IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ,.* .•(t V A .^^ ^ <'' 1.0 I.I 121 125 am 9 •u ... I 2.2 :r ufi |2.o N^ 1-25 111.4 1.6 ■• 6" ► Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST KiAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) S73-4S03 ^A\ <^v V CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques T«chnlcal and Bibliographic Notaa/Notat tachniquas at bibliographiquaa Tha inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chaclcad balow. 0Colourad covars/ Couvartura da coulaur I I Covars damagad/ D D D D D Couvartura andommagia Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raatauria at/ou paliiculAa I — I Covar titia mlasing/ La titra da couvartura manqua I I Colourad maps/ Cartas giographiquas mn coulaur Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) I I Colourad platas and/or illustrations/ D Planchas at/ou illustrations an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ RaliA avac d'autras documants Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion along intarior margin/ La raliura sarrAe paut causar da I'ombra ou da la distortion la long da la marga intAriaura Blank laavas addad during rastoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar possibla. thasa hava baan omittad from filming/ II sa paut qua cartainas pagas blanchas ajoutAas lors d'una rastauration apparaissant dans la taxta. mais. lorsqua cala Atait possibla. cas pagas n'ont pas Ati filmias. Additional commants:/ Commantairas supplimantairas: L'Instltut a microfilmi la malliaur axamplaira qu'il lui a «t4 poaaibia da sa procurar. Laa details da cat axamplaira qui aont paut-Atra uniquas du point da vua bibllographiqua. qui pauvant modif iar una imaga raproduita. ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dana la m4thoda normala da fiimaga sont indiqute cl-dassous. r~n Coluurad pagas/ D Pagas da coulaur Pagas damagad/ Pagas andommagAas Pagas rastorad and/oi Pagas rastaurtes at/ou pallicultes Pagas discolourad. stainad or foxa< Pagas dAcoiorias. tachatAas ou piquAas Pagas datachad/ Pagas d*tach6as Showthroughy Transparanca Quality of prir Quaiiti InAgala da I'imprassion Includas supplamantary matarii Comprand du material suppKmantaira Only adition availabia/ Saula idition disponibic r~~| Pagas damagad/ r~\ Pagas rastorad and/or laminated/ 1^ Pagas discolourad. stainad or foxad/ |~~| Pagas datachad/ ryl Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varias/ I I Includas supplamantary matarial/ r~n Only adition availabia/ Pagas wholly or partially obscurad by errata slips, tissues, etc.. have been ref limed to ensure the best possible Image/ Las pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata. une pelure. etc.. ont AtA filmAes k nouveau de fapon A obtenir la meilleure image possible. Tl to Tl P< o\ fil O bi th si< ol fil Si( Ol Tl s^ Tl w M di er b« rl| re This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document esl filmA au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X ailt du >difier une naga Tha copy filmad hara haa baan raproducad thanka to tha ganaroalty of: Library Division Provincial Archivat of British Columbia Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha bast quality poaalbia conaldaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and In kaaplng with tha filming contract apaclflcatlona. Original coplas in printad papar covars ara filmad baglnning with tha front covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illustratsd impraa- aion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copias ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or iliuatratad imprat- aion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad or iliuatratad imprassion. Tha last racordad frama on aach microficha ahail contain tha symbol «^> (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol ▼ (moaning "END"), whichavar appllas. Maps, platas, charts, ate, may ba filmad at diffarant raductlon ratios. Thosa too iarga to ba antiraly includad in ona axposura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar, laft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha mathod: L'axamplaira filmA fut raproduit grica i la ginAroaIti da: Library Division Provincial Archives of British Columbia Las Imagaa auivantas ont AtA raprodultas avac la plua grand aoin. compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da l'axamplaira film*, at mn conformiti avac las conditions du contrat da fiimaga. Laa axampiairas originaux dont la couvartura •n papiar ast imprimAa sont filmis an commangant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darnlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'Imprasslon ou d'illustration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axampiairas originaux sont filmis 9n commandant par ia pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'improssion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par ia darnidra paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Un das symboics suivants apparaitra sur la darniira imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la cas: ia symbols — »• signifia "A SUIVRE ", la symbols V signifia "FIN". Las cartas, pianchas. tabiaaux. ate, pauvent Atre fiimAs A das taux da reduction diffArants. Lorsqua la documant ast trop grand pour Atra raproduit an un saul ciichA. il ast filmA A partir da I'angla supAriaur gaucha. da gaucha A droite, at da haut an bas. mn pranant la nombra d'imagas nAcasssire. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mAthoda. rrata o lalura. □ 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 NORTH AMEKICA. No. 3 (1873). (A.) NORTH-WEST AMERICAN WATER BOUNDARY. CASE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF HER RRITANNIC MAJESTY, SUBMITTED TO THE ARBITRATION AND AAVARD or [IS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF GERMANY, IN ACCORDANCE AVITU ARTICLE XXXIV OF THE TREATY STWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, SIGNED AT WASHINGTON, MAY 8, 1871. [For Maps and Charts rcforrocl to in this Case, sec North Anicrioa No. 7. J Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. 1873. LONDON: FniNTKD BY HARBISON AND SONS. TABLE OF CONTENTS. CASE of tlio Oovcrnnicnt of Her Hrilannic Miijo y 1 U> IJ APPENDIX. No. I. AriirI,.H XXXIV to XLir of llu, Tivnty l.,.tw....n (irent nritain niul ll„. Uiiit.-.l St.irs of America ■iigiiL'il at AViisliiiij;ton on Miiy 8, J871 ... ' „ No. II. CtV "f Tiv,aty Lptwcn Cirat r.iitain nn.l tlic Unilr-I Stat.-, -r .\„„.,i,.n, sLnio^l ni Wa'.liinMnn ' .Iiiim; i:., I.S-IO ... '^ o oil ... '20 No. III. I A X.mtivo ofllm TassaRO of TTi. r„itann,V, MajoMy'^ .sln,,s " Di.s.ovory " an.l "Cl.allm,,," „„.]..,• llic coniMia.ul of Captain Vano.uvor, tlimn.^'h lla, Sti-.,iH „r .Mian ,lo Fura an.l tlinai.rl, tlio dmniu.I known at th« ,Mvs,«t day ax tl,o Jiosa.i,. Strait, to l!i>vl. I!av, sitiia'tcl in tlio am^iont Li>t. W' 15' N. and Lon;,'. '2'o'S' -W K. ut tlic dilluicul iicriods sliowu by lliu tiucks. (I'ublislicd at London iu 17'J8.) No. III. North Aniorica, West Con.st. — Ilaro nnd Ro«nrio Stmit.i, 8un'cyDlajesly tlip lliiiperor of (iermany, in piirsiiaiioo of Article \.\X\'i ol' tlio said 'ricaty, llio followiiiL,' Case : — Tlir Question for Decision. The Qurstion for l)t'ri>ioii. TliP question suhmittcd to the doeision of His fniporia! Arnjesfy alforts so much |(if the iiouiidary line hetwepu Her IJritainiie .Majesty's possessions in North .\nieriea ciiaru No«. 3 »n(i •«. jmid the territ(»ries of tiie I'nited States as is comprised helwrcu tiio Continent of lAineriea and N'anconvor's Island. The hoiindnry line is deserihod in the Treaty botwopn tho I'nitcd States and Appendix No. s. ' [drcat liritaiu uf June 15, ISK!, in the lollo^vin^' i^'cneinil terms : — Treaty of Juno !.'>, Treaty of June 15, lS4fi (Arllric f). " JVom the point on the forty-ninth parallel of north lit itudo, where tho lioundary llinp laid down in cxistiiii,' Treaties and Ccjnvcntions between (ireat Hritain and at Washini^ton Troniy of Mny 8, \Va!«hingtont.'itv^,,i„, i-,,i, j,„^,.^ -|k^l.,;j (,(^^.,,p,j 'Hor JJritaunic Majesty and the United States, that '«''• 111' lint" of boundary between the territories of tho United States and those of Her Siitaunic ]\[ajcsty from the ))oiiit (m the forty-ninth paralltd of north latitude, up to rliich it had already been ascert lined, shouhl be continued westward aloni; the said Brallcl of north latitude to the middle of the Channel which scjianites the Continent om \'ancouver's Island, and thence southerly throuij;h the middle of the said Channel nd of Fuca Straits to the I'acifu; Ocean ; aiul whereas the Commissioners a])p()inted the two High Contractinsj^ Parties to determine that jxu'tion of the bouiulary which BUS southerly throui^h the middle of the Channel aforesaid were imabk! to aijrce upon be same; aiul whereas tlu; Government of Ucr IJritannic Alajcsty claims that sueli Duiulary line should, utider th(» terms of the Treaty above rcciti-d, be run throui,'h k Itosario Straits, and the Government of the United States claims that it should be Ji tlnon^'h the Canal de Ilaro, it is agreed that the rcsju'ctivc claims of the Govcru- knit of ll(>r J{rilanni(r ^lajesty and the (Jovcrnment of the United States shall be Wmiitted to the arbitration and award of His Majesty the Iviuperor of (Jermauy, who, pving regard to the above-mentioned Article of the said Treaty, shall decide thereupon lially ami without ai)peal which of those claims is most in accordance with the true ktCTprctation of the Treaty of June 15, 18i(>." 1 Tl spcnlxs tliniiiu: of the lictwi'c lie run 1 1 1 1 {)1 unci Jslaiid vliicli T1 Strait of C„ urf(in. TI Cl'drt No. 4* sidlis n The Rosnrio Strnit. Chart No. *.* Avill ho filtsrn-od liyTTis Imporial M.ijcvly, Hint wliorons tlioTrrnty of .Tiino T^l'l f.nlv III' till- CliMimi'l wliicli M']iMr;itc'>. t'lic ('niiliuciil IVimii N'imroiivcr's Isljiiid, li the miilillr of \\liitli tlic lidiuichiry line is In lie run. tin' Treaty of Isjl s\u';\ks Unsariii SiraiNrmil tlic Canal tir I la m. as if llnav \\;iv nviic tlian (<\ir Cliaiiiirl M till- Ciiiilinint ami Vani'tiii',' so miieli of the lioiiiidaiy line, as extends to the middli* of the Sini' of (icoi\'ia, there is no controversy hetwecu the llii;li Contract in l,' Parties to the Tre;iiy of .lime I."), ISKJ, that it teriniiiates at a point on the jiaralhd of M) north latiliui ill the midiUc of (lie Strait of (Icorr.ia. It is with re^'ard to the line to lie dnnvii soiillierly from tlin jiarallcl of M)° north latitude throuLrh the middle of tlio Cliauiiil that the Commissioners (if the lli";l'. « ,M(racliiiu: I'arlii's lia\e hccii iinahli! to aun, 'J'lie true direction of such a line drawi Ii>wards the Strait of I'liea Avoiild appear, fiMm II survey of the waters, to lie south-east liy east for a distance of ahoiit 11) miles, wlicivj Hie Strait of (ieori;ia !,'railually expands to a width of nearly I') miles, and may 1 said to lose the eharact ristie features of.", sini^le Strait. The space now entered upon is cueinnliered hy imnierons ishnids, varyin;; in ^iy and chaiaeter, amoii'j; whii-h are three na .i'^ahle (diaimels leadini; into I'liea's SIrail. The most eastern of the three channels has heeii of late termed in Hritisii eli;ir;>| H.e I'o'^ario Straits, and in American charts lliniri^old's Channel. The most we>-lir; is termed in Hrilish charts the llaro Strait, and in American charts the Canal de AiPi. The latter term has Lien Imrrowed from (he Spniiiards, who term the lower part of '■"' Strait the Canal de Lope/ de llaro. There are, besides, other narrow ])assa^'es; but they may scarcely be considered asj liii,'lnvays for sliijis jiassiiiEf from th.' Strait of (jeor^'ia into Kiica's Strait. Thr Jiosorlo Strait. Frnin n ]ioint midway between Salnrna Island and the Continent and !• inilisj (l^ni^lish) south of roini Whiteliorn on the shore of the Continent, the waters of tli: Strait of (ieor^'ia merije on almost the same liin; of beariuLf (south-east by east) iiit' those of the Jtosario Sirait, jiassini; ea-tward of the small Islands of I'atos, Siicb,! !Matia, and Clark, thence hetwcen the lari^e Islands of liiimmi and Orcas. At J'uiid Jiawrenee, which is the eastward point of Oreas, lii(> Sirait trends a liltle westwiinij of south for o or [■ miles (ljii;lisli), and then leads by a due south eour.sc into ti.: liead-Wiiters of the Sirait of I'uea, the whole distance from the point above-men tioiioJ' as where tli(> Sirait of (ieoi'n'ia merii'es in the J'osario Strait, beiiiL,' 30 miles (Kni^lislil Till! width of the Jtosario Str.iit varies from (i to 1.', miles (l'>iij;Iish). At i;il iiortliern entrance, between the Island of Sucia and Sandy I'oint, on the Continent, iti C miles (i]nt,'lish) across ; but the Ahleii iJank lies almost between those two ]ioii!ts. There is, however, a clear ])assai,^e of t miles (Kni,Mish) eastward of the JJaiik, aii.l a ])assau:e of ].\ miles (Knulish) westward. The least water on the shoal jiart 2.{ fathoms (llni^lish). The Hank itself is an extensive patcdi, beinj;' 12^ miles (Kiii,'li- nortli and south, and more than 1 mile (laii;lisli) east and west. On the greater iwfJ of it, an(dioraL,^e may be bad in from .j to t) fathoms (Knglish). I The J?ank is not really an impediment to the Channel. Tbe .shoal part of i'J Avbieli would ho dangerous to a ship, is of small extent, and \n easily avoided by f,'i)i'- natiiral leading marks during tl: ' day, and by tin.' lead at night; whilst it is a manilL' advautage to a sailing-vessel to be able to anchor in a moderate depth should . M ^ . . „ • Sve Cliart No. 3, c considered as I lu)ve-nu"iit'u)niv,l slrofl!* liv fofjq rondfv if (lf^il•nl>lc, nnd wlirn il would prnhnMy hr Impo<(«(!lilf to ri'Icli 11 li:irl)(iiir. 'I'lic width ol'tlu" INku'Id Sli;ut, sdiirnwunl nrilic Aldcii l?imk, soon ili'crcaHCs to 11^ miles and '2 miles (IliiLclisli), uliich lattrr is altoiit. its a'.( i:ii;e lircadlli. Ili'lvu'cii Cypress aiul IMakely Islands, it is as narrow as ]\ miles; but soon opens out, au'iii" •" -i miles. 'I'lie Hinl and Uelle lloeks lie almost in tlio centre of the Htniil, :i', miles (Kii;;lisli) williiii its sontlicni entranee. The lornier Is an rxlonsive roek, !.') I'i'ct ahov( hii,'h water. The latter lii-s north-north-east of it, more than haU'-a-niile- (llnu'lisli), and is covered nntil near low water. The tides, which sweeji with consider- alile slreiii,'th over these rocks, are calculated to render the passai;e hctweeii them (lanL'crous to sailini^-vesscls in calms or ro<,'s ; hut there is a f^ood passat,'!* on cither side III them; that to (he eastward of them hcinij IJ n\ilcs (liiiL,'lisIi) wide, while tim I width of that to the westward is 1 J miles (I'ji<;lish1. The Williamson and Denis rocks I vliiclicxtcrxlahout one-third ol'a milcolVthc soulh-wesi side ol' Allan Island, arc easily avoiiled. The former is 22 feet al)ove lii;,'h water; the latter awash at low spring; tides. The Davidson iJock, occiisionally uncovcrin:,' itself at. low sprini; tides, lies three- i'diii'tlis of a mile (Mii'^dish) cast hy south of Colvilli" Isl.nnd, and is easily avoided, as il is marked hy kelp. Thi' only other hidden damper which has been discovered to I exist in Rosnrio Strait is lh(> I'ananm Heel", which extends one-third of a mile (Knu;lish) oil" the north-west r. The tides in I'osario Strait run with considcrahlo stron|;;th; in the larrow part llictweon Cypress and IMakcIy Islands 1 hey have heen found, duriuir spiinLf tides, to Icxcced (i miles (Km^lish) an hour; in other ])arls of the Strait their v» ! u-ity is from 2 ltd 5 niih's (l]ni;lish). The dc))tli of water, however, heiu'.; from 2'> to 3.') I I'lioms over llhe '^Tcater part of the Strait, admits of vessels anchorini,' aiiyw .icic, if it, should hn I necessary ; hut the most d.-sirahie sioppini; places are Kidal;,'o J>ay, on the western sid<5 Lr the island of the sa.ue name; "VValmonth J{iL,'ht, on tin; south-east side of l/>pc/, rislaud; the (iuemos Passaic, and Strawberry 13ay, ou the west side; of Cypress Island. The Canal de Haro. On the other hand, the Canal de Ifaro, from the point where the Sti-ait of deorccia Imny he said to lose the charaeteristic features of a siim:le Sti-ait, takes a direction about Isdutli-west and a half south between the east ])oint of Satin-na Island and the sinidl [island of I'atos, for a distance of 8 miles (Kui^lish), it then turns to tin; westward, ;ind Inns in a direction south-west by west lor almost an equal distance, until between llStuni't and Moresby Islands, where it turns to the southward, and runs for a further ltlistanc(^ of about 20 miles (English), trending to the south-cast, when it .strike's the IBtrait of Fuea. The width of the Canal de Haro at its northoru entrance between East Point and I'atos Island is 2^ miles (linglish), wliere, from the strong tides ami ii'regularity of thn bottom, ilea^'y races occur; about the same width is carried for 12 miles (English) khon, between Turn I'ohit and ^Moresby Islaiul, it decreases to something less than ! niik'S (Knglish), and the narrowest part, which is between Stuart Island and Cooper's I'ccf, is IJ miles (I']iiglish). After passing south of Henry Island it gradually widens, lind is more than (5 miles in breadth when it enters the; Strait of Euea. I The water is deeper and the depth is more irregular in the Canal do ITaro than in llio liosario Strait, and though the tides run with about equal velucily in both, tho former is more subject to irregularities and races. The eastern or San Juan shore of the Canal Is bold and steep. Alter passing San Juan, when north^,ard of Henry Island, very strong and rro;,'ular tides are met with, aud there are rocks off Spiedeu Island which nuist nut bo hjiproached too close. Oil' Turn Point, ou Stuart Island, there arc strong whirls and eddy tides; and, tmless with a commanding breeze, a sailing-vessel is liable to be turned rouud by them ^lul lose the power of her helm. On the western side of the Canal the principal dangers arc — The Zero Hock and its neighbouring shoals in Cormorant Bay; aLo the Kelp |i<'('fs, which exteml southward and eastward of Darcy Island. I Cormf)ranl 15ay, however, aifords good anclun-iige. To end r it vessels may salely faud iu midway between Cordou Head and Zero Hock, aud unclior iu U lUllioms, ' See C'liart Nu. J. Tlic Canal do llaro. Llwrl No. i." Orijfin of Nnmcs of Channeli. the the two Chart No. 1. Appendix Xo, i. •where thoy will he frco from nny considerable tide. The Low nnd Bare Islands, north, ■ward of Sidney Island, should not be ajjproaclied very doso, and Cooper's lleef should be particularly avoided. The Hood tide sets stroni^Iy (o the nortli-west throui,'ii tiir IMiner's Channel, and sailiut^-vcsscls woukl be very litible to be set into it dimni,' li^'Iit winds. riumper Sound, on th- northern side of the l)end of the Strait, between Stimn Island and the cast point of Saturna Island, is a i^ood anchoi'ai;!', with a nioderiito de[)th of water for vessels scekin;^ shelter, and one of the few amoni^ the group of islands, which is of easy access to a sailini,'-vesscl. Cowlitz Bay, on the western side of Waldron Island, is also an excellent stopping, place, easy of access or ei,'ress. There arc two small anchorau'cs in Stuart Island, lleid and Prcvost Harbours, Inn they arc only suited to small vessels or steamers. A vessel ))assin<]f 1hroMi,'h the Canal de Jlaro may seek slielter in any of the above- mentioned anehor!ii,'es, but the ^'reat depth and irrei^ular nature of the bottom would render it impossible for her to anchor anywhere in the main channel. Sneh is the most (•oni])letc account which Her Majesty's (iovernment is able to lay before llis Imperial ^la jesty rcs[)cetin!,^ the hycLroi,'raphy of the two chauucls, whicli are in controversy. Oriijin of the Names of (he two CItannels. AVilli rci^ard to tlic ori^'iu of the rcs])cctive names of the two Clianncls there is some uncertainty. Troui an account published by Mr. llobert Creenhow, the Librarian of the Doi)artnicnt of State of the United States, in his "History of Ore^'on and California" (Boston, 1815), it would a])pcar that, in the summer of 17'JO, an attempt Avas made by the Spaniards to ex])lore the waters supposed to be identical with a north- west ])assai;e leading,' into the I'olar Sea, which, accordini,' to an ancient tradition, had been discovered in the sixteenth century by a Greek ])iIot, called commonly Juan dc Tuca. Tor tliat puri)ose, to quote IMr. Creenhow's words (History, p. 221), " Elisa, the Commandant of Isootka, detached Lieutenant Quimjjer, in the slov)p ' Princess lioya!,' who traced the passai^e in an eastwardly direction, cxaminini;; both its shores to the distance of about a hundred miles from its mouth, when it was observed to braiicli off into a number of smaller passages towards the south, the east, and the north, some of which were channels between islaiuls, while others ajjpeared to extend far into the j interior. Quimper was unable, from want of time, to ])euetratc any of tli' se passages; and he could do no more than note the positions of their entrances and of several I harbours, all of which arc now well known, though th(>y are generally distinguished by j names diiferent from those assigned to them by the Spaiuards. Among these passages and harbours wen; the; Canal de Caamano, afterwards named by Vancouver Admiralty Inlet; the Boca de Plon, or Dece])tion Passage; the Canal de Cuemcs, and the Canal de llaro, A\hieh may still be found muler those names in Engbsh charts, exteudini! northward from the eastern end of the strait; Port Quadra, the Port Discovery oil Vancouver, said to be one of the best harbours on the Pacilic side of America, Avitli | Port Qiumper near it on the west ; and Port Nunez Gaoua, called Poverty Cove by the American fur-traders, situated a few miles east of Cape Plattciy, where the Spaniards attempted, in 1792, to form a settlement. " Having ])eri"onned this duly as well as possible, under the circumstances in Avhich he Avas i)l:iccd, QuimpiT returned to Nootka, where he arrived in the beginniii;' of August." It is probable that it was upon the autiiority of Quimper, who was an Ensign of the lloyal iS'avy of Spain, that the name of the Canal de Haro was given to the Strait, Avhich separates A'ancouver's Island from the Island of Sau Juan, in the Spanish Cliai't of the discoveries mad(^ on the north-east coast of America, annexed to the narrative of the expedition of the Spanish exploring A'cssels, "Sutil" and " Mexicana," Avhicli Avas published at ^Madrid in 1802, by order of the King of Spain. A very brief allusion is made in the first chapter of that nan-atiA'C to Quimpei's Expedition. He is stated to haAC sailed from th«! port of Kootka on 31st Mav, 17W, to have reconnoitred the Port of Claucaud (in VancouA'cr's Island), to have'eulereil afterAvards into the Canal of Puca, to liaAc visited certain jjorts and i)art of the coast, to Imve taken sur\-eys, and to liaAC retired on the 1st of August, the Avcatlier not permitting him to continue his labours. Mr. Creenhow cit<>s, as his authority, the journal of (iuimjx'r's A'oyagc amou"- lac manuscripts obtained from the Hydrographical Department at Madrid. nds, north- leef should lirouu;h tlic, liu-inu,' li!,'lil recn SUum a nioiU'nite [le group of nt stoppuig- ai-boiirs, l)ui )f the above- ottoin woulil ut is able to luucls, wliifli mcls there is the Librarian ■ Oregon and 10, an attempt with a nortli- tradition, bail nonly J uan dc 221), "Elisa, ,oop ' Princess Lh its shores to rved to brancli he north, some [nd far into the h' se passages; and of several istingnished by these passages ivcr AdmiraltT and the Canal arts, cxtendins; Uiseovery of America, Avith iverty Cove by ry, Avhere the fcumstanees iu the bcginniB'^ a an Ensign ot to the Stmit, Spanish Cluivt to the narrative xieana," whicli to (iuimpm'j 1st :!ilay, 17W. () have entoroil rt of the coast, it her lie well k-agc amoui: On the other hand, the name of liosnrio Channel appears from the narrative of the Appendix No. 4. Sntil" and "Mexieana" to have originated witb Lieutenant Elisa, who, prior to the rival of those V(^ssels, had jieneirated into tlie upper waters, now called the fStrait of oonjia, and had given to tbem llie name ol' " 111 Cinial del Kosario." 'I'liat name is icdvdiniflv given to tbosc waters in the Cliarl, wbieb I'eprest'uts the course of that ilitioM. N'aneouver, on tlie otlier band, in bis Chart, to which rercienet* will be Wiart No. ! [ule licvcafter, assigns hat nanu' to certain narrow waters further north, which )avate the Continent from the Island now called Texada. How the name has come !)(> iipplied in modern days to the waters of the Strait of (ieorgia, as they are ,(•(,' southerly through the islands nntil they Join the bead-waters oi' the Strait riica, does not apjjcar. No name was in use, at the time wlien the Treaty of loth If, 18 Mi, was conchubHl, to distinguish these waters from the )ip|)er waters. The t, lifiiirrrr, is clear, that the name assirjned hi/ the Spaniardx to the ujijier waters of (incieiil a alt of (jeor(/i(i is used in the /ireseiit dnij to denote the Chainiel, which Her estifs Government maintains to lie the true continuation of that Strait. The exnediticm of the "Sutil" and '•-Mexieana" in ]7'.'2 aiJiX'ars to have asci'iuled AppfliKiix No, 4. I ( tiiirt iS u 1 Strait of Fuca to its headwaters, having touched fust at I'ort Cordova (now uiaialt Harbour), at the soutbern extremity of Nancouvi-r's Island. It thence c'l'i'dcd betweeii the Island of iJonilla iSniitb's island), and the south-i i)int Lopez Island, at that time believed to be (me and the .same island with San .iuau, 11 it reaclunl the mouth of the Canal de CJuemes, which separates the Island of cincs from the Continent. The expedition then ])assed up that Strait into the icni) de Uaston," now J5ellingham 15ay, and thence along the ])assage which separates Island of i'acbeeo (now Luntmi Island) iVoni the Continent, into the up])er waters known as the Strait of (ieori;ia. The two vessels continued their voyage onwards those waters past the I'ronionlory of Cepeda, afterwiirds called Point Poberts Aar.fouver, and were employed in reconnoitering the Poca de I'lorida Planca, tli'st large inlet north of Point Iloberts, when they were joined by N'aneouver. The expedition under N'aucou- 'r, after making a com])lete survey of the Strait of cimrtNo. 2. la u]) to its head-waters, Iiad also passed onward through the Channel between the li-cast ])oint of Lopez Island and the Continent ; but instead of directing its course \vav(l, like the " Sutil " and " Mexieana," on reaching (Juemes Island, it continued oursc northward aloui;' the main channel, wbieb separates Plakely Island from rcss Isliuid, and anchored in Strawber.'y Pay. fhenec it pursued its Qours(> between Orcas Island and Lunnni (Pacheco) Island, it reached Pireli Pay. Passing onwards it ])ursu(Ml a north and west course past t Roberts, and fell in with the Spanish vessels "Sutil" and "Mexieana," as (ly mentioned, off tin; lirst lari^e inlet north of Point Iloberts. The uarrativ(> of \'anconv<'r's ex])editioii was made puhlii- in 17'.)!^, and there was xed to it a chart, iu which the eoui c of the exjjcdition is traced throuuh the * nt Rosario Strait, and soundings a'c given at the entrance and in various j)arls of Strait, and in the u])per waters of the anciiMit (iulf in continuation of that Strait. The name of tb.e Canal de Arro a])pears also in this chart assiLi'ned to the lowt>r of the Strait wbieb separates A'ancouver's Isbind from San .liian; but the parts e west and north shores of these waters ar(> not shaded, intimating that N'aneouver ed his information from S|)anish authorities. No soundings whatever are given of the Canal de Ilaro either iu N'aneouver's , or in the Spanish Chart annexed to the narrative of the voyage of the " Sutil " -Mexieana." |1V CliiU't of Vancouver, in which tlH> soundings as above-mentioned are laid Cihitt Xo. 2. as liccn tb(> ii'uiding chart for all Pritisb vessels I'.avigiiting the wat(>rs between ontiuent and Vaneouv.^/s Ishuul from 170H until .some time after Mill, when a ' aeem-ate survey was made r)i' tb(> Strait of I'uea by Captain Kellett, and there idonec pivserved in the logs of vessels in the service of the ILuds(m's Pay any prior to that year, that it was their invariable practice to use the Ilosari'* as the leading channel from Puea's Strait into tb(> upper waters now known as itniit ijfticorgia. Ir. (ireenbow% in his " ^lemoir on the -Xorth-NN'cst Coast of North America" ^ork, 1810\ p. 1119, says that "tb(> observations of N'iincouver fii'm the basis of 'st maps of tb(> w{>st coast of America IVoni the IJOth decree of latitude to the Til extremity of Lofdi's inlet, as also of those of the Sandwich Isbuids, which he ed with rare. The maps contained in tli(> atlas annexed to the journal of the e id' the 'Sutil' and 'Mexieana' are nearlv all copied from those of the Britisli tor." 105| C ^mm Extent of Fiica'i Strait. Cliart No. .'t.* Naviiratioii nf Fiira's Strait. Clmrt No. 4.t Chart No. 3. Rftcnt of Fuca's Slrail. Tt will liav(> Ihhmi obsorvcd by His Imporial ^Miijcsty tlmt llov ^Fajosty's (iovonJ nioiit, ill siicakinu' (»!' riica's Strail, uses tliat cxitfcssiim to {Iciiotc tlic inlet of tiic vT Avliicli fvlciids IVoiii Cajtc i'latlcry to Whidlx-y Island, wiiicli lies oil" tlio Aniciica Continent. The iitniosi leiiLftli ol" Fnea's Sti'ail would tims extend over alioiit 2 of longitude, e(|iial in tliat latitude to about S(, miles (ilnnlisli), wlion it nier;:c<,a its soutli-east extivniity, in Adniirally Inlet, and at its north-east extremity Itosario Stmit. • Xariijfitinu of Fttca'a ISlrdil. Till' ifnsario Strait and the Canal de [jnro are both of thein eonneettvl ininiediani with l''nea's Strait, so that it is ])ossil)le lor a vessel settini; out IVoni a ])ort on citil sid(! ol' the Channel umler the li)th parallel oi' north latitude, to ])ass by either of iiiterveniiiu' (."liannt'ls into iMiea's Strait, and theiiee to the raeilic (Jeean ; witlii:! ditl'erenee, however, that a rcssri juissIikj down the Rnsnrin .S7r«// would enter I'l Strait at its eastern end. in about 12:1' -IT' west loii'^'ilude, the proper and safe cit'j for sutdi ;i vessel beiiiu; to the eastward of Davidson's IJoek at tlie distanee ofal.^ J. mile south of ("ape Colville, and ."o irniild hare lo n(irii/alr tlir vliolc of Film's S<-1 on its way to the I'aeitie Ocean ; \vhereas a rf:ts:i'l imssinr/ dnini flic Ciuial dr Hnrn' kee]) a safe eoiirse between Discovery Island and the .Middle liaiik, and enter Strait of I'^ica in about 12:i° 10' west lonn'itude, and so n-nnld onlij he ohlitjpd In inn'-i nhnul twn-tliirdy (f Fiira's iStriiit (in its way to the I'acilic Ocean. (Jii the other l!:i:| a vessel enterini;' Fuea's Strait frimi ihe I'aeilic Ocean and linniid up the Rosaiio Si by nii,'ht, after makin^• the lii^lil upon llaee Island, would have to uiake the lij upon \ew l)unu'i>ness, Mhieh is about 70 miles from Cape I'^lattery, and then the u])ou Smith or Blunt Island, which lies almost in the centre of the eastern eiiiij Fiiea's Strait, and about miles from tlie entrance of the I'osario Strait. Hk made; Smith's Island, the vessel may pass safely either to the northwai'd or the sn Avard of it, accor(lin^• as the wind may allow. In the former ease she would jiim have to pass within ;{ miles of Cape Colville before she can enter the Rosario SH On the other hand, if she is obliu'cd to keep a coui'se to the southward of Sm:\ Island, she would proba.bly lunc to jiass within :> miles ol' ^Vhidbey Isliind bel'on reaches \\\c entrance of the Rosario Strait. She iniuht thus b(> oblin'cd in tnie orl other ease to naviuate Avithin llti' three wil-.t limit. (Jn the- eotitrary, a vessel oiitf: J'uea's Strail from the Ocean, and boimd up the Canal de llaro, Avill not be uiidiTJ necessity to ])ass within territorial Avaters on either side o.' the boundary line, iiu to reach the enlrunee of the Canal. 2. 7 oirif of I Uiik'S for tlie Iiili'ipri'latioii of Tri'iitios. Vnttcl, I. ii, I'liap. 17, NCI'. :271. Loudon, mil. llaviiii;' thus, in the first ])lace, broiiu;li1 under the consideration of llis Tmiv .Afajesty the physical features of tlie Avatcrs throiiiih Avliieh the boundary line is il drawn piu'suant to the provisions of the Treaty of the 15tli .hm(>, ISKi, Her J{nl;J ^lajesty's (lovernment jiroposes, in the second place, to submit to the eonsidenitifj His Imjierial Majesty certain I'ules of interiire'ation which, in the opinion ol'.jiif of the highest authority, are applicable to the interpretation of Treaties, and wliiiJ the opinio: of Her IJritannie Majesty's Ciovernment, may be properly iuvoy elicit the true interpretation of the Treaty of the 15th June, lb 10. Ruksfoi- the Interpretation of Treaties. There are certain admitted Uules to which Her ^Majesty's (lOA'crnnicnt invil(* attention oi' His Jin])erial Majesty, as ]n'oper to be observed in the interpretiitil Treaties:— 1. The trnrds of a Trentij are to be taken to lie used in the sense, In which th'i coiiimonhj used ill the time when the Treaty was entered into. In ailirination of this rule, Vattel (I. ii, chap. 17, see. 271) writes: — " int(>rpreiatioii of Treaties, einnpacts, and prinniscs, av(> oui^'ht not to deviate I'li eomnion use of lani^'uaLre unless we have very stront^ reasons for it;" and in ilhi of what he means bv "tb(> common use oi' laiMiuanc,"' h(> u,'oes on to say, in of the lime when the Treatv or tli' 272. "The ii<;n,fe avc here s])eak of is that of whatever kind, was drawn up and eoneluded. liangiiayes incessantly A'ary siu'uilieatiou and force of words cliani-'es with I'iik ." • Stf C'iiart No. 4. I Sec Cliart No. 3. ncaniii^' oi hfe of' itj ^"t alloAVfl If mav m Ps to the 'I'l'pnnihl ;^H Vci fiiif of it. • Treiilii' 1 illiisfra B^t u-ill nl loiis. ll i)V cithov (it'll ( )c(>an ; Avitli r mill enter l'"'- ;• and safe f (listiiiK'c of «!■ ,, of Fiicf/'.'.' >i 'mud (Ic H'do ik, and onlcr ohlujed In im „ the (itliev 1' the Rosaiio >. to ii\a1'' slu> would |)V the llosario Si itlnvard of Sm. .y Isltind lieft* liio'iMl in our it •V, a v(>ssel onli; 11 not lie nndiT idarv lino, in c ion of His Im? undary line i>; t| 18 Ki, Her BvitJ the eonsidcnitiif > opinion el aties, and \vlm| iropcrly iuvoM )vernnicnt invi the intevpretatil ise, in v-hich th'A ■I) writes-.— '■ I] t to deviate f^j t ;" and in ilUi^'f on to say, i" Treaty or tli'' jssantly vary, ; NO. 3. 2. In InterpretiTKj anij r.rpresslons in a Treaty, regard must he had to the context and tirit of the irlwie IVentij. Ill adh'niatioii ol'tliis rulo, Vattel (ihid., see. 2^.',) writes as follows; — " it lre(|iieiitly iia|)|)eiis tliat, witii a view to eoiicis^'ue.-.';, |)eii])li' cNpress imporfeotly, id witli some dei;Tee oi" ohsciirity, tliiii!,'s a\ liicli tliey siipjjosc Io be suliicieiitly eliiei- itcd 1)V tlie precedinu' inaltev. or MJiioli tliey intend to explain in the seipiel ; and, loivover, Avords and (wpressions have a dillerent force, soinetiines (>ven a quite dilferent -nitieation, aeeordiii';' to the occasion, their connection and their relation to other mis. The connect ion and train of the discourse is, therefore, another source of torpvptnt'.m. We must consi(l(>r the whole discriurse together, in order ])erfec(ly to iccivc the sense of it, and to i^iv(> to each expression not so much tlu> si^'iiilicntion lii'li il may individually admit of, as that ■ which it oui^'ht to have from the»on1ext 1(1 spirit of the discourse. Such is tli(> maxim of the JJomau law : ' Jncivih; est, li tola lei^e perspectit, unfi aliqiiA, ])articuli\ ejus proposita, judicare vol res])omlcre.* Hijost, 1. i, tit. iii, De i.et;il)us, let,'. 2t.)" 3. The interpretation uliould be drawn from the connection and rehition of the different ■ts. I'pon this rule, Vattcd (ibid., sec. 28()) writes as follows: — "The very <'onneclion and rcdatitni of the thinijs in question hcl])s also to discover cst.il)lish the true sense of the Treaty or of any other piece. The interpretation lit to 111' made in such a manner that all th(> parts may appear consonant to each [py — that what follows may ai.creo Avith what imu'cdcd, unless it evidently apjiear Lt, hythe subseipient clauses, the parties intended to malic some alteration in the •(■(lill^' ones. For it is to be presumed th:it the autiiors of a deed had an uniform steady train of thinlcin;,'' — that they did not aim at incoiisisteiu-ies and contradic- is. but rather that they intended to explain one thinu,' by luio'.l'.er- and, in a Avord, one and the same spirit rein'us tlirou|^hout the same i/n (lucfinn i;v the sanio ity." _ ' _ ^[ 4. The interpretation should he auitable to the reason of Hie Tr-atij. In illustrati(m of this rule, Vatt(d (ibid., see. 'I'^l) writes : — "The reason of the laAV or of the Treaty— tlat is to say, Hie motive^ Avhich led (o [niakint; of it and the object in coutemplati >u at tlu> lime— is the most certain cluo load lis to the discoA'cry of its true mea.nini,' ; and ureal attention should be ])ai(l 111' cii'ciunstaiRC Avhenever tiiere is (picstion either of ex])lainiiiu' an obscure, lijjiiDUS, indeterminate passaii'e in a laA\ or Treaty, (u* of ajiplyini^ it to a jiarticular When once wo certainly know the reason which alone has determined the Avill person sjieakini,', avc oui^'ht to interi-rel and a])ply his words in a manner suitable (lial reason alon(> ; otherAvisc Qtion, and in ojiposilion to his I" i'ursiiant to this rule, a prince wlio on p,'ranlini;' his dauj^liter in inarriai;e has aisod til assist his intended son-in-law in all his wars is not bound to giAO him Iftssistaiice if the marriaifc does not take jilacc. Hut Ave ou^ht to be Acry certain that we knoAV the triic^ and only reason of law, the promise, or the Treaty. In matt<>rs of this nature it is not alloAvahlc to uii'c in A'ain and uncertain conjectun's, and to suppose reasons and vicAvs, Avlici'c are none certainly knoAvn. U' the ])iec(> in (picstion is in itself obscure — if, in to discover its meaniuu,', avc have no other resource than the investii^ation of kiitlinr's views or tli(> motives of the deed, avc may then have recourse to conjecture, [in default of absohit(> certainty, adopt as the true meanini:^ that which has tin; est decree of pndiability on its side. But it is a dangerous abuse to go Avithout ^sjty ill s(;arch of motiv(>s and uncertain vi(>Avs in order to Avrest, restrict, or extend laniug of a deed, Avhich is of itself sullicii^ntly cl(>ar and carries no absurdity on ncp of it. Such a procedure is a violation of that incontestable maxim, that hot allowable* to intei'pret what has no need of int(M'pretation." p may be observed, by the Avay, that the motive of the High Contracting to the Treaty of 1810, and the obj(>ct they had in vicAv, are explicitly stated ! I'roandde of t ho Treaty, so that it Avill not be necessary for ilis Tniperial Majesty livi'l out of the AA'ords of the Treaty itself, for the ])urposc of ascertaining the 'of it, Trralirs are to he interpreted in a favourable rattier than an odious sense. Jii illustrati(jn of this rule Vattel (ibid., sec. 801) Avrites : — 'It will not ho diflicult to shoAV in general Avhat things arc favourable, and what iious. In the first place, everything that tends to the common advantage iu C 2 Vnttcl, btc. 2li; 1. ii, clinp. 17, Vattol, ibid., sec. 2«C. Vattel, ibid., see. 287. lie will be mixdv to s])eak and act contrary to his own views. Vattel, ibid., sec. 301. Bi 8 Vnttel, 1. ii, chap. 18, sec. 305. Conventions, or that lias a t<*n(loncy to placo the Contractina; Parties on a fool in;; i equality, is lavounibh'. Tlie voice of equity and the ^'cneral riilc! of contracts n'(|iiitl that the conditions hctween the ])arties slioiiid he ('(iiial. Wo arc not to prcsiunJ uithout very strong;' reasons, tliat one of the Contractin!;' Parlies inlcnded to liivni the otlu'i' to iiis own prejudice; liut tiierc is no dauiicr in exteiulin^,' wiiat is lor iL common advantage. If, therefore, it iia|)[)ens thai llie Contractini;' Parties iiavc iJ mad(! known their will with sulllcient i'ieaniess, aiul witli all tlii^ neces.sary prccisinrj it is certainly more eonformahle to e(|uity lo seek foi- that will in the sense favoumhle to equality and the comu'on advantaii;e, than lo supjxjsc it in the eoiuraiJ sense. For tiu' same reason everythini;' tiial is not for tlu; common advantai^e, uvmj thint^ that tends to destroy the e(|ualily of a eonlraet, everylliinu; that onerates u:d one of the ])arties, or that onerates the one more than the other, is odious. lii| Treaty of strict I'ricndshii), union, ami alliance, everythinii' A\hich, without liiiJ hiu'densome to any of the partii's, lends to llu." common advanlaL;<' of the Confedi'iiifj and to draw the l)onds of union closer, is favourahle. In unc(|ual Trcalie.> especially in unei[iial alliances, all the clauses of ine(|uality, and ])rincipally those tJ (Hierale ihe inferior ally, are odious. I^'jion this principli' that we ouj^hl, in eas(s douht, to extend what leads to ('(piality ami restrict what (h-stroys it, is founded tlJ Avell-knowit rule — ' Ineommoda vilantis melior, qiiam commoda petentis, est eaiiJ (Quinetilian, Inst. Orat., 1. vii, eh. iv.) The party who en(h'avours to avoid a loss I a hetter cause to sup|)ort than lu> who aims at ohtainim;' an advantai^e." 0. Whatever Inleipretation lends to cliaiujc the fxintiuij state of lliiiujs at the tiiiuj Treaty was made is to be ranked in the class of odious thimjs. Vattel (ihid., sec. 305), in illustration of this rule ohscrves, that " the propiit:! cannot he d(>|)rive(l of his right, except so far precisely as he relinquishes it on his iia.'f and in case of douht the ])resunq)tion is in favour of the possessor. It is less repu^'iii to equity to withhold from the owner a jjossession Avhich he has lost through his fii neglect, than to strip the just ])ossessor of Avhat lawfully hehmgs to him. Iiiij interpretation, therefore, we ought rather to hazard the former inconvenience than 'I latter. Here also may he applied, in many cases, the rule ahovc-mentioned (see. m that th(> party who endeavours to avoid a loss lu.s a hettor cause to support than wlio aims at ohtaining an advantage." The First Ifule of Iiiterpietatton. Chart No. 2. The eeneral use of the Rosario Strait before 1846. Appendix No. 4. Chart No. I. Her Buitann'ic! Majesty's Goveuxment Avill now proceed to suhmit to consideratio:. of His Imperial ^Majesty, in the third plae(\ their views as to the imJ application of the above rides to the interpretation ol the Treaty of 15th June, Ibkl The First Rule of Interpretation in its uppiication lo ihe Treaty of 1846. In accordance Avith the tirst ruh? ahove meidioned. Her Maj(>sty's Govonm submits to the consideration of His Imperial ^Majesty the following facts in suppuJ the position that the narrow waters, now designated the Rosario Strait in lirif Charts, were the only chauiud between Ihe Continent and A'ancouv<'r's Island (jm'\ knoivn and commonly used by sea-(join(j vessels at the time when the Treaty of loth- 1810, was made, and that the words '• the Chanm>l," in the siguitication which riw^ usage aflixed to them at that time, denoted those waters. (1.) Vancouver's expedition, in 17'.)2, after ex])loring the head-waters of H Strait, ])asscd on to the nortlrvard, along the narrow waters which separate Lj Island from what Avas then believed to be the Continent, and followed those watof their course between Blakcdy Island and Cypress Island into Birch Bay, and thJ passed onwards to Point Uoherts and the upper Avat(>rs of the ancient Gulf nowoa the Strait of Georgia. Soundings were made throughout the passage, which arcstj in Vancouver's narrative, and are laid down in tlu; chart annexed to it, suflicieil secure for future navigators a safe course from Puca's Strait uito the upper if Vancouver did not explore, nor docs he give any soundings of tlu; Canal de llaiujf is not menti-oied in his narrative ; the name of it, however, appears on the laj his Chart, distinguishuig waters without soimdiugs from the Channel through j Vancouver passed. (2.) The Spanish exploring vessels " Siitil " and " ilexicana," in the samel appear, from the narrative of the expedition, to have pursued a course to the soutlij of Ihe San Juan Island until they reached the head-Avaters of Fuca's Strait, then entered the same channel Avhich Vancouver entered, and folloAAcd it as far Island of Gueraes, when they passed onwards, along the Canal de Guemcsl Straits to 3. Pr Straits SOI ics. Looki !it.' second lie second outherly rancouvcr on a foot ins; ontrac'ts vt'(|iiirl not to pvi'Miinj I'lldt'd to lilVdi; wliiit is I'tir ill |'arti»>s liavc lul ossary prcciMuii tho siuisc nuil in tlic foutra ,dvantau;o, uven| at oucratcs ual is odious. InJ I, witlioiit lii'i: tlic ConlVdcratj till Tivatics, aif i-ipiilly tliosc t!. )llU,llt, ill «'!l^l'^ t, is i'oimdt'tl tU tt-ntis, ost ciui-;! I) avoid a loss 1 e." lujs at the llmr t " tlie proinii'! dies it ou Ids pa: t is less ropu'.'c throui^h his "1 s to liim. In I ivenionce than il ■iitioucd (sec. M o support than to submit to' 'ws as to the imjl lutli .hino, lb«| t,j of 1846. (>sty's Govenml facts in supiiurl io Strait in M cv's Island (jeiir\ rcaty of loth .' lation which fo«j ad-waters of H lich separate l.] )we(l those watc •ch Bay, and thi ientGulf now CI age, which ave si :ed to it, sufficiei iito the upper Canal d(> Ihu'o »pears on the I'aj auiiel through 'I a," in the same urse to the soutW Fuea's Stmit. lowed it as far nal dc Guemcs, Bcllintrlir.ni Bay ("El Seno do Gaston "). l-'rom Hellin!>lmm Bay they pursued a nortlierly course past I'oiiit lloherts into I lie upper waters of the ancient (Julf. (;j.) I'lie Chart of Vancouver, ■•hich i^ivcs sounding's only for naviujating throuji;b imrtNo. 2 the Kosario Channel, was the Chart in ^'eneral use up to tlie end of ISUJ. (1.) No Spanish chart of a date anlecc(i( nt to t lie Treaty of lotii June, 1810, is kiiDun to Her .Majesty's < Jovcrninent, in which soun(lini,'s are •j;iven for navigatinji; through the Canal di- llaro. (5.) When the " Heaver," the lirst steam-vessel used by the lludson's Jlay Company, passed up from l''iica's Strait to Fort Langh^v cm the Frazer lUver in 1S37, slu> made use of what is now known as the I'osario Channel. She ex})lored the Canal di' llaro for the lirst time in Is 1(5. (0.) AVhen tiie I'nitrd States cKploring vessel "Porpoise," under LiiMitenant Bing- unld, passed up to the imrtliward, fnnn Fnca's Straits into the up|)er Gulf in IHH, she made use of what i ; now known as the i'osario Channel. TIu' lioats, on tin; other iiaiid, of her consort, t!ie " N'incennes," wliicli remained at \ew l)unsty's steamer "Cormorant," the lirst of Her ^lajesty's steam-ships Appendix No. «. which navigated the waters octween the Continent and Vancouver's Island, in i Soptemher iSlti ])assed iij) tin; Rosario Channel to the northward, and returned to I Fuea's Strait by th<' same channel. (8.) TIu> declarations of sea-ea])tains and otlier persons in the service of the Appendix No. 6. I Hudson's Bay Company tuv conclusive* that the only channel, used and considered safe by them prior to 1810, w as the llosaiio Chaimel. The Second and Third Rules of Interpretation, It is conceived by Her Majesty's Govennnent that the second and third rules for I the interpretation of Treaties, already brought to th(> attention of Ilis Imperial Majesty, as they are of a cognate character, may be conveniently considered together in their application to the (piestion submitted to the arbitration of His Imperial Majesty. These rules may be, then, brielly expressed : — (a.) That the context and spirit of a discourse is a source of interpretation, ■where [particular expressions are obscure from over-conciseness of statement. (b.) Th(! interpretation of any part of a discourse ought to be made in such a Imanner, that all the parts mat/ be consonant to one another. It may be observed then, in the first place, that thc^ only expressions in the Treaty lof 15th .Tune, 181(), respectir ;:,• which any disagreement has arisen between the High IContracting Parties, are to b(> found in the second paragraph of the 1st Article of it : ["And thence soutluM'ly through the middh; of the said Channel, and of Euca's Strait, Ito the Pacilic Ocean :" and that the disagreement is limited to the words " the said IChaimel." It is considered, therefore, by Her ^Lajesty's Government that, in order 10 lan'ive at the true; interpretation of the above words, regard m-iy iinv^ erly be had, not liuorcly to the context of th(> para""np!i itself, b;'.!. to ll.e (cvl i.T the preceding and following paragraphs of the 1st ^\.rticle, which is the operative ])art of the Treaty as regards the settlement of the line of boundary. The 1st AriiCii , then, of the said Treaty is divided into three paragraphs : — 1. From the point in t\w 19th parallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid iown in existing Treaties ,vnd Conventions between Great Britain and the United States enninates, th(> lin(> of boundary between the territories of Her Britannic Majesty and be United States shall be continued westward along the said 19th parallel of north ititude to the middle of the Channel, which separates the Continent from Vancouver's [slaud. 2. And thence southerly through the middle of the said Channel and of Fuea's Straits to the Pacific Ocean. 3. Provid(>d, however, that the navigation of the whole of the said Channel and ^traits south of the '19th parallel of nortli latitude remain free and open to both l!l''M('S. Looking now to the text of the first paragrajjh of this Article in connection with second paragraph, Her Majesty's Government submits to His Imperial Majesty " it be second paragraph may be read as if it Avcrc written in exteiiso thus : "And thence Dutherly through the middle of the Channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island, and through the middle of Fuea's Straits to the Pacific Ocean," The Sfcond and Third Rules of Interpretation. Appendix No, 2. The context of the Treaty considered. 10 The consonance the second and third paragraphs of the Treaty. of Chart No. 4. the rliannol and tlio straits hvlw^ so ('(mupctcd in tlic sccoiid i)ar,ii,'vapli as to h, i;ovt'rnc(l l)y tlir prcci'diuL!; words, " lliioiiiiii llic middle dl"." Ni)\v, tlic extent id" the waters lien- disi^nrited as I'lica's Strait is nut in eontrn. versy. It is true, inch-ed, tiiat liy some' writers, amonn'st wlinni may h(> meiitidinil ^Ir. liohert (ireenln)W, the iiihrarian ti> tlie Department nl" Slate of tlie I'nited Stiitci, and the aiithm" of a Memoir, Historical and I'olilieal, on tlie N'ortii-West Coast iif North Aiiieriea,])uhlished in ISIO hy direction ol liie Senate, tlie term " Fiica's Strait " lias boon used prior to tlie Treaty of ]s|(; to denote tlie whole of the ohannol throiiijii which '. was supposed that the Ciroek pilot, .liiaii de I'lica, found a i)assai;'e into tiir P(dar Sea in the sixteenth century. Thus ."\lr. (iiveiihow, in his " History of Oregon" (p. 'J 'I, sjioakiiii,' of th(> three urenl uroups of islands south of 51° !(>' north latitndi', sa\ •, " The suiithernmost L;rou|) eniliraee-; one lar^'e island, and an inlinite iiumher (i( sniaUer ones, oxtondini,' from the IDlli ij.irallel to the .")lst, and separated from tin continent on tlio south and east !iy the channel eiilled tlii' Strait of I'lioa." Tliciv is a slit^ht hiacounioy, it may he (ili-er\e(l, in this pa>>au'e as regards the latitude (ifl tho p,'roiip of islands; hut Air. (Ire.'nhow, in .a pre\ ions passiinc of th(> same wmil (p. 22), has desorihod tin; channel which he has in view with irreater accuracy, , is ninninij eastward about 100 mil(\s between tho tSth and l!)lh jiarallels of latitudi', | and then tiirninjj; to the north-west. The view of llor Majesty's (iovernnKMit is, thai th(> term '• Fiica's Straits" is used | in the Treaty (A' ISU! to siiiaiilV the lo\\('r i);>rliiin oiilv of .Mr. (Jrceuhow's Cliamii'l, namely, the inlet of tho sea which evtends eastward from the racMiv (Jooan to tlu'i cntmnco of the jiassai^'o, ihroiiu'li wliich Aancouver continued his A-oyau:o to tlio northward, and Avhicli he has laid down in his chart as a navifiahle (dianiud, eoimootiin' Fuoa's Strait with the ii])pi-r w.-iters of t!ie ancient Clulf. In accordance with lliis si^nilicalion of I'n. a's Straits, Her ]\li'.jesty's fJovornnicit | submits to llis Imperial .Majesty that the tiiiii " I'uoa's Straits"' must be taken j to have been inserted in tlu; second ])araLrraph of the Tst Article of tho Treaty of IbK), for the sake of descrihiiiif with greater precision tho eours(> of the lv)undary line, and that it is one of tho necessary conditions of the l)()nndary line, that it should he drawni through the middle of the Inlet of the .-eii, of which Cape .l''l;itlery may lie roirarded as the south-Avestern extremity, and Doeojitiou I'ass as tho norlh-eastum extremity. Now a lino may bo properly said to ho drawn thr(iuu;h tho middle of this inlrt, if it 1)0 drawn in either of two ways, namely, if it he (h'awu loiiLifhways, or if ill be drawn breadthways. There eau however ho no doubt as to Avhicdi of suohl alternative lines is recpiired to satisfy the Treaty, as the line is to he drawn to thcl I'aeific Ocean, and this can only he elTootod hy drairiiKj ilie line ihromjh the middle nil Fuc(i'.'< Strail.i leivjthwtiijx. Upon this point in the case, Her Majority's (jovornmoi)t[ submits to Uis Imjierial ^rajesty that there can he no reasonalde doubt. Her Alajesty's (iovonunonl further submits to llis Inijierial A[aj(>sty that, ml order that the second paragraph of the 1st Artitdo of the 'rreaiy of JSKi shall U' I consonant to the third paragraph, in other words in order to aoeoimt for and ^ivel reasonable effect to tho third paragraiih, whereby tho navigation of the whole of Fuci\t\ Straits is secured to both tho High Contracting Parties, the second jiaragraph mustkj interjircted as requiring the lino to bo drawn southerly through the middle of a ehanml which II ill allow it to enter the head waterx of Fiirii's Straits, and to he continued throuifil the middle of the Straits in an uninterrupted line to the Pacitic Ocean; in other Wdi'd* the boundary Hue after it has entered Fuca's Straits must divide tho waters of tlicl Straits in such a manner, as to render tlic^pi'oviso nooossary, which is embodied iul the third paragraph. For tho purpose of bringing this ])ari of the case more completely before the mindl of llis lni])erial Majesty, Her Majesty's (iovermufMit will roeapitulate briefly tkl characteristics of I'uca's Straits, as they hoar u|)on tho question. The breadth, then, of h'uea's Straits, whore they leave the Paeiiic Ocean hotwcral Cajie Flattery on tho Contineni, their southern ])oint, and Bonilla Point on \'aiieouvcr'il Island, their lun'lhern ])oint, is ihirteen miles. Within these points they soon narroul to eleven mih-s, and carry this Avidlli on an east course for forty miles. They tlu'iil take an east-north-east direotion to i'.-' shor(> of "Whidhoy Island. Between Eacol Islands and tho southern shore is the narrowest jKirt of the Straits, 'fhcir loa-tl breadth, however, in this part is not less than eight miles, after which the Sti'.'iitif • •xpaiid immediately to seventeen miles, a width which they maintain more or lisi in the part where the Canal di; Ilaro enters them. On the other hand, it is difTicidtl to detine precisely the place where the waters of Fuca's Straits merge in thos;- .1 u i]ili as to Im (it in CDiilro- !)(> nii'utiiiiiiil I'nitcd Stiilcy V.-sl Coast (if Fuca's Strait" anni'l ihroiiLrli I'oundary liiu', lat it slio'uld 1)0 latti'ry may lio I" nortli-eastm Ic of this inlot, tliways, or if il wliicli of sue 10 drawn to the rjh the VI id die «/ y*s Government t. [ajcsty that, in I 'l8l'() shall lit mt for and Ltivo e u-hole of Fucii> aiii'aph must lie ddle rif a chanmi continued lliroiujl in other woi* 10 waters of tlio' is embodied in |)cf(n'0 tlio iiiinilj date hriefly tkl tc Ocean hetwcoiil it on Naneouvi'i'jj ;hov soon narnffll lik's. They tlieiil IJotweon KacJ its. I'lieir h';wl uhieh the Straitil ain more or 'i^"-! nd, it is diirioult| icrgo in tho'^" tlie Tlosnrio Strait; l)ut ruea's Straits i^radually contract as tlicy aitproacli the entraneo of the I'osario Sliail, wliich is only live niih's wide. X |)i()\ ision \\iiicii tliiis secures to fill' vessels of cillier nation the rinlit of free iia\ i'^ation on cither side of the hmwuhwy V\Ui' lliniiiijlinuf titr irhdlr of Ihr Clii.'iinrl (ind Fucu'a N/n///.v would lie perfectly iiitcliiiiiliie, and, In I'aei, wnuld lie a i'ei[ni^ile precanlioii, if the line is to jiass throuuli Hosario Strait, dividin^• the head wafers of l''iica"s Straits; hut it would not he in any such sense a nrcn-scnj jtrvc(uili wliole of I'lica's Slrails e(|ually as of (lie I'osario Cliannel, inaMuuch t'lird jmrugrapfi. as tlie infdium Jilinn aqinr in the upji, riii(;st par' of !'"uea's Straits would he within the " three miles limit '" of citlier shore; on tlic oilier hand, tlie ))arf of Fuea's Straits, wlici'e the Canal de llnro strikes fhein, are of so i^rcat a hreullli flial there would he; an ani))lc niarL;'iii o!' cDiiinio;! r,.i\ii;;i,hle water for \e >els on either side of the inrdiuni \ Jiliim (iijUfP, and no necessity fi,r vessels passini;' to and from the {'aeilic Ocean to imviynir williin the juri>dii!iii)ud ;r(ilns of cither ol ihe llin'h Contracting' I'arties. If it shoiilil he said on hehalf of tlie United States" Covernnieiit that the proviso ill tlie third pai'tiuT. ' the 1st Article of Ihe Treaty of iSJOwas not inserted hy way of prfCdiilion, hut r;,iher hy way ei' coniihi, to jirescrve to both tlie JliLfh C'oiitractini;' I'arties ;; liherty of navin'atie.n liiiherlo enjoyed h\ fhcni in cominou, llcr Majesty's (io\( I'iunent suhmits that coiisiderafions of coniihi would eipially have ri'(piired tlu! extension of tli(> proviso to the \\afers of Ihe Channel, wliiidi sejiaratcs the j cniit incut IV(>m N'aiici. liver's Island noilh (if lln' forlii-ii'.nlh jKirnllfl of norlli liilituili', ixa liotli parties had herctofoie enjoyed in common the free navii^'ation of those watcTs; Imt no such jirecaiition lias been taken in the Treaty to limit Ihe exercise of exclusive suvcrcii,nity north of the foi'ty-ninth iiarallel. I Ai;aiii, it would litive he. n an iiiireasonahle fhinii' to have ])rovide(l by the Treaty that both parties siionld rrlain the frei? enjoynient of Ihe iia\ii;afion of llie irliolc of [Film's Straits, unless the 'I'reaty is lo be interpreted as re(plirin^' fbe boundary line to 111' ilrawn fhrou'j,h the middle of those Straits, and continued through the Rosario Chaniii'l, in which case f]i(< free navigation of Ihe whole of Fuca's Straits to the cosfward of the C;\nal de llaro wonhl he at iinies a (.'oiuhtion essentially necessary to ('iiiil)lc British or .Vmeriean vcnscIs, as the case may b(\ to enter or leave the channel riiiiiicctiiiu; Fuca's Straits wiili Ihe wafers of the iqiper Gulf. To contend, indeed, that itliis |)rovision of the Trejify wmild be consonant to an infer[)refiitinn of the Treaty, liBJuhicli would continiie the houndary line throiiyh the Canal de llaro, is to deprive tln' proviso of any rafIon;il meaning', as Americ;in a'csscIs would possess the rii^'ht of Baviii'afiiiii' the Straits to the eastward of the Cainil de llaro Avithout any such proviso, jaud British vessels would not require any such liberty to enable them to enter or [leave the Channel tlirouu'b whitdi the boundary lino is to pass Irom Fuca's Straits into Dcr Gulf. Itho waters of the upjii'i The Fourth Rule of Inlcrpreldtion. The Fourtli Rule of Interpretation. The fourth of fhe rul(>s to which iler Erifannie ]\Iajesty's Government has invited the affeufion of His Imperial Majesty is, that the intrrprclittion should he xuituble to the husQii of the Treatij, that is to say, the motive Avhieh Iccl to the making of it, and the bhjeet in contein))lation at the time. "We ought," says A'attel (section 287), " to bo veiy certain that we know the true Irnd r.iilv reason of the law, or tlu; Treatv. In matters of this nature it is not allowable lo indulge in vague and luicovtam conjt>ctures, and to sujiposo reasons and views where llierc are none c(>rtainly known. If the piece in question is in itself obscure ; if, in Ner to discover its meaning we have no other resource than the investigation of the Riillior's views or fhe motives ■ :' c deed, wc may then bav(" recourse to conjeeture, (11(1 ill default of absolute c(>rtiiinfy adopt, as the true meaning, that which has the Ji'eah'st degree of probability on its side. Jhit it is a dangerous abuse to go Avithout in »'ai'('li of motives and uncertain views in order to wrest, restrict, or ext(!ndtlie meaning bf the deed, A\hicli is of itself sufficiently clear, and carries no absurdity on the face Int." Now the liiotive of the Treaty, as recited in tlie l'reambh> of it, was to terminate ThemotiTeof tfie state of doubt and uncertainty, which had hitherto prevailed respecting the sove- Treaty. |t'i;;ufy and goviH'nmont of the territory on the north-west coast of America, lying twai'd of the llocky ^lountains, by an amicidile compromise of the rights mutually . fcserfcd hy the two parties over the said territory. 12 No name is givon to the Channel. It is a n'ason.'ihlc ])reMimptioii (Vom tliis Prcamblo, tliat Hor Britannic ^In josh's Govcmmcnt, wliidi drew ii|i tin- ]»arai:ra;)li oi' (lie 'I'vcaty of JHlCi. the mcaiiini; of which is ill controversy, hud u dcjinilc {loniidtinj line In vieir, whidi would tcrniinatc all doubt and uiic 'itainlv as to tiic limits, witliin which llic irspcctivt! I'artics to tlu' Treaty Avcrc liciicct'orlli to exercise riuliK ol' so\ci'cii;'iity. The Treaty of isKi, it should also he hornc in mind, was not an ordinary Treaty ol' Iriendship (tr alliance, in which a |)anmra|)h n spcetiii;;' mutual lioiuidaries was inscrtc;} amonj^st i)araii;rai)hs relevant to other matters; hut it was a 'I'rcaty, ol' wiiicli tht \ liriwari) object wti.s llip .setllriin-nt of a hoiindmij line, and it would h(> unreasonaljlc to attacii a va!?ue and uncertain nieaninu; to any words descriptive of the houn(hiry line, if | such words are suscei)tihle ol" a tli'Jiitile and rirtiiin mcii»in(j. It is not too inucli to say, and if will jtrohahly not he disputed — fin- it lias been so The object of thu stated by one of tiic most cniineiit of .\meric;ui statesmen — that the 1,'reat aim of the Treaty. United States in ISMJ was to establish the I'.ltli parallel of north latitude as the line i.f boundary on the western side of the lloeky .Mountains, '• not to he departed J. -0111 for imA line further south on the Continent :" and that with rci-anl to straits, sounds, and islaiiilsl in the neii;hh(nn-in^' seas, they were subjects of minor importance, to be dealt with iiial spirit of fairness and c(putv. (Speech of .Mr. Webster before the Senate of tin; L'iut('(l| States, :March;5(), is Mi.) On the other hand, it is notorious, and it is also ])iitent on the face of the Troatyl itself, that the i;Tcat aim of Her ih'itannic Majesty's (lovernment was to meet the vinvsl of the United States' Cioveriuncnt in rei,'ard to the l!)th parallel of north latitude witlil ((.V little saerijire an posKihle of the ri(jhts heretofore eiijoijed In/ the Hudson's lUuj CompawA and other British subjects in thi' waters south of that piiriillil. Now it is a remarkabh' feature of the Treaty that no nnwr is i/irrn to the Chamfll to the middle of which the l!)th ])!n-allel of north latitude was to be continued altirl leavini,' tlie Continent, and lhron!,di the middle of which it was to be drawn sonthcilv after beini^ deih'cted from that parallel. The channel is described as "the Chauiul separatinij; the Continent from Vancouver's Island," and the line is sim])ly directed t" he dmwn " southerly throut^h the middle of the said Chann(>l and of i:'uea's Straits.'l The presumption arisiiii,' from litis description of i1 is that the Channel intended b\j ik\ Treaty was the onlp Channel then used by sea-ijoimj vessels, and that it had no distinyui.stiml name, hut that upon the fac(> of the charts then in use, it would readiiy answer tliel description ^iven of it in the Treaty, and would admit of the l)oundary line heiiii;! deflected and continued throuu:li the middle of it and of I'uca's Straits to the raciticl Ocean. Chart No. 3. It 'will he seen by His Imjit-rial Majesty, on an examination of Vancouver's ClinilJ which was the most accurate chart known to Her Britannic; ilajesty's (lOvernment at the time M'hen tlic Treaty was made, and which was the Chart under the consideratioLl of Her Britannic ^Fajesty's Govenim(>nt when they framed the 1st Article of tlifl Treaty, that the name of the Gulf of Cieoriria is assiii;ned in that Chart to the whole o/l the interior sea, which separates the Continent I'rom th(> ii'roup of islands, the chief oil which is called Quadra and N'ancouver's Island, such beiiiti; the name of the largesil island at the time wIumi the chart was constructed, and that no distinguishing name^ assigned either to the channel up which Vancouv(>r sailed to the mn-thward, or to tliel portion of the Gulf in the 19th jiarallel of north latitude. Her ^Majesty's (loveriinionil accordini^ly contends — (1) that the boimdarjdine, which is directed by the Treaty to liel continued westward alouLj the 19th jiarallel of north latitude to the middle of a cliannolf without any distingnishini'' name, and thence southerly throuifh the middle of the saiiil channel and of Fuca's Straits, is intended by the words of the Treaty to be drawn! through the middle of a channel which liad, at that time, no distinguishing name; anif (2) that, as the channel now called the; Kosario Strait is found in the charts of tiwl period (1846) without any distinguishing name assigned to it, and in other respcctsl corresponding Avith the requirements of the Treaty, such channel ought to be prefcrrei to the Canal de llaro, Avliich bore a distingiushing name at that period. Her Britannic Majesty's Government contends, on this part of the case, tliatt draw the line through the middle of the Avaters distinguished in ^'^ancouver's Cbai| from the Channel, through Avhich he sailed, by the name of the "Canal do Arro,"aiil which waters are repn^sented in that ('hai-t as unsurveyed, would be to continue thJ line not through " the said ClianiKd" — that is, a Channel Avithoiit any distingnisliina name — hut through a channel Avhich, at the time the Treaty Avas made, Avas distill guished byname from the channel surveyed liy \aneouver. No reason can avcIH assigned, if such a channel Avas contemplated by both iiarties, Avhy it should nothavi been designated by its distinguishing name to prevent all uncertainty. 18 it has Ix'on sn •nt aim of llie as the lint' of (/ j-'oiii for (i/ij (Is", and islands I (loalt with iin of the United I • of th(' Tronty mcft tlu! views h lilt itudo with 's lUiy Compam I /o the Clwuml (•oi\tin\ii'(l alter I lnn\n southerly ; " tilt" Channel 1 inply (lii'CTtcdtiil riu'a's Straits." ' iiitrnded by thtl no (li.st'nKjuishim adily answer tliol idarv lino hoiMl s to the raeilici iiicouYcr's Clunll ^ (i()V(>rnnunit :itl llu' (Hmsidcratioiil [ Article of tliel rt to the whole oil lids, the chief ol of the largest tKjuishimj mme'm nvard, or to tlie ty"s (JovernmcBil the Treaty to kl die of a channell liddle of the saiil •aty to he ih9.n\ shiui;; name ; and the charts of tM m other resi)ect it to he preforrc' the case, that Tancouver's Clia' ina\ dc Arro," aw to continue thi nv disthisuislim uiade, was distin] oa-son can well it should not hafl But it may he said, that there is evidence that the Canal de llaro was contemplated jv the L'nitcd States' Government, and that they had charts in their possession, which fctislicd them that it was a iiavisjjahle and safe ehannel, equally as the eliannel along iiicli N'ancouver sailed. Tlie re|)ly to such an ari,'ument is not far to seek. If it can ' cstahlished that one of the ])arties to the Treaty had knowledge only of cmo iiiviu'alile Channel corres|)oiuling to the provisions of the Treaty, the fact that th»! Ltlier party was aware of another navi^'ahle Channel c.nild never justify such an itei'pretatiou heiiig given to the Treaty, as should hind the former to accept the Treaty n ;i sense of w hieh it did not know it to he capahle, Avhen the Treaty may he inter- rited in a sense in which hoth ])arties were aware that it was capahle of heing itei'im'ted. The reason of the thinij is against such an interpretation, as has heen osed to hi' given to the Treaty on the part of the United States' Government. Tiiere is a further reason, why the Canal do llaro does not satisfy the language tiie Treaty. The couinieneement of the houudary line, which is to be dmwn southerly, is N'lihed in the Treaty as lu'ing in a Channel under the 49th parallel of north titude; hut a glance at the chart will satisfy His Imperial ^Majesty that the Canal llaro cannot, in any proper sense of the words, he held to commence under that H-.iUel. it has a distinct commencement hetween Satunui Island and I'atos Island, lldei' a lower parallel. It has, therefore, not onUj a (listinguis/iing name, hut it has its sicdl chiirarleristics which distintjuish it from the channel described in the l^'caty of [ill as identical with the channel under the ti)th parallel of north latitude. The Fifth Rule of Interpretation. The fifth rule of interpretation, to which llcr Britannic Majesty's Government invited the attention of His Imperial Majesty is, that Treaties are to be interpreted favourable rather than in an odious sense. "We are not to ]n'esume," says ^'attel (sec. 30), "without any strong reasons that of the Contracting Parties intended to favour the other to his own prejudice, but e is no danger in extending w hat is iov the common advantage. If, therefore, appcns that tlie Contracting i'aiiies have not made kntiwn their will with sufficient niess and with all th(> necessary precision, it is certainly more conformable to tyto seek for that will in Mie sense most favourable to equality and the common 'antage." Now, it may he stated by Her !Maj(>sty's Government without fear of contradiction, , at the time when the; Treaty of 18 KJ was signed at Washington, no charts were in l)y those, who navigated the interiin- sea between the Continent and Vancouver's 11(1, Imt ^'aneouvel•'s Chart, and ])()ssil)ly a Spanish Chart purjiorting to bo tiucted in 1795 upon the surveys made by the "Sutil" and " Mcxicana." Of the IT chart, indeed. Her liritannic ilajesty's Government had no certain knowledge .HtC, for the only Spanish chart of those waters, mIucIi is to be found in the archives lie J3ritisli Admiralty at "Whitehall, did not come into its possession until 1819. either, however, of those Charts are there any soundings of a navigable passage iis;li the Canal de Haro. It is true, indeed, that in the Spanish Chart some (lings are given of Cordova Channel, in which the boats of the " Sutil " and exicaua" ajjpear to have crept (dose along the shore ; but there are no soiuidings lido a vessel out of the Canal de Haro into any jiart of the iip])er waters, which iOiith of 49° parallel of north latitude. An interpretation, theretbre, of the Treaty, h would declare the Canal de llaro to be the eliannel, down which the boundary is to be earned, would be to declare that Her Britannic Majesty's Goveriuneut it concluded the Treaty of ISIG intended to favour the United States' Government own prejudice, ior it would be t.) declare that Her Britannic Majesty's Government ided tn abandon the use of the only channel leading to its own possessions, which ewto h(> navigable and safe, and to contine itself to the use of a channcd respc^iing 1 it had no assurance that it was even navigable in its upper waters for sea-going K nay, res])ecting Avhich it is not too much to say, that Her Britannic Majesty's nniient had a linn belief that it iras a dangerous strait. On the other hand, an relation Avhieli would declare Vancouver's Channel, now distinguished by the the Jvosario Strait, to be the eDinmou boundary, will give to both Parties the l' a Clianuel, Avhieli was known to both Parties at the time when the Treaty was to he a navigable and safe ehannel. The two Parties in respect of such an 'leliitiou would be idaccd in a position of eciuality. 10,1] D The Fifth Rule of Interpretation. A favourable inter- pretation to be prt- ferrcd to an odious interpretation. The Charts in use in 184C. Chart No. 2. Tho Sixth Rule of Interpretation. The preiumption in in favour of tho poiieiior of u thing. Chart No. 2. 14 The tiulU Hulv of Interpretation. Tho sixlli Kult' oi" Intcrpn'tiitioii, which is a (Mii'oihirv l<> tiic next itrtTi'din;; luiui siml which is also submitted to tin- at.ciitiini of His fjin)crial ^lajcsty, is that, in r«*(. J (loiil)t, till' iircsioiipllou is !'• ftivoiir of llir pos.sfs.'ior of a Ihinij ; in other words, tiic pniiJ who (MKh-avom-H to avoid a h)ss has a hcttcr cause to siipiiorl, tiiaii he who aiiii^ ubtaiitiii^ an advuntai;e, [t has heen ah'eady said that the Channel in use in IHIO, and the only L'luiiiinl in use hy Uritish vessels naviu;atini,' from the Straits of Fnca to the stations ol' thj Hudson's Hay Company on I'ra/.cr's liiver and elsewhere north of the li)th parallel north latitiuh', was the channel surveyed hy \ iuie.iuver, and of which sounding's; jLfiven in his Chart. The (iovernmeiit of the United States contends I'nr an intcr|)retation ol'theTn;! irhicli irill (ll.spos.icss British fpssels of lite iisi- of ////< rliiiniiel. 'i'here is no c\ ideiicc the other hand that the Cunal (h- llaro was used hv ve^sels of the I'nited States pnj to the Treaty of IS lU. Jler Jh-itannie Majesty's (ioverinneut, on the ntlier hand, is not ((intendiiii; an interpretation of the Treaty, which will (h'prive the citi.'.eiis of the I'niled Stntf any riu;ht hahitually exercised hy them ()ri(ir to the Treaty. If, indeed, the Ijiuij States' (iovernmeni had knowledi^c from impul)lislic(l surveys ur otlierwise. jii'ldr; the Treaty of 181(1, that the. Canal de llarii was a ii;i\ i^ahle and safe c'li'iiiicl, cannot he denied that citizens of the United Slates, if lliey u>-ed any ehaniicl jit prior to IHIO, made use of the cliannel now called the liosario Si rail. J I is sidjiiiii; accordiiiijly to Jlis Imperial ^Majesty, that an inlcriirctation df llie Treaty, uliiij declares tlu" Jtosario Strait to he tlie (diannel, lhroui,di the middle of wliicli tj boundary line is to he drawn, will continue to .\m('rican citizens the lull eiijovni': of such rii;'hts of iiaviiiation as were exercised liy them jn-ior to the Treaty, wliiKij dccdaration in favour of the claim of the I'nited Suites will strip Hrilish sniijcci correspondin;^ rii^hts. Whcrvrer there ix doubtful riijhl , It is Ic s re/.tujiiunl /o fiyui/jj withhold from a rluiiiiuiil the niini/nient of a thiiuj. irhirh he has ii'vrr posses/ted, III to strip the pogsesKOr of a thinij, of whirh he hax habitualli/ had the enjoyment. The (piestion wliether any third channel, other than iiic liosario Strait Canal de llaro, would satisfy the requirements of the Treaty (d' ISMi lias not l>.^ touched upon hy Her Britannic .Majesty's (Jovernment for these rci others, that the existence ol" anv intermediate navi^ahle (diann(d was ui isons— aiiKiuj iknowi \\\ to IxJ the Contnietinj;' Parties at the time wluii the Treaty of IS Mi was sii^ned, iiiid (Jovernment of the United States has never contended for any such channel. Jii'sii ller Britannic Majesty's Ciovermnent presunn-s that the true interpretation ol' Treaty of I8l(i is to he .sought rebus sic stai'libus, that is, upon the stale of facts kiiuij to both parties at the time when the Treaty of 181(j was concluded. On the ahoA'c considerations of I'aot and of public law, Her Jhitannic -Majc^i. Government submits to His Iniiicrial ]\lajcsty that (he claim of Her Hn'tiiiil Majesty's Government that the porticm of the lioundary iine wliich, under tlii M. of the Treaty of I'Ah .lune, islC, mns soulherly throuj;li the middle of the Cliait ■which separates the Continenl Irom A'ancouver Island, .should he run tliroiii;!, Eusario Strait, is vidid, and oiisjht to he ])referred to the claim of the GovL-rmiij of the United States, that it should be run through the Canal de Haro. I ofTcr t( lor ^Iiicli is Recapitulation of Facts. Appendix No. 2. Recapitulation of Facts. The considerations of fact may h(! hrietly recapitulated : — 1. That the Channel, uow desi^^nated as the liosario Strait in British el which desin;natiou embraci'd the Chamud to .the north a.s Avell as the soidli oil ■tOth parallel of north latitude in S])aiush charts, was the only Channel hetwooD] Continent and Vancouver Island generally known and commonly used hy ,sca-L"| vessels at the time when the Tn^aty of 15th .lune, I8t(i, was made, and that tlicivj "The Channcd," in the signification which rommnu unaije ;itrixed to them at that t^ denoted those waters. 2. That tho context of the tir.st and seeniid ])ara!iTaplis of Arlicle I of lln' of 15th .Tune, IHKi, requires that the boundary line should be continued tluoiiL'l! middle of a Channel .so «.v to enter the head-u-aters of Fuea's Straits, Avhich is ])ra(li(5| if the line shouhl be run throui,'li tho liosario Strait, but is impracticable, if its!' be run through the Canal do Uaro. ir. 3, TImt tlio proviso in the third pamtcrapli ol" Arlicli I, wliicli sr-cuiTs to ritlior Ipartv till- I'roc iiavii,'iiti()ii nl' the whole of Hiini's Slrtiils, is iiilcllii;ililt', as a necessary [im'i'niition, il' tlio Itoiindary line is to be run tliroiiu'li the llosario Strait, hut in hmiM'ci'ssary and uurcasoualih', if th<> Imundary line is to he run throu-^li the Canal dc Ilnrn. |., That a hounchiry line run thriiuu;h liio niiddh* of tho riiauncl, now callod tlio Rnsnri" Strait, satisfies the ureal aim, wliicli citiicr party liad in view prior to the Hist ill Vf.inlbi'tl Ihiin (!■•< it ion of lilt' TiwJ is no I'vidfiiw (J uiti'd States [mi Jusion oi" the Treaty ol" tlie lotli .lime, IHKi; and as that Channel had no 'uisliiiiu' name at tlie time when the Treaty was made, // roiild not ho othrnrise ihnl 111 the Tieaiii. On (lie oilier hand the Canal de II aro [ad il (listinifuishini; name, and there was no reason, il" the Canal de llaro was intoinplated hy Imtli the llii,'li (.'ontractint,' I'arties at the time when the Treaty was nade, why it slmuid not have lieen deserihed hy its distinL:;iiishini,' name to prevent all bnccrtninty. Tiiat a line of houndary run liiroii'^h the middle ol" tlie iJosario Strait, in jfcnnlanee with tlie knowled^'c, which both tlie llii;'h Contraetini;- I'arties possessed at Hie time when ilie Treaty of loth .liine, I^^IO, was made, would have been lavoiirahle ilvitli I'artic'-. whereas a line of houndary run throuu,!) the Canal de llaro imiild huvp rd llrr nrlli'imir Mdjpylii of n rii/ht of iirrrss tn her mm possrssloiis throuu^li the ilv llien known iiaviuahle and sate channel. That it is more in accordance with e(|iiity that His lm])erial ^faje .ty should ironiiimei' in lavour of the claim ol' IFer Mritaiinic Majesty's ([overnmeiit, than in hvdiir of the claim of the ( iovcnimciit of the L'nited States, as a decision of Tfis hiipi'i'iiil Majesty deelariim' the liosario Strait to he the Channel tllroll^•h which the ouiidiiry line is to lie run. will coiitiiiiie to citizens of the l'nited States th I'ree us(> ' tlic only Channel navii;'atcd hy their vessels prior to the Treaty of l.'tth .);mio, 18M5 ; liilst a declaration of His lmp(>rial .Majesty in favour of the claim of the (Joverumeut ftlic l'nited States //•/// ilcjhivi' Billish siihjrrls of rii/hts of nfiv'iijntinn, of irlilch theij have vd llie hiihiliKil nijojivicnt from the time when the liosario Strait was lirst explored ndM ii'veved hv >'ancoiiver. l?ritaiiiiic yhp 1 of llcr Hi'itiikl Tlic evidi'uce, which ller Jiritannic Majesty's Government has thou£»lit it proper loffcrto the consideralioii of His Imperial ^lajesty in support of the present case, for the conveni' lice of His huperial .Majesty, l)(;en collected in an Appendix, Hiicli is aimexed tiierelo. D 2 APPENDIX. 19 APPENDIX. No. I. Adicks XXXIV to XLII vj lln 'i\;iiiii luiitrm. Ureal flrildin. und /In; United Siaks of America, aigwd lit W'tisliiinitoii, on t/ir Sth Met//, 1871. AUTICLK XXXI V. WHEREAS it waa stiimlatcd liy Aiiicki ] of tliu Troiity coiicliuled at Washington on the loth of June. l.S-W, liL'twuen Her Uritaiuiic Majesty and tho Unitcil Slates, tlial tiio line; ol' boundary between tlif IfiTJIiirics (if tlie United States and tliosc oi' Hci' I'.rilannic, Majesly, from tiie jioint on the 4'.i|li inuiiilel of Mirth latitude ii|i to wliieli it has ah-eady lieen aseertained, siiould be continued vest- M;inl aloiio th>' said ]iarallel (if ncn'th latitude " !o the middle of tlie elianuel which se|iarat(^s the (diiliucul from Vancouver's Island, and thence siaitherly, tlimuuh the middle (if the said channel and [fit I'nia Straits, to the I'aeitie Deean ;" and wliereas the Comniissioners aii]iointed iiy the two Hich ( iitrailiiiti Parties to(letcrnniie that ]iortiiin (if the boundary whicii runs siaitherly tin'oni;!! the nii(hllc i(il the I hannel aforesaid weri^ unalile to agree niion the same; and wherea.s liie (iovernment of Her '.iil;iiiiiic Majesty claims that such boiuidary line should, under the tei'nis of the Treaty above recited, ■ nai through the Kosarid Stniits ; and the' (Iovernment of the Tniled States claims ijiat it .should lie nil tlinnigh the Canal de Haro, it is agreed that the re.siiective claims of the < ioverinucnt of Tier itiinuic Majesty and of the (iovernment of the I'nited States, shall be sidmiitted to th(! arbitration ii.l award of His Majesty the Eni])eriir of (lerniany, who, having regard for the aliove-mentioned nidi! of the .said Treaty, shall decide thereuiion, hnally and withotit ai>iiea], which of tlio.se claims i.s ii">t in accordance ^^■ith (he true inlerpivtation of the treaty of June lo, 18411. AKTICLE XXXV. Tlie award of His Majesty the Kinjieror of Germany shall be considered as aksolutelv final and «'iirlusive; and full effect shall be given. to such award without any objection, eva.sion, or delay what- hicvcr. S\u'h decision shall be given in writing and dated ; it shall bo ill whatsoever form Hi.s Majesty hiiy cliiKwe to ado])t ; it shall be delivered to the I'e]iresentatives or other public Agents of ('ireat Biiiiiiii luid of the rnited States resjiei^tively, who may be actually at Berlin, and shall he eonsidered Itiipcnilive from the liay uf the date of the delivery thereof. AI.'TICLE XXXVI. Hie written or iirinted case of each of the two parties, accompanied by the evidence offered in hplnirt of the .same, shall be laid liefore His Jlajesty the Emperor of Cerniaiiv within six months from hv iliite of the exchange of the ratilications of this Treaty, and a cupv of such ease and evidence lie coniiuuiiicated by each I'arty lu the other, tliroicdi their resiiective Ke|ire.sentntivus at k'liai. ■flic High Contracting Parties may include in the evidence to be considered bv the Arbitrator, 'liiliicaiuents, ollii'ial ciinvspiaidence, and other (itlicial or ]mblic statements bearing on the .subject reference as tiiey may consider necessary lo the .suiiiiort of their respectixc ca.ses. Alter the written or printed ease .shall have been eomniuniealed bv each Partv to llie other, each hiiv ,«li;dl have, the iiower of drawing mi and laying before the .Vrbitrator a .siroiid and detiiiitive biliMicm, if it think tit to do so, in reply to the case of the other J'artv so coininunicaled, which llmiiivc .statement shall be so laid behnv the Arbitrator, and al.so be mutu'ally coniiinmicaleil in the pir iiiaiiuer as aforesaid, by each jiarty to the other, within six mmitlis frum the date or' laviiiL,' the fi-l -liteiuciit of the case before the Arbitrator. Api)i'ii(li.\, No. I. AliTlCI.F, .W'XVII. ', intheca.se .submitted lo the Arbitrator, either Party shall spccifv or allude to anv repdii oi [tiiiiH'nl ill its own exclusive jiossession without aiine\ing a eopv, such i'anv shall be bmiud, if the M- Party thinks jiroper to apply for it, to furnish that 'party with a co]iy thereof, and either Partv f.v call u)iiiu the other, through the Arbitrator, to produce 'the (in'uinal.s or ccrtilied cnpies (if auv Rw (iddaeed as evidence, giving in each instance such reasonabl'e notice us the Arliilrali.r ma'v I'liiv. And if the Ailiitraliir should desire further elucidation or evidence with regard lo aii\ jiMiiu ■liMiH'il ill the statements laid behire him. he shall be at liberty to reipiire it from either Par'l\, mid *ill he at liberty to hear one counsel or iigeiil fn- uach Parlv, in relation tn any matb^r. and at such 'i'. iiiiil ill such manner a.s he niav think lit. Appendix. No ;i. I : 20 ARTICLE XXXVIII. TliP IJejii'i'scntntivcs nr otlior jnililic Afjuiits of (ireiit Britain and of the United States at nerlin i n'.i])i'i'tivi'ly, shall In' ('(iiisidcriMl as thi' AitiMits nt' their r('s]u'(;tivo (iciv('niim'nt.s to condurt their (imm het'orc the Arliitrator, wlm shall lu> re(|iipstud to address all his eoiiiiiiunications, and f;ivo all liis M(]tii_ti I to sueh liejiresentatives or other i]nlilie Aj,'ents, who shall represent their respective Govermueuu {generally in all matters toinieeted with the arbitration. Aim ..E XXXIX. It shall he i'oni]ietenl to the Arhitrator lo jn'oceed in the said arhitration, and all matters rt'liitiii.- the'' ■, as and when he shall see lit, either in jierson, or hv a jierson or jiersons named liy him t'orlli:; ]air|)nse, either in the ]ireseiiee or ahsenee of either (M' holli AL,'ents, either orally or hy writtit disenssion, or otherwise. AltTU'l.K XL. Tla^ Ariiiiratiir may. if ho ihinh til, aii]itiint a Seeretary or Clerk, for the pin']ioses of the proiiosui nrliitrntion, at sncii rale of remiineriitinn ;is lie shall think ])ro|ier. This, mal all other expenses ui' im; eoinieeted with the said arhitration, shall he provided for a.s hereinafter stiiailated. AHTICLE XLL The. Arhitratca' shall he reipiested to deliver, toLjether with his award, an account of all the cii.i. and exjienses which he may have heen ])Ut to in relation to this matter, which shall forthwith he ri'|i;i:: liy the two (lovennnents in eipial moieties. AKTICLK XI, 1 1. Tiie Arliitrator shall lie reiiucsled to t,'ive hi.s award in writing as early as convenient alter tl whole ea.se an each side .shall have been laid before liiui, and to deliver one copy tliereof to each of i!h said A','ents. No. II. Cup;/ ('/ Tiiiil// bitirnit llnal Brituiii and tlir I'liilcil S/ii/iv nf Aliicrial, ■sii/iud. at Wdn/iiiiytuii, on th' 15^/( ,//(««■, 184(1. [Hiilijiidlion-'i v.irliaiKjcd (tt JaxiiIi'II, Ji'lii 17, IH-tli.] llKl! llajesty liie t.Uu'en of the I'nlied Kinplom of (Ireat Ih-itain and Ireland and the Unit' Slates of America, deemiiii; it to lie desiralile Ibr the. fntnre welfare of both conntries that the stiitc (hailil and niieertainty which has hitherto jaevailed resjiecliiiL; liie Suvereiirnty and (iovernnienl nt I; Territory on the \orth-wesl t'oast of America, lyin.i; westward of the lioeky or Stony Mouianii,' shonld lie linally terminated liy an amicable eoiiiproniise of the rij,'hts mutually a.s.serted by tin.' l» Tarties over the s;iid Territury, have respectively named l'leni]iotentiaries to treat and agree concunii::. the terms of such settlement , that is to say : — Her Majc^ly the (,bu'en of tlie I'nited Kin^'dom ol'dicat liritain and Ireland ha.s, on Her j r ap|ioiiited tile lliuhl lloiioinable llichai'd I'akenhani, a .Member ot Her Majesty's Most Hoiiiiiirii!/ I'ii\y t'liuneil. and Her Majesty's Knvoy Kxtraoiilinary and Minister l'leni|Mitenliary to the liii!" Slates; and tlie President of the Tnited Slates of America has. on his ]iarl, funuslied with \i jiowers, .lames linehanan. Secretary of State of the I'liiled States ; who, after havinj; comniunicatcil: each other their res)ieetive fall jiowers, found in j,'ood and due Ibrm, have ai^reeil upon and coiiclui!( the followiuji Articles :— AltTlCLK I. From the ])oinl on the Ibrty-innth parallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid dimii ; existiui; 'freaties and Conventions between (!reat Britain and the I'nited States terminates, the liiir lionialary between the territories of Her Rritamiic Majesty i>nd those of the, Cnited States sliali ' continued westward aloni: tiie said forty-ninth jiarallel of north latitude, to the nndclle of the cii.imiJ which separatesthe eoiitiuent from Vancouver's Island ; :\ial thence southerly, throuj,'h the middle d i!| said ciiannel, and of fiica's Straits, to the I'aeitic Ocean: ]irovideil, however, tiiat the navii;atioii nl i whole of the said channel and straits, south of the forty-ninth jiarallel of north latitude, reuiniii I: and open Lo both I'arlies. ARTICLE II. Krom the jioint at which the forty-ninth ],aallel of north latitude shall be found to inteix'di <,'reat northern liranch of the (.'oliuuhia Itiver, the navigation of the said branch shall be free ami !]■ to the Hudson's I'ay Company, and lo all Uritish .subjects trading with the same, to the point wlieiviJ said branch meets the main stream of the Colundiia, and thence down the .said main .stream l" ^ ocean, with free access into atid through the said river or rivers ; it being understood that all the w\ ji irt 1^1'-; aloie,; ih" line thus described shall, in like manner, lie free and open. in navigating the said river or rivers, Hritish subjects, with their goods and produce, slui'.l ' •treated on the siime footing as citizens of the Ihiitcd Stales ; it being, however, always understuudilj nothing in this Ariiclo .shall be construed as prevciitiug, or iutended to picvuiil, the Oovermiicututiij States at Ik'vlin nthict tliciv iiws \ vo all liis iiiitiwi ivc Uovcruiucius 1 inattevs vi'latiii; I I by liiiu Inr ili.n I ly or l>y wiiite OS of the |iV(iiKisK L'V uxpeiises of im';[ lint of all the c'+l fovthwitli he n'lW'i ■Diiveiiiuiit uliev I urucjf to each of lit' 21 United States from makin;,' any rt'Kiilations respecting the navigation of the said river or livers, uot iiicoiisisteut with the present Treaty. AliTlCI.E III. Ill the future aii]ir(>]n'iation I'l 1 1 h' territory south of the fcirly-niiitli )iarallel nf iKHlli hitiluile, as iiiiiviilecl ill llie First Ailiele of this Treaty, the ]Hi.>;st'ssoiy rii^'hts (if tiic lluiisun's liny ('iniiiiaiiy.iiiKl of all liritisli siihjcets who may ' ■ already in the iieeii])atioii of land or utlier propurly hiwfuUy atcjuired within the said t^'iritory, shall lu^ respecteil. AUTICLK IV. . Tlie farms, lands, and other |irnpeity nf evfiy di.'siii])ti(iii, helmiuiiiL; to the l'uj,'cl's Sound A.'viiiiltiiral ('niii]iany, mi the ikh'IIi side i>\' ihr Culumliia IMvc)-, sliall lu; ((Hilii'mrd In llii' said |riiiii]iMiiv. Ill ease, iiiiwever, the silualinii cif tlicisc farms and lands slmidd lie ((iMsidcied hy llie I'liiled l.siiili's 111 lie iif |iillilic mid )iiilitie;d illlpnllilllcc, and the I'nili'd Shoes' (IdVcriimcril sliiiiild si;^liify II jia.-ire in nlilain piissessiiui nf llie wlioie, nr nf any jiart tlieienf, the )irciperly so iei|uiied shall hu Itwii-luiTed to the said (Invernnieiit al a pmper Viiluatimi, to lie a,L;'i'eed iipnn helweeii the parlies. AlM'IChK V. Tlie ]iresent Treaty shall he vatilied liy Uer Urilannie ^Majesty and liy llie I'lesideiit nl' tlip riiiled ISl.ili's liy and with the adviet^ and emisent of the .Senate tlierenl'; and the lalitiealiuh I lie lexcliiiuged at London at the e.xpiralion of six months IVoiii the dale hereof, or somier, if iiossilile. in witness whereof lliu respeelive I'leiiiiiolenliaries have signed the same, and have alli.xed theietu tlio suals of their aams. Uoiiu at Washington, the l-'illi da\- of .luiie, in the year of mir l.iu'd 1840. IMCIIAUI) I'.VKKNJI.UI. (L.S.J ■JAMES l;L"C^.V^^.\^;. (L.S.) Appendix, Wtisliiinjluii on ti" land ami the Vmi:. tries that the sink (lovernineiil el t:: Stony ^louiU;ii;.- isserted hy llaMv- Old agree eoncuiiii::: ml has, on Her v^r ■s Most HoiielH;!.; itiary to the Ini!- furnished with f- iiiig coniniuniealC'l; upon and eoiahi'it oundary laid down lenninates, the lint ■uited States shJ middle of the eh.iiirJ ugh the middle "t tJ . the navigation "I i~ h latitude, remain U; found to intevseii •' shall he free inul"!; ,lo the point when''; id main stveaia I'l '•' ■stood that all Ihew* and produce, shidl id ways underslnoilii the Uoveruintul ul i No. III. \'iii'ilii'c (if /III' J'K.i.inf/r iif Ifi-t llrlliiiinic }[(ijfKlii's s/iip.-^ '■ J)isriiriri/" uiiil " ('linllin in ,' Hiiihi' lln' ^'iiiii.iiniilil of Cii/i/iluiie the expedition iniillcd Possession Sound and aiirlioicd the same night aliout half ill' lioiii the western shore of .\diiiiralty Inlet. , '111 the lilh dune the vessels worked out of the inlet, and reached its entrance al a jioiiil to which pin Vancouver gave the iiaine of I'oint Parlridge ,aiid ]irocecdiiig northward, after advancing a few I'* .ill hi;,' the eastern shore of the (lull, llie ex]iedition wasohliged to anchor in L'll lalhoms water, 1;,' liii elfect from the elili or Hood tides, and the wind lieing liulit liom the iiorlhuard. In this sitnalion," Calitain \'aiicoii\er slated, ".New Duimeness hole hy eoiupass S. .'id \V. ; the I l"iint of I'rotcclinn Island, S. l.'iW.; t|ii> west point of .Vdniiralty Inlet, which, after my much f'lioUi'iend Captain ( iemge Wilson, ofihe navy. I ilisiiiiMiiished hy the name of Point Wilson, S. ,'i,") K., I''"l in latitude IS" 111', longitude 2.'i7°.'ir; I he nearest shore east, 2 lea.L;ue^ disnnil. a low sandy ^1 liiniiin'4 nl ils west end a low elill', above which some dwarf trees are |iriidiiccd from N. 20 W. [105] l: No. III. April '-"J, 1711-', page ^'JO. April oO, 1792. May 2, 1792, page 227. Mav 18. 1792, lia'ie 2.)8. May 19, 1792. May ;!0. 1792. page 279. May 31. 179-.; page 280. June 2. 1792. page 281!. .June ;■), 1792, l)age 290. June 0, 1792, page 291. Description by Captiiiu Va iicouvcr j of llie pnssiigu through tlie rliiiiiiii'l. linn e.nlled llosuiio Sliuit, to Appondi 22 • 5 I?ivcli Hay. i" His ' Miliostv's sllilis ; . tn X, 411 W., mill till' iivii)i(isi>il staiinn Inr tin' vc^s.'lr^ duriiii; llic cxainiiintidii (if tin' cnntinontnl slinrc ill . ■ Disc'Di ■ Clliitll; ami I 291. 1702. liaiic -",i:l Juno 8, 171)2. Juiip 11. 1702. page 2'.)(). Iiv lliii liiiat-i, wliii'li, IVmii .Mr. lircMii,'litciii, who liuil visitcil It, iilitaiiii'il the iiiiiiic of .'^triiwlicrrv Bii \. I 1 W.. at tlic (list ilii'c (if aliiiui V water. 11 ere we rciiiailicij until , in the eveiinii,' •allies, silnateil in a reuimi ajiiiareiitly niiieli ln'oken ami d A\u t lell Well,' heil. lint with .so litl IVIlJl'i e Wlllll ||l;|[ ncss, J: cxaiiiiii aci'iiiiiji after liavini; ilrifteil to ihe Miiilhwaril ol' our I'oiiner station we were olili;;eil a,u:ain lo anchor iiiilil i\ ih, next nioniiiiLC, when we made an atleiii|it to |iroeee(l, luit were soon aj^aiii eoiii|ii'lle([ to hi m, stationary near (air last situation." On the Till 'lune Capiain Vancouver ennliniU'S, " aluMil (i in ilie eveiiiiiLr, with a liu'ht liree/e fiim the S.W., we weighed anil st 1 to lli" iinilhwaiil ; luil after iiavini;- ad\ ance(l ahout eleven miles, Ih, wind liiraiiie li^lil and oliliy-ed ns to anchor almul '.• thai eveniii'i, in .'IT liKlioliis of water, liiivd Imttiiiii, ill smile jilaces roelvv ; in this siliialioii wi were detained li\ calms until ihi' iifteriiooii of the folli ( )nr oliserved la.litiido here was l.S iT'.l', loii'iiti iwiii: !'.!'; the eoiinlry occu|iyiiii,' the iioiilirKj liorizon in all directions, a|i|ieareil to he e\ce.-sively hrolceii and insular. Strawherry Hay e(ini|iass, X. low. ahoni :i leaj,'ncs distant ; the o|ieniii'j; on the contineiital sliore, tlu! first oliject t'ui the examinalioii of the detached party, with some small rocky islets liefore its entrance that a]i| IIMIV very narrow, lioi ■e at the dista nee o! iiiioii t live miles. .'^. .".7 K. ; I'oiiit i'artridtje, S. 2] E. ; the low .san.lv island, south ; the smnli pari ol' the we^leriiiiKisI, shore, which is eomposed of islands and rmkvj i^. 117 W.. alioiii two miles distant; llic nearesi shore was within ahiait a mill!; ii very diin,i,'er"!;i sunken rock, \isilile only at low tide, lies oil' IVom a \i'rv iinsale cluster ol' small r ckv point on this slna'c, lieariiii,' X. 7'.) AV. , some c(iiistanll\-, and others visilile oiilv near low water, 1» .\. I ."i \V. aliont two and ii half miles distant. I ins eountl'V M'esen led I verv dilfercnt asiiecl i'l iiiii thai which We had heeii accllstonicil i I A Xiirrii l.sti: Tin |.V!i i.f ./i '^U-.lil iif lieliold further .soiilli. 'I'lie shores now licfor.' ns were composed of .sleep, riiL;'ued rocks, who.si! siiilii varied excec(lin;:ly in respect to lieijji!. and exliioiled lillle more than the liarren rock, which in s"1l| )ilaces prodiiced a lillle lierliaL,'e of ii dull eoliiiir, with a U-w dwarf trees. •• W'ilh a loleralily ,L;ood lirceze froiii the north we weii,'lie(l ahont .'> in tht^ afternoon, and witii a ll 1 tide inriied lip into Strawherry Hay, where in ahoiil three liiairs we anchored in 111 fallioiiis, ti]; ■ ' ',' sandy hotiom. 'fhis hay is sitiialcd on the wcsi side of an islniid wliicli. proilncin^f an almndaiiii' ^i^ ' npri,L;lit eypi'ess. ohlained tlie nan II' of ( '\ press l,-,land. 'I'lie 1 ay is of vmall cxtciil. and not verv i|r>'f | ils sonili point hoi-i' hy coiii]iass .S. 4n !■!. : a small islet, lorniiiiL; nearly the iioi'lh jioiut of llir f,, round which is a clear Lidoil |iassa,L;e vest ; and llie liii'.ioin of llie li.iy east, at the distance of iil» ihree ipiarters of a mile. 'I'iiis situation, llioii'jh -, ei'y lommodioin in rcspcci to ihe shoi'e, is j,'i'c;!: X posed 111 the v.iiids ain , ill a S.S. directi In coiisci|iieiici' of the aiichiira;^!' lieiiiL; iiinch exjiosed, (.'ajitaiii X'aiiconvei resuhed to I'l'm' with his \fs>cls up the '.;iilf to the iiorlli-'..','.-! in i|ilest of a more coliiliiodioiis siluatioli. •■ With a lit.'hl hreeze from tlie S.!'!.. ahoiit 1 oVlnck th" next nioiiiiuL; " > I llli .liine'i. ('ii|,; \'aiiconver st:'!es. "we (|iiitteil this slalion. and ]iasseil Ih Iwccii llie small island and the north pniii IIk^ hay to l!;' nortii v.cstwin'd. through a cliisier of niimenais islands, rocks, and rocky islets. ": Mr. Ih'ou'.rhlon's lir.st visit hither lie found a ((iiaiililv of very excelleiil strawherries, which ^'avc it: name of Sirav.licri'v r>My ; hii't on our arrival, the iViiii -cason was pas.^ed. The hay alliu'ds unnil ;i M'ciire anchorage, llioiiL;h sometimes exjiosed; \i\ in fair wealher. w 1 and water iiiiiy he c,!-: ]a'ociired. The island of ('v]ii'ess i-. principally eomjiov'd of hi^h, rocky nioiintains, and stee]i prijr diciilar dill-', v.hicli in the centre of Strawherry r>a\, fall a little hack, and the space hetwccii ; foot of till' nioiailains and the sea side is occupied liy low, marshy laud, throiiiih which are >cvi: runs of niosi excelh.'nt water, that liiid their w.iy into llie hay hy ooziiiLi: through the heacli. 1: -iliiated in latitude 4!'i' .""liV, lonL;ilii(lc l.'."i7 '-''V. The \arialii'ii of ihe eoiii|iass, hy eighteen scN aziinntlis. dilfcriiiLr from l.^-i to lM' taken on Imard and mi sliore, since our departure from .Viliiiiral: Inlet c;a\i' ihe mean resiili of 111 '\' eastwardly. 'I'he risi' and fall of the. tide was ineoiisiili'i'ii''!-| thoiijih the stream was ra]iid. The ehh came from the cast, and it was lii'ili water L'h. .'57m. aft''i moon had passed the meridian, " We prm lied lil'sl, to the iioi 1 h-east u ai'd. jiassin^t,' the hraiich of the ;,qil|ili that had heeii I'.ii:' exaliiiiii'd. and then directed onr course li the north-west ward, iiIoiil; thai which apjicarcd a coiiliii of the cic.ilinciild shore, fori I l,y lo',',- sandy clills. risiiiL; Irom a heacli of .sand and stones. J'\ country moderately idevated. sti'itclu'd a cmisideralile distance from the iiorlh-wi'stward roiiuii t" smilh-east ward, liefore it aseeuded to join the raiin'c of riiLjoeil, snowy nioiintains, T'liis connected li.ir from the hase of .Mount liaker, .■■{ill c(aitinucd very lofty, and appeared to extend in a (lirectioii Icmi: to the we-tward of north. The soiindinu'-s almiu' the shore were re,i;iilar, from ll' to 2.") and .'111 l'alli"iij ius we ii)i|ii'oaclieil, or increased our distance from, the land, which seldom exceeded two iiiilc opposite of the '_;ul]ili to the south-weslward, ('(ini|ioseil of nnmerons isliuids, was at a distiiiiee ef two lea.ui'o. As ihc day advanced, the sonth-easl wind ijiiuhially died away, and for some limi I'emuiiied nearly stationary. " In till! evciiinir a lielit hreeze I'avoiirinu tlie plan I had in coiiicni|ilation, we steered fur ; lliiit ]iresente(l itself, where ahoiil li o'clock we iineliorcd in ii fathoms of water, sandy hottoiii, I mill' fi'oiii the si lore. The piiin ats of the hiiv iioli! hv eoinpas VI W. \. Tl W. ; tl le western!: I-.I w i\yy fiM'liia ki.la l;is Vihwm ] Itiinlc, y )i( •i iiiiilar lia iiiiiynr :iii(l lil> lillCO li liiiiiiclii'ccr I Vile la ci 4.lillii,|Ui I'i'liiiiiiio •■iili'lalitai 'lIlIM lie |-"|| l.\:iiiiiiiar In ■i-l;l,y siil.j lilicar l)liii:ili's l;i:vn iinr "I'^iiiiii ■°' S., Jiii:i/a lie llic/ :iil;i sc-ii fii-litii,' y ':iiii nil iililMt, V |lili-M;i ill ila.-la I; jii'i ii'sjial lliii l(',:,'iia. I .\ las III! Y 'lil'i.uiiii pxrliii |.\l,i.s ipi: pii'zCadi :i'lrli||.,.,,, Vilii'csa," ,-■ Si '-II I'lii'ilii, h'l Sal vail I'll part of that which we. considered to he the main land west, ahotil three leagues dist^inl; to the saiii: this point aiipeiicd the princi|i;il direclioii of the iruliih, tlionul It I. V llil: 1 a very eoiisidei'iihle iirm seciuel liianch fii'lii ii to ilie iiia'lli-e;istwai'il. .\s miici ,is the ship was scciiied, I went in a hoiit to ili.s|ii'c; shores ol' the hav, and found, willi little Iroiihle, ii M'ly cmiveiiieiit situation for our several '• iiece-sar\' diilies nii slimc ; ol' which the hiisines.s of llie (iliservatory was my chief ohjeet, as I i.ii wislicd lor a Inrlher trial of the r.ite of ehrmionictei's, now that it was jirohahle that we sluailil I'v al rest a si^ili.ieni I inie to make the re(piisite (ihservatifiiis I'or that iiui']ioi' Jl'lll'lto ,,| 'l>'.\aiiiii.- /illns hn t'lM lie la |Aiiii< iqile II Nil ivi 'mil I'lii'llte dr l>«il lie Itiiiurcs, (•(mtiiionttil slinrc StviiwliciTV Hiiy, liken mill liiviildl I lillln wiuil iImi uicliiiv iiiilil 'i till' jiclli'il U' bi'i'iiiiii' liu'lit ln'cc/.i' rmiii (.icvi'ii niili'^, tl:" lUtl'V, lllll'll lliiU"111, U 111' UlO rnllnwiu: ,viii;4 llii' iiiivllii'iii licny r>;i.v '""'i' '■ the' tivst ol.iirtln ;;llUT th'.U iilUKMl-l K. ; till' I'lW siiUilv islands anil wA\\ ; II VfVy lllUllJl'V'i':; iiin:,'N.'T'.» W.; ;ii;: |.;ll' lllW wali'i', l».l iri'M accnslnnicd !■ rocks, wlmsi'. suit';; • dck, wliii'.li in s"1l;I I'lcniiinn, anil Nvit;( :i| ill lli I'atiiiiiaslii ill" an alinnilanii il, anil nut very ili'"f ill iioiul III' till' ''"'I llir distance III ii''" ' . the sill ire, is ;ilr> ■ vcsiilveil In I'l'i"-: latiiili. (lltli .lniie).IVl''' and the nnrtli l"'!"' and viieky islets, e-.j vies, wliieh 'fiw it !:=J ; Imy alViinls ^iniil;i'. wilier may lie e.i-' ins, and slee]! I'l'il' lie, spaei^ lielweeii i: ii.jh whieli are .-ev, un-li the lieaeli. I- ss, I'V ei;j:llteell set- „ntiire rrmn Ailiiiin"- iile was ineiinsiilrKr.-| trr 211. :>7iii. iit't'i' U tlial liad lieeii ]■■'' ilijieari'd a eonlimi'-' ;aiid and stniies. T: westward vmnul t" ■.-| riiiseniineeledli.iii' il in a direetiiin j 1,1 2.". imd :'.n laih"" ^celled twii inilw; s at 11 distance el' n'' ;,nd liir siiini' li'H"'- 23 tic.no.Mv.AVliidlivintlio ' Disenvery's' aittpr, attended liyllie •CluUliani's' launeli, was to inoieed to tlai Miimiiiiiti'i'i 111' tliiil imvt nl' llie eoasi, iine\|iliiivd to the smitli-eMstward ; whilst nixscll' in llie yawl, iici'iiiiiininieil hv Mr. I'li-eL in the launch, dinrlcil mir researches up the main iulit nlthe -iillili." No. IV ,■1 Xinrriliir (if till- Vi'i/fii/'--! iiiiitir hi/ Ihi- /■^/iiiiii-'ili JV,s'.sr/,s " SidH" uiiil '• Ah.iiianu'' iii tin- pur 1702, In niiliiiY the SI rail iif Fnai. ( K'/racln/ J'lvni llif Accuniil nf thi rui/Ki/n juili/ixhctl nl Mmti'nl in lSti2.) TIIK two schiioners '• Siilil " anil " .Mexicana" i|uitteil Ximlka in the iiiudil I'elween the ilii and ,,'i,!i nt .liiiie, 17'.'2, and the liillnwiiiu- is an aeenunt ol' the ] in ii;ress i.T ilie e\]icditii.n ihrniiiih the |t liiicii il las .siete .se I'ne iiiU'dandii el \ icnto, y ;d iiiiiii-iiricr estalianiiis die/, y seis niillas alO. \\f K'.di- la cntrada de Xitinat, y einco niilltis de uii i-l"liili' i|iie tenialiiiis |ior nueslro ti'a\'es. lli'liiaiiius se;,'iin las eircunstaiicias diri,!;irniis |i iiiltlaiitar el reeiinociniienlo de la entrada iki luiiii lie KiU'ii ; ]ior estii ra/.nii no nns detiivinios ;i Miiiiiiiar los jinnti.s de hi ciista que tenianios li la risla, y solo coi'rinios lia.ses para colocar ali;unos, y uliliiiir 111 eavtu ipiu de ella halii^.n levaiitado Ins itiiiak's y piliitos del Deparliinieiitn di' San lllas, !iivii|iiir nieiior hallanios Inieiio. .S'ljuiiinis nave,y;ando en la noclie con todo \cla al .. ."° S., con vieiilo IVeseo pur el ( ).S.( )., en la con- iiiii/a lie ipie la elaridad de la noehe, ipie ainneuti'i Id ilic/: con la In/, de la liiiiii, nns proporcionali.i lii sc^uridad : ii las dos se i|Ueili') casi ealnia el 'iiiilii, y aliianecinios en estas eirciinstauiias iiaii iiiediii le^na al S.l",. de la jinnla I'.. i!c iliiiat, y 11 la \ isla de la hoca del estreehn I'l IWrida lie Juan de I-'uea. lla.^a las onee sinnii'i la ealnia ; les coirieiiles i< ivs|ialikiriin para dentrn del I'islii'cho coino \a li'u'iui .V las mice .se cnlalili'i el \iciito pur el S.O., y i-iliri^iiiios al V,.'^.V.. |i.ir atravesar la Imea del jtlVfllll Alas niiatri) de la larile iivislainos el I'm rlo ,ie fui'ii'Z (liuinu, y ]H)eo despnes una corlieta eii .--u I'liMilero, (pie eonjelnranios ser hi noinlirada 'liufesa," pertenecienle id Departnniento de Sau i'. ScLjuiinos la derrota li eoslear la |iiirte(), ! I'liiMtu, y I'l piico ll(\i;ii el Tenienle de Xa\ I'o HI Salvador l''idiil,i,'o, (,'onianilante de dicha eor- !t:i, y iius conlirnii'i en la idea de ([Ue In eosta (). 'iii'itn era sncia, eoiiio lo indiealiii el sarjj;a/;o ; ■xaiiins perdiendo liarluvento, y li eosta de fuiins hiinlos consei^iiiinos anelar li las seis y lia ill' la tiirdu iiiiiy ]irri.\inios li la" I'rineesa.'' JAtiimu'! el All'eiv/. de X'avi'o I ). Manuel tjluiinper lliia U'i'iiiiocido liastii el I'lierlo de (jUiadra. y el liiii'me lie Xiivi'ii Don Francisco Kliza hasta el Pal lie nuu.stra .Senorii del lio.siirio en lo.s unos Uiiuivs, no liabian exaniinudo Ia.s lioeu.s de The v. ind aliated as soon .c. we lel'L the channel i\liich iiirnis the inlet ol' Monika, and it eontimied ■aim unti' II in the ninrnin;,', when the ,-cii rerze scl in IVi'lii liieize scl in IVi'iii W'.S.W. It freshened in the al'lcinoon and v.e precccded with all sail, making as niueli as 7 miles liy llu, lo^-, which is the ;_;reatest way that we ohserved ill the schooners. I'riini "i to 7 the wind coiilinned, end at niuhlt'all \M' were 111 miles \\. ii'^X. rrniii llie inlet ol' X ilni.il. an< •.II lihih had alircasi m' us. W e well ceoiiini/ t 1 ci;cu!ii Lnice-', to cmiiliiv oiuselvc; III edwilicni';- ill- 111 a ; Tor lli;.~- lea luan I! I' cNaniine the ]iiiiiils ol' ila oi' ihe inlel 111' lid lint .slop In lasi wlucn \M had si^lii, and only ran lia-cs In jihue sniiie (nl' llienn, and tn reclilV the chart of il taken liv the oMicers lilnts of the Dep ariniei Il nf San r.lii the delail III' which we fniind 'j^inA. V,'e ciiuliniied onr course in the ni'.;lil with all sail to i:. :i° S., with a I'll vind I'l W.S.W. irusiini,' thai the clearness of the niulit, which was increased ill In o'clock liy the li^iht of the moon, would iilford us every security ; at 2 o'clock the \,iiid was alniosl calm, and thus day liroke upon alioiit half a league S.K. ol' the east poiiii of siijlit of the nionlli of the strait or Xilinat, anil HI inlet of .lliail de l''ilca. The calm coiilinucd until 1 I o'clnck : the currents carried us aliout a league williin the Strait .\l 11 the wind set ill from S.W'., and we pii ■del tn cross the llinlltll of tile Sliail. .\t 4 in the afternoon we sighted the |inrl of N'une/ (lanim, uml .soon after a corvette in its alichnram', which we sii|i|iosed In he that called " I'riiiccss. " lielniiinin.i;' In ihe Department nf S.in I'llas. We shaped our course, to coast aloii:.;' I ho vesi |iarl of the jiort, and in a siiort time i.ieii- leiiani. Don Salvadc ah'o, ( oniuiaiiilei I if Ihi said eorvelte, eaiiie mi lioard, and he conlirmed us ill our opinion that the west coast of the ]iorl was foul, as liic kel]i indicated; ue di'opped away froL'l it, losiiv^- the fa\ourahle wind and. alter some taeks, It,' al hiilf-]iasi i; I'.M., very succeeileil in iiui ■lioriii close to the " Princess.' .MthoiiLihSuli-Lientenant Don Manuel (.hiiniiier had surveyed as far -ils the ]iort of (.liiailra, and l.ieiitenant I )onl''iaiicisco Kliza as far as the ( 'hannel of < )ur Lady of the Itosary, in the preeedine; years, 11 ;iey liiul not exa mined the nioiulis of Caainano !•: 2 Appcmlix. No. IV Appendix. 34 i 1^ * C.uiniano, do Finn, Sono ilo Onsloii, C'niial do Fliiriduliliiiica, Ihicms del (.'iirmcln y iMii iiil(|uiridii dc Ins Indios, III c|i' ('iiiiiiniUM iiitcniidia iiiiu'lin, jn'ici sn I'liiido nil |punnitia ))asi) sino a las caiiun.s; la ilc Fldii era i\f iiiiiv ]iiirii iMiii-icqiiciM'ia. .lii/csilian, (•(111 iii;.'Uii.i diida. it'iTadci el Scnn clc (liistnii, y jivniwiiiian cipnin el iviMPiiiiciniicnIii mas intcicsaiilc el (If la lidca lii' FloridalilalK a, cjili' scLtiiii sc I'lc^cntalia en la caita ([Uc lialiian tia/adn dc cstns canali'N. nlriM-ia dds «'iitradas rnniiadas \\i. A las ddc-e y media liimns la vela, y diviiiiiims li ]iasal' ]idr cl ]icipicfid canal ipie hay al F. Ar la isleiiicle la lidi'a : hiipic cdiiscuuiiiids ccin I'clicidad. F.sic canal cs iniiy estrcchd pur las rcsliiiLtas ipic saleii dc la^ |niiitas ipu^ hi i'di'iiian, y usi sdhi delie so;;uivse (piaiidd Id exija la neeesidad, c'l so vea en elld una vciilaja dccidida. A iidsiitids ikis ]iarecii'i (pie adclantiiliaiiids la iiavcuaeidii, pne.s jieiisiiliaiiiiis si^'iiiir la cdstii snr del Fstrcclio, por c.stai' llena do excclontes t'diidcudeicis LiiOfro ipie salimos del canal cnnneiinos (pin hi (lermta (pie deliia harcrsi! ))ai'ii iiileniar en el era accreai'seii la ciislaN.,i'cs]iccld di^ ipio enlai[iic iiileii- taljaiu(wse;_'iiirrcyiiiiljii una ]>ert'eclacalma. (^liiandd vinios el iilcajxe epic lUdvia el vieiitu t'lie ]irccisd ecliar (-1 lidlc al auua y iiniiar his iciiids paia salir ii enedntiaile Liic;,'!.) line saliiiids al vieiitn fiiinids divi,i,'icn- ddiins li la cdstii del N., iiaveu'andfi id X.N.K. y aiTiliandd pavii cl F. id juisn ipie ims ilniiuds acer- candd li clla : li las (nice de la iidcIk! iios |aisiiiids li c-dstcaila li distiincia dc una Icifiia escasa, y scf£niinds I'dii el vicntu al O.X.O., tVcscn cdii mi tiein]id elai'd y licniidSd. Aniaiiecinids cerca dc la I'uiita (h- Minoiid de la Vejxa, y nrzanids a pasar jior lailre clla y his ishites (pie tieiie en sii eercania : dcrrnta ipie indicalia Tetaeiis, y ipie rccdmciidnliaii uiuelid his ipie lialiian navctriuhi en cstc Fslrecliu. Verilicado eslc p.a.sd alioiianzi'i el \ ientd, y seL;iiiin(is cdii veiitdlinas del O. al .'>. tdda la iiianana Xos (liviirinids al jniertd dc Ci'ivddlia, dimde Tetacus indicidia dcliia (|Ucdiirsc, y li (pie dalia cl uonibre < 'liacliinnUiijiUsas. 'reliicus lialiin diirmidd con sdsieiid luda la iidclie, nii desiiiiiiticiidd Jiiiiias su t'niiiiiuesii y rdiitiauza ; dalia sn triild ediiliimas pniebas de su lacil loiiipiehelision ; cunocia en la carta la ediitiMiilii;\, vrctlii. l-'viiin ill.' il;lillc(l IViilll llii' iiv iuliiiid, liiil [\- •xcf]it 1<| ''illllll'*. ii|i(ivliincc. 'I'lii'V ,1, (hill llif I'iiy"! IHiiIiciSImI ils llll' III llll' llll null 111 III llic cliiil't wliiili (•Is. lH-CSI'llll'll IWu ilcil ill il^ r^-Mh: IS t'ullllil l" 111' llll' iiva. 'I'lii' fliaiiiicl. tUu liiiUiiiis l"'ii'- .ii'ihlnl']ii'iii'Uutin' Uoii of till! I'liy "1 lie sill'Voy 111' llr 114 tlidsi' iit'Caaiiiiiii" iiiid iiiiii'f liuiii'.'l" iviii;^ III I'iill '«i''» ;iic ilivoi;ti"ii III' tl" llie smitli, mill tli" If imnitli oi' Kziiii, imllu'r III' llll- i"ii- iiiiiil wlii'ii iiiliilili"-' Imn psr:i'.N.L V ;,a'tiiu;4 near t" ''■ coast nlon;4 it at I't- alid we went on vK W'.. the weather i.;it Point of Moiviioii-| lielwceu it ami route iiointeil nut I'l ueiided hy thus.' wi. This ]mssa<;e luivirj lown and we iirnri'fil". to S. nil the niunuc; vt of Cordova, wM and to which liei;a> sas. Tetiicus had Ad lviii;4 his fraiik!ii'^\n-l ,aive coiitimial pvunl' he nuderstood on 1 . strait and the i^-lai''' llu' iianies wliii'li h 'nint of Moirlin il'' ' vised us to take v.' luid abundant, but all ['ill' 111 laide t'stiivinins cii tierra visilando las lu'iias lie Tctacns, doude liabia cniiin ciiicuenlii iim .... Ti'laciis iiinslralia la iiiayoi' .t;iil a sus liiU'S|iedcs .... y ims |■elil■a- , ;1 Inmln iiiiiy .satisfi'i'lins. I'nr la noclie liiilm nil i|llictllil ell el |ilierln, y Unsiistms tuvililos la iiiii'ia 1)111' peilia cl exilar una orasioii do ;i;nia ]iiiei'tci lie Ci'inlolia es hernioso I'SU' piiei'to file doiide la .ifoleta " Saliiniina " tiivn 'iii'iiiiicar las cannas di- Ins habitanles jiarii jjiiliT la laucliu del |iai|ileliol San tVillos, i|iie 11 en sii cnii.sei'va, y ile la i|iiu olislinadaiiienle iiiiiii apiidcrarse. )niiio cl ticiupii niis habia iavmecido para i|iie 'niiiiiiisciuos en el dia la latilud y lniii,dtiiil jiiiui'tii, iiiis leviiinos I'l las lies ile la luiidiuuiiilii 111 luarea siilieiite. De.sde las nclio de la iaiiii ciii]iezaiiios I'l i;nzar de la viiazon, ipie linniincible ]poi' el S.,S.( ). Xns dirininios 11 la aiiiii ilcl canal |iara leiicr el \iciitn cii tnda su 11 y liiiscar las Islas de lionilla, ipie .son iiiui ;i iiiarca ]iara la derrola. I'asaiiios aln;uiios ii'iisiauy I'licrles de las corrientes, yavisladas llfliis mis dirijiimos I'l ellas, dexi'iudolas jmr r. A las cinco de la tiirde, i|iie eiu|)ezo I'l " " ' Vi iU'se el viento, iitriiciiiiios hi ]miua i'.K. ile lie Sail .hian ]iiiia dar fnndo 11 la parte K. de I'lijUi' ciiiiseiiuinios 11 las niieve ile la noclie. (iliictii pi'iiici])iil de tniiiar este ancliulero era I'liservcr en cl una emersion del jirimersatclite II] liter i'limlear estaba la niarca ]inrailii ; so e.xaiuiiii'i luzii, y iiiinca jiasi'i de una luilla y media ]inr .■11 iliii'ccion al S.S.K. hasla las Ires y media, ^ta liora cambii'i jiara adeiitro. Subii') el a.uua liiiii niieve |iies. sii'te de la niahaiia se dexi'i seiitir una Minn ]iiir cl S.S.l'^. : con clla dimos la vela |(i|i|ini'i'liar In restante de la marea favorable ; ill I'stalia nublado, y el hoi'izniite apeiias era ■"'"'■"■ ''•"■• el vieiito para atravesar lia iiiilla. C'cniiuns pta ilcl E., 110 solo ])iira sej,'nirla y no jierder fa del Canal de lliicnies, ipie va ))or entre la It este nnnibre y lii cnsta, sino tambieii para kl'liis i.ilotcs que hay a la mediaiiia del canal ■ esliiliimins, y sobre Ins ijlli) 110s i'es]ialdaba jtii'iite cull rapidez. A pro]ioi'cion ipie fiiinins jl'J li la incdiania I'lie tesando y alargandose luilina: arriliamosal iiasoiiuenos aceiciibamos T^ta ilcl !•;., y ci.isleainos las ilos Islas Alorros laiixilid lie ]a virazmi ipie ajniutri ]ior cl S. Ila.'i (ii'lio (l(. la niafiana des)iejando cl cieln. lii'K li la ]niiita S.O. del Canal de Cliiemes, y > I'M I'l navepuido al princii>in a medio jiasslnu' that ]ilace the spriims were scanty and the ualiT of bad tasU'. He ali' ulial was i;iven to liiiii willi di'cciii'c. iniilaiiuu niir iniinns. wliirh lie always raicfiilly observed, in all lliiiins. lie ri'iiiembered the names of all the Kni,'lish iiiid Spanish ca]itailis who bad visiled llie coast nf llie iiiaiiilalid and the ari'liipcla.i.'ns of ( 'laiiciiad ami Nooika, and lie also informed us thai there were two lari,'e vessels within llie Strait. When we were near the roadstead of hiliza three canoes upproached the " Me.sicana," with four nr live Indians in each, but witlmnl wantiu.i; In cniiie alnii'iside Al 1 1 in the moruiiiL; we siicceciled in miikini^ tlie pint of Cnrdova, and we anchored in six falhnnis of water, .sandy boitniii, in the snuiliern |iiui nf the anchoi'iiixe Tctiicus took lea\e nf US with the i,'rcatest enrdiality, and went aslinre Ill the afternoon we landed and visited the liiit.s ol' Tctiicus, where there were about tifly Indians. . , . . Tetacus was exccediiiLtly friendly to his i^'uests .... and we returned nii Imard vciy well satistied. At ni;,'lil it was ]ierfeetly (liiiet in the port, and we exerci.sed such vii,'iliiiice as was necessary to prevent any chiiiice of mis- adventure .... The ]iort of ('nrilnva is beautiful It was in this ]inrl that the schoouer " Satiirniiia" had to tire upon the canoes of the inliabitants to defend the launch of the ]iacket-linat "San Carlns." wliiih ciinie in her com]iaiiy, and of which they obstinately endeavoured to ;_'el jinsscssion. As the weather had been sn favourable as to enable us to determine the latitude and lon,i;i- tude nf the ]ioil in the day time, we wci.Lthed at ;i ill the mniniiiu' with the tide j,'niiig nut. Frmii S in llie moriiiiiL; we beniin to en.jny the. breeze which spriiui;- u]) lightly IVoiu S.S.'W. AVe steered for the middle of the channel to have the wind in all its fnrce, and to seek the Islands nf I'mnillii, which are 11 j^nod mark for the course. We ]iassed some very strnn;,' races, and, haviii.i,' sighted the islands, we made for them and left them on the starboard hand. At o in the afteinoon, when the wind be,i;an to fail, we neared the S.K. jinint of the I.sliiud (if San .liian, in order to cast anchor at its ca.stern ]iart, which we etlected at '.' at ni^lit. The priucijial object of takin.e; this ancliorii;_'e was to nliserve there an emersion of the chief satellite of.liipiter On auchoriic.'-. t!:e li . was at ihv slack; its I'nicc was examined, and it never exceeded a mile and a-lialf an hour in the dircitinii nf S.-S.!']., until l;alf-|iasl 11, when it cliini,L;cd fnr the direction inwards. The water rose from S to i) feet. At 7 in the iiinrninL; a breeze was felt from S.S.K. ; with it we set sail to avail ourselves nf the reiuiiiiider nf the favnunible tide; the sky Mas cloudy, and the horizon scarcely a mile. We hiiLiveil the wind to cross to the east coast, not only in order to follow it and not to lose the mouth of the channel of (Jiieines, which runs between the island of that nitme and the coast, but also to double the islets v liieh are in the middle 'of the channel in which we were, and upon which the current was drivini,'us with rapidity. In ]iroportiun as we were getting into mid-channel the breeze freshened anil veered aft ; we bore away whilst we ucared the eastern coast, and we coasted aliiiij; the two ]\Iiirros Isliinds with the aid of the breeze, which was direct S. from S in the niorninjf and cU'iircd the sky. We reached the S.W. point ul' the channel of Oiiemes, and wo entered it, navi- 11 < Appendix 26 fVcu ]imii libcvtanio.-i dc In wiliiiu ilc lii custii ; ]ii'in yii ilt'ntm liMiii'i t'l viuiito su iliri'ccioii, y u". llcciriiMMis li 111 del Sill' |iill'il lilii'l'liinins ilr l;i I'liciyii (Ic lii ('diiiciib' ciiiiliiiviii, i|lli' S('iii|ili' ciiii- tVlin'MtliniMS Cdll liillc'liii vi'Mliljil, |illi'S Mlllli|llr rl vii'iito csliiliii lliixd niiilaliaiiins lirs uiilln-i y iiii'diii j)or liiini. I.ii iiavciiiiiidii ciu iiiiiy iiuiMiliililc |iiir ill IViiiidiisd dc 111 ciisliis. \'a\ la del X., i|iU' ;i l;i ciitiiidii cs i! ■ |)liiyii, viiiios mill laiulicria |iii'i.Niiiia I'l lii |iiiiil S'.O., (|iie I'Xiiiniliiidii run id aiiliM.jii >r liiilli'i cnii islir en diw cii'^as i^randi's ; vaiins liidins CDi'iii- II li lii pliiyii, sc cinliiirriirnii en iinn imihiii. y t'- liiriuii'i'iiii ii Ins ,L;iili'las, diiiidiiirs ra/.ii cini tlllliO llcit.'l'tii ciiiiKi ]iiidiiTil liiiccllii el 111 I- cxiH'I'ln iiiiiriiui .... Miiliv tiiiili) sci^iiiiii..; Ill cnsla del Siir del ciHiai ]iiir ciiiiii lirnziis dc a;.;iiii rmido nvcnn lia.stn la iniiila S.lv, y i\rI,; vicutc y iiiicve iiradiis y incdid, y ami liiiliicra siiliidi) inns si no liiiliii'raiiins salida li ciii'"iilr;ii la Cdiiiclitc del vicllln. A liisciiicd cntalili'icslc |idr(.'l S. : liiciincs i-iinilin, y iiiis iiilci-iiaiiins en cl Scim dc (iastun, ipic amii|iic nil cstalia del tiidii vccdiidciild cdsleaiiins sii |.arlc ]•]. imi'ii diriuiniiis ii sii fniidd, y ver si iciiiii cii /l iiI,l;iiii canal. I'll \icnld I'lic rclVcscando, y liivniv- cidiis dc (-1 cstiiliiiniiis ill aiidelicccv satisrcclai,; ilc i|iie i|iliiiidti mas liahrin mi lin ]ici|iiend en sii jiailc iiilcriiiv. 1,11 cdstii i|m' In roriiialia era (\v linr.i iiaxii y ancnailiza iinc ciirria |iia' oilic dns Imiias, y I'l iilyiiiiii disliinciii ii]iiiiciitiiliaii canal : cl rmiddcia dc scis ii sietc lirii/iis |)icilia, y pciisiiliiiinns lidiileai- )iiirii ccliiiviids fiicra i|iiaiidd caiinns cii ciiird ^rcdii dura, ]idr In ipic sc ]irctii'ii'i t'liiidciir.cniiliiiidd cdiiid Iiastii ciildiiccs liatiiiiiniis visln que cl vicntu sc i|iicdiiliii CII la lini-lic. I siliiiicidii era Inii'iia jiiiva (U'xnr cacr cl iiii(da, y |)oilcr rccdiiiiccr inns jiriilixninciitc la |iailc inlerinr ilc la cnsciiadii en In niannnn sii^iiicnlc. Alcrrnnids Idiln njinrcjn, nvisci id tiiiidiiid dc la "Siilil" dc i|iialrd liva/.as dc I'dndd, y sc ilcxi'i caev el aili In ; ]iciii dcs|)iies ^r i.niiir treiiiln lirnzns ilu cidile, sc. linllii In ijulcln en dns y inediii do ii,t,'iiii. rniiiedintainciitc iiiiindii cl ('oiiii'iiidnnlc siindar ]idr la ]iii|ia y las niclns ; li dns cnlilcs i\v distaiiri;i HI liidliil'iiii dci Inazns, '• sc rdiidcii'i i|iic cl alula lialiiiicnidd I'n Ires. l!.>la ei[iiivdcacidii del tininiicj niis )iiisii en iiin\ inalii sitiincidii. Sc imsi'i In imilic Clin euidnild, y diirniite (mln clln \.iclii cl n^;ii,i. i\r siicrlc Hill! ill ninaiiccev esuiliaiiins cii mm liia/a y liiedin. llnliiniiiiis \isld clai'idadc.-. id S.K. dc la iiHiiitiiuii del ( 'aniiclii.y ami .1 \c(:cs .ilu'iiiins llainii- vndii.s, serniles i|iie no dexiiriiii diida i|iic liny vul- I'liniis cull I'licrl cs cni]icidiies cii lujiiellns ccicniiins. Lii A[c.\iciinii lialiin rmiilcndd idiiiii i]vyi cnlilcs nins ill ()., y en iiiedin Iniiza inciins dc a;^iia ; cl vieiild, que lialiia sd|iladd en l;i luiclic Imstalilc IVcscn ]inr el S.S.H., liabin levnnlndi) nlumi innicjndn, cini Id quo eiiiiiezi'i il tucnr dc |id|in. Diii una cs|iin iiiiiiediiilcinnnlecim .su l.iiiclin, y solniMdln irnlii dc dar luvcln sin liuyu' el cnbo linstii estnr en vicntu. L'litiii;,' id llrst in i"id-(iinmiel tdiivnid tlu; ! caiiii , III 111' inn the ciia-l ; liiil wlieii within, tlic wind lunk i'H ■•'' '"'" dilcclidn, and uc ncnicil llliit nl' the S. tn m. ■>'''''''"'" ihc I'divc iijilic iiiiiir.iry ciirrciii, wliicli \vc iihi.^''''"""'* vcsislcil Willi .ulcal nil\nlilii;;c, fill' idlliiiiij;li !|B'"' I" 'i'l.f wind \Mis sliiiK \M' went tliree miles nnd ndiulf .B"" "l'-^'' limir. Till' iiaNi.unliiiii "ns M'ry |ilciisniil IVnin |.«E-i;i'iii'i:i i' Wdiiilinc-s dl' I lie cdiisls. (»n liinl (if tlie X., \ii:;B" '" ''■'*r i,l llic ciilinnic is n licncli, wc snu' ii sliitiuu |,,.B> Imiidii/ llif X.W. |iiiilll, which nil lieilii,' e.xiiiililieil wiil.B'"'"'", ''" lclescd|ie was seen lii cinisist of two liil;,'e liiiii-,B " "''^"''' severnl Indiniis inn In the lieiicli, cinliaiknl ii.B'''""''' '''' caniic and made lui' llic schdiiiicrs, j;i\iii;' ilB"' ''I""' cliiisc willi as iiiiich skill as the must e.\]ierl sriu;,^'" '"'"'"'' . . . . Mcaiiu liilc wc rnlldwcd the siiiillh 111' ihc channel in li\c fntlmnis nl' wiiter, ., lidllnni, Id llic S.l'!. |idinl, and rrnlii ihal wi' iii„ il idwaids the X.l'!, |Miinl, IVniii which we |i!-^ ill a MTV slmn di lame In liilldU- llic roast „■ ■■Imiiciliilt;! llaiid df Clieiii.',, and liy that and the ■TMl"'"' I''"'' Si -Ills" to iiiikc I'di- the liny orCastdii. ■« l^'" 'H'll' .\s siidii as we dolllilcd the X.K. piiilit wr iiecaliiicd. .iiid il wns ii'.'ccs.siiy to re.sdvt di tin- to make ilic ii.issayc, I'oislin.u: sonic .sciinty ln.-j tVdiii \\'..S.\\'. which o|i|ioseil lis; Init iis sikhi;;, |i,is-,ed the islnilils, the wind \ ccleil to (he M' _ we hnilled IVcc to {loit to doiililc the I'nii/.H.^' "• ''*-'! Solniio. The heiit wnssi'iy distressiii,^;, liir.iiltl;-^':','''''' ■^' ' the thernioinetcr in Ihi' shiiilc wns at llicteiii| dcmee, when c.\|idseil to the sun il ruse tn dcLireis, nnd winild c\cii have risen hi^^lier i; liiid not udiii' iiiii td meet till' curieiil dilluMi li'llllllll Cl ii-c liiern liieii'seii trliii> ;,'iil]ic Ili<|ilU'S (1 '■mil |io |lii'i. y iiiiji '." i|ilc e Ollllll. I II Mh'llriniies M ."i dVldck the wind .setth'd rroiii the SiB""-,.*; '^i " made our coiirse, nnd we went into the IlivB'' '''"'•' ''' Castoii. .Mthoii-h il was mil iit nil .siirvevniBl'Y'"'* '" coasted aloiiL; its easlcrn |iiiil, in order In iimk-B''^'''"' ^^^W its cxtrcmilv, ,ind to sec if there was iiiiv i.liii^P''"^- ^'-"A in il. The' wind Mill rrcshened, iind' liiv. •-'''■ '";l'i ' thereliy, we were l.y ni-ht-l'nll siilislied tLlB'' 'j' '''''.'' could hnvc 111 niosl Inii n siiiidl river in itv '.'^^r I linit. The Min.sl which hirnieil it was nl B"™".""." ' ^\ iimndntcil laiul, which ran hctwccn two liil'iM'"""""'"'' and at .soiiic distniicc they ii|i|iciireil lo lie iirli,i'.^f ^" j"""'.'''| 'I'he (h'|ilh wns IVdiii C tn 7 hithiiiiis, stony, m.iB";; '''' ''i''; were ididiil to tack to ^ct d,it when we Irll iij '"'•^""' ^1 lathiiins liard chalk, whcrchirc it was thnii^'l«''''''''. '|iii'[ td anclior, reckoning;, lis we hnd I'lnind until JBI"'''."'"'"''^I thilt the wind would continne in the niiilil. W.V''"'"''l| sitiinlioii wns liivdiiralile lor ca.^tini; iiiu-h"r,;;i:lB' ',""."' . cMiniinin,^' more caicl'iilly the inner pnrt ilB'"' '''.'''"''I inlet on the I'dllowiiiL.' inorninLr. We iiiih-B''V"""'. I'nsl. the .stccrsniiin of the " Siitil" fe^'iU'ina viral liithdins dciitli, and the iriiclnir was drii|i| iil'ler paying; out :lll ralhdins nl' ciihlc, the ' inus lit the slcrii and the i|ii:!rtcis ; >:'. rallies ilistaine twiiliilhoins weic loiiiiil. :i:B''"''' ''' ' :mis asccllaiiicd thai the anchor had lalleii in'- This mistake of ihc sleersmiin placed ii-< awkwiird siiiiation. T'hc iiiuht was 1"" ' WV'!','' '"'' nli.xicty, and during;- the whole of it tin' » " j '""'' dcerc.iscd, so lliiil lit diiylii'ciik we were iiiiiLB^'""' * ajid-n-hnlr. AVc had seen illiiminiitieii^ '• S. I'l. Ill' llic miinntain of ('iirnielo, nnd ev.i; Hushes lit times, indications which left li" thill there arc voleimoes with .strmi.t;' eiii|'ii those ]iiirls. The " Me.vieiiiiii " hiul iiiii iilioiit two cnlilcs more to (he W., iiiiil in! rntliom less wiiler; the wind which IkhI ' jiretty freshly in the iiiclit from S.S.l'l., Ii;i! il swell, witli which it lici,'iiii to tmicli ■■ stern. Shi! immudiatcly gave out a wniji ^' •" 1 11 siell 'llvltll lie 'liiislii eii| i'' iiiiiirlif ".use I Siis sei;iiri| lll'li-illlii.s. 37 ti> nviiid the Mliii till- wiliil liink i nV llic S. h> ,r. ■Ill, wllicll \M' :ilw ..,., I'nl' iillliiill^li !!, (■ iiiilrs mill ii-li;ill' i '\\ lllfilSilllt riniii ['. liml III' till' N-. «li; i\ saw 11 sUaiuii u. 'ill^ CMIlllilll'll will ,,|' iwii lar.iii' li'iii iitiv tnntn 111 " Sniil " s(! llmnrni iiiipii' tlol (imln, SI' liiilli'i I'M ilm 'n'.i/Hs lie iij,'iiii ; sii rstiilia .tii'iiilii I'l l"iti' para iliir la \'i'Ia i|iiaiMlii j-,,fti|jiiis i|ili' la " Miixii'alia lailua \aiai|ii, ir Id i|iir SI' viiMi'i ii I'l'liiii- I'lii'rii, y .sc in i!ii\ii'p III iiiixiliarla. ilaliia Icliriln ai|iii'l!ii i^cilda la iy.T.iii;! ill' M'liiisi'li' el aiii'liili', i|i|i' lialiia il ulii III III rs]iia, y HI' liallalia imiy r\|iiii'sla a iliir liiinila/ii, siciiilii |iiTri.-n ii la ;;itiili' liaicr iiH'ii ripii lii.i iriiicis |iiiia i'\ il.'r I'sti' ill": i-ilri'. ;l"Slltil" taillliirll sell' \liin I'l iillcia I'll I'l 111 ^liiiiti' ill' '''"' '■' ^'''"' V l"'!' |iviiiilip i]iio SI' aciiilii't l„'ai'li,i'liil';ilKi'ill!.« ^,| ,,,,.,|.,.i„, van', fll' scis pii's rscasn.s ilc a-ila; rliiMilRTS, lilMll- ll-^,„ ,„|„,„|;,; las ilrliiiliis iirovi.lciii'ias, al imIh. ,!,. Ill' iiliist I'Xlii'll ■•i':il;.: illiiWcil till' willlli „iius III' wiiti'i', m:^ ,1 IVnlll llllll ^Vf 111 rnnii wliii'li ^\« l"-.'l fdUiiw till' ii'ii^L I'' I iliai anil llin'T ly ,,1' Castiili. Ii'r N.K. liiiiiil wi' ' laiy liivi'smi In tin- u^' soiiii' si'aiity 111" (1 us; liiit lis >iiiiii' il vri'Vi'il til till' W ,, (Idllllll^ till! I'liii.'.] clislvi'ssinij;, I'liiMilil- iiiiiisalii'liiii las iliK ;i llnlc. Ill 111 nil s; lliiiiiciliataiiu'liti' .SI' iii'iii'i'ilii'i il ili-.|.Miii'r Ins Vm-i ]iiira ilav la vela y rniiiiiiiiar la iiavi'uarinii, |ii liis iii'liii y MU'ilia 1 ifiaiia ya rsiali.in 'iiiiilii cull I'l vii'iilii IVt'si'ii ili'l S. S. ]•'.. para ^;ii-i' I'lii'ia ili'l Si'iiii (Ic ( iaslmi, sin i'N]ii'iiiiii'iit,ir liii'ii'si'ii a,L!Uii al,i;iina, aiimpir lialiiaii ilailn jlm^ i;iilpi'S on i'l t'lHiiln. Iii-inii's lie vai'iiis luirilns iiiiiiil.irnn las jmntas jv II. ili'l Si'liii till (lastmi ii hi..; i|iiatrn ilr lliiiik'. V I'litriiriin ]iiil' rl Ciiiiil i|i' rarlH'rn; li.'liill imr nu'ilin I'l'i'Il. '■I'lliillil'i ali,ii I'l llll''^^'''''' '"*:''''' ''''''I'mi', V lilllialllln la lliliT.'inll (Irl lilisllin "'illlill. Ihi' sun It I'usi' ti' ■ lavr lisi'ii lii;4lii'i' '■ [Ik; I'linvnl of tin- « 1 i|ni' I'litraniii en i'l. |)rs|iiii',s iir salir liiiliil, en la Knscijiiilii ili' l.iia, xilims ilus .m'iii'iiiiH's iiH'imri's, la una mi apiircjii ili' ini, V la iitra fun vi'l.i ri'ilnnilii, ipii' si'i;uiaii la ,11 liiiiiil I'l N. Xii ilililalilii.s i[lli' prl'li'lirirriali \u< iliis liiiipu's liiL'li'srs ijiic I'stalian in rl •ilm. si';,'iin las iioliiias tU: niii'slrii iiiiii,L;ii ■us. Si'j;iiiiiiii.s sill \iiriai' tin niiiilm, |H'nsaiiilo ;".'iivliiilii la niii'liii con pnca vela, y iniianrci'V 111 I'lnita ill' San llafai'l jiava cstar al prin- I ili'l ilia ell li liiira ilr l''liaiilali|iiiica, i' iiiniiis en I'lla 11 xTi'ilirar iIcmIc liii'^u su iinHiiiiii'iilii ipii', ciiiiiii SI' liii ilicliii. Ii'iiianms ,vii]iiir,i ci'i'cr I'lii'.sc niiiy iiilcvc'-and'. Alnivc- . . , K lie ilii'Z ;i liiici' ill' 111 lliiclir 111 Kliscliailil 7 rntliiiiiis, '^'""■^■' *'M(;arziiii, vicmln liu-cs ilcnlv.. ,1,' dla, (|iii' no.s I niil when "Y ,uH("iriiii ipu' Ins laiipics a i|iii. pcHcni'daii las 1,'l'oiv U "''^ "'""rf-Mivciinniicsiiiciiinvsi'staliiin en ai|iicl I'limlcailcro. ,. hail l.mnil ""."■ -Ml vi,.|ito, (im' vclo frcsci. tmla la in.clii', lii/n scitii'ii riiiiu till' ^ . went iilln till' ''■ ii.il al all sinvevi. iiivt, in (ivilev tu iiiiik-' I' there was iiiiyi.lii Vesheneil, iiml I'n*' ijit-rall siilislicil t'. .small livi'V in il'- k rnrmeil it was nl II lielwceu iwii liil aplieiiveil lnhi'iiilwB [iliiiue in the ni;.;lil^ \\,v castiiy iineliiii',i!i:; ly till' inni'i' pint i;i iinaiiiii'-;. ^Ve iiiH''' ill,. '•Sulil" 11""- iniehiir was ilniVl"-' laii-' III' cahle, tin' ■'''' 1 i,-hall'fatliiinisiil« meiliately imleml '« ,, ihe i|uarlevs; nl liiiiiis were rmniil^ ;i-j uiehiii-haili'iilli'ii'"' i|ilii'riiliiiis la ilistaiieia liastii eerea ile la I'liiila lull Kiiliii'! li 111 una ile ellii. ('eMiiiins inii las i> iivriiiiliis lie 111 \iieltii lie riiei'ii. y li lasilns ilc ifiiilKl vii'iiiiiiis lie la lie ilelilrn, sniiilaililn ;i )iii('ii n side lira/as ili^ rniiiln; \nlviiiiiis il idiiiar iiillii lie I'liera, y cimtiiuii'i ilisiiiinnyeiiilu el 'liiistii ciiicn lira/as arena. Hn estii sltuacinii ill "liiirtunii ileMir eaer el niiela lior im fiiir.^o lie nnehe cii liiiscar la saliila, iii .er feiite ol eiintiiiiiar liiieia la huca sin teiiei ile .i< si'L;inii iiiiiii''iniieiitii. ^-...ili'iiliins, v ciui las jiriiiiei'iis lures ilel ilia rrsniaii lihiceil"siUj.« ^^^^^_^^^|,|'^^^^^^^_, ^. ^^^^^^|.^^ ,.i,„al, . 'i la elilila- „. iii-ht \vas pii""»,|„ii|,„i,, ,1,. Siiii l!„|',„.l Clin liiiai,..,i M. de la he ^^li"''' "' ".""VBlMiliiaeCi'peila. Nlil-eilk we were 111 ''^^ .,,'(■11 illinuilialieii> ■ i,r Carinelii, ami i^'^- timis which li'l'l "'; s with stri.ne enil'i'.;| MeKicana" hu'l •"•;■ ■.. In the \V., mill '»; I,,' wiml which Iri'l lieht I'rnni S.S.H., li;' '1 il lie^iin tn tiimli :-| :ly giivu out a WlU■ll^> launch, anil upon tlint [ ahoiu, hoisting snil vitli- oill Innsill',' the Inpe lllilil nicelili;,' the wind. Meaiiw liile the "Sulil " was .slinrteiiiiiL; in her I'lilile, ami WHS roinul to 111' ill twn rathonis water; .',e were ImistiliL; ill the linal ill niiler to set, sail, when we liotieed that the " Mexieaiia " had ^^rniinded; it was thereroic j,'(il mil ai^'aiii and sent til her iiHsistiiiice. That selmoner liiiil had the inlsrnitiiiie In diiiL,' liniiie the streiiiii iinelior, which she hail ca.si with ih. wurp, and uii.'< in >,'reiit danuer ol' iioiiii; (ivi'i, so tliiil it wii.s neces.sary for I he nun In prop Iier with the mir.s to ]irev('iit siieli a disiisli^r. The "Sutil" also di'iii,'j;eil home her aiiehnr at the luonieiit of setting; sail, and ipiickly as the tackle was resulted to she Ltroiiiided in ii ■canty ,.ix feet oi' Water; lait all due nieiins having,' Illy n ii|i|ilied. lit the elid of an Imiir Imtli vessels Were altnllt. I'repiiratjoiis \\ei,' imiiieilialely niade for tlin \e-is,'ls III set s lil and coiitiniie the navieatinii, and al half-pa.st S in the mniniu;,' they were lacking' with a fresh .'^.S.K. wind to ;,'et out of the Hay of (iasinii, and il was not fniiiid that they made any water, althnii^h they had freijueiitly struck the hnltnin. .\flei' variniiH tacks they dmililed tin ."s. and W. point.-, of the I'.ay of (la ,1,111 111 4 in tliii al'ternonn, iiiid iiiiide for the ( liaiiiiel of raeheco ; they ) in i- cei'rled liy uiid-ehaniM'l. the wind soiuewhalaliatiiiL;, mill takiiiL! the ilirecl imi nf the chiiiinel itself a.s soi'ii as they eiilered il. After leavini; the eliaiinel, in the Creek of Larii, we saw two sniiiller ImatH, one with sliding .sail ri^".iiii;r, the oilier with si|uare .sail, which Were fnllnwiu;^ the cniist towards tliu \. We had no doiihl that they lieloli,i,'ed to tho tun I'ai'ilish vessels which were in the Strait, accoriliii',' to the iiiliirmalion of mir friend Tclaciis. V.'e went on without chmiuinu course, thinking,' to iiiiviL;iite all ni.u'ht with little sail, and to Ik; oil' the Point of .San Itafael at dayhreak, so as to ^'et to the mnnlli nf flnridalilanca early in the iiinriiini,% to uo within and to make the survey at once, which, as has lieeii said, we had reason to helievc wniiltl he Very interesting,'. From 111 to 12 iit niuht we crossed the Creek del (!arzon,and saw lights within it which indii'iited that the vessels to which the smaller Imals li,'l,iii^c,l were ill tlint michnraue. The wiml, wliirli kept fresh all ninlit, eliiililedus 111 make the distance to near the i'oint of San ii'afael hy I o'clm^k. AVe stood oulwani with reefed to|isails; mid at 2 in the niorninx we veered iiiwanl, snnmliim' .snnii in s,'V,'ii iathnnis deep ; we ai,'aili .slnnd oiiiwanl, and tli,' ilepth cnmiiiiicd decreasing In live fathniiis sand. In thissiliiatinii it ii|ipem-eil littiiiL,' tn ciisi anclinr, sn as nni to run any risk in .si'ekiii'4' the niiil(.i 111 iiij,dit ; and as it was nnt ]iriii!i'iit tn ciiiiiijnii' near the niniith witlmut iia\ iiiLi' iiinie i-,rtiiiii kimv. Icilne of it. We anchon'd, and with ih,. liisl liLrlil of iliiy wu saw thai we were in iiiid-cliannel, in a line with the I'niut of San l.'nlael. ami the Kast pniiil nf the I'eninsiila of (.'epeda. App«ndi^. (j Appendi I) '. 28 Rducion ihi Viaif lurlio por laa Ltuhtost " Utitil" oii l''nineiseii 1]J reet'ived orders in the year 17'.'ll tii limv minute survey made nt' that enti'i'iicc. Hu J )iiiiiiled Suli-I,icuti'i!ant Pon Manuel (,iiiiiii[J who tiimmaiideii Im- sloop " I'rinccsa IJi'iil," thai ]iurpose. The .saiil odiecr .sailed IVniii J'oit of Xiiiitka on the IlLl of .Xlay, e.viiiu;i.| the I'lirt of Clauiaiid, al'tcrw irds pcncliiiti'il Clianiiel of [''ilea, surveyed so iic )iorts anil iwnl the eoasi, drew plans of llieiii, and ictireil mi:! Isl of .Viii^iist, the weather liol liaviiij,' ulluii him to eontiniic his lahoiirs. In the followinj,' year Kliza received (irikTsd the N'iecioy of Xcw S|iain t iin|ilote the exaii.J lion already hciiuii, and which cxciliMl tla; rmi • of L,'co,L;ra)ilicrs. That ollicer lefl Xnotka in .. iiiaiid of the luiekel " San Carlos " and the sclnv " Jloreasitas," intendinj,' to j,'o nj) to (iir lntir.l and lo come down and examine the coast l" Channel of Kiiea, then to enter therein In exaiiJ it eom]iletcly ; Imt the wind not allowing; liiuii many days to lj-cI lo the north, ho deteniiiiiiii| lic^jin his examinations at 48', and eiitcivil I haniiel on the 27tli of May. JIo rcmaiiicil i till the 7th of .\uj;ust, when he foUllil liiltl olilij,'cd to retina hccauso ])art of his cri!W liii.l scurvy, and lie had not the necessary tlitt tlioiii. During this time ho caiLsod ]iliiiis t' made of some of the ])(irls, and had ]iarl ul coast oxaininod hy ihu mate Don .(oscpli X'lin^ beiiij,' unalile lo do it "liimsolf beeause he fallen siek. On his return to Xootka lie wrote the ivmiIH his voyage to tlio X'ieeroy of Xew Spuiii, .J after other reiiiavks, ho .said: — " Assiuiii;' vl I'Aecllcney thai the pas.sau'e to the. Ocean »i| forcij^ii nations seek for so eagerly on tlii,-^ iiu-'f there be one, will not be foiiiid, as it iipiitaKl me, eUowhere than by this great channel.' (i/ Sitb-Liintmi 7yO, Id Ihc Slfint r| :,■ I (//■ till Snnvl \ mill " Ml. Ill 'I M,' 29 No. V. I'XllllllllllUlIll in il'll /),r/((i'///"(i.'( ';/' "'. tf. MiXiill, ir. Mililiill, I'lijiliiiii Sirniixiii, }fiM,.i, Aiiili i.-iiiii, U, i iNciitidiied Iind cdiitiiiiied ill llie siiid iiiinexcd I >ecliiriitiiin : — III t'iiitli mid tesliniiiiiy wliercnl' I liiixc set my liiiiid mid seiil nl' dtlicc, mid luive iini--cd thu siiiil KTliil'iilinll tn lie lierclintn iiilliexe(l, ihltcd ill Viclnliii, llie J'.Ull dliv nf Se|itelillier, A.H. IHTI. (Si-iiedJ :\1. W. TVllWHITT DJtAKK, Nulnr// Piihlic. I licrcliy certity, tlmt ^rmiti\,mic AVillimn 'l"yi\\liill jtrnkc, wlmse si;,'Miitiire is lieieiinid iiltiiclicd, in N'nliuy I'lililic, duly iiiliiiilled mid |iructisiii;_,' in tlieCity nl' Victdliii, I'ldvince nl' lirilisii (.'nliimbiii, .iiiiiiiiiii III' ( 'miiidii. Ill tuslininiiy whercnl' 1 have liereiiiilu sol my Imml and ollicial sual, this -llli day ut' Uclubcr, staled that, ill 1" ilinii Id till' Niirlk. c elilvmice. al -tS :| iii^lil lie llial III' Ft lilnln) ill cnlilliiiiini In a.scL'Vlain wlnli. Tliu niaU' ri'tiiiir it Id lie iwcinv-^ , ill IS -M' l;iUU,. lieull KDlil nil li> ;: Dnii Kninciscii 1.1; yeav IT'.H) In Iniv./ lial elltvmicc. He Kill Manuel i.'uimi' j, " rrincesa J!(m1, _ nC.icei' sailed Irmii :'^i'"l- 'ilit nl' Jliiy, eXiiliiu.1 L'vwirds iienelviilc sn lie V""'''* '""' l'"^-,_ lelii, and letired liU '■ Tliis is tlie ]ia|ier wiitiiii,' marked Z, iirndiiccd and sluiwii tn AVilliani Henry McNeill, AVilliaiii lev iinl liaviiii; iittpBliiilii'll, and .Idliii Swaiisnii, and ict'cired tn ill tlieir .suvlmiiI dcclaiations, iiiaiked lesjieclively A, ]!, (', ilcclarcd this liTtli day of .Seiiteiiilier, I.S71. Iiet'di'e me : i^Sijiiiudj ,M. W. TviiWiiiTT l>i!.\Ki;, Xiiliini J'lililir. (Sie;nedj I'llAIM.KS (Iimid, Ciiluniid iiixirfiiri/. li/.a received nrdi/is 1:: [dcomiilete tlie cxiiii.; lich excil(Ml tlicciiviu iiTV lel't Nndlkaiii •■ .'arlii.s" and tliodi" d yd u]! Id I'll'' liitit.i xaiiiiiii^ the euast I enter tlierein In cxiui lid lint allnwin:.' liiii; iiiiilli, lie dutcniiiiici it 4S', and eiitciwl lay. Hu reuiaiiicil it| when lu^ fnuml liiii-' part of his crew luiil thu iieci^ssary diet he caused I'liUH t' rts, and had |iiiil "1 lie Dim dnseiih Ni"'' liiiisulf liecausi.' lie \il'. rny of New ^l"''"' ' .said:— " Assmiiy } .siv^f Id the ()cc;iii«a 1,(1 ea;4erly nn this (.".'i I'duiid,' as it iiviita lis ''real ehaiinel.' (Z.) 1, Heiiiy Slyc Masnii, nf Victniia, in the I'luvince nf jiiitish ('nliiiiiliia, in the l>nmiiiinii nf Canada, ik III the .\tt(iriicy-( ieiicral, dn snleiiinly and siiici'icly declare as fdllnws : — I'liiil the fdlliiw iiiy me the iiilcrrni,'at(iries siiliiiiitled to llerhcrl (1. Lewis, Alexander Caullield liplri-iiiii, ,ldhn Swansnii, William II. McXeil, and William .Alilchell ; and nn the ]icriisal nf which lMT";'Mt lilies they ,u:ave llie answers res]iecti\ ely cdiitaiiied in the several accnin]ianyiii!,' StaUitory l.iiiitiiiiis, marked .\, I'., I'. I), and !•'. : — ii'vijiilnrirs ri/iiliri- In l/ii' Xiirl/i- Wis/ It'iilrr Jlniini/iii'i/ (,>iii:tliiiii aiiliiiiil/n/ In Alr.innilir Canljirlil Aiiilrrsiiii, III i-lii il II'. Lii'-i-i, .Ill/ill Siniiitini, W'illiinil H, MiXilll, oiiil Willunn Mitfhill. I. .\liiiiil lS4."i-4li, had the lliidsnn's l!ay ('niii|iaiiy any fnit nr settleiiieiil nn the Fiaser Itiver ' -. Ihiw did tradiiiu-vi'.s.scls nr dlher craft cnmiiiiinicate with that fnil nr .selllenieiit I'rulii fnrei,;,'!! ■ mill I'rniii nlher settlements nn the L'nlumhia liiver, nr its iici.nhliiiiirhniid ( '': The date nf the seltleiiicnt nf l''nrl l.aiiudev nn Eraser liivcr '. 4. Ahniit the time nf the licudtiatiiin nf the 'I'realy iif . I line l.S4li, wlial was the cdiiimoii d|iiiiinii (if ■j liiitain insisting; nii the d'.ltli |iaralle! Iiciii^- (U'lleetcd in a .snutherly dircrlinii tlirnuL;li the Straits |}'ni;i Id the I'acitic, instead (if cntliiij,' t' nmeli Vmicdincr's Island '. If tn siH'.iire access tn thu iiii.s.sessiuiis to the nnrlliward nf 4'.!' imrallel, stale what )i(isscssinus liiilain held Id the nurthward nf 411', mid where '. ''<■ If the free naviu'iUinii nf the Straits and luljacenl Cliamiel was nut jiiiarmitued to tlreat Britain, imild access he nlilained Id tlaise pd.s.se.s.-iinns mirth df 4'.)" '. 7. When the Treaty was signed in .lime ISU'i, imd inevimis td that date, which < 'haiinel waskimwu iuMvl hy ves.selsani(iii,ust the islands fniiuim; the ArchiiKdau'ns hetween Vancniiver's IsLind and the |iliiU'iil, Id i^'et access t(i (iiir Diiiiiinidiis iKirtli nf I'.l ', ^. Fiirward iirnnfs and altidavits, le-ally attested hy ca|iii,ins nf \essel.s, and nthers, wild made use 'ii- l-'llaimel then kiniwii. and their reasdiis fur makili'4 use (if il ; ''. I'lcvidii.s In the siL,'niii,u nf the Treaty in ISh',, and al.sn at that time, how many channels were «ii 111 lie naviualile anidii.ust the islands fiirmiiiL;- the .\ivlii|ielae() hetween Vaiicniiver Island and tlm Jtiiieiilnf Amuriua { Anil I, Henry Slye Ma.smi, ahn\o-nained, .-dleniidy dcrlare, that f make the alidve statements, W'litidusly helievine; llii^ same tn he true. .\ii(l hy virtue nf the iirnvisiniis df an Act made and Nin the (ith year df the rei^'ii (if His Majesty Kiiij^ William IV, intituled " An Act to reiieal an I't the present Se-ssioii of I'arliament, iuliUiled au Act fur the muiu ell'eelual abolitiiu) of Oaths uud [105] p Apptndiz. No, V. m II M Appendix. AMiiiiiiiliHii. tiiLi'ii mill Hindi' in Miriiiii'< I ii'{Mitiiii'iii^nl' tlu' Siiiic, mihI In .'ii|i|>i'i'-'-ii III' vuliiiitmv mill I'Vtiii'jinlirial < iiillis mill AlliiLa j|>, iiii,{ i ikc iitl (I |Mii\isiMiis I'lir iIk' iiliiiliiinii ul uiiiRi'i'ssmv (ImI (.Sijiiicilj IIKNKV s. MASKN Pcrlmvcl ill Vntnrij, ill '.liu l'ii)\iin.i' nl' liriii'-li ('iihiiiilii;i, I >iiiiiiiiiiiii il C'miiulii, ilii> •J'Jlli ilii .Sc'i)lumln.T, 1871. Iloloi't (•^i^Iiii'il) TO nil wliiiiii l! M. W. TMiWiinr Dkak Xii/nni I'liliti, ll'Sl' |lll'M'lll> >llllll ( iiiic : 1, Mmilii^iir Will imn I s\\\\\\ II illilkl', III' lllr ( II', Vidiniii, I'lnviiici' III' lii'iti>li ( nliiiiiliiii, hiiiiiiiiiiiii III' Ciiiiiiilii, Niiliiry I'lililir, iliilv inliiiilliil |iiiiilisiim in |iiirsiiaiiri' III' an Ail nl' I'iirliaiiii'iil iiiatlc miil |iii'«Mril in tin: hInIIi vcar nl' IIh' iii;:ii His Maji'siy Kill;; William IV, iiitiUili'il " An Arl in IJi'|ii'iil iin Art lof tlic niiu'd I'll'i'i'liinl Almliii ltl'|MirtIII(llls nl' till' Sllllc, liml In M|li<| mi'' 111' Oaths anil Alliiiiiatinns tiikcii iinil nimlc in \i Iit'ilaraliniis In lirii ilicivnt', nnil I'ni' llu^ iiiiiii' ciiiiii' Sii|i|iri'ssinii nl' Miliintary miil t'\li'iijiiilirial (i.itl,. mill Alliihivits, and In iiinki' ntlicr |iriivisinns I'm' ilii' Alinliiimi nf iiiini'ii'ssiiry Oatlis," dn ln'i'i'liy ccitii Ihal. nil IJH' ^\;\\ nl' ||»' ihilc licrcnl', |M'l'.-iilially ciinir aliil a|i|iran I l-cl, I', William ilriiiv Ml Ni.iHI'hIi ml ik'si'iilii'd ill till' ili'ilaialinii lii'ii'imln aiiiii'xcd. Iiciii'^ a inTsnii wi'll kimw n mid wmtliv tjnnd cic'dil, ami liy .snlcimi di'i'lmatimi \\ liiili tlii' vaiil Williain llt'iiiy AlcNcill llii'ii imidi' lu'l'in-c ii,.| dill snlcnilily mid >ilin'l'i'iy ilcrlarr tn \v tint', llic M'M'ial niiitli'I's ami tliiliu's liii'llliiilird and runt;; in llic .said miiu'M'd lli'diiralinn. In l';iilli mid testiiniiny wlicrrni' 1 Inivi'scl ni\ li;ind and ^'t';ll nl nllict'. and liaU' i',niM.'d tin; hc'iliiratinii In lie lii'it'iiiit n mincxci iJiiU'd in Viitnria tlic l^'.Uh dav nl' Si litcllll ii'l, A.li (Signed) M. W. TVIiWIUTT J'llAKi;, Xi'/iiii/ .''ill' I lien iV ri'llilv lliaL .Mniil,i'.:il w illiiim Tvi-u liill I Iraki', wlinsi' si'_'li;iimi' l^ lirri'linln alhn Im; .1 Xnliirv I'lililir. duly iKiiniiiinn nl' Cmimki. ailnil Hull and |ii'arlisin,L: in tin' t'ilynl' \'ii-iiii i;i, l'iii\iiii >r I'liitisli Ciilii In I'.'stiniiiiiv wiaTi'iil' 1 h;i\i' lii'ii'iiiUii m'I inv linml ami nllirial -ral. tlii- 111; ii;i\ nl' OlI'i' A.u. 1871. (Si^Mli'dj ClI.MM.i;.- ( null. Cii/imiii/ S' I n liirij. This is till' |iii]ii'i' wriiiii!,' iiiaiki'd .\, shnuii in llfiiry Slyi' Masmi. .ii ihu linn.' nl' ni;ik i)cclmaUnn, mid thcrt'in ivl'crn'd In mi tin- lii'lnic inc '.nil da .'st'liU'laln'r, IS7I. (.^i^'iiL'd) M. W. rvi:\viiHT Du.Mii;, Xi.liini J'lihli. (A.) 1)< 1, William Iti'iiiy MrXcill. n|' (1 iniliiiin nl' Cmiiid;!, nnw a .si'llItT, liiiiiiiliil iiir-W Aiiil nil till! dllii'i' ni'i-asiiiiis r wi'iit to lln' woluard nl' Vani'iiiivt'i' Iskiiid. iliiriiii' tlii' wknlc n I' lliis I IIUVLT IlCal'll 111' I'l tlirnnuli Ilai'n Slniils, mid Jtnsiirin Siraits was llif milv clianiii'l kuBkiiiL' tlii il snrwyuil. ami i was in rni,>iaiii rinniiiiinii'iilinii diii'iii'j; sin-li iii'iind wiili sr il'ai'in.u iiii'ii *■!■. And trnvi'i'.si'd the wntiTs lu'twct'ii \'; 1 rnniniiindi'd llii' stonnii'i' iii'iiiiMi' l;-l;iml ami tlir iiiainlani III is:: .UliM'l-. I'l'InllUin i^- 111 till' llllilsnli's I'liiy {'nllllim and rrmn lliriirr till i\', mill ■lu' wiis (.'1 M; Ill'Sl llili'iil (lui'iiii,' that tiiiic in ti';iiliiiL; lii'lviri'ii l''iirl Siiii|is(iii arnri'said. I''i'.i,.ri' Itivci', and Xi-iiinilly-rii^'i't ''"''■ili' in vni Diiriiii;' all thai tiiiii' lu'twci'ii I.S:',7 niid l.'^l:!, I ncM'r licaril nl' a M'sscl ^i'liin^' llivoiiij:li llain Sliiii IS diuiii;,' thai |i('i'iiiil, I'rniii l.s.';7 till \X4'-'<, in innstaiiL ciiiiiliiniiicatinn with sliiiiii:;isU'is tnnliU-Mvisioiis |'i I'litin 10 .said wiituis. Ill 184:! I Wfiil In i';ii',^Imiii. ;iiid innliniU'il ali.sriil I'rniii this Xmlh-wi'st I'aiilir I 'nasi I'ni I" iiiniiihs, and ii'iiirnin'' in J844. I (u|it'it. am I Fnll Si lid nl' 1U]1.SU nil llii ;|ill in till' Jimlsoii's liay ( 'nni))iiiiy's survint at Sti'kiii.'M r)|i|.],, Xnrlli-wi'sl I'ncilic (,'nast, and I'luni llic'ln'c till 18111 I i'Bt('iiili(.|. ;iliy \csscl ^iiiiii;- tli)iiiii;li llaln SUaits, with he I'xci litinll nl' Ihr sU-nlllcr " licilNCr.' Ill Till then she nhvays went lhiiiii;ili Knsiiriii Sti;iils on her usual voyiiecs in the Itudsnn's May Ccni'r- ciiiijloy, the only then knnwn chminel. During' nil this time till 184ii, I never lionnl nl' Ilmo Siraits liein^ used liy vu.s.sels, ninl I » constant conmmiiiciilion with fjhiji-imi'jlci'i Imdiiiy in tliu wntur.s bclwcuii Vancouver IsIuikIuu fsl SI Dciliiiiiiiiiiis ill h, kI Alliil.ivil', iimli. I ;i;Y S. MASDN. iiiminliiiMl. mill ilip N'drtli-wcst IViflr CniiRt, Ami wiiiro 134(1 Ifowrio Stmit^i lin« stillliood tlio most |ii4ii:il 1 liiiiiiM'l liir ■li'' ''■'*-" ■ I Tliiil iiliiiiil I.SI.'i mill ISHI ilic JIiiiIsiiii'm jliiy ('nin|iiiiiy jiiul n sciili'ini'iil nl l.iiiii^li'V, mi llir lihi'i IliM'T. mill llir vij.l -I'lllrllirlll csi^lnl ■•illri' I SJ7 nl' I ^i-f*. In llli'lirsi, nf IIIV Ullnuli'ilnv mill klii'f. L'. Ill IlllsWi'f In llii' siTiillil i|lli'sliiil|, I ilnimv iis iirnivsaiil, llml lliiililii,' M'-si'ls nr nljicr rllll'l. iiiiiiiiiiinilnl w ilii liii' .sfilli'iiii'iii nl' l,iiii;,'|i'y Irniii InriMMn |imis, mill rrmii ijii' mhUU^iiu'MIs mi ilin niii Ilriiiv Ml Ni.lHL'"liiiii''iii I'lM'i' I'l' -ll iii'i'-ililimirlinnil liv I in' Si rails nl' l.'nsmin anil lln' (iiilT nl (ii'nrnia. i iiiiwii mill ^^"I'tli^ ■ •'■ 111 'iii^"''i' I" ill'' lliii'il i|iii'slinli, I ili'ilmi' as alnii'saiil thai, In llir licsl, nl" my kiinwli'i!;,'!', I mi iimili' lii'l'diT iirBiiliiriiMitimi, nr liriii'l', i.aii'^lcy, nii ilir I'Vasir iJivrr, was .xfiijcil almiit llii' yi'iir ISL'7 nr IHJM. I. Ill iillMM'rr In llii' I'laillli i[llr-'limi, I ili'rlaiv as arnri'saiii llial, alinlll lln' tillli' nl' till' lli'j^nliatiuli ll llii' Tiraly III' .liiiii>, IS'lli, llic rniiiiiimi ii|iiiiimi as In llii- nliji'i't nl' ( ilcill i'lrilaill insislili<^' (111 the I'Jili |iiiialli'l lii'iiij,' ilclli'cii'il ill a sniillu'ily iliii'ilimi, mill ilirmii,'li Ihc Siniiis nl' Kiica tn ;iin i'licilic, Icilil lit I'llll'l'" lli;ni|i,'|| ViiiicmiVi'r Islaml, was llml it was in >i rlllv airfss In Iht |missc sinus In llli' iniliviinl nl' llii' "llii (lavallil tlirmi'jli llm Simiis nl' i-'iiiii. .'. Ill Mil tM'i' til llii' lil'tli <|ii('s|inii, I ilcrlai'i' as al'iircMiiil that (lival liiilaiii tlirii lii'M itlitish iiiiliia, ii|> In iiaralli'l nl ilm iimili latilinli' ."irio' am! Vaiii'niiM'i' Islaml. II. Ill miswiT In ihc sixlli ([iii'slimi, 1 ilcclaii' as arnvcsaiil thai, il' llii' I'lci' iiavipilimi nl ,!a' straits III iiiljai'i'lll rliaiilii'l was iml i;iim'aiili'nl In (lival ISrilaiii. arri'ss rmilil mily lir scriirril iiikI nlitiiiiii'ii lliMM' ]iiisscssinlis liy ships Ljiiili;,' In tlu' wcstwaiil nl' Vllllcniivcr jslmnl. Ami lis ri'i;arils llin.sii '■i>~iniis nil llii' ciiast III' lliiiish ( 'nliiiiilila lii'iwi'cii liii' ."ilsl ami UMli |iiivalli'l. acci'ss wmiiil liiivi' tn •llllilll llirnii'-;li a sliail uliirli is imrirali' ami ditliriilt nl' iia\ iualimi, liy ivasmi nl' the sIiciil;!!! nl' If liilrs, ami aiiiiiisl iiii]ivarlirali]i' I'nr sailiii'^ m'sscIs. 7 iiiiii S. Ill aiiswi'i' In ihi' srM'iiih mill ci^rjiiji i|ii(.,,ii(iiis, I ilrrlavn as armcsiiiil llial, wlimi lli<^ itv wiis si;;ii('il in .Iiiiii' l.siii, mill ini'vimis in ihal ilali', llic climiiii'l uliicli uas kiinwn ami iiscil by •I'ls aiiiniiiisl ihc islamls In! iiiiii;4' ihc arclii]ii'la^;n lii'lurmi Viiiirnincr jsjaml ami tliii rmililU'iit tn t^nii'-> In ilir Diiiiiiiiimi nl' (livaL jititiiiii iiiirih nl' till' 4'.Mli |iiiriillc'l, was ihc SiraiLnl' linsiivin. ami ilili; I'l niily. as il was llimi llm niily sillAfycil cliaiincl. '1. Ill iiii.swi'r In llii' niiiili i|iii'stinn, I (li'diim iis ai'mv.said tliiit. ]ir('\iiais tn tliii si^iniii^' of tlio il\ ill .\.li. IS4ii, ami alsn al llial liinc, tlm mily cliuiini'l kiinwn In In- iiii\ iL,'iilil(' aiiimij;st tlii^ islnmjs iiiiim ilii' m'('hi]it'lai,'n liclwi-cii Viiiicmivcr Islaml ami llin rniilincnl, was tlu' Strait nl' linsarin. Ami I ili'rliii'c as iit'nri'saiil lliat, (^\cii simi' lliirn Siniils has licrii fully siiiAcyi'il, I cmisidin' iiviii Sli.iil as a niiicli sal'iT cliaiiiU'ri'm' a sailiiiy:-slii|), in |iassiiiL; I'ilhcr rimii the .Sirails nl' l''iii'a, tn (iiilr ill' ( li'nryi.i. nr I'nr il sailiiiji-sliip passing,' I'miii ihc ( liiH' nl' (Icmj^ia tn the .St rails nl' Kiiwi, ■iiiiicli IIS the linsarin Slniit liiis ynnil iiiiclimiij;(' lliiniijjliniit ils entire lciij;tli, aiiil has iiinrc ic^^'iilm' r> lliiiii llarn Stiails. The aiirlinra^ic in Ham Sirail is IhuI, mi m rniiiil nl' the nival depth nl iis ui's, mill the iric.niilarily ami sIiviil;i1i nl' iis lidcs. The iiiiviuatimi nl" Jliirn Strait, iimrenvcr, is mai'lnved as a ui'iBuli iiiipi'ilcd liy iiiiiiiermis small islands and rucks. ■ limiii;4all llic lime lictwecii A.n. |S:!7 and the year \.ii. |.'-!|:!. I was in ciimniaml. as armesaid. nl' lie cmiiiiiaiiil III' ''"'■-B'' 'l"'l^""''< Hay Cniiipany's steaiiiov " I'lcavcr," and I was in the hahit nl' takiiin the said stemncv iiiiisnii, i'lvilish I'lil""- ■"■"'■ '"ii'f cNcry year diiiiiiL; Ihal pcriml I'mni I-'mt Sim|ismi in l.ani^ley mi the Fiascr iliver, and ^iiillii'licc III Nisipially-rneel Smind ; and I'miii Nisipially lunk ai^ain In Lmi^dcy and I-'nrl Sinipsmi, l-'uca In Kiascv llivi'i •'"'I tlics •easimis I always |iiisseil thrniieh IJnsaiin Snails, as il was then the mily surveyed \\\ ve'asmi I'll!' lint l«-»""i''l hclweeii Kiira Sliail and the (Iiill'iir llenifiia. lel iliin'.i'^li Hai'i J^H'-W -^ii'l I, Wiiliam Henry Me.Veill, almve named, snleiuiily decline lliul the i|iieslions hereinlierme llic wl'.nic 111' ihi* l'"^f'"'''' '". iii'i' cnnlaiiicil in Ihc jiapcr writinij marked Z. prndiu'cd and slmwn to nil! ill the time nl' .; the milv cliaiiiu'l kiiBkin'^ this decliinitimi, and llial I make the, almve statements con.scieiitimisly liclicvin;.;' the smiu! In he wiili sc il'aviii;^' uit'H *■''■ And liy virtue nl' llic jirnvisinns nf iiu Act miide and jiiissed in the sixth yeiir of the rei,un nl' mill rrmii Ihcnic till '"B^^Iii.ii'sly Kiiii; William 1\'. intituled "An Act In vepciil an Act nf the present Sessimi nf I'lv mid :!ic was ciiil'''w'i'ii|ii'iil. iiililuleil mi Act I'm' the ninrc ell'ectiial .Mmlitimi of Dallis and AMiriiialimis taken ami II 'Ni ipi;dl.v-l'ii.-''''^"'W''' '" ^'"''ii'ii"* I'cpmlmcnis of the Stale, and In siilislilule l)cclaratiiiiis in lieu tlierenf and I'nr the lli,.,i„,_;li ll'mn Siniii-«''i^ ''iitin' sii|)prcssinn nf volnnlary and c.xlra-judiciid Oaths and .Mlidavils, and to make ntlier :.] slihiirasleis iriuliii^Bvisiuiis fur the Aiinlilimi of uniicccssarv Oaths." ■ (Sioned) WILLIAM II. McNHILL. .si I'acitic I 'nasi f"','";r vV service al Stckilil| „ thelirc lill l^il'.' steamer " I'lCaver, eUudsnii's r.ayCi.wi' Make, III ihc ' II'' re I'lVci'lual Al'i'liii': lie, and In sllliMiUi' 111 eNliajiidii'i'il (i,!;; Im," lln hcieliy ccili;' nli,,iicil all I ciiut I have c.illscil tin: IT HIJAKI.. _ Ac/"'.'/ •'''"''" i, lieieimlo allailii'i . ,,;■ llrilish t 'llllilll' is nil thi.V of oa- he lime nl making lie of r.rilisli t'lto- Dedavod al Victn Iti'iiilicr, 1S7L the I' if I'.ritisli ('oliimliiii, Domiuimi of L'miaila, this 27tli day of r>efnre mi fSit-iied) .,1 liy vessels, ami I 'l Vauc-ouver IsliUKli'iif M. W, Tvi.'wiirn' ni;\Ki;, Xdliirii I'lihlic. Apptndis. F 2 Appendix. m t! ; V 1 'I ;}2 TO all tn whom tlieso prospiits slinll roim-, I, ^Icintiii;iii' Willimii Tvrwliiii Hmkc, «i' ilic ciiv,; ■ jf,,,,,!,! | Victdria, rroviiicccil' I'liiiisliCdliimliiu, Doiiiiiiinii nl' Cuiiailii, N'oliiry I'lililicilulv iMliiiiltcil ami |ii;i(iisii, Bijiii.^ in jmi'siianci! dI' an Acl nf rarlianicnl iinnlc ami jiasscd in llic si\lli vcar (il'llif icinn nl' l|i< .Mnji-.siy Kii, I - .. William tin; Fcau'lli, inlilulcil "An Act tn ri']ii'al an Act (iltlic |iifscnt session cif i'ailiunont, iniiml, B mis s'ii'ii 'An Ai't lor the more clVcctnal Aholition of Oaths ami AHiimations taken and made In vaiious l'c|iai ■ ■,,,|,||||,,'!i( nients of the Stale, and to sidistitnte l>eclariitions in lien tliereol', and I'of the more entire sn|i|iressiiiii , ■,', |.fss"t(i volutUary and exti-a-Jndicial Oaths and Allidavils, and ( ke othef proN isicais for tlu' •^I'dlitiun ,;|^||,|||,|,,| ' '.<. \ Tic:iiy ill [firiiaiii; t And lllrli sal'i r till' a Si ;is 1^1 11 1(1 i jiiiiiiriiLii^ iiii'iiLrtli ( isliiiiils am III til iuTtd ]■' ln"ii' iicca.- Ill A.I ivci, and itniits nil I 111 A.li lie. and I'lKSl'll tl iii(iiiiici' '■ ( ;wT li'ivi -M'll .■iiid .Uid !, illv cnlita loliiriiiioii. viriiic of nlli;iiii the II Alt for iciit^ef llie iiilarv an unnecessary Oaths,' " do herehy certify that, on the t' herennto annexed. Dated ill Victoria, the :.'7th dav of Se)ilendier a.h, 1S71. (Si-nedi .^I. \y. TVitWlIITT DIIAKK, Ao/ro'// /v./,/;,'. I liovnhy poi'tify that ^Montatriu^ 'William Tyvwhitt Drake, whose sii;iiatnvo is herennto attiu Imj : a Notary I'uhlic, duly admitted and jiraclisini; in the City of \'ictoria. I'rovinee of j'.iitish Coliuiiii Doniiniuii of Canada. Ill testimony wlk-'vof i have herennto set inv hand and ollicial seal, this Ith dav of Oitnl, A.D. 1871. (Si}i;ncil) CnA'iLi;:^ t!om\ This is the ]ia]ier wvitin;,' marked I!, shown to Henry Slye Mason, at the time of niakiii'.; Declaration, iiid therein referretl to on thu 2!Hh day of lSe|ileiiilier, 1S71. I'etore me : (Signed) M. W. TYitwiiirr DiiAKi:, Ae/((/7/ J'nl'lic. (B.) 1, William Mitchell, of Victoria, Vaneoiivev Island, in the I'rovinee ol' llritish Cnlum' Dominion of Canada, Master Mariner, do solemnly ami sincerely declare, and slate as follows: — 1 .im si.xty-ei.elil years of at,'e. I hecame a Master Mariner in IS.'il, and have lieeii lai tlic \iii:Wiiii'<' constantly em|iloyed in ]iassai;es from \'ic'oiia to Fraser lli\ci.;: hack ni,'ain ; from Coliimliia I'ivcr lo Fraser lliver, and hack attain; and from Nisiiiially-I'iiuei .">" to Fraser liiver, and liack a^'ain ; and tradinj,' generally helweeii those ports as well as soiiietiiiu- Honolulu and Sitka, and other hetweeii ports on the North-west Pacific Coast. And wlii'iicvi r : vessel 1 was in had occasion to uo |Vom the Slrait.s of Fiica to the (inlf of (leoi;!_'ia, or hack linln ' Ciiilf of (leori,'ia to the Straits of i'nca, she always passed ihroiiLrh liosario Straits as the only ll known naviualile channel. As lale as the year LS;")."! I had occasion to )iilot a vessel from Victoria to N'i.siinally, ainl li 4Vis([nallv to Nanaimo, and from Nanainio to Victoria, and Imtli in ■.'oiiii; to Nanainio and rciiiin, therefrom made use of liosario Strait as the hest known chaniiel. Trevious to lK4ti there was only mie channel known to lie iiaviuahl(>, and that was the Hi'm; Straits. Ill the year 1S4l), to the hest of my knowlcih.ic, informatiim, and hclii'f, no chart of llaroSt soumlin;,'s existed. The chart in use «as thai of liosario Strait only, and from sonndiii;.;s made hy A'anconvcr. lieferriii"' to the cpiestions snlimitted to me relative to the lioundary line referred to in the 'IV.:' of ()re,!L,'oii, in answer to the first (ineslion I declare as aforesaid - 1. That ahonl J.S4."i and lS4ii the Hudson's Hay Coiiipany had a Settlement at l,aiij.'lcy. cir. Fraser liiver, and the said Settlement exiio ' .>ince 1S1.'7 or |,Si!,S. 2. In answer to the second iniestiiai, 1 declare as aforesaid tint tiadiiiLr-vessids or nllicr >' eonimnnicated with the Settlement of Laiiuley from foreign parts, and ti'oiii the settlements i Columliia liiver, or its neiiihbiairhood, hy the Straits of 'iosario anil the (liilf of (ieoryja. ;!. In answer to the third ipiestion, I declare as aforesaid that, to the hest of my kimw inha'nmtion, and hclief, l.anuley, on the Fraser liiver, was settled ahont the year IHl'7 or ISJS. •4. In answer to the fourth (piestion, I declare as aforesaid i'.ial, ahout the time of the iicL'nti^i' of the Treaty of .lune liS4li, the coninion oiiiiiion as to the oliject of (Ireat liritain insisting,' lai tlic-t ]iarallel heinj,' dellected in a scailherlv direction, and tlinaij;li the Straits of Fiica to the Pacific, in* of euttim,' throiifih \'aneonver Islaiul, was, that it wa,. to secure access to her ]iossessioiis to the n:' ward of the 49tli parallel throuc;h the Straits of Fnca. .">. In answer to the filth i|iicstioii, I decliire as aforesaid thai (Ireal liritain t!;cn liciil Hi Columhia ii]) to ]iarallei of north latitude ■'A 4il' anil N'ancouvcr Island. (1. In answer to the sixth cpiestioii, I declare as aforesaid that, if the free navigation of the Sr and adjacent Channel was not gnaranteed to (Ireat P.rilain, access could only he .secured and el'i^i'' to those jiossessions !iy sliijis f^'oiiij; to the westward of X'aneoiiver Island ; and as reoards those]"" siolis on the coast oi' Ih'itish Colnmhia, hetween the ."ilst and 4'.ltli parallel, access would liiive !■ IVelarc: ij'lellllicl-, || fSil 'Oall t| !l"ri:i. li^iiiu' III! Jl.:jevly l''lilelil, i| ill \'iirij 'III ire i'HIS fiJ . {lei'soil iiiKu aiinl iili llie sa >l liiallil III faith iraliiiii I'ateil ilk 1 lierehvl I'v I'll! i'lii"ll off III tesliil |Kl. iSlil '\ 33 akf, ( iiiiviunliini liy vtMsini of ilic siivii;jtli ol' llic ili'il 1111(1 imii'iisiii ■lilies, (■ \\\< Miijcsiy Kill: I 7 mill M. In iiiiswiT tn tlic si'viMitli ami ci^'litli i|Ui'sli(iiis, I (Iccliin' iis ulniisniil tlmt, w lirii ilif Tii'iil v iiili.iiiii'iil, iiiliuili luiis sifjiu'il ill .luiii' lH4(i, 1111(1 |ii('viipiis 1(1 lliiii (lute, llic ('liiiiiiiol wliicli was Uimuu uml usi'd liy m'sscIs ill viiviiiii>( lli'l«ii'-HiiiiiiiiiL,'st llii' islands runniii:,' the Aivlii|iclaL;ii, liclwci'ii N'micmncr's Maud ami llir ( 'niiliiicii!. in yri utile sii)ilircssinii 1. ■,nii'ss 1(1 llic (liiiiiiiiiiiiis 111' (Ircat Hi-iliiiii iimlli uT tlic I'.llli |iai,dli'l, was iIh' Stiail nl' lln-ai in and lliat ir tlic Aliiiliiiuii <;lc'|iiiiiii('l mily, as il was llicii llic coily siir\cvcd ( 'liaiiiicl, ciiUic lUid iili|ii';ii' :■ '.'. In iiiiswcr In llic niiilli i|iicsliiin, I dci-larc. as aloicMiid llial, picvinii, in ihr ^iLtnin;,' nl' tlic ■xcil, liciii;j; a jiciv HThmIv ill lS4ii. and also at llial time llic nnly ( 'lianiicl knnwii In lie na\iuali|c aiimnLisI llic islands d WiUiiini Minlii . ■Imiiiihii,' llic Aicliipclaijn licluccn N'micniivcr Island and llic Cnnlincnl was llic l.'nsarin Sliait. iiiaUcis and lliiii. I And I rnillicf say lliiil, even since ilai'n Slrail lias lieeii t'lilly sui'vcycd I mnsidci- Ii'nsaiid Strait ii lucli siil'iT Clianiud I'nr a sailiii,i;-.--lii|i in |lassin^ either I'vniii llic Straits nl' Knca In the ( lull' nl' (iciiii^ia, lave eiuised llir si .Hqi' I'd' a sailing,' slii]i iiassiiiL;- rrmu tlie t lull' nl' ( iiviiyia tn tlic Straits nl' l''iiea, inasniiieli as li'nsarin Strait > .,;iiud iiiiilinia^'c tliiniijiliniit its entile Iciiutli. and I'as iiinre regular tides than Main Straits. The iiiiliiiriii;e in llain Stiail is had nil aeeniint 111' tlic ureal (le|itli nl' its waters and the irrcmilarily mid ' Ul'AKl'". Blii'ii','tli nl' its tides. The iia\ i,L;atinii n|' Ilarn Strait, iiinien\er, s iiiiich iiiiiieded hy iiiiiiiemns small .Xdliiri/ /V'Wu'. ^Iiiiiils and rneks. Ill the lie,i,'iniiiii,Lr nl' tli(^ year .\.li. \S'M, 1 reenlleet niakiiiLC a vnyajjc as First ^[atc rrniii Cnluiiihiii ifr 111 KriLser Kiver, and llieiiec hiick tn the ( 'nlmnliiii li'ivci' in the liari|uc " X'aiienini'r," and mi iiM' iii'ciisinns she pa.sscd and re|iasse(l tlii'niii,di linsarin Straits. Ill .\.li. ]S4l', I maih^ two vnyayes in the .selmnner "Cadlinrn," rrnm Cnlninhia liiver to Friisei' ivi'i.aiid relimied to the Coltlliiliia liiver in the "Cadhoro," and iiassed and lejia-.i-d tlirnii;,di linsario itniiis on thesi! voya-ics. Ill A.li. 1S4l', I made a vnya;,'!' I'miii Cnliiniliia l;i\ertn Kraser h'iver in the " Cadlinro" as l-'irsi xw. and returned t'roin l''ra.ser IJiver to the t'nliiinliia llivei', and nii these neiasimis I passed and Hissoil tlii'oll,i,di h'nsarin Strait. And lietween .\,|i. ISIl'aiid ISdli, I inade several \nya,i,'es in the liiiuiier " Cadi lorn " as Kirsl Mate I'roiii Cnliiinhia lii\erand X'ietnria to Nisipially and Lan^lcy on the iisii' lliver, and theiiie retiirncd tn \'ietnria and Cnliiiiihia IJiver, and nii such neeasiniis I alwavs SMil and ie|iassed throiiLrh IJosaiio Strait, as it was tl nly then known ('lianncl. .\iiil I.AVilliain Mitchell, aluive-nanicd, snlcninly deelaic that the i|iiestions hercinliernre rel'ericd ;iiv iiiiitaiiied in the paper writiiiL; inarked /. prndaeed and shown to me at the time of inakiiij; this iirjiinitiiin. And that 1 make the aiinve statements ennseieiitioiisly, liclicvini;' the same to he true; and viniie 111' the |iriivisiiins nf an Act made and passed in the sixth year nl' the reiun nl' Mis Majesty Kiiij,' illiiim llie Kniirth, intituled " An Act In repeal an Act nf the ]ii'csenl Se.ssinii of Parliament, intituled II .Vet fur the iiiore ell'cetnal ^'vlmlitioii oI'Daths and .\lti;iiiatiiins taken and made in various Deparl- ■iitsuf the State, and to siihstitule 1 )celaralioiis in lien thcrciif, and for the liinre entire su]iprcssinn nf iliiiiliiry and extra-judicial Oaths and Allidax its. and In make other provision-^ I'm- the .Vliolitinii nf iii'i'i'ssarv tjatlis.' " (Si-ned) WILLIAM .MrnilKLL. Vlipcni'lT. heienntn attailml, of I'lrilish Cnhiiiii^ 4tli (lav of Dil.iU time nl' niakiih; of r.ritisli Cohiui' lie as foUdWs :— ve lieeli nil llic ^'"'' iidsoii's r.ay ('uiiii'ii!;; i;i to Krascr liiM'v.a; Nisiiually-l'ii.irci ^'"■■ s well as snliiellllii-;| I. And whcncvii ■oivia, ("' '""''^ ''■"'"; 1 rails as the "nl.v ''• to Xisiiiially. iimlli" Naiiaiiun and rci"'" nd thai was the II'--' no (diavl nf Hare* e liv A'aiicouvcr. lefi'vred tn in tlu' Tv-' I, .111 at Laii;_dcy. mi _.-\essels nr nllicv > I,' the settleliiciltsi'U ifticoieia. l„.st of niv kii'Avl ,ir IS-iT (IV IS-JS. time of the neiieli'i-'J tain insisting; on ll>''^1 ueii to llic I'acili''. m-'J possessions to till' 11 '■ Uritaiii thin held hi-- i navi.Lraliou of tl»'*'^ |„. secured and "I'';'' ,1,1 as rei^ards tliuse p-^ , access would hiui Iti'flareil at Victoria, in the rroviiice of liritish ( 'nlnmlaa, I >omiiiioii of Canada, tliw 27tli (la\ of |]'lillllier. I ST I. Hefoiv iiie : fSiuned) M. W. Tviiwmri' Di!aki;, X(i/((ri/ /'I'li/ir. 'I'tt nil to whom these r.vf-sents .shall come, I, ^rontaL'iie William Tyrwhitt Drake, of the City of tt"ii;i. I'rnvince of I'ritisli Cnlumhia. Dnmiiiinii nf Canada. Nntaiy I'lililic, duly iidinitted and miMiiu' ill ]iiirsiiaiice nf all Act i>\' Parliament made and ]iasseil in the sixth year of the rci,i;ii of iM/ji'sty Kiui;- William the Koiirlh, intituled " An Act to re|ieal an Act of the present session of li.'iiieiil, intituled ' An Act for the ninre ell'cciiial Alinlilinii ni' Oaths and Alliiiiialiniis taken and ■ ill various 1 lepartiucnts of the Stale, and to siihstiliite I lerlaratioiis in lieu thereof, and for the 'iitire Suppression of N'oluiitary and Mxlra-jiidicial <>allis and .\Hidavits. and to make ntlier li-i'iiis for the Aliolition of nnneecssary Oaths,' " do hereliy certify that, nii the day nl' the date "I, licrsunallv eaiiie and ajipeared hel'ore me dolni Swaiison, named and desrrihed in the Declaration fiiiil'i annexed, licinu a ]iersoii well known and worthy of u'nml credit, and hy solemn Declaralion, Idi tile said .loliii Swaiisi a then made hefore me, did solemnly and siiiceiidy declare to he line the |n:il iiiattcvs and lliiii^'s i a'litioned and cniitained in the said aiinexcd Dcelaratinii. hi I'iiilli and tcslinio::,! wherenf 1 have set my hand and seal nf ollice. and have caused the said Jhwtiiiii In he hereuntn annexed. I':it('il in Vietnria the 'JTtli dav of Seiitemher, .\.i). 187L (SinneiP M. W. TVIIWHITT DPAKK, Xiituni Piihlic. 1 liiTchy eeitifv that Montncrue William Tyrwhitl Drake, whnse sii^iintnre is heveunlo altuched, is 'vv I'uhlie, ilulv admitted, and iirnetisint; in the Cilv of N'iiloria. Pro\iiiee of P.ritish Colunihia. fiiiiiuii of Canada. Jill ti'stiiiii.iix' whereof 1 ha\c licieiiiilo set mv hand and -eal of ollii e this Ith dav of Oeloher, IKI. iSii^ncd) CiiAi!i.i:s (1 III 11), I'llonidI Sirrf/iir//. P Append I I itl 34 Tliis is till' ]in)ior wriliiii; niaikcd (', sliowii to TIciiiy Slyo Mnsnii nt tlic timo oi' liis niakii l)('(liiriili mill tlicrt'in vct'i'iTcil to, mi ilii' I'Htli diiy nl' Scpicmlicr, 1S71. I'.cli (Si.ilM'll') Af. W. TvitwiiiTT DiiAKi:, Xnlin-ii l'vl>li: l,.lol 111 SwiMisdii, ii\ \'ii-t ill;l, \ iillicillVi'r Ishiiid, in llic rrnviiicc 111' I'liilisli ('uliiiiiliiii, |)i I SlillU, 111 IiiikI Kxt lOatl's'" Hit "IIIIIK r.r Cauiulii, Miistfi- Maiiiirr, dn suli'iniilv uiid siiii'crclv dcclaiv as lollnw.- I I lavc lifi'u a Mash.r .Ma ■iiiici' till' vcar ISri."i, and lia\i' lici'ii in llic fliijildyiiiciit nj' Hiidsnn's I'.ay ('iiiii]jaiiy mi liuar sliiiis tiadinu nii ilir Nmlli-wi-it I'aiilic ('nasi, siiicu llic year 1X-|'.' llii' iiifsi'iil tinii', as a naiiliral man and niariiii'r. lli't'i'iTiiii; III lilt' iiiicslimis snliinilU'd in me ivlativc to ill' il' ()ii';,'mi, ill aiiswfi' In llic lirsl (|ni'slicin I dci'larc as al'iiri'sai' ivlativi' to till' lioundaiv liiii' ivli'ivi'd In in tlieTi 1- 1. That, aliiiiii l,S4."i and l.S4(l, llif Iliidsmi's l!ay Cniiipaiiy liad a sfitlciiicnl at I.ani^l I'V, (111 I. iMscr liivcr, an d tliu said sulllunii'iit existed siuei' ISlJT nr iSliS. 1 aiiswi'i' tn till' si'i-niiil (|iu' slimi, I dei'taie as alori'said tliat, iili tn 1S4.'i and lH4(i, HikIm lay Cnniiiaiiy s sliips, hmiinl Irmii H nllnlllln, 111 llie Saiiihvii-li Islands ; tVniii Knrt VancouviT, Cnliiiiiliia I'ivi'r; and San I'Vaiiciscn and Siika, In Lannlcy, Jiassnl llinaivdi Fnca Straits an I'll III II IIim:.] Si rail. \h n vi'sscls tiadllij,' nrlwirii Knit X isi|ually and l.aii.uli'V used In ]ias.- tliroili,'Ii I'nsariii Sti;. Also vessels Iradinu lielweeii \'ietiaia and l,aii.^lev used In pass llinaiiili iiosarin Stniit. In answer tn tlie lliiid i|iieslimi, 1 dei-li re as al Hvsaid tlial, tn tile host n|' my kiinwln luhii'iiiatinn, am lielier, .an,i;lev, mi tlie l-'rast'r !i'i\er, was settled almiit tlie year I.S27 or IHliH. 4. Ill answer In llie Inilllli i|iieslinii, | d. elare as atoresaii I tliat, alioiit the time nl' the neirdli; nl' ilie Treaty of dune lS4ii, the emnmnii n{>iiiimi as tn the nlijeet of (J real I'ritain insisting; on ihc 4:> ]iarallel heiiiLr dellreted in a smitherly direrlimi, and ihrnii.n'h the Straits nt' Kiieii to the I'aiilic, in-'. il' eilllillL; thriilluh \'aiieiiii\er Islaliil that il was tn seriire aeeess tn her ] ins.sessinil-- In linrlhward nt the 4'.ltli ]iarallel. tlimnuh llie Straits nl' Kiie "i. In answer tn the liltli i|iie.slinii, I deelare as alnresaid that (ireat I'liilain then Coliimhiii ii|i to parallel of iimili latitude .")4' 4(1', and \'aii -miver Island. il 111 li. 1 1 I answer tnll le Sixth i|lleslinil, I (h'ehl al'nresa'd that, il' the free iia\ i,L,'atinii of thi'."^!!: and adjaeeiil ehannel was imt ;^iiaraiiteeil to (ireat I'ritain, aeeess eniilil only lie .seeiired and nlit.i tn tlio.se po.s.sessimis liy slii|is uoin.u to tin' westward nf Vaueonver Island; and, as re^'arls i! . (Lssessiniis on the coast of I'liilish Coliimliia lietweeli tin st and 4'.ltli iiarallel, aeee.s.s wm'ld liav lie sniiiilit tlirniiL;li a Strait wliicli is inlrirate. and dilliriilt nf naviyiitinii hy reason of tlie sini the titles. TO »; liritisli Mill Ml r Jll- Will ^(t fur ll f lllr Slat biTiiiiilex )atlis." (ill Ui'.Viilliler 'I'll kiiiiMi iiidcrsoii 1 liii,;.'> liieli; III fail |li'l'i'ila"ii i;i 111 iiiir i lii'ii'li 111', duly liiii'lii. Ill ti'stii ,1871, 7 and S. Ill answer to ihe .seveiilh and einlilh i|iii'slimis, I deelare as aforesaid that, when llie TiB ,., ■ ■ I :.. I .oi,' 1 .'......,'. 1..', 1 1 ...i.:..i 1 1 11 ■ lIlIMN I was siuned in ■lime 1X411, and |irevioiis to that date, the iliannel whieli was known and used hy v aiiiiinLrsl the islands furminu the Areliiiielauo lielweeii N'aneonver Island and the ('mitiiii'iii, i- to the Uomin I'la-i if (Ireat I'.rilain, mirlh of llie d'.Hl I iiariillel, was I'l nllh d it was then the oiil V sllI'M'Veil eliaiim the Snail of 1 insariii. iiii'i ' '.I. In answer to the ninth i|nestiiiii, I deelare as aforesaid that, previmis loihe sii;iiiii,L;' nf llii'T:, in lM4ii. and also at that time, the only ehannel kiinwii tn he iiavi,L;alile ammi.ust the islamU l"i:, the Arrliiiu'la'iii lielweeii \'ani'nii\i'r's Island and llie ('miliiieiil was the Strait nf I'osarin. M And I liirther drelaie as aforesaid thai, in the end of the vear 1S4l! or from N'aneniiM'i', mi the (• iliia i; ii'i^inniii'; I 'f 1st:!, I to Xisniiallv, mi I'lliiet Soiiiid, and the vessel I liiMlimi, C'^i^ linilli];'. Il, tlieiiee towed thrniit,di llnsaiio Straits hy the Jliiilsnn's Hay ('nm]iany's sti ii'iiver, iiliil 11' sailed tlirmiuh (inlf of (1 and •lohnstnii Strait to Sitka, and returned therefrom ihroiiLjh .Iiiliii-^i"ia'iii I,' Strait and llnsarin Strail tn N'ietmia Diiriii;^ the years ISd.'S and IS 14 I made se\eral trijis in the se looiier " t'lldlioro, ' I'lniii Vii'ti'iiil Lnn.nley, tliroiii.;li Iiosarin Sirait, and haek iv^Mw from Laiij^dev to Vieinriii IlirniiLdi i! wii 'eeu|iie(l ^feiierally in makin n^pii.ssed ihroiiLtli Jiosarin Straits ',' siieli \ova''es diirini'' those two vears, and we al ways p; !i:|"'l,'i,i,'ii. To the liest of my reeolleetimi, in 1X4.") I made a \nyaj;e in the liaii|iie ■ \aiieniiver." I'l- (A)luiiiliiii iliver tn Fort Laiiifley tliroim'li llosario Strait, and luiek aj,'aiii to X'ietmia III tlu^ year 1S4(!, to the liesi of my knnwled.ue. infnrmatimi, and lielief, soiindinjis existed. The eliart Vancouver. lart of Hill" ise was thill of li'osiirio Sirait oiilv, and frmii siirvevs m.v I'rcvimis tn I84li, tn llie liest nf niv kiinwled^e, iiil'nrmatimi, and helief, iin sailiii'4-\i's,-i'l, Il thrnii'^h llarn Strait iinde il. If ntlier saililly 'al'arin; man on the Noil i-we.il I'aiilirl on the oi'i'iision III the "Cadlioro. wei )irevioiis to lS4ii, passed i1ii'iiiil;Ii Ham Slrail, I. should, in all ]irnlialiility, have heard of il. The one iieeasinii nil which the "Cadlinrn" passed I liiiiii;:li Harn Sliiiitwasin IS4:!, ami -!:■ was cariii'd by the tide in a calm, mi her passage frmn l-aii'.^ley In X'ietmia, into Haro Strails ere then olili;;eil tn avail niii'sel\es nf the serviies of all Indian We nie( Willi as a pilot, as w ■ I. Ill an 1 M lll|,;l|| 1 - Ill ai ': ;i'"::le, 1 ■..-., |;i .'l;i. .'i [i, .,, II ail III aiil ' lu- I'luirt 1 IV winch to naviuale. And I, .lohn Sv wanson alinve-naiiied, snleiiinly deelare that the i|ues! inns lieiviiilielnic 'el I'l'iH' contained in the ]iapei' wriliiii,' miirked / shown in me at the time of niakiiijj: m!-; i)i'claraiinii,i'ii'l am' liv virtue I, I 1 ,i- 'ii">a f'i mak(^ the aliove statements •ieiitionslv lii'lievinu the same In he true of an Act made and ]iiissed in the sixth year of ihe rei,i,'n of Jlis .Majesty Kim,' William tar intituled "An Act to re|ieal an .\el of the present session if J'arliameiit, iiililuled 'An Ail All Ai'i fl ji'.ily I'll I'l'ill;,; S't' tliroii' ll'l, ill aiil ij'ia ii|, r 'll IIII'I MlTlll jjj-jve elfeeliuil Al" if Oaths and .\lliiiiial imi- lakeii :iiid made in val'imis I tepailiiieir (,f his uia1imiiii: • iiuH^ U\i' yr.w \M-1- 35 Istnti', iiud to .sulj.stitutu I)t'clMiatii)iis in lirii tlu'runi', iiiul Inr tin: uioru oiilirc Sii]i|ir(>ssiiiii of Voluiitiiry Jiiml Kxtnijudicial Oullis and Atlidavils, and to niaku otliur jn-uvisions lur tliu Abolition of nnnect'ssavy lOali'^*.'" (Siync'd) dOHX SWANSUX. Ik'ciared at Victoria, in lliu I'lovmcu of liritisli Culuniitia, JJuuiiuiun ol' Canada, llii^ 27lli day |(,f iji'lilemlifr, 1S7J. IJei'oiu nil' : (.Si>,'nud) M. W. TviiwiinT 1)i;aki;, Xuliifi/ J'/ihlii . wed to in tlu' Ih; il at l.ani^li'V. nil TO all to wlioni llii'.-.c incsciit shall conic, I, IJolicil i'Muiii .laiksmi, dl' ilic cilyof ViiKilia, i'io\incf' iliilisli Cohiiiiliia, ill the i)(aiiiiiioii of Ciiiwida, Notary I'liMic, duly adiiiillcd mid )ivaclisinj.', in iiiMiiinrc of an Act of Parliament made ami jiasscd in the sixth year ot the ivi^n ol' Mis Majesty 11',' Williaii! I V, intiluli'd " An Act to repeal an Act oi' llie |iresenl session of I'arlianient, iiititnlcil an t liiv llic more etfecliial alioliliuii of oaths and atlivnialioiis l;d<( n ;;ni| made in vari(ais r>e|iiivtiiieiits ifllic State, and to sidistiliitc l)cclarations in liiai theieoi', imd for the iiioic entire Sii]i]ircssion of vohiii- ■) and lii4(i, HiuUiuHjiviiiiil extra- judicial Oaths and AHidiivits.and to niai.i:.B]fXiiiiiier t'aiiltield Andei'^on, named and descrihdl in the Declaration heivii'ilo annexeil.liein!,' a jioi'son hroULjh liosario Siivii'^i.ll lsl of niv 1 inciitioned, and coiitnined in the said annexed jlcclaratioii. IS'JT or IH2S. H 111 faith and teslinioiiy whereof I have hereiiiito set my hand anil seal of (illice. and have caused iiiie of the neLreliiUtBiiliirlii'iition to he hereunto annexed. Uated at A'ictoria aloresaid the |."ith day of Se|itemlier. in the u insistini; on llic l.'»,'i i.| uui' 'o.d, IS71. (SiM||,.,|) K'oj'.T. K. .lAcKSOX, .\'i>/„n/ J'lihlir. , to the I'acitic, ith' her ]iossessions t.. ::l ain then ludd I'.i;'-^ I i|,,|.,,|,y ,.,.]iiiy that Itohert Kdwin Jackson, whose .si.uiiatiire is liereimio attached, i.-, a Xolaiy V, duly admitted and iiractisiiii; in the city of A'icloria, I'loviiiee of liritisli ( oliiiiiliia. ilominiiai of lavi.^atioii of the Sli.; e, swnred and olitiii ; anil, as re.Lsar h i! !el, access woe'.d ll;l^• ■ason of lla' ■^ll■'■"-■ id ihat.wheii llic T. iwii and iisi'd liv V. \ the Coiitinem. i" . nail of llosario. ;iiM ihe si'4iiin;4 "'' ''"' '' uosl the islaiaN l"i; ,,f Kosario. ..iniiiii'; of l^' t.'i, I - Tthe vessel 1 was m IT •• lieaver," and ll'^ refroiii thnaeali •'"ln'-j 'adhoro," from Vidviil uon-h l!o- ■> Stwf" 1,1 we always pasMM ,„. ■ Vaneonvev.' Ii'> icloria. iio chart of 11.11" id from surveys in;- ,|', nil sailiii:-:-VfSsel, 1 f oilier Niilin^-vcss.J Ninth- we.it racili> 111 tcstiii'iiiy whereof I have hereunto .set liiv hand and ollicial .--eal lliis Itli dav of Octolier, 1871. (Sii^iiedj (;ii.\i:i.i;s (iiinn. Ct.ihiuiiil >:>icritari/. riii^ Is the iiapei writiiij;' marked 1>, shown to llciiiy slye ^fa.son al tliu time of lii« inukiny hi.? liiKilioii, and theiein referred to mi tin' 'J'.lth day of Se]iteiiilier, ltl71. Hefore me : (.SiLiiied) M. W. TviiWIIITT lIlJAKK, Svliirii I'uhlii.. (I'-) I. Alexander Caiillii M A'l leisoii, now oi Saauich. Vancouver Island, in llie, I'lnvilice of liriti.sll |iiiiil'iii. liominioii of ■ ' i:,' :>. ^eitler, do soleinnly and sincerely declare as follows : — mil an ex-cli' i • i !■ v, i the lliidson's Hay ('oiii]iany, and lale an a,i;ent of hlnyd'.s for the, luMiliiii River, an I i, i;;i.-'iit coasts, and from IS:!:; and IS.'i] I x\as under the several a|i|ioiiit- lil- lirjil liy nie a; ■■•■'. .'. o' he Hudson's Hay ( 'oniiiaiiy, ciailieeled fwilli the e.xce]itioii of short, i:\,iN direeth or inui;. il nitli the hiisines.s of tlii^ said ('oni|)aiiy on the Xorth-west I'aeilic tt. which hiisiness then r. air' ' their vessels fi'e((neiitly lo navii,'ale the waters of the unlf, and the Hii|«'laj,'ii. and Str.iiis iif fma. and during the .i^rcater jiorlion of the said ]ieriod, resided mi, or was :i-'.-.' cniiininnicaiioii with the N'orlh-wt'sl I'acilic Cuast. !, Ill answer to the lirsl c|uesiion I declare as afoi'esaid thai, alioiil lS4.'"palid LSfli, Ihe lliidson's f I iHliany had a sellleineiit al l.a' I' \ on the fraser li'iver. and oilier selllemeiils lii;,r|n.i' ii]i the III aiwuei lo the sceoiid i|li( siiciii. I declare as aforesaid that lradili^;-vesse|s or other craft II': ii'^';ileil with the selllemeiil ol' l.aii'^ley from l'orci,L'ii jiarls, and from the seiilenieiits of the "i.i h'i\ci' Ol' iis iici'^lilioiiiliiiod. Iiv the Straits iii fuca, the Straits nf leismio. and the (!nlf of 111 aiisuei ^iiiiliili and !' HJl" .>n,l sli.'.B^- '" '"1^"' was 111 l^^-l-:'"';' " .■t,,„v,.|'.|, the lliii.l i|iiesliiiii, I ileilaie as .ifuresaid llial, to liie hesl of my kllowledj,'u, i.aiiLjIey, on the l''ra.sei' IJiver. was seltled ahiiiit the year IS27 or IH2S, ■ fourth 1 1 nest ion, I declare as aforesaid ihal.alionl the liiue of the iie,Lrotialioll of II mviits hKm!'''''''.^ '■' •'"'" '■ ll. ■ cnmmon opiiiioii as to the olijeci ol' (ileal I'liitain insisting,' on the 41)th , into llaio . ' ^^''i ■Sl..| |,|,j||,, ,]|,||,,,.(|,,| ill a soulheily direction, Ihiounh the Straits nf |'"uca lo the Tacilic, instead of illi as a \ii o . .. W'i,'tlir(jiij.r|| Vancouver Island, was to secure acce.s.s to her |Hissessioiis to the northward of the 4',Jth leri'inoeioo >' i.'.^H.°. in ..h.m,., i., iKi. iiiili ..iii...i ir.n I il,...|,.i.. ,,.. .ir.>i.,...;i,l iIi.m i:i.,..i l'.,ii ,ii, then held Ihitish ' ' .1. •'■ I loii all'l ''■■'' '" ""~^^''' '" ''"' '''•'' M'"''-''""' ' declale as aforesaid that (ileal liiUaili then held ,^ , ^ ili'claiio ('i.'ai"^'W''''''' "'' '" 1""'""''' "' '""'"' '''li""''' -"'4 4(1', and \'aiicou\er Isliiml. y} ^ VJ'-'I] ■',' til,, ffl*' '" mister to the sixth i|iies(ioii, 1 declare as aforesaid thai, if the free lia\ieatioli o, ,lie .'■^ , 'i ,' \,, \|.t |'iirB'''i'"''''i' ('lianiiel was not uuaraiileed to (Ircal iiritain, acccs couM nidy he ohtainiMl to th • '"''",' ',,,'„'.■ I '•'■i sliipsj jfiiinii; tu the westward uf Vuneoiivcr Island ; and iis rei;ards ihosu iios.'sus.'jious .arioiis lieiiiirliiica. » ■ i o .- > o i Straits lose. s oil Appendix. I(^ ;li lilr Aiipciidix. 36 iho ((pfist nl" Hiitisli Cohiinliia, lielwi'i'u tlic ."ilst iiiiil 4'.i|li ]iiiiiillcl, acix'ss would have to lit! sdiii; llirc)ii;,'li II striiil uliirli is inlrinilc, lunl ilitlicull ol' ii:i\ ii,'iiliciii liy rciisim olllii' stn'iij,'lli ol'tlK^ tide mil 8. Ill iiiiswiT to ilii- si^vctitli iiml i iuhl I Illll'SllClllf ili'riiili' iis II I'mvsiiiil iliiit, wlini tlu^ Ti Mils siL;ii('il ill .Iniic lS4Ci, iiini iii'cvioiis In linil iliilc, llii' rliiimicl wliicli wiis liimwii iiiiil iiscil liy vessel. illilci||,!,'Sl tile isliiliils l'(iniiiii;4 till' Ari']li|irlilnii lpcl\\fcll N'llliciiuvcr Islnilii lllld tllc ('(illlilUMII, tn '.v, iiiTi'ss III (iiir diiiiiiiiiiiiis imrtli of tjii' 4'.ttli |iiiiii]lrl. wiis ilic Siniits nl' li'iisnriii, mid liiiil i.'liiiiim.'l inilyjl it Wiis tlli'll tlic iiiilv siil\r\ (Ml Clllllllll '.t. Ill iiiis\,i'r to llio ninth i|iicsiiijii, I drcliiii' us iitdri'snid tliiit, ]irc\ imis to tlir siL;niiiL;ol' tin' Tiv ill I SKi, imd iilso lit tliiit lime tlic only liiiiiiin'l known to In' niiviu'idili' iniion.iist tlif isliinds Inimiii tjir .\n-lii]icliii,'o lictwccn \'iiiicoiivi'r Islnnd iind tlic Continent of Aiiicrii'ii wiis the Strnils ol' llnsiirii. I I'lirlliev deeliive lis iil'oresiiid, the wimle tenor of my exiiel'ieiwe diiriii;,' my siiid lesideiice nn lieiil' the Xortli-Wdsl I'aeitic ( 'oust, wiis to the elleet tliiit the only reeo!,'liized ehiiniiel of ii]i|iriiiuli t| Kriiser lliver, of to tlie noil lierii |iiifts liy the iiiiiei' |iiissii^'e tliroiiuli the (iiill'of ( eoi'i'iii, WHS liv iStl'ilit.s of ItosHiio. I I'lirtiier declii iforesiiid thiit, ill the winlei' of 18.'1-1, while on mv wiiy from Foit Si iii]iMiii: the ('oliindiiii l.iver, on lioiiid the lliiilsnn's liny ('oin|mny's lifi;,' " Dfyiid," (Ji|>tiiiii Ki|ilinLr, The truck indiciited to me ii]ioii A'liiiconvei's di liv the llosiirio Strnit, tl le iisiiiil iiiiil oiiiv kiiohJ orders to toiicii iil Kort Liiiijiley on ['"liiscr IJiver. liy the niiister. nnil wliicli we |i!ii|ioscd to fol]:iw, wic cliiinnel lit thiit time. Stiv-s of wcnther iiiid the fiiiiurc of )iio\ isioiis coni|ielled us to hear U]i fcij : " Columhiii," after eiidciiMiiiiiiii,' to enter tln^ Straits of l-'iii-a wiliioiil ha\in,L;- I'lillilled our ohj tprocccdiiii; to l.iiiml ,.,■1 cv. In IS-11 Willie I was 111 cliiiivc o if tile Iluds ill's I'lay ( 'oiii|iai,y' Kstalilislinicnt at Fort Xi on l'u,i;et Sound, the I'nitcd . t; I.es' lvN]iloriii,i:; K\|ieditioii, under Coiuliioiiore, W 'I" ilks, arrivcil Coinniodcirc Willis was dcsirou.. i' towards I'laser li'iver, and on liis ■ steamer " l!ea\i'r," was sent on lioiih with tlic llosario ( 'liannel. \u'^ a survi'yiii;^' m'sscI (the " I' 111 for a pilot, one of tin 111. ir|ioise, Comiiiauder jliiiu'.'"' oi' tlie Hudson liiiv ( 'ciiiii;!,". pilot (v name I think was Wade) was aci|uaiiittd In di ■iirly in duly ISIS, having;' conducted f.ir ihe lirst time liie hriijade with the ivl from the inleiior to Fort l,aiii;le\- on Fiiiser lliver, I tra\cl|cd liy ciiuik' from that .station to Victn \'aiicoiiver Island. Crossinj,' the (iiilf of ( leoi;,'ia, we passed tliroii,i;li what lias since heeli klii'«i l'liini|icr, or .\i'live I'liss, ami then liy the Strait of llaro. This was at that lime known as thi' i;: route, as distiiiniiishcd frnii the eslalilished ship route liy the L'osnrio Strnil oi I tiic .' [ircsi tinll.'i tiicri III nil llie d l»irl„ IVcl;, to In; J tlie D( ourLi r ::nX,i J'-)iiiiii III Till Dfclarat In dulv IS."i(i, the scjiod tier " ('ill ('iiiitain Scarlior(aiu:li, arrived at l,iinj,dey durini; • there from the iui.'rinr, IniiiLtiutj' sii)i|ilies for the trade. The followinji year auollier vessel lieln oni]iaiiv 'Hie 111 li'ei'overv," 1 think), came to the nioiith of Fraser Itiver to receive our liu- ii'ar aiiv men tioii of the llaro ( 'hi ir that iiiiv ileviation from the old estiiM the ( neither case ilii tiiick had occurred. 'I'hiit as lute as |S."i|,l may di,-,iiiiclly stale my c(in\ictioii from ]iersoiial kiiiiwliMli,'e of fiich, the liosiirio Slr.iil was the iail\' aulhiiri/.ed cliaiinel of communication followed liy the vossel.-i n! Hudson's IJiiy Coiiipany. I liavi' heard, indeed, that an e.\]ieriiiiciilal trip ihroimli the llaro Stnii! on one occasion, lieeii made willi the steamer " lieaver," under ('iiptain llrotchie, at that time in:; liiit I iiuderstoiid likewise that the master was reprimanded on lliis occasion for his temerity. W (^ver the partial c\|iloriitions ihal had lieeii made at aii earlier |icriod hy the Spaniiirds, and al'tcm. liy Commander liiii,^'iold, nl' ihc I'nitcd States' Navy, the |iii.ss;iL;e was incompletely known ; iiml i; only iiflcr the survey perfnniicd under the direction of the |iresent liydronraiiher of the .\illiii; .\iliiiiriil Itichards, ill Her .Majesly's ship " l'luui|ier." tlial the capacity of the I liiro Sirail as ii cliii: of communicalinii, su]iersediii^ to some exteiil llic nil^inal route hy the llosario .Strait, wiis {iii'!:H{: leco'.riiizcil In coiiclusiou, I distiucily stiiie that, up to llic wiiiler of w lieu we were surpri.scti in adverse iiositiou then sni till: Ideiil viidviinced, no i loiilil itertaiiied liv iue,oiiinv one that I kiiii« ipiarter acipiainted with the facts, as to that iiiterpretaiion of the 'I'reaty which refers tl to the Old y slup clianucl I lieu known, the IJcsario Mrail. .Viid I the iilioxe-nanicd Ale.sander Caul .\i udersoii, soleiiiidv declare that I made IIil' My oarao t(i iiw, niici Hi tliiit ( '( 2. h. dianiu'l 11 Ws the ]( 4. In lie ithjfvi 'ml jwi'a a. Ill iji to .^4" (I. In 7. In [ll.V kllllM r Siiiiiii" stiilements conscieiilioiisly helieviiiu' the .same to he true, and hy virtue of the proxisious d iHiBli'iiilij jinij made ami piissed in the sixth year of the ri'l^ii of His .Majesty Kiiiu Will in in l\', intituled " .\ii .iS ,s. [n repeal an Act of the ]ireseiit Session of I'lirliiinicut. intituled all Act for the luoie elfectuid Almlili'^iSj;^ Jy,^; Vttiruialioiis taken ami iiiiide in various I )eiiaitiiieiils of the Stale, and to sulislitutc Pi' Oaths am lions in lieu thereof, and for tin Atlidavits, and to luakc other I'mvisimis for the .Vlioliiion nf nunc ''Sin;iicc •iilire Suppressinii of voluutary ami extrajudicial < 'iilli-Bsed.a Ii ssarv < laths. Ij Al.KXi;. C. AXItKi:>".mirt Dechired at V Suptuniljur, 1871. (SignedJ ic.uria, I roMiice o| llritish (,'oliimliiii, liominiou nf ('auiida, tl lis H'lli * aiicd ii.seij Till.' J I'lillT. K. .IacKsoN, A'c/"/7/ y'"/i//- plllH' k'liei' I'lrtiiri'i, lirilixli Culii tiilmi. I lioi'i'liy certify thai I'oliert Fdwiii diicksmi, u Iiom' siLiiiatiire is iiltaihcd to this duciilin'iid X'olary I'ulilic hy Itoyal aiithnrity, duly iiiithorizcd, admiiled and sworn, ami that he is rc«iilin'( practising,' iu N'ictoria, Province of I'.riiish Cohimliia, Domininn of Canada. (Siynuil) Cii.\i!i.i;s (loon, ('(ihininl .K'rn/nn/, Sjitaiihr L' I, 1871. iilly, ^illy h'liinl '"lliilulll '■i'llCll i Tiijc « if Hal "ir El ' part o| Anil P""'i(MUiri I ill tl |"ff thof m have to lio, siw^l.:| ill of the liili'^. ml, when tin' Tiv.it'l and ust'tl liv \i'>-i:'[ H' ('(mtilll'lll, tn Ji Unit cliiiiiii'^'l tiiily ■ si;4iiin!^ lit' llir Tiviiivl liic islnnds fi>niiii..| Slniils nt' Kcisiui" Si\i(l ivsilll'llfc nil ■•! uuu'l nf i\iiiii(i,iili : f CiMivjiiii, WHS liv:,, lV.Mii I'nvt Simi-'i:' ,l,iiu Kiiiliu;-'. wil: ,1,11 Viiucimvnsi'l. usual ami ""ly kn' ;' \ „s til 111"'"' "!' 1'"' I'nllilK'il our iiliji'i ml lit Viii'l Ni^'l"'''j Wilks, aiTivi'il tli' ('oiiniiiiinli'V Kill:-'-" Imlsun r.iiy ('mill'': lo) was aniuiuiuol": •i.^aiii' Willi tii;; '■'■""' irslalinii l" Vii'l"iM| ,as siin'o lict^ii l<»""i'j ii,R' kiniwii aslluMv:, Laiij^li'V iliiviu;^' iiO;'| i,,l„.v vrssfl lit'lHii;-'ii.f t,, ivi'civi' (Uiv liii^ I IViiiu llie iil'l >-'''l''''''' kiinwlflli;!' Ill' ''"■'"' .,1 l,v lli«^ vessels «'! ■ ,„,,U'tlu. llavi. Siniu:. \[._ at tliilt tniii' 111';;'] ,v his tciiii'viiv- .laiiii.nls, aii.l nlU'i^i ^,t,.lvkniiwii;ii"'''=; vapliev of the Aili""^J llavo Si rail »> n ™'';] avin Slviiit, wiis I'll', we were siivi'visi'il l'^'- ,,„v line tl'"l 1 '^"' , y'wliieli refers lli.'^'j ,. thai 1 liiiiil'' lli^'" ,1,,. pvdvisiniis "I ai.. IV, inlituli'il •■ All A „,..re elVeel.ial Ah" U!l ,,„a In suiislilute 1 ,1 ..Nlraitiilieial "''>'" ilhs." , ,,,, .KXK. ('. ANl»l'.l' Caiiaihi. llii> l''tl''' rhril III lllis .liK'""''" 1,1 Ihi.l 111' i'^ ''^•""''" 37 TO fill to whom these presents shall como, I, Montaftiio William Tyrwhitt Drake, Notary Public IjV Iliiyal authority, duly luithonzud, admitted, and sworn, residing and practisinj^ in Victoria, i'rovinco di' liiilish (-'olunihia, Uoniinion of Canada, in ])Ursuance of an Act of I'urlianient, made and passed in the sixth year of the reii;u of His ^Majesty Kin;,' William IV, intituled " An Aet to rejieal an Aet of the jireseut Session of rarlianienl, intituled an Aet for the more effeetual Aliolition of Oaths and Afhrnia- tiiiiis taken and niade in various J )eparlnieiits of tlio State, and to siihstitiite Declarations in lieu thereof, and for IIk; more entin; .Siijiiiression of voluntary and extrajndieial Oaths and Allidavits, and t,i iii!ik(! other jirovisions fur the Aholitinn of uinieeessary Oaths," do herehy certify that, on the day of liie dale heri^of, jiersonally eanie and a|)])eared liefore nie, llerhert (r. I^wis, named and deserihed in the ill rlaraliim hereimlo ainuixed, iK'iiif; a person well known and worthy of good credit ; and hy .solemn liiilaiatiiiii which the said Ilerliert C!. Ixiwis then made hefore me, did solemnly and sincerely declare t(i he Inie the sevepjl matters and things mentioned and contained in the siiiil annexed ] )celaratioii. In faitii and testimony whereof I have heri^unto set my hand and seal of ollice, and have caused the Declaration to be hereunto annexed. JJateil iit Metoria, the 14th day of September, in the year of our Lord 1871. (Signed) jr. W. TYKWIIITT DIIAKK, Xutmii Fi'llir. I hereby certify that Montague William Tyrwhitt Dr.ake, whose signature is hereunto attached, i; !i Xiitary Public, duly admitted and practising in the City of Victoria, Province of Uritish Coliimltia, li.r'.iiiiiiiin of Canada. Ill teslimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and official seal, this 4th day of October, A.u. 1871. (Signed) CirAKLEs Goon, Colonial Secretary. This is the paper writing marked E, shown to Henry Slyo Mason at tho time of his making his pLchiralioii, iind therein referred to on the 29th day of September, 1871. liefore me : (Signed) M, W. TyjiwuiTT Drakk, Notary Pitllio. (E.) IIerbekt G, Lewis. My name is Herbert G. Lewis, master mariner. I have been a master mariner since 1859. I Icame lu this coast in 18-17. I have been in the Hudson Hay Company's service from that time till liiow, find during the gretiter part of that time I have been trading on the >forth Paoitie Coast, in charge l(il'tli;\t ('i)m]iany's vessels. 2. In answer to C^tuestion 2, I say: To the best of my knowledge, information, and belief, the only Iclianuel used by sailing-vessels going to Kort Langley on the Eraser Eiver through the Straits of Euca |vas the Kosario Straits, in the year 1848-49. 4. In answer to Question 4, 1 say : In the latter part of 1847 and in 1848 it was considered that liie object was to give free access to British territory on the North-west Pacific Coast, up to tho |E2iul luirallel of latitude. ."). In answer to (Question 5, 1 say: She held Vancouver Island and she held British Columbia fip to ."4" W north-latitude. 0. In answer to Question 6, 1 say : Only by going to the westward of Vancouver Island. 7. In answer to Question 7, 1 say : I can only speak to the jieriod after 1847, and to the best of iiy kiiiiwledge, information, and belief, from thence to 1848 and 1849 tho Haro Straits were not used ky Miihiig-vessels ; if they had been so used, 1, as a .setd'aring man on the North-west Pacific Coast, lli'jiilil liiive heard of it. f<. Ill answer to (Question 8, 1 say: The reason for Haro Straits not being used by sailing-.ships in \U', 1848, and 1849, wn.s that it was then nnsurveyed. 0. In tinswer to Question 9, 1 say: As I before said in 1847, 1848, and 1849, Rosario Strait waa hd ,as a surveyed channel, and Haro Straits had not been surveyed, anil wiis not so used by ships. Vancouver's Charts were used for these waters in 1847, and till 1854. I never knew the Spanish part used, or any American Chart used, about that time. To the best of my knowletlge I never heard fiivpsscl going through Haro Straits, but only through Eosario Straits in 1847, 1848, find 1849. Tiie maj) A, especially as regards Haro Straits, is a most inaccurate representation of what was Niiialty known in 1847, 1848, and 1849. Haro Straits being then unknown, and Eosario Straits piiemlly used by ships. Fiiiin 1847 till 1852 I was employed on board ships of tho saiil Company, trading between "ii'iliilu find Victoria for the Hudson's Ba.y Company, and Haro Straits have been from time to time ivJL'ated since 1852 liy me. Tides are very irregular on the efist coast of Vancouver Island. This irregularity could hardly ^i>t if Haro Strait was the channel thixuigh which the nuiin volume of wfiter ebbed and llowed. Oil" East Point and Patos Island a cuirent with the ebb and flood tide sets so strong as to render W I«vl (if Haro Straits unsafe for sailing-vessels. Ami I, Herbert tl. Lewis, above niuned, solemnly declare that I make the above statements, ">| ii'iitiously believing the same to be true, and by virtue of the provisions of an Act made and ' ill tho sixth year of the reign of His Majesty King William IV, intituled " An Act to repeal an |ti of the present Session of Farliameut, intituled au Act for the more cH'cctuol Abolition of Oaths Appendix. [105] G Appendix* 38 nnd AfTirmatinns, takon nnil r.iado in vnvioiis 'Dopnrtmrnts of tlio Rtato, nnil ti milistitiito Drclnvatiotn ill lieu tliGHMif, ami fur llio move cnliri! Sii|)]H'i'H.si(Hi of Vdluiitaiy iiiul fxtnijiidiuial Oatli.s ami Allidavit^, aijil to laako otli(;r I'rovisioii.s |(ir tin' Alidlitiou ol' uimuci'ssurv Oaths." (Siu'iK'd) HKlilSKRT (1. LKWIS. Declared at Victfiria, iirovinco fif ISiilisli Coliimlna, tl (Sij^iied) ]\I. \V. TvifWiinr Diiaki:. jVdldri/ J'lihlic. Itli day dl' Soi)loinl)or, 1871. I Imrfiby certify that Jf. W. Tyrwhitt Drake, wlinse sii^nattm^ is aitaflied tn tliis dopiiiTiPnt, is ,->. Notary- I'nl die liy lloyal autliorlty, didy aiithdrizi'il, adniltted, iiiid sv.nrii ; mid that he is residunt ainl practisiuj,' in Vietoria, I'roviiUM^ (if iiritisli ('dluiiiliia, Doiniiiiou uf Canada. (HigliL'd) ClIAl!I-i:s (Inni), ('olmiid! SicnlKrij, Hqitnuhr 21, 1871. TO all tnAvlmni tluse I'lvsenls sladl eduie, I, Itiilierl ijiuin dackson, nl' tlin f'ity (if Virtnri.i, Province uf riritisii ( 'dlmiiliia, Ddiuinion ol' Canada, Nulary i'ldijie, 'niy adniiUed and iiraclisini,', in pnrsuancx' of ihe Ail nf I'arlianient made and jiassed in the sixtii year of ihe rei^n (if H;, Majesty Kim; Wiiliaui iV, iniilidi'd "An Act to repeal an Act of the javsunt Session of J'arliaiai ii: intituled 'an \v{ fui' tlie naire elfcctiial AluilitioM ul' Oallis and Allirniatlnns taken and made in various Dejiartmcnts of tlio Stale, and to sulistilule Declarations in lieu thereof and fur th- more entire Suii|iression of volnnlary and extrajudicial Oaths and AlUdavits, and to make uilur I'rovisions for the .\liolitionof unnecessary Oat) *<,' " do herehy ilecdare that, on the day of the date heri'..|; yiereonally came and apiieareil liefor(! mv Hodcii k l'"iniaysiai, named and descrihed in tla; Deelaratj.n hereunto annexed. In'im; n ]iers(in widl known ai. I uorthy of yood credit, and hy sdlenni declanuinii I which the said iicnlerick I'iidayson then made liefo.e nu', did sidenndy and sincerely declare to he in;.; | the several matters and ihiujis mentioned and contain(^d in the said annexed Dc^claration. In faitii and testimiaiy whereof 1 have lieicuutosel my hand and seal of ol)iee,and have causcil iL; | said Declaration to be heriMuito annexed, ilated the :i()lh dav of Seiilenilier, A.n. 1S71. (Signed) IIOJ'.T. !•:. JACKSOX. A'<)/r(/'y I'lihl.'i; I herd ly certify that Ituhcrt Kdwin Jackson, whose signature is hereunto attached, is a Xnl;irv| Puhlic, duly admitted and 'iractising in the City of Victoria, Province of Ui'itish Cohuuliia, Dijuiiiii.: of Canada. In testimony whereof I have liereunto set my hand and ollicial st;al, Ihi.'j -llli day of Ociulx;,! AD. 1871. (Signed) CiiAitLiis Good, Culonial Sccrdarij. This is the pAliiliit marked F, referred to iu the annexed Declaration of Eoderick Fiulayscul declared the l.'^th day of Septendier, 1871. rSefuru mc : (Signed) ItoiiT. E. TAfKsnN, Nvtarij FuUic. Interrogatories relative to the North-West Water Boiiiulary Question submitted to Boderieh FinUnjm. 1. About 1845-40, had the Hudson's Bay Company any fort or settlement on the Fraser Pivcr? 2. How did tratling-vessels or other craft comnumicate with that fort or settlement from loai.'J parts, and from other settlements on the Columbia Piver or its neighbourhood I 3. TJie date of the Settlement of Fort Laugley on I'raser Itiver >. 4. About the time (jf the negotiation of the Treaty of dune 18 -tG, wdiat was the common opiiiioiM Great Britain insisting on the 4'.Jlh parallel being dellecled in a siailherly direction, tlu'ough the 8tni:J of Fuca to the Pacilie, instead of cutting through Vancouver Ishmd ( 5. If to secure access to the possessions to the n(a'thward of the 49° parallel, state what posscssKl Great Britain hehl to the northward of 4'.)° and where t IJ. If the free navigati(jn of tho straits and adjacent channel was not guaranteed to Great Brit;ii3| Low could ucce.ss be obtained to those po.ssessions north of 49° ? 7. "When the Treaty was signed in June 1840, and previous to that date, which channel was kii"';j and used by vessels amongst thu islands forming the Arcdiipelagos between A'ancouver'.s Island the continent, to get access to our dominitjns north of 49° ] »- and Iwvi' i;iu l. ACKSOX, alf.u'lu'd, is a N"Wy foUiuiliiii, l'<)i"i'i"» -lUi diiy of UctuKi, Eoderick Tiulaysoi JJofZcrie/j Finlaym. ^ntlieFraserEiver! ^lllemcut from lnwU!^ the conunon opinioii'J tiou, tlu-ougli tlie btni.. el, statu wliat pos3t'5*< uuteed to Great 15viuv. Inch channel ^vasto.'^ Vaucuuvcr'iJ Islanil ^ aid others who m^\<^ how many chaunelYv.l u Vancouver Islft'w • -,ce of British Colum'] y iuid siucei-cly deaiu'' 39 I have hccn on the North-west Pncific Const since a.d. 1840, nnd (hirin" all tliat time have hccn in the Hudson's ]5ay Conipany's enijiloy. I have been a Chief Factor since IS.V.I, and a jjoyd's A;,'ent since 1850, and ironi A.D. 1844 to 1847 I was tlie Chief Ayent of tlie lliidson's Bay Company at Victoria. Iicferrinf,' to the interrogatories relative to the north-west water l)oundaiy-qiiostion hereunto annexed, marked F, shown to me at the time of making tliis Declaration, in answer to the first interrogatory, 1 (k'clare as aforesaid. 1. That about A.D. 1845 and 1840 tlie Hudson's Bay Company had a .settlement at Langley, on tho Fia.ser Hiver, iind the said ,setth>nient existed .since 1827 or 1828. 2. In answer to tlio .second interrogiitory, I declare us afon -laid that, up to A. P. 184o and lS4(i, Hadson's liay Conijjauy's ships, bound from Honolulu, in tlie Samlwich Islands, from Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia Itiver, and .San Francisco and Sitka, to Laiigley, ]iassod through Fuca's Stiails and liosario Straits ; also vessels trading between Fort Is'isijually and Langley used to pass through Ilosario Strait. ;!. In answer to tho third interrogatory, I declare ns afoivsaid, to the best of my knowledge, iuformaliou, and belief, Langley, on the Fraser liiver, was .settled about the year 1827 or 1828. 4. In answer to tho fourth interrogatory 1 declare as aforesaid that, aljout the time of tlui negotia- tion of tho Ti-eaty of dune 184(), the common opinion as to the object of Great Britain in insisting on tlie 41Hli i)arallel Ijeiug deflected in a .southerly direction, and through the Straits of Fuea to the I'acilic, instead of cutting tlnongh Vancouver J^iland, was that it was to secure access to her pos.sessions to the northward of the 4'.)tli ])arallel thrcaigh the Straits of Fuea. ,"i. In answer to the filth inteiTogatoiy, I declare as aforesaid that G-rcat Britain then held British Culuni':!.!, ii|i to ]iarallel of north latitude 54" 40', and Vancouver Island. li. In answei' to the sixth intciTogatory I declare as aforesaid that, if the free navigation of the straits and adjacent channel was not guaranteed by Great Britain, access could only be secured and olitained to those pos.sessions by slii])s going to the westward of Vancouver Island ; ancl as regai'ds thoso prissessions on the coa.st of British Cohiiubia, between the 51st and 49th iiarallel, access woidd have to Ll' .sought through a sti'ait which is intricate and ditlicult of navigation by reason of the strength of tho tides. 7 and 8. In aiLSwer to the seventh nnd eighth questions, I declare as aforesaid that, when tho Treaty k.is signed in June 184G, and previous to that date, the channel which was known and used by vessels Lmongst the islands forming the Archijielago between Vancouver Island and tiie continent, to get access ltn N.N.W. 3 m. 5 '30.— Eased, stopfe came to with B.B. in Birrh Hat - 7 fms., and veered to 32 fms. Harlil up fires. Point Roberts, S. K' *| Called the North Point of Bny, Iwn^ N. 47° W. Point Lacy after tlicJL| Lieutenant; South Point of white bluff S. 4 1° E. Point Null >^ the Surgeon of the ship. Midnight. — Fires banked undir boilers. 41 lis of September Otii (lay of October, 184G. Appendix. Standard Compnta Cuurai'a, 2 6 9 10 11 Noon At anchor in Birch Baj. Proceeding out woetward of Cyprus Island towarda Saddle Island, towarda Smith's and Trial Island. ;} 2 4 5 6 ? 8j 9 10 U MidDt, Proceeding for Port Victoria. At anchor In Port Victoria. Remarks. A.M. 4 -30.— Drew the fires forward. •J-I.-Sfcam up. I -50.— Wuiglicd and proceeded out to the southward w.irkini wpansjvuly cutting off at 1/fi of stroke. HnT J ""ward of Quinlan's B^k,, named after th.. 2nd Lieutenant of this sh,p 7 •4,'i.-Ofr the north end nf Cyprus Island. ™lk,,l th,. N.w Point. Hear horough Bluff, after the Master of tne Cadboro. 8.— Saddle Island SJ E. 8-20.-Pas„.d the S.W. point of Cyprus Isla;,d,c«n;.d It Fmlaison Point, after the offirer in charge of Fort Victoria. 9.-E„.rci»,.d at General Quarters. lO.-Looaed sails Tons. cwt. Expended— Coal 9 4 Wood 1 8 P.M. ° ^'~^^l^' s'oppetl. «nd camo to with B.B Z « f""- ye"<"l to 40 fms., banked up tires. Points of entrance, S. 74* E andS.74 W. Rooky Point S 25' W.' Employed cutting wood for fuel. 2.- Furled sails, unbent maintopsail. Ship's Draught— Forward 14 feet. Aft 15 „ Remaming Water, 20 tons. I AdrnvraUi/, Sommt Souse, Mvembcr 16, 1871. (Signed) A. SCOTT. 4 '30.— Drew firesfonwJ I up. 5.— Weighed m' I