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' ''''''••'■"•»••»••»• t tJ?! .»»■, TTTT
Indiana Hisloricai Sociel;/ Pamphlets.
No. ''!
LOUGHERY'S DEFEAT
(AND
PIGEON ROOST MASSACRE.
WITH iNTRL:E[.rCT[jRY S'-'ETuK,
nv <•(! AIMJ'!- M,ViMi\h.\!.l.;
TliK i:..U K\ MKUin,;. ( ,.. !'r ui.isni t;
if
INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
Hon. W. H. Enoi.ish, Presldeut.
Ukn. John Cobukv, lut Vice-Pirealdent.
Wm. W. Woolen, 2d VJce-Pres. and Corresponding Kec.
JiTiMJK I). W. Howe, 3d Vlce-Piesldont.
W. DbM. HtwPKH, Treasurer.
J. P. I)i;nn, Jr., Uceordlug Secretary.
The Society !)«!• undertaken the publication of a number of painphle!«
of \vi.it!lithe tlr»tfour are now on sale:
No. 1. The L.aw'n and CoiirtH of NorthireMt and Indiana Territorleit.
By DnMlt?l Waile Howe. The Bowen-MerriU Co. Indianapolis.
18«l. Priee, 25 cents.
No. 2. The Life and Services of John B. Dillon. By Gen. John Colniin
and Judge Horac ■ P. Biddle. The Bowen-Merrill Co. Indlunapo-
iim. 1886. Price, 25 cents.
No. 8. Th«> Aci|uiHftion of Ldulsitiana. By Judge Thoniais M. Cooley. The
Ikiwen-MerrilK'o. Indianapolig. 1887. Prlcr>, i5 cents.
No. 4. Louichery'M Dt-feat and Pi|ir«*ou Itoost MasHaore. My CharlcH
Mnrt ndiile. Tne Bowen-Merrlll Co Indianapolht. 1H87. Price,
25 cents.
These pfunph lets are print^'d ani sold for the beneflt of the Indiana
Historical Society It la the purpose of the Society, to publish, fron» time to
time, other original papers, and to reprint rare and valuable documents
relating to t lie history of the State. With a view to the general circulation
of Its pui)lication8, they will be Issued in cheap form, the small price char^^ed
for then* l)elng for tlie purpose of defra.ving the < xpenseof pubiictitton,
A. L. Roach »;,
A. C. Hakkis
J. R. Wll^SON,
W. Dk.M. H<HH'KK,
J. P. DlNN., Jit.,
Kxin-ulive <.'oni.
Indiana Historical Scciety Pamphlets.
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7
INTRODUCTION.
T pon the suriviMior of Post Vineonnes to (*ol, GeoiN^o
«o.jrors (Mark, Kobniary 24. 1770, tliat dauntloss warrior im-
inediatoly hoiriui planninir a oaini)aii,ni lor t..e roduetion of
Detroit. He says: 'Detroit oi.ene.l full in our view. In
1lie fort at tliat place there were not more than oiglity men
—a ^'reat ])art of them invalids— and we were informed that
many ot the ]»rinei))al inhal)itants were disattected to the
Kritish eaiise. The Indians on uur route we knew would
now. more tlian ever, be eool toward tiic En<,dish. ^- ^> -v-
We could now auirment our forces in tins quarter to about
tour l.undre<l men. as near half the iid)al)itants of Post Vin-
<ennes would Join us. KentucUv. we su]>i.o.sed, could immc-
<iiately iurnish two hundred men, as thero was a certaintv
of receivuiir a i,n-eat addition of settlers in the spring. AVith
our own stores, which we had learned were safe '^jii their
])assa,ire, added to those of the British.' there would not be a
^n\^\o article wanting- for an expediti>n aijainst Detroit.
\Ve privately resolved to embrace the object that seemed to
eourt our acceptance, withr>ut delav. i^nvniir the enemv no
time to recover from the blows thev had received: l)ut we
wished u lo become the object of the^soldierv and the inhab-
itants before we shoubl .sav aiivthinir about 'it. "" * '!' :■< :;c
Early in the month of Mardl -1 laid before the ofticers mv
piaiKs for the reduction of Detroit, and explained the almost
certainty of success, and the |)robabilitv of Ueepinir possession
of It until we couM receive succor from the States.' '-:< * *
In short, the enterprise was <leterred until the of June
when our troops wc-e lo ren.iezvous at Post Vincennes.'
mt wlien the ai)pointed time came, the troops sent from
V iririnia under (\)1. .Moiitiromery numbered only one hundred
o./nTMrnrtl'.v'\! H"T'^^' ^'•?''" ""^^ provi.sions, aboul IKMHKt worth, hH.1 boon
rhyday1.1'^^^;L':;'r\SVMr"^ "'' ^'^' '^'"''"'^ "^^*-^'- for that purpose :.!!
L<»l (ill Ein S ]»KKK.\T.
aii<l fifty, and from Ki-iiiiifk y, instoutl oC t lii'r*- liini<liu'(| mimUm'
Col. .lu'liii liciw man. tln-fc caiiu' Init thirty voluiili'ors ini(i»'r
('apt. .Mr(iai-y. \"l(|('<l in llii.v. tli«' |ia|M'r iinmi'y witli wliicli
\\\v t'\|)t'<lit ion wa> >ii|»|»iit.'<l. lia<l .so tl('|iri'ciati'<l that it was
almost valmU'ss. ami ihr |iuiThas»' ol pi'ovision.s was impossi-
l»h'. Kor tluvst' iH-asoiis tlu' cainituiLCi' ^vas doti'iTcil ti»i- {\\v
prost'iit.'
Ill tlu' Spriiiir "f 17>!<'. ai't«'i' coriv'-^itoiKlcMci' with (Jov.
,I«M«M'st)ii, ot X'iruinia. ("ol. ClarU Wcu-aii to rolK-ct .stoi-cs ami
)»rt'pa H' hoals at llu' ( )hi(» Tails for iho cxprditioii ai:;aiiist
iK'ti'oit. Much was hop<M| r<»i' in \' ii'i^inia tVom tlu- t'avora-
l)lo liisposition of tho ('anadiaiis and the prostin-c whii h tho
succi'ssi's of this yi'ai' in ilu' Noi-lh and South had i;ivi'ii to
tho Anu-rirans amonir the Indians.- in tlu' tasU of propara-
li<»n. the utmost disc(mra::;t'monts wi-i'c nu'l. In tlit' fall of
17^0 tliorc was i^i-cat distress iVom lark of ju'ovisions at Vnvl
.IctlV'i'son on thf Mis.si.ssippi at tlm mouth of tlu- ()hio. at
KasUasUia and at NinciMUK's. l)ishi>m'st practices l»y aii'«'nts
and otlict'i's were wastinir the n-sourcv's of tlu- Stato. |)is-
pnlc's as to authority woiv I'ili;. Ilfspcct and contidoncf in
('lark sri'Mis about tlu' only thim;- thai In-ld the soldicrv in
anythiiiiC like disciprnii'.* Thr au«Mils of the ijfovi'rnmcnt
wci'f distrusted l>y the pi'o|>U' and their drafts on the Ti'eas-
ury taken with much rcdintanre. hesrrtions were <-ouslaiii ly
i^oiiiii" on.' Slow pro^M'ess was made, and in thf meantime
the Indians, who were hel I in triendly relations only l»y
lilteral presents, tindinu' the supplies cut oil' at the frontier
posts and lii'lnu" hi'ou^-ht o\i'r to the inlei'est ot the MnLjlish.
iieu'uu to harry the outlyinu' seitliMuents. In heeemln'rof
1 T'sO. (lov. .letl'erson is.siu'd an ordei- to t he ( 'ounty LiiMiten-
ants ot iln' ti'ontier i-ounties of \'iriiinia lex'yiui;' delaidiments
t'l'om the militia to join the e.\pe(lit ion at the Falls of the
<)hio. Thest" ordu's ar<Mise<l the ino-t si nlihorn op|>osition
I'rom the peopU- of thost' etuinlies and protests were made
from lu'i'keley and (Jr^'enliriei' Counties which set forth the
ilaiiii'er to their inhaldtanis ti-om Indian incursions "'' '' ■■
mililia wi'i'e furl her weakened hy d«'taclimenls. The
f tlu'ir
militia
U'lurli's >[s. Mciiiuir^; I Ml Ion's Hist. I ml.. ( hap. \v.
-\'irL'iMiu Stall- l'ii|>''is. \i«l. I. itp. ■Jll-.tiMi
! Id JLVJ.
Hit-tier of liicli;ir.l Wiii<.ti>ii tn ( 'ol. .Jik,. Toild. Vi ruin in Stiih- I'apcrs. Vol. I
j> .Wi; Ivftlti- of Kt.ht (ii-oi-iii' to I ol. «i. R. Cliii k Id. p :{<J: also letter of Jolii).
Williams .-inil Leo. Helm. • Id. •i-s;; : Id. .{"mi.
"Vlrjiiiiia .state l'Mper<. \ol. I j.. lii|-:i;s.
I.ol (illKltV s ItKKKAT
men jvfiisfd to ()1m'\- ihc <lrM('l. On .Imiiiarv IS. 17SI. ( 'ol.
< 'liirk, wriliiii; lo tin' < JovoriKM' ol N'ii'u-iiiia ^.•l^ s: ••] have
r\!imiiii'(l your |ii"o|>(»s»'i| iiist ni(ti<»ii>. I (lun't itcoUimI dt
aiivlliiiiii- iiioi-f ihal is ii«'ci's>ary t'xcr|ii tlic iii(hI«> (»t" paviiii^^
till' t'XjK'ii.sos of tilt' u^ari'isi.ii at |)iMi'oit. in case ot smc<m'ss. as
sn|t|»optini;- (Mil crt'dit anioim" si ra Hirers may !»<• ai U-nilcil wiih
U'i'cal ami i^-ood fons<'(|iiciict's. :iml my foriiH-r ('.\|u'ri«'iM'fs
iiKliicc me to wish it to Ik- tlu' cast* wlicr*- I liavi- tlic lioiiop to
<'ommaml. I \\diil<l also .ihsrrvc to y..iir lv\r,.|lt'm'\- that I
could wisli to set out on tins cxiuMliiion iVcc I'l-nm anv r<lii<'-
lanrc, wliicli I doiild 1 caniiol do wit hunt n salisfjidorv
e.Nplanal ion of the t r«'at incnl of ihc \'ii'u-iiiia d(d«'i;atr> in ('(ni-
UT»'ss to nic, in ithjcciiiin- to an a|i|toiinnn'nt dt'sii-'ncd lor mc.
which y(»iir I'lxccllcmy cannot lu- a straiii^-cr to. I could wi>h
""' 1<» !•<' tlioiin-ht lo solicit )»f(»inotion. and that my dutv to
mysidf did not ohli^c nic to transmil tlu'>c x-nlimciits to
yoii. 'I'I't' treatment I have >:'enerally met with Ifoni this
Slate hath |u'«'judiced me as far as convivtcnt in her inter-
est and I wish not to he distnisicd in l he execution of her
<M'der hy any Cmtineiiial Colonel that may ite in ih»' coun-
tries that 1 have hiisim-ss in. which I doiihl will he th<' ca>e.
althoiiw-h tlu' ojMlcrs of the ('ommamU'i- in ("hiet is vcrv
jiosiiive."'
On l"\duuai'y HMli he wrote the ( iovernor of \'iru'inia.
st'Itinn- toi'lh theu'i'eat la<l< ot arms and his (|isa|i]ioint mciit
at the want (»f nu-n. and iveejxed tVom ( ioveriitn- .letlcrson
an encouran-inu- leller notityiim- him thai he had oluained
leave from J)aroii Steii'Mcn for Col .1. (iilKoii lo attend as
m-xt in command and thai with (ien«-ral Washinu'ton's i-econi-
mendation he ho|>ed to have Col. (nhson s i-eninicnt attached
to Clark s (-(.mmand . A letter written on .Mar(di l'7 to t he
(i(»vernor of \'iro-inia contains the following- : ••lis a vcrv
alarminu- circumstance lo me that if the Frederick. Ih-rki-leV
aml Hampshire militia Ikmiiu- excused from the NW-stern
service. I maki' no douht hut thai u'ood |iolic\- miu-ht re-
qu.re it. I sus|)eci -d it. hut six or seven hundred men
deducted from two ihousand. is wvy <-oii^i(l,'raide, i shall
never think otherways than that tlu' militia >A' tiiesc counties
would have marched with cheerluhicss, had tliev not heen
oncourai^vd to the contrary, ("id. (iihsons reu-iiuent will
make some amends, but tar from fijlino- uj, the hiank ; pci--
i III. p. «i.
2 Id. .">(»4. ^
, Id., Ml,
6
LurOlIERY S I>KKKAT.
liajiM \vi' mnv <!<> il l»y volunti'iTS troiii lliis (jniii'ttT. [ frti
tlu' <li>tiVN> of my (•(uiiiti'V mid sliall drvotf niysi'lf to it?*
iiiti'ivst. But, Sir. it' any iiiistortuiK's shall lia|t|K'ii, 1 liavi-
thf (•oiisolutioii to lio|K' iIk' < aiisc will not l>o iiiisplac'inl. My
situation is truly iJiNauTi't'aWU' : llu' most dairini:' atti'mpts.
would \tv atrrt'tai»K' to nu- was tlu-ri' notliinu; Imh di-atli to-
ti-ar. Hut iiior*' 1 coiici'ivi' to Ik* dt'|KMidini; at pri'MMi'.
To lie rtiinj' into mv situation l)V a set (»t' men tlial ai'r iioi
lioMori'd with tlio sontiim-nts of a soldiiT. is ti'uly disaLCrrca-
l)lo. I liojtt' thi'si' iCt'iits alluiU'd to will livo to rcpiMit ot their
conduct. ( 'onscious of tlu' I'cctitndc ot' the orders of (io\-
ernment ai;i;ra\ate the ijuilt ot' these jxi'sons in my ideas,
and <-annol refrain from •nvin.'; those, mv sentiments,
thou^^h it may retU'cl no inmor to mo.'"'
('<»i. hro;i<lhea<l refusini; to allow ('ol. (iihson's rei.^dnif'iit
to l>e <leta<'hi'(i nn this e.\])edition. ( Mark wrote to (ieneral
\Vashini,M(»n from F<»i't IMtt, .May 20, 17S1, aHUini; I'Xpli* it
orders to Col. liroa<lhead to this end. In his letter 1m' say>:
•The advantau'cs which must deri\i' to the States Irom our
jirovini; siiccessful. is of such importanc*' that 1 think df-
scrvc'il greater prejtarations to insuiv il. Jiut 1 liavi- not ycl
h>st sii^iit ot' i)etroit. Nothiiiii; seems to threaten us luit thi'
■want (d men. iJiit even should wv he al»le to cut our \\ay
throuLrh the Indians and Hnd ihey liave no reinforce-
ments at I)<'troit, we may iirohahls' have t he assurance to
attack il. though oar force he much less than jiroposed..
which was two thousand, as defeatinii- the Indians with in-
considei-ahle loss on our side would aliiHtst insure us success.
SluMild this be the case, a \aluahh' p«'ace will jirohalily ensue.
But on the contrary, if w*- fall throiiii'li in our |»rcsciit |»lans
ami no e.\|»eiliiion should take phue. it is to be ti'ared thai
tlieconsei|uences will be t'atal to the wlwde frontier, as every
exertion will be made by the Jiritisli jiarty to harass them as
mindi as j)()ssible — ilisable them trom ixiviiiii' any succor to-
our Eastei'ii or Soutlu'rn forces. The Indian war is now
more ijeneral than ever. Any attenij)t lo ui>[ioast' them will
be fruitless."-
Wriliiii; to the rrovornor of ^'il•u•inia under date of May
23. he says : ••The Continental oflicci's and soldiei's of this
department, to a man. is anxious for the expedition supjiosed
ai^'ainst the Indians. The country in ireneral wishiiiir it to-
take place. But too lew think of going, and so great u coii-
» Id. p. oJI7.
i Virginia Stuto Paper, Vol. 2. p. 10«.
LOrUIIERY S KEKEAT.
trn*.t botwccn tho people of the two StateH in tlii«. <|iiai-ter
that no method ean l)e taki-n t(» liu'et- ihem ((• war. \V»' aie
laUinir every >tep in <Mir power to rai>e vohintet-rs. What
luinihcr we shall u'rt I rant ixuesH. 1 <ioul>t too Ji'w. 'I'lie
• lisaitpointMU'Ut of sfveu hnndred men honi l'>»rl\elev and
liamp-liire I am afraid is too i;reat a stroke to rerovrr. uh
in fact, the irr«'ali'st pai't of this conntry is in snl>ordinalioii
neither to I'ennsyjvania nor \'ir<;inia. (ieneral Wasjiintrton
informs nu- that he had reecived inlorniation ihat Col. (on
nelly had left .W-w York with a (K*sii;ii to makt' a diversion
in the eonntries to he reinli>reed l»y Sir John .lohnsun in
Ivanady. I doiiht Sir, we shall he ohlin-t-d to plav a desper-
ate u-ame t his eampaiirn. It we had the I wo i ||oiisan<l men
first |»r()posfd. siu-li intelliu'enci' \M>nld trive tur |>h'asnre.
\\\ the ;^n'eatest exertions and your tiimly supplies of in«Miev,
\\v have the hoats ami provisions expected in t his (juaiter
nearly complete. I propose to leavt- this ahoiil the l.'Mh ot
June if we can imlxtdy a sntlicient niinilM'r of men h\ that
tinu'. I do not yet despaii'ot seeing- the |iidposed ohjecl on tol-
eral»le terms, althoiinh our eircnnistaiici's is ratio r udoomw
Colonel Crockett and reii'iment arriveil u few da\^ |»ie«l. who
int'ornied me that a company or two nt vidnnleer^ niii,dil ho
exju'cted (I'om {•"'rederi<d< and Berkidi-y. I am sorr\- we are
so (drcumstanceil as to he ulad to I'ceeive tlo-m.
it hecame apparent hy .^uuiisi 1st that it woiijil he ini-
possihle to raise the nnnd»er of nien i-ciniired tor the exccii
t ion of tiie plans ai:"ainsi |)eU'oii. ( 'ojoncl ( 'lark wa>> <^n-eai Iv
disa))pointed and wrote trom Wheeliny- to the ( it)\ei'nor 'd
N'ii'UMnia. AuiiMisi 4. sayini;;
•I make no donht hnt it was alarm to yoii that I had not
left this country. Whot'Ver nndertakes to raise an arni\ in
this (piartc'r will Hnd liim>elf disappointed i-xcept t he law wa.s
of u'reater fon-e and not di'pendini; on the wills ol the popu-
lace. This country calls aloud Tor an cxjietlition. wishini^;
me to put it in execution, hut so straiigidy intatualed (hat
all methods 1 have heen ahle to pursue will not draw them
into the fitdd. We have made <lrafts to no purpose, (iov-
ernoi" lieed has also written to them to no etti'ct. From the
time [ found I wa.s to he disappointed in the troo()s oidered
hy the (lovernment. I heu'an to suspect the want of men
which is now the case when evei'v thinir else is jircparcd. '
■I <'ould m>t i;et Colonel (lihson's re<;imeiu. otherwise I
should have heen gone long .since, l»ut had to make up tho
1 Id. p. 117.
h I.Kl (JIIKHV S liKKKAT.
flcliciciicy l»y \oliiiilccrs. Itiii tiiiiliiiu' no .•ii'u'iniH'iil art' Mirti-
fit'iii. I (l«t( rmiiM'il 1m (Hill ilicri- Iciixinu' ii(» >ii>in' iint unii'«l
liy w liich llifv mi;ilil lu-rrullc!' ('N<mi»«- llu'insflvcs. '
•'riisiiv*' llic i:•.'l^^i^t>ll ol' l'iii>lmri:' trnin liciui.'' cVMciiMlrd. I
liM\f liiM-ii <tlilio(.,l i»» sjiMi'i' iIm'Mi ;i (•(»iiNi(lci':ilili' i|ii:iiility ot
flour, hut \v\ li:i\»' «'iioiiirli to <|(i xiiiic! Iiiii:^" <|(\( r !i:i<l I luni.
I liavr )'»'liii(|iiislu"l my r\|i('(i;ilioiis rdnliv!' to tlif plans
ln'rcloforc lai'l. ;iii<l shall ilrop ilown ihr l»'i\ cr wil li what
iiii'ii I liavc. Miiioiiiil iiii;' lo alioiii t'oiir liiiinli'i''l, foiisist inu' ot'
('rockfits ri'^iiiiciii . ( 'raii:' > ari ill<i\ . vojimicci's. Ac If I
liii<l a |ii'os|M'ri o| coiuitit'l iiiii" in\' forces, in any oi lict- luunt ry
I shall 'io ii a'i<l iiKikt' iii\ si imUcs ;ic(nr(|i iiM' to (•irciiiiisiniicrs.
II I (iiHJ il tMit ol my |io\\('r to do anylhiiii;" of iMi|»oiMaiif»'. f
>liall ilis|Misc (iT ill,' |> ildic stores to tlic liTcalcst a'lvaiilaLi"*'
ami <|iiii all tiiftln-r llioi,i^-ht> ot' t'iilrr|irisi' in this (|Mai'lt'i'. '
■• 1 <lo no! \c! ronilcniii m\ sell lor unilci'takiiii:' 1 he vxjx'ilit ion
ai;'ainst |>ftroii. I yet ihink li;nl I m-ai'thf ntimlirr ot men
tirsl |iro](. IS, .(|. .should lia\ f rarricd it. I may \ ti malo' ^onu>
sli'okrs amon^' tin- Imliaiis licturf ihc ii<)si> ,.t' thf cami'aiLi'n.
lull at jtrcstMit really to Ite (iiiiiliic(i. I lia\ i' lieen at -o iniK'j)
piiiiis l,» cnnlilf iis i(» jtrosfciitt' the lifst plan thai the 'li->;ip-
poihlinelll is «|oill'l\' mortil\ihU' to me. jUnl I teel I'or the
dreadltll e,mse,|ii,'ne('>- ih.Mt will elisil,' 1 hrouu'hoiit the Iron!
ier il not hinLi' i^ done. Thi- eonni ry alr«'ady iie^'in to siisju^ei
Il and to inviie nx' to eNeeiite soint' plans ol' tlit'lr own l>ul
I shall no longer I rust them."'
.\ letlei' hy .\|;i|(.r ('fo^han lo (',.| Win. I>a\i- written at
l''ort Tilt. .\ii::ust 1st h. M'i\ cs tin- iiitlu-mal ion that "a lew
<lays ;iL.'o (len. ('I:irke s^.t dill from this country hy water
with aliont r<>ur humlred men. iiieludini;- otiieers and ('«d.
('rock, '11 s rei:,inieiit . tlalleriiiii' hims,'ll h,- wtuild he joined hy
soUM' more troin Kenluckv and thf I'^alU of ( >hio ahoui halt'
way het Wt ell t his Mild the |';dls. The ( ieuel'al r\ p*'cl oil l..")!**!
men from this purl of the eoiiiilry and is much chai;"rine 1
at. his fljsappoinl men l.ha\' ill u" pi'o vision, a miiiiiiiil ion. artillery.
(|iiarteriuasier s ^lorcs. ho.-ils. Ac. sntljeienl liu- upwards ot
'J. (MM) men. Il.'ul the country peopU- turned out and ii'oiic
with him. I ha\»' no (loiiht the people on this >idc llic moun-
tain, in |tai'licular. would he s»'nsihle ot ihe a<l\ainau'e t hey
must rcnp hy bcinii' :tl»l'' to live at their plantations wiihoiil
the drca<l ot hein^' se;,|ji,'(|. which is tar I'rom hein^' ihe case
at present, tew days J>;lsslll^• w it hoiil the I ndia lis doi iiu' mis-
cliii'f of this kind."
1 Virguiia stnt, ri>|it r^. \',.l., II p. .VM.
I
i
I.ortillKHVS I>KFKAT
9
-T iiuioli fcai- tlio (uMicr.'il will W (lisa))j)(>inio(l in u-fttin.r
nu'ii down till' IJivri- fnun Kentucky and tiu' Falls. " If.,,?
tho State Is thrown into an infinity of t-xpenso without any
advantjiiiv, as the lew men the (ioiiei-al now has is not nn.iv
than inii,dit In* necessary to nujunj tju- o-,-oat miniher ol h.>at-.
stoi-i's. Aic. he has with him. "
••Fi-oin every account we have the I ndians ni'e |MV)>ai'ini;
to receive hinu and if they should attack him in his present
situation, eithei- hy land or water. J dread the conse(|Ucnce-.
The reason so few w«"nt with him iVom this ]. lace, is owinu-
to the dispute thai suhsi.sts here hetween the \'iroiMians :ind
I'ennsylvanians I'espect ini.r liie ti ue Ixmnds of the latter, and
lln- (ieneral heinn' :» ^'il■,i:•illian was o])])osed l»v th.- most
noted men here of the Pennsylvania party, the peoj.le
here ])liuue \'iro-iiiia very mu<'ii for makinu' them and their
lands Uvhich l)eyond the'shadow of a doid>t is lar out ol' ihe
ti'ue iiounds (»( Pennsylvania lover to P«'nns\ Ivania. and i
am assured will never he content until the 't I'ue h<.uiwl> ot
I*ennsyr\ania is run. 'I'is t i-iu' they are u'oini:" to lain what
tliey call a tern])orary iH.undary. hut so much inju-tice is
done to the Stale of Nir^-inia am'l the peoj,!,. \vli.> arc iiuw in
it. and hy this scandalous impositii.n will Ih. forced into
Pennsylvania, that nothinu' hut discord will i-ei^-n until the
'"Minds is i-uii a.u-reeahie to tin- words of t In? charier of
IV'iiiisylvania."'
It had "neeii u'lven out that this expedition was au-ains| the
Indians of the Nori li-wcsi. and the desin-ns on Detroit were
kept in tin* l)ack<;-rouiid. hut nevertheless. 1^'anl. the Indian
riiief. was well into;nu'd as to its |»iirposc.- It was Clark s
intention lo |)rocecd up the lii-- Miami Piverand lirM attack
Ihe Shawnee towns on that river. Put slll,^^.,|uentlv he
chano-cd his plans and decided to make the l-\il|s ..f ihe'ohi..
his hase of operal ion.
('ol. Arcdiihald Laiti.i-hery oy Louiiherv was the <'ouni\
Pieiitenanl ^of Westmoreland County. Pen nsvlva, ia. and
njion Clark's re((uisition he rai>ed and proviiled with an
oiilHt. priiici|.ally a! the expense of hiniselt ami Captain
P'oherl Orr. a |)ai'ty of (,im' hundred and si'veii mounted vol-
unteers. 'Phis company remlezvoiiscd at Carnahaiis P.lo.k-
house, (deven miles west <d' llaiinastown. on AuuMist 2. 17>P
and marched \)y way of Pittshiirij,- to poi-t llenr\? Whc.dinu',
Avhere they arrived on the Sth ahoul twelve hours alter Col.
Clark, with all thi> men. l)oats and stores he could u-ather
Ud. 31'). -'I.cttcrto r.onl (tLortro (icrmain. A pfi-Muti \.
10
LOr<lHERY H DEFEAT.
had (l('pnrUHlJoavin<; or<k'i's for Col. Loui^Iutv to rt)llow and'
ovortaUc liim at tlu' moiitli of Little Kanawha. St-voral
days wvvo coiisuincd by Col. JiOiiu:ho!'y in i^^cttiniif started.
Ill thi' nu'aiitinu' Clai'k's men hei^an lo desert. Loiii;hery
a|»i)r«.'hendcd Meiitenant Haker and sixteen men who were
desertin<; from (Mark at Kishinir ('reck. To prevent deser-
tion Col. Clark was ohliifed to jtroeeed from the Kanawha,
U'aviniT a h'lter atlixed to a ])ole directinir fioni^hery to tol-
loNV to the Kails ot' thi' Ohio. Louirhi'i'ys stores and foraire
iXave out at this point and he detaeheil Caj>t. Shannon with
seven men in a small boa; to ovei'take Clark' and secure
siip|>lies. This dotaehmeiit had not ])roceeded far when the
Indians, who wei'c carefully watchinii; tlu' expedition, cap-
tui'cd Shannon and all ot his men hut two and also obtained
a letter to Col. Clark di'tailiuij; li<iuu'hervs situation. .lose))h
Brant, with (»ne hundred Indian warriors, lay in wail to
attack Claidv at the luouth of the Miami IJiver. ])ut Clark
passed in the iiii;lit. and tlu' Indians beiiiii- afraid of the can-
iu)n and the number of men. did not molest him. but con-
cliideil to wait tor IiOUi;diei'y"s jiarty. It is said that the
Indians placed ihe prisoners they had taken in ii conspicuous
]>osition on the north shore of the Ohio l^iver and promised
to span' their liv^'s on condition that they would hail L(Uiu'h-
ery's party and induce them lo land and sui'render. llow-
I'vei" this nmy have Ikhmi. at about l(lo"clock' on Auu'ust 24th.
Loui;"hery liavinn- reache<l an attractive sj)ot al>out ten miles
helow the mouth (tf (he liiu" Miami, near the j)i'esent town of
A ui'ora. Deal" born C< unity. Indiana, la nde(l (ui t he noi-th side of
the < )hio I\i\ er in the mouth ot' a cre(d< which has since been
<alled Kouudiery s Crei'k. The()hio iJiver was vei'y low and a
iarii'e sandbai' cxlemhMl tVom ihe si^utli almost across to the
north l)ank of ihe rivi-r. Col. Louudierx's j^arly. wearied
with their slow ami laborious ju'o^^ress and discourau'ed by
the failure to overtake Clark's army. remove(l their horses
ashore and tin-neil them loose to U'vd while some of the men
eut <i;rass sufliciont t(» keej) them alive until they should
reach the Kails. ,V buffalo Imd l>een killed and all were en-
uait'ed in ])re]>arini:: a meal, when the Indians apjteared on
both si<h's of the river and liei^au tiring- from the woods
The soldiers seized their arms and made a defense an \oui^ af-
their ammunition held out. An attempt was made lo escajie
by the boats, but they were so unwieldy and the watei* sc^
low that the Indians cut them off. Cnable to escajie or de-
fend themselves. Col. Loui^'ierv surrendered. Brant, the
LOUdHERY » DEFEAT.
II
fiidian (Miief, says tl»irty-six. incliulini; fivo oflicers, wwc
kilU'd and sixty-tour nuulo pi'isoiiors. Oiio or two oscapc*!^
Imtdid not reach honu' tor sevei'al months al'tcrward. Loui^h-
c'l'V was tomahawked by a Shawnee Indian alter the l)attU'
while sittini;' on a h)ii". ami all the wounded who were iinahle
to mar(di were similarly dis|>atel)ed. The ])risonei"s wei'e
mai'ehe<l eiirht miles u)) the Aliami liivei* to an f iicam])meiit
where the Indians were Joined by one hundi'ed white men
under eommand ot ('a|>t. Thom])son and three hundred Indi-
ans undei' C'a)»t. MeKee, both Jiritisli oflicers. All of tiio
British and Indians, with Brant's band ot wari'iors. went
ilown au'ainst the Kentucky settlements as tai' as the Falls ot'
the ()hi<^. leaviiiij; a seru'cant anrl eiii'hteen men t(» i^uard the
prisoners. Xo attacdc was made on Clark's army, however.
The ])iMsoner.s weiv taken to Detroit and sent troni there to
.Montreal.
The disaster to LoulcIu'I'v was* the culmination of the misHir-
tunes to this ilKated expedition. All tlioUi!:ht ot aeconiplisii-
ini;" anythinL!,- more than the destruction of Indian villaires.
was abandoned, \othin_u' of note was done until the fall of
17S2. when anothei' expedition was oruani/ed and movini;'
i'a]»idly from Wheelinii" destroyed thelaru'c Shawneetowns on
the .Miami and tlu' liritish posts as Jar north as Lake Mi'ie.
liieutenant Isjiac .\mlerson, who succeediMl to the com-
mand of Shannon's company alter tlu' caj)ture of the lattu',
has kejit a diary of the cxp^Mlition from the stai't at ('arii.i-
han's Block' House, includini;' the tiu'ht. cajitivily and his
woiiderfid escape li'om Montri'al and trip through the wilds
of Maine. Connecticut. New York and Bennsylviuiia to his
home, ^riiis diary is now i?i the ])ossession of his son Jnaac
[I. Anderson, who resides at \'«.'nice. ( lioss P. O.) Ohio, and
the diai'V is also copied in Mc Bride's Jlistory ot ButKr
County, Ohio.
There are ai)])ended here two accounts of the Biixeon Hoost
■massacre, which si-em to i^ive soinc dcttiils not tound in
l)illon".s llistorv ot Indiana, woi'thv of preservation.
12
r.oi till Kin s IiKFEAT.
THE BRITISH REPORT,
(,Mkijkc. -Jod Ort.. SI.
Laril (ill), dirniiliii Inj f/ii Flrrf :
Mv L<ii{i) — 1 liavc t lu' |»J(':isiirc to iU'<niaiiit your Fiordshii*
lliat 1)\' a late (lispati'li tVom hvti'oii I have an accoinil <»t an
ailvanliiu'o ii'aincd liy .loscpli Urant with an liiindrcfl Intlians
<)\vv a division of ( "ultnicl (dark s army asscmldinu" ii|Min tiu-
()liio tor llu' ]»iir|)osc of di'siroyinii" tlu' Indian sot lIcnKMits.
and it sii('i('>>sfiil in liis levies ])rn('l ralini:' to iK-lroil. .lose|di
liaviiiLC intidliu'enco of Ids niotitms. \vailt'(l tor him at thi'
mouth of the Miamis Ifivoi- \vh«'iT ho )>ass«'d in the ni^ht
and with too ^•r^'at a I'orco tor .losi'ph to atja(d< him. iuit the
next ihiy \\v fidi u|><in a jiarty (d lo(» mumi commandt'd Ity a
Lieutenant i'td. Lo(d\ery. (ii of whom he iiuide prisoner^.
■'»(!. incdinlinu,' \\\v ('ohniel and l^ixc other (dlieei's. wei'e kiUed.
A rtuntoreenu-ni (da eom]>any iA' ran«rors and a stroma; hody
i>t Indians |tem'trate't as far as the l-'alls in liojn-^ of |»ursu-
inii' the hh>\s with success, lnit Mr. (Mark's army wei'e so
discoiii-a^'ed hy lids early deleat tiiat they hei^an to separati'.
anil it is siippost'd have li>r this season altandoned their in-
terjirise. .Many smaller Indian parties in ihat (| '.artei' ha\e
i»een V(.'ry suecesstul. and some consideralile s'/okes ha\'e
heeii made njton thi' Molmwk l{i\ er ant! l-'rontiers of Penn-
sylvania. 'V\\v vi(dinty of thc>.e. an<l the |tei'])etual terror ami
losses of the inhahitants. will I lio]u' o]ierate |>owerl'ully in
<»ui' iavor with W'rmont. who will experien<-e the happy
i'tfects of lia\'in>i' tlu'ir settlements protectetl. and some in-
hahitants of the neii.i"hltorini»; Stali-s Ixixin to retire there lor
safety. It would he emiless and ditlieult to enumerate to
yotii' Jiordshi)) the parties that are continually employed
u]>on the l)a(d< settlements. From the Illinois country to the
frontiers of New York there is a continual succession. I
must lio Colonel .Johnson and the otHcers who have the
<lirection of this service the justice t<t ac(|uaint y<»ur Lor<lshi]>s?
that the families I have ]ilaced tijton Carleton Jslaml. at
Niau'ara and Detroit with a view to cultivation. |)romise fare
to sueeoed. and 1 have not a doulit will in a very few years
mati'rially eontrihiite as wtdl to the support as to the con-
A'l'uienco of those J*osts.
1 am \c..
(Signed) Fued. IIaldimand.
l.olcillKin S DKKKAT.
i:j
DIARY OF CAPT, ISAAC ANDERSON,
(Original in possession i»f I. K. Amler^Dii, P'.sii., X'enice, (Ko-s I'.O.) Oluo )
AiiLjiisi 1st. 17>^1. Wi' met al ('»>l. ('Mi'iialiaii s in order to
form a body <>t iiuui t»> y>\\\ (u'li. ('larU on the expedition
ai!,"!iiii>*l tin' Intlians.
Auii'. -. lientU'/voiisi'd at said place.
Aiiii;. M, Marcdn'd under connnand ot Col. Loidiei'v to
Maraele's mill about eiijlity-throe in numher.
Auiji;. 4. ('r(»s'Ml tlu' Voui;lia<jaiiia IJivei".
Aiiii". ."). .Mai'<diod to |)evoi-"s terry.
\uiX- <►. '!'> llaccoon settlement.
.\ iiiT. 7. ('a|il. .Masons.
Alii;'. S. To Wht'idinu" Kort and found CMark was started
down the river al»oiit twelve hours.
.\uii* '.>. Col. lioehery s»'nt a »|uartermaster and oflieei- of
the hoi'se atter him. which overtctoU liim at Middle Island
and relurnecl; then stalled with all our toot troop.s on sev^-n
hoats. and our horses Wv land to (Jrave ('re(d\.
An*;. II). .Moveil down li> Fishini>" Creek: we toid< up
Lieut. Bakei' and si.xteen mhmi desertint;' from (ien.('lai'k
and went that <lay to middle of L»»nu' Beach, whert^ we
stayed that niu'iit.
Aui;-. 1 .') To the Three Islands, where we toimd Major
Craycraft waitinu" on us with a horse hoat. lie. with his
liMiard. si.\ men. started thai niij,'ht after (Jen. Clai'k.
.\n^'. 1(). C(d. Loehery detached Capt. Shannon with
seven men and letter aflei' (leu. Clui'k' and we moved that
day to the liitlh- Conuaway (^Kamiwha) with all our horses
on hoard the hoats.
Alii;". 17. Two men went (»iit. to hunt who iievei" i-eturned
to us W'e mo\-ed that da\" to l>utfalo Uland.
AuiT. \x. To Catrish Island.
Auu-. r.>. To Hare I^anks.
Alii!;. -*>• ^^'e MU'l with twoof Shannon's mcii wiio told us
the\' had |Mit to >hoi'e to cook. Itclow the niouth of the
Siotha (Scioio; whei-e Shannon sent ihem and a sct-n-c-nit oiii
to hunt. When they iiad ii'ot ahont hall'a mile ii. the wok 1 .
the\' heard a niimher ot uMins tire, wliich tlicy >iipposed lo
he I ndiaiis firinu" v)n the rest ot the |>ariy.aiid llicy inimeli-
atel>' look U]» tie; riser to meet us; Imi unfortunately the
14
LOUJJHERY S DEFEAT.
sci'i^oants kiiitb droppi'tl on tlio i^roiind and it rati <liroctly
lliroii^l) his foot and lio died of tlio woiiml in a few minutes.
We sailed all nii^ht.
Aug. 21. AVe moved to the Two Islands.
Aug. 2-J. To Sa.s.safras Bottom.
Aug. 2ii. Went all night and all day.
AuiT. 24. (\)l. Locherv ordered the boats to land on the
Indiana shore, about ten miles htdow the mouth of the(ireat
Meyamee (Miami)I{iver, to eooU ))rovisions an<l eut grass for
the horses when we were tirecl on by a party of Indians
trotn the ])anl\. We took to our boats expeeting to erossthe
river, and were fire<I on by another ])arty in a number of ea-
noes in the river atid soon we beeame a prey to them. Tliey
kill d the ('ol. and a number miM'e alter they were prisoners.
The niiniber of otir killed was about forty. They marched
lis that night about eight miles uj) the river an<l (Mieamped.
Aug. 25. We marehed eight miles u)) the Meymee Hiver
and encamped.
Aug. 2«i. Lay in catnp.
Aug. 27. The l)arly liiat took us was joined by one hun-
<lred white men uiidi r the command of ('apt. Thompson and
three hundred Indians under command of ('a])l. McKee.
Aug. 2S. The whole of the Indians and white men went
lown against the settlements of Kentucky, exci'jtting a ser-
geant and eighteen men which were left to take care of six-
teen ))risoners and stores that were left there. We lay there
until the 15th of September.
Sept. 15. 1781. We started towards the Shawnee towns on
our way to Detroit.
Se])t. 1!>. Arrived at Chillecothev. when' the Indians took
all the ])risoners from ('a]»t. Thom])s(»ii ex('e])ting six of us.
We lay there until the 2(ilh.
Sept. 2(1. We marched to Laremes.
Se|)t. 27. Over the carrving place to the (Maize.
Sept. 2S. T(, the Taway village.
Sept. '2\y Continued our march.
Sejtt. oO. Marched all day through swam])y ground.
(.)ct. 1. Arrived at Koche de l>out and rested there eiirht
days.
Oct. 4. ('apt. Thom])sou marcluHl for Detroit and left us
with the Mohawks where we lay until the eighth.
(_)ct. 8. Slarteil in a canoe with the Indians for Detroit
and lay at the foot of the rapids all night.
LOUdllERY S DEFEAT.
15
Oct. 9. (iot to Stony Point Imlf way to Detroit from tlio
mouth of tho Alanu' (Maunu'i') rivor.
^ Oct. 10. (iot to the spriiii^ woll, four niilcs from Detroit.
Oct. 11. Taken into Detroit and i^iven u)) to Major Arent
Seiujyier De I'ester wlio confined us to the citatUd, *
Oct. Hi. (Jot intt) good <|uarters and were well used; liad
clothing and liberty of going where we ]»lea.sed round the
town until the fourth of Nov.
Xov. 4. We went on board the sloop Felicity hound foi*
3«'iagara.
Xov. 5. Lay at anchor in Put in Hay.
Xov. 6. liikewise.
Nov, 7. Set sail with a fail- wind.
Nov. 8. AVind ahead.
Nov. 9, Sprung the tnast by distress of weather.
Nov. 10. Yerv storm v weather, lower our sails.
Nov. 11. Put in a Prescjue Isle 'Bay.
Nov. 12. Lav in said Harbor.
Xov. IH. Safled for Fort Krie.
Nov. 14. Went to liatteaux to Fort Schlosser one mile
above Niagara Falls.
Nov. 15. Went over the carr^-ing place to Nigara Foi-t
and put on board the Seneca.
Nov. 1(). Set sail for Cai'leton Island.
Nov. 17. Ari'ived at said ])lace.
Nov. 19. Put in the guard house at said place.
Xov. 20. Started in Battetiux for Montreal.
Xov. 21" (*ontiiuicd on our Journey.
Xov. 1*2. Lay at Oswegatchie.
Xov. 2.'i. (^ro'^sed the Long Saut.
Nov. 24. An-ived at Coteau du Lac.
Nov. 25. t'i'osst'(| the C'as('ade> to the Isle of lU'Vi'ot.
Xov. 2(5. Was lu'al by wiml up Chatc.'iiig.-iy Island.
Xov. 27. Crossed (Miateaugay rivt-rand \\v\\\ to ( 'auglina-
Avaga. an Indian village and ci-osscd t he I'ivrr St. Lawrence
with much ditliculty and lay at LaChincall night.
Xov. 2S. Drew ])ro\it>;ions and wci'e in>;ulti'<| hy druni<cn
Indians: went down to Montreal and were deii\"cr(M| to (icn.
Sjtik't^ who ]>nt us in close confincnicnt.
Xov. 29. I'emoved to the h-'Ug house in St. Mai'c )>ni'isli
and remaine<l there \intil May 2(i. 17S2.
May 2(;, "82. Scaled the pickets about 2 oClock in the
<lay time and crossed the river at Longtieil church and got
10
I.ordriF.HV S ItEFKAT.
itito tlic wooils iiiiMU'illjth'ly. ami sttMTtMl for SdiH'I liiver:
( r.)ssi'(l it lliat iiiiilit mkI \\v\\{ iiUo si Kri'inlniian s Itai'ii ami
kilU'(l two laii\l»s and took two hoi'si's ami i'o<U' all iiii^lit till
• lay lnvalc. tlu'ii we iiiado a halt, skiiiiiol an<l l>ai'bi»cnc'(| the
lainlis.
May 27. Stai'ttwl with our horses. <rot them al>o\it five
inilos ainl were ohliiifd to tiini them out ol'haiMl on accoiirit.
of swanniv i^roinid and sti'oiM'd an I'ast (.-oiirsc all dav. and
caint' to llu> riviM" Missis(|m'. ( rosscd it on a ratt : inai'cdiod
al>«)Ul 2 niiU>s :itU-r dark and (>n<-ani|)i'(l.
•May -H. .Marched ahont dayhreak. Had i;ono oiio mih*
when we heard the ilrunis neat tlu' reveilU- tVoiu a Idoek
house on said river. We steei'e(l that day st)iitheast exj»eet-
\\\i^ to strike lleason's i'oa<l hut found it not. We oneaniped
that niichi on a vei'y hinh mountain.
May 2H. Kound a hiriie (|uantity of snow on said moun-
tain. Crossed the river Mi.Nsis(|ue and another moimlain
that day and eneainju-d.
•May 'Ml Crossed three mountain.s and camped.
May HI. ('ame to a level eoiintr\' and crossed fiMir creeks,
one very ditlicult to cross, that em|>tied into Lake .Mem|)hre-
magon". We wfre ol>liy,'ed t(» cam|> on i)ad g'round that night
and our |)rovisions wei'e done.
.lune 1. Oui" [)rovisions being done we were ohligt'd to
kill our dog and i-at him. lost our conijiass hut Pi'ovidence
favored us with ch-ar weather that day and [uirt of the Jioxt.
We sterri'd our old coui'se. southeast and encam]»0(l.
•lune If. Struck a branch ot the Passumj)sic iMvi'i* and
kej)! down it. and in the i>V(Miing nnide a raft. e.xjKH'ting to
go by water Imt was disa|»[>ointed by drilt wooil. We en-
cam]H'd in tlu^ forks ot said river all idi^ht.
.lune ;>. Ke|»t our old course and struck an east brancdi of
said river. We ki'pt <l()wn it by reason of dark weather.
We eiicamjied tiial night on dead running water.
Juno 4. Made two raft^ and never got any sei'vice of
thi'm, l»y reason of ra)»id running water, and kept our old
course that day ami encamped.
.Iune«l. Continued our march and struck the settlement
ol Cohorse on said river, thai evening at one Smiths. We
came down the ("onnecticut that night and crossed below
tlu> foi'ks where we ''laid all night.
.lune". Came past Klu'. Willoiighby and to Richard
Sabnon's where we stayed all night 12 miles Irom where wo
istruck the settlement.
I
L<M (illKHV S KF.FKAT,
IT
.ImioS. Cain*^ t<> \W\'^. (ion. Hiivlfy's mid vv>\i'A iliciv
.hiiii' 1(1. Ci-ossi'.l ilic I'ivcr to Ills M.n's. K|. III'. liiiN lev's,
w here \\v ^-ot a juiir of >Ii<k.s. aii<l wi'iil !i) .laiiics Wdmlu ar(V>,'
Ks<|iiirt>. wlu'i'f Wf staved ull iiiiilil.
.Iiiiii-ll. To ('a|>l. Ladd's, 2i (iiilcs.
.1 mil' 12. 'I'o ('nl. .Ioliii>oii"s. iwo miles,
.Imu' i:i. To ('apt. Cleiio'iils on oin- way I.. I'ciin vsnli<,
1 1 miles
•liMie \\. To I'lmei'Noii's. |'!s(|. iM milt's.
.Imie l."». To("a|»t. I''avui'>. l!i miles.
.Iiiiu' 1(!. To Col. ( Jarrislies. M miles.
.Itiiie 17. To Col. Walker's in I'eniiyeiiiU. 1 L' miles, wln're
the u-eni'i-al eoni'I was. Tliei'e wt' made apidication ioi-
mone\ an<l ne.sl day uot a little.
.lime is. Went io Capl. Todd's. 1) miles.
.lime 1!». To ('apt. Walker's where we eat dinner; and
Itdl the .Merrimae river, and uol on the Ui'»';il road lor l-'ish-
kill's to heaihpiarters. and stayed that ni^^ht al the >i^-ii ..t
the Lion, ltd miles.
JimeliO. To Mr. Ilolhni s t-uir miles I'rom Lama-'ttr in
th«' I'ay Stale. '_'."> miles.
.'line iM. T<» W oreesier and from thert- to Mr. Ser^-eant's.
where we stayed three nii^hts. and i;"ot two pair ot'trowsers
niade.
. I line L'l. To Ileiij. ('(»nen'>> '.',7) miles.
.hine:i.'). To Sprinu'titdd and erosseil the Coiineet ieiit ri\(i'
ami came to Mr. I']aiiset''s in Connect ieiit province lii' milrs.
.Iimelii!. T<t Ml'. Camp's in Wasliin;^l(.n town. HMnile>.
.iniicL'7. Caiiii- past iJiiU's works and iiii<. York provint'c
til Thos .'^torm's. j^s(|.. w hcri' \\c lay all niu-lii.
.lime 2S. Came i,. l-'ishkill's laiidimj,' !.") miles and cro-scd
the Ncfth ri\-er to .\\u her^- to hcadipiartc-rs e.Npcci in<;' to ^et
a siip|)|y (i| m(»iiey. Itiit his l']\ceMen<-y was i^diie np the ri\rr
lo .Mhany and w c could not nhtaiii any. h'tmu tliemi lo
New Windsor, i' mih's. where ^\ e niei with a friend, 1ml mi
a''<piaiiitaiice, w ho lent iis money lo carrx us to 'i'hiladelphia.
whicdi was a ^reat lavor. We came that iiiuhi to .lohn
Uroiister's 1 1 miles.
.Iiineiill. 'J\) Mr. Snyder'.-^ tavern, .lei-sey jirovince. :VI
miles.
.limeHO. Came thronu'h jra(d<(>ttstowii and came to Mr.
Haslet's. 27 mile.s.
July 1. Through IMullipsburg and I'rom there we crossed
18
LOl (UIKRV S DKFKAT.
tlit^ nolawai-e i-ivrr at Iluwcllv I't-ri-y aii<l u'ot into (\'ini-;yl-
v;mia to Will. IV'iiiifti's ill \Uirk couiiiy. \'.\ inilos and L'7
JVotn Philaiic'lpliia.
•Inly 2. ('anu' to IMiiladciiiiiia '11 niilo and siayod llicri'
until tlu' Hh.
•Inly d. Starh'il Cor ( 'arlysic jilioiit ;> o'clock in t.ic aftcf-
nooii Mild canu' to tiic Soi'i'ci lloii'<«'. IM iiiilt's.
J idy ."). To ('apt. Mason s. 42 miles,
.Inly (). Came tlii'oiiiidi Lancastci" and IVom thence {•> Mid-
tletown where wc lay all ni^"hl. 157 miles.
.Inly 7. ('I'ossed ilu> Siis(|uahaii na ri\ cr ami eam<' to Cai"-
li^le ahoiit 1 o'clock-. Ll(> miles ami i'este(| three ni^dits.
.1 uly H). Starteil ;iiid eame throiiu'li Sh i]i]iensl)ni'>.': to ('apt.
'Jiios. ( 'am jihi'll's ;>(! miles.
.Inly 11. I{estc(l at said ("amidudl's.
.Inly 12. To Mi-. Welch's ahoin .") mih's.
.Inly ]l> To ei'ossinsj; .liiniala 2S miles.
.lulv Id. Came ihi-ouu-h l)edtdi"d lo Artlnii- Me(ianudiev's.
21 mi'les.
.lulv ].'). To Load's in the(ilaiU's. :52 miles.
.Inly 1(1. To Col. Camid)eir>. 2S miles.
("oiii;ri'<s Jn'l S'-'s-iimi.
Ui'liiirt No. :!i).
Ili.MHi' ■:■' Ki']ire-c'tUiiti w< .
ARCHIBALD LCUGHERY.
^
[To :o'' ciiiiipniiy Kill llou^c •■! li'prr-ciitiiin os No. till.)
J.wrARV 20. 1S47.
Ml-, lilaiiehai'd from the Committee on I'ublie Tands made
the following .
RKI'ORT ;
The Committee on I'uhlic I.an<ls. to whom was referi-ed
the elaims of Jane Thom))son and Kli/al»eth MeBi-ier. of
Westmoreland County. Pennsylvania, make the fo'dowing
j'ej)ort :
That the Commonwealth of Virginia, on tho second day of
January, 17S1, yielded to the Congress of the Cnited States,
for the benetit ot said Slates, all right, title and claim whieh
the said eonunon wealth had to the territc^y northwest of
the river Ohio, subject to the conditions annexed to tiie said
I,<M (JlJKRr 8 nKFEAT.
19
^
:ict of cession : wl.icl, said act ..f <-os.si,)iu with tlio conditions
annexed, the ConuTess of the Tnited States accepted, ainon---
which condiliiM.s was the foljowino-; .-That a (|iiantitv. Ui?t
exceedui-one huixlred and fifty ihonsand acres (.t' htnd jn-oni-
i-^ed bv tile State of Vii-o-iiiia. shouhi he allowed and uTanted
to the thi'n Cohnud mow (iciierah (^coi-o-e JJon-ers" ( MafU.
and to the ..(lict'i-s and sohiiers of his ren-inicnt who )narchr(i
with liini wlu'ii the posts of Ka^kaskias and St. Vinct'nts
weiv redncecl. and to theotticeivs and sohliei-s that have since
heen incn-porated into th<" said ivo-iineiit : to 1h' hnd «)tr in one
tract, tlie h-nu'th of whi(di not to exct'cd (h)iihh' the Invadth.
in such )>lace on the northt^asi sidt.- nf the Ohio as a inajoi-itv
ol the oHicers shall ch<..)se: and to lie afterwards diVided
amono- the said otliceiN and men in due propoi-tion accordin-;
to the laws of \'iririnia.""
The coinniittee lurther repoi't. that'll appeal's l)y the alti-
<hivit of crrdihir witnesses that Colon. d Ar(diihahl Loiio-lu'rv.
father of the ai»ove-nani('(| (daimants. ( whi<di atlidavftN ai-e
hereto annexed and made j^ai't of this report i some time
durino- the siininuM- ot ITS] raised several companies of vol-
unteers ot which he was chosen conimandei-. tor tin' pnrpos,.
ot join i no- the forces of Ceneral (leoru'c IJoo-ei-s < dark in llu'
expedition au'ainst the Mrdia^vk and Seneca J iidian>. inhahit-
iii^i;- the country now heloiio-inii- to th<' State of Ohio. 'Idiat
in Auo-iist. 17S1. he mai-(died ^vith his men to Wheeling.
Ohio. ex))ectin.o- to join the forces under said (ieneral (dark."
hilt when he ami his men arrived at Whindino- theviou:id
(ienei-al Clark had hdt that ))lace a few davs hefoi-e tiny
nri'ived Init had left hoats fl»r Colonel r.oni,dierv and his men
to follow them. That they took the hoats thus left lor them,
hut some whei'e neai- the month of the Bio- :Miaini idver'
Colonel Loutchei'y aii<l his men lamiod to coolc and eat some
food, and were attacked hy a laro-e i.o.ly <.f Indians, an.l the
said Touiidiery and a number ol his uww were killed and
the remainder taken ]MMson<'i's Ity the Indians, and never
j .lied the forces \\ ider (M-neral (dark as was intended.
Tlie committee, theretbre. i-e]>ort that, upon the above
state of iiuds. the heirs of the said Colonel Archil)ald Louirh-
ory are entitled to the same (luantity of l)ountv land as if
their father had actually joine<l the'lorces under (iem-raJ
George i?oo:ei-s Clark.
Pennsylvania. )
Westmoreland County. ) '"■
20
Lot iiUF.KV 8 DKFKAT,
Pei-soiKilly apiH^aroil l.ctor.- llu' suliscrihci-. a jiisticr of the
|K'ac<' ill aiiil ItM- sai<i coinilv. .laincs Kraii. who hciii^- duly
swoni accordiiin' to hiw. iipoii hi^ soh-mu oalh doth (U'])osc-
and sav : That soDK.'liiiu' in the siimiiu'r of sev«Mitern hiiii-
drc'd and riii'iity-onc volmitt'rrs wore I'aiscd in West inoro-
hmd County. Pennsylvania, for liic imrposc of Joininu' an
i'.\]»('dition at that tinu' niaUin^- au'ain-^l 1 he Mohawk. Seneca,.
ami otlu'i- trilH's of Iinlians; that said volnntm-s were to
mai-ch in tht' country now coiniiosinu' the .Stnte («f (Hiio:.
that the coinpanii's in Wcstiiiorchtml County were under the
(•(.niniand of Cohniel Arehihahl Lonu-heiy. and wei'e eoni-
|)o>ed ot upward o{' a liuntired men under the command of
said coh.nef This de|ion«'nl was attaidicd to a company of
i-anicers under Captain Thomas Slokely; that they had vol-
unteered to march under ihe comnmnd of (iencral (it'oi-^-e
Ivou-ers Clai'k on the expedition: that Colonel Lou^'hcry
maindicfl hi> men to Wheeiinu-. where this deitonent uncU'r-
stood they W(U'etoJoin (iencral Clark. ( )n t he ari'i val ot the
troops th'ei-c. they found that (iencral Clai'k had h-fl there
four da\s hetore. hiil had h'ft lour or live boats Ixddnd to
carr\" on ( 'oloiicl Loiii^lu'ry and liis nu-ii. Fi'(Un tiiis place
Colonel l>oUM.-|i<'rv >ent a iues>eiiirer i Piidiie Wallace- 1 alUr
Ccneral ('lark: he froiiuht word ilia! Clai'k would wait lor
tlicin a1 the niouih of --onii' creek, the name of which is not
rememi)ere(l li\- liejMpneiit. ('oloiiel Lcuiu'hcry and his com-
panies cm hark''"! in llic ho;it> lefi for tiu'iuat Wheelini;- iiy
(iencral (,'lark.and arrived on thai 'H' liie ne.\t day a1 the
iiinuth of the cri'cK'. < >n iheir way down they took sixiccn
(leserler> iVoiii the I I'oops of ( iciu-ral ( 'lark, and cari'icd them
alonu' hai-k. (Mi iheir arrival at (he ci.ek they lound Ccne-
ral ('lark and hi^ troops had lefl. ( ■oloiiei Loii-'hcry iheii
proceeded with his ini'ii alter ('lark in tin' foals. ()n the
L'lst or L'dlh of .VuiiUsi. 17>1. they landed on the north hank
,,(' lh(> ()hio. ahiuit ten ndles helow the Uiouth of the IW'j;
Miami river, lor the |uirpo->c of cooking- some victuals; ihe
river was then low : there* was a >and~iiar that reaclu'd into
the river from l he soul ii side. A^ they were kindlini!; t heir
tires, llu' Indians cominenct'd an attack from an upper bank.
Co|(Miel liOUirlu-rx ordered his ti'oops to the boats, to pas.s
over to the sambbar : as soon as ihey ciubaj'ked and eoni-
ineiiced moNdiii;' oN'cr. a lar<:'e body of Indians rushed froni
the woods on tlu' bar and |M'evented a landiiiu' or niakinu; an
escape, wdien tlie colomd order*'d us to surrender. Tliere
were uboiit thirtv men kilh'd in the Hn'ht on the ^;ide of the
lordllERV S DKFKAT
21
nvliitos. Within un liour or two af'tor tlu^ tiii:ht. this depo-
'jKMit iimU'i'siood Coionol LoULrherv wa> l<ilhMl \n- a Siiawiict^
liulian as he was sitliiii^ on a h)u': (h'j)()iu'til within that
"time saw the seal]) of the oolonel in tiie hands of an Jn<lian :
the jiociiliar eohd- oi the hair caused (h'poiieiit to l<nowtlie
■seal]*.
Jamhs Kkan. liis X mark.
Sworn and siiltsei'ihed before nie lhi> 2')\\\ Auu'ust. 1S43.
W. M (Williams.
I (h) cei-tify tliat I am acijnainled with .lames I\e:>M. tlie
t<)re<j:;()inu' (h')M»nent. ami that h(.' is a man of ei'iMJihility. aiel
that full ci'edii is o-iveii t(» his testimony as siu ii.
Witness mv hand and seal tiiis 2r)tli Aui>-usi. A. I). 1S4:>.
AV. MeAViLLiAMs. ^ J.. S.
)
State op Penxsylvaxia. ")
West.M(»kelaxd CorxTV. )
''<&.
r, David Fullwood. ])rothonotai'y of the court of eommon
Pleas of the county of V\\'stmoreland. in i he ( 'ommonwealth
■of Pennsylvania, do hei'ehy eei'tity that \V. McWilliams. Jv-;(] .
l)efore whom the foreu'oinij; (Jeposition was made, and whose
imme. in his own projiei* handwritiuix. is to the al»ove cer-
tificate a))pended. was then, and now is. an actinu; justice of
])eace in and for sai<l county of Wesi nnu'eland. duly eom-
niissioned ami a])])ointed. and to all whose (dfieial acts and
deeds full faith and credit are of I'iu'ht due.
in lestimony whei'cot' I have hereto set my hand.
, — - ■ — ^ and atfixeil the s(\'d (tt said i-ourt ai i i reenslturu'.
L. S. the twent\'-fitlh dav of Auirust. in the \'eai' of our
(
l.orcl one t housaml eiudil humlrcd and forty-thi'ee.
David Fi llwood. Prot.
Pexxsvlvaxl\. )
Bi TLER Col XT V. |
.s\'n\
Personally a]»]teared hefore nie. a justice of the peac(> in
and for the county of P>utler. AVilliam ('hrisii<'. and aftei'
'beini:; duly sworn accordinii* 1o hiw. deposelh and saitli thai
he was well acquainted with ('(done! Archibald liOUixliery.
•of Westmorehiud C<nint\". and hi> wite .Marv. and that he
}0
LOrdllERV S f>EFEAT.
was well ae(piaiiile<l with Ihoir two rcputtMl daiii^htors. Jane^
Loiii^^hory and Elizabeth Louirlirry. and tliat said Jane was-
married to Saniuci Tliompson ot' said ('(ninly of Westmore-
land, and that Elizalx'tii was nuirried to J)avid MeBrier of
the same county. And further 8aith not.
WlLFJAM ClIIlISTlE.
Sworn and suhscril>ed before me. tiiis tiie \H\\ day of
xMareh, 1844.
John Brewster, J. I*.
T do certify that I aiu acquainted Avith AVilliam Christie,,
the forei^oiiiii- deponent, and that he is a man of ci'edibility,.
and that full credit is i^iven to his testimony as such.
Given under mv hand and seal, this the 9th dav of March,
1S44.
John Brewster, J. P. ^ 1j. S. ■
1 ,\
BlTLER Cot NTV.
)
■ ss.
State of Pennsylvania, j
I, Jacob ^rechlin. Jr.. prothonotary of the court of com-
mon pleas in ami for the county of Butler, in the Common-
wealth of Pennsylvania, do l)y these }tresents. eertity th:it
John lirewster. Ks(|.. Ijefore whom the foi f^'oino- eertificale
Avas taken, and who has thereunto, in his own pro])er haiid-
writinii: subscribed his name, was at the time oj lakinij; such
certificate, and now is. an actinu" justiee of the pi-ace in and
for the said eounty. duly (•onnnissi(jned and sworn, to all
whose acts, as sueli. due faith and ci-edit are. and of riii'lit
ought to be u'iven thr(.mn'hout tlu' Pnited States and elsewhere..
, — -' — . In testimony wJK'rt,'of 1 Imvc hrrounto set mv
L. S. ■ hand and affi.xed the s('al of said rourt at Butler,,
(
in the said county, this the lUli day of March, in
the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and forty-four.
Attest: Jacob MKcnmN. Jr..
Prothonotarv.
LOrOHERY S DEt^EAT.
23
Pennsylvania.
WesTMOHELANI* COINTY. )
• ,^,9.
r.rsonally appearod before me the subsen])er. a justice of
the })eaee in and tor said eouiity. James Chamhers. who heinu:;
duly swoni aeeordiii<i: to hiw upon his sokMuti oatii doth
(U'pose and say; tiiat I was taiven })i'isoner hy tiie Indians in
.1 une, seventeen hundred and eiixiity-one, and taken to De-
troit: and that wliile tliere Kzelciol Lewis, with several
others, were broiio;l\t jjrisoners to Detroit, and state<l to said
dej)onent tluit they had been taken prisoners witli ('oh)nel
Archibakl Louu-hery who was killed hy tlie Indians. Said
<leponent was ae(piainted witii (\)h)nel Loiiirhery, and his
family consisted of a wife and two dauirhters — Jane, who
was afterward married to Sanmel Thompson, since deceased,
and Elizabeth, who Avas afterwards married to David McBriei-,
since deceasetl — wiio now reside in Washinu'ton townshij),
Westmoreland countv, and State of Pennsvlvania. And
further saith not.
James Chambers.
Sworn and subscribed before me. March (ith, 184-1.
Alexam>eii Thompson.
i do certity that I am ac(|uainted with James Chamheis
the foreii-oiiiir de])oncn1. and that he is a man of creilibility
ami that fuli credit is uMven to his testimony as sucli.
Witness mv haml and seal, this the (Uh day of March. .\. D.,
1844. " "i ^^ )
Alk.x. Thomi'son. L.S.
>TATE OF Ff.NNSVLV ANIA. I
\\ ESTMOIlEI.AMi (.. Ol NTY, \
T. I)avi(l Fnllwood. ytrotlionotary of tlu' court ot common
jileas for the count\- ot Wcstmoi ,'!anii. in t he ( 'omniuu wealth
of Pennsylvania, do hereby crtity thai A lexandcr Thomp-
son, before whom the foi'e<;'oiiiii" deposition was ntade. and
whose name in his own proper hand writ ini:-. is to tiie williin
e^'rtiticate appended, was then, and now is. an aclinu' justici-
i)[.' the peace in and for the county of Wrstmoreland. duly
24
I.OCOIIKHV S DEFEAT.
coinmissioiiod and np|>oiiitr«). andto nil whose official acts aii<'
dccMls I'lill lailli and ci'cdii arc ot'rii'-lit due.
I "~^ - — > 1m lestiinoMV wlicrcoi' 1 have lid'euiito set inv
, li.S. hand and affixe(l the seal of said coiirl at (Jreens-
— Inii-i^:. the foiii'teentii (hiy ot'Mai'ch. in he veai- of
our Lord, one thousand ci^-ht huinli'eil an<l I'ortv-
i'onv. 1)a\ii> Pri,Lwo(M>.
l'i'olhonotar\',
PeNN'SVI.V A.MA.
)
AlUISTH(»N(i ('(UNTV. \
.v.<.
Personally a]t))eare(l Ixd'oiH* the sulfscrihei* a justice of the
peace in and for said rounly. l^/eki(d Lewis, a resident of the
county of Vi'insii-on^'. I'lMinsvlvaiiia. who heinij; dulv sworn
accoi'dinn- to law. upon his solemn oath doth dcjxise and say:
That, sometime in the summer of seventeen hundi'e<l and
eiuhty-one. voiunteei's were raised in Westmoreland Countv.
Pennsylvania, tor the ])Ui-])ose of joinino- an expedition ;i;
that lime makinii' au'ainst the Mohawk. Seneca, and other
ti-ihes ot' Indians: that said volunteers were to march in the
counti-y now c(tm))osiim- the State of Ohio; that tlio compa-
nies in Westmoreland were ])ut under the command of Arch-
ibald Louu'hci'y. then a resident of Westmondand Count v,
Avho commanded said comjianies as Colonel, and was received
and a(d<nowledo'ed hy them as t heir colonel in command : the
t,i-oo))srendezv(Mis(Ml()n .'>V'//T/,r//[Sewi(d<:ley?] or.TacobSwamjts.
Westmoreland County. Colonel Loui^-hery had. wlien he
started from thi' jdaec of rendezvous, upwards of eii;ditv men :
tlie companies conij)osini!: Coloiud Lou^-herVfcS command were
commanded hy ('ajttain IJoheit Oi-r ami William Camphidl.
J was under the eoinmand ot Captain William Campbell.
l>e)ionent says they marched from the j)lace of rendezvous,
lie tliinks. to McKeesport, on the Monon_i>:ahela river and
<lescended saiil river to Pittsburu': Captain Stockley joine<l
tlu' eommaml ot Colonel Louii-hery. some place, before we
.U'-Ji _ 'Vheeiinu-. (dont recollect the place ])articularly ): from
Pi l^^Mi "; we traveled Ity land to Wheelinii'. where" we em-
'■'rivc*' Ml hoats an(' started down the ()hio river to join
Gen'-r.ji ='.ark: in one or two days we stopped at the month
ot a creek where we exj)ecte(l to" meet (ieiieral Chiid< : when
we arrived there. (Jeiieral Clark had ixowo on down the I'iver:
on our way down the river we took some deserters from
LonUlERV S DKFF.AT
2.')
fJonoral Clark's ('oinmund and carritMl tlu'iiMvitli us: Colonel
LonijcJK-ry proceed mI on down the river, intending lo ovei-taUe
-Ceneral Clark, until the 24lh Aiiirust. ITsl, nhoui '.) ».r 10
o'eloek ; we landed on tlu' noi'th hank of tho Ohio lor t lie
l)iir|H)se of f'ookini;- ])reakt'ast : M'e had killed a iMittalo the
evening- l)etore : where we landed was near ihe mouth of tlu-
]^ii,^ Miami. As we were kindling- tlie tires, tlu- Indians
comnieneed an attack upon us; there wei'e ahout tortv of the
whites killed and the rest all taken ))risoners. toL!;ether with
Colonel Louu'hei-y and all his otticcrs; in about two hour^
after we were taken, one of the Indians tomahawked Colonel
L(;uu-herv sitting' on a loii": I saw him after he was killed.
and his seal)) was taken off: de|»oiu'nl sailh he had heen in-
timately aecpiainted With Colonel Louuhei-y for some vears
l>efore the time of the eampaiuMi s|)oken of: knew he had a
wife and some children: does iu)t know how numy. And
further saith m)t.
KZKKIEL LkWIS.
Subscribed and sworn to l)efore me. 11th March, bs-ll.
John IJ. Johnston.
.1 ustice of the Peace
We do certify that we have been intimately ac(|uainted
with H/ekiel Lewis, the foreicoiiiir depoiuMil. for the last
twentv-tive years, ami that he is a man of truth ami veracity,
ami that he is so ack nowledu'ed in the neiu'hliorhood in
whicdi he was raised siiu-e the time we have been acquainted
with liini.
Witness mv hand ami seal. 11th March. 1S44.
John 11. Johnston.
Justice of the Peace. i
HoHERT C>K1{.
' l,.s, '
State of Pennsvi.n ania. )
Ar.mstkon(! Cor NT V
)
.ST
I, James Douglass. ])roihonotai'v of the court of common
pleas in and for said county, do certify that John II. John-
ston, es«]uire. before whom the Avithin (iej»osition Avas taken,
was. at the time of taking- thesanu>. an actiui^ Justice of the
peace in and fey said countv. duh- elected, commissioiu'd a nd
26
I (UOHEUY a DEFEAT.
sworn, to all wliosf otticial actH as such, full faith and ercdlt
nw due and ot riulii unu'lii to Ik' <>;ivt'n. as well throui^hout
the county aforesaid as elsewhere; and that his sii,nialure
thereto is irenuine and in his proper handwritintf.
I -^ ^-^ I In teslimony whei-eof 1 have hereunto set my
L.S. hand and atlixt'd the seal ot said county at Kittan-
— -.^ — ino. ihe llth day of March, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eii^ht hundred and l()rtv-l'our.
.1. I)oi(U..\8S. Prothonotarv.
From reports of Committees. 2nd Sess.. 2!Mh Coni^;. Xo. lU).
Same l»e}iort and attidavits made IJeports Coms. 1st Sess.
35 Contc. Vol. II. 2.S0. April 17, ISoS. [Bill JI. R. No. 504.}
t
I
AN ACCOUNT
O X'
PIGEON RDDST MASSA
Hv .lirjoK I. Xavlok."-
Tl»e war of 1812 forms an Importaut era in Anu'rioaii His-
tory. At this eventt'iil ])orio(l, I lived at my tathev's homo
in Chiviv Couiity, then Indiana TeiTitory, neai* ChaiMestown,
tl\i'ee miles from the Ohio river. >[any of the eilizens of
this eoiinty havini-- served as volunteers under (len. Harri-
son on the Tippoeanoe eanijiai,u:n. a few months jirior to tlie
deelaration of war. had imhihed a spirit of military enthusi-
asm, and were animated by feelini;-s of hostility towai-ds
(.Jreat Britain and lier savai>'e allies. They h;id hailed the
••Declaration of War." as a second -'DtU'lartition of Indepeiid-
enee."" and had manitestrd thc'r a])prol»ation of this act of
tUe Xational lieu'islaturi' by i-ejoicinu; and illuminations.
I'ndrr tlu' intluenct' ot these feelinsj^s and tln> s|)irit of
militai'V ardor, in the latter part of Auijust a eompany ot
■■■Isaac Nns lor was ho n in H()ckiiic;lKiiii roiinty. \irijinia, in 17ft > He was
the son of ,Jolin and I-lli/.ahctii Nayiorof an excellent family on hotli sides.
His mother was the only sister of James, .jolm and ( Inirlcs lU'^'fis, who were
|>iomimni in Indiana Teiritorial and siat(> atl'airs. Ills parents nn)Vcd to
(.'harlestown. Indiana, when lie was still a child. In 1>1I7 he .\ as admi! ted
to the bar. lli> 'Aas in the militia service of the Indiami Territory from
|si;5 to IM » inclnsivi'. and fouuht at the battle of Tippecanoe. In Is'-'d he
married Catherine Anderson, danvdit r of Cafdain Robert An lerson of K v-
olutioiuir.v faiMe. He moved to ( 'i awfords\ ille in is.fi.aiul was i n is.^T elected
Jnd.c of the twi ifth circnit, ami served until ISc'. In ISMi he was elect d
Jud^o of the Court of Common I'leas. retlrin;? to jirivati,' life In hil8. IJe
died lit CrawfordsviKe Indiana, Ai)rU 2ti, I.n^.
I
28
IMtiF.oN H<i(i«;r MASS \< l«F.
iiumiiti'il I'itlt'iiu'ii. (■oiniiuiinlcd Itv ('apl. I'iltiiiaii iiun'cluil l<'
N'iiict'iiiK's |(tr till- (li'loiK't' dl" tlu' wt'sli'iii ]M)iMi()ii of tlu'
TciTitoi y.
AImhiI tliis time, wi' Icariu'd that (Icii, liiill liad disi^raci'-
I'lilly siirrciHU'rrd Ids gallant army In the Hrilish iM-iicral a-<
prisdiKTs of wai'. Till' news of this cNciit |ia>«s('d ihroiii;'h
iht' 'rt'ri'itory like an (dcctric shock. iii>))iriiii:' all with Icar-
i'ld for(dM»(|iiiii-s ol' Indian dcpfcihilions and iniiiscriniinjitc
slaiijihti'i" ol the inhaltitant.s alonu' llu- line of our IVonticr.
( )iir ant i<-i|ial ion> of ini|H'ndin!j,' «'\il Wi'Vi' ^oon rcali/i-d.
A siinultant'oiis attaci< was made Ity th«' Indians at many
)»oints of oui" Iron! i<'r sett U-nn-nls. At siinsi'l . ahoiit lhrtii'>i
of A iiii'iisl. >onn' I'in'ht oi" ten Indians madi' an attack on
what was callcij tlu' l'ii;'con IJoost s«'tticmcnt. tiflccii miles
li'om ('harh'slow II. and in one hrict hoiii' killed ahoiil twenty-
three persons, inclinlinii' men. wonn-n and (ddldren. some
of wh(»ni were consume(| in their homes w her(> t hey w i-re
mnrdi'ri'd, r>ut one house was sin'<'esst'ully (hdemled. This
Avas the house ol' .M r. ( 'ollinus, ihe lat her of Ztdtulon ( 'ollinu's.
\']>i\.. who has wi'itleii a more specitic and enlarged account
of this massacre.
One of tiie sons of Mr. Coliinii's was at work in a fiehl. and
was m(»rlally wouiide(l hi'tore he could reaidi Ids i'atliei's
<lweliinLr. IIa' was found in a da\' oi' two in a Hax house,
and dii'd shoi'tly atterwards.
.\fter scalpiuii: ''ind manuliiiij; their \ictims in a most lioi'ri-
l)le mainmr. the Ii.dians then piundei'ed and set tire to the
ileuses and consuini'd them to asln-s.
1 heard the news of this niournfu! event al»out In o"clo(d<
in tlu' morniiiii- ot \\\v next day alter it had ot'curred. and
having; my ritle. |)owder and hullels in oi-der in thirty min-
utes 1 was on my horse mai'(ddnn' towartl \\\v Tiueon IJeosl.
I was soon in eompany with many mounted I'iflemen wjiom
I found on the i-oad. We arrived at the ill-tated spot ahout
■J p. m.. oui' c(uupany liaNdno- iiicreasiMJ to the niimhei" of two
<'!• thri'*.' hundred mounted riMemen.
Oh. what a mournful scene ot <lesolation. carmiu'e :ind
<lc>ath met our vision, as we hidudd the sniokinji' laiiiis of loi^-
i'ahins and the manirletl hodies of men. and women, and
(dnldrt'i), their once ha]>py inmates.' ! I had st'cii the Tippe-
<'aiioe l>attle-tields sti'ewn with dead ami dyiiii;' soldie'i-s.
They ha<llalU'n in tieadly strife with a saxau'o toi- whom they
]iad eomjiierecl. 'riioy had lallon in tho soldier's eoslume,
I
I'lilKiiN l<iM»sl" .M.\S> \< lu;.
21>
M >o|(li«'r*s jii'iiioi'. Tlicv wiTt' ciitiili'il III ;i soldirrs uTiivc.
N(»l s(i ill ihc I'iiiToii luMisi iiiasMicri'. IIcit all were
iliHiiiirtl (() iiitli>ci'iiniii;itf >«l.'i iiu'litcr. Ii'dih iIh' sucUlino- lialu*
It) llu' liujii'N lu'a<l('<| i^'raml iiiot lici' and ti'raml siri'. Nriilici'
au'c. nor st'N. nor licaiitv, nor innocriicr coiild slav llu- hand
ot ilu' merciless savaye.
Till' I'iu'eoii IJnusi sett ItMin-nl \\a«- eontined lo jr^s tlian a
scelioii ot land. It \\;is a lertile s|m>i in the midst ot siir
rounding" st-rilii v. Itsfcrlilitv wa^dnelo ihc ro()>t ini!,' td
|»ij;"eon> there !()!• a loni;' scries ol" vears. |i w a-^ detaehed
t'r<»m the main selllciiient hv an inti'rxenin^' distanee oj' ti\e
miles.
A .Mrs, lical. wliosi- luislpand \va"> :i soliintecr in ('ajitain
I'ilman's eonipany at \ ineennex. hearing:," tin- \r\\>. ot' the
Indians, rctireil Iruin her lou'calnn, with her two infants, to
a sink hole in a < orntii-id. and I'emained t here till nine or ten
o'clock at nii;-ht. when >he Ict't hiM' liidinu' plaec ami traveled
;•■ loiu'lv path to the main settlement, where -^hc arrived in
sati'ty with hci" (dii Idren. at two oclock the ne\i nnirninn".
exhihit inu' a presene*' ot niiiid ami a di'i^'rcc of moral coiiiaii;*.'
hiii'hly hoiioi'ahle to temalc characler.
Ahinit this time an attack was made on h'ort Harrison I'V
M thousand or twcl\c hiiiidi'e<l Indians. The i^arrixm. eon-
si>iiiin-,)t' a cmnpaiiy ol' I', S. Iiit'aniry wa-^ commanded h\
<'a|ii Za(liar_\ Taylor, now .Major ( Icneral Ta\ lor coniinand
inii'thc ('. S. A rm_\ in Me.\ic,>. The l-'opt w as most ^Mllanl ly
and siicces^t'ully deiemleil. ami al'ler a sie^-*' ol' five days the
I n«lians ret ire<|. .\\ threeo'idock in I he al'tcrnoon wctonnd
the I ml ia IIS t rail and )iiirsiic(l ii t ill dark, and t hen cm am pel.
l''iiidiim" llial 1 he Indians had IctI the l*iu'coii li'oo>t early in
I he nKtriiiiiu'. \\e retiirneil hmiie. In two or ihi'ce day-- a
lai'u'e niiniher of hrav'e Kent iickians came to our as>i>iance.
They were all iiioniite(| rilleineii. an.\ioii> to a\ eiiire I he deal h
ortlio>.c iint'ort imale iidiahilants who had heeii murdered at
l*iii,'»>oii lJoo>|.and the\' Were Joined hy a laru'c niiiiihcr oi'
lieliana nioiinli d ritleiiicii. who comnieiiecd an cNpedition
ai:";iiii>^t the helawiirc Tow n>. located on the wevi iu'amdi of
White river. In at tein jit in^' a military ori^-aiiv.at ion, the e,\-
peilitimi failed throni^'h the amlutiou ot a lew men who
desired to have the comniand of the troops We then dis-
persed ami retireil to oiir homes, limliiii;- a i!;etu'ral ]»aiiic
ann)ii<j; tlu- people, many of whom had lelt tluMr homes and
a'one to KMitii(d<y.
The court, honso ut Charlcstow ii was couvcrled into u fori
30
TMOFON-HOOST MASSAf^RK.
iov the protoi'lion of the low., and its vi.-initv. Forts woro
oivctoii all lUoiii.- the h'lic of urn- fn.ntici- set t I.'miumiIs Thov
^^■i^vc .i^amsoiKHl hy the inillitia ot the Torritorv. whoso duiV
It \vus to rai.nv iVoin one fort to the other, iiiilil thesprin--- n\
]S1.». when the ('. S. liai.uers wnit into service In "the
early part ot Mareh. 1S|;!. the Indians killed a Mr. llumnaii
woun.UMJ Ins wife, and took his o-rand-so,, prisoner in da^
i.U'ht. in sio-h( „r one of the forts, ei-hr, miles from Charle.-
town.
Thepn'eedino- ishut a hrief and imperfect sketch of the
Avar scenes oi 1S12 and "K? as thev appeared in a portion .>f
Indiana. '
in.
PIGEON-ROOST MASSACRE
A. W. Tmiii\-<. in Mum-UN r..ri;iKH.
i
_ Pipon IJoost Avns the iiaino of a siiini; siMlU'iiiem Ioi-iiumI
HI 1S()!». arul was so calKMl froiii iho iiiiniiiU'i-al)U' iiuinlx'i- ol
jMircM.ii.s that roostt'.l ill that viriuiiv. It was situalcl five
miU's south of Scottshiir--. tht' |)ivsent count v-scat of Scott
and near a hcautiful stivain that hcai-s the nicinoi-ahh' nanic
until this (hiy. At the lime of the niassaciv most of the iik'h
^vcre away troni home. In thi- afternoon of Se|>t. ;j. iSli'.
Kills Payne and a Mi-. Collinu-s. Aviiile out hee-hiintiim- oiu"
and a hall miles from the |)resenl site ol' \'ieiiiia. were siir-
pi'ised and killed by a party of Shawnee warriors. Sralpiiiu'
tlieir victims, they hastened toward tln^ settlement, which
Ihoy reached about sundown. In oin> short jiour one man,
tive Avomen and sixteen childi-en were si ruck di'ad bv the
ruthless tomahawk of the liendish savau^s. Ainoii.." the
killed wore Henry ("ollin-s an<l wile. .Mrs. I'aviie aiul her
oiu-ht children. Mrs. (."ollinirs and her seven criildren. .Mrs.
.lohn Xorris. her only (diild ami a.<>-ed mother-in law- (i)r the
a,ue<l were sjiariMl no more than the iiitani. Mrs. Hiu-n-s con-
cealed herselt and childrcMi in a sink-hole, uniil thel'mlians
became busily enu-auvd in burniiii;- and |)lunderiiio-. ujk-,,
she i\v(\, and succeeded in reachini>- the residence of Uov
brother. .lohn Collinjrs. son ot William K. Collinii-s. had jusi
<'au,u-ht a horse to iro after the cows, when he saw an Im'lian
:»j)proachiiio- ii, a t hivatenini,^ attitude, lie drojiped the rem
and fled, jMirsued by the savaiTc who was iraini 111,^)11 him
when ho heard the report of his lather's rifle, and saw the
savaire fall with the ])loo<l streaming from his breast. He
..succoodod in roacdiiiiir the house in safetv. There was in the
house: William iv Collinirs .whom the' [ndiaiis well knew,
iuui tro7ii Ills unerriiii»: aim nanuMl J.onn; Knife ». his two chil-
<lren. .lohn and i.ydia, and Ca]»tain Norris. Thev ke])t the
Indiana back until about dark. Thev knew that* as soon as
I'K i Kl ).\ - Hue IST M ASS AC U K.
it was (lark oii()Ui;li toi- the Indians lo aiiproiich llio lioiiso
without hoiiii>- schmi. tht-y uoiihl sci tii\' lo it, and l)iii'n tlieni
alivi'. Thi'v theivl'orc (k'rided to risk thcporil ot cs{'U})0.
Lydia wont lii'st. then iu'r brother John, followed by Xor. !s,
and lastly. '-Loni:: l-viiile." As the latter was passin*:; the
• ■orn-eril) an Indian tii'ed at him. He immediately- raised
his u-im to reluiMi the tire when he loiind that (he ball tired
by the savaii;e had broken the lock ol'his o'un. lie hjillooed
to Norris to bi-inu,' him the other gun. but Norris was like the
irishman, -"lie had a brave heart. l)Ul eowardly pair of lei>-s."
and they earrieil him away, ieavini;- ('oUinjjjs to ti<j;;ht the
hnlians ;-,lone with a broken icun. When they crowded him
too elose bv would I'aise his u'un and )>i-elend tliat be was
U'oini>; lo tirt'. and thus Iriu-jiten them luudc: foi' they knew,
from the many shoot injj;-matches in wbi(di he eame out
second t(» none, that it was tolly to stand before '.... aim. In
this way he rea^died tlie corn ticld. under co\ci' of which he-
esca]>ed. After plundcrinu" the houses the Indians set tire to
them and most of the dead bodies beinic witiun tlu' houses
were thus consumed. However, some of the children were
pierce(l by shai'p >ticks and lelt sit t iuii,- a^'ainst trees. Tiieir
horriUle i\v(u\ accomplished, t lie 1 ndians starte(| ncu'thward.
A laru'c force y){' Clark County militia wei-e soon u-athcred
from the vicinity ot Charleston, which reached tin' scene of
carnau'c. while l he sm(»kinu- remains of the caiiins ang charred
bodies pi-esented the m.ist horriltle spectacle 1 hey had ever
wi!in'sse<l. ^riiey imniediately pursue<l the sava,i>;es to the
.M nseataluck. which they found so much swollen that the\'
could not etfcct a ero>sinii-. and were compelled to u'ive up
the pursuit. They then reiurned ami buried the rtunaiiis
ol' the \ictims in two ui'avi's. abcMit nne humlred yai'ds east
ol the.l. .M. iV 1. railrorcl. and near what is since known as
the lMi!,"e(ni -roost or Sod(nM Cenn-lery. At jweseiit tliei'c is
nolhimr t(^ show when' the o-raves are. except three or foui"
roui;-h sioncN and a laru'c sassafras tree. whi( h is said to lu'.ve
witnessed the event. l)ul is now ihouu-lu to be entireU' dead.