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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont fiimAs en commenpant par la premiire page qui comporte une empreinte d impression ou d'iilustretion et en terminant par la derniAre pege qui comporte une teUe empreinte. Un des symboles suivsnts apparaitra sur la darniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRlj ' le symboie y signifie "FIN". Les cartes, plenches. tableaux, etc.. peuvent dtre fiimAs A des taux de reduction diff«rants. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich«. il est film« A partir de I'argie supirieur gauche, de gau':he A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant ie nombra d'images n«cessaire. Les diegrammes suivants illustrant la mithode. 32 X 1 2 3 4 5 6 f 1 i , I. r \ >^^* 3? i WINDSOR^, N. s: f. ir. Knotrleit, I'rUttev, i88i. Windsor Water Works. i • to c. wate that ]jHct KlDf sul)j the som |ionc »> •' Halifax, ISihScpiemher, ISSl. ED WARD DIMOCK, ESQ. , Warden of Jl'h'dsor. Sir:— The preliminarvsurv>;vsforthe Wirids'^r Water Works, having been made by Mr. C. E. W. Do'dwell and the plans placed in niv hand^- for the pur- l)ose of'examination and repporting upon the feasibility oi introducing into the town a copious water supplv for do. .. ^llc. sanitary and nuinufactiiring purposes and for the sui)])re.ssion ot nns. 1 beg to submit to you tlu- following report : On the 1 2th of August last, in company with jourscif and some of your Town Councillors. I went over the greater pnirt of llvj two j.roposed pipe_ lines. The surveys had been commenced at a point on Fa!i lirook a short distance above "The Falls." about four miles from Windsor. Our obx-rvaiion extended up tile brook to Mill Lake, some four and a ijuarter miles bey(jnd the starting point of the surveys. From tiie lower end of Mill Lake, Fall Brook runs for .about three quarters of a mile through level swampy land at the termination uf, which a rough wooden dam has been constructed for milling or logging ])urposes. From measurements taken at the sluceway through this dam it is estimated that the discharge of water at that i)oint was at the time of our visit at least 2000 gallons i)er minute. The brook falls gently from the dam ior about half a mile, then flows nearly level for another baif mile, and from thence continues to fall rapidly towards Windsor. As far as I can learn no gaugings have ever been taken of the water flowing through this brook, nor i:- the drainage area known. From information, however, furnished by the person who accompanied us as guide, and who appeared thoroughly familiar with the country and every point along the course of the stream, it appeares that during the dryest weather there is never less than about half the amount of water running through it, which was to be seen on the day of our inspection. At "The Falls" from rough measurements taken on the same day the discharge was estimated to h-. about 1,500 gallons per minute or 500 gallons less than was passing through the since 31^ miles further up the stream. The discripancy is due to the fact that at an intermediate point a quantity of water is di/erted into another channel. The foregoing measure- ments although they can only be regarded as very rough approximations are nevertheless sufficient to establish the fact that an abundant water supply can be obtained from this source for all the probable requirements of Windsor, even when it shall have grown into the magnitude of a city. The supply therefore being practically unlimited the next question to be con- sidered is the quality of the water. Upon this subject I do not feel in a position 9 901029 (\o4) her, 1881, :, having been !■• for the pur- icing into the uriiig purpoiies iving report ; some of your icd pipe Hnes. short distance on extended up e starting point three quarters a rougli wooden it is estimated sit at least 2000 3ut half a mile, ^ntinues to fall lave ever been ;e area known, nied us as guide, ry point along eather there is t, which was to a measurements [,500 gallons per .< miles further ermediate point going measure- roximations are ;r supply can be Windsor, even estion to be con- feel in a position to express any decided opir.ion. To all outward a])])earan some otiier towns. It is decidedly better tiian tin- water sup- plied Mj some C'anadiaii cities with which 1 ain acquainted, being free fiom any smell or disagreealile taste. The only proper method of settling the question of ([uality would be to subject a sample to the test of a chemic al analysis. Possibly the construction of the storage reservoir at 'he hiead of the pip' line may have the effect of removing some of the discolouration as the reservoir will act to some extent as a settling pond. The point selected for the construction of the dam is a very favorable one a short distance above the falls. The bed of the stream at this point is 170 feet above higli tide, and the valley is so narrow that a dam ot'from 1 >S to 20 feet in height can be cheaply constructed, if suitable clay for puddling can be obtained within a reasonable disla.ice. A hard gneissoid rock unde.lies the soil a few feet below the surface, so that it will probably be necessary to incur a little ex- pense in blasting through it for the base of the puddel wall of the dam, for the gate house and for the channel leading to and from it, as it would not be advisable to conduct the water through or under the dam. The pip-; litie (Line A,) which fo'lows along or near the main road for the greater portion of the distance into Windsor, is not so favorable as the more direct line (Line C) crossing tin; hill near the plaster ([uarries. It is al)Out 3000 leet lorig.r than the latter, and I can see no good object to be gained by its .'.doption unless there are likely to l)e witnin a short time a sufficient number of water takers along the line t. pay annually a sum exceeding the interest on the additional eost. The present popidaiion of Windso/ is stated to be about 2,500, out of ivliich number the water supjj'y would not probably extend to more than 2.000. If U'ind- sor is likely to increase in po, ulation it would not be prudent to estimate on fur- nishing a supiply ti; '.ess than tlouble this number of persons, and the usual (pianti ty of water wl',:ch it is customary to assume each individual will consume an i waste, is 60 gallons per day. In large towns the quantity of water which maybe required for extinguishing fires is far less than that needed for domestic and other i)uruoses. In small phices asm the case of Windsor this rule is reversed. The surface of the water in your reservoir will be about 130 feet abo'.e the highest part of 'die town. If we assume for the present that 30 feet of pressure will be lost by llic friction of the water through the pipes, there will remain an ef- fective head of 100 feet. A one-inch jet playing on a fire from a head of 100 feet will discharge about 150 gallons per minute, and it would be well to allow for at least two such jets playing upon a fire simultaneously. I know of no method of arriving at the probable quantity of water which you are likely to require for manufacturing purposes, the amount therefore can only be assumed. In all probability an allowance of 60,000 gallons per day will be sufficient for many years to come. The total quantity of water which you will require may therefore be esti- mated as follows : Domestic supply to 4,000 i)ersons, at 60 gallons per head per day, 240,000 gals. Supply to manufactories, say 60,000 " 300,000 " Or nearly 210 gals, per minute. Add for extinguishment of fires 300 " '• " Total quantity of water required 510 " •' " Pipes of different sizes laid on the direct route (Line C.) would discharge the following quantities of water : — ,:C^ 3 A 6-inch pipe would deliver 212 gallons per minute. •' 7 " ; 3" ;. .. " •' 9 " '• : '5 u . '. "10 i( " " ,, ,,,iving at tile results the --.JJ/^^ ^^^ "^^^ ^^^ '^ stand at an elevation of 185 feet ^l-ve 1 gh ■ *- ^^_h^. ^^^^^^ ^^,j^.^,^ ,,,out :6,300 feet from ^^^ !'T^^Z^^^,,r.. tl^c delivery of wUer u. l^ilT' ll'i::vltS no1.;:^t^e. caS; be delivered into the town than ^^-r t^i".;'^^- ov:;^r the fVietion of U. ...r in mains of difi^rent Kizes disdv^rginK c;,o gallons per minute is as tollou. . si^es discn-rgmg 51b ' ^ , , ,,, ,,^ ,„ r feet more than is available. the plugs to be of effective service^ ^^e ofTi' d-^ ^^i^"-'^^^^ ^^ ^^'^^''^ ""' ''°^ ous for you to put down would »^J «"^ J^ f "^ |,,,i,dings in the highest parts of ever-after a time-give a g«°; .J^*; P-^,^^,^;';", .y n^ich more, it would give you al the town. A lo-.nch '"^•I^.^^^^^i iTdSri^cts and would be the best s.ze of the fire pressure you need in the h'g'^^.f "'^'\,^ ■. ^^ your laying a larger one. A pe for you to adopt if your means will "» J^^m t ot oiu t,^^^^^,^b ^^^^^.^^ ^^ ©t saving could be effected by aymg ^^'^^^'.^^a the summit near the a 1 0-inch pipe for about 8,000 feet or to ^J^^ > ^,^^ ^i^^.^.e. A main of plaster quarries, and a 9-1"; P'P^ J^fJ^^ or 936,000 gallons per day. Ihis description will discharge 65° 8'^ ^'^^f";^ g',/^ f^^^, leaving 50 feet, or The head necessary to ^^^''^^^f J ' l'-^'^ fo" fire pressure at the town summit about 21 >4 lbs. pressure on the ^q"^':^^"'^ I '^^„ulied and the works shall be rivingstrectwhenthepopulationsha have do M^^^^ ^^^. ^,^^ ^^^, dmwn upon to the full capacity estui^a ed. As a ma^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ,^ , few years, while the works are new he p essure > ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^ above stated. As this ^o^^P^^^^f^^f^^^ioferfor some year, to come, an excel- domestic, sanitary and mamifacuringF^^^^^^^^^^ ^„,,„ .,„d a fair fire lent fire pressure in the lower and '"^^^"^^^^^"J ^^at it will be adopted and the nressure in the highest portions, I have assumeu i ^_^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ Sate of the colt of the works is ma^de upon thsdata^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^.^.^,^ .^ whole distance would however be b^"";'"^^',! additional expense involvea. --^^Thf^o'stT^^^^^^^^^ ^-- '''-'' " ''' '-' ^^^5S ^pS«£- ^^,!ST '-^ "^ -'-' " '"' ^^"^^ delivered along the pipe Ime may be taken as below ^^ Cost per ton in Great Britam •;■•;;;;;;;;;;;.■. y'.so Duty *' 4.00 allowance for breakage, etc = = = ' " " . Total COS. per ton delivered along the line $44-80, or . c.s. per lb. 1 assumed to ihc main is street which y of witcr in ihc town than ins of different is available. : for fires, re for fires, lire for fires. not however af- nes and in the ient water from ,-oiild be jiidici- ^voiild not how- \ighest jarts of uld give you all he best size of a larger one. A would consist of mnmit near the nee. A main of gallons per day. ving so feet, or le town summit works shall be se, for the first letter than that r you require for I come, an excel- 1 and a fair fire .dopted and the inch main for the pressure which it »se involvea. of iron at the ; cost of the same o o o 0, or 2 cts. per lb. This estimate is greater than the cost will be if the pipes are ordered now while iron is at a low figure. It may however rise sudtlcnly at any moment, in whii h case the above estimate may be i)retty near the actual cost. During last December iron j.ipcs such as yourecjuire were quoted in [,f)ndon at from ^4. 17. 6-. to ;^5. o. 0., per ton of 2240 lbs., and if when you give your orde." they can be had at such low rates the saving effected will be al.out $4,000, as you require ai)out 620 tons. In order to provide against possible contmgencies it is safer to base the calculations upon the higher estimate which I have conseciuently done. The subjoined table will give you the weights, cost and safe head of water for pipes of different sizes an 1 thickness : V B 5 C\ S . U 1 "n y ■c ^ V " -s ^- c/1 ""■ 2 « .£Po ^^ y to ,.5 = _ I (J S ^ ri O C/5 m. 4 6 8 9 9 10 10 m. lbs. lbs. $ 3-8 160 t8 •36 3-« 230 26 .=;2 7-16 350 39 .78 7-16 394 44 .88 1-2 450 50 I. GO 7-16 430 48 •95 1-2 500 56 1.12 $ .62 .84 113 1.28 1.40 1.38 r.54 $ •77 1.05 1. 17 1.29 1.27 1-43 feet. 600 400 350 300 350 250 300 From an insjjcction of the last column in this table it will be seen that as far as the head of water at your command is v,.^ncerned you may safely use thin pipes provided there is the certainty tiiat they an^ good castings 'of regular thickness througliout, as it is clear that the thinest portion of the casting limits its stre' \\\. The principal risk in usmg thin pipes is the danger of their being fracture^ '\ transhipment and removal to the trenches. The saving however effected by the r use is so great that the breakage of a (qw of them would not be a matter of much importance. It is by no means an uncommon occurrence to find in cutting through a pipe supposed to be 5-8ths of an inch in thickness that one side is 7-8ths and the other 3-8ths thick, sometimes the difference is even greater in pipns which until cut were supposed to be perfect in section, as they had withstood for years high pressures and the ordinary shocks to which in practice nearly all pipes are subjected. The usual method of jointing water pipes is with molten lead which is after- wards caulked in solidly. Each joint will take about the following weight of lead : Diameter of pipe, 4 in., 6 in., 8 in., 9 in., lo in. Weight of lead per joint, 4 lbs., 9 lbs.. 10 lbs., 14 lbs., 15 lbs. This makes a good and safe joint when well done, it is however expensive and there is always the risk of careless workmen allowing the lead to run through the joint and into the pipe thus obstructing the flow of water. A few weeks ago when engaged in scraping out a 6-inch main supplying Mount Hope Lunatic Asyium with water, a large number of obstructions of this kind were found, and in o'e case so much leaJ had been allowed to run past the joint that the main was about half filled up. A piece of about 30 lbs. weight was also recently taken out of a 15-inch main in this city. Wooden joints have been in common use in this city for more than 30 years iind where the work has been faithfully done thev have stood well and are as liKht and peifect now as wlien first < xeculed. 'Ilicre have inen however a v. rv ^reai niunber of failures and old joints aie even now sometimes blown out. As the pressure in your pipes will not be excessive si:rh joints will answer the i-urposc if you can get i,'ood and fiithful workmen to do the work. They will not answer at all if the work is done by contract as it is Kure tf) be siij^hted in that case. 'I'lie best method and the one which I would recommend is the use of "turned aufl bored" Jomtsr they are superior to either of the others, and are cheaper than :he ordmary lead joints. 'J'hc cost on the whole of your works will not probably $500 moic than if the w'oden joints are used, whereas the rest of the exceed leaden joints above the wooden ones wouM be about $i, 51 The entire leni,'th of your main bv the direct route wi ,500. ,, , - . - . - '"ill be about 17.800 feet, ar«cl l)y the accompariymg jjlaii the distribution pii)es are arranged in the follow- mg manner : Name ov .Stkkkt. i8-in. piper6-in Lgt. in ft Streets in suburbs south of the town summit. Kim: st Water St Avon ;;t C'iiestnul .'it Aiberi st Stannus st (Jerrishst Victoria st (jray st .Street to .ailway crossing: Total si 1,800 1.200 pipe 4-1"- pipe Lgt. in It. Lgt. in ft. 1,000 4:10 4S0 270 2,C30 1.820 940 1-250 ,■^.000 ' f0,2.|0 (>C0 550 '.350 a jiipe of le.ss than 6 }iy diis arrangeme:it no fnc hydrant will be sui)plied off inches diameter, to uhich it is advisable you shoud Mclhtiv. I may be accused of e.^trava-a nes in making provision "for suvh a C)mi.a'i- tively large number of fire hydranrs as are shown u;.on the plan, vi- 41 but I'm— remark that as the bmldm-s are so scattered you neeJ everv one of ti e'm in order 10 be thoroughly protected against the ravages of fire. Each hvdrat.t represents an engine reaay for us;' at a moment's notice, and if \nu sho •! 1 place fewer .f them and at greater distances ai)art there might when'needcd be d.dav in gcttin,' -utncient engthof ose to reach a building on fire, bes des which there wj\i!d be consideraole loss oi pressure from the friction of the watjr i)assin- throu-di Ion- lennhs of hose. • ' .> l- r, The following estimate of the cost is for a compound m lin of 10 and o inches (.lameter It embrace^ the whole cost o th- works, including all the distrib ition pipes and fire hydrants shown upon the ],lan and also the bran.:h servio- pines laid to the houses for their domestic sujjply. ESl'LM \TES. 4.0C0 feet of 10 inch pipe, 1-2 inch thick, at $1.43 $5,720 4.00^ " 10 - " 7-, 6 " •' • ,.27 5,080 5^=>oo " 9 " " ,-2 '• " '• r.20 0,450 4-800 " 9 '• " 7.16 " '• - ,.,; 5,616 3,000 10.240 710 3-S I.D^ ,02 .515 IsO .885 837 c'll ,intl are as owtvtT a vi ry jwn out. As tli'e r the |>iir|-usc will not answer lliat casL'. 'I'ho )f "liiriH'd anti icaptT than rlic not piohalily c rosi of tin." lilt 17,800 fVet, in the follow- of less than 6 1 a cimua'.i- 41, but I may ti cm in ordcr it, represents lace fe«'<.:)' of lay in gettiiij; eie would be lirough lon^ and y iiicjics distrib ition ;ervice i)ipes Analysis of the Water of Fall Brook. i^AMPLK FUKXISIIEl) HY THE TOiyN COUNriL OF WINDSOR. ■Solid Constituents 0,35 grains in a gallon. Preo Ammoma „ oi parts in a .niilion. Albuminoid Ammonia 00, ■• .... ,> Trace, but not, an appreciable amount. TlHTo wa., no appronHl.l,. a„,..unt of suspon.lid inccl.anical Impurities. the ,0 i.l consu„u.nt.s, 0.2.)snuns in . gallon consists of o.^an.c matfr (almost The water is romarkably soft, owing to th« absent ipa.iionlarly) of Sulnl.ate an.l Carbonate of Lnno. For steam purposes it can be re.ani'l as nearly pure !^^utv tions in boilers occuring only after great lapse of timer ^ ' 'nciu.st.v From the sanitary point of view, it may be stated that few to,v„, are so fortunate iu. to be able to get a supply of water of such purity. Even the .iiseoloratio, is of T^o " ance, and would likely be lighter in summer. "i^nnpoii Iliver water generally co.Uams several grains of .olid matter in a gallon. Of many gallo... Fall Brook contains 0.3.^ grains in the same ,,uantity, and may be pla...! t::^ttt "'/^" ''^^'"'1 """'^''^•' ^^ '"*^ 'i-"tity o/kibun.ini .^:;nm:,:i:i IS so small-for even .f this very objectionable impurity were present to three times the present amount, it would still be classified amongst verv .-re potable waters , It must be noted that the summer supply might not v:r d quite the same results to analysis, let If the water were likely to contain much foreign matter in summer it would not have been found to be so pure as at prcent. summer, J. W. SPENCER, B. A. Sc, Ph. D., F. G. S. King's College, Windsor, N. S., Dec. 16th, 1881. Analy.st. ric i .1 4 ^ ^in^ e 4. Mrnnts. with brand, pipes complete and f'l'tciaic.MinK^ami-pii;^;-;;^;-;;;;,— ;- 111 special places J 'am allow <;ate.|,o,,sc and si'.;;cn:d;;;n;i;e,;;"i;,|et ' nnd A.id f,,r rnck excavatio;;:v;,;;„-|;-d;;;:;;:;,„ •^'5 2,665 500 1,500 1.500 1,500 i.Soo 3-135 Total probable cost Of works complete .,« iiiiiilissi » -"^ """-'1 i cannot recommend. "t- **''» an uncertainty Vour obedient servant. E H. Keating. TD ^7942 ;oo 00 'uld be ad- tli woodfi) tlie whole if "turned added to of 'iiatcli J'ly clean- •m. Tliis •" These |g "hatch 'I he ex- lave only .their use, 'Vitli cast e with a certain tv