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A., * » IN TORONTO »AND OTHER PLAOfiS !»< CANADA. c |:ti!!li5|?S for \\i: %mM cf \\^ %\m\m %rMt. TORONTO, JUL_V, 18G8. ^^ PMOE, TEN CENTS. / 'ri,'i|iii'y' i''v1tiiiiw irt'iii^ '^^ DANIEL IN BABYLON. A LECTURE DELIVERED BY TUB REV. WM. MORLEY PUNSHON, M.A., IN TORONTO AND OTHER PLACES IN CANADA. PUBLISHED FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE CHRISTIAN PUBLIC. TORONTO, JULY, 1868. PIIICE, TEN CENTS. •';/M^Vf| *.*f '/l/i J.".|f^^ff '^.* ! - ^ ■." i<, ■Jk^x - ?'.-:', «^ , , , DANIEL IN BABYLON. m ■ I There were giants in the earth in those days when those old heroes and prophets — a marvellous race of men — lived, whom it is difficult for us to regard as parts of the rightful creation. They were not soldiers, and yet when they rebuked kings they exhibited a courage which the most gallant Crusader might have envied. They were not priests, and yet never priest has spoken more solemn words in simpleness of ideas, or with finer power. As we trace them to a lofty line, and their nc'ila wonders crowd upon our memories, we seek and shriiiL from any discussion of their actions as so many from Spirit Land. Such feelings come over us as might have affrighted the Gergesenes Avhen they prayed for the departure of the Saviour from their shores, or the soul of Peter when he felt the influence of the miraculous power, and cried: — "Depart from me, for I am a sinful man" — a sort of mingled feeling, which is half admiration, half awe. They are not men, so much as distinct individual influences, passing beneath their heating respiration standing before the Lord, which checks the lightnings, which are His messengers, or the stormy winds, which fulfil His work. It is manifest that the possession of their office, and their leading a life different from humanity in general, pre- vent us from acknowledging their fitness as examples by which to regulate our own life and conduct. There is run- ning through the entire of human nature something which m 4 PANIKL IN BABYLON. has formed ideas of its own estimate of what its pattern ought to be, and whicli demands certain original con- ditions to be rigidly fulfilled. There must be identity, and there must bfe similarity of circumstances — the man must have like passions, and those must have been pow- erfully tried. Failure in these conditions at once undermines the force of example, just as the Greek, in olden time, for a blemish in physical symmetry, tried to exclude Apollo from the fellowship of the gods. And there is none among the prophets comes as near to us, as like one of ourselves, as the Hebrew youth, descended from the lions of Judah, wliose life we are to study to-night. He was inspired; but he had a life apart from that inspira- tion, in which we recognize elements of danger, deliver- ance, sorrow and success — perhaps some of thankfulness and blessing — and grief, and his experience is like the fits of grief that form the constituents of our own. He comes to us, therefore, not in foreign garments, but robed in our own human nature. He is no meteor beam flitting across our path, to blaze for a brief space in his brightness before us, and then to vanish into unbroken darkness and oblivion. He comes eating and drinking like ourselves, with common failings and common feel- ings, which prompt him to human action. Let me now draw some lessons from the life of Daniel, and I am not ashamed to state, at the outset, that my purpose is to do you good; and though the pulpit, rather than the plat- form, is the appropriate place, I should be recreant to my life-work if I should not strive mainly to make my words step upon the future, when eternity shall steep its light in the dying of time. (Applause.) It is re- ^larked in the religion of Jesus that it is adapted for all circumstances of the human condition, andi for all diver- DANIEL IN BABYLON. pities of human character. Clearly a religion which aims to be universal must possess this assimilative power, or in the complexities of the world it were disqualified for the best aspirations and value. And the claims asserted by its advocates for Christianity have beon put tln-ough the crucible for ages, and verified by the experience of successive generations. Christianity is not hemmed in by parallels of latitude, nor circumscribed by any wall of partition in its influence upon men. It can exert its transformation upon every one, and translate its com- forts into eveiy language. Like its founder, it delights in the beautiful parts of the eartli ; but wherever man is, in the rich metropolis or amidst the rocks in a fore^;t» whether in his kingliest or most savage position, there. in the neighbourhood and in the heart of man, is the chosen sphere of Christianity — where she works her changes and devotions, raises up her witnesses, and proves herself to every one who embraces her at once his angel of discipline and life. Now, perhaps some of you are thinking that your circumstances are excep- tional. Eeligion, you think, is a very good thing in its way, but it must be cultivated on streamy banks perhaps, or in a woodland shade, not amid the roar of business nor in the turgid heart of towns. You have read perhaps somewhere, that "God made the country, and man made the town." You are disposed to think that a man ought to claim all that as the work of his own hands ; but you are quite wrong. Heaven is as near, believe me, to the great city as to the grassy down, and you can walk as close to God to-day, and wash the soul from the crime of its many sins, in London, the modem Babylon, as did Daniel in Babylon, the- ancient London. (Ap- plause.) I now come to the consideration of Daniers life: he was earnest and consistent; his religion was not e< DANIEL IN BABYLON. a surface sentiment, traditions inherited, and therefor1 help him iiit nor forward to withhold honour and custom where honour and custom were due. It may not be amiss, perhaps, in this matter to commend liim to the age in which we live, and amid many incentives to reach that independent intolerance of the shams, counterfeits, and scoffers which marked his maturer character. There has been so much said about opeiniess or bluntness of speech, that people are apt be led away by their enthusiasm on the subject to the opposite extreme. Some men fancy themselves very clever when they are only very coarse. True grandeur and greatness have always gentleness as- sociated with them. The Nasmith steam hammer can be so nicely guided as to chip an egg without breaking ; it can come down again and shatter at a touch a pon- m DANIEL IN PABYLOW. derouy bar of iron. We are awed by mighty forces, and attracted by the energy which holds that mighty force in control. So a life-energy of man will — we cannot help it — extort our reluctant admiration, but a frank, willing courtsey, comes into our hearts like a sunbeam and flings the glow of July over a still January night. This courtesy which I want you to exhibit is not a companion to religion, but a part of it. " The wisdom from above' is gentle. Who says he is gentle and easy to be en- treated ? Christ, it has been well said, was a prince in courtesy as well as in beneficence and wisdom : but a Christian is not more bound to respect his own rights than he is bound to be tolerant to the opinions and re- ligions of others. Even Fashion, at the bottom of it, has religion for the basis of its rules, and is a sort of Rabbinical offshoot of Christianity. There is no usage of cultivated society which had not its origin in some real or fancied benevolence. Courtsey is the religious life of society. The good Samaritan knew how to be- have himself in the drawing-room, as we know he did on the high road and field. The essence of politeness is worth man's while to cultivate. I repeat the language of one of the old masters when giving advice to a pupil: "Cultivate your heart, miss, cultivate your heart." Why should it be otherwise ? It is not necessary in order to be a good man that we should always be abrupt and gruff. Truth is not a salad, is it ? that you must always dress it with vinegar for your friends, who might say with truth of you : "Ah, he was kind, frank, manly and generous, until he became a Christian." As if that bad contracted the opinions which alone can rightly expand them — as if that had corrupted the heart which alone is the source of everything good and lovely. Have a care, that if even this reproach iias begun to cling to you, you DANIEL IN IJABYLON. 17 wipe it off, or as far ajs you are concerned your religion will be wounded in the house of friends. You will be so strongly principled that you can afford to be kind. And not only in Christian experience, but also in the diverse duties of Christian witness-bearing, there must be this courtsey also. A sober countryman once straggled into Westminster Hall, and sat in a state of edifying patience for two hours while two eminent lawyers wrangled over a case, the whole of which was just so much Greek to the countryman. A visitor, amused by the countryman's deep apparent interest in the proceedings, and his per- plexed countenance, inquired of him which of them he considered the best of the two. He answered : " The little one, to be sure, because he put the other one into a passion." Daniels religion constrained his fidelity to duty and his diligent fulfilment of every trust confided to him. How fine an illustration of diligent and success- ful industry we have in the character of Daniel ! He rose rapidly in the king's favor, and by liis administrative ability secured the confidence of four successive monarchs who occupied the throne of Babylon. Darius, the Median, who succeeded Belshazzar, whom he had slain, thought to put him as ruler over the whole of the em- pire. As it was, he was placed *over one hundred and twenty provinces. Now the duties devolving upon Daniel must have been of the most various and compli- cated kind — how complicated the problems which pre- sented themselves before him to solve will be seen when we recollect that he had to deal with foreign languages, customs, and different dynasties of kings. Those with whom he had to work, the wise men of Babylon, were not inconsiderably versed in starry and other sciences. He must have been a ruling m n, a man of large, almost inexhaustible capacity, one who could see the end from 18 DANIEL IN BABYLON. the beginning. This knowledge lie got not from inspirar tion, but by industry. He first interpreted a dream, but did not flasli upon a dialect. There was no royal road for him any more than any other for the attainment of knowledge — only by toil and study he became what he was — prince among *the provinces, an excellent spirit among the far-famed wise men of Chaldee. Then the administration of justice formed no small part of his duty. It was his to liear a cause, to weigh the evidence, and adjudicate upon it. Then he must havebeen prepared for all the contingencies which in those troublous times were constantly occurring; he must liave been Argus-eyed to scent disaffection or disunion amongst more distant pro- vinces under his control; quick to catch the murmurs of those nearer home, and also to be able to discern the battle from afar. On him also devolved the management of the finances, to get from each reluctant Satrap the tribute from his province, to check accounts and see the tale told into the treasury of the king, and that it suffered no loss. Now what do you tliink of all the weight thus resting on Daniel's shoulders, hurried as he was with an overwhelming complication of offices — Finance Min- ister, Lord Chief Justice, Home Secretary, War Minister, aye,. and Premier to boot ? I suppose you think Daniel had about enough on his hands, and tliat riglitly to dis- charge the duty would require tact, energy, and a rigid and conscientious frugality of time. From this, too, we learn some valuable lessons. First, the unreally pious are fiUed with apprehension of the sensitive spirit which, like the mollusc of the rock, tlirusts out his long antennte at the least possibility of danger. They say he had too much on his hands, more than any man ought to have. It would be quite impossible for him, amidst this round of secularity, to think of eternity; it DANIEL IN BABYLON. 19 woxild be quite impossible for him to maintain that recognition of divine influence, that provision for the interests of the soul that is so necessary for man to realize. The apprehension does you honour, my brother. I do not chide you for being thus jealous of your future. But you need not fear. Never yet saw this earth a man with more of Heaven's glory on his brow. See, he comes out of the presence chamber; whither will he go ? He goesti) the closet; the lattice is opened towards Jerusa- lem, and there trembles through the air some psalm, followed by some fervent strain of prayer. Oh ! there is no fear as long as the track to that chamber is a beaten one. As long as memories of home and temple are fragrant, as long as the morning sun shines through the lattice upon that silvery hair as he rests on his knees — he who can thus pray will neither be recreant to man nor to his God. In that attitude of prayer he finds his safety and strength, and thus cxhilnts for your encourage- ment and for mine that it is possible to combine the grandest harmony of cliaracter by dedicating eveiy- thing to duty and to God, and that all descriptions of labour, whether of hand or brain, should keep a loyal heart within us, every pulse of whicli beats eagerly for him. " Well," some one says who, though not caring for religion, is delighted with Daniel's assiduity, his consci- entiousness and successful diplomacy, " what more can he do for God other than these his works ? And what needs he ? His deeds are his best prayers. Surely if ever man might make his work his worship, it is he ; let him alone. He is a brave, true man, did he work in a right manly way. What has he to pray for, except his own fading life, wliich need not come to a close so soon ?" And so you think that is all eternity requires; that human nature, when human nature wears out, left to be 20 DANIEL IN liARYLON. of no dignity; left her place among tlio gods ! But wo may stop here. Alas ! for you that you are not in the secret that pxiyer is the explanation of everything you admire in the man. Is he brave? What makes him brave? Because the fear of God has filled his heart so full that there is no room for the fear of man to get in. Does he walk warily by the picture, turn pale— almost dizzy? Why? Because if the mountain is high, the sky is higher. Is he rigid in eveiy department of duty ? What makes him so? Because he has learned and remembers that eveiy one of u.s nnist give account of himself to God. Go thou and learn his piety; betake thyself into thy chamber as he does, where thou wilt receive higher views of life tlian eveii yet thou hast realized — a new world flashing under a new heaven — a stalwart arm and cunning brain be thy strength — thy confidence the guid- ance and joy of the Lord. (Applause.) But, then, there is another voice — not inside I hope, but I don't know — perhaps we may want the man for illustration before we have done wdth him, so let us suppose him inside. You have heard spoken outside in a crowd tlie voice of one who hides a small, miserly, scoffing soul. " He a states- man ! some sinner canting always about this wretched conscience and duty. I don't believe a word of it. You will find out. Aye, and I hate these sects. They are always hypocrites at bottom — profess to be better than than anything else. Watch his accounts narrowly. You will find some discord by-and-by. There will be a gi'and exposure one day of his plunder, rapacity and vrong." And it woidd please you mightily, I dare say, to find yourself among the prophets. (Laughter.) But, now, if you should make him out so bad, don't you think those rejoicing in it must be worse? (Applause.) But happily the answer is at hand. Your ancestors shall . DANIEL N BABYLON, 21 ^t* oome forward. You are not the fii-st of the line by a long way. See princes, councillors and sceptics — all of them met to devise mischief and ruin on those that believeth the Lord. And we shall know the worst,* You may be sure if Daniel's ministry has been a failure, or a fraudulent one, the whole world will find it out. Malice is on his track, and has a keen scent for blemishes. Envy is at work, and if it cannot see itself it will suborn witnesses to swear they saw spots on the sun. All the administration is brought under unfriendly review. Well, come, scoffer, and hear what these fellows say — "We shall not be able to find any occasion against Daniel, except we find it against him concerning the law of his God" What ! No occasion of charge against the Prime Minister! When men are busy setting upon him with all their arts ! Was ever such a thing heard of in this world? No failure of duty; no lack of sagacity which they might torture into premeditated wrong ? No personal enrichment ? What ! Never a son or a nephew got into some good post ? (Great laughter and applause.) This is very marvellous — very grand! Speak it out again — it is the noblest testimony that malice ever bore — " we shall not be able to find any occasion against this Daniel, except we find it against him concerning the law of his God." There he stands — spotless, on the confes- sion of his enemies ! It does not matter what becomes of him now. The character, which is the man, has been adjuged free from stain. Cast him to lions if you like-— his faith will stop their mouths, savage and hungry though they be. Fling him into the seven -fold heated furnace, you shall not find a smell of fire upon Wm. Hell in full power may give his title : " Daniel, the faithful among men — Daniel, the beloved of the Lord." (Ap- plause.) Brothers, if the exhibition of this character DANIEL IN BABYLON. has produced the effect lipon you which I fondly hope, you will have learned some lessons which may come to be of use in your own life^ — ^that though here and there may be a silver-spooned favourite of fortune who goes up in a baUoon to a high position without the trouble of climbing, for you and me it is just — ^to foot it. (Laugh- ter.) You will have learned that labor is the true alchemist which beats out in patient transumation the basest material into gold. And you will, every one of you, I hope, avoid that state in which the hypocrite is too devout to work, and the worker too busy to pray. You will have learned how hollow the plea for the pro- crastinator, who has no time for religion, when here is the minister of one hundred and twenty provinces ready for prayer three times a day. Above all, you will have learned that a reputation built up for many years does not fall by a blast of the scorner's trumpet, that God turns the wrath of the wicked to good, and that neither earth nor hell can personally harm you if you be followers of that which is good. There is only one thing necessary, that I may present the full orb of character before you — that is just this: that when the interests of two worlds seem to be coming into collision, Daniel dared the danger of going into the presence of his God. The men who plotted the ruin of Daniel laid their plans very cunningly. They knew very well he was faithful in all respecfs, and perhaps like that other famous council, of which Milton sings, they were about to separate in despair of accom- plishing their purpose, when some, congenial spirit sug- gested that one fidelity should be pitted against the other, asj^ured in that case that Daniel's piety would prompt him to obey God rather than man. They pre- vailed on the king to issue a decree that no God should be worshipped during a period of thirty days. They FANIBL IN BABYLOiT. ^3 w0ll knew how Daniel would act. How would he act? You will observe that it was inevitable. Darius could not relent, for the Persian law was wonderfully inflexible, scarcely permitting a man to change his own mind. Then, shall Daniel leave off his worship and desert his Ged ? I know how some would act in such a case now- a-days. I can almost hear the philosophic arguments by which they would justify their cowardice. "What!" they would have said, "the posture of prayer is nothing; it is only an accident of devotion. It is the heart which prays. If I pray in my heart nobody will know it — without compromising the word 'duty,' I have only just to forego my habit of retirement, and kneeling, and aban- don the window toward Jeinisalem. I can pray still as much as I have ever done." Yes, yes, the old spirit. "I will follow Thee, O Lord, the true God; I will follow Thee; but when my master cometh into the house, and remaineth leaning on my arm, and I go, Lord, pardon me this one thing — let me have religion, and let me keep my place." (Applause.) Well Daniel is wont so to retire, to go to God undisturbed; to kneel in a spirit of contrition and repentance, to open his window towards Jerusalem — to utter that hymn of Solomon, as if ap- proaching to the dedication of the temple and praying for its re-establishment. Shall he sustain for an hour the devotion to his God? I think you could almost 'answer that from what you already know of the man — he did exactly what he had been accustomed to. He did not close his window, so that it would not be noticed, or he be uninterrupted. He would have been a coward if he did so. He did not inquire what was right, but what was expedient — and he had to brave the penalty. His enemies, lying in wait, brought him before the king, who, unable to revoke his law, was 24 DANIEL IN BABYLON. compelled to order him to be cast into the lion's den. The king stood the whole day watching him, and in the eve- ning he came out without a hair of his head being injured. The triumph of his persecutors, like that of the wicked everywhere, was short, lasting but a day, and their punishment was swift and sure. Let Daniel's life be not an unprofitable example with you, be stedfast in good living purposes towards your fellow-men, and in unswerving devotion to your God. Arm yourself at all points, and if vulnerable at all, let it be, Achilles-like, in the heel, and that is a part of the body that British sol- diers, at any rate, do not generally show to the enemy. (Prolonged applause.) Drawing an entrancing vision of the past, present and future of the human race, the latter bright with the buds of promise, the Eev. Gentleman concluded in these words : — Brothers, this vision is no fable. It is for an appointed time, and it will not tarry. It is the nearer for every worn-out lie and for every trembling fraud. And all of you can aid in its coming. Children, flinging seeds about in sport, little girls scatter- ing flowers by the wayside, youth, manhood in its prime, and womanhood in her ministry of mercy — all may speed it forward. Be it ours, in reverend mingling of faith and labour, at once to watch and work for it. Do not look at the past — that has gone to give place to bet- ter times. Do not fear the advent of the future, my brother. It shall burnish in broader and safer glory. Come, one and all, come, and upon illustrious faith be anointed as Daniels of to-day — at once the prophet and the worker, — the brow bright with the shining prophecy, the hands full of earnest and of holy deeds. "Thine the heavenly truth, to speak ; Bend the wrong, and raise the weak ; Thine to make earth's desert glad, In its Eden gruenness olad." i