they are employed in fuch an important caufe 
 of our Lord, and that they aflifl in the propagation of 
 ^he Gofpel. 
 
 It would be impoffible for thefe Brethren to provide 
 all that is required for the fupport of the Miflions, if 
 on the one hand the Lord had not enkindled a Zeal in 
 our Congregations, and in the hearts of the members 
 thereof, and of thole friends out of our circle, who 
 vvifh to *ee 'he Kingdom of God come, and who have 
 been informed of the circumflances of our Miflions, 
 to take fliare in, and to end real afllflance to this 
 work oi God, fo ih it the pooreft are willing to throw 
 in their m'tes: and if, on the other hand, our Mifllo- 
 nariess and their Allflants among the Htrathen, did not 
 make It ihe^r concern to be as Truj^a! as poflible, TheMif- 
 
 fionaries, 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 i' 
 
 I 
 h i 
 
I 30 1 
 
 flomrics, as much as their occupation in preaching the 
 GoCpel, and taking care of the Souls of the poor Hea- 
 then will permit, do their utmoft to earn their own 
 bread by the work of their hands, and thus to make the 
 care of thofe employed in providing what is neceflary 
 for the Miflions as eafy as poflible to them. This is 
 more particularly the cafe in fome places, as in St. 
 Thomas, where our Brethren have been able, through 
 the regulations they have made, to provide for their 
 maintenance almnft: entirely ; fo that now commonly 
 [ nothing falls upon the Diaconate of the Miffions, ex- 
 cept the journeys and voyages thither and back again, 
 and fuch extraordinary expences, as building of 
 chapels, &c. 
 
 In the year 1742 fome Brethren, who live in Lon- 
 don, formed ihemfelves into a fociety, by the name of 
 the Brethren's Society for the furtherance of the Gof- 
 pel, with a view to aflift in th.s bleffed work, to which, 
 they were the more encouraged, as a great part of the 
 MiiTionaries, who pafs and repafs, natura'ly go by the 
 way of London. This little Society in the beginning 
 did more than they themfelves, at firfl, could have ex- 
 pe(5led. It was however for feveral years in a declining 
 iiate. But, about two years ago, the old members of 
 the Society formed themfelves anew into a body, to 
 which they added feveral others. Since then they have 
 ccntinued in a {late of bleficd adiivity, and been ena- 
 bled by their own voluntary contributions, by gifts 
 from friends out of our circle, and by two fmall le- 
 gacies, to lend real afliftance to the MiiTionaries who 
 
 have 
 
hing the 
 
 K)r flea- 
 
 leir own 
 
 nake the 
 
 neceflary 
 
 This is 
 
 iS in St. 
 
 through 
 
 for their 
 
 )mmonly 
 
 ons, ex- 
 
 :k again, 
 
 Iding of 
 
 ; in Lon- 
 j name of 
 the Gof- 
 to which- 
 irt of the 
 go by the 
 jeginning 
 
 have ex- 
 declining 
 ambers of 
 body, to 
 they have 
 been ena- 
 
 by gifts 
 
 fmall le- 
 
 laries who 
 
 have 
 
 [ 31 ] 
 
 have pafTed through London, and among the rtfl they 
 have defrayed the whole of the pafH.ge of the Mifllo- 
 naries who went this year to the Coaft of Labrador; 
 and they hope, by the blefTing of tht Lord, to lend con- 
 fiderable affiftance to the eftabl fhment cf the Mif- 
 fion-Settlement on that Coaft next fpnng. 
 
 Thus they afford a great alTiftance to the general 
 Diaconate of the Miflions. You have a more full 
 account of this Society for the furtherance of the Gof- 
 pel, in a letter from j. H. to a friend, publifhed in the 
 year 1708. 
 
 I cannot conclude without obferving, that as there is 
 no fixed falary fettled upon any MifTionary, nor any 
 profpe£l of their ever gaining the leaft pecuniary ad- 
 vantage by their entering into this fervice, nothing but 
 the Love of Chrift can conl'rrain them to engage in 
 this work j and their only reward is, when they fee 
 the Heathen, overcome by divine Grace, bowing their 
 knees unto, and joining already here below in praifing 
 *' the Lamb that was flain, who has loved us and 
 ** wafhed us from our fins in his own blood." 
 
 Notwithftanding all the regulations made, as above 
 related, we are ofien in pain that it is not in our power 
 to give more effectual afnltance to thofe who in the fer- 
 vice of our Lord, among the Heathen, venture their lives 
 and carry their fouls in their han^f, and to render 
 their arduous work mere ca!y to them. 
 
 Thus, 
 
r 3» ] 
 
 If 
 
 ^11 
 
 if"'! 
 
 W ' 
 
 1 I! 
 
 
 Ill 
 
 Thus, my dear Friend, I have given you a brief, 
 though a much longer account, than I intended. 
 
 He who has bought the fouls of Men with his own 
 blood, and who " fhall have the Heathen for his Inhc- 
 •' ritance, and the uttermoft parts of the earth for his 
 " pofleflion," bepraifed for what he has done by means 
 of the Brethren j and I am perfuaded that all thofe who 
 love the Lord Jefus Chrift, and wifti for the happinefs 
 of their fellow-creatures, will join in prayer, that the 
 Lord of the harveft may continue to blcfs and prof- 
 per this important work, until " the Knowledge of the 
 *' Lord covereth the earth, even as the waters cover 
 «« the fea." 
 
 As for you, my dear Friend, I know and have fcen 
 how zealoufly your foul wifiieth for the time, when 
 •' the fulnefs of the Gentiles fhall come in, and all If- 
 ** rael be faved," in which wifh you are joined by 
 
 Your loving and faithful Friend, 
 
 Benjamin La Trobe, 
 
 N 
 
 s. 
 
 ERRATUM. 
 Page 15. line 7. from the bouom, for metier xc&djtjler. 
 
11 a brief, 
 :d. 
 
 I his own 
 
 his Inhc- 
 th for his 
 by means 
 hofe who 
 lappinefs 
 that the 
 and prof- 
 ge of the 
 ers cover 
 
 have fcen 
 le, when 
 nd all If- 
 dby 
 
 ;nd» 
 
 Frobe, 
 
 In the year 1767, was publifhed, in two Volumes, 
 
 TH E Hiftory of Greenland, containing a defcrip- 
 tion of the Country and its Inhabitants ; and 
 particularly, a relation of the Miffion carried on for 
 above thefe thirty years by the Unitas Fratrum at New- 
 Herrnhuth and Lichtenfels in that Country. By Da- 
 vid Crantz. And is ftill fold by J. Dodfley, in Pall- 
 Mali i T. Becket and P. A. de Hondt j and T. Cadell, 
 kicceflbr to A. Millar, in the Strand ; W. Sanday, in 
 Fleet-ftreet; S. Bladon, in Pater-nofter-rowj E. and 
 C. Dilly, In the Poultry i and at all the Brethren's 
 Chapels. 
 
 And in this year 177 1, is publifhed. 
 
 The AiSls of the Days of the Son of Man, or the 
 hiftory of our Lord and Saviour Jefus Chrift, compre- 
 hending all that the fr r Evangelifts have recorded 
 concerning Him: All iheir relations being brought 
 together in one narration; fo that no circumftance is 
 ©mltted, but that ineftimable Hiftory is continued in 
 one feries, in the very words of our Englifti verfion. 
 Sold at Mr. Huggins's, Goldfmith's-Court, New-ftreet, 
 1 eiter-lane; E. and C. Dilly, in the Poultry ; T. Becket, 
 oppofite the New Church in the Strand ; and at all 
 the Brethren's Chapels. 
 
 \ififitr. 
 
f>t'*±l 
 
 if 
 
 ilLi 
 
 ■ • 
 
 » 
 
 M 
 
 -' 
 
 • 
 
 E 
 
 c 
 
 * 
 
 
 «^iy: 
 
 •\ 
 
 te 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
u 
 
 
 li^ '&r-Af^-r 
 
 ^. 
 
 A. 
 
 ij^s2;:e&fii3s£^£&;s£fc&s&s2;£cta^^ 
 
 A BRIEF 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 MISSION 
 
 
 ESTABLISHED AMONG THE 
 
 ESQUIMAUX INDIANS, 
 
 m 
 
 O K T H E 
 
 COAST OF LABRADOR. 
 
 J53!g55?J!5p:358p5?:8?5!55!5?8?F^ 
 
 n 
 I 
 
A BRIEF 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 MISSION 
 
 ESTABLISHED AMONG TH£ 
 
 ESQUIMAUX INDIANS, 
 
 O N T H E 
 
 COAST OF LABRADOR, 
 
 BY THE 
 
 CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN, 
 
 O R 
 
 UNITAS FRATRUM. 
 
 'm\ 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed by M. Lewis, No. i. Pater*nofter-Row» for the 
 Brethren's Society for the Furtherance of the 
 Gofpel : and fold by M. Lewis, and at all the 
 Brethren's Chapels; 
 
 mdcclxxiv. 
 Price Sxx-pince. 
 
^f v^ 
 
 i{>: i 
 
 i!' 
 
 ^i ti 
 
 mv 
 
A BRIEF 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 OF T H a 
 
 MISSION, &c. 
 
 THE Efquimaux, who are the inhabitants of 
 the coaft of Labrador, from the 55th to the 
 60th degree Northern latitude, have been hi- 
 therto known under no other character than that of a 
 tl: ievifli, treacherous, and murderous race of favages. 
 But after the Brethren had made feveral voyages to that 
 coaft, with a view to get acquainted with this nation, 
 and were thereby certified, that the Efqulmaux had 
 the fame language with the Greenlanders, only fome- 
 what differing in the dialed, as has been already rela- 
 ted in the SuccinSi View of the Mijfiom ejiablijhed 
 among the Heathen hy the Church of the Brethren^ 
 page 2^—2; ; and it appearing that they were in all 
 probability the fame nation originally, it v/as refolved 
 to eftabiifh a miffion-fettlement among them. 
 
 ' 
 
 Many Brethren offered themfelves to enter upon 
 this arduous undertaking, though they were, in no 
 wife, ignorant of the dangers attending it. Out of 
 thefe, three married pairs, one widower, and fever. 
 
 A 2 ii"gl» 
 
"1 'Mi 
 
 m<H ■ 
 
 [4] 
 
 fingle Brethren were fixed upon to begin this fettle- 
 ment. They were, 
 
 Jens Haven, who was the firft brother that went in 
 fearch of the Efquimaux. He felt, even before he 
 went to Greenland, an impulfe to carry to this favage 
 nation the gofpel of their redemption, and undifmayed 
 by the many difficulties and dangers which he had met 
 with, and might ftili have to encounter, he went with 
 his wife in this company. 
 
 Chriftian Laerfen Drachart, an old Miflionary, who 
 is frequently mentioned in Craniz*s Hijlory of Green- 
 land, having ferved the Lord twelve years among the 
 Greenlanders, waited, as a widower, many years 
 with earneft dsfire, that the door might be opened to 
 the Efquimaux, and that he might end his days in 
 the miniftry of the Gofpel among them. He accor- 
 dingly failed with the reft, the third time, to Labrador. 
 
 Chriftopher Braafen, a phyfician and furgeon, who 
 was ftirred up on his vifit in Greenland to devote 
 himfelf to the fervice of the Lord among thefe favages, 
 went thither with his wife. 
 
 John Schneider, born in Moravia, who had beenalfo 
 feveral years an affiftant in the Milfion in Greenland, 
 but afterw.irds waited a confiderable time in America 
 till the door fliould be opened to the Efquimaux. 
 He at length obtained his wifh to go with his wife to 
 Labrador. 
 
 Jofeph 
 
[ 5 ] 
 
 this fettle- 
 
 Jofeph Neufler, who had alfo been feveral years ?.n 
 afliftant in the Miflion in Greenland, and 
 
 bat went in 
 1 before he 
 i this favage 
 undifmayed 
 he had met 
 e went with 
 
 onary, who 
 y of Green- 
 
 among the 
 nany years 
 e opened to 
 his days in 
 
 He accor- 
 5 Labrador. 
 
 rgeon. 
 
 who 
 
 to devote 
 efe favages, 
 
 ad been alfo 
 Greenland, 
 in America 
 Lfquimaux. 
 his wife to 
 
 Stephen Jenfon, who was appointed to have the 
 care of the externals in this Mifnon ^ 
 
 And five other afliftants, all Single Erethrcn, were 
 chofen to enter upon this undertaking. 
 
 Thefe came altogether from their different habita- 
 tions hither, to Lindfey-houfe inChclfeaj and their 
 fimplicity, deliberate zeal, and devoteJnefs of heart, 
 was an edification to all thofe who converfed with 
 them. 
 
 At the rcqueft of the Deputation of the Miffions*, 
 the Brethren's Society for the Furtherance of the Gof- 
 pel among the Heathen §, undertook to fit out and 
 eftablifli this Miflion with a zeal and heartlnels which 
 muft render them truly refpedtable ; for although it 
 was evident to themfelves, that it would be beyon.l 
 the ability of their little company (with that which 
 the Deputation, who have fo many Miffions to pro- 
 vide for, could contribute towards the cxpenccs) to 
 raifc the fums neccflary for fuch a great undertaking ; 
 yet they trufted in the Lord, to tvhm there is nc rcjhaint 
 to execute his will by many or by feu\ that he would 
 ftir up not only our brethren and fifters, but alfo the 
 
 * Thofe Brethren chofen at the fynod, to h.-.vc the gei:ernl car; c;f thn 
 external affairs of all the mifllous, are called the Deputation of the iMlfii5»n3. 
 
 ■it 
 I 
 
 % 
 
 Jofeph 
 
 ^ This foclcty iscftabliftcd in LondDHi 
 
 i.'vcrs 
 
' 1 
 
 1 :^| 
 
 [ 6 ] 
 
 lovers of the krngdom of Jefus and the friends of man- 
 kind to aflifl: them, and their hope* have not been put 
 to ilian^e. 
 
 As it was needful, that the Mifllonaries (hould be 
 provided with all neceffaries of every kind, therefore 
 » houfe was framed here, that fo it might be ereded 
 tipon their arrival, and made habitable before the fhip 
 left the coaft. Bricks, mortar, boards, fhmgles, caft 
 iron ftoves, and all neceffary furniture, was procured for 
 them, partly here, and partly in Newfoundland. And 
 as they had but very little hopes of procuring their 
 maintenance by hunting and fifliing, therefore a quan- 
 tity of luitable provifions for a year at leiift, and cloaths 
 proper for that inhofpitable climate, were fent with 
 them. Though what was provided was but fcanty, 
 yet they received it with great thankfulnefs, and their 
 toy in the hopes of being a blcffing to the EfquimauX 
 made them fuperior to all tl^ difEculties and inconve- 
 niences. 
 
 Government ihcved a kind attention to their fafcty, 
 and Mr. Byron, who fucceeded Sir Hugh Pallifer, in 
 the government of Newfoundland and Labrador, was 
 fo good as to iflue a proclamation, forbidding every 
 one to moleft the Brethren in their fettlement, or to 
 male-treat the poor Efquimaux in any wife. 
 
 The owners, who had refolved to purchafe a Hiip 
 merdy for the fake of this Mlffion, had, in the foregoing 
 years, fuftamcd a confiderabie lofs, yet they determined 
 
£ 7 3 
 
 to pirrcliare a larger Ihlp for the carrying fheBrefhi^ 
 to Laljrador, they being paid by the Brethren's So- 
 ciety for the Furtherance of the Gofpel, far the 
 freight of the palfengcrs and their goods. 
 
 Every thing being prepared for the vo)'age, they 
 were, at a folemn meeting in the Brethren's Chapel 
 in Fetter-lane, London, on the sth of May, 177 1, 
 3-ecommended, in a fervent and afFeaing prayer, to 
 the gracious proteaion and keeping of our Father in 
 heaven, to the grace and prefence of our Lord Jefufi 
 Chrift, and to the kind guidance of the Holy Ghoft; 
 ^d on the 8th of the fame month they went on board 
 the (hip Amity, with confident and joyful hearts, and 
 arrived, after a tedious and troublefome voyagCj at St. 
 John's in Newfoundland, on the firft of July. 
 
 They met here with much kindnefs from fome of 
 shf inhabitants ; and having foon compleated their 
 acres, failed on the 7th for Labrador, 
 
 This iaft part of their vopge was ftill more difficult 
 and dangerous. They were often obliged, on account' 
 of ftorms, to run into bays between numberlefs iflands 
 and funken rocks, with which this coaft abounds. 
 They were often environed with great mountains of 
 ice and ice-fields, which ^re terrible to the very mari- 
 ners : but the Lord helped them out of all the dangers 
 Witii which they were encompafled, and gave them the 
 joy to fee, meet and fpeak, at fundry times, with fomc 
 •f the Efquimaux. As foon as the Indians heard that 
 
 they 
 
 I 
 
I 
 
 i^ 
 
 14, 
 
 M 
 
 [ 8 ] 
 
 they were Brethren who would dwell among them, 
 and that Jens Ingoak (little Jens, fo they called Brother 
 Haven) was there, they exprcflbd much joy, and were 
 very ready to fcrve them, by giving them direaions 
 how to find the harbour which they had chofen the 
 foregoing year. They caft anchor in the defired ha- 
 ven on the 9th of Auguft. And their firft bufmefs 
 vras to return thanks and praifes to the Lord, whofe 
 help they had fo often experienced. 
 
 They went on ftiore the next day, being the lOth of 
 Auguft, to take a nearer view of the ground, and to 
 fix 'upon the fpot on which they would ered their 
 houfe. One of the texts f appointed for that day in 
 all the Brethren's Congregations was particularly im- 
 preflive and encouraging. It was. 
 
 cc 
 
 Thou (halt bring them in, and plant them in the 
 « mountain of thine inheritance, in the place, O 
 " Lord, which thou haft made for thee to dwell in, in 
 « the fanauary which thine hands have eftabliftied," 
 Exod. XV. i6. To which was added the coUca, 
 
 We furely are a work of thine own hand. 
 Thy fouls, on whom thou'ft deign'd thy blood to 
 *' fpend, 
 <« By thy holy Spirit to thee direaed, 
 « A cov'nant people, by free grace, ekaed 
 
 « To endlefs blifs." 
 
 f There are two texts appointed for each day throughout the year, 
 which are ufed in all the Brethren's Congregations j uii a ihcrt coUeft, 
 ' keing generally fome liaei •( a hymn, u fubjoincd. 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
r them. 
 Brother 
 nd were 
 redlions 
 ifen the 
 ired ha- 
 bufinefs 
 , whofe 
 
 : loth of 
 , and to 
 E(5l their 
 It day in 
 larly im- 
 
 m in the 
 jlace, O 
 ell in, in 
 iblilhed," 
 lea. 
 
 r blood to 
 
 ed 
 
 fs blifs." 
 
 out the year, 
 ihcrt coUcft, 
 
 Thev 
 
 19 3 
 
 They immediately fct about erefting their houfe, 
 inclofed it with palifades, and were Co far ready, on 
 the 22d of September, that they could enter into it and 
 lodge in two rooms ; and the worthy Captain, who 
 had, with his crew, given them all poflible affiftance, 
 could fet fail for England on the 24th of September. 
 
 The place which the Brethren have chofen for their 
 habitation upon the main land, is fo fituated, that both 
 the Numriguai* Tribe, who dwell on the iflands between 
 them and the open fea, and the other Efquim.^ux, who 
 ufually go from the South to the North and back again, 
 pafs by it; and thus they have an opportunity to hear 
 the Gofpel there. 
 
 Brother Drachart began dire^ly to preach the Gof- 
 pel of reconciliation to the Savages, while the reft of the 
 Brethren were employed in building : Their fituation 
 was critical, it was, as one of them writes, as if each 
 with om ofhii hands wrought in the work, and zvith the other 
 held a weapon j for it was neceflary for them to ufe all 
 precaution, and to be conftantly upon their guard againft 
 the attempts of a nation, to whom ftealing and mur- 
 dering were become, through habit, a fecond nature. 
 But, praifed be God, who preferved them with fuch 
 a powerful arm, and who turned the hearts of the Ef- 
 quimaux to fuch friendfhip towards the Brethren, that 
 there was no occafion to make ufe of any kind of wea- 
 pons againft them. The Brethren foon difcovered a 
 very confiderable difference between the conduft of 
 thefe favages now. and when they firft fawthem. For- 
 
 * They are called Nuntvguah, becaufe the diftrift in which they live 
 is called Nunenguak, 
 
 6 
 
 merly 
 
C 10 ] 
 
 mcrly, they were bold and impudent, and looked upon 
 the Ei:ropeans as upon dogs, giving them the appella- 
 tion, KaUuncts^ that is. Barbarians, but called them- 
 fdvcs Irmuit, which fignifics Men. Now, they ex- 
 prcfll'J their defirc to hear the good news, and fhewed, 
 of their own accord, that they had no fecret murdering 
 knives conccidcd in their flcevcs, or under their jackets, 
 nor bows and arrows, nor darts hid in their kajaks *. 
 They began to prove by facSs, that their ufual aJdrefs to 
 the Brethren, when they firft met them, Iklngutigekpogut, 
 (we are friends) was truth, and flowed from their 
 hearts. The Brethren therefore conclude the journal 
 which they fcnt to Europe with thcfc words, " We 
 " have reafon to thank our Lord for prefcrving us hi- 
 " thcrto bcyon-! all cur expe£lation, and all our Bre- 
 " thrcn and Sifters and friends, who hear this, will 
 *' praifc the Lord with us." 
 
 The owners refolved to fend the fhip again in the 
 Spring of 1772 ; but as their forn.'T lofs was confider- 
 ably encrcafed by the laft voyage, they determined to 
 fend her to filh upon the banks of Newfoundland, be- 
 fore fhe failed to Labrador with the provifions fcnt for 
 the Brethren's ufe this year. 
 
 7'he fliip ftaid longer out than was expeeled, and did 
 not return to London until December. This dJay 
 gave us nvuch concern, and we were not without pain- 
 
 X A Kajcd is a fmall boat, Huup at both ends, the rihs are made of 
 wood , thefe are covered altogether with Seal fkin, in the middle is a hole, 
 into v^hich the m .n thrufls his hgs, and the lower pa; t of his body, and 
 fits with his legs extended. Thcfe boats hold but one man, who makes 
 ufe of a paddle, and can get very fpcedily forward. 
 
 ful 
 
 itild 
 
)ked upon 
 e appella- 
 llcd them- 
 thcy ex- 
 id fhcwed, 
 murdering 
 nr jackets, 
 r kajaks *. 
 iaddrefs to 
 utigekpogut^ 
 from their 
 lie journal 
 ■ds, "We 
 I'ing us hi- 
 ll our Bre- 
 r this, will 
 
 ^ain in the 
 as confider- 
 :ermined to 
 ndland, be- 
 ons Tent for 
 
 }ed, and did 
 
 This delay 
 
 ithout pain- 
 
 rihs are made of 
 middle is a liole^ 
 of his body, and 
 nan, who makes 
 
 ful 
 
 ful apprehenfions ; but our good brethren in Nain § had 
 reafon to have more frightful and anxious thoughts on 
 account of the (hip's remaining fo long abi'ent from 
 them. 
 
 After the departure of the {hip in the foregoing year, 
 they had enough to do to finifh their houfe, and to fe- 
 cure themfclves againft the cold, which is much more 
 imenfe there than in Greenland, although their houfe is 
 almoft fcven degrees more to the South than our fettle- 
 ment in that country ||. The ice does not thaw, fo as 
 to clear the harbour, till towards the end of June. 
 
 Thouo;h they did all in their power to obtain frefli 
 provifions by hunting, fowling, and fifhmg, yet tiiey 
 got but a very Ar-all quantity, having ihotbut twoRein- 
 deers, and about an hundred Ru)pers, a bird a little 
 bigger than a patridge. I'his was^ccrtainly but a fn^all 
 pittance for fuch a large family. 
 
 As the {hip, after having concluded the fi{liing on 
 the Banks, had a very flow paflage to Labrador by rea- 
 fon of contrary winds and much ice, and die' not reach 
 Unity-Harbour until the end of Oaober, the Brethren 
 began to give up all hopes of her arrival, and of their 
 getting any provifions this year. They had but two 
 
 § They called their houfe NaIn, and the harbour before the houie, 
 Unity-Haibour. 
 
 II The reafon of this is, that the N. W. wind, v.'.iich isthcfevereft, comes 
 over an arm of the fca to our fettlement in Greenland, by which meajis 
 the cold is leffencd} whereas this fcvcre wind, which blows the grcatcll 
 part of the winter in Labrador, comes to Nain over an immeufe frozen 
 
 ^-'^'^'="^- B 2 pieces 
 
I. 
 
 tf 
 
 '111 
 
 I " 3 
 
 picccsoffltih meat lcft,andverylittleof other provlfions, 
 and h.id the difmal profps^a ot ftarving for want of the 
 neceflaries of life. They therefore fought out and ga- 
 thered all the red and black berries under the hills, dri- 
 ed them, and laid them carefully by. From the Efqui- 
 maux they could cxpca little or no afTiftance, notwith- 
 ftanding the good will feveral of them teftificd j for 
 thefe poor improvident favages fufFer often themfclves (o 
 great want, that fomc, almoft every year, die through 
 hunger I. 
 
 Thus fituated, their diftrefs was turned Into the 
 greater joy, when the fhip at hift, contrary to their ex- 
 peaations, appeared in Unity-Harbour on the 28th of 
 gaober. * In their letters thsy exprefs themfelves on 
 this occafion thus ; 
 
 «« Had you feen the 'oy that reigned among us, 
 ♦* when we heard that the fhip was arrived, you would 
 •« ccrtaihly never forget it ; for we had given her up, 
 <« and had devoted ourfelvts to the mof^ extreme degree 
 « of poverty. I cannot fay that a dejcaed fpirit ruled 
 " among us before ; but we were refolved to furren- 
 <« der ourfelvts up to all circumftances, hoping and 
 «« trufting that He who has fent us hither, who has 
 « counted our hairs, and without whofc pcrmiiTion 
 «« none of tliem could fiill to the ground, would pre- 
 ♦« ferve us."^ In another letter it is remarked : 
 
 4 The favages bad been I'n fuch want the foregoing winter, that ihey 
 were obliged to cig up ire eight feet thick on theftiand, to get mwfcles and 
 fea weeds to flay their hunger and preferve life. 
 
 • With the ihip their number was encreafed by a brother who went to 
 Labrador to 4weW with them, ^^ ^, 
 
 ! 
 
 (( 
 
 (C 
 
)rovifions, 
 ant of the 
 It and ga- 
 hills, dri- 
 the Efqui- 
 , notwith- 
 lificd i for 
 enifclves (o 
 lie through 
 
 i into the 
 to their ex- 
 the 28th of 
 snifelves on 
 
 <c 
 
 I 
 
 among us, 
 , you would 
 ven her up, 
 trcme degree 
 i fpirit ruled 
 1 to furren- 
 hoping and 
 Er, who has 
 fc pcrmiflion 
 , would pre- 
 narked : 
 
 winter, that iliey 
 to get iriufcks and 
 
 Other who went to 
 
 <* The I 
 
 <( 
 
 [ 13] 
 The (hip's (laying away fo long had two effects j 
 •« firft, It convinced us that nothing was impoTible to 
 « the Lord, and that he can command the foas ihat 
 «< they fhould remain open, that, though fo late in the 
 «« year, the fhip could come hither. Secondly, It made 
 *« us more thankful for the provifion lent to us*" 
 
 Touching the main objca of thpr fcttlcment, one of 
 the n writes as follov.'s ; 
 
 " The word of the crofs, and of the great atoning 
 Sacrifice, has been, at every opportunity, yea with- 
 " out ccflatioji, preached by us unto the Efquimaux. 
 <* Brother Drachart hi;s particularly (hewn great 
 « faithfulnefs herein ; for he fcarccly ever fpeaks with 
 «' them of any thing clle. They hear it, and for the 
 " frreateft part wonder at it. Sometimes they will not 
 " hear, go away from him, and begin to laugh; but 
 «« he is ftill patient, and goes on in hope. We dif- 
 " cover however joyful traces in fome, that the word 
 '* of the crofs, which can even melt rocks, does not 
 «* return without leaving fome (ffcds on one or ano- 
 " ther of th-:m. May our Saviour grant that it may 
 " foon take deep root in their hearts !" 
 
 Notwithftanding the exccffivc cold in winter, fome 
 of the mifTionaries ventured to go over the ice and fnow 
 on a vifit, and to preach the gofpel to the Efquimaux 
 in their winter houfes, which arc built of pieces of 
 Inow f. The miJionaries were not only received and 
 
 lodged 
 
 § The manner of forming thcfc houfes is this; they cli.ife alarg- drift 
 of fpcw, dig an oval hwle in it as Uree as they '.^^-.t '>- • ho'ife. They ther. 
 
 
 I 
 
m 
 
 I 
 
 [14] 
 
 lod-ed in a very friendly manner by the Efquimaux, 
 but they were conftantly vifited by numbers of them as 
 foon as they could drive from their habitations on the 
 iflands, to the Brethren's dwelling, over the frozen fea, 
 on fledges drawn by dogs^. And as foon as the ice 
 was gone, the vifits were ftill more numerous §. 
 
 The confidence of ^he favages to the Brethren, had 
 
 increafpd in fuch a manner, ihat they afked their advice 
 in all their c.rcumftances. A particular inltance of 
 their confidence and aituition to the Brethren had occur- 
 red this year. 1 here arofe fuch a quarrel betv/een 
 fome of the Efquimaux of Nunenguak and Jrbartok^ 
 that the latter threatened to murder the former. 
 Thofe of Nunenguak therefore fled to the Brethren, 
 and defired their proteaion. I'he Brethren would not 
 
 cut out pieces of fnow of three feet long, two fe^.t broad, and one foot 
 thick; with thefi they aich over this hoh-. ''fiftebd of a window, they 
 cui a hole in the arch, and fix in a flab <if ice, whkh givis tolerable light. 
 They H a Jo"? crooked l"w entry through the fro to th"-d>A elling, mu ufe 
 a flab of frozen fnow for the door. They le.ive an el..v,. ion of about vwinty 
 inches high.in the midft ot th.. houfe, on which they Iny iViiis and fleep. 
 
 X Thjfc fledges are fometimes drawn by fou-t-. r, by twenty, yea, they 
 have r.cn twenty-right dogs before fuch a flcUgc. They run ail a!.ieaft. 
 Ther harne's is all bound togethtr to a thick thoag, wh.ch, paflTing-hro' 
 3 ftrong ri.e, i. faAened to the fledge. The driver ?lfo binds all th^ reins 
 together ; his whip has a handle of about ten inches or a foot long, hut 
 thr lafli is from twenty to twenty-four feet it length, and he can govern 
 his do^s tolerably expertlj . Th .fc poor dogs are all half (tarved ; they 
 frequently eat their harnefs, and are then beaten mod unmercifully. 
 
 & Th'.- ECquimaux c-n go much more conveniently from place to place 
 in thnr Kajaks and women's boats when th-. water is open, t'lanontheii- 
 fledges ovc/ the ice, and are not fo much expofed to ihe cold. This is the 
 f e»fon of the viflcs being more numerous in fummer than in winter. 
 
 dif. 
 
I 
 
 dif- 
 
 difappoint their good confidence, but promifed to pro- 
 te6l them, upon condition that they would concur with 
 them in endeavouring to make peace between them and 
 their enemies. Not long after, one of their enemies, 
 who was refolved upon murder, came alfo upon the 
 Brethren's land. By the defire of thefe Efquimaux, 
 who complained of this man, and who were ten in 
 number, among whom was Tugluina^ the hufband of 
 the well-known woman Mikak, and his brother Segn- 
 liak^ a meeting was appointed between him and them, 
 in the prcfence of the Brethren. The ten accufers, 
 one after the other, delivered their teftimonies againft 
 the accufed, and he defended himfelf as well as he 
 could ; but they puflied him fo hard, that at length he 
 began to weep. Then Brother Drachart began to 
 Ihew unto them, that God would, by this opportunity, 
 convince them of their wretched condition, and bring 
 them into a. ther and happier way of thinking. He 
 afl<ed the accufed, whether he was forry for his wicked 
 murdering thoughts and intentions f whether he would 
 hy them afide, and would for the future love his coun- 
 trymen as his brethren ? und fome more fuch quef- 
 tions. As he anfwered all thefc queftions in the affir- 
 mative, and not v.?ithour emotion, he then addi;.;iled the 
 accufers, and afked them whether chey would forgive 
 him, and, forgcttmg all that had pi;flcd, make peace, 
 and would alfo for the future love him as their coun- 
 tryman ? Nine of them exprcficd their readinefs to for- 
 give him, but one would not give an anfwcr. Brother 
 Drachart tooK. this man afide into his chamber, and 
 afked him why he would not forgivr: ? At iirft he repli- 
 ed, that he did not believe that the accufed meant 
 
 honeftly 
 
t i6 1 
 
 honeftly what he fpoke with his lips. Dradhart reprt- 
 rented unto him, that God could ch:mge the hearts ; 
 that he himfelf had fuch a bad heart that God muft 
 change it, why then would he not forgive his coun- 
 tryman ? Through this convcrfation he became fo ten- 
 der, that he declared his willitignefs to lay afide all en- 
 mity. He went back into the affembly with Drachart, 
 and publicly declared his readinefs to forgive. Thus 
 peace was not only eftabliflied among them, but the 
 Efquimaux refolved among themfelves, that when any 
 differences fhould for the future arife, or evil reports be 
 fpread of each other, they would go direftly to the 
 Brethren, beg to have fuch another meeting, and make 
 up their differences amicably. Thus the Lord approved 
 his fervants to the favages as peace-makers, and thereby 
 ftrengthened their faith, that he would, in his good 
 time, open their hearts and ears that they may become 
 obedient to the faith. 
 
 "With this hope, and with an emboldened mind, 
 they concluded the fiift year of their abode among 
 thcfe favages ; and by the accounts received of theix 
 prefervation and chcarful perfcvcrnncc in the work of 
 the Lord, the Congregations of the Brethren were 
 'filled with praife and thankfgivlng*. 
 
 But with a view to come more to the affiftance of 
 die miffion by council and deed, both in their inter- 
 
 * We cannot help mentioning, that Sifter Haven was delivered of a 
 fon, who was baptized in the Efquimaux language, in the ptefence of the 
 Efquimaux, and called John-Benjamin. The Efquimaux are exceeding 
 
 fond of thU child. Another Sifter was delivered, but the child was 
 
 ftiU-bcrn, ^^j 
 
 i 
 
earts ; 
 I muft 
 coun- 
 fo ten- 
 all en- 
 achart. 
 
 Thus 
 but the 
 len any 
 )orts be 
 
 to the 
 d make 
 :>proved 
 thereby 
 is good 
 become 
 
 1 mind, 
 ; among 
 of thcix 
 work of 
 en were 
 
 ftance of 
 lir inter- 
 
 elivered of a 
 efence of the 
 re exceeding 
 le child was 
 
 f 17 ] 
 
 nal and external affairs, the Brethren, to whom the 
 fynod has committed the general care of all the Bre- 
 thren's mlffions, refolved to fend one of their number 
 upon a vifitation to Labrador in the fpring, 1773. 
 The Rev. Paul Eugenius Layritz was chofen for this 
 purpofe J and notwithftanding, his age, being fixty-foc 
 years old, he declared with chearfulnefs his readinefs to 
 undertake this difficult and dangerous voyage. His 
 wife alfo determined to go with him, to be a comfort 
 and pleafure to the three fifters in Nain. 
 
 They arrived in Lindfey-houfe, Chelfea, on the 5th 
 of May laft year, and were refolved to go with the fhip 
 to Newfoundland, and either to ftay on board while flit 
 was fifhing, or to wait in St. John's until the {hip ftiould 
 return from the banks, and then to embark for Labra- 
 dor. The Owners of the (hip were again lofers, and 
 therefore under the neceffity of making an addition of 
 fifty pounds to every hundred of the original ftock, to 
 enable them to fit out the fhip for the next voyage. 
 However, they ventured to refolve upon the purchafe 
 of a fmall vcfi*el in Newfoundland, which fliould carry 
 Brother and Sifter Layritz, and Brother John Ludwig 
 Beck, to Labrador as foon as the ice would permit. 
 
 Brother Beck is the eldeft fon of John Beck the 
 oldeft Miffionary in Greenland. He was born in 
 Greenland, but was educated from his feventh year in 
 Germany j and fome years ago was fent back to be 
 thoroughly inftruaed in the Greenland language by 
 his father, and thus be qualified to be employed in the 
 miffion among the Efquimaux. 
 
 C They 
 
 nal 
 
r.--J^j(. 
 
 'i! 
 
 [ i8 1 
 ' Thev'arnvcd -tkii^iJ'wll'mfte Ijarbour of St. 
 VohU on May theVh, arta much fcindnefs w« ftevm 
 io km W'!ilr;"vf&te, Judge of the Vice Admiralty 
 iSourt. to Whom the worthy Governor Schuldam had 
 re.pomme:.ded Mr.'Layritz, as alftt by Juft.ce G.ll and 
 
 fic.Gadden. 
 
 After Capt.Mugford and Brother John Hill had 
 purchafed and fitted out a fmdl Hoop. Brother Lay- 
 ritzand his c6mpany embarked, on the 22d of May, 
 on board this littk {loop, fromtwenty five to 'h.rty tons 
 burthen. caJM th,eGeorge, commanded by Mr. Wil- 
 fiwiand failed for Labrador: hut after fa.lmg three 
 rys, they were ftopt by a field of ice, which extended 
 beyond the bound? of theirfight, and wereobhgedj:o run 
 with contrary wind, and ina ftorm, into thebayNotre- 
 -Dame. Eight Jays after, they ventured, m company 
 With another floop from Fogo, to fail through the broken 
 ^cesof ice. but were under the neceffity of returrw 
 C to the bay.and get back to their former place w.* 
 great danger. At length they fet forward on therr 
 voyage, failipg Howly along the coaft ; ar.d on the 
 dbof June they made the Southern coaft of Labrador, 
 ^d the next day got fight of the firft Lfqu.maux m 
 «it*tKajaks. Thefe, upon being called to, m the 
 ninner andwor^ ufual in Greenland, foon cameo., 
 board, behaved friendly, and were very attentive whde 
 feme Greenland wfes were fung. concernmgthe re- 
 demption by our Saviour. They invited the Brethren 
 to vifit them on Camp Ifland, where they had pitch- 
 ed their tents. The (loop accordingly failed thither ; 
 and although thefe Efquimaux. who dwell to the 
 
 South, 
 
ur of St. 
 as fhewn 
 idmiralty 
 Idam had 
 Gill and 
 
 Hill had 
 ther Lay- 
 l of May, 
 hirty tons 
 \lr. Wil- 
 ing three 
 
 extended 
 ged to run 
 lay Notre- 
 
 company 
 :he broken 
 of return- 
 place witjj 
 I on their 
 id on the 
 Labrador, 
 uimaux in 
 to, in the 
 n came on 
 itive while 
 ,ng the re- 
 E Brethren 
 had pitch- 
 id thither ; 
 rell to the 
 South, 
 
 C i9 3 
 
 South, and are called Arbartoks, are of the worft kind, 
 yet they received their vifit in a very friendly manner^ 
 and about fifty old and young Indians heard thegpf- 
 pel which Brother Layritz preached to them in thei^ 
 five' tents, and Brother Beck interpreted j they liftenej 
 with eager attention, and promifed to vifit the Brethreiv, 
 in Nain, and to hear more of thefe good words. Some 
 days after, fome of their countrymen, about two^ 
 hundred in number, in fix (hallops, met the little fioop, 
 on the coaft, furrounded her and behaved fo peaceably.^ 
 that they did not look like the former thieving an^^ 
 murdering Efquimaux. They all knew of the Bre- 
 thren in Nain, and fome related that they had flept 
 there laft winter, and: that they had heard there, fron^ 
 Brother Drachart, the very fame aood words which 
 Brother Layritz now told them. 
 
 At length they reached the latitude of Nain, aftej; 
 having efcaped many dangers, and particularly one oil 
 the 15th of July, when they run upon a Ihoal, and 
 were obliged to unload the velVcl upon an ifland that lay 
 near them, and thus, through the grace of God, 
 thev got off without damage. Here they were at a 
 lofs, not knowing how to fteer fafely through the 
 iflands and rocks which extend far into the fea before 
 Unity-Harbour, but they got fight of an Efquimaux 
 woman's boat* ; the owner of which offered to pilot 
 
 • What they call a >.oman's boat, i, . large boat, the nbs «f which afc 
 „adc of wood, but the whole b covered with Seal fk,n. One of thef 
 ioats will hold a whole family, with their menf.ls, and a great number 
 £o,s. They arc always rowed by the v.om.n, a«<l the.ef.r. called wo- 
 
 '"'"'*''""• ^ ,, them 
 
 -;. 
 
 1 
 II 
 
 I 
 
 i-; 
 
 I; 
 
[ 20 ] 
 
 them through Byron's road to Nain. Thus they ar^ 
 rived fafe and well in Unity-Harbour on July 25th, 
 and were received with the greater joy, which the Bre- 
 thren ajid Sifters exprefled by floods of tears, as their 
 vifit was quite unexpected, and particularly becaufe a 
 Sifter was come to them. The very Efquimaux, who 
 to the number of two hundred had pitched twenty-one 
 tents on the ftrand, were full of joy. Eighteen Ka- 
 jaks came to meet the floop as (he run into the har- 
 bour, and vve|-e hung to the floop on the right and on 
 the left, and the Efquimaux came on board to wel- 
 come the vifitors. When they landed, theywere fur- 
 rounded by two hundred young and old, and efcorted 
 by tl)em to the houfe of the Miffionaries with every 
 token of joy, 
 
 At the numerous vifits of the Efquimaux, of whom 
 thirty-fix tents* full had been there at once in the 
 beginning of July, the Miffionaries were ufed to vifit 
 them every iporning in their tents, and to enquire, 
 whether they had kept what they had heard in an honeft 
 and good heart ? Tpwarcis evening they had always a 
 meeting with the Efqujmaux, to which they were 
 called by the found of a bell. In thefe meetings, firft 
 a verfe out of the Greenland Hymn Book, was given 
 put and fung, which many of them retain, both as to 
 the words and tune, fo that they can join very well in 
 ringing them. After this the gofpel was preached to 
 ^hem in a concifp manner. Sometimes they were 
 
 • A tent is fo fpacious that it can contain a family of fix, eight, ten, 
 ^nd fomclinies more, with all their utcnfils. 
 
 afked, 
 
 (( 
 
\ 
 
 hey ar** 
 
 he Bre- 
 as their 
 scaufe a 
 IX, who 
 nty-one 
 en Ka- 
 he har- 
 and on 
 to wel- 
 ere fur- 
 efcorted 
 th every 
 
 )f whom 
 e in the 
 d to vifit 
 enquire, 
 in honeft 
 always a 
 icy were 
 ngs, firft 
 vzs given 
 oth as to 
 y well in 
 :ached to 
 ley were 
 
 , eight, ten, 
 
 afkedj. 
 
 [ ai ] 
 
 afkcd, whether they underftood what they had heard ? 
 and upon their defiring it, it was farther explained to 
 them. The Efquimaux themfelves often afked for 
 a more particular explanation. In the firft meeting, 
 at which Brother Layritz was prefent, he delivered a 
 Ihort difcourfe which Brother Drachart interpreted : 
 Then one of the moft diftinguiflied heads of a fa- 
 mily* flood up, and anfwered in the name of the reft, 
 that they were not only very thankful to the Brethren 
 that they came unto them, dwelt among them, and told 
 them fuch good words, hut he added, "we will give our 
 hearts to the Saviour," whom they call Anaurfirfok§, 
 *' we will believe in, and love him," 
 
 Theyalfo declared the fame, fomedays after, in the 
 prefcnce of Lieutenant Curtis, who had been fent by 
 the Governor in a king's fchooner, to fee how the 
 Brethren went on, and at the fame time to furvey the 
 coaft. 
 
 Upon this occafion, about thirty of the heads of 
 families were affembled. Mr. Curtis defired Brother 
 Drachart to inform them, that his Excellency the 
 Governor had given orders to acquaint them, that 
 they muft leave ofF ftealing and murdering ; for who- 
 
 * There are no national chiefs or heads either among the Greenlanders 
 ei- Efquimaux. They all are equals, though fome Angekok?, who are cun. 
 ning, and have bodily ftrength, hate fome influence upo.i their countrymen, 
 tut not as chief or head. The head of a family has naturally an authority 
 over his fam ly. 
 
 § This word fignlfies, He that faves or deliver? from dreadful mif- 
 foitunest 
 
 foever 
 

 [ 12 j 
 
 focver (hould be found guilty of thefe crimes, for the 
 future, muft be puniftied with death. Further, they 
 fliould go no more to the South under pretence of get- 
 ting wood for their bows and arrows ; but if they 
 were under a neceffity to go thither, they fliould not do 
 it without taking with them a certificate from the Bre- 
 thren. Hereupon they replied. It is right that a thief and 
 murderer be puniftied with death, for he deferves it ; 
 but fince they had heard the gofpel of Jefus, they had 
 no more ftolen or murdered, and they would, for the 
 future, do fo no more. They had not been at the 
 South thefe three years, fince they (the Nunenguaks) 
 had heard the Governor's proclamation ; and if any 
 of them ftiould be obliged to go to the South, they 
 would bring a letter from their Brethren, f Mr. Curtis 
 aflured them of the love of the King and of the Go- 
 vernor, and they exprefled their thankfulnefs in a very 
 hearty and friendly manner. 
 
 This teftimony muft, agreeable to the truth, be 
 given to them, that they become from time to time 
 more attached to, and more confident towards the 
 Brethren. When they go from Nain to the illands or 
 the fea, they commit the goods they moft value to the 
 Brethren to keep for them ; yea, they often leave their 
 wives and children under the infpedion and care of 
 the Brethren until they return. On this account 
 the Brethren refolved to build a ftore houfe for them, 
 in which they can lay up fuch provifions as they 
 can procure and fpare in fummer, that fo they may be 
 able to dwell with the Miffionaries in winter, and to 
 hear the word of God daily and richly. 
 
 + By " their Brethren," they meant the miffionaries. 
 
 It 
 
 
for the 
 er, they 
 e of get- 
 
 if they 
 d not do 
 the Bre- 
 thief and 
 ierves it ; 
 they had 
 
 for the 
 n at the 
 ;nguaks) 
 d if any 
 th, they 
 r. Curtis 
 
 the Go- 
 in a very 
 
 ruth, be 
 J to time 
 rards the 
 iilands or 
 lue to the 
 :ave their 
 1 care of 
 I account 
 for them, 
 s as they 
 :y may be 
 r, and to 
 
 les. 
 
 It 
 
 ' It cannot be faid as yet with certainty that they are 
 converted, and therefore the Miffionaries will not bap- 
 tize any, till they find fouls who are truly awakened 
 by the Holy Ghoft, and are indeed earneft^y concerned 
 and defirous to obtain grace through the redemption by 
 the blood of Chrift. It muft however be owned, that 
 the preaching of the gofpel unto them has not been in 
 vain. The greateft part of thofe who dwell around the 
 Miffionaries, are often much afFeded at what they hear 
 of the Saviour of finners, and have a refpeft dnd awe 
 for the name of Jefus, But it is very hard to convince 
 them of their fmfulnefs and corruption j for altho' they 
 were formerly the moft abje6t flaves of their brutal paf- 
 fions, and committed all manner of flefhly fms, theft 
 and murder, yet they knov^ how to excufe themfelVes 
 with all kind of fubterfuges as well as the Europeails ; 
 The liars comfort themfelves and make ufe of the 
 plea, that they are no thieves ; the thieves that they 
 are no murderers ; and the murderers that they aie 
 hot as bad as the Kablun^t. And although they have 
 fome notion that there is a great Lord, who created 
 heaven and earth, yet they have iio kind of divine wor- 
 £hip among them, or any way of paying devotion to 
 this Creator. They feem* to be alfo without any fcnfe 
 of condemnation, and are always very expert ait ftifling 
 remorfe of confcience. But fmce they have heard the 
 gofpel, they begin to fee arid ackriovsrledge the heinoui- 
 nefs of fm, alfo to confefs that they are fmners, and 
 many feel the necelTity of having a Saviour. The di- 
 vine efficacy of the gofpel has approved itfelf unto 
 them. The example of the Miffionaries and their af- 
 fiftants, and their walk conformable to the gofpel, is 
 
 a con- 
 
 
ro'."*V-. 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 VT 
 
 [14 I 
 
 a confirmation of what is preached unto them, and 
 attended with the plcafing cffca, that the Efqu.maux 
 inftead of being, as formerly, liice a herd of wild boars 
 of the forcft, appear now, as Brother Drachart ex- 
 preffes it, " like a flock of fhecp round about the 
 Brethren." 
 
 Formerly, no European would have ventured hinrfelf 
 alone with the Efquimaux, or to have fpcnt a night 
 with them, on any confideration : but now the Mif- 
 fionaries vifit them in their winter habitations at a 
 confidcrable diftance from Nain, fleep among them 
 many nights fucceffively, preach there the gofpel to 
 them, reprove them on account of their heathenifli 
 ciiftoms,- and even ftop the mouths of their Jnge^ 
 k9ks or pretended conjurers, ordering them to be 
 filcnt in the midft of their incantations. Nothmg 
 can be faid to all this, but. This is the Lord's dotng ! 
 For the poor Efquimaux are fo bewitched with the fa- 
 ble of Torngarfuk, the evil fpirit, and their Torngaks, 
 or familiar fpirits, that they undertake nothing w.diout 
 confulting them, and are terribly afraid of them. They 
 have among them even women, called lllifeitfoks. who 
 pretend to have fuch a fpirit that make a kind of rumb- 
 line noife in their bodies, which noife thefe women af- 
 ter^^rds explain, and that is looked uponas a predu:- 
 tion They arc fo attached to thefe old fables and de- 
 ceits, that it is very difficult to turn them from them, 
 theV would gladly keep their rorngaks, and at the 
 feme time believe in our Saviour. The ^«^.^.^. ob- 
 ferve,that, by the preaching of the gofpel, their craft 
 A, in danger of being entirely ruined, and therefore ufe 
 
sm, and 
 {uimaux 
 ild boars 
 iiart cx- 
 )out the 
 
 i himfeli' 
 t a night 
 the Mif- 
 ons at a 
 ng them 
 gofpel to 
 eathenilh 
 sir Jnge- 
 m to be 
 Nothing 
 Vs doing! 
 th the fa- 
 Torngaks, 
 2 without 
 ;m. They 
 foks, who 
 1 of rumb- 
 yomen af- 
 I a predic- 
 ies and de- 
 rom them, 
 nd at the 
 nzekoks ob- 
 their craft 
 crefore ufe 
 all 
 
 I 
 
 all their cunning and influence that the poor Plfcjui- 
 maux may not become believers. 
 
 All this makes the following example, which occur- 
 red in the foregoing year, the more remarkable : 
 
 A man, whofc name was Annanke^ departed this 
 life, calling upon the name of the Lord Jefus. The 
 Brethren faw him thefirft time, four years ago, at Cha- 
 teau-Bay, when the peace was made by governor Pal- 
 lifer with the Efquimaux. He then had all the appear- 
 ance of a thief and murderer j but in the following years, 
 heard the gofpel frequently, and experienced the i.owcr 
 thereof in a remarkable manner, fo that his ftuturcR 
 were foftened, and from a bear he became a lamb. He 
 pitched his tent in Nain, flayed there, in the year 
 1772, till autumn, and in November removed to his 
 winter-houfe, which was at a confuleiab!' ^iftancc 
 from the Brethren. He came fometime after from 
 thence, and that on foot*, to Nain, merely to hear 
 the gofpel. Towards the ti\^ of the year and the 
 beginning of January it is not pollible, either for 
 the Europeans or Efquimaux, xo pafs or rep^^fs, a-i 
 there are then commonly the greateft falls of fnow, 
 the ice firft fets in, but is not pafTahle on the fea. 
 Therefore the Brethren heard noihing more of An- 
 nauke till Brother John Schneider vil'ited the Efqui- 
 maux in their winter-houfes, and Annaiih''<3. wife 
 came herlelf in February to the Brethren in Nain. 
 
 * This is a Urong evidence of hi;-, cagcrnefr to hrar the gofp-il, as tho 
 Efquimaux are n)t accuflomed to travel ou foot; in fummcr they g. 
 from illanJ to iiland 'v.\ their kajaks ox bots,. and in winter on thcii 
 r..-;dges. 
 
 D 
 
 TI.*M. 
 
 I 
 
i 
 
 r 26] 
 
 Then the Brethren heard that Annauke fell Tick in 
 December; and it was foon evident that his end ap- 
 proached. The Efquimaux are fo extremely afraid 
 of death, that they are (hocked and terrified to hear 
 even the name ot a dead perfon mentioned. But An- 
 nanke turned to our Saviour, and declared that he 
 did not chufe to flay any longer in the world, but would 
 go unto Him. His wife, Niviarfwa^ when fhe ob-» 
 ferved that his end approached, began, according to the 
 cuflom of the Efquimaux, to howl and cry, and aflicd 
 him, " O, my dear hufband, wilt thou leave me and 
 " thy tv/o children ?" I'hc dying Annauke anfwered, 
 *' Weep not, I go to the Saviour, who loves mankind 
 ** fo much." This was the more ftriking, as he had 
 no chriftian at hand to inftru6l him, nor none near him 
 whom he might be defirous to plcafe, by fpcaking of 
 Jefus, and exprcfling his reliance upon and love to him. 
 And what was ftill a more clear proof that this was 
 the efFed of a real work of the Holy Ghoft in his 
 heart, was, that he (as the Angekck, who lived in the 
 fame place, related to Brother Drachart with difplea- 
 fure) would not have an Angekok to come to him in 
 his ficknefs, although the Efquimaux, as foon as they fall 
 fick, fend directly for the Angekok, who a<5ls the Phy- 
 fician, making ufe of certain fpclls over the fick for their 
 recovery. Yea, Annauke^ fince his death, is commonly 
 defcribed by the Efquimaux themfclvcs, as the man 
 whom the Saviour took to himfelf. The Miffionaries, 
 therefore, by all what they before had fcen and heard 
 of this man, and by the manner of his departure out of 
 
 this 
 
 (( 
 
 J' 
 
 H 
 
I Tick in 
 end ap- 
 ly afraid 
 d to hear 
 But An- 
 th:it he 
 )ut vould 
 {he ob-' 
 ing to the 
 md afl-Lcd 
 e me and 
 anfwered, 
 mankind 
 as he had 
 I near him 
 peaking of 
 ve to him. 
 t this was 
 oft in his 
 ved in tlie 
 th difplea- 
 to him in 
 as they fall 
 s the Phy- 
 :k for their 
 commonly 
 I the man 
 jffionariesj 
 and heard 
 turc out of 
 this 
 
 [^7 1 
 this life, can juftly look upon him as the firftling* in 
 that country, upon whom our Saviour certainly ful- 
 filled his word, " Him that cometh to me, I will in 
 *• no wife caft out." 
 
 The above inftancc gave the Brethren more coi<rage 
 to form a clafs of Catechumens of fome in whofe 
 hearts there appeared evident traces of the work of the 
 Holy Ghoft. In this clafs they will be more par- 
 ticularly inftruded in the ways of God. 
 
 The Brethren have alfo rcfolved to ereft a proper 
 church for the Efquimaux in which the gofpel may 
 be preached to lomc hundreds at once, as the room 
 in which they have preached in their hcufe is much 
 too fmall. 
 
 Certain it is that the Miffionaries and their Aflift- 
 ants lead a moft difficult, inconvenient, and, to flefti 
 and blood, uncomfortable life in this rough and inhof- 
 pitable climate. The cold is, as has been already men- 
 tioned, and as the thermometer proves, much more in- 
 tenfe than in Greenland. And although they burn in 
 their large ftoves of caft iron great quantities of wood, 
 by day and night ; yet the windows and walls are all 
 
 * The boy Karpik, of whom mention is made. In the SucdnEl Vieiv of 
 the nfijlions ephlljhed among the Ilfathcn by the Church of the Brethren, page 
 25 and 26, was certainly the firftling of this nation. Annauke is here 
 mentioned as thefirfthng, being the firft Efquimaux who departed happilv.. 
 cilHng upon the name of the Lord Jefus in Labridow 
 
 D 2 ti'e 
 
- *L 
 
 
 f 28] 
 
 the winter covered with ice, and the bed cloaths freeze 
 to the wall. Rum freezes in the air like water, and 
 redificd fpirits, in the coldcft weather, foon become 
 thick like oil. The thermometer is commonly from 
 December to April feventy degrees below the freezing, 
 point. The Tea tre*.zes fo far out, between the iflands, 
 that they c.nnoc get a fight of open water fromDecember 
 tojune. Some of the Brethren ventured togoin February 
 to the Eiquimaux about forty miles diftant from Nain, 
 but they endured the moft extreme hardfhips from the 
 cold. Though wrapped up in furs, yet their eye lids 
 froze in fuch a manner together, that they were obliged 
 contin "ally to pull away the ice from them, and to 
 keen thv'ir eyes open with their fingers. One of them 
 returned with a pain in his fide ; another with his hand 
 frozen and fwelled like a bladder ; and it was a mercy 
 of the Lord, whom they ferve, that they were cured- 
 The Efquimaux, who live chiefly upon blubber, and 
 who have probably fa^'-er and more oily blood, can 
 certainly endure the coid better than the Europeans ; 
 but there are however inftances that the Efquimaux 
 themfe'ves are frozen to death in winter. The few 
 fummct months are, on the other hand, fo much the 
 hotter, the thermometer rifing to the eighty-fixth 
 det^ree : but then they are plagued with an amazing 
 fwarm of malignant mufketoes, which fting fo 
 violently, that they often return home with fwdled 
 faces. 
 
 There can be no expedlations of any thing like 
 agriculture, fo as to produce grain ; this is evident 
 
 from 
 
ths freeze 
 ater, and 
 1 become 
 Dnly from 
 : freezing, 
 le iflands, 
 December 
 February 
 )m Nain, 
 from the 
 r eye lids 
 ■e obliged 
 I, and to 
 ; of them 
 his hand 
 a mercy 
 re cured- 
 )ber, and 
 ood, can 
 ropeans ; 
 quimaux 
 rhe few 
 nuch the 
 lity-fixth 
 amazing 
 Ring i'o 
 1 fwclled 
 
 ing like 
 
 evident 
 
 from 
 
 [29] 
 
 from the trials already made. Some fmall gardens 
 which the Brethten have laid out and cultivated, pro- 
 duce feme fallad, turnips, hardy cabbages and radiflies, 
 but potatoes freeze when they have fhot up no higher 
 than about half a foot. 
 
 By hunting and filhlng they have hitl !-to been able 
 to procure but very little provifion, becaufe their fitu- 
 ation upon th- continent is not at all favourable thereto. 
 Befides, the great number of Efquimaux dogs, that 
 muft feek their own maintenance, prevent the fuccefs 
 they might have in catching fifh, as thefe half-ftarvcd 
 dogs, at low water, run into the nets, tear out and 
 devour the filh, and morever tear the nets to pieces. 
 
 Thus the Brethren muil be fupported chiefly by the 
 provifion fent to them annually from Europe, fuch as 
 flour, fait meat, rice, peas and barley, and are heartilv 
 thankful, partly, that friends are always found who 
 contribute thereunto, and partly that they can earn 
 fomething by the work of their hands to lighten in 
 feme meafure the expence of fupporting theni. They 
 begun laft year to build boats for the Efquimaux, 
 and to make fundry implements for their work, and 
 utenfils for their houfes, and receive in payment whale- 
 bone and blubber, which they fend hith"^er towards their 
 expences. 
 
 By the building boats we have reafon to hope that 
 one great advantage will be obtained, namely, that 
 the Efquimaux will be delivered from the temptation 
 
 of 
 
f 30l 
 
 of '^oiiK^ to the South to flea! boats. And by the im- 
 plements and utenfils made for them by the Brethren, 
 they will be from time to time more enabled to get and 
 increafe what is nccefTary for their own fupport. 
 
 Though, by thcfe means, the outward fituation of 
 thefe poor favages may be greatly improved and ren- 
 dered more human, yet it is certainly of incomparably 
 greater importance, that they be brought to Jefus 
 Chrift by the preaching of the gofpel j that they be 
 fan<aified by the true faith i.i Him ; and thereby, with 
 greater certainty, be civilized and made moral human 
 creatures. 
 
 It Is this confideration that enables the MIflionaries 
 and their affiftants, notwithftandlng tjeir moft difficult 
 fituation outwardly, to hold out with chearfulnefs and 
 full of faith. In that call which the L'>rd has given 
 them, until the Efqulmaux, in this remote part of the 
 earth, (hall fee the falvation of God. Brother Lay- 
 ritz, on his fafe arrival here with his wife on the 28th 
 of Oaober, affured us, as an eye witnefs, that this 
 was the difpofition of thofe Brethren and Sifters *. 
 
 They had this laft year, by means of the floop, an 
 opportunity of vifiting fix habitations of the Efqui- 
 mauxwhich lie farther North j they were received -.very 
 where in a friendly and confident manner, and moft 
 prefTingly entreated by the poor favages (many of whom 
 had never fc-n an European before) to come and 
 
 * We will juft m tion that another child had been born in this year, 
 and depat.d this life during Brother Layritz's vifit, and was the fivft 
 corpfe laid in the burying ground there. . 
 
the im- 
 ethren, 
 get and 
 
 tion of 
 lid ren- 
 parably 
 o Jefus 
 they be 
 ly, with 
 human 
 
 Honaries 
 difficult 
 nefs aiid 
 as given 
 rt of the 
 ler Lay- 
 the 28th 
 that this 
 
 rs 
 
 * 
 
 loop, an 
 le Efqui- 
 ved ''-very 
 and moft 
 of whom 
 ome and 
 
 in this year, 
 was the fivft 
 
 [31] 
 
 <Jwell among them, and to bring them the good v/ord« 
 of their Creator and Saviour. 
 
 Is the acquiring wealth and fortunes, which lafl 
 not for ever, but pafs away, allowed, every v/hcre, 
 to be a fufficient motive for long voyao-cs and 
 the enduring great hardlUps ? fure^y it is a more 
 noble motive, yea, it is of infinitely greater ufe, 
 if confidered merely in a rational point of view, 
 to endure hardfliips, even the greateft, if fouls, 
 who are however our fellow creatures, are there- 
 by faved from death, brought into a ft;ite of peace 
 and happinefs, and obtain a well-grcundcd hope 
 of a blcfied immortality. The love of Chrift, 
 who, though he thought it no robbery to be equal 
 with God, made himfelf of no reputation, took 
 upon him the form of a fervant, fubmitted to be 
 defpifed and rejeded, and became obedient unto deatli, 
 yea, to the death of the fliameful crofs, to redeem us^ 
 muft certainly impel the hearts of the Mlirionaries, 
 ftimulate their zeal, and make them willing to per- 
 fevere with patience in the midft of all, even the 
 greateft hardfhips. 
 
 Bleflcd be the name of the Lord, who has not 
 permitted the labour and trouble of our Brethren 
 among the heathen to be in vain. We have now had 
 many years experience, that our gracious Lord has 
 crowned the fimple preaching of the gofpel of his 
 Incarnation, fufFerings and death, with blefiing, has 
 owned it in grace, that thereby the eyes of the 
 
 licathcn 
 
fev-;;*' 
 
 r 32 ] 
 
 heathen have been opened, and they have been turned 
 from darknefs to light, and from the power of fatan 
 to the living God. What the moftjuft and excellent 
 moral precepts cannot efFedl, what all the power of 
 philofphy cannot produce, what all the eloquence and 
 arguments of man cannot accomplifli, that is done by 
 the word of reconciliation through the blood of Chrift. 
 Of this the heathen, who have received the faith, 
 arc a living and inconteflable proof. 
 
 To profclyte men from one fuperflition to another, 
 from one fpeculative fyftcm to another, or from one 
 fe<Sl or outward form of worfhip to another, whether 
 by arguments, or outward pomp, or by any other 
 methods, is indeed no bufinefs, for the fake of which 
 our MiiTionaries would give thcmfclvcs fo much trou- 
 ble and underi?o fuch difficulties. But to be inftru- 
 ments to diredl and bring fouls to Him, in v/hom the 
 Gentiles Ihall truft, and to whom every knee Ihall 
 bow, of things in heaven and things on earth, and 
 things under the earth, it is well worth while to ven- 
 ture life and limb to cffe£l this. For it is indubitable, 
 that when men, though ever fo wild and favage by 
 nature, are brought to the knowledge of falvation in 
 Chrift Jefus, by the Holy Ghoft, they will of courfc 
 become good and ufeful fubjedls, and benevolent fel- 
 low citizens of the world. 
 
 We, therefore, recommend this miffion among the 
 Efquimaux to the prayers and interccffion of all thofc 
 who feel dhc petition in the Lord's prayer, " Thy 
 
 kingdom 
 
I 23 1 
 
 kingdom come ; thy will be dona on earth as it is 
 *' in heaven." 
 
 Our prayer unto the Lord is, that there may never 
 
 be wanting willing and faithful labourers among us, 
 
 who enjoying, in their own hearts, the redemption 
 
 through the blood of Jefus Chrift, having their feet 
 
 fhod, are ready to go forth, and to bear the gofpel 
 
 unto the ends of the earth ; and that all thofe who 
 
 bear the name of Chrift, and acknowledge that he 
 
 alone is their falvation, may depart from all iniquity, 
 
 and with contrite but gladdened hearts, bow their knees 
 
 and confefs that Jefus is the Lord to the glory of 
 
 God the Father. Amen ! 
 
 F I N I S,