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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd A partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 M vm <^i 'H' New Tork Colonial Tra&s. Number III. IToijagcs of tije Slabets St. Jofjn % antr Erms of Emstcrtiam. V /. AddittGi TRANS L^ ^KlU "W- VOYAGES OF THE SLAVORS j$L 3ol^n anb SSrms of ^msf Frbam, 1659, 1663; TOGETHER WITH AddittGnal Papers illufirative of the Slave 4| Trade under the Dutch. TOANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS, WITH AN By E. B. O'CALLAGHAN. ALBANY, N. Y., J. MUNSELL. 82 STATE ST. 1867. No,. Edition, loo Copies. INTRODUCTION. les. ■i/j^if^^N THE Traa now pub- ^^M. liflied, we have colleded and s^ tranflated the Papers in the "^^^^ Secretary of State's Office, illuftrative of Slavery and the Slave Trade under the Dutch. As the Documents are authentic, they fur- nifti reliable Material for a Chapter in the early Hiftory of our State at prefent unwritten, and hitherto but partially known. VI IntroduBion. i < mon 3 To the Dutch undoubtedly be- longs the queftionable Diftindtion of having introduced Negro Slavery into the Colonies, now the United States of America. " About the laft Smith's General oi Augujl " ( 1 6 1 9), fays 'J olm Rolfe, Hijhry of rir- ^/«/d,Ed.i6z7, the celebrated Hulband Q>i Pocahon- P. 126, Riib- lond Ed., n,(asy writing from Virginia^ "came in a Dutch man of warre, that fold vs twenty Negars."-^ Oldmixon re- fers to the fame Event, but leaves * This Event is generally ftated to have occurred in 1620; but a careful Perufal of Smith fliows that it took place in 1619. Mr. Bancroft, Ilijl. U. S., I ft Ed., I, 189, quotes Beverley as the original Authority for this Fa6l. Beverley only copied Capt. Smith, without acknowledging the Source of his In- formation; of which Circumftance Mr. Bancroft docs not appear to have been aware. 1 fol Sli A to ■I • I It Introdu&ion, VI 1 ibtedly be- Diftindion ^ro Slavery the United 3ut the laft fobn Rolfe, f Pocahon- f'tf, "came , that fold imixon re- )ut leaves have occurred ^th fliows that Iliji. U. S., the original copied Capt. rce of liis In- /Ir. Bancroft the Imprefiion that the Vell'el was a Merchantman. "The Merchant /^/v//- /-^//'r in .•imftiiJ, KJ. fold 20 Negroes, which were the firft r4«. i ih- Slaves that were brought thither (to Virghiia) from Giiimar At this Period a Clafs of Adven- fturers, called " Guinea Traders," reforted to Africa; another Clafs, called " Virginia Traders," reforted io America. One or other of thefe, it is fuppofed, landed the above mentioned Negroes. In 1 62 1, all the Dutch private Companies trading to Africa and America were merged into one — the celebrated Weft India Com- Vlll IntrocIuSiion, pany — which, by Virtue of its Charter, raifed Troops, fitted out Men-of-War, ani made other Pre- parations for entering the Field again fl Spain. This Power had, at that time, the almoll entire Con- trol of the Trade of Africa, from which Country it imported into Brazil, during the four Years end- DcUr,,janMg 1 623, Fifteen thoufand, four ,92. ' hundred and thirty Blacks, to work its Sugar Plantations. In 1623, the Weft India Com- pany commenced Hoftilities, which it continued with confiderable Vigor for feveral Years. At firft, how- irtue of its >s, fitted out le other Pre- : the Field ower had, at entire Con- ifrica, from ported into Years end- ufand, four ks, to work ndia Com- ities, which rable Vigor firft, how- hitroduSiion, IX liver, it placed no Value on the Negroes it captured from the Span- iards ; for in 1624, Admiral Van t)ort having overhauled, of}' the Coaft of Brazil, a SpaniHi Velfel carrying Blacks from Angola to Bahia, took the Skipper and let the Ship and Blacks go, ** not knowing," frankly confelfes De ijacty "how ufeful and profitable >„/,* ;|, had, F. •fhey could be to them." Again, in 1627, the Dutch having over- come a Portuguefe Ship, coming rrom Angola to Pernambuco with •7. >oo Blacks on board, they derived 10 Advantage from the Capture, as B Ibid., E'. 120, 121. X lntrodiiEiio7i. thofe of Pcrnambuco refufed to ranfom the Negroes, Ibme of whom were landed afterwards, with the Portuguefe, at Fayal. And fo late as 1 63 1, two Ships from Angola with 850 Negroes, having been captured off Hifpaniola and Sta. DeUrtAh\A., Mcifthay thc Dutcli Commanders p. 230, 270. not knowing what to do with the Blacks, let them and the Ships go- It will be feen by the above Refumc, that the Weft India Com- pany having been abforbed in its Operations againft the Spaniards, did not, for fome Years after it firi mu and not in refiifed to me of whom is, with the And {o late Tom Angola laving heen la and St a. Commanders :o do with id the Ships the above India Com- »rbed in its Spaniards, irs after it hitrodtiElion, XI rfl: came into Exigence, place much Vakie on the Shive Trade ; and, as a Confequence, Slavery was not greatly foftered or encouraged in New Nctbcrland. It was not until the Dutch had reduced Pernambiico and other Parts of Brazil, and taken Curasao, that they began to derive any Profit from the Capture of Slaves. In Otlobcr, 1636, the Souther gh took z). /,ade. The ia Company 1 Holland to IntroduElion, Xlll Angola with Articles of Commerce ; got Slaves in Exchange, which they Oirried to Brazil, and returned to Holland with Sugar and other Pro- duce of that Country. We now propofe to trace the Introducflion of Slavery into New Netherland. In 1625 or 1626, fix or feven Year s after the Dutch had difcharged e fmall Lot of Slaves in Virginia^ the firft Negroes were brought to Manhattan. Among them were Paul d' Angola, Simon Congo, Anthony ^ortuguefe, 'John Francifco, and even other Africans, who were XIV IntroduBion, probably captured at Sea. Thci Names denote the Country ti which they originally belonged Two Years afterwards three Negn Women arrived at New Ainjlcrdam and thefe are the only Inftance on Record of the Introduction oi Slaves in New Netherland prior tc the Ered:ion of Patroonfliips and Colonies in 1629, when the Well India Company publicly promifed Freedom, of to " ufe their Endeavors to fupply 1629, Art. 30. the Colonifts with as many Blacb as they conveniently can." For Caufes, already noted, thefe "endeavors" were not followed, a^ hon. It Sea. Thei: Country t( illy belonged Is three Negn ■^w Atnjicrdam )nly Inftancc itrodu(5tion oi rlatid prior tc •oonfliips and ben the Well icly promised 3rs to fupply many BlacL an." noted, thele followed, as I IntroduElion, xv far as we have been able to afcer- ttin, by any immediate Increafe of Negroes here ; and it was not until after the Redudion of Loando that the Current of Slavery fet northward to any great Amount.-'^ By an Edi6t ilfued in 1645, no N.r.ahniai private Dutch VefTel was allowed to trade farther North than Cape Blorida^ nor on any Account to the P^irgi?itaSy New Netherlands New Brance, the Coaft of Africa or 'Brazil. The Trade in thefe Coun- * Slavery cxiftcd in the Limits of the prcfent State dl'New Jerjcy as early as 1638.— A^ T. Col. MSS., i;4i. Vanderdonck Vertoogh, xvi IntroduSlion, tries was wholly monopolized b; this] the Weft India Company. broi In the Summer of 1646, the fin not Slave Ship, of whofe Name we hav a Record, arrived in New Nether land. She was called the Atiiandan This VelTel touched at Barbados where " three Negro Wenches were fpirited away. The Remain- / der arrived at New Amjierdam ir,.^ 'Stat< June, where " the Negroes wen )|atli fold for Pork and Peas. Something g'*^^ wonderful was to be performec \^ ' with them, but they juft droppec ^^ through the Fingers." WhatNum- thcii Port c her of Slaves were brought 11 ^^ ^^^ lonopolized b, ipany. ' 1646, the fin Name we hav 1 New Nether- the Amandati I at Barbadoei :ro Wenches The Remain- X Amjierdam ir Negroes wert s. Something 3e performec ' juft droppec WhatNum- brought ir m Introduction. xvii this Velfel, or whether they were brought from Brazil or Guinea^ is JB©t ftated/-= In ya?mary, 1648, a Committee of the States General made a lengthy Report on the Affairs of the Weft India Company, in the Courfe of which they refer to the Fad, that Confequence of the unfettled "State of Brazil, " the Slave Trade hath long lain dormant to the great Damage of the Company." In order to revive that Traffic, "*' Sugar and Oil were a Part of her Cargo; and thcfc Articles may fcrve as a Chie to determine her port of Departure. She undoubtedly belonged to, dr was chartered by, the Weft India Company. xviii hitroduElion. Attention was turned to M-:, Ncthcrland. N. r. Colonial " I, 246. That Country," fays the Rep ort, " is confidered to be the moft fruitful of all within your High Mighti- nelfes' Jurifdi6tion, and the bed adapted to raife all Sorts of thi^ Country Produce, fuch as Rye, Wheat, Barley, Peas, Beans, etc., and Cattle ; and that in more Abundance than can be done here, were it fuitably peopled and culti- vated. The granting of Freedoms and Privileges, hath indeed induced fome Patroons and Colonifts to undertake Agriculture there ; but ned to M'« lys the Report, lemoft fruitful iigh Mighti- and the befl Sorts of thi.v Jch as Rye, . Beans, etc., iat in more )e done here, -d and culti- of Freedoms ieed induced Colonics to there; but IntroduEiion. XIX as the Produce cannot be fold any where except in the adjacent Places belonging to the Englirti, who are themfelves fufficiently fupplied, thofe Planters havc; not received a Return for their Labor and Outlay. With a View, then, to give greater Encouragement to Agriculture, and confequently to Population, we Ihould conlider it highly advan- tageous that a way be opened to allow them to export their Produce fven to Brazil^ in their own Ve/Tels, nder certain Duties, and fubjedt to the Supervilion both of the Director In New Netherlands and the Supreme XX IntroduEiion, ^ Council in Brazil ; and to trade i off there, and to carry Slaves baci in Return ; which Privilege of lail- ing with their own Ships from Nc:. Netherland to Brazil^ fliould ht exclufively allowed to Patroons aik Colonics, who promote the Popu- lation in New Netherland, and no; to the Interlopers, who only earn Goods to and fro, without attending to Agriculture. By this Means not only would Brazil be fupplied with Provifions at a cheaper Rate, but New Netherland would by Slave Labor, be more extenfively culti- vated than it has hitherto been, beca who Exp later and Slave brou chea tions and in F Occa Unti to ot Tl in I ion. IntroduBion. XXI and to trade i ry Slaves bad •ivilege of fail- lips from Nc:, ily fliould bt > Patroons aiii ote the Popii- 'land, and no; ho only earn bout attending his Means noi fupplied with per Rate, but uld by Slave infively culti- litherto been, becaufe the agricultural Laborers, who are conveyed thither at great Expenfc to the Colon ifts, fooner or later apply themfelves to Trade, and negledt Agriculture altogether. Slaves, on the other Hand, being brought and maintained there at a cheap Rate, various other Defcrip- tions of Produce would be raifed, Ipd by their Abundance be reduced in Price, fo as to allow, when Occafion would offer, of their ad- llntageous Exportation hither and ti) other Parts of Europe." ' The Trade to Africa was opened, n. r. coiomai tn 1652, to the Colonifts, who xxu IntroduElion, were permitted to import Slave diredlly from that Country, withi certain prefcribed Limits. No im mediate Adtion, however, followc this PermiHion ; and it was ni until the Year 1655 that Slave began to be regularly imported int New Netherland. It is to be borne in Mind, how- ever, that during the War witl Spaitty Privateers fwarmed amon^ the Caribbean IJlands and along the Spanifh Main. Thefe VefTels oc- cafionally brought Prizes to Nc\. Amfterdatn. After the Peace be- tween the United Netherlands and Sfai bctw Frai thcl a nei occa their prize It were "oft( AUe^ of 71 fetrNc grocs V capture SI ion. import Slave 'ountry, witlii in its. No im. I'ever, follovvc, id it was mv f5 that Slave J imported int n Mind, how- he War witl: armed amon^ and along the ie VeiTels oc- Vizes to AVu he Peace be- 't her lands and ^ hltroduBiofi. xxiii. Spaifiy Hoftilitics were carried on between the latter Power and France. To the Privateers under the French V\-\^New Ai)ijlerdani\\\'> x. koj,,,!.,/ '^'"•' '> 577» a neutral Port, where fome of them 578. occafionally came and difpofed of their captured Negroes and other prize Goods.-"' It has been alferted that Negroes /i,„uro/rs were imported mto New Netberland n, 303. "often diredly from Guinea'' This Allegation is bafed on the Defpatch of 7th Aprils 1648, and on the * In 1642, the Privateer La Garce brought in a few Negroes, and in 1652 a Lot oi Forty-four Ne- groes were brought in by another Privateer who had captured tlicni froni a Spaniard. - -«-44'.. UK^-hip nor Mer- that Colony, IntroduBion. xxvii had ever been engaged in the Afri- can Slave Trade. An Effort had, it is true, been made in New Am- fierdam to embark in it, but the Project, fortunately for the Honor of the Country, fell through. ** Of a dired: Voyage from Guinea mjhry u. s., 31I Edition, ni, to the Coart: of the United States ^^^s- no Journal," fays Mr. Bancroft, "is known to exift." The Papers now publiflied will fupply this Defedt in fome Degree; and the J|)urnal of the Slaver St. Johi, though that VefTel was not deftined for the Coaft of North America, yrill give fome Inlight to the 1 !'i xxviii IntroduElion. Horrors of the Middle Paflagt One himdred and ninety -Jive huma: Beings were crammed into tht Hold of that VelTel. Bad Food fliort Allowance, Want of Water foul Air, and Bloody Flux, wen the Attendants on the Paflage ; anc as a Confequence,^y^_yy^'^ per cent of the wretched Beings perifliec on the Voyage. Of the Balance, only one Negro eventually accrued to the Benefit of the Dutch ; for, as a retributive Fate willed it, a Pri- vateer, or Pirate, fwooped down in the Vicinity of Curasao, plundered every thing, and carried off the furv Ma \ Slav Th and on ove vat( Ifla j' Wh to riu the /[iddle Paliage nety-five huniar med into tht 2I. Bad Food /"ant of Water dy Flux, weit ic PalTage ; anc fty-Jix per ceiii eings periflied f the Balance, itually accrued e Dutch ; for, billed it, a Pri- )oped down in ^ao, plundered Tried off the IntroduElion, xxix furviving Negroes "towards the Main." No better Fortune awaited the Slaver, ^he Arms of Amfierdam. This VelTel brought One hundred and one Slaves from Angola, but on her Voyage to Curacao, was overhauled by fome Englifli Pri- vateers among the Weft India Iflands, captured and carried into Virginia. i Curasao was, under the Dutch, what Barbadoes was fubfequently to the Englifh — the Slave Empo- rium to which Guineamen brought dieir Cargoes of human Flefh, to I ( XXX IntroJu&. 1071. be tlicnce dirtrilnitcd tlirougliou this Continent. And in tlie lol. lowing Pages, the Reader will tiin ample Infbiination regarding tlu ac^Hve Trade in Slaves, which \v;i carried on between that Ulaiul, New Netherlands and the Spanilli Poilellions on the Main previous to ^^ 1665. - -^'-^tBCtnicaarts?: t-:'^ti-\;-:^ ■e«haifi!kE3B»Aai^rie^itaja> i. 1 . '< 1 1 i * 1 1 i ' SL red pro( pn Hjf m JOURNAI OK rnK SLAVER St. JOHN. E Weighed anchor, by 1659. order ot the Hon"" w.^,.^ .. Director, yohan Valcken- burch^ and the Hon^''"^ Di- rector ycijper van Heujfen^ to roceed on our Voyage from ^mi?ia to Rio Reael^ to trade f6r Slaves for the Hon^'^ Com- pany. •^ .;: A :M I III 17- ( 2 ) »659- Saturday. Arrived with on * fhip before Arday to take oi board the Surgeon's mate aiii a Supply of Tamarinds for thi Slaves ; failed again next da on our Voyage to Rio Reael, Arrived at Rio Reael ir front of a village called Ban where we found the Compa- ny's Yacht, named the React which was fent out to affift ih to trade for Slaves. Nothing was done except to trade for Slaves. One of our feamen died; his name was Claes van Die- men y of Durgerdafn, 22. Again weighed Anchor and April. May 6. an( for I for foo not Rec ] ^^^f ) •ived with on 3", to take or >n's mate aiii arinds for tlii ain next da 3 Rio Reael. lio Reael ir called Ban the Compa :d the Peaa Jt to affift Hi s. done except >. amen died; les van Die Anchor and (3 ) ran out of Rio Reael accom- 1659. panicd by the Yacht Peace ; J^^ purchafcd there ^wo himdred and fiineteen head of Slaves, men, women, boys and girls, and proceeded on our courfe for the High land of Ambofuis^ for the purpofe of procuring food there for the Slaves, as nothing was to be had at Rio Reael. Monday. Arrived under the 26. High land of Ambojius to look tthere ior Vidtuals for the Slaves, and fpent feven days there, but with difficulty obtained enough for the daily con- fumption of the Slaves, fo that 'I ( I (+ ) i 1659. we rcfolvcd to run to R: ^^.^^^ Ca7?tmerones to fee if any fooi could be had there for thi Shives. June 5. Thiirfday. Arrived at thi Rio Commerones and the Yaclr Peace went up to look for pro- vifions for the Slaves. Thi day died our cooper, namcG Peter Claejfen^ of Amjlerdam, 29. Sunday. Again refolved to proceed on our Voyage, as but little food was to be had for the Slaves in confequence of the great Rains which fell every day, and becaufe many of the Slaves were fufTering from the Bloody Flux in con- Ill fee vii at wei wh< aen hun con Om fix whi fign Yac an for, Con ) run to Ri ic if any foo^ here for tk •rived at tlii nd the Yacli; look for pro- Jlaves. Thi; oper, namcG Amjlerdani 1 refolved to oyage, as but ) be had for ifequence ot which fell xaufe inanv -re fiiffering ^lux in con- { 5 ) fequence of the bad pro- 1659. vinons we were fupplied with ,£^J^ at El Mhia^ aniongft which were feveral barrels of Groats, wholly unfit for life. We then turned ovxt to Adri- aen Biaes^ the Skipper, 0?ie hundred and n'mety five Slaves, confifting of Eighty one Men, One hiifidred and jive Women, fix boys and three girls for which Bills of lading were figned and fent, one by the Yacht Peace to El Mina with an account of, and receipts for, remaining Merchandize. Arrived at Cabo de Loop de]u\y2s. ConfalvQ for wood and water. •liil ^:l» (6 ) 1 1 1659. July 27 II. Our Surgeon, named Maru de Lanoy^ died of the Blood Flux. Aug. 10. Arrived the Company's Shi Raven from Cajlle St. Geor. d^el Mina^ homeward bound, Again refolved to purfii our Voyage tow rds the Iflan of Anneho^ in order to pur chafe there Supplies for th Slaves. We have lain Sixi days at Caho de Loop haulim wood and water. Among th Water barrels, forty were take: to pieces to be refitted, as on Cooper died at Rio Camnu rones^ and we had no other per fon capable of repairing them I nebi hun Bea Jam On ftor 1 cut< of( r Shii tor and oth( iflie mai leal ) lamed Marti )f the Blood :)mpany's Shi Jle St, Geor': ward bound, ^d to purfi! .rds the Iflan )rder to pur )plies for tl t^e Iain ^^7 Loop hauliiii Among th; ty were take; ^fitted, as oil Rio Camnu no other per pairing them Arrived at the Ifland An- 1659. nebo where we piirchafed One w^] — ' hundred half tierces of little Beans, twelve Hogs, y?i;^ thou- fand Cocoa nuts, jive thoujand Oranges, befides fome other ftores. Again hoifted Sail to profe- 17. cute our Voyage to the Ifland of Curacao, The Skipper called the Sept. 21. Ships officers aft, and refolved to run for the Ifland of 'Tobago and to procure Water there ; otherwife we fliould have per- iflied for want of water, as many of our Water cafks had leaked dry. i:i;! m f M! ( 8 ) 1659. Friday. Arrived at the Iflan V — J — ' o( Tobago and fhipped Watt there, alfo purchafed foni Bread, as our hands had ha no ration for three weeks. 27. Again fet fail on our Voyag to the Ifland of Curacao^ a before. Nov. 2. Loft our fhip on the Rift of Rocus^ and all hands im mediately took to the Boat, a there was no profped: of fa vine the Slaves, for we muft aban- don the Ship in confequena of the heavy Surf. 4. Arrived with the Boat at tht Ifland of Curacao ; the Hon*^' Governor Beck ordered tw( bo£ vat t.' ) ^d at the Man dipped Watt ■chafed foni mds had ha ee weeks, m our Voyae Curacao^ a on the Rift 1 hands im. > the Boat, a 3ed: of fa vine ^ miift aban- confequenct • ie Boat at the ; the Hon^' )rdered twc ( 9 ) floops to take the Slaves off 1659. the wreck, one of which floops with eighty four flaves on board, was captured by a Pri- vateer. i ! B I ill it'l l:, ; I \ t ( 10 ) LIST OF THE SLAVES W^o died on board the Six St. John /rom 30^^'-' yu^2e i 29^^ OElober in the Tea 1659. 1659. ; M'«. lFo7neti. Childrr June 30 July I 3 2 1 I 3 I 5\ 6 2 I I 7 8 I 2 I 9 10 , 2 12 ! I 13 2 I H I i6< ( " ) T7 OT A ▼ Tr\ ,. 1659. Men. 1 ! JVomen. Children. i t SLAvjij) T 1 /" ! July 16 3 2 trc/ the S/j: 17 18 2 3 I 30^^-' yup2e I 19 I 1 3 in the Te& 20 I i 1 1 21 I I 23 2 24 25 I 2 I I Women. C/>/A/;t, 26 I 2 28 3 T 29 2 1— 1 1 Aug. 2 2 1 2 I 3 I I ■# 6 I i 1 -^ 8 2 I I 9 1 1 I I 2 16 I man leaped overboard. I 18 I I 'H ^0 j I 9 ^^ ' 1 I ,^» 23 \ 1 I o 1 "I'^l :' '11 ( 12 ) 1659. Men. Women. C/;/7r/n- Aug. 24 I 29 I 31 Sept. 3 6 I 2 I I 7 8 1 I I 13 I I 14 16 2 I 2 I 19 I 23 2 24 26 I 3 I Od. I 2 3 I I 4 I 10 I 2 12 I 13 I 19 I 23 I 29 I 59 47 4 two loft the wit Cut eigh Mei and this -~*-*i*te.. Wo7nen. I Childn I I 2 3 I ( 13 ) On the jirjl of November, two hours before day, have we loft the Ship St, johtiy upon the Reef of Rocus and fled with the Boat to the Ifland of Curaqao^ and left in the Ship eighty jive Slaves, including Men, Women, Boys and Girls, and arrived on the fourth of this inftant at Curaqao, 1659. Nov. I. I I 2 47 I 'li' 'vi ( H ) INFORMATION TakeJt by Order of the Hor. . DireEior Matthias Beck / fpe&mg the Capture of t Companys Negroes aha) cloned on board the Ship ^ John on the Ijland g/'Rocii and of the Company s Sk which was fen t to fave tk by the Hon^^^ DireEior \ Beck aforefaid, APPEARED Jan vc. Gae/en who was fent t the Hon. Director in the Con. pany's Sloop, with the Skippt Hans Marcujfen Stuyve^ to ai in i Slav the and the of> cam day the) fhor Priv Jan Den cam wea com thre not • 11 -^ ( 15 ) ATION • of the Hor. thias Beck ; Capture of t Tegroes ahai 'd the Ship S la?jd of ^iKw iinpanfs Sk t to fave the DireSior \ d. b fan vli no was fent t 1* in the Con h the Skippt Stujve, to ai in faving the aforementioned Slaves, and having failed with the Skipper of the loil Ship and fonie of his Crew, from the Port here on the Scvep/th of Novx-mber towards evening, came on the foHowing Satur- day in light of Bo?2aire. When they were running towards the fhore, they met an Englifh Privateer or Rover whereof yan Piete?fe?i^ a native of Denmark, was Captain, who came off the land and had the weather-gage of them, and commanded them to ftrike, threatening to fire if they did not obey. And this Deponent .1 1; ( i6 ) coming on board the aforcfa Privateer, was afked, WheiK came he and Whither was 1 bound? He anfwered, fro Curaqao and was bound f Bonaire, Whereupon, tl Captain of the Privateer afkci What bulinefs had he then Thereupon, Deponent ai fwered, To look up tf Company's People. He, thtr faid, I am going with n, Ship and remain you here c board and let the Veffel go oi Which they did and came \ Bonaire, Being in the Roac ftead with the aforefaid VciTi on board of which were 5 or rem that Th( to the the Ski No 5 ) d the aforc|;i ifked, When, /hither was 1 tifwered, fro ^as bound i ereupon, tl Vivateer afka had he then eponent ai ook up tf ►le. He, thcr ing with ni 1 you here o ^ Veffel go 01 and came i in the Roac 3refaid Vefli h were 5 or ■- i'-**l^ { '7 ) of the Privateer's crew, one of the men of the wrecked Ship called out from the ihore to thofe of the Veifel, as the Deponent hath afterwards un- derftood. Did you bring along Skipper B/aes — to wit, the Skipper of the wrecked Ship — and have you been to Rocus to fave the Negroes, who remained on board the Ship that lay ftranded there? or, They ought firft to go thither to fave them. Whereupon the Privateers, who were in the bark, faid, addrefling the Skipper of the wrecked Ship, Now, it is enough that we ( '8 ) know that you arc the Skipp of the wrecked Ship ; ai about two hours aftcrwarc the Privateer came with 1 Ship, named the Cajilefriga. carrying yb//r guns and abo thirty men, into the Roadik; where the Veflel lay at anchc Then his Fellows who wt: on board the Company's ba; or Vefl'el, called out; Captai: We have a good Prize — mci tioning the Ship wrecked Rocus — and having berate the Deponent for not havir told him of what had occurm was anfwered, He was \\ bound to do fo ; and at tf fair teft go pro bee the; the for< Sur to wil vate a \ Fire the ( foil faicJ i ) irc the Skip d Ship ; ar irs aftcrwarc ame with I t Cajllefrigu, ins and abo the Roadife I lay at ancho ws who wc: Dmpany's ba: out; Captai; Prize -— mei p wrecked : ving berate :>r not havir had occiirm He was m ; and at tt ( 19 ) fame time reqiicfted and pro- tefted that he flioiild let him go in order that he may profeciite the Voyage he had been fent on. W hereunto they were unwilling, but on the contrary, him detained by force, and on the following Sunday, difpatched the Vefl'el to Little Curaqao againft his will where the aforefaid Pri- vateer had his Lieutenant with a party of his men and a Pirogue to watch, as they faid, the Company's vefl'els. -On the morning of the following Monday, the afore- faid Vefl'el returned with the ' I :i W "<^'.fi, I I ( 20 ) Lieutenant and Crew, leavir, their Pirogue, which they ha taken from the Spaniards, c the coaft of Curaqao^ ftill : Anchor at Little Curaqao^ an towards evening fet fail, takin with them by force the Com pany's Veffel on board ( which he put his crew, leavin in it only Skipper Hans afort faid with two men ; and the took along by force on boan his Ship the Deponent wit the reft of the Crew of th Veffel and fome belonging t the ftranded Ship and pro ceeded on their Voyage t the Coaft of Caraccas wher; coi Fril derl Crew, leavin hicJi they ha Spaniards, c raqao^ ftill ^ ' Curaqao^ an fet fail, takii] rce the Com 'n board ( crew, leavin r Hans afort ^n; and the ►rce on boaii eponent wit Crew of tl belonging t ip and pro ■ Voyage ti raccas wher ( 21 ) coming, the Rover drove a Frigate afhore which was un- derftood to mount fix guns, and with the Company's vefTei ftranded a Spanifh Pirogue, and afterwards proceeded to the little Ifland of David y where they came to an Anchor. Deponent having requefted with the other men to be fet on board their own Bark, they would confent that the De- ponent only fhould go on board the bark or Veflel. The Rover remained there at Anchor and difpatched the Deponent with fourteen of fidd Rover's crew in the Com- ^ i I. >M'lM'i ( 22 ) pany's veflel to Rocus^ wit orders to feize the Slaves ; a good Prize, even though tl Bark named the Young Bri?m Cow^ whereof Jan Ryckartj, was Skipper, which had bet fent thither by the Director t fave the aforefaid Slaves, migl have them on board. The abovementioned Bar had lain four days by tt Wreck, and had made faft line to it in order to get tl Negroes on board by that mear and fave them ; but they coul effed: nothing through drea of the Negroes, and becaiil the hands on board the Bar! ^ ) 3 Rocus^ wit the Slaves i ^en though tl Young Bri?ui ^an Ryckartk bich had bee he Director f i Slaves, migf oard. mtioned Bar days by tl 1 made faft ler to get tl I by that mear )ut they coul hrough drea and becaiil; )ard the Bar! -'-» ( 23 ) were too few. They, there- fore, refolved to await the arrival of the Veffel whereof the aforefaid Hans Stuyve was Skipper, in order thus to be ftronger in hands, and by that means better able to bring the Negroes on board. Then, on arriving there, the Rover's fourteen men did, in the prefence of this Deponent, run aboard them with the veffel, and attack and overpower them in a hoftile manner, and took the boats of the Bark and the Sloop, all the Property of the Company, and with them hauled the Negroes off the '.■•I li^i ili| Slo^ the wai que anf ( 24 ) Wreck to the number of ei^l ^^^ four and having loaded t: rnit Bark the Brindled Cow wi afoi them, proceeded to Dam ijland where lay the Rovt who took all the Negroes ( board. Meanwhile, remained t: Sloop or Veffel with the H of \ ponent at Rocus^ pretendir not ftill an inclination to & Bar fomething, and came the i the following, to David's ijlai like having faved fome cookir thii Kettles and Cordage which al pan they took away to the Rove Cw When this was accompliflie is ( the Deponent enquired if tk .* J f ) Limber of ei^l ng loaded t: d/eci Cow w sd to David lay the Rovt de Negroes ( remained t I with the D; us, pretendir ation to k came the i David's ijlai fome cookir iage which al to the Rove accompHfhe nquired if tk ( 25 ) were fitisfied and would per- mit him to depart with the aforefliid VcHel, or Company's Sloop, rhey anfwered, When they liad hauled wood and water. PerlifHng in his re- queft, lie at lafl obtained for anfwer, That the Sloop was of ufe to them and they would not reftore it, and in cafe the Bark could be of fervice to them, they would retain her likewife, and further, every thing belonging to the Com- pany on the way to or from Curaqao. However, fince Ihe is of no ufe, you can go in D I .'i I !■. ( 26 ) her with all your folks ar. do'nt give much jaw, or yr fhall all march out naked, an do you go quietly on boar and do not hoift a Ungle fa until we are gone. On the evening of the 23c when he had failed, fteerin his courfe towards the Maii land, we took our departiir and this day arrived hen And this he declares to hav thus truly occurred, which ; neceflary he will confirm 1^ oath; in prefence of T/jeiin: Lucajfen and Peter de LeeiK as Witneffes hereunto invitee in qao\ 16 I Skii Slo( C01 ord hac ' ) our folks ar, li jaw, or yr )iit naked, an etly on boar ft a fingle fa le. ig of the 23c liled, fteeriii *ds the Mail our departiir arrived hen lares to hav red, whieh i 1 confirm b :e of Theun: 'er de Leem ;unto invitd ( 27 ) in Fort Amjlcrdam at Cura- qaOj the 2 5^'^ November A" 1659. (Signed) ]an van Gaelen. Witnefs Theun is Lucaifen, Peter de Leeuw. In my prefence, Nicolas Hack, Secretary. Appeared Jan Rykartfen^ Skipper of the Company's Sloop, The Young Brindled CoWy and fays, that he by order of the Hon^'^^' Director, had gone to Aruba, When < I ( 28 ) there, received Inftriidtions t the proceed to Rocus^ to fave tl }Ja Company's Slaves who wii ski driven on Ihore there in tl. not Ship St. 'Joh?i^ coming fror to the Coaft of Guinea. Thii bee orders I immediately execiitu nui On arriving there, I iifed ever fea diligence to reach the Wrco ( and fo far fucceeded as to gi the a line on board, and then t\v in i Negroes came fwimming t upc the l^oat by whom the Hii; Wr had been paffed on board. 1 She afterwards broke .loofe and i Dei confequence of bad weather faic I could not go on board. 1 mij therefore, refolved to wait fo: 3 ) Inftrii6lions t '^s, to Hive tl Vrs who Wci '-: there in tii coming froi liinea, Tlui itely exccutct 'e, I iifcd ever ch the Wrcci eded as to gt and then t\v fwimming t horn the lin, on board. 1 •loofe and ii bad weather m board. 1, -d to wait fo ( 29 ) the Company's veflel whereof Hans Marctijje?i Stuyve was Skipper, who, I had been notified, would come to help to fave the Slaves ; the rather, becaufe my Crew being few in number flood, therefore, in fear of the Negroes. On the 1 6^'^ infiant, arrived the Veifel which attacked me in a hoffile manner. Where- upon the Deponent demanded, What are you about ? He faid. Shew your Sea brief which Deponent did. That, they faid, was well, and added, he might remain in their fervice 'I "I -T' ( 30 ) as long as he plcafcd, whii he refufed, being bound ferve not them, but the Hon Diredlor in the Company ferviee upon which he w difpatched. Neverthelefs, 1 and his Crew were compclli to lubmit, and they forcili took away his Boat, and with the Company's Slaves and t! Boat of the aforeiaid Vcffi on board his own Ship, an commanded him to accon pany them to David's iJJan where lay the Rover, calk the Cajlle frigate^ the Captai whereof was Jan Pieterji of whc maf Cor and the the at / boat out, mor deec Slav and [eth Prov Littl ) )lcafcd, wlii, ig bound Hit the Hon ■ Compani hich he w :verthele/s, i :^re compdli they forciii at, and with )laves and t! reiaid VcHt ^n Ship, ail 1 to accoir ^avid's ijlcuh ^over, calli , the Captai an PieterJ] ( 3' ) of ColdiN^^' in Dcn7)ia7'h. to whom the men belonged who maftered and eaptiired the Company's Veirel aforefaid, and transferred the Slavx's to the Ship. In the meanwhile, the aforefaid Veifel remained at Rocus with the Deponent's boat, in order, as they gave out, to favx' by their means, more Property, and they, in- deed, brought off two more Slaves, fome Elephants' teeth and other trifles, fo that alto- gether they took 84. Slaves and *A City in the S, E. Corner of the Province of North Jutland, near the Little Belt. I '■,11 ( 32 ) 2 fucking Children. They all took and carried off the atou faid Company's Veilel wlierci Ha?is Marcuj[fe?i Stuyve w, Skipper, and told me, tli Deponent, that even had F ha faid Slaves on board the Ikr on their arrival at Rociis^ the fhoiild have taken them avva by force, and declared thci: good prize, becaufe I hai no Commiilion, but only Sea brief. And the Deponcn fiys, that they offered hiii money for the fervice they hat received from his Bark aiiL Crew ; this he refufed to take as fuch fervice was renderec \ 1 ) 1. d riicy all ff the afon -ilcl wlicrci Sttiyve vVu nic, til '11 had I ha rd the J^ar RoCtlS^ tilt them awa lared thcr Life I Jiat but only t Deponcn ffered hiii ce they hat Bark ant fcd to take s renderec ( 33 ) under eonipiilfion, for he owed them no ohedienee and eon Id not reeeive any thing for eom- pulfory ferviee. The Deponent alfo fays, that he hath given the Captain a note that he had reeeived nothing from them, and likewife that the Captain of the aforefaid Rover had fent the Deponent on board, though the Crew of the aforefaid Ha7Js Marcujfe?i Stuyves Bark, belonging to the Company, had remained with him, and ordered me not to fail before he had departed, whieh was on the evening of the 23d of No- E ■r' 'i^;! I' I • I ( 3+ ) vember, he fteering towarc the Coaftj and we to this plac where we arrived this date And this he declares to [ true and, if needs be, \v[ confirm the fame by oatl Curaqao in Fort Afnjlerda, the 25 th November A° 165^ (Signed) Jan Rickertsen. Witnefs. Ghyfbert de Rofa Peter de Leeuw In prefence of me Nicolas Hack, Secretary, ) 'ing towarc to this plac d this datt blares to l eds be, wi e by oatt. Amjlerda, er A° 1659 CKERTSEN. fa )f me Hack, Secretary, ( 35 ) Appeared Ha7ts Marcujfen Stuyve^ Skipper of the Com- pany's Vellel, and declared; On the 7 th of November I failed hence by order of the Hon*^'^ Director for Rocus^ there to fave the Company's Slaves and other property from the Ship St. yohn coming there from Guinea. On the following day, arrived off Bo- naire with the aforefaid Bark, and met an Englifh Privateer, cwr Rover, who having the wind of us obliged us to ftrike. We then launched our Boat in which Jan van Gaelen J00 r>'ji'* h'.'i'\'\* ( 36 ) went on board of him wit two other hands, whom tht detained, and fent my Bo. back with men to take po feflion of my Bark which tht did and carried us againft 01 will to Bonaire^ where bcii come, they put more haiii on board and fent this Dtp nent from there to Liti Curaqao to fetch the Priv.; teer's Lieutenant and fon. men thence, out of a Pirogi which they had taken froi the Spaniards on the Coafti Caraccas and was ftatione there to watch the Companv Veffels going in and out Beii over don ridii retu the and fet ftan the war whe Shii^ our aflic we ijla% and ) of him wit Sj whom till t^nt my Bo to take po •k which tilt us againft oi where bcii. more haiii It this Dtp re to Liti h the Priv;; It and foil of a Piroat taken froi the Coaft i /as ftatioiie. le Company n and out ( 37 ) Being come there, they came over in our Veflel and aban- doned the Pirogue leaving her riding at anchor. Thus they returned to Bo?iaif^e^ where the Rover rode at anchor, and being come there, they fet fail altogether, notwith- ftanding every Proteft againfl: the injuftice they did us, to- wards the Coafl: of Caraccas where they drove a Spanifh Ship afhore, whilft we with our Sloop chafed a Pirogue afliore. Steering thence back we came to Little David^s tjland where the Rover caft anchor, and having put more I'?' 1 • ( 38 ) men on board of us, compel! us to go to Roc us to f; the Slaves from the wrcxk Ship, and if they were alrta faved by the Company's Bai whereof yan Ryckartfen w Skipper, to capture and remc them by force. On arrivi there, we found the Bai which we immediately board and took by force, removi all the Slaves which had i ready been faved. But i though they had been the four days before us, they we unable to eflect any thing the line they had fent i board the Wreck, had aga brol not Wr( viol gro on find the) orde retu wea ther pow The witJ deff cou] lefs ^ ) lis, compdi ROCUS to f; i the wreck y were alrca •mpany's Ba: lyckartfe?t w J re and renit On arrivi id the Ba; liately board rce, removi A^hich had i ed. But ■ id been the ; us, they we : any thing had fent ( :k, had aga; ( 39 ) broke loofe and they could not afterwards approach the Wreck in confequence of the violent wind. Only two Ne- gro men came by fwimming on board of him ; furthermore, finding themfelves !.oo weak, they waited for our coming in order, being thus ftronger, to return and fave the Slaves Sec, weather permitting. Boarding then the Bark, fhe was over- powered, as flated, by force. Then taking their Shallop with ours, the Rover's crew, delpite our Protefls that we could not affift them, much lefi allow them to ufe our Vef- ■•■•il jM Vqi^ ( 40 ) fel, faved and brought on boa the aforefaid Bark of Skip- yan Ryckertfen^ ^^g^ty t Slaves and two Sucklings a fleered away with them David's iJJandy where £ Rover lay at anchor with Veffel named the Cajllefrign the Captain whereof was J Pieterfen of Denmark^ a: compelled us to remain \v; our Bark at Rocus^ with t little Sloop of Jan Ryckeru aforefaid, to fave, as they fai fome other Articles, which di did, namely, eight or nine lit! elephants' Teeth, two cooki: Kettles, fome tin Ware ar Cor witl the evei Cor pell had nen ufe whi givi wer but by thia viol aga ) )ught on bo^ .rk of Skipj Eighty t Sucklings a vith them where t ichor with i 1 Cajllefrigi] ereof was J ^enmark^ a ) remain wr Kus^ witli I ^an Ryckert, s, as they fai les, which di ht or nine lit; ., two cooki: in Ware ai (41 ) Cordage, and proceeded there- with to David's ijlajid^ where the afore faid Rover removed every thing from the faid Company's VeHels, and com- pelled lis to remain until he had hauled Wood and Water. Nay^ he would pay the Depo- nent for his trouble and the ufe of the Veifels and Sloop, which he would not accept, giving for anfwer. That they were fent out not on this, but the Company's fervice by the Hon^''^' Director Mat- thias Beck^ and that force and violence had been employed againd th em . Whereupon the F ( +2 ) Captain of the R /er w greatly irritated, aiv) cariK oil the Deponent's Vi ie'l, ik, withftandin^ he had 'iio; than three times exhibited him his Commiflion whii the Hon^'^' Director had giv^ him, acknowledging even tli the Commiffion was valid ai that he was a Free man, ai had nothing to foy agair him. All which notwithfbiii ing, he afterwards carried ( my Vefl'el with him, fayinr He had need of it, and mac me vacate it with my Mcr permitting us only to take oii Clothing, and then put us o: bor Th( that iorc kno was thii derf Anc to £ whi( the fteei Mai] faid leavi Sailc o(L mail ) : R. /er w ann carrii 'S V' Tel, IK, t liad »^no: exhibited ijfliou whii tor had gi'. ;ing even tli was valid ai ree man, ai lotwithflaiii ds carried i him, layinr it, and mac th my Mcr y to take oi en put us (43 ) borrd Jan Ryckertfen's I^ark. The Deponeiii further faith, that he was compelled per i'orce to fign a Note, not knowing its contents, for it was written in Kngliih, and this Deponent does not un- derftand the Englilh language. And having been ordered not to lail before the Rover left, which was on the evening ol the 23d Noveinber inftant, fteering his courfe towards the Main, we, with the afore- faid Bark of Ja7i Ryckertfen leaving behind one of our Sailors named yacob Pieterfen of Belcom^ who voluntarily re- mained with them, fleered to- ,M ., (++ ) wards this Harbor, where w arrived in fafety this day. An this he deelares to be true an will confirm the fame if ncci be, by oath ; in prefenec ( Ghyjhert de RoJ'a and Peter Leeiiw as witneiles hereiin: invited. Ctiraqao in Fort Ai. Jlerdam the 25 th Novemk A° 1659. (Signed) This is the mark f y^ of Skipper Hans Marcussen Stuyve Witnefs Ghyfbert de Rofi Peter de Leeuw In prefence of me NicoLAES Haek, Secretary van he Va. Mi the as the wit anc in the to 1 cee the pla ) or, where w lis day. Ar, o be true an fame if nac prefencc ( and Peter i. lies hereiin; in Fort Ai :li Novemk "^ of Skipper rSSEN StUYVE •t de Rofa i Leeuw e K, Secretary ( 45 ) Appeared Adriae?i Blaes van dcr Veer^ and faith, that he was commanded by Joha?! Valcke7ihurch General of £/ Mina and the Gold Coajl^ on the 4th of March laft to fliil as Skipper of the Ship St. yohn^ from the Roadftead of the Cajlle del Mina aforefaid, with Commiifary yohan Froon and the accompanying Sailors, in the Company's fervice, to the Calabar i or Rio Real^ there to trade for Slaves and to pro- ceed with them, by order of the aforefaid General, to this place. In obedience to thefe '* "% 1 1' ■ '1 'i ' ,:■] '1 M 1 ! 1 ill ''' li, i i! 1 1 ( +6 ) orders, Two hundred and nk, teen Slaves big and little, wt: actually traded and piirehafi wherewith we failed in ord to proiecute our Voyage ar carry out our Inflrudioi. Not obtaining at the CalahiX fuch fufficiency of provilior as this Voyage demanded, k the fuftenance of the aforcliii Slaves, we refolved to go to tl Highland of Ambojius wlui we were unable to proem any Provifions, as was oi deiire. We, therefore wer; to the River CameroneSy when we obtained a few Articles but not as much as we wanted Vo^ Go] tool the] we ) Ired and nk, icl little, wt [ui piirchafc\ tiled in Old r Voyage ai Inftriidioi; the Calak of provifior demanded, ii the aforcfai 'd to go to tl nbojius wIuT to prociir as was 01 refore wtii eronesy when ew Articles, s we wanted (47 ) Ncverthelefs, we piirfued our Voyage towards Capo de Lopo Gonfalvcs^ at wliich place we took in V'-^ood and Water, and thence flood acrofs although experiencing great mifery and want of food, to A?uibo^ where we got fome Provifions and went on our Voyage and made land in the month of OElober laft at the I Hand of Tobago^ the greater portion of the Slaves having died Irom Want and Sicknefs, in confequence of fuch a very long Voyage, fo that we faved only Ninety Slaves, out of the whole Cargo. Having taken in wood and m "f \w 'M'iM (+8 ) water and a few Refrefhiner from the fiirroiinding lilanc we fet fail and after -we fix, our coiirfe on the Jirjf inftai weft by foiith, we ran alho: two hours before day, on o of the Rifts of Rocus^ on t North Eaft fide of the lilai; rerceiving our danger, v faved ourfelves with all t: Crew in the Boat, leaving t Negroes in the Ship, takif our courfe to this place, order to inform the Hon Director M. Beck of our Ali fortune. After we had It fome of the men at Bonajr becaufe the Boat was u nea^ we infti felv( Din witl whi had the ord( fels Jan pan on t ovei fel, Stu;^ van ) Refrefhiner. nding Iflanc after we fix^ e/r/? inftar ve ran aihoi e day, on o Rocus^ on t of the lilaii danger, v with all t It, leaving t: Ship, takii this place, ; n the Hon k of our iM; we had V rv at Bonajr Dat was u M ( 4-9 ) heavily laden with the Crew, we arrived here on t\\c fourth inftant. Ffaving reported oiir- felves to the aforefaid Hon^'''-" Diredor, he difpatehed me with the above I^oat to Aruha^ whither tlie Company's Velfels had failed, the day before, on the Company's biilinefs, with orders to proceed in faid Vcf- fels with hve of my men, and Jan van Gaeloi^ the Com- pany's fervant. Arriving there on the following day, we went over in the Company's Vef- fel, whereof Hans Marciijjhi Stuyic was Skippt-r, with Jan van Gaelc7i^ and two of my G I ( 50 ) Crew, and the other thret my men in the Bark, ca! The Yotmg Brindled Co^i:^ which ya7i Ryckertfen \ Skipper, all in the fervicx the Company. We purfued our Vov; without any mifliap, purfu to the orders we had recciv from the aforefaid Hon^'^^' I redtor here, and fo on to 7?w to ilive the Slaves and Slii property, and having fa[ on the evening of thcfeva after remaining half an hi here, we arrived in the afc noon of the following day Bonayre where we met Enf the and and afoi wer hirt] and Th( diff whi he Shi] part Pie< faid ing fore % ) other three e Bark, cat indled Co^i:^ the fervice 1 our Voy;: Ifliap, purfii; e had receii aid Hon^'J^' [ fo on to R(j[ -ves and Slii having fai of they^w,: ; half an In d in the afc lowing dayt we met . ( 51 ) Englifh Privateer, who having the wind of 11 s, overtook us and compelling us to ftrike and to fend off a Boat, the aforefaid Jcdi van Gaekfi went on board him, who told him, we came from Curaqao and were going to Bo?iayre. Thereupon, the faid Privateer difpatched in our Boat, in which ya?i va?i Gaele?i whom he detained, had gone to his Ship, on board our Veffel a party of his men to fearch for Pieces of Eight which, they faid, we had. Then not find- ing any, as we had none, they forced us to run with them n ( 52 ) up the Roadftead of Bo?2ay?'e^ wlicrc wc arrived about tuo hours before the Privateer. Some of my Men who >verc on ihore, not knowing any thing of thele proeeedings, called out. If I were on board? The Privateer's men takin' (.86 ) there, your Vigilance might effed: a great deal of good by tranfmitting a Letter on the fubjed: to him, which fhall alfo be done here when an opportunity offers. 'J* ^V* *t* *^ *^ 'V 't* *t* "T" I greatly defired that the Ships expeded with Negroes had arrived, in order to enable me to fend your Honor fome lufty fellows, but none have come up to this date, although looked for every day. We muft poftpone doing fo until the next opportunity, God willing. JOURNAL OF THE SLAVER Z\)t 2Lxms of 3Cmfterdam AND HER CAPTURE. ! V Jt CI) oft Jlerc van dam Affii arriv JOURNAL OF THE SLAVER. €l)e Tivms of 3lmfterDam, AND HER CAPTURE. AULUS Heyn Ridder from Staden^ aged about 51 years, Pilot of the Ship the Arms of Am- JlerdafHy and Leendert yacques van Cuelen^ born at Amjler- dam^ aged about 26 years, Affiftant Commiffary, who arrived here yefterday from Virginia^ in Mr. Fofcom's Bark, M If ( 90 ) appeared at the Meeting of the Diredlor General and Council of JVew Netherkifid^ and made known and declared as fol- loweth : That they, the Deponents, fet fail from the Cajlle del M'ma on the 21 ft February laft in the fervice and for the account of the Hon^^^ Incor- porated Weft India Company, Chamber at Amfterdam, in the Ship the Arms of Anijler- dam^ at which time ya?i Ger- rjtfen Nuchteren^ who died on the paflage on the , was Skipper, with orders and command from the Hon*"^^ Ge- 'M ., ( 91 ) ncral Jcin Valckenburgh to repair to Loango in Angola^ to take in a cargo of Slaves there, and convey them to the 111 and of Curaqao, April 1 5 . Having arrived at Loango and taken on board i o i head ol Slaves there for account of the abovementioned Com- pany, On the 28th of faid month, again fet fail for Curaqao. |une 20. Sighted Curaqao^ but could not reach laid Ifland in confequence of the flrong Current and ftift* EafI: wind. Having vainly endeavored, during three days and three ( 92 ) nights, to laveer, and Water beginning to get very low, we were neceffitated to change our courfe, and thus July 2, came to the Salt ground of Caymany which is one of the Cayman Iflands, where, whilft engaged in taking Water and fome Turtle on board, on July 6, about noon. Jive Ships came to anchor there; four with Englifh flags and one under Portuguese colors, which laft, called the Maria of London^ whereof one Robert Douwneman was Captain, after fhe had taken fome hands on board from the other Ships, (93 ) immediately weighed anchor again, and came down on the Deponent's Ship, calling out, '^ Strike for the King of Por- tugal ;" and at once, without giving time to ftrike, fired a {hotted Cannon and a difcharge of Mufketry killing two Ne- groes dead, and wounding one Dutchman. After having thus fired, came ftraight on board, feized the Ship and Negroes, forced the Crew to go to the Ship aforefaid and plundered every thing. The Captains of the four Englifh Ships abovementioned, one of whom was called Captain Gey ■aL:atti!,';at.if#:i.a,"ju{„f^ !i H] ( 94 ) and another, Captain Brom- 7nert^ got fomc of the Negroes becaiife they had furniilied him men, but the Deponents do not know how many. After they had lain there fome days, faid Captain having firii: dif- mantled his own Frigate fet her on fire, and July 1 8, liiiled thence with the alorelliid Ship, The Anns of Ajujlerdam^ having enlifled fome of the Sailors, giving out that he intended to fail to Montferrat in the Caribbean Iflands, but as the Ship was a poor Sailer, and Water was fhort, he fet fail for Virginia and arrived \. % tVi^ (95 ) September lo, in the Bay there. September 19, arrived at Eli- zabeth's river ^ whenee the De- ponent went to Nancimo?i, Odober 6, departed thenee for this plaee in Mr. Fofcojns J]ark, and arrived here yefler- day. All which they declared to be true and truthful. In tef- timony whereof thefe prefents are ligned by them in Fort Anijlerdam in New N ether - Z^W,thei3^^ O&oberA.'' 1663. FINIS. i I 9 APPENDIX. N ( )!• A C Dh [164 be p were that Ihall ADDITIONAL PAPERS RELATIVi; TO Cfje ^Ube Cralie UNDER THE DUTCH. DireElors at Amjlerdatn to DireElor Stuyvesant. '^ J{: * [1646.] TTAVING obferved that in. more Negroes could be profitably traded off there than were carried thither in the Ship Tamaridare, we fliall pay attention that for the future more Negroes fliall be conveyed thither. ""••MtllMMMIH f I ( ICO ) Bill of Sale of a Negro, BEFORE me Cornells Van Tlenhoven, Secretary of Nnv Netlierla?tdy appeared Fredrick Luh- berfen, who declared to have fold unto Richard Lord, a Negro named Anthony, which Negro, he the Grantor hereby conveys and tranl- ports in right ownership to th abovenamed Richard Lord, who fliall be at Hberty to ufe the faid Negro during his Hfe, at all fuch work, as he, Richard Lord, fliall think proper. He Fredrick Luh- berfen declares from this day forward to delifl: from all property in the faid Negro. In teftimony whereof thefe prefents are ligned by Fredrick Lubber/en and witnefs hereunto in- vited, 28th 9ber 1646. FRf:RICK LUBBERTSEN. To my knowledge, CoRNELis VAN TiKNHOVEN, Secretary. Adriaen van Tienh( ven, Witnefs. 'jV; ( 101 ) )l ' v_. ■■! !'■■ :) ( 13+ ) Other neceflaries and appurtenances thereunto belonging, and the liune to mount with Ten good pieces of Cannon, with the requilite powder and fliot and other ammunition in proportion, but the necelfary con- ilimption of powder and fliot afure- laid fliall be made good by the Company, which Ihall aUb put on board faid Ship in addition to the Tt'fi pieces aforelliid as many other guns as they pleafe and can conve- niently place, and (liall provide and pay the expence of the powder and Ihot therefor, on condition that in the necell'ary confumption thereof, the aforefaid Skipper fliall bear the contingent of his Ship aforefaid; that further, faid Company fliall man faid Ship with fuch and lb many hands and provide them with fuch flores as faid Company will pleafe and think proper. Which ! \} ( 135 ) being done on the one fide and the other, the aforefaid Ship flrall on the part of laid Company, be laden with a full and fuitable cargo, or to fiich extent as faid Company fliall think proper ; being laden with all fuch goods, wares and merchandizes as they will determine, the aforefaid Ship Ihall, with the firft fair wind and weather that God will grant, be difpatched and fail from this country dired: to the Coafi: of y^f- rica and run along faid Coafi: from above downward, or from C\ipe Verd down, and touch, trade, lie and remain at all trading ports and ports, according to the pleafure of laid Company and their Commif- fary, unto the Caftle St. George d'el Mina^ where they fliall receive or tind orders from the Company's Diredor General and Council or Ihall be firniflied with them on ' I-. I ft ,. I . . V , ( '36 ) failing hence; And lail towards the Bight of Guitica and touch ami trade at all other places lying therein ac "ordinr, to the ord^r which Ihall b J given him by the Diredor Cie- i-eral or here ; from thence proceed fui her to the Illands of Ciira^ao^ Bonaire^ and Aruba in the U'cji Indies, and alfo to New Netherlands and all round every where elfe the Company, or its Minilfers, (hall determine and order, and likewife at all laid quarters and places trade and traffic Goods, Wares and Mer- chandizes and alfo take in people, load and unload at the pleafure of the aforefaid Company or its Min- ifters ; And to that end fail to and from, run hither and thither, an- chor, lie, load and unload at laid Coafts, Quarters and Places as often and as frequently and fo long as the fervice of the Company fuch fliall ( KU ) deinar i ; Furthermore, i eturn and c^nie thence to thi^ city Anillcnlam or the def^'ned port of difcharge, and on her fate return and arrival, there difcharge and dehver to the aforefaid Company her laden return cargo and goods. Which done, there fliall he paid to him the Skipper for the contradled freight, every month, the fum of Eight hundred guilders of xx iHvers each, on condition that the Company is bound for the term of Six fucceliive months or longer, to he calculated according to the length of time, all current months according to the Ahnanac, to run and commence when the Ship (hall, in the profe- cution of the Voyage, reach the Sea outfide the laft buoy of the T('Av/, and to expire when flie fhall arrive and calf anchor before this city of Affijierdani or her delHned S -\ * ,,' 1 "."SM I i ( 138 ) port of difcharge, payable xiiii days (a three weeks after the aforeliiid difcharge here, hefides average and pilotage according to the cuilom of the Sea, and over and above alio Hat money for the abovenanicd Skipper at the Company's difcrc- tion. And faid Skipper, with and befides the Company's Crew, iliall alfo make the Voyage with tlic aforeiaid Ship in order to look to faid Ship, her appurtenances, (5cc., making ufe of the Company's ftores, but the monthly pay or wages not being at its charge ; And he lliall be, over and above, fubjed: to the orders and infl:ru(ifions, articles and other rules of the Company during the Voyage, no more nor lefs than it he had been fworn to obferve the lame, they being taken as inferted herein, and efpecially alfo in regard to particular or private forbidden ( 139 ) ti;uliFig, in rtiippiiig or conveyance of particular or private goods, nierchan- di'/es or wares, on pain according to the aforefaid Articles, Orders and Iiiilrudtions of the faid Company. The ahovementioned Dire(^l:ors, par- ties hereunto, pledging for the pay- ment of the aforefaid contraded monthly or freight moneys, average aiul pilotage, their private perfons and property, and the aforefaid Skipper, fpecially, alfo his perfon, Ship, appurtenances and contrad:ed freight moneys, and generally all his other property, real and perfonal, prefent and to come without any exception, fuhmitting the fame to the Court of Holland and all laws and judges, all aboveboard. Done at Amjierdam in the prefence of Cryn van Sev enter and Marten He- gcrvelty free citizens [poorters) here, witnelfes hereunto invited. «« M ..I ( HO ) Bill of hadbig of Negroes, IJafi Pii'tcrfcn o\' l^ockuf/iy Skipper ' under (Jod of my Ship iianuil the SjuTa Mundiy now lying ready heture Curacao, with the Hrll lair wind which (iod (hall vouchl'afc, to Tail to Nt'iv Ncthcrlandy where my correc^t unloading Ihall take place, acknowledge that I have received under the deck of my aforelliid Ship, from you l^rijus BruyHy to wit. Five Negroes, whereof one is a Negrels, all dry and well conditioned, and marked with the annexed mark. All which I pro- mile to deliver (if God grant me a fafe Voyage) with my aforelaid Ship at A^. Nctbcrland aforelaid, to the Hon^^''^ Diredor General Pctrm Stuyvcjanty or his Fador or Dcpu- ( '+• ) tics, on payment for the freight ot the ahove defcrihecl goods, at the difcretion of the laid Director (Jcneral, and for the performance hereof, I hind myfelf, and all my giiods and my aforefaid Ship and appurtenances. In vvitnefs of the truth, I have figned three Copies hereof with my name, all of the liune tenor, the one heing latisHed, the others to he void. Written at Curai^ao the 24th day of Aiignjl^ Anno 1659. Jan Pieters Gros of Dockiun. ««•« ( H2 ) rice Dirctfor Hixk to Dirctlor S rUVN'I'.SANI'. I lonor.iMc, Valiant, Will-, Piiulcnt ami moll Diicrcct Sir. *svv, INOW traiiiinit to your Ilonor iliiplicatcs of what I have al- rcaily lent hy thcCJaliot Nc-w /Ifiijlcl, Skipper .liigulli/ins I Iccr/fidnSy ami it will he very agreeahle to nie it I may he inlornieil hy the earlitil opportunity of their Ipeedy and iaic arrival. I woukl not forego the prelent tavorahle occaiion and (Op- portunity of the Ship Sprra M/o/di, "Yif/i Pii'trrfcn Skipper, to accjuaiiit you oF the circunithmces ol tliis Illand up to the prelent time ((Jod ( '+.! ) h'etlur 1659. PruiU'iit [•acquaint of tliis |nc (Cod lu' prailcd!) in regard to tin* (^)in- iiuirc with our iicarc-ll Nciglihors. llitlurto thrrc liavc not I)cl'Ii im- portc'il as many goods as the dcinaml rcc]iiircs, and clpccially the trade in Negroes at this place whith tlie Company hath relerved to itleU, or life all are lolii. 'I 'here are lying here, at prefent, t\\") Ships ready to (ail hence tor V\\- therland, whith oeeiipy my whole time, lo that I have not much Icilure to write to your Ilonor at kiigth. The one is the Company's Ship called the I\ ///g So/o///of/, \wh\ch arrived here on the 2d ot July from (juincii, with Three hiuidrcd and thirty one Slaves. Of theie I have Told 300 {a One hundred and Jif'ty pieces of I^ight each, to a certain Spanilh trader whom I am daily c\pec^ting to come here and receive them, which I with may occur MIKiWnwiii iMKii ii'W'WuwuMWatitoii ( H4- ) before the departure of the aforc- faid two Ships in order to he ahle to tranlinit the proceeds to the Lords Mailers. Ffdfick Briiyn. purchafed out of the aforefaid lot of Negroes lor your Honor, Two l^oys and a (Jirl who go over in this Ship. I have done every thing pollihle to protec^t tlieni againil the cold. Vraiick Bruyn hath alio purchai'ed Two for Com miliary Van Briigb, who like- wii'e go by this conveyance {)n i'aid Commilfary's account. \'uLir Honor will pleai'e to have ilich pay- ment collected therefor from laid Fcm Br?/g/j for the Company, as you will coniider jufi:. Commiliary Laurens van Riiyvcn hath alio pur- chai'ed Two young Negroes here for account of his brother the Secretary ot your Province, at the iame price as the lot ibid for here, viz., One atorc- bc aMc U) the out of •Qcs lor i ii (liii 1 have ) protcd Uniiick 'Two for ho hkc- iince on t. Your iich pay- rom laid ipany, iis mmilVarv ime pl- ain ( i45 ) hundred ■xw'X fifty Patacoons/'' T llill in daily expectation of a Ship with Negroes. I willi they were come, even were they a thoufaiul head. I expec':f the ahovenien- tioiied merchant here, as already Ihited, to take awav thofe of the 'iZ. A7//i^- Soloui'ju. lie is well able and will eagerly buy the whole lot at once. I have received orders from the Lords Maflers to lend your Honor againll the Spring, Ibme fiftcoi or fixtccn Negroes whom I coidd have calily dilpatched now, but we have no coarle cloth to clothe them, and are fearful that they will not be able to endure the Winter there. As Negroes will be plenty here in future, I thought it beff, according to orders, to poitpone fending them A S[\inilli Coin ot the \'aluc ol $1.04. T ( h6 ) until the Spring, when I fliall he fending a young Negro Girl for Mr. Augujiinus Hecrmans according to his requell. Meanwhile, I hope to receive for my inftrudion, your Honor's advice and order as to whether you will require any nie)re Negroes than the above, and of what age and in what numbers you wilh them fent. 1659. December 26, Diredor Stuyvefafif writing to the Diredors at Holland fays : " The Negroes purchafed at Cu- rasao for fli^o (a, 150 and paid for, cannot be fold here (at New Amjlcrdam) again at that price, either in Beaver or Tobacco, lb that all the expences of going and returning are entirely loft." ( H7 ) Vice Diretior Beck to the Dlre&ors of the IVeJl hidia Co?npa?iy, CuragaOy \th Feb.^ 1660. Noble, Honorable, Refpeded, Wife, Prudent and moll Difcreet Gentlemen. Gentlemen^ MY lart to your Honors, dated 5. January, as per copy en- cloled, was by the Ship Gideon, Skipper Simon Cornelijjen by way of the Caribbean IJlands. You will learn from my lafl: let- ters, and from the annexed papers Tent again herewith, the fate of the Ship St. John, which was due here from Guinea with Negroes, and iiMjiniiiiiiiiifiiiiiiiiiiiiii -"-'— "-'-^-'■^rl'tirr ( h8 ) which according to your Honors' orders was to replace the Ship Dic- nicn liere. What caules us molt grief here is, that your Honors have thereby loll ilich a tine lot of Ne- groes and fuch a fait failing Bark which has been oui right arm here. •• Although I have llrained every nerve to overtake the Robbers ot the Negroes and Bark, as Ihited in my lall, yet have I not been as fuccefsful as I wilhed. I iliall communicate the particulars to your Honors, God willing, by the Ship *SV. George^ which is about to fail di- red: from hence this month. If no remedy can be found to prevent fuch Robberies, and villainous crimes as the carrying away of the Company's Slaves and Bark, and no profecution and redrefs follow, they will not * Sec Journal and Papers in firlt Part of this Volu.nc. "m. ,f!': ( H9 ) only peiiift therein, hut even ftrike terror into the Spanilh merchants who come here to trade. Incloled herein goes a Minute of what I have provilionally judged nccellary, with the advice of the Council, to he done againll them. Cc^.py thereof has heen furniihed to Sifnon Corneli[j'e Giliit\ to he ufed hy him, according to circumlhmces. And although my zeal he hearty and fmccre to purfue fuch Rohbers, and as much as pollible, to repair and make good your Honors' lolfes, yet have I been fcrupulous, as I did not wifli to do too much or too little. Therefore do I refpedtfuUy folicit your Honors to fupply me herein with fuch orders, ample advice and power, that I may fet to work and execute them unfcru- puloully againfl: limilar and fuch like Robbers, when occalion offers, P'**'*tlW!ya» llJi!lW !i TO ' *' '' W i JJii 1.0 I.I ume 12.5 1.25 1.4 1.6 •« 6" ► 0% ^^ V2 ^'^^^ ^ * ^>' > O ^ '">> > / -^ /a Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) 872-4503 %^ \ ■' ^:ii&£^tm i!-'^'M%mit^'^.:,,tkisg,^ ( 15+ ) object of their Voyage would be thereby fruftrated, and they (hould in confequence fuffer excelVive dam- ages. I found myfelf, therefore, obHged to foHcit as well the free- men as the Company's fervants, to loan from their Plantations to the Company as many Negroes as they could polfibly fpare, under the pro- mife that good flout Negroes fliould be returned in their ftead, out of the firfl: lot which would come for the Company. In this way, what with the Cape Verde Negroes, and thofe of the Company and of pri- vate individuals, I have colleded together with great trouble Sixty tico head. As there were among them fome old and fome young, two were dedudled for them, as appears by the original Receipt tranfmitted herewith. They have accordingly paid me here for Forty Jix head, as ( 155 ) per contract, (tl One htimlred and twenty pieces of Eight, amounting to Five thou I and, five himdred and twenty pieces of Eight, leaving Fourteen head of Negroes, for which the aforefaid Meir"^^ HeBor Pieterfen and Guillaume Momma are to pay your Honors in Holland, as is more fully fet forth in the receipt to which for brevity fake I refer. * ;•: :•: :•: :•: The aforefaid Captain, highly gratified and contented, failed from here with his two Ships on the 15th January for Forto Bello, as he informed me. jf; ^J; :i: :i: •<: I received by the Ship Gideon, from Cape Verde only Twetity eight Slaves, old and young, as appears by the receipt delivered to the Skipper. In confequence of their condition and age, they are not 't^^-fifiii^m>mii^M,>iLm:jgu«*m^ m ( X56 ) worth fo much as the Negroes lately brought by the Kifig Solomon. But I have fince been informed that if a handfome lot of Negroes could, when opportunity offers, be imported from that place, thofe would proportionably advance in price. What your Honors recommend to me in regard to Privateers, that they Ihall not be allowed to come here or hereabouts, I have fully communicated to our oppofite Neighbors,'-' and to the Spanilh Nation in other places. Few Pri- vateers will come into our harbor, becaufe they know that they are fufpefted here, unlefs they come into port in numbers under one pretence or another, to fee if they cannot obtain fome advantage over us for purpofes of plunder, as the Rovers * That is in Venezuela and the Spanifli Main. Ei>. ( 157 ) have indeed threatened us. Though well on our guard here againft them, vet mufl: our defence depend on human hands in fuch circum fiances. The reinforcement your Honors have now fent in the Ship Love is not fufficient to oppofe a great force, becaufe, on the other hand, as many of the old Soldiers, whofe time is expired, are going away as nearly balance the reinforcement jult arrived. With fo few men we cannot re- lift any evil difpofed Spaniards, if they rtiould have any bad defign in their heads, and be as ftrong as the two Ships which lately arrived here in our Harbor with full Two hun- dred and Jifty hands. The fame holds good in regard to the French and Englifh Privateers, who here- tofore have vifited our Harbor, and we place as little confidence in the ■immmi3^mi!>.sjA^>^>. ( 158 ) one as in the other. The Spaniards feeing that we are fo weak, can 67 ) peaceable pofTeffion once of the Land, and the avenging of numer- ous fuffered affronts and murders. An important fervice would be conferred on the Company, on us and the Country if there were among the fold Negroes, fome of experience who had redded a cer- tain time at Curacao. Dire&ors at A7njlerda7n to DireSior Stuyvesant. Amfterdam^ the ()th Marchy 1660. * * NOW as regards the trade in Slaves, or Negroes, which the Inhabitants there at Curasao might purfue, that is permitted to them as to other Merchants, with the underftanding, however, that it is -d»mmHimm*tim ( '68 ) not to be at a lower price, for the reafon that the Company here would thereby be ferioully preju- diced. But as Agriculture there would be beneficially promoted by Negroes, and the advancement thereof is of great importance, and the profperity of that State is, for the moft part, dependent thereon, we have, therefore, con- cluded and even refolved to try an experiment with a parcel of Negroes which we fliall have con- veyed to your Honor by the rirll: opportunity which a Ship or Ships may offer from Curasao. Thefe Negroes (hall then be publicly fold to the highefl bidder there, on the exprefs Condition, neverthelefs, that they (hall not be removed thence, but be employed in culti- vating the Land. To this end, an exadl regifter fliall be made and ( i69 ) kept, as your Honor will fee by the accompanying form of the iiforelaid Conditions. * * :i: :i: :•: ki Propofed ContraEi to unport Slaves into New Nethe?^la?id, THIS day, the underfigned Di- redor and Council of New Nctherlafidy thereunto authorized by Refolution of the Chamber at A/nJicrdam^ on the one part, and the Owners of the Ship whereof is Skipper, burthen about Tons, on the other part, have agreed and contracted that a Permit and Commiirion in due form (hall be granted to the aforefaid Skipper, to buy Slaves, and further to profecute fuch ad- vantage as faid Owners fliall deem X t i. , I; ', I ''' ( 170 ) expedient on the Coaft of ylfrica ; in like manner to return here to the Manhattans with the laid Slaves and their further cargo, provided neverthelefs that they fliall not be at liberty, in regard to the Coail of Africa, to refort on the granted Permit to the Gold Coaji, and there- fore not to go Wefterly further than Ardre or at mod to Popo, on pain of the lofs of the Ship and Goods laden therein, to which end the Directors and Council fliall be at liberty to place a Supercargo on board faid Ship, (whom the Skipper fliall be bound to entertain in the Cabin,) and if neceflary to caufe the People therein to be Iworn ; for which aforefaid Permit and Com- miflion the aforefaid Owners pro- mife, on the return of the laid Ship and before her difcharge, promptly to pay to the Diredor ( i7> ) and Council aforefaid, or their deputies, a duty of Fifteen Guilders for each Negro, without making any exception or objedion thereto. Under bond of their perfons and Goods, none excepted, with renun- ciation of benefit ordinis divi/ionis ct excuffiofils, having entire know- ledge thereof Done New Amjler- dam this Remonjlrance on the preceding propojed ContraSi. Honorable, Wife, Prudent Lords, Petrus Stuyvefant^ Governor Ge- neral, and the Councillors o^ New Netherlands Curasao and Depen- dencies thereof. Hofiorabky THE Underfigned Burghers and Inhabitants of this City New Aiujlerdaviy your Honors' liege Sub- ( 172 ) je6ts, moft refpedtfully reprefent that they are inclined to a foreis^n Trade, and efpecially to the Coalt of Africay according to the Con- cellion of the Hon'''"" Directors granted in the year 1652, as a fpecial privilege to the Inhahitants of this Place, in order to fetch thence Slaves and other Wares might be difpofed of here and elfewhere, whereby this City and the entire Country would increalc and profper in Merchandize, Com- merce, Population and more elpe- cially in the Tobacco Trade, to the advantage not only of thele Inhabitants, but alfo of the Hon'''^" Weft India Company which would behold, in time, a vaft, populous, and rich commercial Province fpring up in thefe parts therefrom. But it has appeared to them that thofe who would execute with ( 17.5 ) Skipper or Merchant going to that Country a Draft of Partnerfhip, which is hefet and pinched by fuch precife Conditions, would rifk their lives and Goods, and at heft gain nothing, or run the rifk of having Ship and Goods contifcated. For, hefides the entire of the Gold Coaji being excepted in that Conceffion, it appears that Cape Verde, Siera LeoJidy the Greyti (Pepper) and ^la ^^la Coaft are alfo excluded ; for it is not permitted to refort further Weft, at fartheft, than Popo Sonde. Moreover, the Go/d CoaJi which from Cape Apolonia to Cape des Rodes or Mount Berique is reckoned 60 leagues, can be extended much further, as will be feen, to any place where Gold may be found. And lis regards Slaves ; for each head 1 5 Guilders muft be paid, and then the payment for them in Tobacco or Beaver, is again taxed when ( '7+ ) rtiipped to Fatherland, which iiiipofes too heavy a burthen on this hazardous Trade. The Hon'"'^' Company, in the meanwhile, mull perceive that our Neighbors the French, Engl if li, Swedes, Danes and Courlandcrs, are by means of the Netherlaiui- ers who repair to them, trading along the entire Coaft, even un- der their ilrongholds, without any proht being derived therefrom by the Company ; Yea, they llitfer rather very ferious lols thereby, as is manifert from the example of Arcnt de Groot who in the Year 1 638, built a Fort at Cormantyn for the Englilh, and of Hendrick Cacr- lojf\ the former Fifcal, who built another at Cape Corfe in the Year 1650, for the Swedes. Your Honors' fubjecSts palling by thefe ftrongholds, take another courfe and as faithful fubjedls, ad- ( 175 ) drcfs themfelves to you, humbly praying permiHion to trade free and unobftrudted in Ship or Ships, along the whole of the Weft Coaii of Africa, that is, from Cape Vcrd to Lapc Lopes a Gonjahey in all Bays, Rivers and Coafts, without any exception, the Hon'"'^' Com- pany's ftrongholds alone excepted, according to the Rules and Orders, on payment, either here or in Hol- land, of fuch moderate duty as (hall be agreed on. This doing, 6cc. (Signed) CoRNKLIUS StKKNVVYCK, Maktkn Kri:(;ii:r, ThKMOTHI'US (jABRIE, Oi.oFF Stkvenskn, GoVKRT LoOC(^KRMANS, ^ Jacob Stryckkr. P. L. Vandk Grift, PlETER RUDOI.PHUS, Hendrick Jansen Vanuer V'ier, Peter Couwenhoven, Jacob Steendam, Johannes Verveelen. ( '76 ) The preceding Petition bciii[r read and conlidered, the follovviii'r Apoftil was annexed thereto : The Director General and Coun- cil confider themielves unqualified, without the previous knowlcdi^a* and approbation of their Supe- riors, the Lords Dired:ors of the Incorporated Weft India Company, Chamber at Amjlcrdaniy to grant any further enlargement than the Ad: herein mentioned implies. The Petitioners, therefore, muft make application on the fubjed: to that Board. Done Fort Amjlerdam in New Netherla?id^ 3d May, 1660. Bill of Ladi?tg of Negroes, I UNDERWRITTEN Janjan- > fefi Eyckcfihooniy Skipper under God of my Ship called the Eyck- w ( «77 ) cnhoom, lying at prelcnt in the Harbor of the Illand of Curasao, rciuly to iail for Neiv Netherlands hereby acknowledge to have re- ceived in my Ship aforefaid from the Hon'^l^" Vice Diredtor Matthias Beck for account of the Ilon'^''^ Company, Twenty head of Sound Slaves or Male Negroes, whom I undertake and promife to deliver after the profperous and fafe arrival of my Ship in New Netherlands unto the Hon'^'^" Dire(5lor General and Council there, firll: acknow- ledging to have executed triplicate Receipts therefor, one of which being fatisfied, the others (hall be void. Curasao in Fort Anijierdaniy the 8 May, A« 1660. Jan Janse Eyckenboom. ( i7« ) DireElor Stuyvrsant to the DireFiors at Anijlerdain, Amjlcrdam in New Netherlands \ 25 y////t', 1660. j ***** WE are this inftant informed liy a Fiiherman, that the (laliot Neiv Amjlel is in light with another flute with Horfes and Negroes from Curasao. We ihall comnui- nicate to your Honors hy the Hrft opportunity, perhaps the Ship Faith, what intelligence we receive from there, and in the mean time will execute your orders as to the llilc of the Negroes. :i: :i: :•: :f: :\% The Flute already mentioned, which arrived here from Curacao with the Galiot is named the Eyck- ( '79 ) cnhoofiiy and was difpatchcfi i6 or 17 months ago in the Icrvicc and pay of the Company to Guinea^ and thence with Negroes to Curui^ao. * * ::: :|: Jj: Nineteen Negroes arrived here in the fame Veliel ; the twentieth died on the Voyage. The remainder are in tolerahle health. DireElor Stuyvksant to Vice Dire&or Hkck. Amjlerdam in Neiv Netherlands ) 5 y^^^> 1660. ] s}i jfJ =5^ -i^ ■f'- IN refped: to the Three Negro Boys received hy the Ship Sphera Mnndiy they will be accepted on the fame terms as thole lb told Fan 0/en. You will pleale to enter them on our account there, and !■ J' i^ \ f0litltlatilHm^MimimmiMmmmi*im I? ( i8o ) offlet them againft what has been heretofore delivered out of our corcal to the ftore there. Nineteen of the 20 head of Ne- groes which your Honor fent on the Company's account, have arrived in tolerable condition and health. It has pleafed the Hon^^^^ Com- pany, on our propofal tranfmitted by the Ship Sphera Miuidi^ in regard to the trade in Negroes and the equalization of duties between the two Conquefts, to write, on the firft, in order to make no alteration to the Company's prejudice in the Negro trade at Ciira^ao^ that they had refolved for the promotion of Agriculture, to fend thence hither a good number of Negroes, to be fold to the Inhabitants, on condition that they Ihall not be tranfported elfewhere, believing that, by this ( i8i method, the Hon^'l'^ Company will Hitter lefs lols and the People reap greater benefit. The efFed hereof we (hall leave to time. Btll of Lading of Negroes, T UNDERWRITTEN Dlrck 1, Janjhi from Oldeiibiirch, Skip- per under God of my Ship named the New Netherhnid Indian, at pre- fent lying in the Harbor of the Illand of Curasao, ready to fail to New Netherlands hereby acknow- ledge to have received from the Hon^le Vice Director Matthias Beck, for account of the Hon^^'^ Com- pany, Ten head of Sound Slaves or Male Negroes, whom I undertake and promife to deliver, after my llife arrival with my Ship in New Netherla?id, to the Hon'^'^' Diredor iMliMM ( 182 ) General and Council there, firil: figning three Receipts of the fiime tenor, of which when one is fatis- fied the others are void. Curasao, in Fort Amfterdam, the 3 1 ft Aiignjl^ A" 1660. DiERCK Jans. 1 66 1. July 21. A fimilar Billof leading for 40 Slaves, confifting of 15 Men, 14 Women, 6 Boys and 5 Girls, to be delivered in A^ru; Netherland. Permit to export a crazy Ne- gro to Virginia, THE Petition o^ Samuel Edfal, letting forth that one of the Negroes purchafed by him on the 8th of Odober laft at public Auc- tion from the Director General ( i83 ) and Council is unfit to perform any fort of work, as he is fome- times not in his right mind, and requefting permiflion to fend him to Virginia, being read and con- fidered, it is Apoftilled — The Petition is granted on con- dition that the Petitionee, when opportunity offers, Oiall import or caufe to be imported into the Country another in rtead thereof. Done 2oth January, 1661. DireElors at Ajnfierdam to DireElor Stuyvesant. Amjhrdatn, 1 1 /// April, 1 66 1 . Honorable, Prudent, Valiant, Be- loved, Faithful. THE bearer hereof has fafely handed us your Letter of the 9th ultimo, which came by way ( i8+ ) of New and Old Englmid. The Necelfaries required therein, not ah-eady lent, (liall be forwarded to you in the Veilels now lying ready to fail dired: thither. This goes by way of Ctira^-ao, And as we have obferved by the enclofures thereof, that the greater portion of the Slaves conveyed thither by the Eyckenhoo7n and Ncii^ Netherla?id hidian, have been fold at a fair price, we have written to Vice Diredor Beck at Curacao herewith, and ordered him to pro- vide you with a frefli fupply by every opportunity. We have done this the rather, becaufe we have refolved not only that Slaves Ihall be kept in New Netherlands as we have heretofore ordered, but be moreover exported to the Englilh and other Neighbors. This, how- ever, on condition that on fuch ( '«5 ) occiilion there lliall be paid, on each exported Negro, a duty of T'i.vo Beavers, which is a Iniall and light import. The reafons which have led us to the adoption of llich Refolution, are, among others none of the fnvallelt, the promotion both of Aii;riculture and Trade in thofe Parts, as herefrom a greater fre- quentation of the water communi- cation betwen New Nctberland and Curacao^ muft necelfarily follow, and tend accordingly to their prof- perity. Thus the one will be hipplied and provided with necef- laries by the other, which is a matter of great conlideration in regard to foreign Polfeirions. As your Honor obferves, our zeal and care for the welfare of New Netherlands fo muft you endeax'or to retain us therein and confequently ( i«6 ) not fail to fend us, from time to time, fiich returns as may accrue there from the lale of the Slaves, in which cafe we (liall not neglec^t to have your Honor fupplied with others hy every opportunity. Herewith, Honorable, Prudent, Valiant, He- loved, Faithful, co»nmending you to God's protedlion we remain, The Dirediors of the Weft Intliu Company, at the Chamber of Amjlcrdani, C. WiTSEN, Edward Man. ( "Sy ) e remain, DireBor Siuyvksant to Vice DireBor Hkck. Honorable, Wife, Prudent, right Difcreet Sir. YOUR welcome Letter of the 31 rt of Augiift of hill Year, was handed to us in due couri'e hy the Bearer, in which is hrll men- tioned the unfortunate lofs for the Company on the Horfes lent hither in the Ship Eyckoihoom and (ialiot New AmJicL You Honor will learn from the annexed return of the public fale, what they brought here in confequence of their emaciated appearance after having been re- frelhed during two or three months. We have had better luck with the few Slaves fent hither at the fame time. They were fold to the highell bidder, chiefly at Beaver's ( '«8 ) value, which differs Httle from Silver pay. I have retained Ionic of the befltbr the Company. One with another they brought about //. 440--' a head, lels the freight. On this point, we niuit not nei^r, ledl to recommend, in cafe Negroes are hereafter fent in one and the fame Velfel, fome on the Compa- ny's, and others on private account, as happened in the Ship Indimi, that on fuch occalions, the Negroes fent for account of the Company, or Individuals, may be dilHnguillied the one from the other by fonic particular marks or tokens, either by a ftripe on the clothing or otherwife, in order to prevent dif- putes and differences here, which we might eafily have had here with the Owners of the Ship huluui it anv had fallen fick or died on the * Equal to $176. ( i89 ) pallagc, lince they claimed to be entitled to the riril choice, leaving the rell for the Company. This choice I allb have allowed them, as tliere were no certain marks to u;uide us. ■•* '•' ■'■' ■'■ Amjlcrdam in New Ncthcrhnid^ \ 1 6//6 April, h!' 1 66 1 . | (By the AVrt' NctbnLind Indian.) Refoliitio?i of the DircElor and Council oj Neuo Net her land. Friday, id September, 1661. Ix Council. Prefent — The Honorable Director General Petrus Sttiyvefant, Hon. Nicajius de Silk, Jo ban de Decker. WHEREAS, the Yacht New N ether land hidian arrived here yefterday from Curasao, by which ( ^9o ) I have received on the Conipanv's Account 36 out of 40 heail of Negroes and Negrelles, both youn^; and old, that had been lliipped in that X'elfel, it is relolved in ()rdcr to prevent expence and lols by death or otherwife, to fell them publicly on TufMllay next to the higlult bidder, and to announce the fame immediately every where by No- tices. It being taken into confideratioii in regard to the above fubjed, what pay the above Negroes iliould he fold for, it is by a majority of Votes refolved, to fell them for Beaver or Proviiions, fuch as Beef, Pork, Wheat or Peafe, at Beaver price; for if they are to be fold for Beaver or Calh down, or Tobacco at Beaver price, neither Burgher nor Farmer can purchafe any, lince there is no Tobacco, much lefs Beaver in cir- r t'j ( '9' ) dilation among the People. liy this means, a few perfons only, to whom the Company is indehted, would have an opportunity to monopolize them in diminution of the deht, and that at a fmall price, becaufe, as already fhited, fuch only will be for their interell, whereby then, the Company will be frullrated out of the Beaver or Tobacco down, and we, alio, (hall be obliged to purchafe a quantity of Provifions for the Garrifon againll the coming Winter, and in payment thereof take up Goods from the Merchants at the highefl: price, and next year again lofe thereby the greateft por- tion of the Beaver. Therefore, for thefe and many other reafons it has been thought heft to fell the aforefaid Negroes for Beaver or Provifions at Beaver price. m ( '92 ) Direthr Stuyvrsant to the Dire&ors at ylfnjlc?'cla;n. I'^ort jbnjlcrdani in New Nethtr- \ land, 3111 ()dol)ct\ 1661. I Honoriihle, 6cc. AS nothing of conrcqiience has tranl'pircd iince the departure of the luiitb and Gilded Eagle, h\ which the condition of artairs had been expkiined at hirge, and nothing of any importance has fince oc- curred, this Letter is principally intended to accompany Invoices, Muller Rolls of the Garrifon, and a few necelfary Documents. Nos. 6 and 7 are two Lifts, one of a lot of old, and the other of a lot of young, male and female Ne- groes, fent hither by Vice Director ( '93 ) llrl' ill the Ship Nt'iu Ncthcrliuid hiiliiin. AiiMcxcil thereto is a return ct the coiulitioMs ami prices at which they were fuld here. 1 I Rcfolutioii of the DircFlor cvid Council of New NetherLuuL Mondijy, -jth November^ 1 66 i . In Council. Prelent-r- Dire(^l:or General Pctrus Stuyvc- Ilon'^'^" Nicajius dc Sillc, Jo ban dc Decker. RESOLVED, to lell four more of the 7 Negroes, held over \a\\ year, to the highell hidder at puhlic audtion on the following Conditions : The Buyers lliall he empowered to ule the purchafed Negroes as Aa ( ^94 ) Bond Slaves, alfo to refell them to others either within or beyond this Province, provided that whomloevcr will remove or tranfport them be- yond this Province, fliall pay for each Negro a duty of Two Beavers. Payment Ihall be made down at lateft within lix weeks from date hereof in Wheat or Rye. The Wheat at 3 Gu-Mers, and the Rye at 2-2 Gl, the Skepel. The Negroes Ihall be delivered to the Purchai'ers at the time ot payment and not before. The Purchafers iliall be bound to give futficient fccurity. ContraSl for a Cargo of Slaves for New Netherland. HIS day the Melf'^ Abrahiwi Wilmerdonx and 'Jacob PcrgenSj both Directors of T '^•■•k. ( 195 ) the Well: India Company at the Chamber here, being Specially au- thorized thereto by their Allbciates, on the one part, and Hcndrick Roctcrs, old Ichepen, Johan 'Tayfpil and Anthony Cajiclcyn, Commillaries and Directors of this City's Colonie in New Netherlands by their Allo- ciates thereunto Ipecially delegated, on the other part, agree and contract, that the abovenamed Directors in- tending to purchale a parcel of Slaves at Angola^ and to convey them to New Netherlands iliall admit the aforefaid Commilfioners and Diredors to participate with them in the colls and rilk of the Trade of the aforefiid Slaves, for one fourth, in all refped:s the fame as the Company, and that accordingly the abovenamed Directors and Com- niiifioners Ihall alio pay their portion ill the moneys which are advanced \\ lI'liiMIMilMl -i k.t, ( '96 ) to the Skipper of the Gidcofi^ ami the aforefaid Dire(^tors (of the VV^elt India Company) ihall with all pol- fihle fpeed difpatch the Ship Gideon, chartered for that purpofe by their Honors, according to the Charter Party, and let it purfue its Voyage accordingly; that the abovenamed Directors Ihall have the exclulive management of the aforefaid Trade and raife on bottomry the moneys required therefor, in the manner ufual with the Company, and after the Voyage is completed, account for and fettle with the abovenamed Directors and Commilfaries for every thing ; and that the aforelaid Commillioners Ihall give orders that their Officers, being notified of the arrival of the aforefaid Slaves at the Manhattmis^ ihall repair thither to receive the aforelaid fourth of the faid Negroes by blind lot, and give ( *97 ) receipt therefor ; that, further, the atorefaid Commillioners, as foon as the receipt lliall he produced here, lliall pay to the Company Ten Carolus Guilders, over and ahove their iliare as above in the Trade, after dehvery for each merchantable Slave from 15 to 36 years, being reckoned head for head as mer- chantable, and above 36 and from 15 to 8 years downwards, three for two, and from 8 years down, 2 for one, fucklings following the mother. All under exprefs condition, that the abovenamed Dired:ors and Com- mitrioners muft retain the aforefaid Slaves in their Colonic without allowing them to be fold to any other Nation outfide the Colonic, or fuffering them to be either di- reftly or indirectly removed or fold elfewhere. All upon the penalty of 300 Florins for each Slave who I 1 mtitit't^i x tranfported beyond this Province. Whofo ad:s contrary hereunto, fliall ( 203 ) forfeit for each Negro or Negrefs, One hundred Guilders, Beaver value. Payment (hall be made, one fourth part down, the remainder in Sep- tember or October next, in good Beaver at Eight Guilders the Skin, or in Merchandize, Beaver price, or in Provifions fuch as the Hon^'''-' Company may require, to be de- livered here at the Manhattans at the following prices : Wheat at 55 Stivers, | Peafe at 50 Stivers, I the Skepel. Rye at 45 Stivers, ] Salted Beef at 4 Stivers, 1 ^.l p j Pork at 5 Stivers, J I i ^ f The Purchafer (hall be bound to ive fufficient fecurity. I I Il * M ( 204. ) On the foregoing Conditions, the following were the Purchafers : Florins. Jacobus Backer^ - I Negro, for 555 I Ncgrcfs, 305 I Negro, 315 Dom'^ yohatities Thcodorus Polhcinliis^ on Colonilts' Account, one Negro for ------ Nicolas rerlcth^ on Colonifts' Account, I Negrefs, for fl. 290 I Negro, " 395 I Negrefs and Child, 360 I Negrefs, 260 "Johannes Verveelcn^ - i Negro, Paulus LcendertJ'en Vande Gri/i^ I Negro, Capt. Tho?nas TFillet^ Timotheiis Gahr\\ - M"" John Laurence^ - Jeroyninus Ehh'ingh^ Ifaacq Foreeji^ - Jacob Leyfeler^ Nicolas De Meyer^ Daniel Terneur^ Ifaac Bedlo^ 440 1305 445 425 502 485 345 I Negro, I Negro, I Negro, I Negro, 485 I Negro, 545 I Negro, 615 I Negro, 460 I Negro, 465 I Negro, 430 ( 205 ) y deques Couffcaa^ - i Negrcfs, 335 I ditto, 305 I ditto, 300 IfiUiatn Maerfchalck^ I Negro, 500 I ditto, 425 Govert Loocquermam^ - I Nfgro, Eghi'rt Alyudertlhi^ - I Negro, Adr'iacn I'lnccnt.^ - I Negrels, Carel van Brugge^ - I Ncgrefs, 300 I Negro, 600 940 925 562 255 900 Total Florins, 12009 1305 gro, I 445 gro, 425 groi 502 gro> 485 g>-o, 345 gro, 485 gro, 545 gi'o. 615 g»'o, 460 gro» 465 •gro, 430 DireBor Stuyvesant to the Dire&ors at Amjlerda^n. * * * '.{J THIS day fortnight arrived here your Honors' Vellel, the Spar- roWy with Forty head of Slaves, fent to us by Vice Diredor Beck to procure Provifions and all forts of I i ( 206 ) Timber work, fix Ox Carts and a new Rofiiiill. •'• •=• ■•• The Negroes and Negrefies have all arrived lately and in health, hut were, on an average, pretty old, aiul as the Skipper alleges, reje(5led by the Spaniards. The produd of the greater part appears by the ac- companying account of the public Vendue. They would have brought more, had they not been fo old. Five of the Negro Women, who were, in our opinion, unfaleable, have been kept back and remain unfold. In like manner, Six Ne- groes alfo, to help to cut the required Timber and to perform fome other necelTary work for the Honorable Company. lo JunCy 1664. ( 207 ) Dire&o?'s at A/nJ}erda))i to DireElor Stuyvksant. Aiujierdam, 24 y//«t', 1664. Honorable, Prudent, Valiant, Be- loved, Faithful. WE have heretofore advifed you of our intention to let the Ship Gideon g(^ from Curasao to the Manhattmis with her Slaves. Having fince then, and now for the tirfl: time, remarked the holHle and treacherous defigns manifelled by the Englilh towards the Company's rightful Conquefts on the Coaft of yjfrica^ where they have already m altered Cape Vcrd and taken 3 (a 4 of the Company's Ships or Yachts, we have come to a different deter- mination. As your Honor alio will it n ( 208 ) not be left unmolefted by them, for we Linderftand that they have Uke- wife fent 3 Ships with Men thither to the alfiftance of their Nation, and as the aforelaid Ship with Slaves might hereby be brought into dif- ficulty, we have thought proper to fend her iirft to the Sout& River, to learn there from the City's Direftor how matters ftand at the Ma?ihat- taiis. On learning the arrival of this Ship there, your Honor mull immediately commiffion fome one to go thither, to be prefcnt- at the allotment of the Negroes, and to repair to the Manhattans with the fhare, or ith the part that is to fall to the Company ; with this un- derftanding, however, that if the abovenamed Ship had not brought thither above 200 head, there Ihall be left to the City at leaft 60 head, as we land ourfelves under obliga- ( 209 ) tion to accommodate them with that number. Herewith, Honorable, Prudent, Valiant, Be- loved, Faithful, Commending you to God's merciful Proteflion, we Remain, Your Good Friends, The Diredors of the I incorporated Weft India Company, Chamber at Amjlcrdam^ j. bontemantel, David van Baerle. Cc I ( 2IO ) Vice DireBor Bf.ck to the DireSlors and Council of Nen^c Nether la?2d. Curasao in Fort Amjlerdam^ \ the 21. "July, Ano 1664. J Honorable, Valiant, Wife, Prudent i.nd liglii. DifciccL Gentlemen. Gc?itlemen, MY laft to your Honors was dated 28 April, by the Com- pany's Ship Miifchy which I not only hope has arrived in your parts long before your receipt of this, but ardently delire to fee her return here every day. Since then a handfome Genoefe (genuees) Ship, named the Sta Cruz, arrived here from Cartagena, with One hundred '2iV\^ Jixty thouj and Y^i^cfb of Eight in Specie, to be all inverted ler return ( 211 ) in Slaves through the Fadtors re- liding here on behalf of the Genoefe Company, who, however up to this time have delayed doing any thing, by advice and order of their Prin- cipals, in the expedation that they will have concluded a new Contract with the Company, and that more Slaves may arrive here, fo as to in veil the ciiinc Capital which they have brought for that purpofe in their aforefaid Ship, in Slaves and to carry them away at once. On the 8th inftant, arrived here by way of Guinea, Angola, and Cayenne, the Ship Gideon, the bearer hereof, Simon Corneli[jen Gilde, Skipper, with over Three hundred Slaves. I was in hopes by means of thefe and the fupply of Slaves already here, to have enough to be able on the Advice and Order of the Com- pany, to accommodate the aforefaid » ( 212 ) Faftors for their above'mentioned Specie, as then was their intent ; for they faid, in cafe no feafonable advice or order was received from their Principals and the Company, that they would then contrad: with me for as many Slaves as were here at prefent, and might happen to arrive, to be paid for on delivery, in order to difpatch their aforefaid Ship, which was lying here at great expenfe. So they were exped:ing that they could have availed them- felves on this occalion, for their Velfel, of the Slaves brought hither by the aforefaid Ship Gideon, when the abovementioned Skipper Smon Cornelijcn Glide brought me fuch ample Order and Inftrudtions to the contrary, that I could not dare to change them, as your Honors will pleafe to obferve by the annexed Copies. Purfuant to faid Orders ( 213 ) I am fending to your Honors here- with, by the aforefaid Ship and Skipper the number of Slaves to be feen in the accompanying Invoice and Bill of Lading to which, for brevity's fake, I refer. And fmce now, in the lirft place, no more Slaves are to be expected here, the aforefaid Factors will have to content themfelves with the Slaves which have been previoully brought hither on the Company's account ; and as many of the Slaves brought here by the faid Ship Gideon are infected with Scurvy, I have therefore retained the greater num- ber of thefe here and embarked others in their place from among thofe brought in previous Ships. When thofe are cured of the Scurvy, they can be delivered, in the place of the others, to the aforefaid Fac- tors. ^ !'{ ( 214- ) Bill of hading for T'hree Hun- dred Negroes fenl to the Manhattans. I UNDERWRITTEN Sinio?! 5 Cornelijfe Gilde, Skipper under God of my Ship, named the Gideon, now lying in the Harbor qI Curacao, ready to fail with the lirft fair wind (which God lliall vouchfafe) for the Manhatans in New Nether- land acknowledge to have received between the Decks of my afore- faid Ship, the number of 'Three hundred Slaves, coniifting of One hundred and Jixty Men and One hundred and forty Women, all mer- chantable ; which Slaves I promife to deliver (if God grant me a prof- perous Voyage), with my aforefaid Ship at the faid Manhatans to the ( 215 ) Hon^^i^ Diredor General Petnis Stuyvejmt or his Order, on payment of my freight for the aforelaid Slaves, as agreed upon and condi- tioned by the Charter Party, and for the performance of what pre- cedes, I pledge myfelf and all my Property and my aforefaid Ship with all its Appnrtenances. In., witnefs of the truth I have fignerl three Invoices, all of the fame tenor, the one being fulfilled, the others are void. Written at Ciira(^ao, the 2 1 ft July, Ano 1664. (Signed) Symon Cornelissen Gilde. I, ( 2.6 ) Dire&or Stuyvesant to Vice Dire&or Brck. Honorable, Prudent, Wife, and very Difcreet Sir. OUR lafl: Letter to you was by the Ship The White Horjeman, Skipper Hendrick Janfen Stuyvejd?it, dated the 7th May laft. ••= =•• Since then, viz., on the 24th May, arrived here in llitety, God beprail'ed, the Company's Ship Sparrow^ Skip- per Jan Petej'fen Groot of Dockum, by whom I received your Honor's Letter of the 28th of April, to which the following will ferve as an anfwer. The Slaves and Merchandize ar- rived fafely according <-o Invoice and Bill of Lading. ■•" * -^ I have fold the Negroes that have been fent, at Public auction to the ( 217 ) higheil: bidder, for Provifions, with the exception of »SV.v of the Men, who are employed in the Compa- ny's fervice on the Works of the Fort, and Five Negro Women who, on account of their advanced Age, could not find a Purchafer, except at a very low figure. The remain- der have been fold at prices men- tioned in the annexed Copy of the Conditions of the Sale; being, in our opinion, a tolerably fair price for fuch a lot. Had they been better, there is not a doubt but they would have produced a much larger amount, as may be inferred from the price of a few who were fold for 600 Guilders •'■• and upwards. Thefe Negroes have afforded us great relief in the purchafe of Pro- vifions for the Garrifon. Otherwife, ♦$240. Dd ( 2.S ) 1 I' t we (lioLild have been conilrained hy the low rtiite of the Trealiiry, cauled by the continued troLd")les, tirlt with the Barbarians, and now at prelent with the neighboring Englilh, to purchafe SuppUes by Bills of Ex- change. * :•: :\- :•: :•: In our former difpatch, duplicate whereof we here inclofe, we Hated among other things, if it (hould come to pafs that Simon Glide arrived at the I Hand of Curacao. with Negroes three weeks or a month later than intimated in the Charter Party, fay the middle of Auguft, therefore the fending of the Negroes hither ihould not be poftponed, 6cc. Having r'^'^nn- lidered this, we have, for divers reafons, whereof one is, that the Right Honorable the Regents of the city of Amjterdam are interefted ( 2 19 ) therein one fourth part, thought it heft and moft juftihahle, not to make the llighteft alteration in the Charter Party which the Diredors have conchided with S'unoji Gildc. Wherefore we requeft and recom- mend your Honor to regulate your- felf hy the laid Charter Party in the forwarding of the ahovemen- tioned Negroes. But as we rind ourfelves burthened here by an unufually rtrong Garrifon, for the fupport of which, exclulive of the monthly pay, we require coniider- able Proviiions, for the purchafe whereof we are not well provided ; we, on that account, have need, yea great need of a few Slaves, in order to truck them for Proviiions. Yet, for reafons already given, we deem it unjuftiliable to fend for the laid Negroes, contrary to the Charter Party concluded with Simon Glide. ( 2^0 ) Yet requiring ii large (jiuintity of PrDvilions both tor this place and CuracdOy as we have already Ihited and more t'ldly explained, Ihoidd an opportunity oH'er to purchafe any, tunds would he ahlolutely ne- cellary. Wherefore we recommend this Terioully to your confideration ; and if Sif/ion Gildc arrive in feafon, to fend us as many Negrosn as circumllances will permit. If Ne- groes be fcarce, which however we Ihould prefer to have for the good and advancement of the country, according to the Hon^'''-' Company's Order, fome other effedts, either Money or Ofnaburghs and other coarfe Linen, or any thing elfe that is not needed for the public fervice, might be fpared and bartered for Provilions. If Negroes, your Honor will pleafe to bear in mind to have them fent off in time that they ( 221 ) may probably arrive here before, or about All Saints, and that they be tuitably provided againll the cold. 30 "July, 1694. The Council of New N ether Icwd to the Dire&ors at A/nJler- dani. MEANWHILE, God be thanked, the Ship .SV. Jacob arrived here in lat'ety on the i 3th inftant, from the South River, and, two days after, the Ship Gideon^ which failed from Ciirui^ao on the 2 1 ft of July with 300 Slaves, 160 Men and 140 Women, whereof 9 died on the palTage. This is a very poor lot; indeed fo poor do we^ believe, that we fear the moft of ( 222 ) them will remain on our hands, or mufl be let go at a very low figure, whereof more in our next. Purfuant to the Contradl which your Honors made with the Di- red:ors of the City's Colonie, we have delivered by lot the fourth part of the abovementioned Negro Men and Women, into the hands of M'" Peter Alrichs, Com miliary of Indian Cargoes, and Councillor of the Colonie of New Amjiel^ who has been here for fome time for the purpofe of purchaling Oxen, Cows and Horfes, to the number of 200 or thereabouts. ■•• •=• "•• The Colonie has received by lot for its fourth part, 38 Men and 34 Women. But as there were among thefe, as well as among thofe that fell to the Company, many above the age of 36 years, three of them muft be counted for two. ■=• ••• ••• ( 223 ) This ferves merely to advife your Honors of the arrival of the above- mentioned Negroes who. though a very poor lot, as already ftated, yet in our moft deplorable ftate, will wonderfully relieve us, fo that we and your Honors' Servants and Inhabitants, find ourfelves greatly obliged, and gratefully acknow- ledge your care in the fending of the faid Negroes. ••• =•• ■•• ==" Fort Amjierdam in Neiv Nether- lands ij Augtiji, 1664. (By Way of the South Riz'er, per the Edg/c.) Receipt fo?^ the above Negroes. WE the underfigned Dired:or General and Council of New Netherlands hereby certify and de- clare that the bearer hereof, Synion Cornelijjen Glide ^ Skipper, under GW, ( 224 ) of the Ship Gideon^ on the day after his arrival, being the 14th of Augull, hath delivered here on Ihore for account of Melf'"' the Dired:ors of the Incorporated Weft India Com- pany, Chamber at Amjlerdam, Two hundred and ninety head of Negroes, to wit. One hundred and fifty three Men, and One hundred and thirty feven Women, among whom in all were found by impartial Men as feledted according to the Charter Party, Eighty nine which were judged to be above Thirty fix years old ; of which delivery, the above- mentioned Skipper, Symo?i CorneHJjen Gilde, demanding proper Receipt to ferve him agreeably to his Charter Party, with the abovementioned Directors, we have executed for him two of the fame tenor, one whereof being fatisiied, the other is to be null. Done Amjierdam in ( 225 ) New Net her land, the 30 Aiiguji, 1664. Permit to tranfport Negroes, THE Hon^c Diredor General informed the Council that Capt. Thomas Wlllet would accept 3 or 4 Negroes in payment of the Beavers due him by the Company, if he might tranfport them from this place to fuch other that he may thiiik proper. Which being taken into confideration, it was, on queftion being put, Refjlved to let him have 3 or 4 Negroes ; becaufe from the low ftate of the Treafury, it is not well known how elle to fatisfy him for the Provifions delivered laft year, amounting to about Eight thoufand Guilders ; and Secretary Van Riiyvcn is deputed to inform faid Willet thereof, and to Ee ( 226 ) agree with him about the price for the beft advantage of the Company, and if poffible to obtain from him as much as the General hath lately had from him for two of his own Negroes. Done 30th September^ 1664. Vice DireBor Beck to Peter Stuyvesant. Curacao, in Fort Afufierdain the \ 15 Novemb\ Ano 1664. J Sir^ ■^ ■^ * I HAVE remarked, among other things, in your Honor's accept- able Letter, the ferious miftake that has been committed here in the fale of your Slaves ; efpecially of the little Children, lince with great ( 227 ) forethought on the part of Madam Stuyvefant, your Honor's fpoufe, they were prefented at the haptifmal Font. If we had had the leaft knowledge of the Fad:, the miftake would not have occurred. To my grief, a great error has been com- mitted which I fear is irreparable ; for fo long an interval has elapfed, it will be very difficult to afcertain where they have been finally landed. But I (liall have inquiries made by the firft Ship that leaves here for Carthagena and Porto Bcllo, and if it be poflible, endeavor to get them back, even if I (hould have to give two full grown Slaves and more for them. ; i t, \ t i (; ,j ( 228 ) F/ce DireSIor Bkck to Pi'Tkr Stuyvrsant. Cura^ao^ 16 Aprils h.\\o 1665. iS'/r, A SHIP, named M//} Catarina^ whereof yacob Dirckfcn Will- ree is Skipper, arrived here on the 14^1^ January lafl, from Ardra, on the Coall of Guhica, with Ofie hun- dred and fifty Slaves. She was fent in the Service of the Company from Anijierdam to the Cciji/c del Mbia to Mr. Valckenburgb with fome Sup- pHes for that place, and fucceeded very well, notwithstanding many Englifh Ships were off that Coalt. * * * -5^ * Since my laft, I have fold here I Pktkr 1665, Catarina^ fen PVill- e on the Irdra, on One hiin- ; was fent )any from / Mina to )me Sup- fucceeded ig many at Coaft. * fold here ( 229 ) to the Genoefe (gcniiecfcn) all the Slaves which had come here on the Company's account in the lad Ships and were remaining at this place (({) One hundred and twenty pieces of Eight. And hecaufe of thefe Englifli trouhles, and princi- pally hecaufe no Slaves were expedted here from the Coaft of Guinea^ the aforefaid Genoefe have taken their departure hence with their Ship and the abovementioned purchafed Slaves, on the 23d January lall for Carthagena. We (hall learn betimes whether this trade llrall be renewed in Holland with the Company, or whether it will be purfued and continued at this place by other Spaniards. I have, fince that, been informed that the Principals of the above- mentioned Genoefe in Spain have contracted with the Royal Company ( 230 ) o{ England ^OY the delivery of Sla>'es, ilich delivery to be made at the Illand o{ yaniaica^ and that a la:ge Si ip belonging to the laid Genoeie hii; already arrived at "yamaicay to carry away the Slaves, according to tf'i ' Contra(^t concluded with the Royal Company. But inahnuch as no Slaves had reached there for the Royal Company, they were allowed to purchafe as many Slaves from the Englilh Planters and In- habitants as they were to receive. In regard to this Contrad:, all Commidions of Privateers and Ships againll the Spaniards in thefe Wcjl Indies are revoked, and they are forbidden to iniiidt any damage on the Spanifh Nation by land or water ; and when a rich Spanifli Prize was brought by the Englifh Privateers into "Jamaica^ they were obliged to reftore her, free of cofts and charges. ^ ( 2:1 ) I doubt if this Ef^glifli Royal Company will be uble to fulHIl their Contract 'vii:h the Genoel'e, if it be f any magnitude, in con- fequence of the difhirbances and troubles caufed by themfelves on the Coafl of Guinea and the great obftrudtion they will encounter as long as thefe troubles continue, in their Slave Trade and in all their other Commerce, from the Priva- teers of Holland and Zealand, of which they have had, hitherto, no fufpicion. We fee now here for the fecond time a Comet with a long fiery tail ; it has been vifible here for more than two months paft. It is alfo vifible in Europe. What it portends is befi: known only to the Chief Giver of all Good, who will mercifully turn away from us all ( 232 ) well deferved plagues and punidi- ments, and make every thing tend to the honor of his MofI: Holy Name for the Good of His People unto Salvation. * ::= -l- -l- 'l- INDEX. AFFIDAVIT of Jan van Gaclcn, 14; of Jan •^^ Rykartibn, 27 ; of Hans MarculTcn Stuyvc, 35 i of Adriacn Blacs, 4:;. Africa, Guinea Traders rcfort to, vii; private Diiteh Traders not allowed to go to, xv; Trade to, opened to New Netherland, xxi; Colonills of New Netlierland permitted to bring Negroes from, 103; Slaves to be taken to the Well Indies from, 103; ann to New Netlierland, 104, 107; a Ship fails from Medenblick to, for Slaves, 112; Sliip Eyckenboom chartered to convey Slaves to New Netherland from, 132; Limits wherein private Merchants mav trade for Slaves in, 170, 173; Inhabitants of New Netherland allowed to trade to, 172; hollile Defigns of the Englifli on the Dutch Forts in, 207. African Company, Royal, contraft to fell Slaves, 230. Africans introduced into New Netherland, xiii. Agriculture, the Slave Trade authorized for the Benefit of, xxvi, 107; Negroes imported into New Netherland for the Promotion of, 165, 168, 180, 185,199. Alrichs, Peter, Slaves dehvcred to, 222. Ff ( 23+ ) Amandarc, tlic firll Slave Ship in New Ncthcrland, xvi; came prfjliably from Bia/il, xxiv: brings Nc^rces to New Netlieilaiui, 99. Amhofuis, Highlaiui of", 3, 46. America, Virginia Traders relbrt to, vii. Amllerdam City, owns Shares in a Slave Siiip, xxvi; contracts for a Cargo of Shives, 19^. Amllerdam Chamber of the W. ]. Co., informed of the Lofs of the Slaver St. John, and the Cap- ture of her Slaves, 78 ; authorizes the Importa- tion of Slaves into New Nethcrland, 108; direds the Sci'/.urc of a Ship belonging to Mcdenbliek that failed to Africa for Slaves, 112; contradts to llipply Slaves, 153, 160; orders a frcfl) Supply of Negroes to be lent to New Ncthcrland, 184; determined to encourage the Slave Trade, 185; trades in Slaves, 195, 198. Angola, Blacks from, captured, ix, x, xi ; Trade from Holland to, xiii; Slaves obtained at, 91; Colonills of New Ncthcrland permitted t ) trade to, 101, 102; Slaves purchafed at, 195. d'Angola, Paul, xiii. Annebo, Ifland of, 6; Provifions for Slavers pur- chafed at, 7, 47. Arda, 2. Arms of Amllerdam, Journal of the Slaver, 87; captured by a Pirate, 93. Arobc, equivalent of the, 125. Aruba, 27, 49, 58. Aflembly of the XIX, Rcfolution of, 105. Audion, Negroes fold at, xii, 168, 190, 193, 202, 2 1 6. ( 235 ) "D ACKER, Jacnlnis, 204. ■'-' Barhadocs, a Dutch Slaver lofcs fomc Negroes at, xvi ; a Slave Emporium, xxix. Barley raifed in New Netherland, xviii. Beans raifed in New !"ctlicrland, xviii. Beaulicii, Captain, a Pr'vateer, 84. Beaver, I'rice of, 203. Beck, Matthias, Vice Dired^or of Curasao, fends Sloops to take Slaves oft" the wrecked St. John, 8, 14, 41, 49; iflTies a Proclamation for the Ar- rcll of Pirates, 6g; Letters of, 78, 83 ; authorized to feize a Medenblick Slaver, 112; fupplies Span- iards with Slaves, 160; fends Negroes to New Netherland, 181, 205; ordered to fend a frcfli Supplv of Negroes to New Netherland, 182. Bedlo, Ifaac, 204. Beef, ialt. Price of, 203. Bills of Lading for Negroes, 140, 176, 1 81, 2 1 4. Black Eagle, Ship, fails for New Netherland, 106. Blacks, the Well India Company promife to fupply New Netherland with, xiv. Blacs, Adriaen, Skipper of the Slaver St. John, 5, 17; x'\fiidavit of, 45. Bloody Flux, Slaves fuffering from, 4; Surgeon Dc Lanoy dies of thc,,6. Bonaire, 1 5, 48, 50. Bontcmantcl, J., Diredlor of the Well India Com- pany, 209. Brafil,' Number of Slaves brought into, viii ; Eftcd of the Conquefl: of, on the Slave Trade, xi, xii; private Dutch Veflels not allowed to trade to, xv; Trade opened between New Netherland and. ( 236 ) xix ; Slaves to be brought from, xx; Colonics rf New Nctherland permitted to trade to, loi; Negroes may be exported from, io6. Bread, Want of, on board the Slaver St. John, 8. Brommcrt, Captain, commands an Englifli Priva- teer, 93. Bruyn, Frans, 140; purchafcs Slaves for Dircdor Stiiyvcfant, 144. /^ABO de Loop dc Confalvo, 5 ; Slaver procures ^^ Wood and Water at, 6, 47. Caerloff, Hendrick, builds a Fort for the Swedes at Cape Corfe, 1 74. Calabari, a Slave Mart, 45, 46. Cape Corfe, the Swedes build a Fort at, 174. Cape Verde, Negroes from, fold at Cura9ao, 154; Slaves received at Cura9ao from, 155; the Eng- llfli capture, 207. Caraccas, Operations of Picterfen the Privateer at, 21, 36, 37, 56, 57 ; Trade between Cura9ao and, 113, 115, 117, 118. Carthagcna, a Ship arrives for Slaves at Curacao from, 210; Slaves fcnt froin Cura9ao to, 229. Cailcleyn, Anthony, 195. Caftle Frigate, Jan Picterfen, a. Dane, commands the Privateer, 18, 30, 40, 53, Cq. Cayman Iflands, Pirates capture a Dutch ^hip at the, 92. Charter of a Ship for a Voyage to Africa and New Netherland, 132. Children, Number of, who died on board the Slaver St. John, I 2. ( 237 ) c; Colonics ide to, loi ; John, 8. iglifli Priva- for Director ver procures e Swedes at ■ 174- ira9ao, 154; 5; the Eng- Privatecr at, Dura9ao and, at Curacao to, 229. )rniTiands the 1 ^'hip at the, ca and New rd the Slaver I Clacflcn, Peter, cooper. Death of, 4; at Rio Cam- mcroncs, 6. Colding, Situation of, 31. Colonics, Englifli, the Dutch introduce Slaves into the, vi ; to be fupplied with Slaves by the Dutch, 184. Comet, a, vifible at Curasao and in Europe, 231. Conditions on which Negroes are to be fold by Audion at New Amilerdam, 193, 202. Congo, Simon, xiii. Contraft made with the Diredlors at Amfterdam for Slaves, 153, 160; to iniport Slaves into New Netherland, Draft of a, 169; for a Cargo of Slaves for New Netherland, 194. Copper, brought from the Spanilh Main, 118. Cormantyn, the Englifli build a Fort at, 1 74. Couficau, Jacqucb, 205. Couwcnhoven, Peter, 17:5. Cuba, Propofal to run Negroes into, 120; not fcafi- blc, 132. Cura9ao, EfFcft of the Capture of, on the Slave Trade, xi, xii ; a Slave Emporium, xxix ; Slaver St. John fails for, 8 ; Crew of the St. John arrive at, 13; Slaves fent from Africa to, 91; a Ship fent from Mcdenblick to convey Slaves to, 112; Trade between the Spanifli Main and, 113, 154; Spaniards invited to trade at, 116, 117; the Slave Trade at, 121, 125, 126, 127; Slaves fent to New Netherland from, 140; Slaves brought from Guinea to, 143; weak State of, 157; Negroes fent to New Netherland from, 177, 178; a Ship from Carthagena arrives at, for Slaves, 210; ( 238 ) Slaves arrive at New Amftcrdam from, 221 fcnt to Carlliagcna from, 229; at, 231 (See Slave Trade). a Comet vifible FJAVID'S Ifland, 21, 24, 30, 57. "^"^ Decker, Johan, dc, 189, 193. De Groot, Arent, builds a Fort at Cormantyn, De Laet, Johannis, his Opinion of Blacks, ix. Dc Lanoy, Surgeon Martin, dies, 6. Delaware (See South River). Douwneman, Robert, a Pirate, captures a Dutch Ship and Cargo, 92. Dutch, the original Introducers of Slaves into the North American Colonies, vi ; did not place much Value on the Slave Trade at firft, xi ; Number of Slaves captured from the Spaniards by the, xii ; additional Papers relative to the Slave Trade under the, 99 ; the chief Supporters of the Slave Trade, 104. Duty on Negroes, 171, 185, 194. "IT^BBINGH, Jeronimus, 204. Edfal, Samuel, fends a crazy Negro to Virginia to be fold, 182. Elephants' Teeth brought from Africa, 31, 40, 65. Elizabeth's River, Virginia, 95. Elmina, i; bad Provifions fupplied at, 5; Johan Valckenburgh Diredor at, 45 ; Slaver Arms of Amftcrdam fails from, 90. Englifli, the, well fupplied in America with Provi- fions, xix; Slaves to be exported by the Dutch to ( 239 ) •om, 221 ; net vifible ,orman tyn, , IX. 5 a Dutch 2S into the place much Number of y the, xii; JVC Trade f the Slave :o Virginia 1, 40, 65. 5; Johan r Arms of ith Provi- 2 Dutch to the, xxv; have a Fort at Cormantyn, 174; Cap- ture Cape Vcrd, 207. Eyckcnboom, Jan Janfcn, of Hoorn, 133; conveys Negroes to New Nethcrland, 176. Eyckenboom, Ship, chartered to carry Slaves from Africa to New Netherland, 132; arrives at New Amftcrdam with Horfes and Negroes, 178. PAITH, the Ship, 192. ■*■ Fayal, Negroes fent to, x. Florida, no private Dutch Vcflel allowed to trade North of, XV. Foreert, Ifaac, 204. Fofcom, Mr., 89; his Bark arrives at New Amlkr- dam from Virginia, 95. Francilco, John, xiii. Frederi:k, Prince, Declaration of one of the Magif- trates of Amilerdam to, 104. Freedoms to Patroons, encourage Agriculture in New Netherland, xviii. Friar Francis, trades with the Dutcli at Curasao, 124, 125, 126. Froon, Johan, Commiflary on board tlic St. John, 45. GABRIE, Tliimotheus, 175, 204. Genocfe, the, trade for Slaves at Curasao, 210, 211, 229. Gey, Captain, commands an EngliOi Privateer, 93. Gideon, Ship, xxiv, 147; carries Slaves to Cura9ao, 155; fent to Africa for Slaves, 196, 198,201, 207; ai rives at Cura9ao, 211; arrives at Man- hattans with 300 Slaves, 221. ( 240 ) Gildc, Symon C, 122; fells Negroes at Curasao, 126; contrafts to convey Slaves from Africa to New Ncthcrland, 198, 201; commands Ship Gideon, 147, 149; contrads to convey 300 Slaves to the Manhatans, 214; Receipt for them to, 223. Gilded Eagle, Ship, 192. Groot, Jan Pieterfcn, Skipper of the Ship Sparrow, 141 ; brings Slaves to the Manhattans, 216; (Sec Pieterjeri). Guinea, Slaves brought by the Dutch from, vii, xxiv, 28, 35, 79; a Cargo of Negroes arrives in New Nethcrland from, 110, 179; Slaves taken X:^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 f\ ^i % V 4^ o^ .- ERRATA. P. 73, Line 2, for Jan read Jacob. 205, " 1, for CouJJeaa, read Coujfeau. 221, '• 5, for 1694, read 1664.