IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 L/j 
 
 
 1 '-^ 
 
 ttiM2B III2.5 
 Ui lU III 2.2 
 
 " lis ilM 
 II 18 
 
 
 I.I 
 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.4 1.6 
 
 VI 
 
 V/, 
 
 y 
 
 
 
 /A 
 
 '/ 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sdences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY. 14580 
 
 (716) S72-4S03 
 
Ms. 
 
 i^ 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian institute for Historical f\/licroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
 <?>♦ 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notas tachnipuaa at bibliographiquaa 
 
 Tha Inatituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast 
 original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this 
 copy which may ba bibliographically uftiqua. 
 which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha 
 raproduction, or which may significantly changa 
 tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. 
 
 n 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 Coloured covars/ 
 Couvartura da coulaur 
 
 I I Covars damagad/ 
 
 Couvartura andommagia 
 
 □ Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ 
 Couvartura restaur^ at/ou palliculAa 
 
 I I Covar titia miasing/ 
 
 La titre da couvartura manqua 
 
 Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartas giographiquas an coulaur 
 
 □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encra da coulaur (I.e. autre que bieue ou noire) 
 
 nn Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 
 n 
 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 ReliA avac d'autres documenta 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La re liure serrie peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 diatorsion lo long de la marge intAriaure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutiea 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans la texte. 
 mais, iorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas iti filmies. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires supplimentaires; 
 
 L'tnstitut a microfilm* la meilleur exemplaira 
 qu'il lui a it* possible de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaira qui sont paut-Atre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent axiger une 
 modification dans la mithoda normale de filmage 
 sont indiquAs ci-dessous. 
 
 r~l Coloured pages/ 
 
 D 
 
 Pagea da couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagias 
 
 Pages restored and/oi 
 
 Pages restaurias et/ou pelliculAes 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxe< 
 Pages d*color*as, tachaties ou piquAes 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pages ditachies 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Qualit* inigala de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary materii 
 Comprend du materiel suppiimentaira 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 r~n Pages damaged/ 
 
 I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 
 r~r\ Pagea discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 
 I I Pages detached/ 
 
 rri Showthrough/ 
 
 pn Quality of print varies/ 
 
 I I Includes supplementary material/ 
 
 I I Only edition available/ 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have bean ref timed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partieilement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, 
 etc., ont ixi film^es A nouveau de fapon i 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 
 
 10X 14X 18X 27V 
 
 26X 
 
 SOX 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 y_ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12X 
 
 16X 
 
 20X 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 32X 
 
• 
 
 fttaili 
 s du 
 modifier 
 r una 
 Image 
 
 Th« copy filmed her* hee been reproduced thenke 
 to the generocity of: 
 
 New Brunswick Muiaudi 
 Saint John 
 
 The Imegee appeering here are the boet quality 
 poeaible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and In keeping with the 
 filming contract •pecifioations. 
 
 L'exempiaire film* fut reproduit grice i la 
 g4n4ro«iti de: 
 
 Naw Bruhiwick Muiaum 
 Saint John 
 
 Lee Image* suivante* ont *t4 raproduit** avec ie 
 plus grand toin, compta tenu de la condition at 
 de la nattat* de l'exempiaire fllmA, et en 
 conformiti avec lee conditions du contrat de 
 filmag*. 
 
 Original copiee in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or iiiuatratad imprea- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. Ail 
 other original copies are filmed baginning on the 
 first page with a printed or iiiustrated impree- 
 sion, and ending on the laat page with a printed 
 or illustrated Impression. 
 
 Les exempleires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier eet Imprim4e sont filmAs en commen^ant 
 par la premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 devniAre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'Impreeaion ou d'liiustration, soit par la sacond 
 plat, salon ie cas. Tous lee autree exempleires 
 originaux sont fiimto wt commenpant par la 
 premiire page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impreaaion ou d'liiustration et en terminant par 
 la darniire page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol —^-(meaning "CON* 
 TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever appliea. 
 
 Un dee symboiee suiv»nts apparattra sur la 
 darnlAre image de chrque microfiche, selon ie 
 caa: ie symbols — »> signifie "A 8UIVRE", Ie 
 symboia ▼ signifie "FIN". 
 
 trrata 
 to 
 
 pelure, 
 n A 
 
 n 
 
 32X 
 
 Mapa. plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratioa. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand comer, left to 
 right and top to bottom, aa many framea aa 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Lee cartea. planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre 
 fiimto i dee taux de rMuction diffArents. 
 Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour itre 
 reproduit en un seul clichA. 11 est filmi A partir 
 de I'angi* sup4rieur gauche, de gauche k droite, 
 et de haut en baa. en prenant la nombre 
 d'Imagea nteessaire. Lea diagrammes suivants 
 iliuatrant . nAthode. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 

 THE 
 
 NEW BRUNSWICK 
 MUSEUM 
 
 ^ 
 
 mim 
 
 ■Mi 
 
 EXTRACT FROM MINUTES 
 
 OF TUK 
 
 Cleneral Monthly Wectlag of (he Conocil of the Chamber 
 of Commerce, St. John, N. B« 
 
 DATED Gth JULY, 1858. 
 
 Mr, John Boyd, at tho request of the Board, road a paper in relation to 
 tho preaont Railways in this Province, moro especially in connection with 
 Railway oxtonuions affe.:U>i<]; tho trade of St, John, 
 
 Resolved unanimously— T\v\t tho thanks of this Board are duo and aro 
 now tendered to Mr. Boyd for the very abla document just read. 
 
 Resolved— That a Committee be appointed to procure as many copies of 
 tho above documont us they may doom necessary for distril>ution throughout 
 ithia Province, as well as in other places, under tho direction of this Board, 
 and that the Committee bo authorised to append to the document such 
 statiatical information as they may deem useful, and that tho Committee 
 bo composed of the following gentlemen, J, Boyd, J, G. G, Lay ton, Robert 
 Jardino, F. Ferguson, and S. D. Berton, Esquires, for tho above purpose. 
 
 Resolved— That in tho opinion of thid Board no timo should be lost in 
 'defiaing means, through tho Government or otherwise, for tho extension of 
 Railroadfl so as to connect with those of the United States and Canada. 
 
 CHARLES V. FORSTER, Secretary Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 A 2 
 
Au, 
 
 jWkeaii 
 hdht « 
 
 idertakei 
 I Am 009 
 
 |ir»«ld b< 
 •ndf in I 
 «ini Prr 
 
 !«lio«ldl> 
 
 ju^pi towi 
 l^uaMioa 
 |«iideii?o« 
 
 lAiilrewa 
 
 [wirakii 
 
 ftdOng 
 |«iid|broi 
 llhaftklui 
 
 _]bQaliB«al 
 
REPORT. 
 
 >" •. 
 
 .1 
 
 tH Iha ooMtnioUoa of gw»t PubUo Works in m thinly populated » 
 ftlljr M N«w Bnuuwiok, the rtrious channels in which Trade is 
 If .to nUj the benefits to be conferred upon the entire population, 
 Ihft best disposition of our means, should be carefully considered, 
 I a www to the attainment of the greatest possible benefit, for the 
 jlMgest peiiibla portion of our whole eountry. 
 
 In oonsidering the location of Railroads, we should especially bear in 
 |<aind, thai they are highways which coefc mnch, and are not to be 
 |moT«dwith every passing change of time or circumstance; thoy oon- 
 Itrol mueh, while they admit of little control ftom other sources; and, 
 [in deciding their location, local jealousies ought to be buried, and the 
 fvariotts oiroomstanoes of our Provincial standing viewed as a whole- 
 When in New Brunswiok, we are o/it, and if one member suflfer, all 
 JifUfer with it; if om prosper, all partake of the prosperity. To un- 
 I dectake a line of Railway with no higher motive than to cut oflf trada 
 Jftm one portion of onr Province in order to enrich another portion, 
 «»«ldb9 ongenerons and impolitic; but to enlarge our own trade, 
 and, in ^ spirit of honourable eompetlon, to endeavour to retain in our 
 9wn Piwinee, that which onx neighbours have cast their eyes on, 
 ahonld be our chief object. 
 
 We oomo to the consideration of this matter with the kindest feel- 
 iags toward every portion of our Province, we regard it as the great 
 quMUoa whioh directly affects all; and bearing this in mind, we will 
 «ade»voiir to treat it in such a way as will tend to the prosperity of 
 •U. Wohavo especially no hostih) feeling towards the people of St 
 Andrews: just the opponte; for if no higher consideration influenced 
 m mt know that if upon the Province there is to be laid any burden 
 |«ftt«aaon, each part must bear its share, and the assistance whioh 
 ;«*h«r plaoes rend^ makes the burden upon va by so much the less, 
 Ha» not the immense emigration f5rom Charlotte County to Minnesota 
 *l»d Oregon affisoted St. John in a degree second only to Charlotte, 
 i Md through theao the entire Province ? We know by the truest tests 
 jlhit It has ; and if, by these great Public Works, we can prevent thi» 
 osaliaual drain Westward of our best settlers, (for it is generally tho 
 "Mil Mterpiaiiig and eoeiigetic who emigrate)^ suwly the whole' Pro- 
 
/ • 
 
 1/ ^^<:^^:'rt!::::z:'" "^ - ' - ^^^ « 
 
 <■": t..o, .,„k ,,„, „,.:;„ ;':,:;::,;;;7;:'' .-.""i- « , .,„,, m, 
 
 ""ft u, .,„l L.,™^„ .h V it T^, nd ":;"" ™"''"' '" "*-" ' ''■'■«> 
 f"r W..,t, ,. boor CO, ,i ,,:"'■ "'","'"' "' ""«' Pl"-" "fll. 
 
 of 'Uo pro,... ;„ t,,„»;ii i ^;:x "« ; I'ut .,., ,.„^ 
 
 -a«,„ f,.nerdoveiop,„„„ Jn^:^;! L:"'?':''' "'■'L"'™-^. 
 
 •UoL M wo iiocU to ow,,, u„ .l,w n '^ """' *" """• '"*i« •« not 
 
 luiiwa,, a„ : aoi t; :^'r„ :r ° "'*■"'"''" "•"">• 
 
 «l>i«y jreura a,,,,, ,„a KoW ho ™1 . "" °°°'°"'" '"'"''""^ ""<• 
 f.w o.„t„ri„., tinee „ ^tZ:';,,t:j'Z iT "'" 1'""' * 
 eoantrios aimed at-^aWivard, nL . "' '"'''" Kon>pem 
 
 WW ha, no. pri,i,„^,.,,.„ Jhl* "r.'ifZ;T'"T'^ 
 
 Tie »«otrytb.tLiv„ '"!.', T*^ ™'°™ "»"•"' 
 P«'»t, bo utterly ,„eta, „he„ takc^ f^m that^b t" "°°'^'''' " *" 
 ite interior, and thcnoo baok'tol ti "°'/"'"' "' «'"» '-"o 
 
 ttodos of tlloUKht and wnnl.^- .1 ' *^''™°t!« OOBllnodilKB, 
 
 "ay be presented Z^lZZiri^ ""' ™"'*""^' »"^ ?■«»» '^I 
 ■ But while a country to,-iI.„ • ' > "«•"<!'!» "it Jm; :6»3,i«^, 
 -.be carried on in t^tk cTabo tri^"*'"'- "J' «"«<> P«««i^ 
 oaong it, people The T„ ,K 'T'' " '^*"' *™'<"' »f '«!»" 
 Wiile the .nXcif^etfn r:/,'""* *"^"^ *" "'» "-"<*. 
 
 ••M for him, the.nanrC';"oS;'''','""'"»'^^ 
 <*«' negotiating his sales- hJ ^ "iMh for him, and them* 
 
 *. wsfinf th^e iiv sepl'totc , . " """^'^ »owf«,p«nU, 
 Tte old maxim, " J„t JaU Z. "* T '""™* '° »'"' '''*^*-*W 
 ."Oh eases with fj^rfe it^l"' f^ '^ '«"»'" "M""-' 
 
 |(';^co si 
 
 Ilulturo i 
 unibcr t 
 iSricultu 
 ;.-iiiibIin^ 
 thrift an 
 |)roprIoto 
 
 {roduco ( 
 oils, free 
 Were give 
 flic recci\ 
 •11 was ti 
 lysteui en 
 |khe statisf 
 prosperit)! 
 the furme; 
 imd even 
 liho latter, 
 voured, ai 
 gone, his 
 »f the tru 
 his ruin, 
 ^hat "the 
 I Experic 
 ind cheap 
 feverse wl 
 ind d^arni 
 ^rially iac 
 ip; an a^i 
 •ofues anw 
 tioh. A f 
 jhifyj the f 
 
 In all' t\,ni 
 
 rank. Ue 
 
t 
 
 [jiH'Uul, ull ruMlun<' to 
 
 It, (I 
 
 »: 
 
 f,' to one {Miiiit, n»f! (^oiiMMidoiicu 18, uiiivci sil {{mfji- 
 
 I oiigugod. ' **•* *^ 
 
 Ono of th(5 (!liiot'rt>(jiiiromcnt;H (iCnnr (•oiiiihy U, men, wIkI, l'ii1ow[yI; 
 
 griculturo as thoir hoI 
 
 iMK'cupatMMi, pi-t'Hii- it h> iil( ((tlicrp -iiM'M who 
 
 11(1 that oar hkck- 
 >t of the cminiry, 
 Q<«P roads •react 
 
 iw will plaoo tlic 
 ittblo outlay. 
 • hin.hway» wwo 
 J«o did thiem ii 
 
 ovon Earo|)e«, 
 
 id woumtj who Nhuil 
 "Ii'iH whon they left 
 
 K"ld, uiid who can I'"" '""' '""'* '" »" •'"KUK*''! 
 <1 ill them ? They 
 t'ltwti pluci^H of the s . 
 
 '>; hut th.!y hoard t'" ""' ^" '"*^ "^''^ '^^^ tho cntitH'im'iits oC luiiihcr Hpofiili^i.mH from 
 iUMioation— .(,(• t}„. f'" «''>wer, but, in tho cud, nioro Hubrttantial nnvaids of the K.inn. .^'^'* 
 »«* growth of »ft^ . In Franco, during tho reign of tho flrnt NnjH.U-on, and iii a ibHstr 
 fio convinocdolbat r'^"'^" ^'"°^ tho army absorbod tho strong young men, h-avlng ngir!- 
 •ulturo in tho hands of women and defjv[)it old luon. , l^oro, tlio 
 lumber trade Iian brought iipon us a lik(* curMO, and it.s ofToct upoil^tliV 
 Igrieulturo of our country, hits hw.u almost identical. ITnltlt.s of 
 l^ambling and wtistefulnos.s have, in many instances, taken t^e pUfiO of 
 thrift and economy; and tho land, unciicd (or, liius bec(.me like jft' 
 proprietors, out at elbows, and out of pocket. Slen un^iMe by t1\^ 
 |ro«Iuco of thoir farms to raise .sufficient suiiplies n»r lumberiug «ipew- 
 Ipons, frequently mortgaged these firms to proc^re• supplies; then© 
 now RailroiMfe- ^^^^ ^'!'^" '^^ ^^^^ P"*''*^^ ^'* ^"^^"' *^'« "sk ruji by thq BC^vrs, and i^! 
 ^> into a oouitiy ^*^ receiver failed in his opi-nitions, us he too froqueiitly did, fanu ati^ 
 oy change, t&«y l" "^^^ ^'^^^^ ^*''"" ^"'»- The habits als(». which this gambling creJl{) 
 better. lystem engender, na shewn iu the many (lijihotiourablo failures whi^' 
 
 n bunlcs. Thij P^ statistics of these places present, do not augur, well for our futu^;o 
 ociety has niMiy pO*'P<'"*y- 0° where we niiiy though our country, we shall find that 
 "•ioiis punjuW f^^ ftirmer who has attended to his business has become indepctndeiji^ 
 lumberirig, of f^^ ^^^^ wealthy; but where one luis united farming with lumberinu* 
 norgiee to'one P^^ '^*^^' ^^^*^ Pharoah's lean cattle, has ate up the fat and well-fti?^ 
 country which i^^^'^^'^j and thus having lost all, with energies wasted, ayd property" 
 its cities ipto ^^"®' ^^^ spirits have followed his property, and tho country, instead' 
 of the true cau3e,--his own inconstancy and folly— Is cUarg^-d with 
 his ruin. In all his subsequent cliangO)^ he finds, as he li»iind hero* 
 that " the rolling stone gathers no mess." " ', '^^^ 
 
 I Experience proves that in those countries where Ibod is abundant 
 tnd cheap, there population by Emigratbu rapidly increases^ uiul Jfiji 
 leverse where food is scarce tuid dear. Wo find that fron.i the sotirqjjty 
 Ind d^arness of food, among othev cauBt»s, our popiUati9ri,^as notiyij.^ 
 ^rially iacreased during tho pjist few ye;uy. Now. wjiat we re^w;i^ 
 k; ftn agricultural population. Kv^jj^ practical working foriuor wi^ 
 «omes among ua is so much solid Aveidth in production, and coasitofrf 
 faoh. A food-producing counuuBity creates a. nmiJufactuvihg commiii 
 'pfyj the flour and the cloth mill soon rise up in thb^io locwlitios J an»- 
 — •:", YT^' •-^^'*''-= -.Tcaicu sacn a eoHiinniiitysoou' tlOeuples the fiftf 
 Jfank. Herein this Province, containing an area of 32^^b'squar? 
 
 enorji: 
 
 coun 
 
 its cities ipto 
 
 comnooditiei^ 
 
 II possess i^.po. 
 
 my plans thJAt 
 
 these purei«itg 
 siou of Jaboar 
 liis bueineegy 
 ler is growiag 
 and themev* 
 >w freqotoil^ 
 
 or bviagjBe. 
 
«ndr^p.r ™„t., „r,f.b„„, ,„; „^d„j „^ ^^.^__^^ ,^^^^ „„^., 
 
 ' - • Northu 
 
 ihelten 
 
 ro iQduoe « Hupcrior elm otcmimnU to H«ttl« l,.,r« «, * •»»»*•' 
 
 «P iho county ., thcu. Natun,hrdo„ rctlJrl^T - '^'«>-» 
 
 •«• «iuiurpM«ed water communication- nnnr^ v ^'^WK "- *fc«" 
 
 i"d,.„dtbu« brin, t.geth«;r: hZ'z^ '^ ::oI''v7^^ i^--^ 
 
 •onaumption, of import .nd export ^ ^"^"'''"i ''.'^? " 
 
 •W-; fcenee woTnd^ u:^*'*'^''^"''*'*" United StatWkt,oW 
 
 «u«;. TCd 1 2 '^"^ '"^ '^^^^ -•'^^ *»»^ 
 
 tk»«.Kh our runlT "^ T' '" °" "" "I"""' Tut llal|^ad. 
 
 <*««, free from poUfcl „dZLT 1 1 ^ T"""* '""°' i <»>" <" 
 
 •Ot to contend, LyZnuZ^T"'^^' •»"""' "«<■•' «l>«vc |dl,l.ion, 
 
 -M«««on, which hXllvT '"^°'*"?''»'' »"<" for « »mafl,oin. ib^roon. 
 
 lST., ^^ "" «en<'""»'»l and minoml district. ^^ 
 
 «. rf^^^' T ""'"'' ""' of "tfri'-Jtu™! produce and farm-labou, 
 
 ^^t:z:s^::j^-:^ -f . ho county :t: f^^ 
 
 fertile Und, which 1^ .longtirt^^' nL rlr-'^r-K*^' ""«'■'" 
 
 »l~««l~aghwhich/.„dNorth3rf^hL ° '•■"'.^-.''^ '"*"'• ' 
 IUilw»T nin. ». .1.. ° •".*"'''"'''''''> our eiislng ino of ■«M«d«» 
 
 ««i)«»tftiM, to the W,«r «dZ r^^ ^"^ ''^ toountains, the Rocky 
 
 *• «a«e of the mS„^""i?^^^^^^ States wtera tbo^, take 
 Wi*. until thej reach S^l!?.'!!'""? ^"^ ^d striking J^ow ^^ 
 
 --^., ,..^.,., ^j^ ^,gg a p.^^ t|eBcei»t,aB(i faU into 
 
 I and sap] 
 I '• brown 
 J tendering 
 i borden e 
 thisreepc 
 ^eattle; a 
 
 parched a 
 teoanoe. 
 and Gove 
 •latisticfl 
 Prod 
 
 W 
 Ba 
 Oa 
 
 Poi 
 
e h«ru tt popuUUoA 
 
 ««|Uttro inilp, whiJU 
 
 of flvo an<l nhnif 
 
 " of two thoMHand 
 
 ind Hovcnty to tho 
 
 »»5re, wo miu^t open 
 ir ui, by givip|yj Ui, 
 Jo luH part'ou ttio 
 of produc'tioVniiil 
 
 • ■'•I .•„! 
 
 ol our country can 
 nUod .^tat^H know 
 
 r away amlcl the 
 prairies* o^'^h'o'iar 
 cominurii'oatioq is 
 itugoH, w(j culpnbt 
 I., Put llailroadtf 
 I iho pale of civi- 
 urerH of HJuropi' 
 M coming horp, 
 »t which wo have 
 for li fltnalt ,oon- 
 >, bo " inonarolw 
 laid, ther^ have 
 ially where, they 
 let. 
 
 and farm-labour, 
 country whferc 
 nee, turn to ih^ 
 l>n, and to those 
 
 '.'■4 ' 'i. 
 
 existing lii^e of 
 
 » to few.'ovon oi' 
 '-famed y&lUy^ of 
 
 rhr6*gh6ut this 
 »in8y the Rooky 
 £tMt/ tbfilattce 
 where they foke 
 
 ii|t and fall into 
 
 • Ik* 8*. lAwrmKM), teUnK up tliaJr ooufw o« Um other aid*. 
 
 MMbordor uponui. Th*/ do not. m in aU Uw Aiknite Sto** «IS^ 
 I «i. run through the oountr; .nd fom m «4d ridfe. or back boot, nmtim 
 . iiio«p«bl« of cuItlv«tion. but iwMping round ua. they i«iid«r tho Ooualiai 
 ofUharloU^ Quoeoa. York. Otleton. VIotori.. lUaUgouoho. Olouoi^. 
 Northumberland, Kent, W,*tmorUnd, mad Kin'* ooo vmI and w«ll. 
 •helteivd valley, the original b«l of whieh hM not bee. dlatnrbed bv th« 
 vWent upheaving whioh made the., monntain rangea ; and throughoni 
 ^ thoae tountiea. with aome few OMtpUona, the aoil ia what it hna b«w fbr 
 ithouaanda ofywrn, rloh and fertile b^nd any Northern State of the 
 lUnion, or the Siater Province ; whil<- it othn in health an advantaaa 
 iSTH i^**^ *•"' r"?!^ *'*• Miaaia^ppi-^ .4v«itage whleh w owTS 
 |the free bracing air which ever aweepa over oor benutUnl vnUevofNeir 
 . Brvnawiek. ' 
 
 Thia fertiiity of aoil, however, doe. not apply to h»d near tha .an oo.nl. 
 
 i u^' r '■ ***' "^ ^ ^'''^ *~*^' ^'^•' -^ Maa.~5hoaetli. them k 
 lawlid rocky chain running round th. entire ooaM, extending Inwank on 
 M avwntg., thirty milea, where agrienltnre ia not M remunerativ. a. In tbo 
 interior But inaido of thia rooky bdt, which i. Uke a natural deAnce. wa 
 •ij rich in agrioulturaUnd minml wenhh, whieh, if properly worked. 
 irlU give remuneration to capital and labour, aeoond to no other porth» o^ 
 « ooontry eaat of the Miaaiaaippl. porow « 
 
 OurProvinao baa aoaietime. been likened to SeoUand and tha Northeo 
 diviaion of Ireland, but the natural eapabiUtie. of neither of the.. wiU 
 bear compariHon with thoM of New Brnnewick ; thair auperiorlty ha. been 
 wrought by their people; their indomitable energy, dirMtad bv aetenM 
 «d flupported by capital, ha. turned the turf bog. of the one, and the 
 brown heath and the shaggy wood" ofth. other, into a frnitfiil wU, 
 i tt«dering them the cattle supplier, of the large ciUee, from their Northern 
 ^ borders even down to the metropoU. of Britain. What i. our pouUon Ui 
 tUs respect? Wo have a Provhioe pmmliarly adapted to theiaWngof 
 loattle; aeagrazing country It 1. nnrarpa«ed; ourolimate hi just moblk 
 1«ough lor grass, turnip., carrot., bean., oat., and Uke crop. r«iuiied for 
 *«itUe; so true is this, that in July and August, while th.pLtnre.of 
 Onnadaand the New EngUnd State, which bonUr on the Athmtio.aro 
 JMohed and withered, oursangiMn and fertile, yiflding abundant m.- 
 tennnoe. Professor Johnston, la hk Report prepared for the I^giidatnro 
 •«d Oovernmont of New Brunswick, gives K)me interesting comparative 
 jilatisticflofour capabilities, making the 
 Production per aero of Upper Canada, 
 Wheat, . . 121 boA. 
 
 5*f^ey» . . .174 
 
 Ohio, NewBnuwwiok. 
 
 Oats,' 
 
 Rye, . 
 pdian Com, 
 Suckwheat, 
 Potatoes, . 
 8»J. . . 
 
 an 
 
 tt 
 «{ 
 (I 
 
 «( 
 (I 
 
 154 bush. 
 
 24 •« 
 
 381 ** 
 
 161 *< 
 
 214 ** 
 
 ooi " 
 
 II 
 
 171 bnah. 
 
 2 " 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 v. 
 I'..' 
 
 ':'■•■ 
 
to ■ 
 
 *a1!?' « '"> I'll Weill, 
 
 Wh«af, . 
 
 Oat«, 
 %«. . 
 
 Wiirltwh.int, 
 Ir«liiinC?()rn, 
 
 IJ 4 
 
 i ia 
 1 1:2 
 ? ifl 
 
 0. 
 
 u, 
 
 4, 
 •I,' 
 0. 
 
 •14. 
 
 1 11 0, 
 
 1 r. loi, 
 
 2 14 44, 
 
 X'rt !.'{ 0. 
 
 ft 1.1 
 
 a 
 
 4 7 
 
 A .^ 
 
 H 10 
 
 11) II 
 
 74. 
 
 <i, 
 
 0, 
 
 0. 
 
 4, 
 
 0. 
 
 gmttl, i„™«,u '""'""^ "' """" "' '■•"'' '•"•"•"y ...wilt U. 
 
 rui«ea in V\re„t.aorIu,ul. where tltrfr K '^ ."^ "*"'"""« ^^''''**. 
 grow. During the H,.m'r J '"'^ ^''^^^ would „ot 
 
 ho could raiHo any c^tily ^ "■"'" ''^ '^''"^' ""'^ ^^'^^' "-» ^^ '-»^our, 
 
 bia::^::z::i^^;;^:: "^if ?• 'r''"; ^""^^ ^ -^^ «»-'-- -, both 
 
 i« a runner wf.;^:^ Le Cn' '! ^^"^" ^'"'*"" '^^ ^^'^-*' *'««^ 
 
 a long timo that VVh-ut would n. "'^ '^'^"^ho an opinion provaited for 
 waa tested hy ^rZv.^l C^^^^^^ *'-' however, 
 
 their ilr«t o^cuorhncrt ?^^^ ' ' ^^ ^'"''"'•'' ^'^- «^^*" '^" r"«ult of 
 thirty.ov.nr;a TjlV bu;h,^:':f '"^'^^^^'' ^^«^ ^"--l -a gather^; 
 per hush.,, anctthiH Z^^l^^^^^^^ -*3^-«- -<^ -'«1^ H-- 
 
 W.U. properly attended ^. oTqwIT^T '"?"?""' "''"" '''' ^^P 
 firm of Mc.H«^.BobcrtRankin & Co ^.t; ^''""''^^''^^^''^^ ^^^-^ of the 
 his own oxDerie»,o and^I^" * ^.'- ^^^^'^ "V"'^^'^^ similar result from 
 
 iuit ( 
 
 >ttr til 
 Mrful 
 Hi«> rut 
 runii|i 
 
 Wo I 
 
 l^»l". V 
 
 WUU 
 
 tlltifttji: 
 pvofy 01 
 Ph« fm 
 
 ri itt'tiit 
 
 » rcn.l.i 
 
 1 a pr 
 
 AnuroH 
 
 ■riio octi 
 
 iivo (loti 
 
 A«) vory 
 
 » In thp 
 
 fcttvti farii 
 
 ibr whici 
 
 ^lUH for ( 
 
 lioritM, tl 
 
 tot thu qt 
 
 ♦nco, hav( 
 
 iprhich wo 
 
 |TncIo Sai 
 
 ywirH a^o 
 
 trough t tl 
 
 •untry 
 
 :2,ooo. 
 
 lUed in u 
 ••ro in nofl 
 lOadH with 
 ■lerH do wii 
 
 Last Sun 
 lOio by riot 
 flOtlo, fron 
 diBlerB are 
 Jbrchasers 
 tfttion from 
 vo diatanc< 
 lilling from 
 ii ioast, £ 
 
 I 
 
11 
 
 mil Contlnoiit, a^ 
 r"iN[)activ«) m.irkrttt, 
 fe txpimv ill tfid lb!- 
 
 WW Rn I tin wick, 
 
 xn I.J «». 
 
 r. 1-1 
 a 
 
 4 7 
 
 A ^ 
 
 H 10 
 
 U) li 
 
 74. 
 
 «, 
 n. 
 
 0, 
 
 tlio %Aw prioo W9 
 
 •"•r ndil, ufmHim} 
 
 It will bo bortM) 
 
 Oliii), iiro foimdrvj 
 
 ta OaU iiMro, atMl 
 
 <'tmiifry ini;<|it bo 
 
 ^▼o wo not udvaa- 
 '«-k,lJuttor,C;lion«B, 
 uil tliiM our own 
 folia supplitw u« 
 ^ttttcM witli Klour 
 
 I'loolyiitidiiijjo* 
 don, ut our vory 
 
 Htiiiidinii; VVho*t, 
 '^lioiit vvoultl nyt 
 UN lio Imd rauud 
 > muu to luliuur, 
 
 iiiNliiiio ur« both 
 "i" Wheat, thery 
 ior Wheat, ttoj 
 'lout oiilturo ia 
 ►■'•'ii uiiicli more 
 >» j)ro vailed for 
 
 tluN, howov«r, 
 ncoti MToro iao«t 
 to tho r«*iult of 
 
 and gathered 
 und a-Jialf llw. 
 wlion fche crop 
 ™, Ksq., of tho 
 ir roHiiltH from 
 PttI StHJiety of 
 
 P"" I •■i.«ini«.. ,«,.! iiu,.i, „.„. ,....,, .,." ' , ■, ',/^"' """ '■"•»- 
 
 ■r .llXv '." ; '"" "^ "•" '"'"'''•'■'' '""l"'l" "f <lru« S«J 
 
 .u. ^::^i:iz:::::;~'"zi!' i,""';i'.^ h 
 
 liftrlfN M.,.f 1^ !• . . "'"""» *-»•»''. iinJ Hi) well OHtiih M lod urn Ita 
 
 i«arH a«o, thoro wan no nal "/. •"'"''"'T^' *''^'>"o''' whiol.. t^,r^- 
 
 l-ught'thom hcrerir;tr\.n ;"T p'"'"'^''" '^ ^'"^" ''^■ 
 4unfrv nP ♦!, * ; '^ "^ ^^'^ Province, tho cxponflo to thW 
 
 PfM f Vh "^^■'"" """■''"" "'"' ''-"'•'"' that S-ttl" .t wL 
 
 ■PFH uo With the jsimo ground to work upon ? 
 
 litior. from hu nkcom ,.../p.r° .' "■ "''"'"""y "f tran^»- 
 
 «n, fro™ ,rjr:;:cLT;!:'r.tr„.''h!!!! -"■' '-^^^^^^^^ 
 
 • io«i, ilSOO, he did not obtain "/m""-' ''■'''"•■'°' ''™°"' '"'"'' •«" 
 
 
It 
 
 To shew that thoe« great Public >V'ork>* ca»w« population to flow into « 
 owintry, wo havo bolbre ub Canada and tho United States as noted oxasnplM 
 tMr Canals and Railwayn did moro than aught olso to draw public atton- 
 faon thitherward, ana tiio vaHt oxpondituro has boon amply ropaid in moo 
 wd productionH: tho opening of thi< Erie Canal in tho State of Now York 
 ftvo a start to that State, which wiw folt at once, e?on to the extromo 
 «Mt«rn States. Twenty years ago Canada oxpoudod four millions in cut- 
 ting Caualfl tlirough he.- country— that country through which runs the 
 tnagnifi.ent St. Lawrence. Hor people mvid they were ruined— they cried 
 out against the policy which would entail such a burden upon them ; th» 
 mtiBh Covernm<mt hoard their cry, and in pity guaranteed the debt', and 
 Wfcat was the result? Those Canals that wore to causo ruin, made their 
 country. Wheat worth only Is. Gd. in tho backwoods, was selling at 5» 
 OB tho 3ea-board, the cost of transportiition making the dilTorence in price 
 whkOh was thus lost to tho farmer, who, when Canals enabled him to pUoe' 
 it in the maricet, obtained 48. Gd., tho l<.ssonod cost of transportation being 
 to hw benefit. And yet some of these farmers wore loudest at first in 
 condemnation of those Caunls, like their brethren in England, who, with 
 dogB and guns, hunted Goorgo Stephenson and his men off their land, when 
 he attempted to make surveys for a work which was to raiso their country, 
 and especially themselves, to the iiigkost point of prosperity. 
 
 Wherever we find Railways poprtrating, there we find population in- 
 creafling onormoujly over those places wliere they are not. Has our popu- 
 lation increased during the ptxst few years outside of our City? has not our 
 country population rather decreased ? How different in the United States. 
 Take the City of Chicago for instance , five years ago there were only forty 
 miles of Railway connected with it ; thoro are now in various directions 
 2800 miles of Railway ; and in these five years there have been 60,000 souls 
 added to its population— these being fed and supported, and a noble City 
 bnilt by tho emigrants who have gone into tho surrounding country. 
 
 And that this rapid Increase is not confined to one City, the foUowns 
 4tatement shews : — 
 
 Buffalo, 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Sandusky, 
 
 Toledo, . 
 
 Detroit, 
 
 Chicago, . 
 
 Milwaukee, 
 
 1840. 
 
 18,280 
 6,670 
 1,434 
 1,222 
 9,400 
 4,170 
 1,710 
 
 1850. 
 
 42,200 
 17,735 
 6,008 
 1,819 
 21,890 
 20,000 
 21,400 
 
 1855. 
 
 75,000 
 55,000 
 10,000 
 15,000 
 40,000 
 80,000 
 40,000 
 
 This advance in the population of these Cities can be traced up to one 
 ••urce, and the Cities show the progress of the c.<untry around : they are 
 <io use a commercial metaphor) like the Index to our Ledgers, pointing 
 oot where the solid figux-ss of tho account may be found. 
 
 We see the State of Illinois, which five years ago had a population of 
 three-fourths of a million with ninety-five miles of Railway, it has now a 
 |»puiation of nearly two millions, and a connection with 2400 milec of 
 
 ilkilway, 
 Mwadva 
 l^itain 
 ifying tc 
 fin boec 
 ihd tho 
 liaaopeii 
 Occupied 
 ■arcely i 
 m chang 
 Anded U 
 louse, J 
 IPi ftnd i 
 |l covered 
 j| writer 
 €ng artic 
 After not 
 ties whici 
 
 *• additioi 
 
 *• manure 
 
 •• of live 
 
 •• tho coni 
 
 ^cultivdt 
 
 *« for the 
 
 " the last 
 
 ** the Cha 
 
 *• dinner, 
 
 *• ceding i 
 
 *' long, ht 
 
 " 700,000 
 
 ^' sheep, 1 
 
 V Who ca 
 
 ** feed in*;, 
 
 m i'aigl 
 
 changiis 
 
 put upo 
 
 Of the i 
 
 writes :— ' 
 
 " a small 
 ** thirty y 
 " hour, w 
 ** menced 
 " tested it 
 " five tons 
 ♦♦that Ra 
 ** longer c 
 " Croydou 
 *« of the lo 
 " but all I 
 •* horses, r 
 ♦* now-a-di 
 f* one hun( 
 'place." 
 
I 
 
 18 
 
 lation to flow into k 
 )« ns noted oxainplea : 
 i draw public attea- 
 mply ropaid in m«Q 
 
 State of Now York, 
 •von to the oxtromo 
 four millions in cut- 
 igh which runs the 
 ) ruined — they cried 
 m upon them ; th» 
 ntood the debt, and 
 10 ruin, made their 
 I, was soiling at 5». 
 > dilTorenco in price, 
 nuMod him to place 
 runsportution being 
 
 loudest at first b 
 Ingland, who, with 
 iff their land, when 
 niso their country, 
 •ity. 
 
 ind population in- 
 >t. ilas our popu- 
 
 City? has not our 
 the United States. 
 re were only forty 
 various directions 
 ( bean 60,000 souLi 
 , and a noble City 
 ng country, 
 'ity, the following 
 
 1855. 
 
 75,000 
 
 55,000 
 
 10,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 40,000 
 
 80,000 
 
 40,000 
 traced up to one 
 iround : they are 
 ledgers, pointing 
 
 1 a population of 
 ay, it has now a 
 ih 2400 miles of 
 
 ■ailway, towards which the State advanced four millions and Tma^ 
 ma advanced in price tliero from 5h. to 50s. an acre. The capitalista o^ 
 A^itain have furnished the moans to construct these liuect, and it is noi 
 iiying too much, when we assert, that the capital invested in those plaoe* 
 ma be equally well obtained by us. In the life of George Stephenson we 
 illd the following example bearing on this point : — When the Railway 
 HM opened in 1825, the site of the future metropolis of Cleveland w«» 
 picuplodby one fannh-)iii»j; fill ar.jund waH paaturo laud or mud banke, 
 ibrculy another house in wi^ht, l)ut by means ol" the coul export trade, to 
 1^ changed in its character by Rnilways. We find when the Line is er 
 
 tnded to this place, Docks are excavated, Churches, Schools, Custom 
 ouse. Mechanics' Institute, Banks, Shipyards, and Iron Factories spring 
 fip, and in a few years, the site of the solitary farmhouso and outbuilding|i 
 H covered by one of the most important towns on the east coast of England J 
 A writer in the last number of the London Quarterly Review, in an intene- 
 ing article on the Progress of Englisli Agriculture has the following :— 
 4ftor noticing the advantages of Agricultunil KxhibitionH, and the facili- 
 ties which Railways have rendered to them in vurious wayw, he nays, "when in 
 ** addition we consider the mountains of coal, iron, timber, artifiok) 
 ••manures, lime and chalk convoyed in the one direction, and the quantity 
 *.*of live stock and corn in the other direction, we cannot help coming to 
 "the conclusion, that George Stephenson's locomotive has been the greet 
 1 cultivator of the farmer's mind, and tins farmer's land, the creat agent 
 wfor the extraordinary advance which British agriculture has made within 
 •* the last quarter of a century. Very significant were the figures whi«h 
 r the Chairman of the Jiistcrn Counties Railway gave at the Chelmsfori 
 V dinner, when he told his farmer friends, that'in the course of the pre- 
 f ceding twelve months, the lines over which ho presided, which were not 
 ! teAn^ ^'^°^*^y''^ 24,000 tons of guano, and other portable manures, 
 
 • 700,000 quarters of grain, 550 sacks of flour, 71,000 beasts, 380,000 
 i! wuP' ' *^"^ ^^ ^^^ *"*^ poultry, and 43,000,000 quarts of milk • 
 \ \\ ho can estimate tlio value of the money rewards, held out to breedine 
 
 feeding, and corn growing;, in the shap^' of tlios'3 4000 mios of Railway 
 in iuigland, and how little are men, who live in the midst of these 
 changes, conscious of their magnitude until the results are collected and 
 put upon paper." 
 
 Of the improvements in this respect in England, Charles Knight thus 
 mites :— «« The firat track line in England was one passing through Croydon 
 « a small single line, on which a miserable team of loan donkeys, some 
 •< thirty years ago, might bo seen crawling at the rate of fu.r miles an 
 " hour, with several trucks of stone and limo behind them ; it was com- 
 "menced in 1801, finished in 1803, and the scienti.'.o men of that day 
 " tested Its capabilities, and found that one horse could draw some thirty- 
 " five tons, at six miles an hour, and then with prophetic wisdom declar^ 
 ♦•that Railways could never be worked pro.'ltably. Lean donkeys no 
 " longer crawl leisurely along the little rails with trucks of stone throueh 
 
 • Croydon, once, perchance, during the day, but the whistle and the rush 
 
 • ^*^ J"« '"comotive are now hwird all day long. Not a few loads of lime, 
 ' but all London and its contents, by oomparitwu— m:;n, women, children, 
 
 horses, oxen, sheep, pigs, oarriagee, merchandi/e, and food,— seem to be 
 
 »' nOW-a-daVS pawino- thrtlinvh f>rrn7dnn f/^j,. floTT ->f»-^~ Ap~ i.1 „- 
 
 I one hundred journeys are made' by the great Raih-oada which pass n'e 
 * piace. * 
 
mmm 
 
 l»m«r8 t,, our pmgrcM i„ t|,i. direction. WM, m .m„o ,o™ t«l2 
 upon K,„l,v„y,, „.„ portion „f,ho,„ fonuoHv r..g„r.l,,l ,i"rant^!ol 
 "Jl«-lop.r, wU !,„„ no ri,-,,t h„r,, „nd who ,« 1, L T^" L Z 
 P««n.I.n,l» which ..,„y„„a ehoir fi.tlu,,, i„l„.riw. \ 1 T l* 
 
 ^zr,";r-"""""°, "-"""i"™™ "f «-«-'- whid, other iri 
 
 upon prop, rty, and which the cxporionoo of thw p.Jlo tciche, ■ ,on. 
 .avo ulroady had « full .har„ of thi, i„„r«.,„d vah,n',f proper y,,'! It 
 autapato u largo pro,p.ctiro hcnolit. And, therefor., it'i/tha wo k 
 
 irr;:ixt:i;r'"^''"' "'-^-^' "■«— • --•■ 
 
 Minister, alon, with hi, .on, the prol: tl^^ tTsZT^Z 
 of Br,dgt,watcr and other, ; while it ha, been „tal„d that o t c'^a on 
 
 K.We„or.„„. there. Bnt\ho prtt,'t„!Z ^ tt:,';.!;^,^! 
 «.on beeanu, .0 palpable, that thee „,„„, i„ „ ,,,„« time were loTd™ 
 ,n Uo.r pra„e, and we And the Marqui, of Bri.tol, a few^Iir XJ: ^ 
 
 Wh_I„« verydrawu,«-ro„,n, rather than be defeated in their under- 
 
 II wa, said before ),y George Stephenson, that Hallway, wore to ho the 
 
 the Railroad,, a'nd the Kailro^ds^rrkrthe 1 t'-T ',"' T 
 
 S ^T ^ r '''^'"'^''' °'''' '^'•'^^>'^^0 «° ^ common road from 
 
 K^ror d Lot.p round Lako Tomisoouta towards our boundary lino amU 
 U« tenu.nu«, .n the very heart of our wiIdornoa«, flour and ™ L" a^ 
 been sod ,V8 cheap as within fifty miles of the City of S John b, 
 
 her em.grat,oa system is complete, and her resources are being 1'^; 
 moat of, 80 that her character in the Old World is estahlisl^rvl ,'*"'' 
 
 trrr" " "- '"--• '"-^ --"^ *- t:*:tr oix it; 
 
 Jbelrr ™'S™"''° «J-"™. but wo have reason to believe this will 
 
 -Clr^'e ^ieZ tStr b"T '• "»' ^"' »~^-i Clipper 
 !-t y^oum imrdiy be known boyuud Downing street ; and 
 
!' UiiilwuvH licro, jw 
 10 oppoHitiun of tho 
 n largo land ownoM 
 nd them tlio f^roat 
 Homo Hcom to look 
 "I omij^rantN — mort) 
 iin;5 to tlostroy tho 
 To uH tliiw Hoonis 
 licli othor ooiintrioH 
 )piilatiun Juvvo put 
 plo tuiiclieN ; 8om(. 
 proportj.mid must 
 t is that wo think, 
 7 Hhould, at least, 
 
 samo chiHHos who 
 thoro, Foromost 
 ho prosont Prlnio 
 I 'Softon, tlio Earl 
 oftho.t28f3,00(),- 
 ic puckots ofthirt 
 ikon, a<ld(.d to the 
 lis opjwsing class 
 1080 improvomontfl 
 irao, wore loudest 
 years afterwards, 
 ;ht niako a tunno' 
 1 in their undor- 
 
 'H were to ho tho 
 
 lad said what ha^ 
 
 untry but make 
 
 Canada under- 
 
 During tho past 
 nnon road from 
 hiry line, and at 
 1 provisions have 
 f St. John ; hut 
 ;r roads, because 
 
 being made the 
 shed, and when 
 Is of which they 
 
 believe this will 
 irpassed Clipper 
 ling street; and 
 
 1^ 
 
 jar resource- uro ohiolly huriod in tho earth. Canada ab.orb« all attention 
 
 |ring to her own boldness in putting forth hor clauuH. a,.d, in a g"reat 
 
 |o.isuro too, OWU.S to the notion whieii tho JJritish (iovoru went was' 
 
 |rcod to t;vko of her, when they nssumed t!io r-Jp^nsihilities of her Canal 
 
 »|. . Lut are those claims, when fairly 1 , ,k, d at, superior to ouri? 
 
 Jpst week we met a mechanic who loft New Hr.iiu.wiok for Canada two 
 
 gars ago; ho Ims l.ved in its most progresnivo city, and also in the very 
 
 ipart of .t« gra.n-growing country, but his e:;p„rience is, that for a work 
 
 g man, .Now lirunswick is the best, and t'ut if wo had one quarter thoir 
 
 Ivan agos ,n oapUal and Railroads it w >ald he superior. Now that wo 
 
 ve these m prospect, ho has returned, and many who, like him, had loft 
 
 , arc!, like him, ] repariiig to return. ^ 
 
 ,rn' • ^r!'^' ^^"^'""\ "^ ^''"' ^''^' '"^'^ "" '' y^'-'' «">«^ f'-t I'O WaH ' 
 
 irpnsed at lie state of our I>rovince. •' Why,"' said he, ''you are ro- 
 
 ^d. but [shall tell them when I go back, that they know nothing about 
 bu foi 1 have no leed mure intelligence, more prosperity, and real wealth . 
 ^money and lands among tho country people of your Province, than I havo' 
 Er W r «7" ^l'^^^'-'^ m Pennsylvania," the Garden of the United 
 
 l^rl'r .1 '■;.''""''^ ""'^''^ ''' "^">' ^''"' ""-^ «1'"™« for settlers. 
 
 % such an emigration as Canada has had we must look for men who 
 .ve means to invest, heads to think, and hands to elfect ; and to a thorough 
 B tern of emigmtion earned out on a broad intelligent liberal plan, must 
 
 ,d::::;.::r;;:-r:::;r " ''-'- '-''' '--'^ '- ^-^^ ^^- ^- 
 
 |Oar people are too much afraid of incurring public debt, whatever may 
 ^«a.d of private debt; and tho present small amount o^our P o „c" 1 
 ^bt makes us contemptible in the eyes of those who seek investments 
 
 fchn ' 7p TP''''^"' ^"''* of twenty millions, .vhilo our debt 
 f»on tho present Railroad to Shodiac is completed will not bo ono million 
 ^papulation of Can.da is two millions, while ours is about ono-Tonth of 
 tt^H, t!ia in every way our debt is proportionably less than that of 
 ^n da. J hoir bonds are selling la London at ll.^i,* ours at 108^. Had 
 ^indebtedness been larger, we should have been more enquired after, a 
 
 Zdsl iT^ r t ^"^""^T'''"' '' ^^" ''' '' individuals. And Canadian 
 Sres fS- ^7"««f7,^-- '^^ f- --y years before the monied ' 
 Merest of Britain, heralded by pretensions which we must acknowlediro 
 h^o been fully justified in their operation: ours aro at a lower r2 
 ^uso wo are comparatively unknown there. Wo were not before tho 
 «^ied public in any shape until 1855: tho first sale of Now Brnnsw ok 
 
 ^du'air d "'•""' ''"?'' "°'^'^°"^' ^'^ ^' P-' -^ - have In 
 g«d«ally advancing, even in tho face of the great panic, as our resources 
 w«Te enquired into ; and when we are better known in the British market, 
 ^^r Bonds will rate r ■, high, if not higher, than any security which British 
 — ^•- li -xiiieriea can oiier. 
 
1(1 
 
 »«•, if w. r«nain « w *w ; b«t the cpitl we n«eive wiU give ua .d- 
 
 «Uhon wouWbe harder to b*, than will be a future debt of two miUio J 
 fa U. .mpro^ oondUioo of our country, brought about by the incrS 
 fc^hUesfor tr^ieand production which th«e great Public WorkelS 
 
 Bat it iB Mid by iome, let m see how the present line will pay before we 
 oonUnueUin another dilution. There caLot be greaterXh-" 
 ^e on .uch a h^ for the pr««nt line, iaolatcd. commencing and endi^ 
 ^yT^I"""' Railway connection, cannot under such circu^ 
 •toncee be exported to pay. So that it would be unfair to condemn a line 
 « unworthy of continuation, when the real neceeeitiee which make up iL' 
 
 a^wiraiTr ''"':? ''' ^" '="*^'" ^^"^ ^"^ ^ connected ii^J 
 
 W oS mTlL f p '^ °* "" ' P*'*"'"^ *'" '^ '^"'•°«« ^h'«^ » done by 
 
 12,000 milee of Railway weetward and prospective hundreds northward 
 
 the paymg qualitie. of the whole line can be fiilly teeted. but not S' 
 ^emoneynow investedin Railways here cannot be rej;::!;'^ ^'e 
 
 S^i^ ;i."""""'"*"°°'''' must expend another million, anrthe 
 adrantages of this course must appear to the least thoughtful 
 Ftom our previous remarks it will bo seen that we have had iu vie^v 
 
 wo Ideas: one. a connection with the larger commorci.l communitiro. 
 
 h«contment; the other, abetter mode of communication through the 
 
 htlZ%et^Vtjr °"' ^^-^-^^P^'-. ^I^-n^t 
 
 ^.Q^nS"®"'"'"' °^ Railway, when finished in 18G0. will have co«i 
 £800,000 ; of this £600.000 are for construction, and £2^0:000 for rdl^ 
 tock and stations Now if that line pay only three ^ cent, over work 
 ng expenses, which, we think, it will do, we can then spend £400 000 on 
 Railways e^ewhere, this throe per cent, on £800,000 providing for that 
 which, with £100.000 which St. John itself should Jumo ^'a pr^^rU 
 tex. would provide for this extension of the line westward seventy mU^ Z 
 
 There have been two surveys made to the westward in this Province • th e 
 wuthem survey, which runs along the coast, would not we believe prove so 
 
 ^vantageous as the northern, for in the latter, with the exception of a short 
 dMtenceateithcr end.we have a country, rich and fertile.through which a road 
 
 ^be easily „«de.andalongwhich the tracts for settlement are of themost 
 fevorab lecharacter. By taking this course through the Nerepisand Douglas 
 
 Valley,jomingtheSt.And™UnonorthoftheOromoctouL.wenoton?; 
 secure a nch country, but the line is brought within twenty miles of Z 
 
 4-140,000, and which should be carried on at the same time, Fredericton, like 
 
 W. John, assuming a due proportion of the cost of this line. 
 
 But some mav object on Uw» ivn-t ^f at Jnhn *- , »^ -• - , - 
 
 , ^ . , „. .^fc. uyan, nj aetraiiie uny awect habii- 
 
 Ifc' in thii 
 iiiii'fl |))( 
 ieiiig in ( 
 •fc' iiitaro 
 %rci> tuill 
 •lilt? wu 
 iRiyfe? It 
 
 tir shilli 
 1 if wo ' 
 lupjirod 
 hich thii 
 ngor at 
 lose advi 
 irough 01 
 •rthorn c( 
 JPfiiisinvortl 
 ||wai-d for 
 4Nofc only 
 <igo^ from 
 (fHouc'isHtor, 
 l^ilwayn c( 
 «p:i!.s canno 
 ptrnonk lam 
 Rtince Edw 
 ton, and N( 
 they are at 
 Rrovince, ai 
 1 Siuih is 
 instruction 
 •ilopted, ant 
 irt once. 'W 
 •iohn, runnir 
 
 tOHt to Eli 
 former c 
 Wttlvvay, by \ 
 St» Andrews' 
 oj^ mind the 
 tVfe. Fredei 
 to|iono otiier 
 ti^ into flour 
 ▼Mt facilities 
 ^ho object 
 ^hin the rai 
 wn as the 
 fS cliai'igod 
 >m at Bttng( 
 
• and thin u qoiie 
 re wiU give us ad- 
 ent debt of half a 
 >t of two millioiu), 
 t bj tho increaaed 
 ablio WorkR wii) 
 
 ir 
 
 rill pay boforo we 
 iter folly than to 
 SDeingand eoding 
 der such ciroum>^ 
 > condemn a line, 
 liich make up its 
 •e connected with 
 ivhlch is done by 
 Ireda northward, 
 , but not before. 
 «lled. To make 
 nillion, and the 
 ul. 
 
 avo had in viev* 
 
 communities of 
 
 ion through the 
 
 iry importance. 
 
 will have ooet 
 •,000 for rolling 
 ent, over work- 
 nd £400,000 on 
 riding for that, 
 3 as a property 
 Jeventy miles to 
 rveyod through 
 
 1 Province ; th e 
 Jclieve prove so 
 )tion of a short 
 jh which a road 
 are of the most 
 lis and Douglas 
 tes.we not only 
 y miles of tiwi 
 an expense of 
 'odericton, like 
 
 y direct iiabil- 
 
 •".•« ro,,kel 1, „lte„ tho truort t«t of hi. .i„,,,,.y. ,u„Vr« 1 r'of our ' 
 • ■ u,t.r,..t, ,„v„lvo,l i i„ tl,o City of St. Joi,,,. ,!,„„ ,, ,va| „t;.l,. ra u "d Z 
 
 »J.. la .ochun o,tra tuatlon u« w.,ula ],o xt)m> a v™r or alwut 
 
 a,il«,, «, bo earn., tto' . ^{^r^r' ""'"°"^^- *""'' 
 
 fiieyaroat onco brought Li I """^ ^^' '^''^ P^^"'« "^ «°"tr«» 
 fto'vince. as w^U^f ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ *^« -^ro of trade in our 
 
 ^^iir s:::^ -r r :;2crr ^ r^ ^^ "^ ---^ -^ 
 
 •floptod, and toward which, Wo Uevf alT o ^'*'^ !?'" *^ ^"^^ 
 
 »* once. We refer to thr, iZl TV ""'^ ^"''Sies should bo directed 
 Jah„, runlg ;t law h" ir^f "« ^h^-S^^ the Vall.j of the St. 
 %OHtto£olW,oTin^^^^^^^^ 
 
 former cours3. ^oin-^S wo' h 15 ^'"^°"°'°° '" ''' ''«--• ^^ 
 way, by the latti, tlktg F;el;^^^^^^^ T""' '^''^"^ ""^^^ "^"^« '' 
 m Andrews' line near Eel rL, we vol ' ''"'''' '"^ ^"^^''^^^'J^S the 
 Of mind the advantages of this itor - '"^''''' "'"' ''''^ """''' ^° 
 4. Frederictou is now tho clt'o "f 1^.' "*^1^' ^''^ ^''"^^ ^^P^"^'" 
 tOfiono other in our Province • fr^n, v *u' ^Sricultural country, second 
 
 ill* into flourishing settlemonts', and^ ^'i road ^T'l T''^''" ''''^' ^'''^■ 
 Vitf/acilities for the fuller settlement of h„. r"" * ^'''"'^^'^ ^'^"'^ '^^'' 
 
 fho object of tho Americans ut n ^''' ''"°*'y- 
 4l>m the range of their CommercVtho?'" ^f *''°^' ^^""t'T, a> 1 bring- 
 ll^wu as the Aroostook an.l 17.1 u''' T^ ''^'^ '^ "^^ lands which are ,. 
 
 jg-astheAr.s.okandwa:::irr^r"^^ 
 
 -«TcCwaugoutneii' views on the adv<infn«. r*!!' V,' ' ^^^ ^^'i= y^^puai: thcj 
 
 > at tagor, p„,hu,g oa J, itX 11 Sh„r« routo,»nd wo now find 
 
 . 1- b u w iimroto, eaa iq a ttort timo tlioy wiU hare 
 
 
 .w 
 
■an 
 
 H 
 
 • ooiMMotlon with th» St. Androw. lln«, where we tuould be prepared to 
 moot thoin from our sido. Wo may ro«t OMured that tho highor up on tfie 
 proaant lino wj urj c mnoctod with tho Njrtli, tho rajro Hursly will the 
 trade contro horu, ami tlio m;)ro dirwt will bothoadvantig.w t ) tijo Provln," 
 and to U8. If W.3 lo.k at tlio Map of our Province, wo find thin upp t 
 country of i.n.nonHo oxtont ; from all quarters wo hmr marvolloue account. 
 Of it8 fertility— of itH rich prairio land—itt. maj^nificent m;xnhm-itH un- 
 •urpasaod water privil <go8. Can such a country |„ng remain unknown t, 
 tho groat m.isflL.8 sojking a now location? and will not thosa wh(., tirat, hy 
 good cjinmunicition, sjouro tlio tr.ide of such a country, rjtaia it / Tli- ■' 
 arc soriou8 cjU(,stiona for us to conildor, and wo can soo bat ono dirk an- 
 swer, which proaanfc nugloot on our part will moro than justify. 
 
 During tho proaont Sumraor, thoro is an omigrati')n of 10.000 GormaiiN 
 going in ono body Into tho Aroostook, and soon will theso draw 20.000 and 
 before wo aro aware of it, that fine country will bo a busy hivo of industry 
 yielding wealth in rich abundance ; shall wo not bid for a part of it ? 
 
 Our River, running through the groater part of this imaonso territory „i 
 Maine and Now Brunswick, having its outlot in our harbour, renders thi. 
 the natural shipping p >rt of this country. No railroad can deprive us d 
 this great river advantage, but a road througli American territory, with no 
 branch on our side, may direct much trade from us. With river and rail 
 road mooting hero, those united, must secure to us nearly all the trade oi 
 that immense Country. 
 
 There are somo who say wo require no railway hero, that tho rivor h 
 sufficient. But, for five months in the year, our rivor is closed ; railroads 
 are always open ; the railway goes through tho heart of tho country, op -n. 
 mg up and settling it, and all experience proves, that whorovor railways and 
 water have come into competition, tho advantages of tho former over tin 
 latter greatly prevail, while together they make increased work one for the 
 other. 
 
 ^ ad vane 
 ibjing' 
 
 • III V\<y 
 (Kmpii'ii 
 
 far'l ligi 
 || opin 1 
 ||ntan1 
 
 Jioe, (fci 
 ad) up 
 lia, 1 it 
 
 aofi(')l, I 
 91. John 
 in, &o., 
 ring tJi 
 irobor al 
 
 Making 
 
 ., . , '.'■•" "^°" i""-'t'"^'^'"'° l"^'"*"'Kaieu ov ine onnonents Tho 
 
 " ZZtZ'trrT'' were .stouniled bytho fact! that r^LXtandi 1 
 tiie immense traffic by rail, their own continued to inereuse— tho cittl' 
 owners were equally surprised to find the price of horse f£h i.erean^^ 
 
 •• Sn wkliTl rr;! "' '^'-''^^'' '''l ""'"'•^^'* '^''''^'' '•^""'".^ J" conned 
 
 " {£ ui L LT'""'' g'J''"g;"'P ^y™^"? to a greater number of horses 
 
 •• from W,J«ft "?"''? ff *•""' 'h« ^8"«"'t"ral communications, ho far 
 
 irom being destroyed,!^ had been predicted, wore immensely improved- the 
 
 for e^ mone^, whilst they obtained a readier access to tho best maK 
 tor their stock and produce." "iarKtis 
 
 ''Owners of land, who had fought before Parliament against railwavs 
 and compelled them to pass wide of their domains at greatly increasS 
 
 •*aCommoditr^^,t•' "7 ft?' °"^' ''' ^'^^^In^An^ fu^stifti^n 
 actommodation, Ihose who held property near towns, and had extorted 
 
 " if'£-,T!:?I:^°"?P«?'V*^'>"/«'^ *he anticipated deterioration in the vaS 
 " " '<i"uunj iuau, found a a«w aemaua lor It springing up at greatJv 
 
 Btviides lu 
 
 *ira8 usod 
 
 Ind railrc 
 
 tbovo Wc 
 
 ivo milllo 
 
 luber ai 
 
 ^erago, 1 
 
 ok, taki 
 
 1 Th.-; cos 
 'ib the wa 
 9g tlirou 
 Hot exceec 
 iban £1,C 
 ||tid nothi 
 Mnt time 
 pm, and 
 0f tho mai 
 Ibat these 
 |er cent. ( 
 tided for,a 
 ^n and M 
 
 i springing up at greatJv jT , , 
 
 ifwuld not 
 
 f 
 
uould ba prop&red to 
 
 tht) hlghor lip on the 
 
 ura Mur-'ly will the 
 
 iUgm t ) tli'j Proving 
 
 wi) find tliiH uppor 
 
 inarvullouB aocuiint« 
 
 ent inaraheo — itM un- 
 
 romain unknown to 
 
 ; tho8J who, tirat, by 
 
 y, rjtaiii it? Tiirj 
 
 00 bat ono dirk an- 
 
 1 justify, 
 
 of 10,000 GormatiD 
 38;) draw 20.000, and 
 my hivo of industry, 
 >ra part of it? 
 iiniounso tJrritory of 
 arbour, rondors thin 
 d can deprive us of 
 n tarritory, with no 
 With river and rail- 
 fly all the trado of 
 
 19 
 
 >'^iai 
 
 advanotMl prices ; land too was advortisod for salo with tho attraction of 
 bjinj^ » noar a railway station.' " 
 
 In th<MT oxtr.iots wo havo travolhd rathor beyond our prosmt pnrposo, a 
 tmpirism of R)vl ami Rivitradvanta^tM. It is n;)t njowHiry to hrinrj for- 
 ,rJ fl)^ur IS t ) sljnw thu immorisi trado now dono on our St. John river ; it 
 opm to obsorvation ; but as those give us a more duflnito idea of the ex- 
 t an 1 valua of this trado, wo ra;vy allude to tho quintity of gojds, pro- 
 00, Ao., wliich pwijd through Froduricton in thu Summer of '53, u 
 idi> uphyMr. \V. A. M* Loan, who had charge of the chief portion of them. 
 liH, lot it h) n )t vl, irt only a portion of the trada, miny articles are not 
 tiool, and no nuntion is mid) of pasaangur traffic. Thoro pasaod up from 
 . John what wis equal to 80,000 barrels, jl being to Woodstock, IIoul- 
 in, &c., i t) t!io Arojstook and Tobiquo, and \ to the Grand Palls, and 
 rinr tlie sam i pjriod there passed down of American manufactured Pino 
 ibor alone " 
 
 20 Million Shingles, worlh £0 15 
 8 •' Clapboards, 
 3 •' Boards, 
 10,000 Bushels Oats, 
 5,000 " Potatoes, 
 CO Tons Buckwheat, " 
 30 " Oatmeal, «« 12 10 
 f Making in these articles alone coming down, 
 the sum of 
 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 f> 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 
 .iobs 
 
 per M. 
 
 
 
 
 
 per bushel. ] 
 '« 
 per ton 
 
 
 0, that tho rivor U 
 is clos3d ; railroad) 
 ' tho country, open- 
 orover railways and 
 tho former over the 
 d work ono for the 
 
 nson's Life:— "Tin 
 38, Hoon proved the 
 le opponents. Tho 
 ut notwitlistandinf 
 ncroasu — the cattl" 
 irsu flesh inereasini' 
 runninp; in conncc- 
 r nunibor of horses 
 muiiications, ho far 
 »8t?ly improved; the 
 and other supplies 
 ) the best raarketii 
 
 against railways, 
 eutly increased ox- 
 nd neiirer station 
 , and had extorted 
 •ation in the value 
 ging up at gr^tl\ 
 
 £51,975 
 
 iosidos large quantities of Butter, Cheese, Cloth, &c., in addition to what 
 Mras used there, a production which could havo been increased by population 
 |nd railroads thirty fold. From tho small village of Bridgowater, 25 milee 
 Ibove Woodstock, on tho American side, there was, last year, an export of 
 ive million of shingles, valued at $15,000, besides large quantities of other 
 ||nmber and farming produce ; and during last Winter thero were, on an 
 iiverago, thirty teams daily entering Bangor with produce from the Arooa- 
 i|>ok, taking back their returns in supplies. 
 
 ^Th.^cost of aline to Fredericton, and joining the St. Andrews' lino 
 m the way stated, would not exceed much the cost of joining it by go- 
 ^Ibg through the Douglas Valley, connecting lower, as first named ; it would 
 St exceed £700,000, which would place upon us an entire debt of not more 
 
 tan £1,600,000, which would entail an interest at most (even if the works 
 id nothing over their working expenses) of £100,000, while at the pro- 
 iint time tho interest on the public debt of Canada is twelve times that 
 ilm, and the burden is lightly borne. But this is taking the darkest view 
 «€ tho matter, while it is far from the correct view ; there is little doubt 
 ibat these roads, connected from East to West, will at once pay at least four 
 J^r cent, over working expenses, which would leave only £34,000 to be pro- 
 tided for,and in a short time they would pay full interest on the cost. The Bos- 
 ton and Maine Railroad, with no greater advantages at first than wo have, 
 ^id from tho first from 8 to 9 per cent, profit, never less th«a 7, a nd why 
 Aould not thi9 propowd lint ? .—.*.- — ~ 
 
20 
 
 Alto thft objoetion to pay pw oont. for rtvpifail, w!i«m in tho merchant 
 who, in our ooimtry, wuulil nut ghuUy jMiy thin, whon lio mw a iirontahlo 
 Bohomo for invotraont? Tho same rulo appliiw to thn Htatrt m<tr<!hiint. ; an<i 
 thiB capital invontod in Riiilroa<l» hero, will yiold u« a rotorn far hoyond 
 tho intorost, ovon had wo to pay it, wiiioh, howovor, I am HatiHflod, wo 
 Hhall not t)o culiod upon to do. 
 
 Again it iH objoctod that in no country do Railroads pay m a baro invoBt« 
 mont ; England in held up before uh in tliiH connection, there thoy pay 
 only four per cent, on an average, but it should bo romcraborod that Kail- 
 roads thoro have cost at tho rate of X35,000n milo, oaunod by oxponBivo 
 stationH, purchoHO of right of way, and cost of logUlation ; in Prussia thoy 
 pay six and a-«(uartor per cent, at a cost of £14,000 a milo ; in Franco 
 six and ono-cighth per cent, at a cost of £25,600 a milo ; in tho United 
 States five and a-half per c«nt. at a cost of £9,000 a milo, a per contago 
 whioh would have been much greater, had it not boon for tho niiHmaniigO- 
 mont and fraud which haa on many linen there reigned supremo. VVhilo 
 the recorded cost of those American Railroadn appears high, the average 
 nett cost, far inferior as they are to ours, may bo fairly estimated at £7000 
 a mile, owing to the mode in which thoy have boon paid for : contractors 
 in most cu8> h, taking stock at par, on which thoy frequently realized but 
 two-thirds of tho firet cost, thus showing that in proportion to tho true cost 
 of these American Railroads thoy have earned, on an average, over eeven 
 per cent, on the expenditure, oven witli these gross frauds. 
 
 Ihe same ohjoctions which have been urged against Railroads here, wcro 
 urged against Ocean Steam Navigation in Canada ; the cry was raised, 
 " Tho country will be ruined," " There is not work enough to pay ovoa 
 tho running expenses ;" but in tho face of all this, a Company wan formed, 
 with no extravagant Government appropriation, such as those to tho 
 Cunard and Collins' Companies, they at once became powerful opponents 
 of these, their monthly line soon became fortnightly, and this will soon be 
 weekly. They have thus thrown into the lap of Canada the benefits of her 
 own trade, which Cunard and Collins formerly had ; thoy have largely 
 increased that trad.-, while they are peopling the country with tho best 
 olasfl of settlers ; they have placed Canada in tho fore-front of commercial 
 Communities ; they have repaid the original investment ; and, greater than 
 all, they have converted tho very croakers who opposed them into their 
 warmest advocates ! 
 
 Their success is chiefly attributable to this fact : they relied upon their 
 own exertions, instead of upon (Jovernment appropriations chiefly— tlioy 
 placed their faros at figures which induced the emigrant to pass over in 
 them, and the merchant f-o freight them ; they ran in connection with 
 their Railroads*— their ugsnts, with ample information, were in ev.^ry part 
 cf tho United Kingdom, and thus, •while in this enterprise they wore 
 t hemsel ves amply repaid, they wcro building up their couiUi.y lu u degrtu 
 whlchTytherwiee. could not have been imaginQd. KailWiays on land in all 
 
 I 
 
 B«w «oani 
 priwiint hii 
 Brunswick 
 which they 
 favour. 
 
 By thii c 
 
 Workshop 
 
 was a shorl 
 
 and coal ar 
 
 from tho a 
 
 Province in 
 
 from those 
 
 immediate]^ 
 
 would iron 
 
 tho manufu 
 
 fVom coal n 
 
 branchei wr 
 
 Locomotive 
 
 every instan 
 
 manuf(U)tur< 
 
 their own va 
 
 completed, ( 
 
 moans, tho j 
 
 and most su 
 
 of St. John, 
 
 Touching 
 
 statibtics of 
 
 ductiou of ] 
 
 moss and tui 
 
 City of Portl 
 
 tages, for tli 
 
 them. In li 
 
 in ton years 
 
 Portland we 
 
 tion of tho 
 
 immense sui 
 
 since of the 
 
 Railway, an 
 
 than repaid 
 
 him. 
 
 While the 
 are very grej 
 construct Ra 
 aiming at th; 
 securing tho 
 Canada. 
 
10 mwclmnt 
 a iirofiuhl) 
 
 I'lvr hoyi)nd 
 nitittilod, wo 
 
 Kai'ft invoot' 
 ■0 thoy poy 
 [ that lluil- 
 ly oxpondlvo 
 'rufwia thoy 
 in Franco 
 tho (Jnitod 
 [)or contago 
 nuMtuanuno- 
 Mo. VVhilo 
 tho avcrap;o 
 3(1 at £7000 
 contractors 
 realized but 
 ho true cost 
 , over Bcvon 
 
 i licro, wcro 
 wuH ralBcd, 
 to pay even 
 ffon fonned i 
 lOBO to tho 
 1 opponents 
 will Boon bo 
 nefitH of her 
 avo largoly 
 ith tho best 
 commercial 
 ;reater than 
 I into their 
 
 upon their 
 biefly— they 
 rxiHS over in 
 ection with 
 ti ov"'ry part 
 3 they were 
 in a degree 
 land in all 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 new oountrlflw, are llii proourwri of Ocoan Stoamthip*. Tho pott and 
 pr.tM.mt history of Caiwdiun advaiiuomoiit in tho luturo hiutory of Now 
 BniiiHwick, for id.intica! in our pa«itio»s, wo have ocoan udvautago» 
 Which thoy httvo not, and which will in tluj futuro tell powerfully m our 
 favour. 
 
 By this connection with Canada, New Brunawick would aho booorao tho 
 worlwhop for a largo portion of that country. Wo Iwllovo thuro in, or 
 wan a short time iiinco, only ono bhvst furnace in all that country ; that iron 
 and coal are not found there, and that tho chief Hupplios of these are sent 
 from the sea-board, from Ponnsyvania and Ohio. These wo have in our 
 Proviu.Hj in rich abundance, and the cost of transport would be loss than 
 from those other places ; the increased demand of such a country, would 
 immoduvtely open up those brunches of our productive wealth. Not only 
 would iron and coal he sent there, but we should from our facilities Iwcome 
 tho manufacturing centre, for that country, of articloa which are made 
 from eoal and iron. The vast advantages which our mechanics in all 
 branches would thus derive from such a connection must bo apparent- 
 Locomotive manufactories started in Canada have, wo Iwlieve, failed in 
 every instance, owing to tho oxpcmse of procuring tho staples used in their 
 mauufocturo; and their American neighbours have driven them out of 
 their own markets. Tho New Brunswicker in turn, if thoso works arc 
 completed, can drive the American manufacturer out of Canada. By such 
 means, the much-to-be-desired union of these Colonics will bo most speedily 
 and most suooesafully effected, and in whatever union takes place our City 
 of St. John, from its position, must occupy the first rank. 
 
 touching the increased value of property which Railroads effect, tho 
 statihtica of Canadian cities present some wonderful facte. At tho intro- 
 duction of Railways into England this was pivrticularly the caao ; rocks, 
 moss and turf were all turned into gold. Wo have a striking example in tho 
 City of Portland, which, with all its Railroads, has not one tithe of our advan- 
 tages, for thoy have not a great back feeding country like ours, to support 
 thorn. In 1845, without Railways, tho population of Portland was 10,000, 
 in ton years it had incroasod to 27,000 ; in 1845 tho foreign imports of 
 Portland wore $45,000, in 1855 they were $3,200,000 ; in 1845 the valua- 
 tion of tho City property was $4,636,000, in 1855 it had reached tho 
 immense sum of $20,000,000 ! A farmer in Illinois, writing a short time 
 Since of tho introduction of Railways, says ho had invested $800 in a 
 Railway, and if he never received ono cent of it again, he was more 
 than repaid in the advantages which this mode of communication afforded 
 him. 
 
 While the advantages of direct communication with the United States 
 are very great, still in a new country like this, where wo are not able to 
 construct Railways to benefit directly every portion of it, wo must, while 
 aiming at this, not lose sight of the greater nc 'ty of opening up and 
 securmg tho trade of our own country, with ultimate connection with 
 Canada. 
 
By th« rouift proponod wo ihonld iwcnre pnnne<'Uon wUh our Awn npp#»r 
 country, <Unadtt, and tho Unit«Kl Sutnn, and then w.^ nn^ in a pmition to 
 Amno't with that lin*5, ths projwt for whi«'h i« mn h.iing nwivwl, (and 
 from what wo havo alrtwly loirnod, with every proupwf of iiucfl.«B.) h*Ting 
 iti miomi tijnnitiuH at IblifdX, or lUrthrr oiuitward, extending on to Quobeti, 
 •nd thoro joining thn gnmtor Railway which will uUlmutoly Iw fonntxl from 
 tho Atlantic to tho I'acJc. 
 
 Looking at our pwltlon with roganl to Lowor Canada, St. John must yo* 
 boflomo tho WintofMvViport of tliat ouritry, If w.^ propivro fi»r it ; Portland liaa 
 »lri)ady tak.in from ua a p jrtlon of this trado, and tho g;^ographicfil and 
 politioalhoaringB of our Provinoo with Canada rund.ir it imooHHary that 
 thirt trado should not oxtond in that direction. 'Tho (JanadianH prafer an 
 outlot through Britiflh territory, and nuroly, whon it in ho pluiolv for our 
 bonollt, wc Hhall not hcHitato to moot thorn. Wo Mliall thon ho within a 
 day'H travel of Quobec, the di«tanoo from St. John via tlie Doughw Valloy 
 being 385 miloe— via Frodcricton 3'J5 miles, while from Portland to Quoboo 
 the diHtance Ih 453 milc«. 
 
 Wo look forward to tho early action of Grout Uritain in adopting q» hor 
 own, tho contompltttod schomo for uniting tho EoHtorn and Western Ilomi- 
 ■phoree, by tho Atlantic and Pacific Railroad ; tho advantagiM to Britain 
 of Buch a connection must appear to tho most casual olworvor of her present 
 »nd past difSoultioa in tho East. It would give her, in controlling these 
 diffioultioB, advantages which would far outweigh tho first cost of such a 
 road. An Ocean port near us, must bo tho Atlantic terminus, Vancouver's 
 Island, tho probable Pacifio terminus, connecting thero with tho Fkst 
 Indies and China by powerful Steamers. Our connection with Canada 
 will place us in a direct Hue with this great work, and St. John, in a few 
 years, may thus rise to the position of the Liverpool of British America. 
 I To urge on our Country in this race, for the great prize of Commercial 
 iupremacy, should be a chief object of all engaged in business here. In no 
 part of the world do business men work harder than we do. Compai ing our 
 hours ond hobits with those of the inhabitants of other parts of America or of 
 Britain, we are overworked in a high degree. Early morn and late night find 
 us in our counting-rooms and warehouses, and this increasing devotion to our 
 own business begets a neglect or forgetfulness of public business, and we may 
 find when it is too late that this intense business sorvility, which has caused 
 VLB to lose sight of tho greater claims of our Country, hus also taken from us 
 much of those public advantages whicli gave to us our private business. 
 
 Instead, too, of allowing political partizanship. or geographical accidents, 
 to shade our eyes and dull our perceptions— instead of looking at a Govern- 
 ment merely as the dispensers of patronage, to bo torn asunder at every new 
 appointment— let us assist in carrying into eflFect broad and statesmanlike 
 tiews on these great questions of Railroads, Emigration, the settlement of 
 our Wild Lands, Ocean bteam Navigation, Ocean JbisherieB, MluOo, our 
 
 Agricultural and ManuiaoturiiJiS Power. Thia question of railroad exten- 
 
 ■ioo shouli 
 BritiMh Pa 
 bo viewed I 
 by u union 
 now ap|Nui 
 
 Instead ( 
 against thr 
 mon Count 
 Provineo ol 
 their own ( 
 secure wlio 
 and luymei 
 often s.'en, 
 them pimhi 
 never fail ti 
 too often lo 
 of the farth 
 
 In treatin 
 lo thisaspeo 
 tagea of Rii 
 Long, long I 
 are brougUt 
 : less will our 
 J ism tho Ij')C( 
 I stronger thu 
 ' neighbours I 
 I nection witli 
 
 I Tho foil, 
 
 J city, is annt 
 
 \ the ngrlcult 
 
 opportunity 
 
 ton, hohavl 
 
 the Kent A 
 
 j J. Boyd, 
 
 : request to f'l 
 
 ; New Brunsv 
 
 j years ago, u{j 
 
 ' engaged in t 
 
 I by the nppai 
 
 I have tra 
 
 and through 
 
 and I have cq 
 
r own iipp^r 
 % ptMition to 
 nvivtxi, (and 
 IJM,) linring 
 a to Quob«n, 
 forino<l fri>m 
 
 ihn numt yel 
 P>)rtlan(l hoa 
 mpliit'iil and 
 )00H«ary that 
 ifxn profor an 
 ainlv for our 
 \ ho within a 
 mglas Valloy 
 nd to Quuboo 
 
 jpting an hot 
 estcm Ilomi- 
 M to Britain 
 )f her pr««tmt 
 trolling thoflo 
 oat ot 8Uoh a 
 , Vancuuvor'M 
 rith the ViMt 
 erith Canada 
 jhn, in a fow 
 I Amjrica. 
 
 f Commercial 
 horo. In no 
 ompaiing our 
 America or of 
 luto night find 
 levotion to our 
 8, and wo may 
 ich huH cauHod 
 taken from uh 
 buRinces. 
 
 lical accidents, 
 g at a Govorn- 
 r at every nevr 
 statesmanlike 
 ) Bottlement of 
 i, Miucs, our 
 railroad exten- 
 
 •ion ihould be Mp«oi«llj romovfld b«yood th« paU of party ttrilt. Af tlit 
 
 British l»arlittm«nt tr..ut of India, we thuuld tnwt of Kailwaya ; this nhuuU 
 bu viowud *u ugruat quomi-.n, .iffbctJng thechlof intmwtnof uur Country, thua 
 by a union ol ail, for tiio g.MKi of all, w« can oaiiiy ovcrcoroodiflloultioii which 
 now tt[)|i>uir iuMunnountahlu. 
 
 Inittoad of arraying miotional intonwtii, ono against tho other,— tho North 
 •Ipkinst thft 8 .uth, and tho Kwt ag.iinnt tho W»wt,— let usunitn on our com- 
 mon Country and mik^ it what it ought, and will he, tho IV«n proM|M)rou« 
 Province of N-w-Drunnwick, who*., hardy houh will mirn for thomnolv.*, in 
 thoir own Country, that walth and pnwpority which timy mildom fail to 
 ■ftflure when thwy go to thou.! landii wh.iro thoro In i»oop<» for their enti-rprimj 
 and ikiymiUJt for their lalKuir ; and thus instead of wjoing, on we have too 
 oltuni».wn, our working men l.uving us for the Far West, wo shall have 
 them ptishing on in their own land those works of enterprise, in which they 
 never fail to take the lead abroad, ttn<l bo bbmid with that bialth which is 
 too often lost in the ague swamps of tho Far West, or amid tho arid plains 
 of the farther Fast. 
 
 In treating of thissubjwt wo have only taken tho commercial view of it, and 
 In this aspect wo of courso include improved Postal arrangements. Theadvan- 
 tagofl of Railways to our country in time of war has not been alluded to. 
 Long, long may it Iw before we require to look at it in this light ; the closer we 
 are brouglit to our American neighbours— tho more we mix together— tho 
 loss will our political antagonism manifest itself. In this age of Utilitarian- 
 ism tho Locomotive is tho greatest pitcificator, tho spirit of Commerce it 
 strongur than the demon of War ; and tho more we are connected with our 
 neighbours by iron bands, tho loss shall we bo disposed to break tho con- 
 nection with iron balls. 
 
 Tho following letter, from J. G. 0. Layton, Esq., a merchant of our 
 city, la annexed in further corroboration of tho statements relative to 
 the agricultural capabilitioa of Now Brunswick. No one has had a better 
 opportunity for forming a correct judgment on this point than iMr. Lay- 
 ton, hehavin.:-; been, for many years, a practical farmer and J 'resident of 
 the Kent Agricultural Society:— 
 
 Saint Joim, July 8th, 1858. 
 
 J. Boyd, Esq.— Dear Sir:— T with pleasure comply with your 
 request to furnish you with tho result of my experience of funning in 
 New Brunswick. From my Grst arrival in this Province, twenty-two 
 years ago, up to within the last four years, I have been always more or less 
 engaged in that pursuit, and now regret having been allured therefrom 
 by the apparent fj/ more prosperous condition of the mercantile classes. 
 
 I have travelled in the United States, from Maine to Maryland south, 
 and through Ohio to Kentucky west, always with an agricultural eve. 
 and I have come to tho oonclusion (oft repeated) that were I again to go 
 
 
to fmnlnpr, TihnttM mfk a lootlity In Sow Wrtinnwlok, alwAyfi liM^inf)^ in 
 
 ricw thp n«'t'<H«ity (»f'b«'inK nmt Kivtr <ir Kiiilwny ir-Mmt 
 
 My n>:iHoiiM for |»r»!f»'rrinj( New HniiMwick to niiy part of'iho I'iiiUmI 
 StitU>ii, thriiiiKh whiiih I havii truv«ll«<l, imi iiiiiuv.—i'iatiti N\>w Urtitw- 
 wlok I Mhotilil \m living iin«l»i tho m<wt fn-o uiul tlm li^liUMt tiu«(| 
 (]i»\(>riiim-»it in J ho worlil. For « imtivoof fho DrUiiih IhIi'h ihecllinato 
 in more HuitttbU' than any jmrt. oftho Ifnitcul Htaton, uiiil tho nyntmn of 
 •griculturu m/i*j"m/iu idonticul with that of Hcothiiid, although tho nyii. 
 tcni Ki'iiorally fnnriimd m iduuticiil witli that practi««ti in HcotlaniJ filly 
 yi!ur»ap); whijo tJutayMtttm mi«(<Mtury to «uc«h«»»m in Hm I'nit.-.l Hlatm w 
 m fur potitniry to llm idtiiut of an inhabitant of tho Hriti«li lhK<«, thiil't 
 tak(<N him ymrn of cxpcndituro of timo and money iMtforu Ini vtri muit 
 up hin mind to adopt it. 
 
 I i ndcr the pro«ont nyHtem of agriculturo gvni'rally pm<!tii(cd tliu ( )ut in 
 really tho utaplo grain of tho country : 1t*growH well, iM a nuro crop, and 
 yioldn tw abundantly an in tho Hriti»h ThIoI Tho Out in worth nn much 
 hero por buxhel, or noarly mo, um wheat m |Hjr buMhel in tho western 
 Stjiton; at tho present tinio ono barrel of oatmeal will buy one and a 
 third barrels of Amorieun HUporfine flour. The produce in biwhcln por 
 acre may b« Hufely fot ilown at double that of an ucn) of wheat in tho 
 western HtntoM; that <3onne(|uontly oat farming in more pndlUdde in this 
 country than wheal fhrming in there. I'n'ciHcly the Minu; remarkH upj)ly 
 to barley oulture, a er(>p which was nov<ir known to fiiil (»f returnirjg a 
 bountiful yield, when the land hud boon prepared with ordinary care. 
 
 Green crop.s, suoh an tho turnip, (tho delight oftho British fannerj 
 when cultivated with tho Hamo care an in tho Uritish ImIch, yiolds 
 equally well, while tho climate oftho Ifnitod States generally is too dry 
 and arid for that crop. The .sanio rcmarku apply with e<iual force to the 
 potatoc, accepting an regardn the extreme northern and wos^tern .States. 
 That thiH in a hay and pasture growing e(nintry will bo (ividont to 
 every practical perwon on seeing how the grans grows uifc;>ii( of tho bad 
 farming, such for instance a« growing several huccc ' , , )foatii 
 and with the last 8catteri..g a 1 w graii n of grass seed. 
 
 I could enlarge much on t-ubjeot but tho limited time at my 
 
 »f going further ut present. 
 ri «pccttuHy, 
 
 J. a. a. LAYTON. 
 
 disposal precludes tho j. -^.m 
 [ am 
 
 to '1< 
 
 V