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THE
NEW BRUNSWICK
MUSEUM
^
mim
■Mi
EXTRACT FROM MINUTES
OF TUK
Cleneral Monthly Wectlag of (he Conocil of the Chamber
of Commerce, St. John, N. B«
DATED Gth JULY, 1858.
Mr, John Boyd, at tho request of the Board, road a paper in relation to
tho preaont Railways in this Province, moro especially in connection with
Railway oxtonuions affe.:U>i<]; tho trade of St, John,
Resolved unanimously— T\v\t tho thanks of this Board are duo and aro
now tendered to Mr. Boyd for the very abla document just read.
Resolved— That a Committee be appointed to procure as many copies of
tho above documont us they may doom necessary for distril>ution throughout
ithia Province, as well as in other places, under tho direction of this Board,
and that the Committee bo authorised to append to the document such
statiatical information as they may deem useful, and that tho Committee
bo composed of the following gentlemen, J, Boyd, J, G. G, Lay ton, Robert
Jardino, F. Ferguson, and S. D. Berton, Esquires, for tho above purpose.
Resolved— That in tho opinion of thid Board no timo should be lost in
'defiaing means, through tho Government or otherwise, for tho extension of
Railroadfl so as to connect with those of the United States and Canada.
CHARLES V. FORSTER, Secretary Chamber of Commerce.
A 2
Au,
jWkeaii
hdht «
idertakei
I Am 009
|ir»«ld b<
•ndf in I
«ini Prr
!«lio«ldl>
ju^pi towi
l^uaMioa
|«iideii?o«
lAiilrewa
[wirakii
ftdOng
|«iid|broi
llhaftklui
_]bQaliB«al
REPORT.
>" •.
.1
tH Iha ooMtnioUoa of gw»t PubUo Works in m thinly populated »
ftlljr M N«w Bnuuwiok, the rtrious channels in which Trade is
If .to nUj the benefits to be conferred upon the entire population,
Ihft best disposition of our means, should be carefully considered,
I a www to the attainment of the greatest possible benefit, for the
jlMgest peiiibla portion of our whole eountry.
In oonsidering the location of Railroads, we should especially bear in
|<aind, thai they are highways which coefc mnch, and are not to be
|moT«dwith every passing change of time or circumstance; thoy oon-
Itrol mueh, while they admit of little control ftom other sources; and,
[in deciding their location, local jealousies ought to be buried, and the
fvariotts oiroomstanoes of our Provincial standing viewed as a whole-
When in New Brunswiok, we are o/it, and if one member suflfer, all
JifUfer with it; if om prosper, all partake of the prosperity. To un-
I dectake a line of Railway with no higher motive than to cut oflf trada
Jftm one portion of onr Province in order to enrich another portion,
«»«ldb9 ongenerons and impolitic; but to enlarge our own trade,
and, in ^ spirit of honourable eompetlon, to endeavour to retain in our
9wn Piwinee, that which onx neighbours have cast their eyes on,
ahonld be our chief object.
We oomo to the consideration of this matter with the kindest feel-
iags toward every portion of our Province, we regard it as the great
quMUoa whioh directly affects all; and bearing this in mind, we will
«ade»voiir to treat it in such a way as will tend to the prosperity of
•U. Wohavo especially no hostih) feeling towards the people of St
Andrews: just the opponte; for if no higher consideration influenced
m mt know that if upon the Province there is to be laid any burden
|«ftt«aaon, each part must bear its share, and the assistance whioh
;«*h«r plaoes rend^ makes the burden upon va by so much the less,
Ha» not the immense emigration f5rom Charlotte County to Minnesota
*l»d Oregon affisoted St. John in a degree second only to Charlotte,
i Md through theao the entire Province ? We know by the truest tests
jlhit It has ; and if, by these great Public Works, we can prevent thi»
osaliaual drain Westward of our best settlers, (for it is generally tho
"Mil Mterpiaiiig and eoeiigetic who emigrate)^ suwly the whole' Pro-
/ •
1/ ^^<:^^:'rt!::::z:'" "^ - ' - ^^^ «
<■": t..o, .,„k ,,„, „,.:;„ ;':,:;::,;;;7;:'' .-.""i- « , .,„,, m,
""ft u, .,„l L.,™^„ .h V it T^, nd ":;"" ™"''"' '" "*-" ' ''■'■«>
f"r W..,t, ,. boor CO, ,i ,,:"'■ "'","'"' "' ""«' Pl"-" "fll.
of 'Uo pro,... ;„ t,,„»;ii i ^;:x "« ; I'ut .,., ,.„^
-a«,„ f,.nerdoveiop,„„„ Jn^:^;! L:"'?':''' "'■'L"'™-^.
•UoL M wo iiocU to ow,,, u„ .l,w n '^ """' *" """• '"*i« •« not
luiiwa,, a„ : aoi t; :^'r„ :r ° "'*■"'"''" "•"">•
«l>i«y jreura a,,,,, ,„a KoW ho ™1 . "" °°°'°"'" '"'"''""^ ""<•
f.w o.„t„ri„., tinee „ ^tZ:';,,t:j'Z iT "'" 1'""' *
eoantrios aimed at-^aWivard, nL . "' '"'''" Kon>pem
WW ha, no. pri,i,„^,.,,.„ Jhl* "r.'ifZ;T'"T'^
Tie »«otrytb.tLiv„ '"!.', T*^ ™'°™ "»"•"'
P«'»t, bo utterly ,„eta, „he„ takc^ f^m that^b t" "°°'^'''' " *"
ite interior, and thcnoo baok'tol ti "°'/"'"' "' «'"» '-"o
ttodos of tlloUKht and wnnl.^- .1 ' *^''™°t!« OOBllnodilKB,
"ay be presented Z^lZZiri^ ""' ™"'*""^' »"^ ?■«»» '^I
■ But while a country to,-iI.„ • ' > "«•"<!'!» "it Jm; :6»3,i«^,
-.be carried on in t^tk cTabo tri^"*'"'- "J' «"«<> P«««i^
oaong it, people The T„ ,K 'T'' " '^*"' *™'<"' »f '«!»"
Wiile the .nXcif^etfn r:/,'""* *"^"^ *" "'» "-"<*.
••M for him, the.nanrC';"oS;'''','""'"»'^^
<*«' negotiating his sales- hJ ^ "iMh for him, and them*
*. wsfinf th^e iiv sepl'totc , . " """^'^ »owf«,p«nU,
Tte old maxim, " J„t JaU Z. "* T '""™* '° »'"' '''*^*-*W
."Oh eases with fj^rfe it^l"' f^ '^ '«"»'" "M""-'
|(';^co si
Ilulturo i
unibcr t
iSricultu
;.-iiiibIin^
thrift an
|)roprIoto
{roduco (
oils, free
Were give
flic recci\
•11 was ti
lysteui en
|khe statisf
prosperit)!
the furme;
imd even
liho latter,
voured, ai
gone, his
»f the tru
his ruin,
^hat "the
I Experic
ind cheap
feverse wl
ind d^arni
^rially iac
ip; an a^i
•ofues anw
tioh. A f
jhifyj the f
In all' t\,ni
rank. Ue
t
[jiH'Uul, ull ruMlun<' to
It, (I
»:
f,' to one {Miiiit, n»f! (^oiiMMidoiicu 18, uiiivci sil {{mfji-
I oiigugod. ' **•* *^
Ono of th(5 (!liiot'rt>(jiiiromcnt;H (iCnnr (•oiiiihy U, men, wIkI, l'ii1ow[yI;
griculturo as thoir hoI
iMK'cupatMMi, pi-t'Hii- it h> iil( ((tlicrp -iiM'M who
11(1 that oar hkck-
>t of the cminiry,
Q<«P roads •react
iw will plaoo tlic
ittblo outlay.
• hin.hway» wwo
J«o did thiem ii
ovon Earo|)e«,
id woumtj who Nhuil
"Ii'iH whon they left
K"ld, uiid who can I'"" '""' '""'* '" »" •'"KUK*''!
<1 ill them ? They
t'ltwti pluci^H of the s .
'>; hut th.!y hoard t'" ""' ^" '"*^ "^''^ '^^^ tho cntitH'im'iits oC luiiihcr Hpofiili^i.mH from
iUMioation— .(,(• t}„. f'" «''>wer, but, in tho cud, nioro Hubrttantial nnvaids of the K.inn. .^'^'*
»«* growth of »ft^ . In Franco, during tho reign of tho flrnt NnjH.U-on, and iii a ibHstr
fio convinocdolbat r'^"'^" ^'"°^ tho army absorbod tho strong young men, h-avlng ngir!-
•ulturo in tho hands of women and defjv[)it old luon. , l^oro, tlio
lumber trade Iian brought iipon us a lik(* curMO, and it.s ofToct upoil^tliV
Igrieulturo of our country, hits hw.u almost identical. ITnltlt.s of
l^ambling and wtistefulnos.s have, in many instances, taken t^e pUfiO of
thrift and economy; and tho land, unciicd (or, liius bec(.me like jft'
proprietors, out at elbows, and out of pocket. Slen un^iMe by t1\^
|ro«Iuco of thoir farms to raise .sufficient suiiplies n»r lumberiug «ipew-
Ipons, frequently mortgaged these firms to proc^re• supplies; then©
now RailroiMfe- ^^^^ ^'!'^" '^^ ^^^^ P"*''*^^ ^'* ^"^^"' *^'« "sk ruji by thq BC^vrs, and i^!
^> into a oouitiy ^*^ receiver failed in his opi-nitions, us he too froqueiitly did, fanu ati^
oy change, t&«y l" "^^^ ^'^^^^ ^*''"" ^"'»- The habits als(». which this gambling creJl{)
better. lystem engender, na shewn iu the many (lijihotiourablo failures whi^'
n bunlcs. Thij P^ statistics of these places present, do not augur, well for our futu^;o
ociety has niMiy pO*'P<'"*y- 0° where we niiiy though our country, we shall find that
"•ioiis punjuW f^^ ftirmer who has attended to his business has become indepctndeiji^
lumberirig, of f^^ ^^^^ wealthy; but where one luis united farming with lumberinu*
norgiee to'one P^^ '^*^^' ^^^*^ Pharoah's lean cattle, has ate up the fat and well-fti?^
country which i^^^'^^'^j and thus having lost all, with energies wasted, ayd property"
its cities ipto ^^"®' ^^^ spirits have followed his property, and tho country, instead'
of the true cau3e,--his own inconstancy and folly— Is cUarg^-d with
his ruin. In all his subsequent cliangO)^ he finds, as he li»iind hero*
that " the rolling stone gathers no mess." " ', '^^^
I Experience proves that in those countries where Ibod is abundant
tnd cheap, there population by Emigratbu rapidly increases^ uiul Jfiji
leverse where food is scarce tuid dear. Wo find that fron.i the sotirqjjty
Ind d^arness of food, among othev cauBt»s, our popiUati9ri,^as notiyij.^
^rially iacreased during tho pjist few ye;uy. Now. wjiat we re^w;i^
k; ftn agricultural population. Kv^jj^ practical working foriuor wi^
«omes among ua is so much solid Aveidth in production, and coasitofrf
faoh. A food-producing counuuBity creates a. nmiJufactuvihg commiii
'pfyj the flour and the cloth mill soon rise up in thb^io locwlitios J an»-
— •:", YT^' •-^^'*''-= -.Tcaicu sacn a eoHiinniiitysoou' tlOeuples the fiftf
Jfank. Herein this Province, containing an area of 32^^b'squar?
enorji:
coun
its cities ipto
comnooditiei^
II possess i^.po.
my plans thJAt
these purei«itg
siou of Jaboar
liis bueineegy
ler is growiag
and themev*
>w freqotoil^
or bviagjBe.
«ndr^p.r ™„t., „r,f.b„„, ,„; „^d„j „^ ^^.^__^^ ,^^^^ „„^.,
' - • Northu
ihelten
ro iQduoe « Hupcrior elm otcmimnU to H«ttl« l,.,r« «, * •»»»*•'
«P iho county ., thcu. Natun,hrdo„ rctlJrl^T - '^'«>-»
•«• «iuiurpM«ed water communication- nnnr^ v ^'^WK "- *fc«"
i"d,.„dtbu« brin, t.geth«;r: hZ'z^ '^ ::oI''v7^^ i^--^
•onaumption, of import .nd export ^ ^"^"'''"i ''.'^? "
•W-; fcenee woTnd^ u:^*'*'^''^"''*'*" United StatWkt,oW
«u«;. TCd 1 2 '^"^ '"^ '^^^^ -•'^^ *»»^
tk»«.Kh our runlT "^ T' '" °" "" "I"""' Tut llal|^ad.
<*««, free from poUfcl „dZLT 1 1 ^ T"""* '""°' i <»>" <"
•Ot to contend, LyZnuZ^T"'^^' •»"""' "«<■•' «l>«vc |dl,l.ion,
-M«««on, which hXllvT '"^°'*"?''»'' »"<" for « »mafl,oin. ib^roon.
lST., ^^ "" «en<'""»'»l and minoml district. ^^
«. rf^^^' T ""'"'' ""' of "tfri'-Jtu™! produce and farm-labou,
^^t:z:s^::j^-:^ -f . ho county :t: f^^
fertile Und, which 1^ .longtirt^^' nL rlr-'^r-K*^' ""«'■'"
»l~««l~aghwhich/.„dNorth3rf^hL ° '•■"'.^-.''^ '"*"'• '
IUilw»T nin. ». .1.. ° •".*"'''"'''''''> our eiislng ino of ■«M«d«»
««i)«»tftiM, to the W,«r «dZ r^^ ^"^ ''^ toountains, the Rocky
*• «a«e of the mS„^""i?^^^^^^ States wtera tbo^, take
Wi*. until thej reach S^l!?.'!!'""? ^"^ ^d striking J^ow ^^
--^., ,..^.,., ^j^ ^,gg a p.^^ t|eBcei»t,aB(i faU into
I and sap]
I '• brown
J tendering
i borden e
thisreepc
^eattle; a
parched a
teoanoe.
and Gove
•latisticfl
Prod
W
Ba
Oa
Poi
e h«ru tt popuUUoA
««|Uttro inilp, whiJU
of flvo an<l nhnif
" of two thoMHand
ind Hovcnty to tho
»»5re, wo miu^t open
ir ui, by givip|yj Ui,
Jo luH part'ou ttio
of produc'tioVniiil
• ■'•I .•„!
ol our country can
nUod .^tat^H know
r away amlcl the
prairies* o^'^h'o'iar
cominurii'oatioq is
itugoH, w(j culpnbt
I., Put llailroadtf
I iho pale of civi-
urerH of HJuropi'
M coming horp,
»t which wo have
for li fltnalt ,oon-
>, bo " inonarolw
laid, ther^ have
ially where, they
let.
and farm-labour,
country whferc
nee, turn to ih^
l>n, and to those
'.'■4 ' 'i.
existing lii^e of
» to few.'ovon oi'
'-famed y&lUy^ of
rhr6*gh6ut this
»in8y the Rooky
£tMt/ tbfilattce
where they foke
ii|t and fall into
• Ik* 8*. lAwrmKM), teUnK up tliaJr ooufw o« Um other aid*.
MMbordor uponui. Th*/ do not. m in aU Uw Aiknite Sto** «IS^
I «i. run through the oountr; .nd fom m «4d ridfe. or back boot, nmtim
. iiio«p«bl« of cuItlv«tion. but iwMping round ua. they i«iid«r tho Ooualiai
ofUharloU^ Quoeoa. York. Otleton. VIotori.. lUaUgouoho. Olouoi^.
Northumberland, Kent, W,*tmorUnd, mad Kin'* ooo vmI and w«ll.
•helteivd valley, the original b«l of whieh hM not bee. dlatnrbed bv th«
vWent upheaving whioh made the., monntain rangea ; and throughoni
^ thoae tountiea. with aome few OMtpUona, the aoil ia what it hna b«w fbr
ithouaanda ofywrn, rloh and fertile b^nd any Northern State of the
lUnion, or the Siater Province ; whil<- it othn in health an advantaaa
iSTH i^**^ *•"' r"?!^ *'*• Miaaia^ppi-^ .4v«itage whleh w owTS
|the free bracing air which ever aweepa over oor benutUnl vnUevofNeir
. Brvnawiek. '
Thia fertiiity of aoil, however, doe. not apply to h»d near tha .an oo.nl.
i u^' r '■ ***' "^ ^ ^'''^ *~*^' ^'^•' -^ Maa.~5hoaetli. them k
lawlid rocky chain running round th. entire ooaM, extending Inwank on
M avwntg., thirty milea, where agrienltnre ia not M remunerativ. a. In tbo
interior But inaido of thia rooky bdt, which i. Uke a natural deAnce. wa
•ij rich in agrioulturaUnd minml wenhh, whieh, if properly worked.
irlU give remuneration to capital and labour, aeoond to no other porth» o^
« ooontry eaat of the Miaaiaaippl. porow «
OurProvinao baa aoaietime. been likened to SeoUand and tha Northeo
diviaion of Ireland, but the natural eapabiUtie. of neither of the.. wiU
bear compariHon with thoM of New Brnnewick ; thair auperiorlty ha. been
wrought by their people; their indomitable energy, dirMtad bv aetenM
«d flupported by capital, ha. turned the turf bog. of the one, and the
brown heath and the shaggy wood" ofth. other, into a frnitfiil wU,
i tt«dering them the cattle supplier, of the large ciUee, from their Northern
^ borders even down to the metropoU. of Britain. What i. our pouUon Ui
tUs respect? Wo have a Provhioe pmmliarly adapted to theiaWngof
loattle; aeagrazing country It 1. nnrarpa«ed; ourolimate hi just moblk
1«ough lor grass, turnip., carrot., bean., oat., and Uke crop. r«iuiied for
*«itUe; so true is this, that in July and August, while th.pLtnre.of
Onnadaand the New EngUnd State, which bonUr on the Athmtio.aro
JMohed and withered, oursangiMn and fertile, yiflding abundant m.-
tennnoe. Professor Johnston, la hk Report prepared for the I^giidatnro
•«d Oovernmont of New Brunswick, gives K)me interesting comparative
jilatisticflofour capabilities, making the
Production per aero of Upper Canada,
Wheat, . . 121 boA.
5*f^ey» . . .174
Ohio, NewBnuwwiok.
Oats,'
Rye, .
pdian Com,
Suckwheat,
Potatoes, .
8»J. . .
an
tt
«{
(I
«(
(I
154 bush.
24 •«
381 **
161 *<
214 **
ooi "
II
171 bnah.
2 "
28
v.
I'..'
':'■•■
to ■
*a1!?' « '"> I'll Weill,
Wh«af, .
Oat«,
%«. .
Wiirltwh.int,
Ir«liiinC?()rn,
IJ 4
i ia
1 1:2
? ifl
0.
u,
4,
•I,'
0.
•14.
1 11 0,
1 r. loi,
2 14 44,
X'rt !.'{ 0.
ft 1.1
a
4 7
A .^
H 10
11) II
74.
<i,
0,
0.
4,
0.
gmttl, i„™«,u '""'""^ "' """" "' '■•"'' '•"•"•"y ...wilt U.
rui«ea in V\re„t.aorIu,ul. where tltrfr K '^ ."^ "*"'"""« ^^''''**.
grow. During the H,.m'r J '"'^ ^''^^^ would „ot
ho could raiHo any c^tily ^ "■"'" ''^ '^''"^' ""'^ ^^'^^' "-» ^^ '-»^our,
bia::^::z::i^^;;^:: "^if ?• 'r''"; ^""^^ ^ -^^ «»-'-- -, both
i« a runner wf.;^:^ Le Cn' '! ^^"^" ^'"'*"" '^^ ^^'^-*' *'««^
a long timo that VVh-ut would n. "'^ '^'^"^ho an opinion provaited for
waa tested hy ^rZv.^l C^^^^^^ *'-' however,
their ilr«t o^cuorhncrt ?^^^ ' ' ^^ ^'"''"'•'' ^'^- «^^*" '^" r"«ult of
thirty.ov.nr;a TjlV bu;h,^:':f '"^'^^^^'' ^^«^ ^"--l -a gather^;
per hush.,, anctthiH Z^^l^^^^^^^ -*3^-«- -<^ -'«1^ H--
W.U. properly attended ^. oTqwIT^T '"?"?""' "''"" '''' ^^P
firm of Mc.H«^.BobcrtRankin & Co ^.t; ^''""''^^''^^^''^^ ^^^-^ of the
his own oxDerie»,o and^I^" * ^.'- ^^^^'^ "V"'^^'^^ similar result from
iuit (
>ttr til
Mrful
Hi«> rut
runii|i
Wo I
l^»l". V
WUU
tlltifttji:
pvofy 01
Ph« fm
ri itt'tiit
» rcn.l.i
1 a pr
AnuroH
■riio octi
iivo (loti
A«) vory
» In thp
fcttvti farii
ibr whici
^lUH for (
lioritM, tl
tot thu qt
♦nco, hav(
iprhich wo
|TncIo Sai
ywirH a^o
trough t tl
•untry
:2,ooo.
lUed in u
••ro in nofl
lOadH with
■lerH do wii
Last Sun
lOio by riot
flOtlo, fron
diBlerB are
Jbrchasers
tfttion from
vo diatanc<
lilling from
ii ioast, £
I
11
mil Contlnoiit, a^
r"iN[)activ«) m.irkrttt,
fe txpimv ill tfid lb!-
WW Rn I tin wick,
xn I.J «».
r. 1-1
a
4 7
A ^
H 10
U) li
74.
«,
n.
0,
tlio %Aw prioo W9
•"•r ndil, ufmHim}
It will bo bortM)
Oliii), iiro foimdrvj
ta OaU iiMro, atMl
<'tmiifry ini;<|it bo
^▼o wo not udvaa-
'«-k,lJuttor,C;lion«B,
uil tliiM our own
folia supplitw u«
^ttttcM witli Klour
I'loolyiitidiiijjo*
don, ut our vory
Htiiiidinii; VVho*t,
'^lioiit vvoultl nyt
UN lio Imd rauud
> muu to luliuur,
iiiNliiiio ur« both
"i" Wheat, thery
ior Wheat, ttoj
'lout oiilturo ia
►■'•'ii uiiicli more
>» j)ro vailed for
tluN, howov«r,
ncoti MToro iao«t
to tho r«*iult of
and gathered
und a-Jialf llw.
wlion fche crop
™, Ksq., of tho
ir roHiiltH from
PttI StHJiety of
P"" I •■i.«ini«.. ,«,.! iiu,.i, „.„. ,....,, .,." ' , ■, ',/^"' """ '■"•»-
■r .llXv '." ; '"" "^ "•" '"'"'''•'■'' '""l"'l" "f <lru« S«J
.u. ^::^i:iz:::::;~'"zi!' i,""';i'.^ h
liftrlfN M.,.f 1^ !• . . "'"""» *-»•»''. iinJ Hi) well OHtiih M lod urn Ita
i«arH a«o, thoro wan no nal "/. •"'"''"'T^' *''^'>"o''' whiol.. t^,r^-
l-ught'thom hcrerir;tr\.n ;"T p'"'"'^''" '^ ^'"^" ''^■
4unfrv nP ♦!, * ; '^ "^ ^^'^ Province, tho cxponflo to thW
PfM f Vh "^^■'"" """■''"" "'"' ''-"'•'"' that S-ttl" .t wL
■PFH uo With the jsimo ground to work upon ?
litior. from hu nkcom ,.../p.r° .' "■ "''"'"""y "f tran^»-
«n, fro™ ,rjr:;:cLT;!:'r.tr„.''h!!!! -"■' '-^^^^^^^^
• io«i, ilSOO, he did not obtain "/m""-' ''■'''"•■'°' ''™°"' '"'"'' •«"
It
To shew that thoe« great Public >V'ork>* ca»w« population to flow into «
owintry, wo havo bolbre ub Canada and tho United States as noted oxasnplM
tMr Canals and Railwayn did moro than aught olso to draw public atton-
faon thitherward, ana tiio vaHt oxpondituro has boon amply ropaid in moo
wd productionH: tho opening of thi< Erie Canal in tho State of Now York
ftvo a start to that State, which wiw folt at once, e?on to the extromo
«Mt«rn States. Twenty years ago Canada oxpoudod four millions in cut-
ting Caualfl tlirough he.- country— that country through which runs the
tnagnifi.ent St. Lawrence. Hor people mvid they were ruined— they cried
out against the policy which would entail such a burden upon them ; th»
mtiBh Covernm<mt hoard their cry, and in pity guaranteed the debt', and
Wfcat was the result? Those Canals that wore to causo ruin, made their
country. Wheat worth only Is. Gd. in tho backwoods, was selling at 5»
OB tho 3ea-board, the cost of transportiition making the dilTorence in price
whkOh was thus lost to tho farmer, who, when Canals enabled him to pUoe'
it in the maricet, obtained 48. Gd., tho l<.ssonod cost of transportation being
to hw benefit. And yet some of these farmers wore loudest at first in
condemnation of those Caunls, like their brethren in England, who, with
dogB and guns, hunted Goorgo Stephenson and his men off their land, when
he attempted to make surveys for a work which was to raiso their country,
and especially themselves, to the iiigkost point of prosperity.
Wherever we find Railways poprtrating, there we find population in-
creafling onormoujly over those places wliere they are not. Has our popu-
lation increased during the ptxst few years outside of our City? has not our
country population rather decreased ? How different in the United States.
Take the City of Chicago for instance , five years ago there were only forty
miles of Railway connected with it ; thoro are now in various directions
2800 miles of Railway ; and in these five years there have been 60,000 souls
added to its population— these being fed and supported, and a noble City
bnilt by tho emigrants who have gone into tho surrounding country.
And that this rapid Increase is not confined to one City, the foUowns
4tatement shews : —
Buffalo,
Cleveland,
Sandusky,
Toledo, .
Detroit,
Chicago, .
Milwaukee,
1840.
18,280
6,670
1,434
1,222
9,400
4,170
1,710
1850.
42,200
17,735
6,008
1,819
21,890
20,000
21,400
1855.
75,000
55,000
10,000
15,000
40,000
80,000
40,000
This advance in the population of these Cities can be traced up to one
••urce, and the Cities show the progress of the c.<untry around : they are
<io use a commercial metaphor) like the Index to our Ledgers, pointing
oot where the solid figux-ss of tho account may be found.
We see the State of Illinois, which five years ago had a population of
three-fourths of a million with ninety-five miles of Railway, it has now a
|»puiation of nearly two millions, and a connection with 2400 milec of
ilkilway,
Mwadva
l^itain
ifying tc
fin boec
ihd tho
liaaopeii
Occupied
■arcely i
m chang
Anded U
louse, J
IPi ftnd i
|l covered
j| writer
€ng artic
After not
ties whici
*• additioi
*• manure
•• of live
•• tho coni
^cultivdt
*« for the
" the last
** the Cha
*• dinner,
*• ceding i
*' long, ht
" 700,000
^' sheep, 1
V Who ca
** feed in*;,
m i'aigl
changiis
put upo
Of the i
writes :— '
" a small
** thirty y
" hour, w
** menced
" tested it
" five tons
♦♦that Ra
** longer c
" Croydou
*« of the lo
" but all I
•* horses, r
♦* now-a-di
f* one hun(
'place."
I
18
lation to flow into k
)« ns noted oxainplea :
i draw public attea-
mply ropaid in m«Q
State of Now York,
•von to the oxtromo
four millions in cut-
igh which runs the
) ruined — they cried
m upon them ; th»
ntood the debt, and
10 ruin, made their
I, was soiling at 5».
> dilTorenco in price,
nuMod him to place
runsportution being
loudest at first b
Ingland, who, with
iff their land, when
niso their country,
•ity.
ind population in-
>t. ilas our popu-
City? has not our
the United States.
re were only forty
various directions
( bean 60,000 souLi
, and a noble City
ng country,
'ity, the following
1855.
75,000
55,000
10,000
15,000
40,000
80,000
40,000
traced up to one
iround : they are
ledgers, pointing
1 a population of
ay, it has now a
ih 2400 miles of
■ailway, towards which the State advanced four millions and Tma^
ma advanced in price tliero from 5h. to 50s. an acre. The capitalista o^
A^itain have furnished the moans to construct these liuect, and it is noi
iiying too much, when we assert, that the capital invested in those plaoe*
ma be equally well obtained by us. In the life of George Stephenson we
illd the following example bearing on this point : — When the Railway
HM opened in 1825, the site of the future metropolis of Cleveland w«»
picuplodby one fannh-)iii»j; fill ar.jund waH paaturo laud or mud banke,
ibrculy another house in wi^ht, l)ut by means ol" the coul export trade, to
1^ changed in its character by Rnilways. We find when the Line is er
tnded to this place, Docks are excavated, Churches, Schools, Custom
ouse. Mechanics' Institute, Banks, Shipyards, and Iron Factories spring
fip, and in a few years, the site of the solitary farmhouso and outbuilding|i
H covered by one of the most important towns on the east coast of England J
A writer in the last number of the London Quarterly Review, in an intene-
ing article on the Progress of Englisli Agriculture has the following :—
4ftor noticing the advantages of Agricultunil KxhibitionH, and the facili-
ties which Railways have rendered to them in vurious wayw, he nays, "when in
** addition we consider the mountains of coal, iron, timber, artifiok)
••manures, lime and chalk convoyed in the one direction, and the quantity
*.*of live stock and corn in the other direction, we cannot help coming to
"the conclusion, that George Stephenson's locomotive has been the greet
1 cultivator of the farmer's mind, and tins farmer's land, the creat agent
wfor the extraordinary advance which British agriculture has made within
•* the last quarter of a century. Very significant were the figures whi«h
r the Chairman of the Jiistcrn Counties Railway gave at the Chelmsfori
V dinner, when he told his farmer friends, that'in the course of the pre-
f ceding twelve months, the lines over which ho presided, which were not
! teAn^ ^'^°^*^y''^ 24,000 tons of guano, and other portable manures,
• 700,000 quarters of grain, 550 sacks of flour, 71,000 beasts, 380,000
i! wuP' ' *^"^ ^^ ^^^ *"*^ poultry, and 43,000,000 quarts of milk •
\ \\ ho can estimate tlio value of the money rewards, held out to breedine
feeding, and corn growing;, in the shap^' of tlios'3 4000 mios of Railway
in iuigland, and how little are men, who live in the midst of these
changes, conscious of their magnitude until the results are collected and
put upon paper."
Of the improvements in this respect in England, Charles Knight thus
mites :— «« The firat track line in England was one passing through Croydon
« a small single line, on which a miserable team of loan donkeys, some
•< thirty years ago, might bo seen crawling at the rate of fu.r miles an
" hour, with several trucks of stone and limo behind them ; it was com-
"menced in 1801, finished in 1803, and the scienti.'.o men of that day
" tested Its capabilities, and found that one horse could draw some thirty-
" five tons, at six miles an hour, and then with prophetic wisdom declar^
♦•that Railways could never be worked pro.'ltably. Lean donkeys no
" longer crawl leisurely along the little rails with trucks of stone throueh
• Croydon, once, perchance, during the day, but the whistle and the rush
• ^*^ J"« '"comotive are now hwird all day long. Not a few loads of lime,
' but all London and its contents, by oomparitwu— m:;n, women, children,
horses, oxen, sheep, pigs, oarriagee, merchandi/e, and food,— seem to be
»' nOW-a-daVS pawino- thrtlinvh f>rrn7dnn f/^j,. floTT ->f»-^~ Ap~ i.1 „-
I one hundred journeys are made' by the great Raih-oada which pass n'e
* piace. *
mmm
l»m«r8 t,, our pmgrcM i„ t|,i. direction. WM, m .m„o ,o™ t«l2
upon K,„l,v„y,, „.„ portion „f,ho,„ fonuoHv r..g„r.l,,l ,i"rant^!ol
"Jl«-lop.r, wU !,„„ no ri,-,,t h„r,, „nd who ,« 1, L T^" L Z
P««n.I.n,l» which ..,„y„„a ehoir fi.tlu,,, i„l„.riw. \ 1 T l*
^zr,";r-"""""°, "-"""i"™™ "f «-«-'- whid, other iri
upon prop, rty, and which the cxporionoo of thw p.Jlo tciche, ■ ,on.
.avo ulroady had « full .har„ of thi, i„„r«.,„d vah,n',f proper y,,'! It
autapato u largo pro,p.ctiro hcnolit. And, therefor., it'i/tha wo k
irr;:ixt:i;r'"^''"' "'-^-^' "■«— • --•■
Minister, alon, with hi, .on, the prol: tl^^ tTsZT^Z
of Br,dgt,watcr and other, ; while it ha, been „tal„d that o t c'^a on
K.We„or.„„. there. Bnt\ho prtt,'t„!Z ^ tt:,';.!;^,^!
«.on beeanu, .0 palpable, that thee „,„„, i„ „ ,,,„« time were loTd™
,n Uo.r pra„e, and we And the Marqui, of Bri.tol, a few^Iir XJ: ^
Wh_I„« verydrawu,«-ro„,n, rather than be defeated in their under-
II wa, said before ),y George Stephenson, that Hallway, wore to ho the
the Railroad,, a'nd the Kailro^ds^rrkrthe 1 t'-T ',"' T
S ^T ^ r '''^'"'^''' °'''' '^'•'^^>'^^0 «° ^ common road from
K^ror d Lot.p round Lako Tomisoouta towards our boundary lino amU
U« tenu.nu«, .n the very heart of our wiIdornoa«, flour and ™ L" a^
been sod ,V8 cheap as within fifty miles of the City of S John b,
her em.grat,oa system is complete, and her resources are being 1'^;
moat of, 80 that her character in the Old World is estahlisl^rvl ,'*"''
trrr" " "- '"--• '"-^ --"^ *- t:*:tr oix it;
Jbelrr ™'S™"''° «J-"™. but wo have reason to believe this will
-Clr^'e ^ieZ tStr b"T '• "»' ^"' »~^-i Clipper
!-t y^oum imrdiy be known boyuud Downing street ; and
!' UiiilwuvH licro, jw
10 oppoHitiun of tho
n largo land ownoM
nd them tlio f^roat
Homo Hcom to look
"I omij^rantN — mort)
iin;5 to tlostroy tho
To uH tliiw Hoonis
licli othor ooiintrioH
)piilatiun Juvvo put
plo tuiiclieN ; 8om(.
proportj.mid must
t is that wo think,
7 Hhould, at least,
samo chiHHos who
thoro, Foromost
ho prosont Prlnio
I 'Softon, tlio Earl
oftho.t28f3,00(),-
ic puckots ofthirt
ikon, a<ld(.d to the
lis opjwsing class
1080 improvomontfl
irao, wore loudest
years afterwards,
;ht niako a tunno'
1 in their undor-
'H were to ho tho
lad said what ha^
untry but make
Canada under-
During tho past
nnon road from
hiry line, and at
1 provisions have
f St. John ; hut
;r roads, because
being made the
shed, and when
Is of which they
believe this will
irpassed Clipper
ling street; and
1^
jar resource- uro ohiolly huriod in tho earth. Canada ab.orb« all attention
|ring to her own boldness in putting forth hor clauuH. a,.d, in a g"reat
|o.isuro too, OWU.S to the notion whieii tho JJritish (iovoru went was'
|rcod to t;vko of her, when they nssumed t!io r-Jp^nsihilities of her Canal
»|. . Lut are those claims, when fairly 1 , ,k, d at, superior to ouri?
Jpst week we met a mechanic who loft New Hr.iiu.wiok for Canada two
gars ago; ho Ims l.ved in its most progresnivo city, and also in the very
ipart of .t« gra.n-growing country, but his e:;p„rience is, that for a work
g man, .Now lirunswick is the best, and t'ut if wo had one quarter thoir
Ivan agos ,n oapUal and Railroads it w >ald he superior. Now that wo
ve these m prospect, ho has returned, and many who, like him, had loft
, arc!, like him, ] repariiig to return. ^
,rn' • ^r!'^' ^^"^'""\ "^ ^''"' ^''^' '"^'^ "" '' y^'-'' «">«^ f'-t I'O WaH '
irpnsed at lie state of our I>rovince. •' Why,"' said he, ''you are ro-
^d. but [shall tell them when I go back, that they know nothing about
bu foi 1 have no leed mure intelligence, more prosperity, and real wealth .
^money and lands among tho country people of your Province, than I havo'
Er W r «7" ^l'^^^'-'^ m Pennsylvania," the Garden of the United
l^rl'r .1 '■;.''""''^ ""'^''^ ''' "^">' ^''"' ""-^ «1'"™« for settlers.
% such an emigration as Canada has had we must look for men who
.ve means to invest, heads to think, and hands to elfect ; and to a thorough
B tern of emigmtion earned out on a broad intelligent liberal plan, must
,d::::;.::r;;:-r:::;r " ''-'- '-''' '--'^ '- ^-^^ ^^- ^-
|Oar people are too much afraid of incurring public debt, whatever may
^«a.d of private debt; and tho present small amount o^our P o „c" 1
^bt makes us contemptible in the eyes of those who seek investments
fchn ' 7p TP''''^"' ^"''* of twenty millions, .vhilo our debt
f»on tho present Railroad to Shodiac is completed will not bo ono million
^papulation of Can.da is two millions, while ours is about ono-Tonth of
tt^H, t!ia in every way our debt is proportionably less than that of
^n da. J hoir bonds are selling la London at ll.^i,* ours at 108^. Had
^indebtedness been larger, we should have been more enquired after, a
Zdsl iT^ r t ^"^""^T'''"' '' ^^" ''' '' individuals. And Canadian
Sres fS- ^7"««f7,^-- '^^ f- --y years before the monied '
Merest of Britain, heralded by pretensions which we must acknowlediro
h^o been fully justified in their operation: ours aro at a lower r2
^uso wo are comparatively unknown there. Wo were not before tho
«^ied public in any shape until 1855: tho first sale of Now Brnnsw ok
^du'air d "'•""' ''"?'' "°'^'^°"^' ^'^ ^' P-' -^ - have In
g«d«ally advancing, even in tho face of the great panic, as our resources
w«Te enquired into ; and when we are better known in the British market,
^^r Bonds will rate r ■, high, if not higher, than any security which British
— ^•- li -xiiieriea can oiier.
1(1
»«•, if w. r«nain « w *w ; b«t the cpitl we n«eive wiU give ua .d-
«Uhon wouWbe harder to b*, than will be a future debt of two miUio J
fa U. .mpro^ oondUioo of our country, brought about by the incrS
fc^hUesfor tr^ieand production which th«e great Public WorkelS
Bat it iB Mid by iome, let m see how the present line will pay before we
oonUnueUin another dilution. There caLot be greaterXh-"
^e on .uch a h^ for the pr««nt line, iaolatcd. commencing and endi^
^yT^I"""' Railway connection, cannot under such circu^
•toncee be exported to pay. So that it would be unfair to condemn a line
« unworthy of continuation, when the real neceeeitiee which make up iL'
a^wiraiTr ''"':? ''' ^" '="*^'" ^^"^ ^"^ ^ connected ii^J
W oS mTlL f p '^ °* "" ' P*'*"'"^ *'" '^ '^"'•°«« ^h'«^ » done by
12,000 milee of Railway weetward and prospective hundreds northward
the paymg qualitie. of the whole line can be fiilly teeted. but not S'
^emoneynow investedin Railways here cannot be rej;::!;'^ ^'e
S^i^ ;i."""""'"*"°°'''' must expend another million, anrthe
adrantages of this course must appear to the least thoughtful
Ftom our previous remarks it will bo seen that we have had iu vie^v
wo Ideas: one. a connection with the larger commorci.l communitiro.
h«contment; the other, abetter mode of communication through the
htlZ%et^Vtjr °"' ^^-^-^^P^'-. ^I^-n^t
^.Q^nS"®"'"'"' °^ Railway, when finished in 18G0. will have co«i
£800,000 ; of this £600.000 are for construction, and £2^0:000 for rdl^
tock and stations Now if that line pay only three ^ cent, over work
ng expenses, which, we think, it will do, we can then spend £400 000 on
Railways e^ewhere, this throe per cent, on £800,000 providing for that
which, with £100.000 which St. John itself should Jumo ^'a pr^^rU
tex. would provide for this extension of the line westward seventy mU^ Z
There have been two surveys made to the westward in this Province • th e
wuthem survey, which runs along the coast, would not we believe prove so
^vantageous as the northern, for in the latter, with the exception of a short
dMtenceateithcr end.we have a country, rich and fertile.through which a road
^be easily „«de.andalongwhich the tracts for settlement are of themost
fevorab lecharacter. By taking this course through the Nerepisand Douglas
Valley,jomingtheSt.And™UnonorthoftheOromoctouL.wenoton?;
secure a nch country, but the line is brought within twenty miles of Z
4-140,000, and which should be carried on at the same time, Fredericton, like
W. John, assuming a due proportion of the cost of this line.
But some mav object on Uw» ivn-t ^f at Jnhn *- , »^ -• - , -
, ^ . , „. .^fc. uyan, nj aetraiiie uny awect habii-
Ifc' in thii
iiiii'fl |))(
ieiiig in (
•fc' iiitaro
%rci> tuill
•lilt? wu
iRiyfe? It
tir shilli
1 if wo '
lupjirod
hich thii
ngor at
lose advi
irough 01
•rthorn c(
JPfiiisinvortl
||wai-d for
4Nofc only
<igo^ from
(fHouc'isHtor,
l^ilwayn c(
«p:i!.s canno
ptrnonk lam
Rtince Edw
ton, and N(
they are at
Rrovince, ai
1 Siuih is
instruction
•ilopted, ant
irt once. 'W
•iohn, runnir
tOHt to Eli
former c
Wttlvvay, by \
St» Andrews'
oj^ mind the
tVfe. Fredei
to|iono otiier
ti^ into flour
▼Mt facilities
^ho object
^hin the rai
wn as the
fS cliai'igod
>m at Bttng(
• and thin u qoiie
re wiU give us ad-
ent debt of half a
>t of two millioiu),
t bj tho increaaed
ablio WorkR wii)
ir
rill pay boforo we
iter folly than to
SDeingand eoding
der such ciroum>^
> condemn a line,
liich make up its
•e connected with
ivhlch is done by
Ireda northward,
, but not before.
«lled. To make
nillion, and the
ul.
avo had in viev*
communities of
ion through the
iry importance.
will have ooet
•,000 for rolling
ent, over work-
nd £400,000 on
riding for that,
3 as a property
Jeventy miles to
rveyod through
1 Province ; th e
Jclieve prove so
)tion of a short
jh which a road
are of the most
lis and Douglas
tes.we not only
y miles of tiwi
an expense of
'odericton, like
y direct iiabil-
•".•« ro,,kel 1, „lte„ tho truort t«t of hi. .i„,,,,.y. ,u„Vr« 1 r'of our '
• ■ u,t.r,..t, ,„v„lvo,l i i„ tl,o City of St. Joi,,,. ,!,„„ ,, ,va| „t;.l,. ra u "d Z
»J.. la .ochun o,tra tuatlon u« w.,ula ],o xt)m> a v™r or alwut
a,il«,, «, bo earn., tto' . ^{^r^r' ""'"°"^^- *""''
fiieyaroat onco brought Li I """^ ^^' '^''^ P^^"'« "^ «°"tr«»
fto'vince. as w^U^f ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ *^« -^ro of trade in our
^^iir s:::^ -r r :;2crr ^ r^ ^^ "^ ---^ -^
•floptod, and toward which, Wo Uevf alT o ^'*'^ !?'" *^ ^"^^
»* once. We refer to thr, iZl TV ""'^ ^"''Sies should bo directed
Jah„, runlg ;t law h" ir^f "« ^h^-S^^ the Vall.j of the St.
%OHtto£olW,oTin^^^^^^^^
former cours3. ^oin-^S wo' h 15 ^'"^°"°'°° '" ''' ''«--• ^^
way, by the latti, tlktg F;el;^^^^^^^ T""' '^''^"^ ""^^^ "^"^« ''
m Andrews' line near Eel rL, we vol ' ''"'''' '"^ ^"^^''^^^'J^S the
Of mind the advantages of this itor - '"^''''' "'"' ''''^ """''' ^°
4. Frederictou is now tho clt'o "f 1^.' "*^1^' ^''^ ^''"^^ ^^P^"^'"
tOfiono other in our Province • fr^n, v *u' ^Sricultural country, second
ill* into flourishing settlemonts', and^ ^'i road ^T'l T''^''" ''''^' ^'''^■
Vitf/acilities for the fuller settlement of h„. r"" * ^'''"'^^'^ ^'^"'^ '^^''
fho object of tho Americans ut n ^''' ''"°*'y-
4l>m the range of their CommercVtho?'" ^f *''°^' ^^""t'T, a> 1 bring-
ll^wu as the Aroostook an.l 17.1 u''' T^ ''^'^ '^ "^^ lands which are ,.
jg-astheAr.s.okandwa:::irr^r"^^
-«TcCwaugoutneii' views on the adv<infn«. r*!!' V,' ' ^^^ ^^'i= y^^puai: thcj
> at tagor, p„,hu,g oa J, itX 11 Sh„r« routo,»nd wo now find
. 1- b u w iimroto, eaa iq a ttort timo tlioy wiU hare
.w
■an
H
• ooiMMotlon with th» St. Androw. lln«, where we tuould be prepared to
moot thoin from our sido. Wo may ro«t OMured that tho highor up on tfie
proaant lino wj urj c mnoctod with tho Njrtli, tho rajro Hursly will the
trade contro horu, ami tlio m;)ro dirwt will bothoadvantig.w t ) tijo Provln,"
and to U8. If W.3 lo.k at tlio Map of our Province, wo find thin upp t
country of i.n.nonHo oxtont ; from all quarters wo hmr marvolloue account.
Of it8 fertility— of itH rich prairio land—itt. maj^nificent m;xnhm-itH un-
•urpasaod water privil <go8. Can such a country |„ng remain unknown t,
tho groat m.isflL.8 sojking a now location? and will not thosa wh(., tirat, hy
good cjinmunicition, sjouro tlio tr.ide of such a country, rjtaia it / Tli- ■'
arc soriou8 cjU(,stiona for us to conildor, and wo can soo bat ono dirk an-
swer, which proaanfc nugloot on our part will moro than justify.
During tho proaont Sumraor, thoro is an omigrati')n of 10.000 GormaiiN
going in ono body Into tho Aroostook, and soon will theso draw 20.000 and
before wo aro aware of it, that fine country will bo a busy hivo of industry
yielding wealth in rich abundance ; shall wo not bid for a part of it ?
Our River, running through the groater part of this imaonso territory „i
Maine and Now Brunswick, having its outlot in our harbour, renders thi.
the natural shipping p >rt of this country. No railroad can deprive us d
this great river advantage, but a road througli American territory, with no
branch on our side, may direct much trade from us. With river and rail
road mooting hero, those united, must secure to us nearly all the trade oi
that immense Country.
There are somo who say wo require no railway hero, that tho rivor h
sufficient. But, for five months in the year, our rivor is closed ; railroads
are always open ; the railway goes through tho heart of tho country, op -n.
mg up and settling it, and all experience proves, that whorovor railways and
water have come into competition, tho advantages of tho former over tin
latter greatly prevail, while together they make increased work one for the
other.
^ ad vane
ibjing'
• III V\<y
(Kmpii'ii
far'l ligi
|| opin 1
||ntan1
Jioe, (fci
ad) up
lia, 1 it
aofi(')l, I
91. John
in, &o.,
ring tJi
irobor al
Making
., . , '.'■•" "^°" i""-'t'"^'^'"'° l"^'"*"'Kaieu ov ine onnonents Tho
" ZZtZ'trrT'' were .stouniled bytho fact! that r^LXtandi 1
tiie immense traffic by rail, their own continued to inereuse— tho cittl'
owners were equally surprised to find the price of horse f£h i.erean^^
•• Sn wkliTl rr;! "' '^'-''^^'' '''l ""'"'•^^'* '^''''^'' '•^""'".^ J" conned
" {£ ui L LT'""'' g'J''"g;"'P ^y™^"? to a greater number of horses
•• from W,J«ft "?"''? ff *•""' 'h« ^8"«"'t"ral communications, ho far
irom being destroyed,!^ had been predicted, wore immensely improved- the
for e^ mone^, whilst they obtained a readier access to tho best maK
tor their stock and produce." "iarKtis
''Owners of land, who had fought before Parliament against railwavs
and compelled them to pass wide of their domains at greatly increasS
•*aCommoditr^^,t•' "7 ft?' °"^' ''' ^'^^^In^An^ fu^stifti^n
actommodation, Ihose who held property near towns, and had extorted
" if'£-,T!:?I:^°"?P«?'V*^'>"/«'^ *he anticipated deterioration in the vaS
" " '<i"uunj iuau, found a a«w aemaua lor It springing up at greatJv
Btviides lu
*ira8 usod
Ind railrc
tbovo Wc
ivo milllo
luber ai
^erago, 1
ok, taki
1 Th.-; cos
'ib the wa
9g tlirou
Hot exceec
iban £1,C
||tid nothi
Mnt time
pm, and
0f tho mai
Ibat these
|er cent. (
tided for,a
^n and M
i springing up at greatJv jT , ,
ifwuld not
f
uould ba prop&red to
tht) hlghor lip on the
ura Mur-'ly will the
iUgm t ) tli'j Proving
wi) find tliiH uppor
inarvullouB aocuiint«
ent inaraheo — itM un-
romain unknown to
; tho8J who, tirat, by
y, rjtaiii it? Tiirj
00 bat ono dirk an-
1 justify,
of 10,000 GormatiD
38;) draw 20.000, and
my hivo of industry,
>ra part of it?
iiniounso tJrritory of
arbour, rondors thin
d can deprive us of
n tarritory, with no
With river and rail-
fly all the trado of
19
>'^iai
advanotMl prices ; land too was advortisod for salo with tho attraction of
bjinj^ » noar a railway station.' "
In th<MT oxtr.iots wo havo travolhd rathor beyond our prosmt pnrposo, a
tmpirism of R)vl ami Rivitradvanta^tM. It is n;)t njowHiry to hrinrj for-
,rJ fl)^ur IS t ) sljnw thu immorisi trado now dono on our St. John river ; it
opm to obsorvation ; but as those give us a more duflnito idea of the ex-
t an 1 valua of this trado, wo ra;vy allude to tho quintity of gojds, pro-
00, Ao., wliich pwijd through Froduricton in thu Summer of '53, u
idi> uphyMr. \V. A. M* Loan, who had charge of the chief portion of them.
liH, lot it h) n )t vl, irt only a portion of the trada, miny articles are not
tiool, and no nuntion is mid) of pasaangur traffic. Thoro pasaod up from
. John what wis equal to 80,000 barrels, jl being to Woodstock, IIoul-
in, &c., i t) t!io Arojstook and Tobiquo, and \ to the Grand Palls, and
rinr tlie sam i pjriod there passed down of American manufactured Pino
ibor alone "
20 Million Shingles, worlh £0 15
8 •' Clapboards,
3 •' Boards,
10,000 Bushels Oats,
5,000 " Potatoes,
CO Tons Buckwheat, "
30 " Oatmeal, «« 12 10
f Making in these articles alone coming down,
the sum of
12
10
10
f>
2
4
.iobs
per M.
per bushel. ]
'«
per ton
0, that tho rivor U
is clos3d ; railroad)
' tho country, open-
orover railways and
tho former over the
d work ono for the
nson's Life:— "Tin
38, Hoon proved the
le opponents. Tho
ut notwitlistandinf
ncroasu — the cattl"
irsu flesh inereasini'
runninp; in conncc-
r nunibor of horses
muiiications, ho far
»8t?ly improved; the
and other supplies
) the best raarketii
against railways,
eutly increased ox-
nd neiirer station
, and had extorted
•ation in the value
ging up at gr^tl\
£51,975
iosidos large quantities of Butter, Cheese, Cloth, &c., in addition to what
Mras used there, a production which could havo been increased by population
|nd railroads thirty fold. From tho small village of Bridgowater, 25 milee
Ibove Woodstock, on tho American side, there was, last year, an export of
ive million of shingles, valued at $15,000, besides large quantities of other
||nmber and farming produce ; and during last Winter thero were, on an
iiverago, thirty teams daily entering Bangor with produce from the Arooa-
i|>ok, taking back their returns in supplies.
^Th.^cost of aline to Fredericton, and joining the St. Andrews' lino
m the way stated, would not exceed much the cost of joining it by go-
^Ibg through the Douglas Valley, connecting lower, as first named ; it would
St exceed £700,000, which would place upon us an entire debt of not more
tan £1,600,000, which would entail an interest at most (even if the works
id nothing over their working expenses) of £100,000, while at the pro-
iint time tho interest on the public debt of Canada is twelve times that
ilm, and the burden is lightly borne. But this is taking the darkest view
«€ tho matter, while it is far from the correct view ; there is little doubt
ibat these roads, connected from East to West, will at once pay at least four
J^r cent, over working expenses, which would leave only £34,000 to be pro-
tided for,and in a short time they would pay full interest on the cost. The Bos-
ton and Maine Railroad, with no greater advantages at first than wo have,
^id from tho first from 8 to 9 per cent, profit, never less th«a 7, a nd why
Aould not thi9 propowd lint ? .—.*.- — ~
20
Alto thft objoetion to pay pw oont. for rtvpifail, w!i«m in tho merchant
who, in our ooimtry, wuulil nut ghuUy jMiy thin, whon lio mw a iirontahlo
Bohomo for invotraont? Tho same rulo appliiw to thn Htatrt m<tr<!hiint. ; an<i
thiB capital invontod in Riiilroa<l» hero, will yiold u« a rotorn far hoyond
tho intorost, ovon had wo to pay it, wiiioh, howovor, I am HatiHflod, wo
Hhall not t)o culiod upon to do.
Again it iH objoctod that in no country do Railroads pay m a baro invoBt«
mont ; England in held up before uh in tliiH connection, there thoy pay
only four per cent, on an average, but it should bo romcraborod that Kail-
roads thoro have cost at tho rate of X35,000n milo, oaunod by oxponBivo
stationH, purchoHO of right of way, and cost of logUlation ; in Prussia thoy
pay six and a-«(uartor per cent, at a cost of £14,000 a milo ; in Franco
six and ono-cighth per cent, at a cost of £25,600 a milo ; in tho United
States five and a-half per c«nt. at a cost of £9,000 a milo, a per contago
whioh would have been much greater, had it not boon for tho niiHmaniigO-
mont and fraud which haa on many linen there reigned supremo. VVhilo
the recorded cost of those American Railroadn appears high, the average
nett cost, far inferior as they are to ours, may bo fairly estimated at £7000
a mile, owing to the mode in which thoy have boon paid for : contractors
in most cu8> h, taking stock at par, on which thoy frequently realized but
two-thirds of tho firet cost, thus showing that in proportion to tho true cost
of these American Railroads thoy have earned, on an average, over eeven
per cent, on the expenditure, oven witli these gross frauds.
Ihe same ohjoctions which have been urged against Railroads here, wcro
urged against Ocean Steam Navigation in Canada ; the cry was raised,
" Tho country will be ruined," " There is not work enough to pay ovoa
tho running expenses ;" but in tho face of all this, a Company wan formed,
with no extravagant Government appropriation, such as those to tho
Cunard and Collins' Companies, they at once became powerful opponents
of these, their monthly line soon became fortnightly, and this will soon be
weekly. They have thus thrown into the lap of Canada the benefits of her
own trade, which Cunard and Collins formerly had ; thoy have largely
increased that trad.-, while they are peopling the country with tho best
olasfl of settlers ; they have placed Canada in tho fore-front of commercial
Communities ; they have repaid the original investment ; and, greater than
all, they have converted tho very croakers who opposed them into their
warmest advocates !
Their success is chiefly attributable to this fact : they relied upon their
own exertions, instead of upon (Jovernment appropriations chiefly— tlioy
placed their faros at figures which induced the emigrant to pass over in
them, and the merchant f-o freight them ; they ran in connection with
their Railroads*— their ugsnts, with ample information, were in ev.^ry part
cf tho United Kingdom, and thus, •while in this enterprise they wore
t hemsel ves amply repaid, they wcro building up their couiUi.y lu u degrtu
whlchTytherwiee. could not have been imaginQd. KailWiays on land in all
I
B«w «oani
priwiint hii
Brunswick
which they
favour.
By thii c
Workshop
was a shorl
and coal ar
from tho a
Province in
from those
immediate]^
would iron
tho manufu
fVom coal n
branchei wr
Locomotive
every instan
manuf(U)tur<
their own va
completed, (
moans, tho j
and most su
of St. John,
Touching
statibtics of
ductiou of ]
moss and tui
City of Portl
tages, for tli
them. In li
in ton years
Portland we
tion of tho
immense sui
since of the
Railway, an
than repaid
him.
While the
are very grej
construct Ra
aiming at th;
securing tho
Canada.
10 mwclmnt
a iirofiuhl)
I'lvr hoyi)nd
nitittilod, wo
Kai'ft invoot'
■0 thoy poy
[ that lluil-
ly oxpondlvo
'rufwia thoy
in Franco
tho (Jnitod
[)or contago
nuMtuanuno-
Mo. VVhilo
tho avcrap;o
3(1 at £7000
contractors
realized but
ho true cost
, over Bcvon
i licro, wcro
wuH ralBcd,
to pay even
ffon fonned i
lOBO to tho
1 opponents
will Boon bo
nefitH of her
avo largoly
ith tho best
commercial
;reater than
I into their
upon their
biefly— they
rxiHS over in
ection with
ti ov"'ry part
3 they were
in a degree
land in all
I
I
new oountrlflw, are llii proourwri of Ocoan Stoamthip*. Tho pott and
pr.tM.mt history of Caiwdiun advaiiuomoiit in tho luturo hiutory of Now
BniiiHwick, for id.intica! in our pa«itio»s, wo have ocoan udvautago»
Which thoy httvo not, and which will in tluj futuro tell powerfully m our
favour.
By this connection with Canada, New Brunawick would aho booorao tho
worlwhop for a largo portion of that country. Wo Iwllovo thuro in, or
wan a short time iiinco, only ono bhvst furnace in all that country ; that iron
and coal are not found there, and that tho chief Hupplios of these are sent
from the sea-board, from Ponnsyvania and Ohio. These wo have in our
Proviu.Hj in rich abundance, and the cost of transport would be loss than
from those other places ; the increased demand of such a country, would
immoduvtely open up those brunches of our productive wealth. Not only
would iron and coal he sent there, but we should from our facilities Iwcome
tho manufacturing centre, for that country, of articloa which are made
from eoal and iron. The vast advantages which our mechanics in all
branches would thus derive from such a connection must bo apparent-
Locomotive manufactories started in Canada have, wo Iwlieve, failed in
every instance, owing to tho oxpcmse of procuring tho staples used in their
mauufocturo; and their American neighbours have driven them out of
their own markets. Tho New Brunswicker in turn, if thoso works arc
completed, can drive the American manufacturer out of Canada. By such
means, the much-to-be-desired union of these Colonics will bo most speedily
and most suooesafully effected, and in whatever union takes place our City
of St. John, from its position, must occupy the first rank.
touching the increased value of property which Railroads effect, tho
statihtica of Canadian cities present some wonderful facte. At tho intro-
duction of Railways into England this was pivrticularly the caao ; rocks,
moss and turf were all turned into gold. Wo have a striking example in tho
City of Portland, which, with all its Railroads, has not one tithe of our advan-
tages, for thoy have not a great back feeding country like ours, to support
thorn. In 1845, without Railways, tho population of Portland was 10,000,
in ton years it had incroasod to 27,000 ; in 1845 tho foreign imports of
Portland wore $45,000, in 1855 they were $3,200,000 ; in 1845 the valua-
tion of tho City property was $4,636,000, in 1855 it had reached tho
immense sum of $20,000,000 ! A farmer in Illinois, writing a short time
Since of tho introduction of Railways, says ho had invested $800 in a
Railway, and if he never received ono cent of it again, he was more
than repaid in the advantages which this mode of communication afforded
him.
While the advantages of direct communication with the United States
are very great, still in a new country like this, where wo are not able to
construct Railways to benefit directly every portion of it, wo must, while
aiming at this, not lose sight of the greater nc 'ty of opening up and
securmg tho trade of our own country, with ultimate connection with
Canada.
By th« rouift proponod wo ihonld iwcnre pnnne<'Uon wUh our Awn npp#»r
country, <Unadtt, and tho Unit«Kl Sutnn, and then w.^ nn^ in a pmition to
Amno't with that lin*5, ths projwt for whi«'h i« mn h.iing nwivwl, (and
from what wo havo alrtwly loirnod, with every proupwf of iiucfl.«B.) h*Ting
iti miomi tijnnitiuH at IblifdX, or lUrthrr oiuitward, extending on to Quobeti,
•nd thoro joining thn gnmtor Railway which will uUlmutoly Iw fonntxl from
tho Atlantic to tho I'acJc.
Looking at our pwltlon with roganl to Lowor Canada, St. John must yo*
boflomo tho WintofMvViport of tliat ouritry, If w.^ propivro fi»r it ; Portland liaa
»lri)ady tak.in from ua a p jrtlon of this trado, and tho g;^ographicfil and
politioalhoaringB of our Provinoo with Canada rund.ir it imooHHary that
thirt trado should not oxtond in that direction. 'Tho (JanadianH prafer an
outlot through Britiflh territory, and nuroly, whon it in ho pluiolv for our
bonollt, wc Hhall not hcHitato to moot thorn. Wo Mliall thon ho within a
day'H travel of Quobec, the di«tanoo from St. John via tlie Doughw Valloy
being 385 miloe— via Frodcricton 3'J5 miles, while from Portland to Quoboo
the diHtance Ih 453 milc«.
Wo look forward to tho early action of Grout Uritain in adopting q» hor
own, tho contompltttod schomo for uniting tho EoHtorn and Western Ilomi-
■phoree, by tho Atlantic and Pacific Railroad ; tho advantagiM to Britain
of Buch a connection must appear to tho most casual olworvor of her present
»nd past difSoultioa in tho East. It would give her, in controlling these
diffioultioB, advantages which would far outweigh tho first cost of such a
road. An Ocean port near us, must bo tho Atlantic terminus, Vancouver's
Island, tho probable Pacifio terminus, connecting thero with tho Fkst
Indies and China by powerful Steamers. Our connection with Canada
will place us in a direct Hue with this great work, and St. John, in a few
years, may thus rise to the position of the Liverpool of British America.
I To urge on our Country in this race, for the great prize of Commercial
iupremacy, should be a chief object of all engaged in business here. In no
part of the world do business men work harder than we do. Compai ing our
hours ond hobits with those of the inhabitants of other parts of America or of
Britain, we are overworked in a high degree. Early morn and late night find
us in our counting-rooms and warehouses, and this increasing devotion to our
own business begets a neglect or forgetfulness of public business, and we may
find when it is too late that this intense business sorvility, which has caused
VLB to lose sight of tho greater claims of our Country, hus also taken from us
much of those public advantages whicli gave to us our private business.
Instead, too, of allowing political partizanship. or geographical accidents,
to shade our eyes and dull our perceptions— instead of looking at a Govern-
ment merely as the dispensers of patronage, to bo torn asunder at every new
appointment— let us assist in carrying into eflFect broad and statesmanlike
tiews on these great questions of Railroads, Emigration, the settlement of
our Wild Lands, Ocean bteam Navigation, Ocean JbisherieB, MluOo, our
Agricultural and ManuiaoturiiJiS Power. Thia question of railroad exten-
■ioo shouli
BritiMh Pa
bo viewed I
by u union
now ap|Nui
Instead (
against thr
mon Count
Provineo ol
their own (
secure wlio
and luymei
often s.'en,
them pimhi
never fail ti
too often lo
of the farth
In treatin
lo thisaspeo
tagea of Rii
Long, long I
are brougUt
: less will our
J ism tho Ij')C(
I stronger thu
' neighbours I
I nection witli
I Tho foil,
J city, is annt
\ the ngrlcult
opportunity
ton, hohavl
the Kent A
j J. Boyd,
: request to f'l
; New Brunsv
j years ago, u{j
' engaged in t
I by the nppai
I have tra
and through
and I have cq
r own iipp^r
% ptMition to
nvivtxi, (and
IJM,) linring
a to Quob«n,
forino<l fri>m
ihn numt yel
P>)rtlan(l hoa
mpliit'iil and
)00H«ary that
ifxn profor an
ainlv for our
\ ho within a
mglas Valloy
nd to Quuboo
jpting an hot
estcm Ilomi-
M to Britain
)f her pr««tmt
trolling thoflo
oat ot 8Uoh a
, Vancuuvor'M
rith the ViMt
erith Canada
jhn, in a fow
I Amjrica.
f Commercial
horo. In no
ompaiing our
America or of
luto night find
levotion to our
8, and wo may
ich huH cauHod
taken from uh
buRinces.
lical accidents,
g at a Govorn-
r at every nevr
statesmanlike
) Bottlement of
i, Miucs, our
railroad exten-
•ion ihould be Mp«oi«llj romovfld b«yood th« paU of party ttrilt. Af tlit
British l»arlittm«nt tr..ut of India, we thuuld tnwt of Kailwaya ; this nhuuU
bu viowud *u ugruat quomi-.n, .iffbctJng thechlof intmwtnof uur Country, thua
by a union ol ail, for tiio g.MKi of all, w« can oaiiiy ovcrcoroodiflloultioii which
now tt[)|i>uir iuMunnountahlu.
Inittoad of arraying miotional intonwtii, ono against tho other,— tho North
•Ipkinst thft 8 .uth, and tho Kwt ag.iinnt tho W»wt,— let usunitn on our com-
mon Country and mik^ it what it ought, and will he, tho IV«n proM|M)rou«
Province of N-w-Drunnwick, who*., hardy houh will mirn for thomnolv.*, in
thoir own Country, that walth and pnwpority which timy mildom fail to
■ftflure when thwy go to thou.! landii wh.iro thoro In i»oop<» for their enti-rprimj
and ikiymiUJt for their lalKuir ; and thus instead of wjoing, on we have too
oltuni».wn, our working men l.uving us for the Far West, wo shall have
them ptishing on in their own land those works of enterprise, in which they
never fail to take the lead abroad, ttn<l bo bbmid with that bialth which is
too often lost in the ague swamps of tho Far West, or amid tho arid plains
of the farther Fast.
In treating of thissubjwt wo have only taken tho commercial view of it, and
In this aspect wo of courso include improved Postal arrangements. Theadvan-
tagofl of Railways to our country in time of war has not been alluded to.
Long, long may it Iw before we require to look at it in this light ; the closer we
are brouglit to our American neighbours— tho more we mix together— tho
loss will our political antagonism manifest itself. In this age of Utilitarian-
ism tho Locomotive is tho greatest pitcificator, tho spirit of Commerce it
strongur than the demon of War ; and tho more we are connected with our
neighbours by iron bands, tho loss shall we bo disposed to break tho con-
nection with iron balls.
Tho following letter, from J. G. 0. Layton, Esq., a merchant of our
city, la annexed in further corroboration of tho statements relative to
the agricultural capabilitioa of Now Brunswick. No one has had a better
opportunity for forming a correct judgment on this point than iMr. Lay-
ton, hehavin.:-; been, for many years, a practical farmer and J 'resident of
the Kent Agricultural Society:—
Saint Joim, July 8th, 1858.
J. Boyd, Esq.— Dear Sir:— T with pleasure comply with your
request to furnish you with tho result of my experience of funning in
New Brunswick. From my Grst arrival in this Province, twenty-two
years ago, up to within the last four years, I have been always more or less
engaged in that pursuit, and now regret having been allured therefrom
by the apparent fj/ more prosperous condition of the mercantile classes.
I have travelled in the United States, from Maine to Maryland south,
and through Ohio to Kentucky west, always with an agricultural eve.
and I have come to tho oonclusion (oft repeated) that were I again to go
to fmnlnpr, TihnttM mfk a lootlity In Sow Wrtinnwlok, alwAyfi liM^inf)^ in
ricw thp n«'t'<H«ity (»f'b«'inK nmt Kivtr <ir Kiiilwny ir-Mmt
My n>:iHoiiM for |»r»!f»'rrinj( New HniiMwick to niiy part of'iho I'iiiUmI
StitU>ii, thriiiiKh whiiih I havii truv«ll«<l, imi iiiiiuv.—i'iatiti N\>w Urtitw-
wlok I Mhotilil \m living iin«l»i tho m<wt fn-o uiul tlm li^liUMt tiu«(|
(]i»\(>riiim-»it in J ho worlil. For « imtivoof fho DrUiiih IhIi'h ihecllinato
in more HuitttbU' than any jmrt. oftho Ifnitcul Htaton, uiiil tho nyntmn of
•griculturu m/i*j"m/iu idonticul with that of Hcothiiid, although tho nyii.
tcni Ki'iiorally fnnriimd m iduuticiil witli that practi««ti in HcotlaniJ filly
yi!ur»ap); whijo tJutayMtttm mi«(<Mtury to «uc«h«»»m in Hm I'nit.-.l Hlatm w
m fur potitniry to llm idtiiut of an inhabitant of tho Hriti«li lhK<«, thiil't
tak(<N him ymrn of cxpcndituro of timo and money iMtforu Ini vtri muit
up hin mind to adopt it.
I i ndcr the pro«ont nyHtem of agriculturo gvni'rally pm<!tii(cd tliu ( )ut in
really tho utaplo grain of tho country : 1t*growH well, iM a nuro crop, and
yioldn tw abundantly an in tho Hriti»h ThIoI Tho Out in worth nn much
hero por buxhel, or noarly mo, um wheat m |Hjr buMhel in tho western
Stjiton; at tho present tinio ono barrel of oatmeal will buy one and a
third barrels of Amorieun HUporfine flour. The produce in biwhcln por
acre may b« Hufely fot ilown at double that of an ucn) of wheat in tho
western HtntoM; that <3onne(|uontly oat farming in more pndlUdde in this
country than wheal fhrming in there. I'n'ciHcly the Minu; remarkH upj)ly
to barley oulture, a er(>p which was nov<ir known to fiiil (»f returnirjg a
bountiful yield, when the land hud boon prepared with ordinary care.
Green crop.s, suoh an tho turnip, (tho delight oftho British fannerj
when cultivated with tho Hamo care an in tho Uritish ImIch, yiolds
equally well, while tho climate oftho Ifnitod States generally is too dry
and arid for that crop. The .sanio rcmarku apply with e<iual force to the
potatoc, accepting an regardn the extreme northern and wos^tern .States.
That thiH in a hay and pasture growing e(nintry will bo (ividont to
every practical perwon on seeing how the grans grows uifc;>ii( of tho bad
farming, such for instance a« growing several huccc ' , , )foatii
and with the last 8catteri..g a 1 w graii n of grass seed.
I could enlarge much on t-ubjeot but tho limited time at my
»f going further ut present.
ri «pccttuHy,
J. a. a. LAYTON.
disposal precludes tho j. -^.m
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to '1<
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