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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. y errata )d to nt ne pelure, iqon 6 T\ 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■It ,* ^' tr- ■W &L is»- \^ r-^ HALIFAX AND QUEBEC XtjLxAij W XlL X % RE F GET BPON TH1£ S UR VB YS, EplJ TES> A N D: E ST I M A T E S [THiftt) KDITtOlf.] By A. L. LIGHT, M. INST. C. E. LaU OMef Engineer of Bmlways to the Province of New SrummcM. WITH A MAP. DECEMBER, 1861. I ■• / * V-". r yi^ (KTOIUA StKEF.T, Wi:.srMi.\sTi:if, S. W. Ulh Ikcnnhcr, ISGl. ITavi.nm; (levotc'il llic la.st \\\xvv. iiiuntlis to ;i ifconiioissniicc ui lln' scvcnil roiiti's li)r the projmscl Iiilrrcoloiiial Hail way, I have |)rr|>are(l tlic (i)lh)\viii!; remarks. They are not based ii[)(iii an acliial siirvry, hii! mcrciy ii|)on all exaiiiiiialion u rt! n'o iind at most oi' the (liliicuh points, and also ii])on inforination obtained Ironi reeonls cxislini;' in the proviiu-es ; and I'nMii eoiisultatioiis A\ 1th Messrs. \Vi;^htiiian, \\ ilkiiison, and Ivamsay, intelligent 'Mi^iiieei'sn'sldiiis; in Newl^riinswiek, v.lio assisted .Major Koljinsoii in makiin; Ins vaiuai)le survey ; and. lastly, i'rom my own e\perienee in loeatiiii^- and eonstriictinn' sadi works in ilic I'nitfd States, the t'anad; a IK the i^ )v.('r pro- viiues, exteiidin.u- over a period of IS years, tlie last 11 years ol which I lia\(' oeeiijiied the ])osilion of J]n;;ineer-iii-Cliier J'or three dillerent railways XeW'lh'nnsv. i(d;, and Nova Scotia, auioniitiiiq in leni^tli III the state ol M; line to ahonl •J iiiiles. 1 oiler then these sii;,''-encraliy very reliable.* 'I'lie lirst of these routes — \o, 1, '• Xourii Siiyi'.K UorxK," rei)r('sciitcd by the line blacdv line, was sniveyi'd nuder tlic orders of ^lajor liobinsoii, and })artieiilarly recomuiended \>y him in his admirable " rejiort." Itistpiite practicable, is 470 miles in leiiL;t!i, Iroiu Truro to Kiviere du l.oup, and wid cost, accordiiii;- to my estimate, about f s,;!()0 sterling per mile, or a total, say of .f 1,000,000 sterling. .iiitiii * N. 1!. — The Map R-feiifd to, bciiij; tcxi lai';.'c I'di- inililliatioii, lias lu'in (l(|n>sili. ^tcrliiiji'. ;iii(l is. ! Ii.ivc rc;i."iiii to hclicvc. (|iii1(' pnicticiilih'. The thii\l route. " \o. ;5 " doited red on the iii;i|), is |iro|ios(d to i)e e.'iiried nloiifj; the jMiro|ie;iii and North Aniericiiii l\';iil\\iiy. wcstwnrd iicitis.s the Si. John l*iv<>r to the iiilcrseetioii with the St. .\n(lrew's and (.^uehcc l';ii!way. ;nid theiiee, hy nn e.xlensioM ol' thiit road, up the valley of the St. .lolin. a.u,l hy Ihc 'i'ciiiisconal.'i or Si[natooc lakes, to Hiviei'e du f^onp : the total distance is "j.'i'i miles, of which thei'c will he recjiiired IJ.Vi miles ol' /irir irorl,-, which, at tlie ahove rale, wiihnnoniii to i"2,i) 16..')!)() st('rlin^-. 'fothi.s, liowcver. must l)e added t'iJ.ODU ])er mile lor iinpi'ovciiieiils on 7"> nnles of' tiie St. Andrew's and (vuei'.ec Ji'aiiway (originally ehcaiily hui:t ) 1o hrinij it np to the same standard as liie other roads, makini;' .t';{.171.o0:) for this I'onle. \\ V. (■ } I' I T r r. A TT OX . X.irth S;iniv Koiito. -tTi* inIU'.5 £'3,i)ril,0(iri stcrlliHj:. (\'ntr;il •• .'ilii; •• ;!,-2j>(i,Si)U ■_'l'."i.oiIii .{.•■•'.iTi.r.DO '< .\illl IlllJirdW'IU;'!!!- I'll 7.J Ii:iving li'iven this slnat synopsis. I now j>roi»os(! to de;crii)e more al ieiigth the three lines, porniinn out the •^eiiend ieatures of ihi' country, their advaiitayes and di.^advanta^es. -witii remarks upon the respective e.-fimated eosr, as w(dl as the constriicticni and tune ol eomplction ; also upon tlu; pojiuhition and local trallie to Ije expected upon ea(di. THIRO TO BAY VERTE. (('iiiinitfn to all tin; L!ni\^\) On this Section two lines have hecn proposed, — one crossini>[ C'ohef|ui(T JNIonntain at Folly Lake, the other at Earl Toavu ; the first was surveyed in 1847 by (Jeorj-c Wij^htman, C. E., and is described in Captain Henderson's Report. The mountain is aliout 1-2 miles across, and AviJl eosl, say .t'()(),0()() sterliii-r more than the same distance on ordinary plain country. The (>t span, besides brook crnssinsrs ■ i No. V 3 l)iit no (lillii'iihics iis rcLiiinls l'()iiiiil;iti(iiis. ;i:i(l stdii ■ is ahiiii laiit. \\ ;',li tlio cxc'cptioM <•!' tliis inmiiitMiii. tin' line Aviil iinl lie liciivv. ])r()l)iil)ly .So.OOO vards of i'!irtli\v(ii'k lo llic mile culs nt';5!) and (•inliMiikiiiciils of IS li-ct wide at i'oriiiiilioii level. The other route iii ikes a (h'lonr lo th(> < astward. and is alioiit ] 1 niih^s loii^rer thiiii the loriU"r. bat will prohihly in)t eost ni.n-e H>r uiadiiit; i-nd masonry, owinu; lo an eiisier crossing- of the Col)e(iiiid. The ;ura(h"s will ne (!asv, except iiiioii the iioilli .•^ide of tin; inotnitain. from Vm\\ Town to 'I'atamaijouehe, where iheiv will he about 7 or S miles of 5;) lo GO ic-et per mile. routes has sleeper grades in <;eiieral. and will he entirely inland ; the lailer wiil be more h-vel, ]jroljal)ly within :'.() leel to the mile, exeeptin^' the OO fi-et ^rade on the (hvseent of the mountain at I'arl Town. Jt will also loneli upiUi iiavi!.':nbl /n.s/rj^M-oule (I'olly J.ahe ) the tralVic of this ])opulation will be lost to the road. 'J'he nistrrn route also hrings sev.\-;d of tlu^ northern harhonrs into connection with ilalilax. and will enconra.i?c the Ibrnuition of a population, that woidd, in a li'w yciu-s, coumemd. l)y their .-hij)i)in^-. a considerable l)ortion of the lisheries of the u,\\\l\ and of the trade ofthe tin- west in heavy articles. The.se advanlaLjes will be lost l)y takini,^ the western route. The space l)e1ween Hay Verle and tlu> Ein'opean and Xorth American Kailwav near Shediac is conmion to (Mther of these lines, and contain no difiiculties. THE SEVERAL KOl^TES FROM EAV Vl^RTE TO RI\Tl':i?E l)i: LOUP. Proceeding onwards towards Quebec, .s(!veral routes have l)ccn examined wdth more or less care, which may he described in the foUowiniij order :— IVO; 1. i\orth Shore Route, tli^' li'^P rcommeudod by :Nrajor Robinson, 1 ih(^ Metapediac ; designated on the nmp by the rnnn in imitc (•i(i>st's llic Miniiiiiclii. ami llinmnii a low valley to till! Nc'i)isi(iiiit ; tliciicc (louu llial river to IJatliiirst ; thence aloiiij;- llii' coast ()i" Bay Clialciir t.i tlie Kestii;()iielie. to \-2 miles almve Caiiipheltoii ; tlieiicc across a niouiilaiu-raiiiic l»y tlu; valley ol'ilie .Metapediac ; and tlicnte ni) tli(> St. J.avvreace to lii\icre(lu lAinj), where it meets ihe (iranil 'rnink ofC'aiiaila. Jiciii'ir/iS. — 'rh(> line, as (Irawn hetucen Shciliae and the Miramichi. crosses the heads oi' the streams llowiiiii- toward the (IidK and runs ;icross swells oCiiTonnd hetweeii them. I5y movini,^ the eastern pari o!' it (Shediac to the '■ Oxbow"' oi'Salmoa iJiver) 1 or T) miles more to the southward, on the table land at the heads oC ihe said streams, it would [-a-ohably oi'cupy more Uvel ■^ronud. From the ( )xbow to Indian Town on llu" .Miramichi. the general charac- ter oflhe country is that td'a low table laisil ; and it is iu>t probable that any material diliicnltii's exist on lliat part. Immedialelv on passinn' Iiidi in 'I'own. lliere is a ridj^-e ol some 'Mi) fiet in hei.iiiit, whi(di. accordinj;- to Major i?obiuson's report, may he tm-ned by making a dc/oi/r to the westward. Proceedin?^' up the North-west Miramit In, the conutry near the river is »|uite level. The i^reund betv.een lliis riverand the Nepisi(init, upon whiih the line is marked, is a low valley, rising- about eighty ii'ct in the centre, and cai! l)e passed l)y grades oi' -20 lect per mile ; thence there is but little diiliculty in Ibllowing the Nepisiipiit and the coast of IJay Chalcnr up lo the jioint ol' laiul upon w hich Dalhonsie stands ; a\ hicli. il' lliuial to l;e too ste( p to ( ross conveniently, may })e turned 1)y ltilh)wing the shore. I'rom this place to the mouth ot'the .Meta|)ediae. 12 iniies above Campbeiton. the jine is comiiaratively level alonutlu; mai'gia oCthe 1^'stigoiiche ; it tlii-n goes i;j) the valley of the Metapediac, is conlinnr'd foralioiit 17 miles on the descent ol the monntain oathe northern side, in both of Avhich places there Avill be heavy work. 'I"he remainder is comparatively le\(d gnHUid to Hiviero dii. liOUp. The formation of the coimtry is such, that this line caniuit b(> deviated troni to any material extent except between Shediac and the .Miramichi. On this section it might, it' considered di^sirable. be carried near the j)osl road connecting with the small harbours along the coast, touching upon Chatham at Miramichi, luulupon the head of the Inu'bonra few miles above Newcastle, It might cruss the river a little above tlu' •• Forks," run up the south side of the North-west Miramichi, and join Major Kobinson's line at the mouth ot the \o. 5 'VUr ii(lvaiit;ii;c> (il tlii' North Shore roiilc ;ir.'. llmt in ;i niiliUny |.niiit of view it would keep clcir ol' the .\iiicrir-;iii h()iili(l;ir\ . ihit il would loiich ii|)ori ;ill the priiicip.il liiirhoiir.s. and ciicoiirii;;-!' the li.shcrics (»l the (in. I; will. ■ 111 the s;i lime, pass throiinh a (air ai;ri<'ii.'tiirfil coiiiilrv . Itsdisiul- vautai-cs arc. thai it is ."rj miles longer, has 71 miles additional road lo eon- slrnct and will pi-ohably cost t'(;i>>i, ():)() sterliii;;- more than (he ( Vntral line. \0. 2. C'eillriBi t{««le.— 'I'liis line (shown hy n yellow :ine^ woidd hraneh thiiii llic Faivopeaii and North American Railway at a point about ID miles westward f)i" Moncton. and proei'cd over a lolcrahiv level coinitry. as straiuhl as Ihe trrouud will i»ern)il. to I'oiestown on the Sonlh-west .Miianiichi. 'I'jienee o\era einmfry which has not heen lidly explored, hut is known to contain no niith'rial ohslaides. to the .Miraniichi lake, ahoiit ;!!» miles west <»i' JJoiestown ; thence a line was surveyed am! hwclled. hv ordei- o|' Ma'or JJohiiison. across ||i(> \a!iey orilie 'rohiiine to the K'cstiuouclie. This is descrilied in his repj;! (|):io{> .Sd) as a nilhi'S' h"a\} liin-. thoimh (piile prac- tieahle. .\l the head ol Boston Hrool;, or possibly still I'lirther south, it mav he turned oH'lo the westward, cross lli'- Wanan Portage, and ])ass aloiiu the sonthern base oi'lli!- monntain to the River Little Madawaska ai ildmonslon. thence up thai river, and aloim' iiie sliore ol' 'i'aniiNe()nla l/iki' to its eastern cxtremiiy. and thence lo iho St. Lawrence by the 'I'mis Pistoles ; ibe .ee- liou aloi'.'j; lhe slaie oCflio lake, froiii its precipitous cl'.araeter. will be heavy. The ]!orlioii of tin- roiiiitry Irom the Restiij,-onc![e to L'ivicie da J/iiip has never been properly exjiiorcd; and I ibink il \-ery prohabie. that bv i^oiiiL,' nj) the north brancli ot'tlie }^esti,i;oiiclie, Ilience !>y (ireen Ri'.i'r. and crossinj;' into the valley of the Scpialrcck laki s. uca i\ lircs i;;::y I • obtained at less e\j)ense, and lurthcr removed j'rom the American boiiii- dary. The ad\ aiita^i'cs of (he f'enlral riaite may be snii;med nji as lollows : — First. It is. 52 miles sliorler than the North Shore road, orwhieh 2-2 miles run on the lairo])eaii and North-. Vinerieaii i\'ailv.ay. ii;akin:;' the road lo hv constructed less by 7! miles; th;- co.st per mile beinii' about the same. S(\'o!id. It will be ihe mosi pipalar in New iiriiiiswick ; by pa.^^siiui thromrh the cenire oj'the proviiu'c it wil in a considerable dci;ree coiai)iiie the diih'reiil inlercsts. ami by 12 miles of a l)niic!i road (dotted on tlie mai> in red), it may be cinmec;ed Math lh(> j)reseal St. .\ndrew"s and ()i;ebee Jx'aiiway, and this ai^ain by the western exleasioii oCthe laud'pean and North .Vmcriean Hallway with Si. John. Third. Il will rim tliroii;;,h a hlm-k oi'd-owii "and bet ween the T<:biijiie an 1 l?es1i.\)iiohc Kivers, of near L'H)0 sqaare miles, at least two-thirds (li lyillie Sonlh-west. This line would he 10 mih's loii'icr i!:aii ihe loriner. but wonhl jiromote i!ie lirowth oriishin.'j;- and Inidin;;- villaii'es at the harbours. The ai;'ri(Milt!ira! eap.abilities ol'ihe soil are iiineh the sami- on either line. e v,liiclii> lit liir vr'Ulciiii'iiI, w liirli [)n.l>iilil\ \s oiil'l iic lillcd ii;) v.illiiii -JO vriiis. On iitlicr piirts ol' the lim-. also. l)c't\vcfii the 't'(il)/K|iU' aiiil Slinli;ic, tlicrc is |)rol>a[ilv ini ('(luiil (iii'iiitily of ('i'dwm land ; whereas, on the Ndrlh Shore line, i!m' (|it;nitit_\ d' Crown limd ol irood (|iiiility is not very l;n-,L,'e. The (lisiidvantajics !iP'. — I'irst. The propn.sed line will have a ^reiiliT ii«;!;frei',iite !en'j;tli (it'slre() unidieiils, iilthoiij^h X';^/(£' fjfradieiits on the North Shore route will he e(|ii!illy steep as on this. Seeond. Jl runs li)r ahont IS niih.'s near Jldnionslon within a li'W miles of'the United States honiidarv. This diilicnlty, however, may he ohviatid hy I'lirtiier exiiloration. .\0. ti- Sf- JohlU iSaVt'!* KeJife-— It is j.roposed l.y this seJM'nie to carry the road (dnlied red) Jroin Tnno to the inteeti()ii ol the Kin'opean and North American Kailway near to Shediac on the same line as in the l()rmer ease, then fiillow^ tliat road to St. Joiin, and continne in a line snifahle tl)r the extension of the sanu- to its intersection Avitli the St. Andrew's and Quebec Railway, then l()llnw thai i^'ailway to Scotch Corner, its present ler- miiiiition : thence |)roceedin^r i'.]< ihe valley of the St. .lolin to the month of the liittle -MadawasUa at Kdmouston. thence hy the valley of the .Madavvask;i ami Tamiscoiita f.ake. an(M>y tlie Trois Pistoles to the St. Lawrence, and thence up the St. liawreiu'c to Riviere du Loup. From St. John to the intersection of'the St. Andrew's and (inehec Rail- road will be a continiiatioii of the European and North Aiiierican Railway, lor wliich two dilU'ront routes have been proposed : — one, Avhicli may- be caUcd the Nortliern, or Douglas \'alley ronle, nnikiii;!.;- a tlclotir towards Fredericton. and passing to tho nortliofthe Oroinocto Lake; IIk; other, Avhich may be called tin; Southern, route, passing iicar tho village of St. George, and crossing the St. Andrew's and Quebec Railway about 15 juiles from St. Andrew's. Whicli of these roiiti's will be preli-rred is at j)resent uncertain. The Northern will give a less distance from St. .folin to Quebec than the Southern, by twelve miles: and will lengthen the distance to Ran- ger, in the United States. 26 miles; but will have less advantage of the St. Andrew's and Quebec Railway, bv .'W miles. The advantages of No. ."] (St. .lohn River) route are, that it takes in the railways already constructed, requiring 11 miles less ncir tror/c than by the Central, and Ho miles less work than by tho North Shore line. The disad- vantages are that it exceeds the length of the North Sliore line by 62 miles, and the Central line by 111 miles ; and that irom its junction Avith the St. Andrew's and Quebec Railway to Edmonstoii, 179 miles, it runs near to tho United States frontier. I 7 DISTANCKS HV TIIKSK IfOlTHS I'KOM THIK(J lO lUN IKKi: 1)1)' l-OUP. No, i.„MA.loU 11<)1:1NS(>N'^ NOIITII SIKHIK LINK. .Mil.-. t;!i Triir.i to [!:i yV.Ttc .,,; Hiiv Verfc t.. Sludiac. . . • • •■.••:•■;. 7. Sli'c.liiic In Inaiiinl.Av'i, Mu-aiMiciii IwivLT _^^, Inaiiiiit.iwii to l'.at!iur>t ;j^ F'.iitliiirst to l)iillioii>'u' -: .,,, l);illH,.isi,. toi.iomhof Mi'taiK-'l.u.' Uisyr...... M.tiiiKMliac toNii-K ItivtT. limucli i.t tl.u Moti:* ^^ .Niii,'i^t Kivcr to lJivii'r(: 'hi l.'Hip Truro to Uivi('i-e ilu l.ou|i _^ No. •_". -CKNTIJAI, KOlTK. H^ V^iiAo'iu.'^l^u'ii-M^rKm^P^au^uiJ^ Am.'n^;" J ^ ' P'lihviV Alon-'KiiroiK'aii an. I North Ann ricau Railway -- TIUMKC to Hni.'StuWIl .',,', I'.oicslowii to Miramichi I.alu' l~^ Mlrainiclil l.ako to AVa-aii Tortai,'!' ['_ Wa-aii l'oi'tai,'c to lMliiioii';toii -^'. Kiliiioiistoii t(j KiviiTO (In r.oiii 6*' '_^ lis Dcihict roiv'l alreaily inado ~- Koail to lit! iiiailc ""■ ' No. a.-ST. JOIIX TUVKU PvOCTK. Miles. .. ^ t;!i Bay V.'i'tcto iMtci-secti.m of Kun.iu.'an and .\oith AtULUuuM ^.^ liaiUvay ;;" 1 ■■"»'""' •" "1 • .';i V-iJ ' t,', 1 Alon- Slid Eiii-opoan and ^»nh AiMencun J.,ii!Aa% to ,„o jT xi ,#•••••••••"••*•*'**) St. ^ohu^o'ilr^.-^'ction'ol'StlXuWsaadC^ ^ Along St. A.uliow-H and ( )uel.ee lla.hvay to V, ood^oxk .^.. AVoodstock to Grand 1- alls • „^;J Grand Falls to Ivlinouston f,j. F.dnuinstoii to Ilivioro du Loup _'__ 53'J Of ;liis 7:> and 102 miles are already made J^T7 •J55 Iload to he made Xo/r 1 -I may horc state that to connect St. John with Quebec by means „f the Wes'teni extension of the European ami N..rth Amencan I aiway. atid ,. St Andrew's and Quebec liaihvay, the distance wouhl stand thus .- 8 T II !•: i: s T I M A T j; . 1 have arrivi'd al llic ('stiiniitcd sum ot' t'S.;?()0 per laiic iVoiii a jfoiiorally acciinih' luiow li'tlirc tif Ihc j^rcalcr jHHtioii dl" llii- i;n)iiiul lliat -will 1)(' tiavciscd I'}' all tli('s(> rmitcs. and In ]>arliciilar exami- nations df 1li(> iiiosi diliiciill i)()rtioiis of cacli ; ami have hci-n iriiidcd in my jii(lu:iiKMit l)y the acliial costs ol' liic roinplclfd I^iil\v;iys tliroiii;li a sinuhir country in \c\v l^rnnswick and Nova Scotia, the lormcr oC wiiic li -wcic chiclly coiis!|-ucl(d, ;i.s alicadv skitc;!. nndcr my innncdiatc suin'iiiitcniU'ncc". AliK-. S:. J.>!iii t.i intcisfi'ii.iii (it'St. Aiiih'iw's aii'l (Jiirln'c liailway, ) ^.., Sinuli'Tii I! >ii;c ) Alonir St. Aiiili'i'w's ami (.iiiolu'c Kailway i" ScMirli Cm-iuM-. .. . 7."> JSc'otch C.iriioi- t.) iiite'r.si."c'tioti of Jnti'iTolniiial at .Nurlli H-aiu-h I ,., of Mirainiclii ) lT:i < M' v.'Iiii'li i.i a!i\' I ]y lu.i 1." 7."i [/.'uvl',-; t > 1);! m:\.\j t'iV tliis ci^ancctioii in4 This is iipo'i (he siij)|)osilii)n ol' lliC Central route ol' lalercoloiiiid Kor.d ln'ii),i; adopted. Assuiaini;- tiiis, and earn iuii' the St. Andrew's and (iuelx-c Hue across the river Si. .)o!ni. near the i'rcs([nile and HeeciH|niinie rivers, into it at i\Firanii(dii, and i:d.inu- ihe Soull'.irn loute lor the iOaropenn and North Anieri- caa line towards ]?.niL;or, we re.inii'e of new road, at the pi'csi nl lo eoniplele the whole svsicrn within the I'rovinees, as follows: — Halifax and (^^iii'lu'C T.iiie, Ci'iitial KdUto .'iHii St. .I.iliii, f'li y.uv()]H':\\'. and .N'mtli AnuTican liailwav and S;. ) Anili'c\v".< and (.^tiifli.c liiiio, to iinL'i--r('lioii at J\iiraiii;cli!. ■ let as aliMvc \ I'rnni intiTscciioii la St .\Milie\v"s and Qiiel)i'c Railway ti> Calais L') \\ liolc new I'nad rfinirml lo i!iiai[)letc systoins ; | viz., Halifax aiul (Juvhec, European ami Nurtli ; . . _ ..ViniM'ican. and i'iini;i.'ct St. Andrew's Jiaii\v;iv ;" "' ' widi the liiti ••('olunial I Ik'iii^oiily ir, miles longer than the .North Shore route alone. The ("eniral route avoids tin I'niled Stales Crontier. except idioul ]i^ nules near ImIiuous- lon. li is ])r distance from St. .lolm to (iindx^e, via Sussex, would he ahoul :50 miles shorter than hy the way ol' the St. Andrew's and (imdiec Kailwav, as w ill he seen hy tl). ihllowing tahle : -I I liiiv(> ii|)|)lic(l llic s:mic prici" |):'r mile to :ill (lie roiiils. bivMiisf the (lilliciilt |)(ii-ti()iis (il'ciicli. and nut coiiiiiioii to all. arc vorv siniiliir, ;ii;(l \V(iii;(l ahoiit l)alaiirc ."acli otlicr ; and while |i(irli(ii;s of the inadiiii;- (Hi the Neilli Slioiv line w ill lie li'^hlei- lliaii lui the Ceiilral. \('l the exiieii.H', e hridiics over the laii^c n\ ci-s— llic .MiiMiiiichi, Ne|)isai';iiit, ai;d 1\'( sti-nin lu -w ilh the liea\y .m-adiiii;- of the Mclap-diac, v.i.i hi' a ((insideralile hIImI aiiaiii>t the (liliiciihies aiiti(i|ia1ed (Ml the paslially (■\])lorcd Ci nlral liae ;!l Ihc valle\ Hiie St. .Iiiliii to Sns>c\ \'ali' I,", Sflssi'X til I'-oii'stdwii 71 ISiiii'stow a Id Kivii'iH' (hi i.nap l^■J^ :;!7 :\[ilcs. St. .Icliii to St. .VndrcwV aad (>a"lu'c Kailway H:! 'Iluaicc 111 Sciiifli I'liiiu'!' T.'i llraiicli IVmiu Sciitcli I'niiur In ('riiM-a! I.iar af M iiainichi ) ,, i;i\(i' ) Mii'ainichi llixaa tu iliv irii- (hi l...ap I:l^ No. :!—()'!' II i: ij IM) I T !:s The t'lree routes marked in .■Ironiv red on the iii;!|) >.)r:v he leriat'd llie principal. 'I'liey arc known to he pracliciilde. 'i'licre are. howe\('i'. .-onie other line-; which apjictn' very li'a-i!)h', iial have not yet heen surs eyed. \\lii( h. il'tinnid [)raclicahlc, wonid bean iinprovcnicii! npnii iIionc already descrihed The iirsl ol" these thai has ln'cii sni:t';c.--led is a iine hranchin^ li'oni No. I. at Indian 'rowii. .Mirainiclii, rnnninL;' westward, and liidiii'^- into , at Ifoiilc the vallcv ol'llie lalllc Soiilh-west .Miraniiclii. toachin'.;- on l,on^- I, the head oi' Caniphci" h'i\('r. a hi'aiuh cl' ihc '!'ohi(|iie ; thence down ihal stream, and up the Sisson hrancli ol' the same river, and thence iicri:."-s ll:e coinitrv to Hosion iirook, a\ here ii will jtan iionle No. '2. The iciiLi'lh ol' this line, Ironi Indian Town to where il meets U'onte No. "J It IJoston Hrook. is i)"! niiics. The disia.ncc Iroin Hav Xertctoihe Wa^aii l*orl;iiic hv Ix'oulc No. -J. i^; -I'lC) mi .(lw('( n the same ponils, l)\ wa\ Indian Town and die roalc in .pieslion. is :2 N nii:es, show in:; (lilii'rema- in liivoiir (d'tlie iailer r(nile of !'■' nii!es. This route has not hern explored ; lint il looks la\(inral)!e. and ihere is reason to ihiiik tli;it it runs over a practicahle coniitry. I'ldiii ti short distiinia' lip the liillle Sonlh-wc-t Hi\('r to the nioiilli oi'Sisson hrancli, iiearU ()() miles, it niiis. however, throiiidi a porlioii id' harrc:! coiiiilry. It caiiiht (isl cerlaiidv to lie cxaiuined pre \ ions to lixiiii; upon I he liiial local ion of the 111 load 10 {)[■ tlic Tt)i)i(iii(' riviT, anil wliic li 1 tiiiiik midr; cxIcikIi"! cv'smiiialioiis will ui'itfrially irdurr. Auaiii, llic cxp'iisi' of portion nl' ii'oulc Xo. 'i IVoin St. Jolin to till' iiif.'i-sf'ctioii oi' t\u'. Si. Aiuliew's and Qin'hi'c ifiilw.iy, and IVdiu Sfotcii Corner to (Jran; ;uls in.-i lidiiiu' till' thrri' hi'idifi's over tlic .Vroo>tork and St. .lolui riwrs, will in; <[iiil(^ as iicavy as the Central line Second. — The Ivoiifo i\o. 2 ti'oni JJoiostown to iIk; head of Two Hrook.s on llie iiortli of the Tohiiiiic. makes a considenihle drltmr to llir wesiwcird ; inid the p'tss lliro(ii:'li tiic top of the ridue sontli oi' tlii' 'I'oliitpie is W.'n fi'et iibove that riv'':-, w lu'j'o it is cio-sedliy liic line. It is American toponniphieai cni;iiieers, more to tli- westward, thronnii AoKM'iean territorv. havi- diseovei'ed two or three such i>isses llironuh the sanit' )aonutain-raIl^■e. along' one of \\!'.i''h the At'antie niul St. JiUwa'cnci' lutilway is nov,- joealed. A series of levels tak/n (or ."0 or 1!) miles (\istward from the present line aloni;' the top of the monnl iin-ra:u;e would determine tiiis (piestion, and onuhl to he so taken h'liire the linal location oi'tlie voad. It must !)(> partieidarly home in mind, that tliis part oi'the country Ikis never been surveyed at all, and is lelt biaak on the iinp. \Ver>' a t.ilerabiy diri-et route discovered, tlie dist.uiee ^'aiiierl would probably be Irom 10 to 15 miles. Third. — A route j)i'o(;eeils from Hosloii IJrook. on the lteslii;-ouehe. directly across the mountain to Trois Pistole-;, as shown by tliemost easterly (lotted line on the map. This has been pulia'dy explore t()r a railway, it Avill ])robub!y, as compared with the line by Temi>rouata Lake, have steeper i^radients. re([iiire heavier Avorks of const ruction, have less (Miltiv;d)le land upon il, and savi- but little in distance. Its oidy reeoiumendation is the irrcater distance from the frontier oftlie United State.';. J. [■'onrlli. — The internii'di.ite dollied line passing- up the niirtli braiuai of the IJesti^'oiiclie. tlience by wayof (ireei' Kiver and tlu' Sqiialoidi Lakes and the east branch of the Trois Pistoli's. and iJiradually descendin.'^' to the St. liUAxrcnce alou^' the nortlic rn slope of the mountuMi to l\i\iere du Loup, as already mention(>d in this Ucpoii, appears nui(di more iiraniisini;'. and is partienbu'ly recommended to be carefully explored. Fil'lli. — Tlic deviation in NtCva Scotia by I'.arl Town. This will add 11 miles to the len'.ith of the road ; but the bcnclit to be deri\("i uill far over- balance the disadvantage, as has bet'ii shown lunh r the d(scri]>tion ol Houte No. 1, l{ is more level than that by Kollv Lake ; and this will give it a.u advantaLic in working that will coinitcract in some measure the elli'ct oi'dilii-rcnce in length. Sixth. — 'J'lie deviation of IJontc No. 1 between Shediac and Miramiclii bv tJKM-oasts lias been already noticed. The increase of distance is about 10 miles, and it would probabiy be more hilly than the interior line. Ihrc^ coanections with the harboars wonhl not produce so great an eilect as iu 11 Tlic ;ictii:P cust ()1 till' ICiir.jpiM'i anil Nurtli .V;ii"rif:m Riiiiway from St. .loliu lo Slii'diac, j);i.s>;i!i,'^ over acoiinhy very siiuiiai' to tlril travor.-i-d hv tho Centra! line, was ,t'S,;)00 slri-.iiiL; p:"r miJo. T'li- avciM;^;' ' si of ih;- \()\;i Scotia j?ai!\vays. of !^i m"L;'s tarna:;-!) a nior;' diiiicmt country f^iMii-raily than llu' avrra^.' of citlici- of liius!' iiia-s, was t':),0'Ji) slcriin.u; per niic. Tli(\s(; railways were compli led niidcr i'i'ovinci;!! ("oiuniissioiUM'.s and i! may hi; prcsunuvl that a rcspoii.sibir compmy Vv'oulil ('\('<.'ute simiiar work in tjuite i-n economical a manner. Tiic olimatc contcmplrdcs doing llic work in a ^ood and MdisfiinliiU manner, and I am jirrprf/t/ roiijulciit it is amply sullicicnt for tiie pnrposc. Majoi' l\'ol)inson's estimate ol £7,700 stcr-inn' per mile, or even less than this, wonhl compietc the road villi a more economical kind of worlc than is here conti'mp'iatcd. Wooden hi'id'i'es, and many other niearis of economy, well known in tiu' United States, can he adopted, hy which \\n\/i rut rust, wonhl he jnateri;iily lessened, and the road stiil he fiiillicienliy cliicient for l!ie present nse, and can !);• improved as the hnsine.js increases. 'J'he tirst 10 miies of the St. Andrew's and Quehec I^iiiway was priiici- pallv hniit under my sn])ervision for less than .f.j,00() sterlin,^- per mi!e. ami v/as (jnit;' capabie oi' doin^i;' n cor.sidcrahie bnsiness. Of coni'si', the repairs npoii sncli a road wi.! b.' miudi !;a'eater than npon cir.' more piM'imuient, v constracted. NOTES I'POX CONSi'inCi'IOX \M) 'i\M\] OV COMPi-irriOX. 1 the e\"eut ot'tlie iidoptionoi' tl!(> Ct'nirai ronte, it is reeonimended tinil In t uion as the ioeaiion id' the line is dehned, a, co)n'.n( in \v an-road sliouea at once b' cons! rneted alonjx or near the whole .en'i'di ol'lli(> proposed I'ai'win'. It'oad 1 siiilaba' for I he pnrnoses of ioea! traliie a-"e made thriniii;!i ihe fore. th ' correspoudinii; deviitiou i'l Nova Scofi.!, r.ul wonhl not b:' attended wit! .) ureat an advanfa-i-, This line would (M'oss IIh^ Sonlh-we.st Mira!ui(di lie ir li the falls, idiove ^'e\^•ea^il e, wnere ih' n\"i Ih loo!.; vi'i'v ionm(lal)le, own: to bi-.)il s!e.)i!s ; but tic- quiiitity ol'witer pissinu, is very littic !j;re:iler tl lan at Indian I own, tin lilion b.'ia;; iKvv tint of Harnabv'.s Riv er. \\ men drams an area of not more tlrni •i')0 si[Uire mih'S. I''roai measurements ialvcii of 'he stream i!i IS.J7 at Indian Town, it may be eoneiii led tint a clear waterway of SOU feet wide by 20 feet deep, wil! b' (piite siillirieiit ; the remainder (d' the widlli may he embanked. This v»-onld e.void the r;d;;-e betw<'en Indian Town and tlie lattie South-west, and keep i;ear!y upon the !ev(>! of the ri\ers all Ihe way to I5athiirst. If it be eoiisidcu'ed moi'e |iroper to follow Hoiite No. 1 a.s marked, l!ic iia\i,iiib!e water ed ia.ei'ilies a'.lonled l>_v it ; in fact, it hi^coiiie- iiee<"-sary to llie ])rii|)( V pro-eeaiion ol I'le wor lor (lei iverv of eoiiIi'aetorV: store piant. and niaieriaiS ; and its eo !i:-in!eiion wiii. iii a iin nt nie:i>nn'. do away AVI til tiieeiiariJie of- ini])enetr;d)i:i'y ■aiiist tile •• centra: line." ■() ni -I'v nr"{'d l)v .Major Kohinson. \i. 11. , lor Afier the railway is cnmp'elcd. this road wiii sti!! he vei'v advrintaucons the settlement (d' the eoiiiitrv. and to nllord coininnnieatioii het\\( en the dilleren! stations. T lese r( iiKirl-s oil ■\ at ii'n ill fnii I'oi'ce to tl le seaM) n of ^uininer 111', durin^u' ;i pern d of iil)oiii four months in vi inter, wlien the swamps. laUes. and I'ivei's of the.-e reiiions an frozen solid-y o\('r. liiey ca.ii he. and are traver id v. ilii faei.ilv in everv direction hv the heavv teams of the liiinnermeii hv means oi r()a!:s iiiaee 1)V themselves, at a cost ol' about t'lO per nihe ; I lieir consliiieiiDU mereiv invo iim- tl le c.earimj; awa I' V the sniaU brush. lie n-iiio vai ni' fiiiieii io'r-, and tli<' tnadini;- down ofllie --now. Siionid the Xorlli Shore line hi^ adopted, from its aeees-iliiiity to the sea at so many points: a.iid tl;!' exislin'j; roads riinnini;- jiara.ied tiienlo. additioiia! cominunieatioii \\\:\ not be so mncdi recpiii-etl. '{"lie liiiai eompiition oi'tlie Uaiiway works in an economic::! manner wiJI reipiire a period ofat ierst three summers. aMlionirh. in tiic ease (d' extraordi- nary r: quirement, the raiiway mijiht be temporarily opciH d for an esjiecial purjiose in two seasons, by adopting a |)r(ic(>s ((d'len u 'J'j lis snorter ik riod iiiav be even still fnrlher rediie.d b\ oiiiittii iiitogethei' the raiiway track, ovci' some of tiic heaviest poin,s id' the line, sav at the Cobeqiiid, 'J'obi(|ue, Uestigouche. and St. l,a\\rencc mounlain-rangi's. substituting, temporarily, in lieu tliereof. the wagon-road already mculioued ut these ])oiiits, over wiiieii. iu (,'aso of necessity, troops could be mandu'd 1.} iind munitions of war easily carted; In this means, some live-si\(lis of (lie whole distance eould he traversed hy rail witiiin some ei,',dileeii months of the time its position liad hccn df/i/icfl. In this ease, however, in order to make the season ol'18G2 inliy availahle, it is ofj^reat importanee that the snrvevs shoidd he immediately commcneed, and completed in the shortest possible period, and the present winter (when, as before stated, the forest can he jKMietrated in every direction) should i)e taken advantage- of to convey stores, plant, and material to all ])oints of tlie Hue, As the ado))tioit of either of these time-savin"; processes would involve extra expense, they are only submitted as alternatives in case of iibsoiute necessitv. POPULATION AM) LOCAL TJrAFriC. The prospect of local tratlic upon these lines mav he as loliows: — No. L — This runs through a partially settled coimtrv i'roni Truro to Shediac, hut as the land is nearly all in |)rivate hands, no very great accession to the present population may be expected for some time to corne. The eastern line (see page '2) would, hy making easy acc(>ss to Halifax Irom the waters of the Gulf, probably have within a lew years many iinics ilic amounl of local traflie that would be on the western routt; liv Foliv Lake. From Shediae to Indian Town, ))rol)aI)iy thrce-iourtiis of tlie laud is stili in the hands ol the Crown, and is of i'air (pniiity ; if kept out of lite Junids of specidators it may he expected to (ill up ra))id;y with srtliers, wluj will contri- bute to the revenue of the road. From Indian Town to tlie Metapediac, tin- land is of good (pjalitv with the exc(>j)tion of about 20 miles on the Xortli-wesi Miramichi, wlu're it i>; oi' a gravelly nature. The greater jiart oi' it is in private haiids, and tlie pit .:(>,it population can hardly be expected to increase at a verv rapid rate. From the month of the IMctapediac, the southern face of tin- mountain is rather sleep for cultivation ; but on the top there is a great breadtJi of (abie land that has always been called excellent soil, and the reason given for tlie want of .settlement is its inaccessibility ; this land would .soon 1111 uj) with inhabitants, and they would be entirely dependent upon the road for tijcir traffic . From the Metis to the Riviere du Loup, the country is thickly inhabited by an almost exclusively French population. The road would cause a considerable increa.se of inhabitants ; but the breadth of country likely to be adected by it is not very great. No. 2. Central Roi//e.— The part of this line from the European and North American Railway to Boie.stovvn is over a country very similar to that 11 traversed by line No. 1, i'rum Sliediac to Indian Town. Tlie distance, andtlie proportion of Crown land, is about the .same; liic riMiiarks njion that will apply equally to this. From Boiestowii to Edmonston, a distance of 1:30 miles, at least thite- iburtiis of the land is fit for settlement ; it is still in the hands of tlie Crown, and the soil is very fjood. If properly )uanaged. it might, in ten or liiteen years from the eom])ietioii of the l^ailway, have a population froin 20,000 to 30,000 persons within ten miles of tlm road, whieh poj>ulation would be dependent on the road for their irallie. From Edmonstone to Kiviere du lioup. there are few inhabitants. The land is of mixed ([uality, — some bad. ami some very good ; the latter of whieh, the eom])ietion of the road would tend to .settle. No. 3. — This line is altogether through a partially .settled country, with the exception of about 40 miles along the St. Andrew's and Quebec Kailway. From Scotch Corner to Edmonston, the laml is of excellent quality, and may be expected to increase slowly in population, as the lauds are already in private hands. Om; advantage of this line is that the part of Maine adjoining the boundary is rapidly iilling up with inhabitants, nearly all the trallie of whieh would he attracted to this road. From Edmonston the line is the same as No. 2. ALEXANDEK L. LICllT, M. Inst. C. E. Latij Chii'f Engineer of liailwiiija to tlw /'roviitcc of ycir Jhiiiu^wicJ,' niid .W.ra Sotin. Havixg gone carefully through all the points connected with the above railway with Mr. Light — such as snnniiil-heights, crossings of rivers, and all other engineering points — I have no hesitation in .stating that a line by either route indicated would he quite practicable. Having, also, had considerable experience as the engineer-in-chief of an extensive line in So\ilh America, and knowing from personal examination the nature oi' the country, which is in many respects similar to that of North America (climate and the value of labour, however, being much in favour of the latter,) I am of opinion that the estimates named by 3lr. Light are ample, and his views upon the construction and completion of the line are vt'ry .sound. 5, Victoria Street, West.minster, 3rd December, 186L JAMES I31U NLEES. M. Inst. C. E. ,*^-^