IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1 m. ^^W ts ^ /M •t^^ V t/j ^A 1.0 I.I 1.25 1^ IM f 22 If IM "'"^ li 1^ 12.0 1.4 1.8 j.6 V] (^ //, y A Photographic Sciences Corporalion 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTE?!, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^ # ^ •ss^^ ,v ^\ % s y^ "O"..^ ^^^>s t^ o"^ *J, 4^ t/i CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian do microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are check<)d below. L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer, les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Stre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger una modification dans la m6thode normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. G Coloured covers/ 1} Couverture de couleur 0' Coloured pages/ Pages de coul.»: ■^^' 1 I DyC^A^3SriTOB.A^ I -• — ♦ •- The reliable Enute, and the one having the least transfers, finest equipments, best accommo- dation, courteous employees, etc. , is the Chicago and ITorth-'Westerii Ry's, "Chicago, St. Paul & Minneaiwlis Line." ♦"'•'•-♦ The "Chicago, Bt. Paul & Minneapolis Line" is composed of the Chicago &. North-Western and Chicago, St. Paul & Minneapolis Railways, and passengers to secure the advantages of the line, should be sure their tickets read as above, and Not by any other Line having a Similar Name. This is the great Qovernment Express and Mail Eoute to MANITOBA, DAKOTA AND THE NORTH-WEST. Forming the connecting link between CHICACxO and the NEW COUNTRY of FERTILE SOIL, ABUNDANT CROPS, HF.ALTHY CLIMATE, &c., &c. , which is being rapidly settled by an industrious, intelligent and energetic class of peo])le._ This is the only Through line from Chicago that makes a connection at St. Paul with the St- Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba and Northern Pacific Railways, for Winni- peg, Bismarck, Brainerd, Breckenridge, Fisher's Landing, in the Union Depot- This is now the established All Rail Route to Manitoba, And Passengers for that country and St. Boniface and Winnipeg', should ask fcr and be sure their Tickets read Grand Trunk, (ireat Western, or Canada Southern Ry's, to Detroit ; Michigan Central Railwayj^Detroit to Chicago ; Chicago, St. Paul & Minneapolis Line, Chicago to St- Paul. (Or Chicago, and l-7orth Western and Chicago, St. Paul & Minneapolis Railways.) St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba and Canada Pacific Railway, St. Paul to Winnipeg. The St- Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railway, and its Northern Extension— Canada Pacific — are the only Railways running down the Valley of the Red River of the North. Any Ticket Agent of the GRAND TRUNK, GREAT WESTERN, CANADA SOUTH- ERN, or other Eastern Trunk Line, will sell you tickets via this route, and will be glad to fur- nish you Maps, Time Tables, and other information about it. Do not be persuaded to buy via anyotherline, until you have examined into the merits of this line. Write to or call upon SAMUEL BEi^.TTY, General Canadian Freight Agent for this Line, Rossin House, Toronto, for rates for your Freight, Emigrants' Moveables, Household Goods, Horses, etc. He will give you the very lowest obtainable rates, and will aid you in moving. (SEE THIRD VkQE OF COVER.) MWBB^Wm BAT OB %^ ^^a> FABMINa LANDS IFOR S-^lLE IIT MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. The HUDSON'S BAY CO. own about 7,000,000 of acres in the great fertile belt, and now offer for sale about 500,000 -A.OIiEIS in the Townships already surveyed by the Government of Canada. Full Information in regard to these Lands will be given at the Offices of the Company, in Winnipeg and in Montreal. i,^ C. J. BRYDGBS, Montreal, Canada, 1879. Land Commissi(mer. Ill This well-known and popular line is composed of First-Glass Glyde-built Steamships RUNNING FROM Xi I ^sT E II I> O O L In connection with the GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY COMPANY OF CANADA, aEAlTTS THEOTJG-H TICZETS FROM GREAT BRITAIN TO MANITOBA AND THE ILsro3:^l3lb_-"\^esl3 Tez?3?±i30xdLes Cabin and Steerage Passage, with EXCELLENT ACCOMMODATION, At Reduced Bates. For further information apply to FLINN, MAIN k MONTGOMERY, Managing Directors, UVEEFOOL, Or, DAVID TORRANCE & CO., General Agents for CANADA, MONTREAL. INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY Wy bips VDA, xes ON, OIP C^^I, /^ ai" J'^ i'i' ^VO jjiyrtc^c^rf J uciuvK Tr.Va»n« .to' A/; Bak< r VJJk Huj/ene City vi.\ JtoBCburg Mi!2 Ft.C. F.Smith m J3olsL' City /^'^7~\V. ^►y^^ 1% %^'"V'^., \..5iS^ ^i-S^'T^ IJruiiit'ri I L(l M M jjion I' ti)esku \ y i( 111. \> Fall; sr U' •! ( ' ,V II ' • 4"; •y a!): 1 '^(ii^Jledding %X^^. 'r^-^^^^^. ^o s i i.T i.yj. >m I Salt Lulce- )City ;-^^ D^itivcr Silverton o .'V' erelield ^«fr llatylilKJS ~7J.nrolH\\^S/..Josep7i 7{^ / Jll-Kl '"0(i -lit Tt. Scott iriuiuau r ^ v///;\'. Santa'fw o Albuquerqueo^ 'waaiu Yiuifa \LOi '11 mil '■VI An'gelesxS' i)os. j.--^- '^ o Prescott Ft.StantonC'fk^ Tucsou '-%v^. ^t. Sumner )Tt.ChaUbourne JFl.Ai^uckle ZUiver Tort AVorfli o- Littl J) ems on Slircvc ^ /■-:& VreB San^iego > ?^./^ «?r. ".p y •>-,» ■ ^Mi:l\nn,Trh'^,.iri.i,iin( t.Viii(Mn>M^::^, - Ji'iiiii/ Lnh' "*• C rook "f on Cflyndou O S S E S S O N Jitxl Jioik 'New Urunnu'iclcMouae M So} I • I'll iiierd ^ I.; Jja/thi'wang Aiihland LWiihj-^.^^ X <^ Ix- 5«"A: iidjtlils y ST.PAUL y Siiiil> S/- .'ifni' PortlocTt II:irl)or Killarnfy I AKt: .TemiHcaniingue, Jjake.St.John I ^ I^Siianaha M. & CdinpJD'Kjlas r \ \, :v .V//7.SA7.W.- ■.pXJPf.Mafii wan X /<■ iK>»71(/ e CHI m'tx^^l?^ ivv"'"i- MIL Cl. J/r/ ►Sioux City , Grand ./( '^V. ^'V/ ST, r"^^: ''//■, r <: >„ "S I, Lii'lin;f><>n V ^>:;w^^* y. xv^vv «SL .<> o> Mi.li A ■''• F/ Wiflia/n} IOa/ ^y, 'VX'V^ */ v '*><• C'lyuit' "tfi<>: \- _3 Tarry Sound ^ ;^ '.•.;.«A„ y^. ^:v>iv>«y4' V.^. /■/.^'v.'-^/ ^*#?^%^?<^ ^y >■ '---i *> >>. V' 'yy-'h '% Not; •oZAiVX SLJosepTi l2i (JCi cv*^ 'LiKt o^^ y w\^ CV^' CEN. ^ c?" f& G^ ^ND I^OyTMilO^k St.T!l..|ll/l^ / .:*•:< >^ ^'i W i; /-•■i ^. Dumao 0^ ttyj;© I'Jrie Syracuflc X ° ^'^''''' ^■^^^<'' y^''"/' Jiliioiuinijlon JSi nn' y !_, - — — - — " 0-' Jiirliiitcton Si't'iiigtiulil c St.^o'uis /^ ."^C. .w^^^'^' "^ ^r- • ■, ■■'^^ f ^'ew Haven Tii'iladelj>hiu J? ^ /^j^nrTT Boh ton Proviilnnt'e V'li^ LDenison '3I(iiiiphife '^^„J '^\ / ^Decatur Gro» iicla Neville/ ■^"'^^* '" V ^-iS'S^^'^'^^"''^ _ , ,-• JMdrion •^''e ^^^ r Chattanooga;-^':--'''^'' T.aleigTi 1^! "o Shrcvci)ort/ ;^ iViclcbljur, Atlanta «.>.. JBii-miriAfham V^* Chaflotre « 7^ ^loutgpmery Augusta ^v^ Goldshoro "Wilmington f-?/f 'IPaJestii 'ntsville Uousfoji Charlt -^loTjile '^}:Uufaula Savannah New Orl.tyans^ TalluTiassce ■ ■'jj-y^L, F OF M E X I C 1 I-Hjl I f (■ Jucksouville =-> oySt;A!'ustine i^ v\l-Ai UdlL 1 1 > f Lm .Archangel THE :fk,03sj: LlfElFOOL to ths @E1AT HOETIWBST, •V I J^ AND THE ©EAHD Teuhk Railway j^isriD coisrnsrECTioiiTS. I ^rohaugel oj'enza rchefkasTt _AstralOian ' )oTo ZKizlaroJ OZKutaia IE MACDOUGALL'S GUIDE TO MAITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST; A CONCISE COMPENDIUM OF VALUABLE INFORMATION, CONTAINING THE LATEST FACTS AND FIGURES OF IMPORTANCE TO THE EMIGRANT, CAPITALIST, SPECULATOE, AND TOURIST, INCLUDING THE LATEST GOVERNMENTAL MAPS AND ^liUhX ^and f ^gu{ati0ni$* ■i ml W. B. MACDOUGALL, PUBLISHER. 1880. GUIDE TO MANITOBA. Si-L^f ! ^! 33 U M H > a < » o o o l-l CO 6 a INTRODUCTION". rpHE great attention in late years, paid both at home and abroad to the region, of which Manitoba is the centre, has been occasioned by the active measures taken by the Canadian Government to open up and settle the country, and by the wonderful reports as to the extraordinary fertility of the soil, and the unsur- passed inducements offered to immigrants from all parts of the world. Many circumstances have conspired in the older and more thickly settled coun- tries to direct the attention of the farming classes particularly to new fields of labour and the great prairies of the New Canadian North-west, the praises of which have been heralded by disinterested parties from the Atlantic to the Paci- fic, and throughout the crowded districts of the Mother Country and other Euro- pean States and Provinces. This has had the effect of creating an immense influx of strangers, amongst them many men of experience and capital, into the great soli- tudes of our new and promising territories, which, now with marvellous pro- gress and rapid growth are developing prosperous cities, towns, villages and set- tlements in different parts of the country. It is impossible, within the limits of a mere introduction, to give even a summary of the salient points of so vast a country, and it is, therefore, sufficient for our pur- poses in this chapter to direct attention to the different features of the subject, which will be treated in a brief and concise form under appropriate headings here- after ; but it is not out of place to add here, that in the compilation of this work we have aimed only at the truth, and have endeavoured to collect together just such information as will be of service to those who have heard more or less of the coun- try, and who have some idea of seeking homes m the North-west. Information of railroad and steamboat connections, transportation, time and distance, etc., serving as a practical guide to the traveller en route to the country, and after his arrival, to the interior, is made a special feature of the work. Of necessity in so limited a compilation, only brief notices and statements can be made, but it shall be our care to give the reader facts and figures of special in- terest about the country, geographical, historical, political ; its climate, health, so* ciety, soil and productions : land regulations with the latest government maps, etc. Of course in preparing a work of this kind, intended as a " Guide" to the vis- itor or immigrant, we have freely used information obtained -from official and private publications, as well as from well conducted journals, and we acknowledge our obligations ; but we have not in preparing these extracts, thought it neces- sary to particularize in our adoption of their work. 11 I. N *i i > i . ) j^ r- \ GUIDE TO MANITOBA REGULATIONS Respectii\g tlie Disposal of certain Public Lar\ds for the purposes of tl\e Canada Pacific Railway. Department of the Interior, Ottawa, October 14th, 1879. Public notice is hereby given that the following provisions, which shall be held to apply to the lands in the Province of Manitoba, and in the territories to the west and north-west thereof, are substituted for the Regulations, dattd the Oth July last, govern- ing the mode of disposing of the Public Lands situate within 110 (one hundred and ten) miles on each side of the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which said Regula- tions are hereby superseded : — 1. " Until further and iinal survey of the said railway has been made west of the Red River, and for the purposes of these provisions, the line of the said railway shall be assumed to be on the fourth base westerly to the intersection of the said base by the line between ranges 21 and 22 west of the first principal meridian, and thence in a direct lino to the confluence of the Shell River with the River Assiniboine. 2. " The country lying on each side of the line of railway shall be respectively divided into belts as follows : fH) " (1) -A- belt of five miles on either side of the railway, and immediately adjoining ''* - the same, to be called belt A ; " (2) A belt of fifteen miles on either side of the railway adjoining belt A, to be called belt B ; "(3) A belt of twenty miles on either side of the railway adjoining belt B, to be called belt C ; " (4) A belt of twenty miles on either side of the railway adjoining belt C, to be called belt D ; and "(5) A belt of fifty miles on either side of the railway adjoining belt D, to be called belt E. 3. " The even -numbered sections in each township throughout the several belts above described shall be open for entry as homesteads and pre-emptions of 160 acres each re- spectively. 4. " The odd-numbered sections in each of such townships shall not be open to home- stead or pre-emption, but shall be specially reserved and designated as Railway lands. 5. " The Railway Lands within the several belts shall be sold at the following rates, viz : — In Belt A. ^5 (five dollars) per acre ; in Belt B. ^ (foiir dollars) per acre ; in Belt C. $3 (three dollars) per acre ; in Belt D. $2 (two dollars) per acre ; in Belt E. $1 (one dollar} per acre ; and the terms of sale of such lands shall be as follows, viz : — one-tenth in cash at the time of purchase ; the balance in nine equal annual instal- ments, with interest, at the rate of six per cent, per annum on the balance of purchase money from time to time remaining un])aid, to be paid with each instalment. 6. '' The Pre-emption Lands within the several belts shall be sold for the prices and on the terms respectively, as follows : — In the Belts A, B and C at $2.50 (two dollars and fifty cents) p6r acre ; in Belt D, at $2 (two dollars) per acre ; and in Belt E, at $1 (one dollar) per acre. The terms of payment to be four-tenths of the purchase money, together with interest on the latter at the rate of 6 per cent, per annum, to be paid at the end of three years from the date of entry ; the remainder to be paid in six equal I I ic Lar\ds ; ail way. NTERIOR, jr 14th, 1879. shall be held to to the west and uly last, govern- ne hundred and ich said Regula- Tvest of the Red railway shall be said base by the and thence in a )ine. be respectively iiately adjoining ng belt A, to be ig belt B, to be ng belt C, to be ig belt D, to be iveral belts above .60 acres each re- be open to home- ,8 Railway lands, e following rates, lars) per acre ; in re ; in Belt E. $1 IS follows, viz : — ial annual instal- lance of purchase talment. tor the prices and S2.50 (two dollars I in Belt E, at ^1 purchase money, um, to be paid at | paid in six equal AND THE NORTH-WEST. 7 instalments annually from and after the said date, with interest at the rate above men* tioned on such portions of the purchase money as may remain unpaid, to be paid with each instalment. 7. " All payments for Railway Lands, and also for Pre-emption Lands, vithin the several Belts, shall be in cash, and not in scrip or military or police bounty war- rants. 8. " All moneys received in payment of Pre-emption Land shall inure to and form part of the fund for railway purposes, in a similar manner to the raoaoys received in payment of Railway Lands. 9. " These provisions shall be retroactive so far as relates to any and all entries of Homestead and Pre-emption Lands, or sales of Railway Lands obtained or made under the Regulations of the 9th July, hereby superseded ; any payments made in excess of the rate hereby fixed shall be credited on account of sales of such lands. 10. " The Order-in-Council of the 9th November, 1877, relating to the settlement of the lands in Manitoba which have been previously withdrawn for railway purposes, having been cancelled, all claims of persons who settled in good faith on lands under the said Order-in-Council shall be dealt with under these provisions, as to prices of Pre-emptions, according to the belt in which such lands may be situate. Where a per- son may have taken up two quarter-sections under the said Order-in-Council, he may retain the quarter-section upon which he has settled, as a Homestead, and the other quarter-section as a Pre-emption, under these provisions, irrespective of whether such Homestead and Pre-emption may be found to be upon an evon-numbered section or otherwise. Any moneys paid by such person on account of the lands entered by him under the said Order-inOouncil, will be credited to him on account of his Pre-emption purchase, under these provisions. A jjerson who may have taken up one quarter-sec- tion under the Order-in-Council mentioned will be allowed to retain the same as a Homestead, and will be permitted to enter a second (jiiarter-section as a Pre-emption, the money paid on account of the land previously entered to be credited to him on ac- count of such Pre-emption. 11. " All entries of lands shall be subject to the following provisions respecting the right of way of the Canadian Pacific Railway or of any Government colonization railway connected therewith, viz : " a. In the case of the railway crossing land entered as a homestead, the right of way thereon, and also any land which may be required for station purposes, shall be free to the Government. "h. Where the railway crosses Pre-emptions or Railway Lands, entered subsequent to the date hereof, the Government may take possession of such portion thereof as may be required for right of way, or for station grounds or ballast pits, and the owner shall only be entitled to claim payment for the land so taken, at the same rate per acre as he may have paid the Government for the same. "c. In case, on the final location of the railway through lands unsurveyed, or sur- veyed but not entered for at the time, a person is found in occupation of land which it may be desirable in the public interest to retain, the Government reserves the right to take possession of ':uch land, paying the squatter the value of any improvements he may have made thereon. 12. " Claims to Public Lands arising from settlement, after the date hereof, in territory unsurveyed at the time of such settlement, and which may be embraced within the limits affected by the above policy, or by the extension thereof in the future over additional territory, will be ultimately dealt with in accordance with the terms pre- scribed above for the lands in the particular belt in which such settlement may be found to be situated, subject to the operation of sub-section c of section 11 of these provi- sions. 13. "All entries after the date hereof of unoccupie<^. lands in the Saskatchewan Agency, will be considered as provisional until the rail .vay line through that part of the territories has been located, after which the same will be finally disposed of in accordance with these provisions, as the same may apply to the particular belt in which such lands may be foimd to be situated, subject, as above, to the operation of sub-sec- tion c of section 11 of these provisions. 14. ** With a view to encourage settlement by cheapening tho cost of building ma- terial, the Government reserves the right to grant licenses, renewable yearly, under section 62 of the ' Dominion Lands Act, 1879/ to cut merchantable timber on any lands * I W % ■'i# 8 GUIDE TO MANITOBA. situated within the several belts above described, and anv settlement upon, or sale of lands within the territory covered by such licenses, shall, for the time oeing, be sub- ject to the operations of such licenses. 15. " The above provisions, it will, of course, be understood, will not affect sections 11 and 29, which are public school lands, or sections 8 and 26, Hudson's Bay Company lands. "Any further information necessary may be obtained on application at the Dominion Lands OflSce, Ottawa, or from the agent of Dominion Lands, Winnipeg, or from any of the local agents in Manitoba or the Territories. By order of the Minister of the Interior, LINDSAY RUSSELL, Sut^eyor- General. J. S. DENNIS, Deputy of the Minister of the Interior. W. B. MACDOUGALL. ^ 'M AmMNT, MERCHANDIZE BROKER & ACCOUNTANT, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA. -♦"••»"♦- Land Claims attended to. Oollections made, Real Estate farm and city property, bought and sold on commission Loans negotiated. Houses and farms rented. General agency business for Manitoba and the North West. OOI^IiESI>03SriDE3SrOE SOXjIOITEID. upon, or Bale of Tbeing, be sub- ot affect sections 's Bay Company at the Dominion )eg, or from any fihe Interior. \i I: L. :t: ij •ANT, Real Estate commission neral agency ITEID. 00 bo (D ^ I < bo (D ■^ I < :f i( •v^ GENERAL FEATURES OF THE COUNTRY LOCATION AND AREA OF MANITOBA. CLIMATE AND LENGTH OF SEASONS. FORM OF GOVERNMENT— HOME.STEAD LAW— POPULATION— CITIES, TOWNS, AND VILLAOEH —RIVERS AND LAKES- -SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS- MTATI.^TIUS— RAILWAY CONNECTIONS — NAVIGATION — THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES — FUTURE GREATNESS. THE Province of Manitoba contains about 9,000,000 acres, of this the Htidson Bay Company's one-twontioth ownership, and school reserves amount to 707,080 acres, leaving avaiiablo 8,300,900 acres (including half-breed reserves now nearly all allotted) within the present boundary of the Province, being about 120 miles from east to west.fand 100 miles North and South. The Province lying between the parallels of 49" and 50", 2" of North latitude, and 9G" and 99" of West longitude, occupies nearly the actual centre of the North American continent, is nearly equally distant between the pole and the equator, and the Atlantic and Pacific Ocearis. Climate and Seasons. The climate of the Province gives conditions of decided heat in summer and decided cold in winter. The snow goes away and ploughing begins in April, which is about the ame as in the older Provinces of Canada, and the Northern United States on the At- [lantic Seaboard, and the Northwestern States, Minnesota and Wisconsin. The crops [are harvested in August and September. The long sunny days of summer bring vei?e- tion of all sorts to r.vpid maturity. The days are warm and the nights cool. Autumn Ibegins about the 20th September, and lasts till November, when the regiilar frost Isets in. The winter proper comprises the months of December, January, February, nd March. Spring comes in April. The summer months are part of May, June, July,, August and part of September. In winter the thermometer sinks to thirty and orty degrees below zero ; but this degree of cold in the dry atmosphere of the North- West does not produce any unpleasant sensations. The weatlier is not felt to' be lolder than that in the Province of Quebec, nor so cold as milder winters in climates |where the frost, or even a less degree of cold than frost, is accompanied with dampness. In times of wind storms, however, the cold is found to be specially searching. The estimony of settlers is universal as to the fact that the winter is on the whole, both leasant and healthy ; and former residents of both Ontario and Quebec state that they like it quite as well as that of those Provinces. Snow does not fall on the prairies to an average greater depth than twelve inches, nd horsesgraze out of doors all winter. They scratch the snow off the prairie grass^ [and grow fat upon it. Homed cattle graze out of doors part of the winter, but in some itates of the weather they require to be brought in. Instances are, however, stated [in which homed cattle have grazed out all winter. i\' :| 10 OUIDE TO MANITOBA The following table will serve for comparison between the summer temperatures of the Red River and the countries south : Jane July Auguit Summer Mean. Red River 69.10 71.16 63.03 67.76 Chicago .62.07 70-08 68.06 67.0^ Iowa 66.04 70.06 68.09 68.06 Wisconsin 61.07 68.06 66.07 65.03 NewYork 64.02 68.05 66.07 66.05 Toronto 64.02 67.96 65.00 66.98 It will thus be seen that the summer is warmer than Northern Illinois, Western Wisconsin, Northern New York, or Toronto, Ontario. In relation to agriculture, the intensity of winter cold is not injurious, and its eflfect upon physical comfort is miti- gated by the clear dry winter atmosphere. * It has been stated that the climate of Manitoba is pleasant and healthy. It may be added, the dryness of the air, the character of the soil, which retains no stagnant pools to send forth poisonous exhalations, and the almost total absence of fog or mist, the brilliancy of its sunlight, the pleasing succession of its seasons, all conspire to make Manitoba a climate of unrivalled salubrity, and the future home of a healthy, pros- perous people, strong in physical, intellectual and moral capabilities. Fevers and consumptions are almost unknown, and diseases of an epidemical character have been never known to prevail. The average fall of snow is about six inches per month. The snow falls in small quantities at different times, and is rarely blown into drifts so as to impede travelling. At the present ^time the population may be roughly estimated at seventy-five thousand. Form of Government. The form of Government is similar to that of the othet Provinces of the Dominion, but the Legislative Council being abolished by Act of the Legislature, the Legislature consists only of a Legislative Assembly of twenty-four members, representing twenty- four constituencies. The Executive consists of the Lieutenant-Governor, a Provincial Secretary, acting also as Attorney-General, a Provincial Treasurer, Minister of Public Works, and Minister of Agriculture, who is also President of the Council. Homestead Law, A liberal Homestead Law is in force in Manitoba, which exempts from seizure the debtor's ordinary furniture, tools and fai-m implements in use, also " one cow, two oxen, one horse, four sheep, two pigs, and th*^ food for the same for thirty days," and " the land cidtivated by the debtor, provided the extent of the same be not more than one hundred and sixty acres, in which case the surplus may be sold with privileges to first mortgages. The house, stables, barns, fences on the debtor's farm, are, by this act, declared free from seizure, by virtue of all writs of execution issued by any court of this Province." No limit is placed on the value of the farm or home thus secured to the family, whatever its value may become. It may be safely asserted that this law will greatly advance immigration to this Province, and prove a blessing to thousands of worthy land honest men, women and children for every one unworthily shielded by its provisions. Soil and Productions- The soil of Manitoba, which is mostly prairie, and 'covered with grass, is a deep alluvial deposit of unsurpassed richness. It produces beautiful crops of cereals, grasses, roots and vegetables. So rich and inexhaustible is the soil that wheat has been cropped off the ;>ame place for fifty years without manure, and without showing signs of ex- haustion. It is especially a wheat-growing soil, and is believed to contain the most favourable conditions for the growth of this grain on the continent. As bearing on the particular advantages of Manitoba for the cultivation of wheat, the following analysis of a specimen of the alluvial soil from the prairie of the Province of Manitoba is given. It is by Professor Y. Emmerling, Director of the Chemical Laboratory of the Agricultural Association of the University of Kiel, Holstein, Germany : — AND THE NORTH-WEST. 11. (Tramlation of Letter to Senator Emil Klotz.) " Kiel, 29th April, 1872. " HoK. Senator : " The analysis of the Manitoba soil is now completed, and the result is in 100,000' parts ; — Potash 228.7 Sodium 33.8 Phosphoric Acid 69.4 Limd 682.6 Magnesia 16.1 Nitrogen 486.1 "Yours truly, " CSigned) V. Emmerung. " {Extract from Letter of Senator Emil Klotz to Jacob E. Klotz, Agent for the Dominion Oovernment.) " Kiel, 4th May, 1872. " After considerable delay, I succeeded in obtaininj? the analysis of the Manitoba soil from Professor Emmerling, Director of the Chemical Laboratory of the Agricultu- ral Association of this place, and hope it may be of service to you. Annexed I give you our analysis of the most productive soil in Holstein, whereby you will see how exceed- ingly rich the productive qualities of the Manitoba soil are, and which fully explains the fact that the land in Manitoba is so very fertile, even without manure. " The chief nutrients are, first nitrogen, then potash and phosphoric acid, which predominates there ; but what is of particular importance is the lime contained in the BoU, whereby the nitrogen is set free, and ready to be absorbed in vegetable organisms. The latter property is defective in many soils, and when it is found defective recourse must be had to artificial means by putting lime or marl (a clay which contains much lime) upon the same. " According to the analysis of the Manitoba soil, there is no doubt that to the farmer who desires to select for his future home a country which has the most productive soil and promises the richest harvest, no country in the world oflfers greater attractions than the Province of Manitoba, in tha Dominion of Canada. ** Analysis of the Holstein Soil and Manitoba Soil compared : Holstein Excess of Properties Soil. of Manitoba Soil. Potash 30 198.7 Sodium 20 13.8 Phosphoric Acid 40 29.4 Lime 130 552.6 Magnesia 10 0. 1 Nitrogen 40 446.1" The facts above stated sufficiently account for the popular experience of the remark- able production of wheat in the Province of Manitoba. Oats, barley, rye, potatoes, etc. , are less restricted in their range, growing five de- grees beyond wheat in the Mackenzie River Valley to the Arctic Circle. Barley is a favourite alternate crop for wheat in Manitoba, and yields very large returns — with a weight per bushel of from 60 to 55 pounds. Oats also thrive well. It has not yet been demonstrated by experiment whether fruit trees, such as apples, will flourish on the open prairie. But it appears from experience in Minnesota that they will in connection with shelter and forest tree planting. There is, however, no doubt that the hardier kinds of apple will do well in Manitoba. This has been suffi- ciently established. Although flax and hemp succeed well in Manitoba, the want of markets has pre- vented their culture, except to a limited extent. Bees do well here, as in similar northern climates, the clear skies and rich flora being favourable for them. They live better through the long, cold, dry winters, and consume less honey than in the milder and more humid winters of more southern latitudes. >\ : i 19 ; 111 ' 'I'' if 12 GUIDE TO MANITOBA The grasses grow rich and hixuriant for twelve hundred miles north of the southern boundary of Manitoba. The quality of the beef and mutton raised has been pronounced of superior excel- lence. Among the peculiar advantages of Manitoba, for stock-raising and wool-growing, the most prominent are : 1st. The richness and luxuriance of the native grasses ; the grass is mainly cut on the swamps and meadows, which chequer the prairies or fringe the streams and lakes. 2nd. The great extent of unoccupied land, affording for many years to come a wide range of free pasturage. 3rd. The remarkable dryness and healthfulness of the winter. Wool grows heavier, and mutton, beef and pork are sweeter and more juicy. It is nearly forty years since the introduction of sheep into Red River, and no case of any disease attacking them has ever been known or herrd of. Well-fod ewes produce fleeces from 2 to 3| pounds. Wethers produce fleeces from 6 to 8 pounds, the wool being of a good quality. All root crops and vegetables attain enormous size. Early Rose potatoes were sent from here to the great International Exhibition at Philadelphia, which weighed from 2\ to 3^ pounds each, and received honourable mention and awards ; also, other vege- tables and cereals, facsimiles in wax of potatoes were also shown at the Paris Exhibi- tion, and received awards. Samples of "Fife" and "Golden drop" spring wheat grown here received a medal and awards at both exhibitions. The average yield of wheat in Manitoba, deducted from the aggregate of local esti- mates (not official) is twenty bushels to the acre, the range of ordinary yields being from fifteen to thirty-five. Experience has taught us to allow largely for the disposi- tion to base general inferences on the most striking and notorious instances, and for the general habit of confounding a usual result with an average one. The official returns of Minnesota, which is considered the best wheat-growing State in America, set down the average production at seventeen bushels to the acre. A comparison of the yield fof wheat for past years at Manitoba, with the best dis- tricts of the United States, will show its superiority over them, viz. : Manitoba Spring Wheat, average production, 20 bushels per acre. Minnesota do do 17 do do Wisconsin do do 14 do do Pennsylvania do do 15 do do Massachusetts do do 16 do do The weight as compared with that of the following States, is Manitoba Spring Wheat . . 63 to 66 lbs. to the bushel. Minnesota do 60 to 65 lbs. do Illinois do 52 to 58 lbs. do Ohio do 57 to 60 lbs. do Pennsylvania do 57 to 60 lbs. do The soundness and fulness of the grain is unmistakably indicated by the fact, that it will command a higher price than any Western State grain, when it goes to market unmixed and well cleaned. The fact established by climatologists that " the cultivated plants yield the greatest products near the Northernmost limit at which they will grow," is fully illustrated in our productions. It is a well known fact that, in Southern latitudes, the warm spring develops the juices of the plant too rapidly. They run into the stalk and leaf to the neglect of the seed. An important feature in the soil of our prairies is, that its 'earthy materials are minutely pulverized, and is almost everywhere light, mellow, and spongy. With these uniform characteristics, the soils are of different grades of fertility, ac- cording to local situation. The limestone sub-strata of this region, with its rich, deep, calcarous loam and retentive clay subioil, is always associated with a rich wheat de- velopment, while its hoc and humid summers, fulfil all the climatological conditions of a first rate wheat country. Some fields on the Red River have been known to pro- duce twenty successive crops of wheat without fallow or manure, and the yield has fre- ' quently' reached as high as forty bushels per acre. AND THE NORTH-WEST. \2^' How to Reach the Country. ^6 cost of conveyance from any part of Canada to Manitoba is exceedingly mode- rate, and the steamers from Great Britain are now so numerous, that the transport of a family from any part of the United Kingdom or from Canada to the great ^/heat growing and cattle raising districts in the North- West, is hardly appreciable when the advantages offered are considered. A continuous line of railway now exists from Quebec, Montreal, Toronto, and indeed every town and \ illage throi^ghout the Dominion, to Winnipeg, An alternative route is offered by railway to SamJa or CoUingwood, and then by first-clasa steamers to Duluth, at the head of Lake Superior, where direct railway communication exists with Winnipeg. This lake route will be greatly improved as soon as the railway now under con- struction from Thunder Bay on Lake Superior to Winnipeg is completed, and the cost and time of conveyance will also be materially lessened. At present the cost of carriage for each person is as follows : — By rail all the way, from Montreal through Chicago : 1st class. emigrant. $59.25 $29 From Montreal to Saruia or CoUingwood, and thence by the Lakes via Duluth : 1st class. emigrant. $62 Cattle, goods, and agricultural implements are taken at reasonable charges by either route. The lines of steamers from Liverpool, Glasgow, London, Bristol, and Irish ports, carry cabin passengers at from £10 to £18 to Quebec, according to accommodation,, and emigrants at from £3 10s. to £6 6s. per head. The time occupied by these steamers is from 9 to 12 days, and from Quebec to Winnipeg the time is 4 days by railway throughout, and by waj of the lakes 6 days. Settlers from Europe can therefore reach Manitoba in 14 days from Liverpool, and from any part of Canada, in 4 days or less, at a small outlay. Hints as to Capital Required. A settler who wants to take up land in Manitoba, can by an outlay of $2,000 or £400 sterling, secure 160 acres of land in fee, if he pays $5 an acre for it, and provide him- self with a reasonably comfortable house, barn, stable, pair of oxen, cow and pigs, ploughs, harrows, and all that is necessary to give him a fair start and a certain com- petency and happy home for the future. The taxes are of course much less than either in Canada or Great Britain. In other words, a man with a family can establish himself comfortably, on a farm solely belonging to himself, and witliout any rent to pay, or leasehold obligations of any kind, and which is his property in fee for ever, for a sum which will not equal the average per acre of rent and taxes payable in Great Britain annxmlly for a farm of equal size. He can do this for less by taking up a homestead and pre-emption right from the Government. If he buys land either from Government or from private parties, his payment of say $6 an acre, will be spread over at least 7 yeart, the annual amount due being paid out of the surplus earnings of the farm, and being practically therefore not felt as an item in his ordinary annual expenditure. By buying land on the reasonable terras offered as regards terms of payment, a settler with $500 or $1,000 can establish himself very comfortably, and rapidly become independent, and the owner of his land in fee. Settlers without any means can by hard work obtain a home for themselves by taking up Government land as a homestead. i ? 1 iff J r1 111 14 OUIDE TO MANITOBA Cost of Transport for Crop. Within two years, as soon as the other Canadian railways are completed, grain will be taken from any point as far west as Fort EUice to Thunder Bay on Lake Superior, ,ind put into elevators there, for probably 15 cents a bushel, but certainly never to exceed 20 cents. Propellers will take it from the elevators, and passing through the Lakes and the enlarged Welland Canal, will deliver it in Montreal for 10 " From Montreal to Liverpool the average freight may be taken at 5s. ster- ling a quarter, which is equal to per bushel 15 " Total 45 cents. Farmers in Manitoba now state that the cost of raising wheat does not exceed, if it reaches, 40 cents a bushel. So that wheat will therefore be grown in Manitoba and and delivered in Liverpool at a cost to the producer, includl..g all charges for trans- port, of 85 cents a bushel, or 28s. 4d. a quarter. With wheat selling in England at 408 a quarter, there is thus an enormous profit to be made by the wheat grower in Manitoba and the North- West. The average price of wheat in England for the 30 years from 1849 to 1878 was 53s. a quarter — the highest price being 73s, lid. in 1855, and the lowest 39s. 7d. in 1851. At the rate at which settlers are now pouring into the country, all the wheat grown in Manitoba for the next two or three years, until the railways now being constructed are completed, will be required for food and seed. Up to the end of 1878 (the last official returns), upwards of two millions of acres of land had been taken up by actual settlers in Manitoba and the North- West. That quantity is now undoubtedly increased to nearly three millions. Government Grants of Land. The Government grants homesteads on alternate sections on each side of the rail- way, of 160 acres free, and allows settlers to take up an additional 160 acres on the alternate sections on "pre-emption," at prices ranging from $2.50 to $1 an acre. They also sell lands at prices ranging from $5 an acre on the other sections on each side of the railway. School System. In addition to the excellent education now obtainable in the City of Winnipeg, the Government have reserved two sections in each township for school lands, the proceeds of which, as sold, is to be applied to the establishment of good schools. In every part of the country, therefore, as fast as settlement progresses, schools will be provided, where good education can be obtained for children. Municipal organization is also being put in force already in the older settlements, and will be extended as population grows, so that all reasonable wants of settlers wiU be fully provided for. Timber and Fuel Supply. The railway line from Winnipeg to Thunder Bay passes through most extensive timber districts near Rat Portage, where large saw mills are now in course of erection, and which will jupply at moderate prices all the lumber required for buildings and fences in the western part of the country. Considerable quantities of timber for building purposes, and for fuel also, exist on the banks of all the rivers and creeks, and there are in addition groves of poplar all over the country. No difficulty will be found to exist as regards timber both for build- ing or fuel. Goal. Large deposits of coal have been discovered on the Saskatchewan river and also on the Assiniboine. The former has already been worked to some extent, and the quality is pronounced by all who have used it as excellent. There will be ample fuel of both coal and wood to bo distributed by the lines of railway now constructing, in addition to the tiriber which is found on the banks of all the rivers. \ AND THE NORTH-WEST. 15 Rivers. seasons, soil and Having given the reader a short outline of Manitoba, its climate, productions, we will now make mention of the rivers of the Province and of the North west which are the most important water courses. The Red River. This long winding river rises in Otter Tail Lake, and Traverse Lake in Minnesota, U. S., and empties into Lake Winnipeg, about 105 miles from the southern and inter- national boundary of the Province ol Manitoba. Its entire length is 700 miles, but its crooked course makes the distance by water nearly 200 miles from the United States boundary line to Lake Winnipeg, where it has three^mouths entering the lake through deep marshes. The river is navigable the entire distance. Its banks are from twenty to thirty feet high, and are lined with a heavy fringe of timber, comprising chiefly poplar and tamarac, with a mixture of oak, elm and birch. The woods appear heavier and more continuous on the eastern side of the river than on the western, and beyond this forest line to «^he eastward and to the westward the vast prairie extends as far as the eye can reach, dotted here and there on the bluffs, and along the numerous creeks, with groves of trees. The prairie, as a general rule, is level, although in some parts it is slightly undulat- ing, and everywhere it has an inclination towards the river. The soil varies slightly in some parts of the Province, but is chiefly of an alluvial black argillaceous mould, rich in organic deposit, and rests at a usual depth of two and a-half feet on the prairie, and from two and a-half feet to twenty feet on bottom lands. There are swamps and marshes here and there, but on examination they will be found to possess a firm bot- tom of alluvial soil, similar to the prairie, and so hard that horses and cattle can wade through them in every direction, and as they are generally at a much higher level than the streams, the channels of which are deep, it will not be a difficult matter to drain them so as to bring them under cultivation, when they will prove perhaps to be the finest land in the Province. From Emerson, a thriving town on the boundary line, to Winnipeg along the river we pass through four parishes, those of St. Agathe, St. Norbert, St. Vital, and St. Boniface. At Winnipeg the Assiniboine River empti'^s into the Red River. Leaving the capital of the Province, the traveller enters upon one of the main high- ways of the country, along which are many fine farms and houses, and here and there a church. From Winnipeg to Selkirk, a distance of twenty miles along the western bank of the river, you pass through the parishes of Kildonan, St. Andrews, St. Clements and then the St. Peter's Indian Reserve is reached, where the country gradually declines until it sinks into swamps and marshes, where the river empties into Lake Winnipeg. The character of the soil along the road we have just travelled, from Winnipeg to St. An- drew's, is a black loam, after which the land becomes lighter in character, and towards the bank of the river, somewhat mixed with gravel. From St. Andrew's downwards, the soil cannot be surpassed for wheat growing. The Assiniboine River. This river, by its very winding course, is over 600 miles in length. For 220 miles from its mouth, itr course is nearly west, and beyond that for 200 miles in direct dis- tance, its course is north-westerly. At 220 miles west from its mouth it turns north- ward and receives its tributary, the River Qu'Appelle. Ascending the river seventy miles, to the Sand Hills, the country through which it flows is of the same rich alluvial character as the Red River. Beyond that is a sandy tract, fifty miles in length west- ward. Then for about 100 miles further west, to where it turns northward at the mouth of the Qu'AppeUe, and for nearly fifty miles north of that, this river may be considered the boundary line between the rich prairie region, and the inferior and light sandy soil south and west of it. Between the Sand Hills and the Qu'Appelle, the Assiniboine receives on the north side five considerable tributaries, from fifty to 150 miles in length. The river is navigable at high water as far as the Little Saskatchewan River, and boats run regularly to Portr.ge La Prairie from Winnipeg. !• I •1., M j] ¥ '■■ 16 GUIDE TO MANITOBA The Saskatchkwan Rivbk. Tha north and aouth branches of the Saskatchewan River have their sources in the Rooky Mountains, but a few miles apart. From their nearly comiton source, the north branch diverges north-eastward, and the south branch, or Bow River, south-eastward, till at 260 miles due eastward they attain a distance of 300 miles from each other, then gradually approaching, they meet at 560 miles eastward from their source. The length of the north branch is put at 775 miles, and that of the south branch at about 810 miles. From this junction the course of the main Saskatchewan to Lake Winnipeg is 2P2 miles, this makes the whole length, of the river, from the source of the south branch to Lake Winnipeg, 1092 miles. Following the north branch the total length to Lake Winnipeg, is 1,064 miles. The character of the soil in the country drained by the Saskatchewan ia of a very superior quality. Already the country is settling up rapidly, and men of capital and ex- perience are pushing their enterprises in this direction. Steamers run to Edmonton, a distance by river of 1,200 miles. The Red Deer, Bow and Belly Rivers Are tributaries of the south branch of the Saskatchewan, having their source in the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains, and drain a beautiful and fertile region, eight times greater in extent than the present Province of Manitoba. Roox oi; Carrot River Rises in rich lands, 60 miles south-west from the forks of the Saskatchewan, and flowa through a wooded country with many lakes, generally from 30 to 60 miles south of the (Saskatchewan, into which it falls after a covirse of about 240 miles. It is estimated there are three millions of acres of land of first quality between this river and the Saskatchewan. River Qu'Appellb Has its source near the elbow of the south branch of the Saskatchewan, and runs into the Assiniboine at Fort EUice. it runs through a fine valley, and of which the ex- pansion forms eight lakes where the best fish abound. Rapid River, or Little Saskatchewan Is a tributary of the Assiniboine. It is a very beautiful stream though very rapid, and is navigable for canoes and bateaux for one hundred miles. It drains a magnifi- cent country which is fast settling up, and the soil is of wonderful fertility. • The Souris or Mouse River Enters the Assiniboine from the south in the midst of a voiy lovely undulating coun- try, near the mouth of the Rapid River. The Swan River Enters a bay on the north end of Lake Winnipegoos, and is about 200 miles in length by its course. Near its mouth tnere are some very valuable salt springs. About thirty miles above Swan Lake, the prairie region fairly commences. There the river winds about in a beautiful and fertile valley, its banks rising to a height of eighty and one hundred feet. Beyond this an apparently unbroken level extends on one side for a distance of twenty miles to the Porcupine Hills, and for an equal distance on the other, to the high table land called the Duck Mountain. Lakes Manitoba and Winnipeooos. These lakes are each one hundred and twenty miles in length, the greatest breadth of Manitoba is twenty-four miles, and of Winnipegoos twenty-nine ; taken together they extend two hundred and twenty miles from north to south. The head of Winni- pegoos being known as the Mossy Portage, which is only about four and a quarter mUes in length, though low wet ground, and connects with Oedar Lake on the Main Saskatchewan. This important connection, which is now occupying the attention of the Government of the Dominion, would form a water line of communication of about, one thousand five hundred miles in length, from the City of Winnipeg in Manitoba,, to the foot of the Rocky Mountains. B in the e north Btward, sr, then > lencth > miles. ! is 2P2 branch Lake a very tnd ex- nton. a in the eight [ flow* of the nated d the I! i into le ex- apid, gnifi- loun- ngth iirty inds one For a her, idth ther nni- rter fain a of )out. )ba,. a 00 u o o 3 ^ s i ^ «■■■ «■■■ ASD THE NO urn- WEST. 17 TO MANITOBA! i '^ I I "A 1 When and how to go to the Prairie Province —From British Ports to Canadian Ports— Steamship Lines and Railway Con- nections— Quebsc, Halifax and Portland— Advice about Sailing —A chapter of g-eneral information for the Immigrant. The timo lias long since, gone by when it was !i question whether the man of liniitetl means, wiih a fauiily iuid hut pixjr prospects in the Old World, ooiild better his condi- tion by goini,' to t)ie Kew Woild and striving to build up a I onie and a competence for himself and his family. There is no longer a cjuestion .about his being able to do so ; it is certain that any man who is able find willing to w(jrk, and who has any experience or adaptability fur iigricultnial pursuits, can, in the c(jurse of a few years, build up a Itetter and more prosperous future for himself and family in the thinly settled Pro- vince of C. lada tlian he can in the over pi )pulat(;d districts of England, Scotland or Wales. Thousands have tried the experiment during the last quarter of a century and practically proved its success by securing comfortable homea in a comparatively short time, and thousands are J'eaily following in their footsteps encouraged by their success, and freejuently helped by remitiances from those wlio have di^ne so v/ell as to be able not only to support themselves comfortably, but to assist others who were left behind. The question iu)W-a-day8, therefore, is not whether to come to Canada or not ; but when to come and how best to get there, and this chapter is intended as a guide to those who have determined to try their fortunes in the largest^ most important and most flourishing colony of the British Empire. First, let us saj a word as to Who should come to Canada- It must always bo borne in mind that Canada is essentially an agricultural country ; although we have immense forests, prolilic fisheries and almost inexhaustible mineral wealth, still our rirb soil, sp'Teu Ud pasture-lauds and magnificent wheat-producing prairies are the very backbone of .he country, and agriculture is yeixrly and yearly be- coming more and more the staple industry of the country ; therefoi-e, the " tiijers of the soil " are the class who are most needed here, and who are moit certain of achiev- ing success by steady industry. The agricultural resources of G.mada are practically limitless, for in the vast prairiep of the North- West we have a country, capable of producing the finest wheat in the world, which i^v exceeds in extent all the wheat pro- ducing territory of Europe combined ; and almost the whole of this bounteous herit- age is as yet untouched by the plough or harrow, and awaits the hand of man to burst forth into smiling crops of plent}'. To the farmer, then, Canada offers the greatest inducements ; but there is also scope for the 'abourer, the mechanic and the urtizan ; and the demand for these latter will increase' as the country grows in prosperity and our manufactures become more thoroughly developed. During the past year the manu- iil % i. 18 GUI Die TO MAMTon.t U 'A a s AND THE NOIITII-U'EST. 19 f(ictnrlii>^ iiulustrios of tliocnniitry liavo fjroiitly rocovcrod from tlio (iopmsaioM uniloi- which thoy- ill uomiiion with tiio manufiicturosof (Iroat Uritiviii and the Uiiitoil Status — had boLMi Hiitl'L-rin^ for tho p.vst four ycavH ; and tho prosont indioatioiis afo that tha recovery will ho poriuanont, and tho hold for niou'haiiical labxir in Canada very much enlarged during tho noxt few years. I'rofossional and literary nion and clerks are not ad- vised to C()nio,nnIoHa to fill up provionnly si-onrod positions , hut there is always a consi- derable demand for female domestic servants at j,'ooil wa,'es,an I farm labourers, provided they are strong and healthy, can be sure of obtainin'^ em[)loymijnt. Tho clisa, how- ever, wliich is most needed aiid most stiro of success is tho tenant farmer — with some capital, or those who have some means and are inclined to a lo|»t farminf,' pursuits. Although the Canadian (iovornment makes a free grant of ojio liundred and sixty acres of land to every actual settlor, still a little capital is needed to .stock it, erect l)nildinga, etc., and the immigrant who his a couple of liuudro:! pounds or so t > begin with, starts under favourable circnmstancos which cainiot fail to load him to compe- tency in tenor fifteeen years, if he is st.'ady and industrious. I laviu,:.' decided to c )me, tlio next quceitions are How and when to come- in answer to the fust we would say come by one of the steamship lines fr )m Liver- pool or (llasgow direct to Canada, landing at Quebec and thence pursuing the journey by rail to Manitoba or the North-west. In no caie is it advisaltie to go by any of tlie American lines to New York or any other American port (excoi)t Portland in the winter) as they will prove more expensive in the end, and th;; immigrant will consume more time in reaching hit! destination in the North-west than bv adopting the Canadian route ; Iffeside which ho exposes himself to the risk of being swindled by irresponsible land agents and speculators, from wluuu ho is protected in Canada, by the Dominion Ciovernment having responsible agents at all importiuit points, to furnish immignints with information cand to direct them on their way. The three linos of steamers run ning direct to Canada are the Allan from Livcrpoijl and (Jlasgow, tonohing at Londtm- derry ; the Dominion Line, from Liverpool, touching at Quebec, and the Heaver Line from Liverpool. All these companies havo local agents in all parts of England, Scot- land and Ireland ; and it is always best to apply to the nearest local agents v ho will furnish full information re.si)ecting rates of passage, dates of sailing, itc. ; and supply the tipplic.ant with a number of pamphlets on Canada, containing information respect- ing public lands, itc. Jf there doos not happen to be a local agent, then applicatiim should be made to the Canadian Minister to England, at the Canadian (iovornment Buildings, 31 Victoria Street, Ijondon, E. C, where prompt attention will be j)aid to letters or personal application, and tho fidlest infornuition given to intending immi- grants on ail questions of interest to them. It is always bsst to purchase a ticket bo- fore leaving home, as a place in the ship is thereby secured and mich delay and incon- venience avoided in Liverpool. In the way of general inform ition it may, however, be stated that Thursday is the day for leaving Liverpool, and the day foUowing from Londcmderry or Quecnstown, and that the rate for steerage passage ia about £0, but some reduction is made to families. Crossing the Atlantic In the Steerage has lost nearly all tho horrors which it entailed twenty-tive or thirty years ago, when the trip had to be made by sailing vessels ; the passengers had to furnish and cook their own provisions, and were huddled together like sheep in a pen without the slight- est attempt at either decency or comfort. Now the various steamships bringing passen- gers to Canada have large and convenient steerages divided into compartments, one for married couples and families, anothti for single men and a third for single women ; the company furnishes three good meals a day consisting of meat, vegetables, bread and butter, coflee, &c., and '.here are a number of attendants to h)ok after the com- forts of the steerage passengers, besides a doctor to attend to their ailments. A separate sleeping berth is provided for each passenger, but he has to provide hint-self with a bed and bedclothes, besides a tin plate or two, knife and fork, wash-basin and drinking cnp, U \k ' V ffl 1 , h I : !! 'I sa (HUIDE TO MANITOJLi nil of wliich cm l)o priic<»rt'(l iu Liverpool for a fow HlulliiiLts ; but it will bo as woU to fH)[)ly to olio of tliL> otLloor.-i of tlio (./Oinpany, or to tin* Doniiiiinn lnuni|,'iunt Agoiit for iitivico whuro to gotthoiii, anil ho avoi Onco fairly cm])arked tho immigrant will do wvtll to make himself thoroughly ac(|uaintcd with tho rules of tho ship, which he will find hung up in tho steerage, and which he is required to obey while at sea. The rules aro not very numerous fir exact- ing, but thoy must bo adhered to, and tho steeriigo passenger will find it to his comfort and convenience to comply with thorn, thereby conducing to his own health as well as that of others. Should ho have any real cause of jomplaint, he should make \l known to the Captain, who, with the Surgeon, is re((nirod to visit the steenigo every day ; but the steerage is so well conducted on tho Canadian steamers that there is very little cause for complaint, and passengers should try to avoid giving unnecessary troid)ie by complaining without just ca\ise. In case of sea-sickness there is scarcely anything to be done but to "grin ajid bear it," although, f>f coui-se, if tho sickness is very long or violent the doctor will attend the surt'eror. It must bo romemV>erod that medical ad- vice and treatment aro included in the pa8.sago i-ates and there is no extra charge for either. Sea-sickness seldom lasts for more than two or three days, and tho remainder of the trip will i)ass very pleasantly. Immigrants will do well to supply themselves \\rith a few books and iia[>er8, or they may sometimes find the time hang a littlo heavily on their hands. During tho spring and siunmer the passage seldom lasts more than from ten to twelve days ; and in about that time after lea\ing Liverpool he can count on being Landed at Quebec, to which port only it is best to take a ticket, and there procure another ticket to what- ever part of Canada may be desired. Immigrants' baggage is admitted free and in- cludes all hoiisehold eflects, clothing, ttc, but not uncut cloth in pieces ; therefore, it is as well to be carefid to have all clothes cut out at home and made up either there or on the voyage, which will find employment for the women and girls when they will be glad of something to do. It is well, also, to remember that tho attempt to smuggle through tlin Custom House small parcels of dutiable goods might lead to very serious consequences, for although the Canadian Customs ofiicers are very considerate with inunigrants and save them as much trouble as possible, thoy are very severe with would be smugylers. At Quebec the immigrant can get from the Government Immi- gration Agent all the informaticm ho recpiires as to tho cheapest and best way to get to any part ol Canada he may desire, and it will be found to save much time and trouble to consult him, or some of hi% assistants, instead of trusting to oneself alone. To reach Manitolia tlie quickest waj' is to go all rail by way of tho (irand Trunk to Detroit, from thence, by way of Chicago and St. Paul, to Emerson, where the branch line of the Canada Pacific runs to Winnipeg, tho cnpital of the Prf)vince ; or, if a day or two longer makes no difference, it will be pleasanter to go by rail to Cjllingwood or Sarnia, from each of which places a lino of steamers runs to Didnth, at the head of Lake Superior — the largest sheet of fresh water in the world— and from thence by rail to Winnipeg. Tho journey from (Quebec to Winnijieg will take about six days, and the cost by immigrant train (rJrd class) is about £5 ; it must be remembered, however, that this does not include meal:? ; but at Quebec, Montreal, Toronto, and other points along the line the Government has erected depots for immigran's where an excellent meal can be had for twenty -five cents (ime shilling) so that the cost of " living by the way " need not be very great. This chapter has been intended chiefly for immigrants com- ing out in the steerage ; farmers and others of means who can afford to come out as saloon passengers are referred to the adA'ertisements of the diflferent Steaniship Companies. 1 I 6 ! , il ; I 22 GUIDE TO MANUOBA The Different Routes through Canada and the United States. " The iininis^rant from Europe, on arrival at Quebec, may travel direct through by railway to St. Bouiface in abtjut four days' travelling time. St. Boniface is the ter- minus in Manitoba, and situated immediately opposite tlie City of Winuipeu', the comuiercical centre ; the most direct route being as follows : Quebec, by Grand Trunk Kailway, via Sarniaand Port Huron to Detroit, in the State of Michigan ; thence iu Chicago or via the Gieat Western from Toronto to Detroit,, connectirg with tlie Miclii- gan Central for Chicago — Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway — or the Chicago, St. Paul & Minneapolis l>ine, (sve ndcavti^emods), to St. Paul, in Minnesota, St. Paul to St. Boniface, by the St. Paul and Pacific, and Pembina Branch of the Canadian Pacific Kailway, the total distance being about 2,000 miles, tirst-class fare being $51. «5, and by immigrant cars, which are comfortably fitted lip, ^34. Special raies are made for colonists or immigrants going through in large parties togetlier ; information re- garding which may be had from any of the tTiovernment Immigration Agents. The rates through to iS'ew Vork or Bostt)n are about the same as fi'om Quebec. If the lake i-oute is prefeired, it is as follows : From Toronto, by Northern railway to Colliiigwood, on Lake Hiiron, where you embark on board one of the fine steamers of the Collingwood and Lake Superior Line to Duluth ; thence by railway to Manitoba. Another route is from Sarnia to Duluth by the North- West Transportation Company's steamers. The time by lake route, Quebec to Manitoba, is from about eight days. First-class rates the same as the all-rail route ; second-class, ^27.50. By rail eacli adult is allowed 150 pounds of baggage free, extra baggage will cost ^3.50 per 100 lbs. Outfit, Prices, &c. Immigrants and others can purchase tagricultural implements, stoves, iron, and tin ware, groceries, in fact all necessary outfit in Manitoba, nearly as cheap as in the East- ern part of Canada, and save all risk and trouble and expense of extra baggage, &c. A necessary and important item in the outfit, is a good tent with poles, for the journey after leaving Winnipeg, as well as for acconnuodation imtil a small house can be biiilt A good sui)ply of bedding with a large sized water-proof, or India rubber blanket, which will be found of great value to lay next the ground and thereby always keep the bedding dry and comfortable ; each family should also be possessed of a small assoi tnieut of medicines, in c;ise of accidents or sickness. lu order to get a fair start, a family should have o?\ entering their land at least means for th-J purcliase of a veiu's iirovisions for a family of five, say §200 00 One Yoke of Oxen, say " 130 00 One Cow ' 30 00 One Waggon !)0 00 Breaking Plough and Harrow •. 30 00 <'hain.'<. Shovel, TooLt, Ac,, say 20 00 ( 'ook Stove, witli furniture 25 00 Seeds, ic 10 00 liuilding contingeneieH, say ._ 30 00 In all 8505 00 e0 to $0 ; green gages, $5.50 to $0 ; gooseberries, $5 to $5.50 ; green peas, $4.75 ; peaches— 2 poinids, $5.25 to $5.50 ; 3 pounds, $7.50 to $8 ; pineapple, $4.75 to $5 ; quinces, $5 to $5.50 ; rasp- berries, $5 to $5.r,0 ; strawberries, $5 to $5.50 ; succotash, $4.50 to $5 ; tomatoes, 2 pounds, $3.50 to $3.75 ; 3 pounds. $4 to $4.50 ; whortleberries, $4.50 to $5 ; lobster — 1 pound, .$2.25 to $2.50 per dozen; salmon — 1 pound, $2.25 to $2.50; oysters, $3. 50 to $4 per case of 2 dcizen ; Bartlett pears — 2 pounds, $4. 50 to $6. Limber. — The retail prices of lumber are as follows : — 1st Common Boards 12, 14, IG 18, , 1st Siding $40 00 and20ft $25 00 2nd " 35 00 Culls, " " " " 20 00 ! 3rd " 30 00 Scantling, Joists, and Timber, 20 ft. 00 and under 25 Do over 20 ft. for each addi- tional foot. 50 Fencins,', G inch 25 00 Stock lioards, all widths 28 00 dressed 1 side 30 CO " dressed 2 sides 31 00 1st Flooring, dressed 40 00 2nd " " .... 35 00 3rd " " 1st Coiling, 1 inch, dressed 1 side 2nd ■■ " " 3rd " " " 30 00 40 00 35 00 30 00 1st Ceiling, 1 inch, dressed 2 sides.. 45 00 2nd " '■ " .... 40 00 3rd '• " " .... 35 00 Split Si/e.s —Beets, three bur.ches for 10c. ; carrots, do. ; cauli- flowers, oc. to 10c. per head ; celery, lOe. per buncli ; cuc.nnbers, 25c. per dozen ; cabbages, 5c. to 10c. per head ; Indian corn, 10c. to 15c. per dozen ; lettuce, 2 bunches, 5c. ; mint, 15c. per bunch ; onicms, $1.50 per bnsliol ; parsley, 5c. per bunch ; pars- nips, 3 bunches for iOc. ; potatoes, 40c. to 50c. per bushel ; radishes, 2 bunches for 5c. ; rhubarb, lOc. per bunch ; sage, 5c. per buncii ; sweet marjoram, 5c. per bunch ; thyme, oc. per bunch ; tomatje.* (ripe), 10c. per lb. ; turnips, 15c. per peck. Dairii j);od?(Cfi— Cheese, 12ic. to 15c. per pound ; tub butter, 20c. to 25c. per jjound. Meat —Beef, from oc. to I5c. per poiuid ; sirloin steak 15c. per pound ; lamb, $1 to $1.50 per quart'^r ; mutton, 15c. to 18c. per pound ; veal, 15c. per pound ; bologna sausage, 15c. to 20c. per pound ; pork, $15 to $15.50 per barrel ; bacon, 9|c. to 10c. per pound ; hams, 14c. to loc. per pound ; roll bacon, 12c. to 13c. per pound. |i : i ^ 24 GUIDE TO MANITOBA V t \'i «■ i 00 hi) (D -0 GQ m AND THE NORTH. U^ EST. 2S GAZETEEE OF MANITOBA AND THE N.-W. TERRITORIES. Note.— In attempting anything auproaching a Gazeteer in a New Country like Manitoba, where there is a constant stream of emigration, where new settlements are made every day, .'ind new Towns and Villages spring into existence almost as if by magic, we feel that we are undertaking a very dilficult task, and one impossible of perfectly satisfactory fulfilment ; but we will endeavour to r-iake our information as correct as possible, and trust to future edi- tions to make any additions and amendments which may be necessary. Alexandra. — Township 2, Range vi. : a place of some commercial importance, west. A well settled township, south-west ; and promises to become the leading city of of Pembina Mountain, having a post office, \ the North- West, should the Canada Paoi- general store, &c. 1 fie Railway be finally located so as to pass Aroyle — Township 14, Range ii. wesf. \ through it. The greater part of the township is half- j Baie St. Pai^l, — On the Assiniboine, breed reserve, and the balance only partly ' about thirty miles from Winnipeg, is a very settled. The nearest post office is Wood- \ flourishing settlement with a poputation of lands. over 1,000. The parish was establisUud in Battleford, N.-W. T.— Is the Capital 1832, by Rev. George A. Belcomet, and a of the North-West Territory, and is well : Roman Catholic church built, which was suc- sitnated on the south bank of Battle River, ceeded four years ago by a very large and about two hundred feet above the waters, handsome structure. The town lias sev- almost at the confluence of that river with eral schools, hotels, post-office, stores, ttc. , tlie Saskatchewan, which is i.avigable to and the registry office for Manjuette East, this point, and on which the Hudson B;i.y Belmont. — Township 4, Range vi. west, Company has steamers running. Govern- a thriving settlement Avith about 100 pop- ment House is a fine edifice, and with the ulation, situated south-west of Boyne, offices of the Stipendiary Magistrate and which is the nearest post-office. Registrar forms an imposing range of; Berlix. — Township 14, Range iv. west,, buildings. Battleford is the headquarters , population about 100, nearest post-olHce of the Mounted Police, is connected with Ossowo. the outer world by telegraph, and boasts ' Bergfielo, a jMenonite village in section the only newspaper at jtresent published in 7, Township 5, Range 5, East, the North-West Territories, the Saskat- , Bergthal, a Menonite village in section cliewan Herald, a very spicy little sheet. ' 24, Township 7, Range 5, East. There are thn.'e Churches, Catholic, Pro- ] Boyne. — Township G, Range iv. a!id v. testant and Presbyterian, and a school ; west, a very flourishing settlement first set- and a population of about four hundred i tied in 1872, has a post-olfice, store and is besides the Police. Battlef(jrd is already i growing very rapidly. 14^ ■2G GUIDE TO MANITOBA Blcmekfeld, a Rlenonite village in ,:oc- tioii 21, Township (J, Range 5, East. Bli'MKNGARdt, a jMenonito village in sec- tion 35, Township 7, Range 5, East. IJr.uxu^N'Hai'', a IMenonite village in section o5. Township 7, Range 0, East. IjLI'menoiit, a Mcnonite village in sec- ti(»n 'So, Township 7, Range (i, East. Has a steam saw and grist mill. Customs House being built this fall. 15n;:\;sTEi.v, a Mcnonite village in section 17, Township fi, Range C, oast. tJiiAXT. — Town.ship 14, Range i. east, a new settlement rapidly tilling up ; nearest post dlHce, Rockwo(jd. RuHNsinK. — Township 12, Range viii. ■west, between Lake Manitoba and Assini- boine River. Has a post-otticc, mail semi- weekly, population abf)ut oOO. Cateijoma. — Township'.), I'angc vii. east. A line settlement, situated north-east of the parish of Ste. Anne des Chenes, which is the nearest post othce. CiiARTiTZ, a Menonite village in section 10, Township 7, Range 5 East. Oleah SrKiN(i.- -A settlement in Town- i ship 7, Range vii. east, comprises about one ■ i fourth of the township, the remainder being i part of the 3Iennonite Reserves. | CtANDEDOYE. — Townsliip 14, Range iv. ' east, has about jU population, and a post ' office. I Cook's Crekk.— Township 12, Range vi. I east, situated north-east (jf Sunnyside. Is ! well settled, and has a post otKce. I Derisv. — Township 11!, Range x. west, jjopulation about 100. Nearest post-olKce, i Westbourne. I Duck Lake, X.-W. T.—Tliis settlement | is about tw'jlve miles south-east of Carle- i ton House, 510 miles west of Winnipeg, ' and is fast becoming a considerable com- 1 u\ercial centre. Stobart, Eilen & Co. , have ! a large store liere, and there is a Cath- i •lie church and school, the latter in charge I of the («rey Nuns. i Du>'DAS. — Townsliip IG, Range ii. east,] population about 50 ; nearest post oflice, ' Greenwood, Dut'FERix. — Township 1, Range ii. east, comprising 1, R. H. east, and the settle- ments on the river, except West Lynne. Has a Presbyterian Church, several stores, hotel, post office, itc, and is quite a flour- isliing settlement. Dynevoe, formerly St. Peter's, one of the old settled parishes ; has a post otHce, Protestant Church, school, and several atoi-es . Ebenfeld, a Menonite village in seccion 5, Townahip 6, Range 0, east. Edmonton, N.-W. T. — .A. Hudson Bay post 880 miles west of Winnipeg, has a I)opuIation of about 200, including English half-breeds and Hudson Bay Company's ofllicials. Is a post of the North -West Mounted Police, and has an hotel, a grist mill . Letei,mkk. — Town.ship 2, Range i. east, a well-settled township, situated west of Hiviere aux Marais, near Rod River, is chietly occupied by French Canadians who have returned from the United States un- der the direction of the .Manitoba Coloniza- tion Society. Has a Roman Catholic Topulation about 500. The township is well laid out, and the pl.ace growing rapidly; i church and a post oflice. h.'is a Protestant Church and school ; grist] Livixcsniy. — 'J'ownship 14, llancce xii and saw mills, hotels, stores, post office, ! west, on the west of (;!la(.fetoiie, from which itc. , and promises to become one of the j it receives its mail ; population about 100. most important towns in the Province. Mellwooh. — Township 3, Range cxi. GuASSMEUE. — Township 13, Range i. east, I east, a partially settled to'A'nship north of is a well settled tcnvnship, with a popula- ' Riviere an Rosseau. tion of about 200. The nearest post office Meapon Lea. — Township 13, range ii. is l^ockwood. we it, a well settled township north of Gkeenwoop. — Township 15, Range ii. j Baie St. Paul and west of Grassuicre. The east, is a nourishing settlement north of nearest post office is Woodlands Rockwood; has a post ofKce, .store, itc, and I Melhoirne. — Townshii) 14, Range v. a jiopulation of about 400. i west ; population about 1:00 ; nearest post- GiuxFELn, a Mennonite village in Sec- I office, Poplar Point, tiou 32, Township 0, Range 5 east. | Menxonite Settlements, Pembina GKiNTHAL,aMennonite village in Section { Mountain. — The linst settlement of Men- 32, Township 5, Range 5 east. nonites in the Pembina Mountain Reserve, GitoswEinE, a Mennonite villnge in Sec- 1 took place in July, 1870, when about 300 tion ], Townsliip 7, Range iv. tasrt. ! families arrived. At the present time there GrADENFELU, a Mennonite village in Sec- ; are thirty-four villages, with populations of tion 11), Township 5, Range v. east. j from 70 to 200 each, making a total of about Headingly, one of the most flourishing i seven hundred families, or over four thou- settlemcnts on the Assinibf)ine, 13 miles sand souls. The only church in the reserve from Winnipetr, with a population of over: is in their land, and there is no post office, 1,000 ; has a Protestant and a Presbyterian ! the mail being taken from Emerson. There Church, and several good schools, with a , is a school in every village, and also a grc- good hotel, seveial stores and a post f)ffice. | cer, blacksmith, shoemaker, carpenter, and Hiou Buff, situated on the Assiniboine I saddler. There are several g list and saw River, about 50 miles from Winnii)eg ; is ' mi''s ; and the people, wlio are nearly all an old settlement, with a population of ! farmers, are well supplied with farm stock about 500 ; there is a post-office, several and implements. There are settlements mills, stores, itc.,a E'rotestant Church and : also at that river and Scratching liiver. a Presbyterian Church. Mills. — Town.ship 2, Hange viii. west, Hocn FIELD, a Menjionite village in Sec- , a new township, partly settled. Alexan- tion 30, Township 7, Range vi. east. \ dra is nearest [)ost otKce. HooHSTADT, a Mennonite village in Sec- 1 Milliuiook. — Township 10, range vi. tion 3, Township 0, Range v. east. ! east. Population about 100. Is north- HuDsoN.— Township 1, Range cxi. east, j east of Prairie Grove, which is the nearest situated east of Emerson, is a small settle- i post office ment on the boundary line. i Morkih. — A thriving town on the Red IVRON.STHAL, a Mennonite village in Sec- j River at the mouth of Scratching River, tion 40, Township 7, Range iv. east. 1 24 miles north of the boundary, and 36 from ;h v\ ti i . i; i *t ill 28 a VIDE TO MAMTOBA Winnipeg ; tho town plot was laiil out in 1877, and tliero is now a poi)ulation of nearly 500 ; there are four cliurches, Me- thodist, Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian and Church of En^;Iand, and a Hcho(jl. Morris boasts a good hotel, a jurist and saw mill, two brickyards, two lar<,'e grain ware- houses and several stores. J t. is tho centre of afineagricultiu'al country, which is being rapidly settled, and prduiises at no distant date to become a large town. A wise pro- vision against the town site falling into the hands of speculators has been made by re- ()uiring each purchaser to build a hoii.se or store within a given time, or forfeit his payment on the property. NiVi'UUiLLE. — The town of Nivervillo, situated on the Canada Pacific Pailway branch, 20 miles .south of the City of Win- nipeg, and 40 miles north of the town of Emerson, i.s to the e.ast suppi)rted by the flourishing Mennonite lleservo in which arc .'UJO families residing. These settlers all pursue farming, and iiad, in the year 1878, 9,41G acres of land under cultivation, which that year produced ] '.)(», 01)0 bushels of gra in. Adjoining this settlement to the east, are thriving setilements of Clear Springs and Pointe de Chene, with an aggregate area of 3, GOO acres of land under cultivation. To the west, Niverville borders on the line lands in the Half-Breed Reserve, and thoso in the Red River Pelt, which have all now coine into market. I^iverville is also the nearest railway point to Red River, be- tween Emerson and St. Boniface, also the nearest railway outlet to that flourishing Canadian settlement west of Red River. Niverville had its first building started in the mouth of April, 1870— and ^^•ithin three months after had one general store, one hotel, two dwelling iKuises and a large grain elevator, with a capacity of 30,000 bushels, erected. That Niverville Avill be one of the most ini])ortaiit stations on the C. P. R. R. is, under existing circumstan- ces, a settled fact, and od'ers an unrivalled opportunity to business mmi and capitalists. Niverville has a daily mail and a telegra^jh office. Notre Dame de Lorette. — This parish is situated on the Piver Soiiio, between the parishes of St. Boniface and Ste. Anne des Chenes, antl was lii'st settled in 18G0. It has a large Roman Catholic Church, two schools, and several stores. The post office is Lorette. Oakland.— Township 13, Ran^e vii. west, second township north of Portage la Prairie; population about 200 ; has a hotel, general store and post office. O.'^TERWicK, a Monnon'te village in Sec- tion 2r>, Township 7, Range iv. tast. O.ssowo. — Township 13, Range iv. west, north of i5aie St. Paul find J'op.Iar Point : was reserved for (iernian settlers by the (Jerman Society, Montreal, but they failing to send in settlers, tho township was re- opened for settlement, and has filled up rajiidly. There is a post office, stores, &c. Parh v.— Township 2, range 1 east. A partially settled township which originally formed part of the Manitoba Colonization Society's Reserve, but was abandoned. Pkikon Lake. — See St. Francois Xavier. Plvmton. — Township 10, range v. ea.st. Population about 200. Is south of Sunny- side and north-east of Prairie Grove, which is the nearest i)ost office. Po.sTWALi,. — a Mennonite village in Sec- tion 9, Township 7, Range iv. ea.st. Poi'LAR Hkhihts.^ — Township 13, Range 111 Avest, north of Jiaie St. Paul; a fine townshi]), but suH'ering from a large por- tion of tlie land being held by sp-jculators. Nearest post otiice, Baie St. Paul. Poplar Point. — On the Assiniboine, at the junction of the Portage and Lake Man- itoba roads, about 45 miles from Winnipeg; is a flourishing settlement with about 400 population. It has a post othce, hotel, stores, &c. Portage la Prairie. — The county town of Marquette west, is the most important place in Western Manitoba, and is fast be- coming a large and flourishing town. It is the seat of the County Court and Registry Ofhce for Marqnetto west, and is connected with Winnipeg, distant GO miles by stage. Population about 1,000. It has three churches, Protestant, Presbyterian and Wesleyau Methodist, several hotels, stores, mills, itc. ; mail daily. Point pe Chenk. — Avillagein tho parish of Ste Anne des Chenes, is (juite a thriving plac3, having a Roman Catliolic Church, two c(mimon schools ; a jiost office, stfU'e, hotel and two grist mills. Reinfelii, — a Mennonite village in Sec- tion 30, Township G, Range v. east. Has a large grist mill, and the only church in the Mennonite reserve at Pembina nnnin- tain. Ridoeway. — Township 15, r.ange i. east. Population about 100. Greenwood is tlio nearest post oifico. River Sale. — Township 8, Range 1 east and we.st, is the third township south «>f Headingly, and is only partly settled ; po])- ulation about 100; nearest post office, Head- ingly. Riviere Aux Gratias. — A thriving set- ' JHJ!,.. y .,MlL !' ." ' * " ''"•'•^ - AND THE XORTll WEST. 20 tleincnt on Rod River above tlic PariKh of St. Agathe, df wliicli Morris is tlio town. UlVIEUK \V\ MaKAIS, toWllHhip'i, I^HIljro 11 east. — la a small towiuship incliKUd in the Manitoba Colonization Society'.^ Ke- .sfivu, aiKl is all taken up by returned French C.madians from the United States. KosENiioF. — A Mennonite villa<,'e in the Scratching River settlement, four uiilea irom Morris KosKNFELn, — A Mennonite villngo in Section 'JO, Township 0, Ranjje v. east. IvOsKXGAiT,— a iNlennonite village in Sec- tion 13, Townbliip ♦). Kaigu v. east. KosKNTHAi-, — A J\Ienn(milu village in Section 12, Townsliip 7, iJange v. east. Ro.sENORT. — A Meunonito village in the Scratching River settlement, six miles from Morris. Has a Hour mill. Rocivwooi). — Township 115, range ii. east; situated twelve miles north of Winnipeg, is one of the most nourishing townshi[is in the Province, having a population of al)out TjOO, and being well sui>plied with churches, .schools, hole'-', stores, Sic. SiuoNAN, — A Mennonite village in Sec- tion 19, Township 0, Range v, east. Si onbeuo, — A Mennonite village in Section 1, Township (1, Range v, east. Sciiu.NFELi), — A Menniiuite village in Secti(jn 'I'o, Township (i, Range v, east. SciioNSEE, — .\ Mennonite village in Sec- tion 34, Township o. Range v, east. SciyoNTHAL, — A Mennonite village hi Secti -^ 21, Township 7, Range v, east. ScHoswiESE, — A Mennonite village in Section 9, Township 7, Range v, easr. SriroN'.vitisE, — A Mennonite Village in Section 27, Township 0, liang v, east. Selkiuk. — A tiourishing town 24 miles from Winnipeg, the present terminus t.f the Cani.da Pacihc Railway, promises to become the future rival of Winnipeg. It has some tine buildings, is well laid out, and boasts some excellent hotels and stores, as well aa a weekly newspaper, the Iiitcr- occioi. Two lines of steamers run daily to Winnipeg ; and the c(jnipletioii of the Peuibina branch to this point, and exten- sion of the main line of the Canada Pacific eastward to Rat Portage, make Selkirk an important point. Si'KiNoriELi). — Township 11, Range iv. east, was first settled in 1872, and was erec- ted a municipality in 1873 in conjunction with Sunnysule, the adjoining township ; i'opulation abaut 500, lias a post office, .'■ture, itc. Stonewall — A thriving settlement twtnty miles west of Selkirk, and six north- west of the Provincial Penitentiary was settled in the fall of 1877, and already l)o.<-sis8es an hotel, a school, a Methodist and a Rnpiist Church, a Hour and grist mill, bl;;cl;K!nith .'diop and carpentry, two genc'al stores aiul a Post otHce. The sur- roM.iding country is good for either agri- culture or giiiziiig, is well supplied with water, and the settlement is growing rapidly. STEiNiJAni, — A MeiHKPiiite village in Section 3."), Towhshij) »;, Range vi, east. Stelnueich,— A Mennonite village in Section lo, Towhship (», Range v, east. SfNNYsiDE — Township! I, Range v. east, a Hourishing township, with about 500 pop- ulation. \\ us erected, with Springfield, the niuniciiiaiity of the united township of Spiinglield and inmnyside, in 1873, this being the first municipal orgjinizalion in the Province, Springfield is the nearest post oHice. St. Auew's parish, sixteen miles north ; of W'innipeg, is one of the early Scotch set- tlements, and has a population of about 1,500. It is well supplied with stores, shops, mills, hotels, ling school, a lar^t; hospital and an orj)han asyluni, th" three last being under the Sisteri; of Charity, 'i'ho town ia well laid out with straight, wide streets, and contains some haiulsonio buildings, several mills, good hotels, stores, iVc. It is the present terminus of the St. Jamks' Parish on tho Assiniboini- three n)iles from Winiiipe;;, is one of the tin{!8t localities in tho Province, and sover.d Winnipeg merchants have lino resideiicis here ; population about 700. The jtarish was established in 1857 by the Ilev. W. II. Taylor, and has a lino Protestant Church, a 8cho(»l, jjost oftico, and several stores, a grist and saw mill, and a brewery. St. Jka.v PiAi'TisTK, — An extensive set- tlciuient on Red River, has a Roman Cath- olic church, and post otUco. St. John's jjarish is situated on tho north limits of tho City of Winnipeg, and was e.s- t.ablished in 1820 by tho Rev. J. West. Chaplain to the Hudaons bay Company, who caused a school-house to be erecteil hole, and commenced educating a few chil- Pembina Pranch of the Canada Pacific dren, the building being also used as a Railway, and is connected with Winnipeg by ferry. The connection will, however, .shortly be by a bridge over the Red River, across which tho railway will run to cim- nect with the cotitinuation of the Pacific Railway west of Winnipeg. St. Poniface boasts the first organ that was ever used in the Is'orth-We.st, a fine instrument, having been presented to the Cathedral in ]87o. Li Alii is. the organ of the French popula- tion in JManitoba, is printed here. St. Ci.KMENTs' pari.sh. twenty-two miles from Winnipeg, is one of tho early Scotch .settlements, and has a population of about 1,000; it is well supplicjcl with churches, sclu)ol, stores, mills, jjost otiice. St. Charlks. — A parish on the As.sini- boine, nine miles from Winnipeg ; was founded in 1854 by Rev. Fatlu^r Lelle'che, now Bishop of Three Rivers ; has a popu- lation of about GOO , a Roman Catholic Church, schools, stores, and a post oftico. St. Fkaxcois Xavikk. — A parish on the Assiniboine, about 25 miles from Winnipeg, containing a population of aljout 2,000, The parish was established in 1824 by Rev. Father Bouche- and has a tine Catholic Church, several good schools, and the con- vent of St Francois Xavier. There are a number of hotel? and stores, and two post oiKces, one in the western portion of the parish known as Pigeon Lake, the other in the east known as St. Francois Xavier. This place is commonly called " White Horse Plain," and ia the seat of the County . Court for Marquette East. St. Gkorge (Oak Point).— A parish in the Township of Belcourt, Electoral Divi- sion No. 1, about sixty miles from Winni- peg. Population about one hundred. Has a general store and Post Office, named Oak 1 oint. church. The school commenced by I\Ir. West nearly sixty years ago has gradually grown into tho present St. John's ColUge. with the St. John's College School, and St. John's College ladies' school in connection with it. Tho college school has acconuiio- dation for sixty, and tho ladies' sciiool i'nv thirty pupiLs. St. John's Cathedral is a line building, and is the see of the Bishop of Rupert's Land. St. Laikext — A small parish in Elec- t(;ral Division No. 1, situate in Simonet Township on Lake JManitoba, about oil miles from Winnipeg, was established by Rev. Father CJascon t>.M.I. in 1858. Popn- ation about fo\ir hundred. It has a large Ronum Catholic Church, a good general post otiice and a school. St. Nokbekt — Parish established inl8r)t> by Rev. Father Lestang, C) M L ; has two Roman Catholic Churches, a girls' school, under direction of the Sisters of Charity, and several common schools. St. Nokbekt Village, at the mouth of River Salle, on the west side of Red River, is the seat of the County Court and Regis- try office for the County of Provencher, and tpnte a thriving place, having a steam, grist and saw mill, shops, post office, &c. St. Paul's parisli, on the Red River, north of Kildonan, was settled about the same time as the latter by the Earl of Sol- dirk Colonists; it has now a population of aRout GOO, several good stores, a post office at Middlechurcli, and a Protestant Church. Distance from Winnipeg, eight milts. St. Pierre.— Township's 5 and (i. Rang* iv. east, a large settlement on Rat Rivor. St. Vipal. — Parish on the Red River, south of St. Boniface, was established in 18G0. Has a Roman Catholic Church and a school, under tho direction of the Sisters TfT AS'D THE NOllTH-WKST. 31 of Charity. Has a post tiflico, and popula- tiuu t)f about ;iU(). Tannban, — A Mennonito villai^'o in Sec- tion 4, Township 7, Kango v, oaHt. ToTonAN.— Townsliip 14, Range ix. west, on wo8t of Lake Manitol)a ; population about .100. The township is laid out and a number of buiklings being elected ; has a post ottico and general store Two Little roiNTs. — A KettUnient on ICed Kiver, north of St. Jean Uaptiste. VnroKiA. — Township 14, llango ii. east, i is a largo and prosperous settlement, hav- ' ing a post ottice, hotel and store. VuTOHiA, N.-W. T. is a JMethodist Mis- sion on the Saskatchewan, about 800 miles west of Winnipeg. It has a poi)ulation of , about one hundred, and boasts a tino as a diurch and a good school. 'I'he land is \ ery fertile and there is plenty of good wood and water. West Lynne, on the west side of lied River, adjacent to the boundary lino, was formerly known as Pembina, and was the outport of Customs for the Trovince ; but since the completion of the Pembina Rranch of the C. P. 11. to Emerson, on the oppo- site bank of lied River, West Lynne lia.s declined in importance. The location, how- ever, is a tine one, and no doubt a huge ;md thriving town will soon spring \\\\. There is a Hudson Bay Post here and lots arc oilcred at reasonable prices on ct)ndition uf building upon them within six or eight uiontli><. A number of Wrtrehouaes are already projected for the Spring, and the Huda/n ISayCo. willaddto tlioir buiklings. The river will be bridged here shortly. Wkstuovkne. — In township 1^, range ix. west, is a thriving settlement on tlio \N hite i\lud River, with a population of about oOO; it has a post ottice, hotel, Ijlacksmith shop and general store, and is the station of the Douunion Land Agent for the Westbourne district ; there is a Protestant Church and a school. ,'rist White House Plains. — See St. Fran- cois Xavier. Whitewulo. — Township 17, Rang3 iv. east, a new settlement bjing rapidly hlled up. WoonsiDE. — Township 14, Range x. Avest situated at the second crossing of the White -Mud River ; population about 100 ; post oltlce, with semi- weekly mail. Woodlands. — Township 14, Range ii. west, a tine township, well settled; popula- tion about 400. Has a post office and gen- eral store. Winnipeg, the capital of Manitoba, and the commercial and political centre of the North West, is a city wh-'St! raj id growth is one of the most substantial jiioofs of the increasing di'velopment of Manitoba and the Nortli-West generally. When the ter- ritory was transferred froiu the Hudson's I5ay Company to the Dominion (iovern- ment, in 1870, the population of Winnipeg was scarcely 701), it had but o!io street, there were no buildings of any size, excej)t those of the Hudson's Hay Company, and its trade was ne.\.t to nothing ; to-day it is a well laid out handsiuue city, with good wide streets lined with brick and stmio buildings which wo\dd do no discredit to any city in Canada or the I'nited State.1, and has a pojiulation of ]j,(K»0, while its trade has so increased that it carries oil the. palm of being the briskest city in the Do- miiiinn, tloing mcjre buxineHs in proportion to its size than any K TO MAMTOUA weekly. Tlio ili'toniiiMiitinii ,,f tho Dnmiu to Ijock \.t\\n-, cannot fail to ;,riv(> nti im- ion (lovcrnincnl to ooiiliinio tlio imiiii Imo iiicnao ini[K;tii.i I i tho ;^row(li of tlio city ; of tlii> CiiiuKlii l'ii(.'ilii! Itiiilwiiy ul(.n« tho iiml wo may fairly uxpect tlmt in tho fomtli l.iuH.! lino woHtwimi fioui W intiipoir, ' cours.! of a fi«w yi-ars tho WinnipoK of thi> thy l.ritli4iii« "f tho lu-,1 Itivcr at NViiiiiipo'^' ; futiiio will ■,\n far HiirjiaHM that of tho pri's- togfthur witli tho l.uililiiii,' of tho Soutli- ent, as tin- Wiiiniiif',' of tlio i)ro8t'Ht docs cin Colonization lliiilway from \Viiini|K'^' that of tho paht. «>■»» TO THE SPORTSMAN. It in sufticient to say that tho Vnxnt Cunadinn North-wo.st is his paradim'. Foi- N'urii'ty of ^_'anic, larj,'c and small, tin- innnoiisc inairiass, Porch, Suckers, (Rod and \\ liilej, Suji-lish, (.iold Eye, Carp, and in some parts, 'I'rout and iMaskinongo. General MeteorologicrJ ?.'eans and Phenomena, Fur Throo Years, at Winnipeg', Monitoba— By .fAMK-s Stewaht, Si^'nal Obsorvor. I'HENOMEXA. !Mi'aii yearly tcmiieraturf 3'J H8 Hiirlu'st tcni|ior!iture '.tl.") Tiiiwest tt.'iiipei\'itv.i<,' -58.7 Moan liiironiftric |(res.sm-t' 2!).145l Mi/aii elasticity of a()iu'(>us vapour .222 Mfuu humidity of thi' air 82 Total aiiiouut of rain in inches 14.'.K) Total amoiuit of snow " .'ilj.ir Total .'unont of rain inid meltedsnow ' 18.32 lu'cl Uiver clean.'il of ici' April .'tOth lied Kivur frozun over i\ov. lltli 1871. l^7^). 29.03 U4.3 41. (i 20.1474 .21!) 84 12.29 47.11 i(;.85 Ajjril 2!tth Nov. 4th 1876, 31.34 !•;*>.() 43.0 29.3391 .230 Hi 22. 9r. 74.21 29.18 April 2l«i Nov. 13th AND THE NORTH-WEST. 8S n ^ 34 GUIDE TO MANITOBA Table of Distances. By Waooon Road. Winnipeg to Western Bonmiary of the Province of Manitoba, and to Forts ElUce, Carlton, and Udmmdon. MILES. Winnipeg St. James 3 St. Charles 9 Headingly 13 St. Francois Xavier .... ] 9 Pigeon Lake 25 BaieSt.Paiil 32 Long Lake 38 Poplar Point 46 HighBluflf 53 Portage La Prairie 60 Westborne (Whiteraud River) . 80 Palestine (Totogon six miles north of Westborne) 98 Beautiful Plains 115- Little Saskatchewan 143, Shoal Lake 179 Birdtail Creek 199 Fort Ellice, Assiniboine River 213 Cut Arm Creek 190 Little Touchwood 328 Touchwood 371 Round Hill 456 South Saskatchewan 502 Fort Carlton, North Saskatchewan 520 *Fort Pitt 687 Victoria 800 Fort Saskatchewan 868 Fort Edmonton , 880 Pembina Bvanch Railway. Emerson (international boundary) to Selkirk. * MILES. Emerson — Penga (Rosseau River) 10 Arnaud 18 Dufort 26 Otterburn (Rat River) 35 Niverville 43 St. Norbert 54 St. Boniface, opp. Winnipeg 61 Bird'sHill 68 Selkirk , , 81 Canadian Pacific Railway, Red River Eastward. Rat Portage (Lake of the Woods). MILES. Selkirk (on Red River) Tyndall.' ; 8 Beausejcur (Brokenhead River) 16 Whitemouth (VVhitemouth River) 41 Rennie 61 Selkirk to By-Road North Saskatchewan River. AND THE NORTH-WEST. 35 MILES. Telford 75 Cross Lake 77 Ingolf 83 Kalmar 91 Lake Deception 98 Ostersund 103 Rat Portage Keewatiu 113 Dawson's Road.— Winnipeg to North-West Angle. MITES. Portage de Chenes 30 Brokenhead River Whitemouth River 64 Birch River 80 North- West angle, Lake of the VVooda 110 By Road— North- West. MILES. Winnipeg to Penitentiary 12 " Victoria 24 m \\ ! ' I'i By Red River and Lake Winnipeg. MILES. Winnipeg to Gimli, Ijelandic Settlement 56 By Road— South- West. * MILES. ♦Winnipeg to Headingly 13 " Pembina Mountain 65 « Rock Lake 115 By Road up West Bank Red River. • MILES. Winnipeg to St. Norbert 10 " Morris , 25 *' Scratching River 42 " Dntferin 67 " West Lynne (opposite Emerson) 69 By Road North- West. MILKS. Winnipeg to Shoal Lake 40 St. Lambert, Lake Manitoba 65 Oak Point " " 63 By Road down West Bank Red River. MILES. 2 Kildonan 5 St. Paul's 8 St. Andrew's 16 Lower Fort Garry 20 St. Clement's 22 Selkirk 24 Winnipeg to St, John's (( (C tt tt u u Approximate Route of the proposed Winnipeg nnd South Westtirn Railway. 1!^ 1 3 4 36 GUIDE TO MANITOBA New Settlements* in the Province are known as follow :— DISTRICT o. 1.— WINNIPEG. Township 14 Range 1 (C (( (( (( (( (( (( {( (( t( (( it tt (( « (( ti t( (( t( 8. .13. .12. .13. .12. .14. .15. .15. .10. . 9. .10. .11. .11. .10. .12. .17. .14. .13. .13. .13. .14. .16 .17. .12. .14. 15. .14. . 9. . 7. .10. ,11. ,13. .12 Range. .13 " . 4 " .14 " .16 " .1 ..1 ..I ..2 ..2 ..2 ..2 .1 ..2 ..4 ..5 ..4 ..5 ..7 ..6 ..4 ..2 ..2 ..3 ..4 ..4 ..3 ..3 ..5 ..4 ..2 ..1 ..7 ,.7 . 6 .6 .5 .8 .8 .3 W Argyle. E& W River Sale. E Grassmere. E Carleton. E Rockwood. ^y Union. E Victoria. E Greenwood. E Ridgeway. E Dundas. E Prairie Grove. E Plympton. E Springfield. E Sunnyside. E Richland. E Cook's Creek. E Whitewold. W Woodlands. W Meadow Lea. W Poplar Heights. W Ossowo. W Berlin. & 4 W Simonet. &4 W Belcourt. W Melbourne. E Clandeboye. W Fivehead. E Brant. E Caledonia. E DeLorimer. E Milibrook. E Rossmere. & 6 E Stadacona. E Garnet. E Wolseley. E Marcellias. 3 W Bonnedoon. 26 W Lome. DISTRICT No. 2.— EMERSON. I Township 1 Range 2 E..Dulferin. <( 1 ] 2 2 2 ii 3 E.. Hudson. 4 E.. Belcher. 2 E . . Murrais. 3 E.. Franklin. 4 E.. Parry. Township 2 Range 1 E " 3 " ~ u 3 « 7 7 DISTRICT No. 3.— DUFFERIN. Whitehaven. 2 E.. Almonte. 3 E.. Charleston. 3 E . . Melwood. 6 E . . Clear Springs. 7 E . . Ridge wood. Township 2 Range 6 W. .Alexandria. 5 " 4 W.. Rosewood. " 5 " 6,W.. Sharon. 5 " 6 W.. Ferris. Township << Range 6 W..ThomhilI. " 6 W.. Belmont. " 9 W..Blandrord. " 6 W... Mills. " 4&6W.Boyne. -m AND THE NORTILWEST. DISTRICT No. 4.-\VESTB0URNE. Township 1 2 Range 8 W Burnaide. " 13& 14 *' 9 W Westbourne. 13 " 11 W Golden Stream. " 18 " 7 W Oakland. " 13 " low Derby. Township 14 Range 14 " " 14 " 37 9 W Totogan. 10 W Woodside. 11 W Palestine. 12 VV Livingstone. U DISTRICT No. 5.— LITTLE SASKATCHEWAN. Township IG . 15. .Range 15 W Eden. . " 14 W Beautiful Plain. N 4 CONDENSED EXTRACTS FROM SURVEYORS' REPORTS OF TOWNSHIP SURVEYS. IV.i Below we give a synopsis of the Surveyors' reports on every surveyed township in each range east and west of the Principal, or Winipeg Meridian. These repor+s are official, and can bo relied on as giving correct information as to the quality of the land, supply of water and timber, and other interesting particulars. A careful study of them will enable the intending settler to ascertain where the best sections for his pur- pose are located. These reports are brought down to the close of the survey season of 1879 :- EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 1. — Consists of 18 town townships. The soil for the most part is very rich and well adapted to farming. A largo portion of it is flat and rolling prairie and seve- ral of the townships produce exceedingly heavy crops of hay and grass. There is com- paratively little timber in townships 1 to 13 and there, is no running water in to>vn- ships 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13. The Riviere aux Marias runs through a portion of township 1 ; the Riviere aux Gratias through township 6 and ; the river Sale through township 8 and Sturgeon Creek runs through township 11. In most of the townships good water c.vn be f«)und at a moderate depth ; and the water supply is specially good in townships 3, 4 and 12. In township 12 there is a prominent ridge running from north-west to south-east which contains lime, marl and gravel ; and to\vnship 13 is abundantly supplied with wild fruit, such as plums, cherries, strawberries and raspber- ries. Townships 14 to 18 are mostly covered with poplar, the soil generally being not so good aa in the other townships, and the water supply moderate. mi 1:1 38 GUIDE TO MANITOBA Range 2. — Consists of 18 townships, most of which are well suited for agricultural purposes ; the soil is generally rich, and a large portion prairie, hut water is scarce in some townships, and there is very little timber except in townships 17 and 18, which are well covered with poplar and some spruce. Township 1 mostly rolling prairie, sheltered by Rivikrc mix Mardis timber belt, which consists of oak and basswood, but there is not more than enough for the sections in which it grows. There is a small lake in sections 11 and 14, and good water at moderate depth. Township 2 is all open prairie ; very little timber ; no water except wells. Township 3 partly prairie ; soil fine clay loam. R'mere an Rosseau runs through south part of township. Townships 4 and 5 good soil, fairly watered, and enough wood for immediate purposes. Town- ships () and 7 partly high prairie, partly low marsh or hay land. Township 8, good soil, but no wood or water. Township 1), wet prairie, about half covered with poplar and willow. Township 10, mostly bush, good for fencing and fire, but not for build- ing. To^vnship 11, no timber, but excellent water supply. Sturgeon Creek running through part of it. A rocky ridge traverses township, and there is good stone quarried in section 34. Township 12 nearly all open prairie. Town-ship 13, two-thirds best possible prairie land ; remainder mostly barren and stony, with a few poplars, willows and alders. Township 14, mostly level prairie, with large marsh in easterly portion, through which Jack Fish Creek runs. A good deal of poplar in south-west, part of which is fit for building purposes. TowTiship 15. Well wooded with large poplar fit for building, and excellently watered. Soil rich loam mixed with clay. Townships 16, 17 and 18, well wooded and good supply of water. Soil good, iiiostly deep rich loam with clay bottom. Rancie 3. — Twenty townships. The soil is for the most part good, water supply fair and moderate quantity of timber. The capabilities of the different tov/nships may be summarized as follows : 1. Dry level prairie drained by Joe river ; soil sandy loam ; scarcely any timber. 2. Low prairie drained by river Rosseau, on the banks of which there is a fair growth of oak, poplar and elm. Greater part of Township best adapted to stock raising. 3. Level prairie, drained by Rosseau ; fair quality of oak and poplar along river ; soil black loam, excellent for agricultural purposes. 4. First class agri- cultural land ; good water to be had anywhere by digging. 5. Low marbhy ground without timber, and generally unfit for agricultural purposes. 6. Rolling prairie ex- cellent for agriculture; Rat River flows from South-east to North-west ; sections 17, 18, 19, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, and 36 covered with oak, ash, elm, and poplar, 7. Good for agriculture ; wooded in South and along Rat river. 8. Good farming country, but no timber. 9. Fair farming land. 10, Good land mostly level but needs draining ; good supply timber. 11 and 12. Fine rolling prairie, with fair supply of tim- ber. 13, North-east part mostly bogs around which is some good hay land ; Western part heavily timbereil oak and poplar ; South well covered with young timber, 14. Nearly all prairie, soil ricli loam mixed with clay, 16. A great deal of marsh land, and excellent hay land ; very little timber. 1(3. Large quantity good building timber in north-east part, rest of township hay land, low prairie and deep marsh. 17. Mostly good land, well wooded and well adapted for settlement. 18. North-west marshy, balance excellent land, well wooded and slightly undulating, 19 and 20, Not fit for settlement , soil poor and stony except where it is muskeg, or tramarac and spruce swamps, Range 4. — Twenty-four townships almost all good farming land fairly wooded and watered, 1. Western portion level prairie with good soil ; eastern section poor soil, 2, Soil in eastern half light, in west good clay and clay loam ; water supply poor, ex- cept in north-east quarter of township ; no timber in west, very little in east, 3, Deep b);Jar and oak. 17. Adjoins west shore Shoal Lake ; \V^ell suited lyji settlement. Kanoe 3. — Seventeen townships, a number of which are fine prairie covintry and nearly the whole of them tit for settlement. I, 2, ;], 4 are almost entirely open prairie, well suited for settlement, the soil is excellent and fair water can generally bo had at u moderate depth. 5. About one (juarter swamp, balance best suited for hay. 0. (iood level prairie ; no running water, and supply generally moderate ; a little oak timber in suctions Ki, 18, and 21 ; hay swamp across south of township. 7. About two-thirds is part of Great Hay Marsh ; remainder excellent high prairie, good soil. 8. About twenty-nine sections of excellent high, undulating prairie, balance good dry land ; no wood ur water. 9. Level open prairie ; soil generally black loam. 10. Partly high level prairie, partly low rich bottom prairie ; small sujiply of poplar and oak. 11. Better suited for grazing than agriculture. 12. Dry prairie, good soil. 13. About three-fourths good arable land ; plenty of good fencing and building timber. 14. In- ferior soil throughout, especially in south and east ; plenty of good fence poles and a little building timber. 15. Chiefly rich loam, broken by a few swamps ; about on tenth prairie, balance partly covered with good green timber, the bestfor building being in northern part of township. 16. Situated on west shore of Shoal Lake, and is all good farming land. 17, Good soil ; fair supply timber for fences and fuel and a little for building ; good water easily obtained. Ranue 4. — Seventeen townships. 1. Better adapted for stock raising ; sore good timber in south-west. 2. Level prairie ; black loam ; two small islands, oak ar d black ash near centre. 3. Almost entirely open prairie, good for hay and grazing heavy belt good elm, oak and poplar in north-west, traversed by two good streams. 4. Open prairie, and one of finest townships in Province for agriculture ; number of water courses and good water obtained three or four feet from surface. 5. Good farming land, except a portion of north-east which is swamp ; a lasting stream of good water runs through the centre of township, on banks of which there is some tine oak, ash, maple, and elm. G. Very heavy black mould overlaying white clay ; every lot in township fit for settlement ; a belt of good oak with elm and bass extends along either bank of the Boyne river ; all 8ection.s contain wood and good water. 7. About twenty- six miles good prairie, balance part of Great Hay Marsh. 8. Sandy loam ; nearly whole of township fit for cultivation, plenty of wood for fuel and fencing. 9. Part poplar bush, part prairie, which is mostly of a low marshy character. 10. Large por- tion consists of low bottom prairie with wet marshes ; the high prairie is generally of fair quality. 11. Ranks as second-rate; some good timber in northern half. 12. Covered with thick poplar and underbush, some heavy elm and oak on banks of Riviere Sale and Mill Creek ; land inferior. 13. Excellent soil, very attractive township for settlement ; plently of timber for building, fencing and fuel, and Long Lake affords abundant supply of excellent water. 14. Better adapted to stock raising than farming. 15. Easterly part generally level prairie with some excellent timber of poplar and oak ; large marsh in westerly portion. IG. East of Lake Manitoba, con- tains French Half-Breed's settlement known as Indian Mission. 17. Soil rich loam but stony ; southerly and easterly boundaries well- wooded ; remainder prairie broken by swamps and hay grounds. Range 5. — Twenty townships, some of which are all that could be desired for settle- ment. 1. Pembina Mountain encroaches on Sections 2 and 33 ; there are many excel- lent locations for settlement well supplied with water and fuel. 2. Chiefly prairie, rich black loam ; fine belt oak runs through southerly sections. 3. Prairie land with a belt of timber through it. 4. Prairie ; no timber, but it is easily obtainable from Pembina Mountain. 5. Surface level ; soil very rich black loam ; Tobacco Creek fur- nishes good water. 6. Surface level ; soil black loam ; well timbered with oak, elm and basswood ; well watered by River Boyne. 7. Soil too sandy for good agricultural land. 8. Soil light and sandy ; good supply building timber ; water bad, except that - of Elm Creek. 9. About half fit for farming ; westerly and south-westerly sections of AND THE NORTII-JVESr. 43 no vAlue. 10. With exception of haymarslies, land good for af;ricnltiiro,espcciallj north- ern BBctions, wliei'o soil in very superior ; fair supply wood and water. 1 1. Well adapted for settlement ; oxc. lient soil ; good supply timber and water. 12. Excellent aoil, well suited for agricultural purposes. V,\. Soutliern portion good farming country ; north stony and gravelly ; north-west fair farming. 14. Only tit for grazing and stock raising. 15. Mostly wet and marshy, what dry lands there are are good prairio, bor- dered by hay lands. 18. Greater part lagoons and lakes ; the dry land is good and well adapted for settlement ; eastern sections well wooded oak and poplar. 10. There is an extensive marsh on the shore of Lake Manitoba ; eastern part of township splen- did soil, well wooded with oak and poplar, with expansive prairies ; several small lakes iitlord good water supply. 20. Northern part mostly wooded ; southern part comprises hay swamps and several bogs and ponds, all connected with Swan Creek. Range 0. — Twenty townships. 1. Is altogether comprised of the mountain range of Pembina Mountains. 2. Half prairie, black sandy loam ; other half covered with good oak. 3. Prairie and woodland ; greater portiim of township rather stony. 4. Prairie and woodland ; eastern part well adapted for settlement. 5. Surface level, soil dark loam ; south-west low and wet, but well wooded by basswood, oak and elm ; township well watered by Tobacco Creek. 6. Surface level ; soil, eastern part, dark loam, western sandy ; township watered by Riviere aux lies des Bois, along which there is a good belt of oak, elm and basswood. 7. Soil very fertile ; plenty of tim- ber for settlement purposes ; good water and abundance of hay. 8. Soil light but fer- tile ; well suited for settlement ; well watered ; abundance of timber and hay. 9. Soil boggy, except the sand hills ; no good for either farming or lumbering. 10. Con- sists of ridges of light sandy soil, alternating with low lands which are flooded in spring, but are well timbered with oak, black ash and basswood, and are well watered. 11. VVell adapted for settlement; good soil, well watered by large creek , plenty of large poplar, elm and oak. 12. Almost entirely open prairie, excellent soil, and well suited for settlement. 13. Excellent soil for farming ; numerous wooded groves in northern part, and plenty of good water everywhere at a deptli of six to eight feet in lorf^ grounds, and twelve to twenty feet in high grounds. 19. Only contains three thoiisand acres, and is all occupied. 20. Wooded with poplars, oak, elm and ash lit for building ; surface level and soil a good black loam. Range 7. — Fourteen townships, the majority of which are not well suited for settle- n ent. 1. Northern part so broken by Pembina River and Valley, with numerous snail ravines as to be almost unfit for settlement ; southern portion better, but soil lifj'ht ; water good. 2. About three-fourths good undulating prairie ; soil, black loam ; n mainder mostly covered with good sized poplar. 3. Partly prairie, partly timber lands ; north-westerly, part contains good land, well timbered with poplar and oak, but prairie portion in south-east is inferior. 4. Intersected diagonally by Pembina Mountains, and about one-third untit for settlement ; remainder well suited for farm- ing, good supply of wood and water. 5. Soil and timber inferior and surface broken ; several branches of Tobacco Creek furnish good water. 6. About half fit for agricul- ture, but soil rather sandy; watered by Rivibre Aux lies des Bois, and parlly traversed by Pembina Mountains. 7. Soil inferior, but best in souther' v sections, especially along the north branch of the Riviere Aux lies des Bois. 8. Sunace level ; soil mostly sandy clay of poor ([uality ; north-west portion is best soil, fairly timbered with poplar and some oak. 9 and 10. Low and marshy, and (juite unfit for settlement. 11. Small township wilu only one section good land, rest all marshy with reeds and rushes, 12. Excellent rolling prairie ; soil tine, rich, black hmm with slight mixture of sand ; no timber. 13. Splendid soil ; well suited for farming, but no timber. 14. Fine prairio land on border of Lake Manitoba ; well watered by several streams ; very little timber. Range 8. — Seventeen townships. 1. Intersected by Pembina River and Valley, only portions suited for settlement sections, 1 to 10 in south, and 31 to 36 in north. 2. Rough prairie ; soil second rate ; no water except in south-east corner. 3. Part prairie, part timber land ; surface undulating ; soil what is usually known as " drift," plenty of good water. 4. Good soil, well suited for settlement ; good water by digging, but INj i» " 44 GUIDE TO MANITOBA surface water bnd ; northern portion heavily timbered. 5. Land rolling and hilly, for most part thickly timbered ; soil f;ood in south, but inferior elsewhere ; well supplied with good fresh water. (». Soil inferior and fo bioken as to be generally untlt for cultivation. 7. Soil in north sandy, in south poor sandy loam, good sujjply (jf poplar with some oak, birch and basswood on mountains. 8. Soil black loam, but needs draining ; eastern part timbered with poplar, lit for fences and fuel. 9. Soil sandy, in places, pure red snnd useless for cultivation ; township traversed by the Assiniboine, the margin of which has a good growth of tine oak, popliir, white birch and cotton wood. 10. Similar to township nine. 11. North-east and south-west generally well adapted for farming ; soil dark loam, well timbered with poplar and some oak ; south- east and south-west portions timV)ered with s'-iail poplar and willows, soil light and sandy. 12. Well adapted for farming ; soil rich loam, except in south-west part ; watered by Rat Creek. 13. Prairie, watered by Hat Creek, the land to the south of which is dry rolling prairie of excellent (pi ility ; that to the west is mostly low and marshy. 14. On Lake Manitoba is mostly beautiful prairie land with very little timber. 10 and 17. Small fractional townships on west shore of Lake Manitoba, chiefly covered with popliir ; the soil is good. Range 9. — Twenty townships. 1. Presents considerable attractions to the settlers : soil of fair quality, mostly open prairie in south and west with good hay land ; Pem- bina River and Valley passes throujjh in south-easterly directioi), and is well timliered with poplar and some oak. 2. West side level prairie, soil black loam ; Pembina River and Valley runs through east side, but in many places the alluvial deposit has been washed away, leaving only clay and shale, .'i. About half suited for settlement ; part timbered, part prairie ; well watered ; Pumbiiia River Howa through south-west part. 4. Part timber, part undulating prairie ; several muskegs in north ; well wat- ered by creeks tlowing to Pembina River ; soil rich, dark alluvial deposit. 5. Surface rolling, soil excellent, black loam averaging two feet depth ; one quarter township covered with poplar, balm of (jilead and oak, good fresh water in every part of town- ship. 0. Surface rolling and hilly ; soil second quality ; several small lakes and creeks; fair supxdy of poplar and willow. 7. Surface rugged, but soil excellent; heavily wooded with poplar, ash, birch, and elm, and well watered by brooks. 8. Well adapted for agriculture, excellent soil, good water, good supply poplar and oak. 9. Rolling land of inferior quality, covered with small poplar and grey willow. 10. Level ; rich sandy loam, covered with brush. 11. ChieHy black clay loam, well adapted for agriculture ; fairly wooded and watered. 12. Mostly open prairie ; soil generally black clay loam, suitable for cultivation. 13. White Mud River runs through northern (juarter, and is bordered with oak and poplar ; the soil north of river is of light loamy character, on. south it is wet and useless without drainage. 14. Well suited for agriculture. 15. On the west of Lake Manitoba is mostly marsh, with good hay lands. 10. Soil shallow, but of fair quality ; in the west there are numerous bad muskegs. 17, 18, 19, and 20, similar to last township. Range 10. Twenty townships. 1. Rolling prairie ; fair soil and water, but no tim- ber whateveri 2. Undulating prairie ; good soil, but no water except iu swamps. 3. Open prairie with some muskegs ; Pembina River Hows through north-east part, and there is some timber on its banks, otherwise there is no timber in the township. 4. Surface broken by numerous ravines, and mostly covered with poor timber and brush. 6. With exception of 0, 7, and 18, all excellent farming land ; fair supply timber and water to be had anywhere at a depth of eight to twenty feet. 0. North-west portion too hilly for cultivation ; remainder well adapted for farming ; land rolling, soil excel- lent, water supply good, and fair quality timber. 7. Hilly ; Rivifere aux lies des Bois, flows through northern half, and its valley is well adapted for grazing. 8. Surface rolling, with deep ravines along watercourses ; soil excellent ; plenty of good water, but timber scarce. 9. Rolling land, poor soil, with numerous muskegs ; not fit for either agriculture or grazing. 10. Sandy loam of poor quality ; north-east covered with small poplar; south-west prairie, with a growth of brushwood. 11a 1 12 tolerably well adapted for settlement ; soil is only second (luality, but this is 'ounterbalanced by good supplies of wood and water. 13. North half is a floating bog ; south half wet in spring but dry in summer. 14. Well suited for settlement ; soil rich and deep black L** X^ AND THE NOnni.lVEST. 46 mould ; plenty of timber for fences and fuel, and for milling ; it can easily be got from White Mud River. 15, 1<5, and 17, western part of these townships broken by the Big rirass Marsh, the soil generally is jmor and unfit for cultivation, hut some of it would do for pasturage. 18. A dense marsh, broken by muskegs. 19. Poor land, wet and low, not fit for cultivation. 2(». Lies west of Lake Manitoba, soil fair and for two or three miles inland from the Lake the timber is excellent. Ranoe 11. — Twenty townships. 1 similar to township 1, tenth range. 2. Rolling l^rairie ; excellent land, but no water. 3. Well suited fur settlement; nearly all rolling ]irairie with good soil ; good water can be had by digging, and plenty of timber can be obtained from adjacent townships. 4. Nearly ail woodland, one belt of poplar and oak is about four miles long by one to three wide. 5. Nortli and east poplar woods of good quality ; rest brush prairie tit for cultivation ; watered by Pembina River and Swan Lakt>. (5. Nearly all hills, morasses and alkaline lakes , unfit for set- tlement. 7. Broken by many hills and ravino.s ; soil generally good, especially in the valleys, but water supply poor. 8. Soil good, except western part where there are sand hills ; the Assiniboine and Cypress rivers How through the township, and there is a fair supply of timber along the former. !) and 10. Sand hills and muskegs ; unfit for fai'ming. 11. (jenerally low and marshy and unlit for cultivation. 12. Only a small portion east of White Mud Creek fit for farming. 13. Northern portion sandy loam ; south useless unless drained ; goud supply of timber ; good water at depth of six to twelve feet ; some good locations for settlement along Pine Creek. 14. Well adapted for settlement ; excellent soil ; water good and abundant ; i>lenty of timber. 15, Well adapted for agriculture ; hay lands especially good. IG and 17. Partly oc- cupied by the Big Grass Marsh ; land generally good and many desirable locations for settlement. 18. The north-west corner, intersected by the Big Grass River, is good, but balance of township unfit for settlement. 19. Contains a large number of mus- kegs, but has good growth of spruce and poplar. 20. Timbered with poplar and spruce ; soil medium (juality. Range 12. — Twenty townships. 1. Rather hilly but good soil, well adapted for farming ; Cypress River runs through northern part and has a few good trees on its banks. 2. Rolling prairie ; excellent soil , Crj'stal River crosses township in a south- easterly direction and supplies the purest water. 3 and 4. Well suited for settlement ; partly woodland, partly prairie ; soil good ; water abundant and excellent ; timber plentiful and of good quality. 5. Nearly all covered with brush ; soil in most parts good ; in the hills it is slatey ; Cypress River runs through north-east. 6. North-east portion rolling prairie ; remainder covered with brush and fallen timber ; soil in val- leys black loam, slightly sandy. 7. Land undulating and soil good, except in northern tier of sections ; very little wood, but plenty of good water. 8. Unfit for cultivation, except the valley of the Assiniboine. 9 and 10. All sand hills and swamps not fit for settlement. 1 1. Good soil ; excellent water and plenty of it ; fair supply of building timber. 12. Low, wet swamps, useless, unless drained, except a few sections on Pine River. 13. Covered with dense swamp ; soil generally good, except south-west which is low and swampy ; plenty of good water by digging or from small creeks. 14. Well suited for settlement ; soil rich loam ; water good and plentiful ; timber abundant. 15 and 10. Well adapted for agricultural purp<'>M!s ; soil good ; fair supply of wood and tim- ber. 17. Good soil, well watered, but rather short of timber. 18. Well suited for settlement ; soil goed, especially in south ; plenty of wood and the Big Grass River furnishes abundant supply of excellent water. 19. Mostly wooded with poplar and some spruce ; soil good, especially for hay ; and plenty of water. 20. Timbered with poplar and spruce ; excellent water ; land well adapted for stobk raising. R-iNQE 13. — Nineteen townships. 2. Rolling prairie ; good soil but little timber, and no water except in swamps and gullies and by digging. 3. Surface rough and broken, especially near Rock Lake ; large quantities of oak and poplar grow on margin of lake, from which the Pembina River flows. 4. Surface in most places broken with knolls and ponds ; low lands wet ; no streams, and nearly all the numerous small lakes are too salt for use. 5. Broken hills covered with brush, scrub, oak, and poplar ; alkaline lakes in sections of 25, 29, 31, 33 and 34 ; southern part brush and prairie. 6. Roll ti ' i 1 i h ^ 46 GUIDE TO MANITOBA inK Imul, hilly towftnla Hoiitli ; noil f,'oo(l, except on hill upotfl, when it is Ktavelly ; well wiitoreil by l'yi)r<'8» Uiver, u liirKo croi-k, iind ii good spring. 7. Hoil in north piuir, in contro tirBt-nito black lunni, luid Hoiith in half swiunp, but what land tli«r« in is goo8«o» northern i)art where laud and timber are both good ; balance of townHhip veiy jMuir. WeBteru part Baiul-hilU with bruBh, but notindter; eiiHtern hiis con.iiderulilu oak, and mmth Hupplios Hpruce and tamarac of good Hize, with a Htreaiii convenient for floating it. 10. North-east and Bouth-wcst Bandy and of no value ; remainder line prairie with fair BUpply (tf oak and poplar. II. Surface hilly and broken, Hoil poor. I'J. Siu-faoo hilly, Hoil Becond-class ; numerous muskegs ; easterly two-thirds timbered with heavy poplar, l)irch, and balm of Qilead. UJ. Chietly covered with good tind>er, except in the marslies, numerous small creeks. 14. Well adapted for agriculture ; the valley of the White Mud Rivor, whidi crosses the township, is very rich ; aiul there is a good supply of timber. If). Mostly light sandy loam. Iti. Soil generally juior, and tiudier only tit for fuel. 17. Land mostly level, soil light sandy loam ; the marshes i)roduco good hay. 18. Very little good farming land ; one-third of township is marsh or hay land, and nearly the whole town- ship being low is Hooded by the water from the Uidinj^ Mountains. 19. Totally unlit for settlement, except the southern Boctioiis. 20. Stony, gravelly, full of marshes, and unfit for settlement. Rani iE 14.— Twenty-ono townships. 2. Chiefly rolling prairio, but poorly supplied with wood or water. IJ. Soil dark ham, inclining to sandy; watered by Pembina River, along which there is abundance of oak, elm, poplar and basswood. 4. Surface rolling or broken ; soil good dark loam ; no streams and few ponds or springs, and scarcely any timber. 5. Rough rolling land with plenty of hay swamps ; water nearly all alkaline, and soil gravelly. U. About one-sixth swamp, balance good rolling prai- rie, low lands, rich black loam, ui)land3 gravelly. 7. In south-east half, land is good black loam, balance wet swamp ; south-west part dry, level prairie, balance swamp ; about half north-east coveretl with poor poi)lar and a good many muskegs ; Assiniboini' runs thrtnigh north-west, on banks of which is good growth of poplar. 8. Mostly sand hills ; Asainiboine flows threugh eastern part, and the soil in its valley is good, and some sections well timbered. D. North and south sandy ; centre well timbered with ]iine, tamarac, «S.'c. , watered by Pine liiver. 10. Southern part broken sand hills; balance fine ])rairie w(dl watered 1 y Pine River, with fair quality timber. 11. East hilly, and soil sandy ; remainder level with a few small gullies ; soil sandy but good (puvlity ; two small streams in township. 32. About one-third eastern part covered scrub, balance good undulating prairie ; water supply poor. 13 and 14. Inferior soil, swamps and no streams. 15. Nearly all excellent . irniing land, well watered by Wiiite Mud and other streams, along which is founu ash, oak, elm, and maple. Iti. West of the Reantiful Plain Ridge ; excellent farming land, well watered ; timber easily procurable from Riding Mountains. 17. Western half contains some good farming land ; eastern sections intersected by small gravel ridges ; soil light sandy loam ; a large nuirsh is formed in centre by two streams from Riding Mountains which 8upi)ly good water. 18. About one-ipuirter marsh or hay land ; soil light sandy loam ; well watered but very little timber. 10. Mostly marshes and muskegs, except south- part, which is gravelly and very little fit for farming. 20. Mostly swamp ; soil gravelly ; generally unfit for settlement. 21 and 22. Low and wet, mostly covered by lakes and muskegs, and no good for settlement. Range 15. — Twelve townsliips. 9. Not fit for settlemont ; some fair poplar alonn Pine Creek. 10. Chiefly sand hills and swamps. 11. North and west, first rate black clay loam ; south-west, worthless f(jr cultivation, but contains some fair timber. 12. Soil in whole township, first class, rich black clay loam ; well watered, but very little timber. 13. Beautiful rolling prairie, with excellent soil, watered by two branches of the White Mud River. 14. Soil generally rich ; well watered by White Mud River : well wooded with poplar. 15. Sandy loam traversed by sand ridgea ; water supply poor. IG. Soil, rich black loam ; township well watered by small streams ; north- westerly portion, at the base of Riding Mountains, is heavily wooded with large maple and poplar. 17, 18 and 19. Mostly part of the Riding Mountains, and better suited for lumbering than agriculture. 20. Sandy loam, with a few gravel ridges ; good water supply, and well wooded with poplar, cotton-wood, spnice, elm and oak. Ra with cover 11. li 12. P streai in aln woodi Trairie ; llrst-clasH soil, with much hay land and some flwain|m, hut n>i streams. lU. Clear rolling prairie, soil rich loam ; no strgann, hut water easily found in almost any section. 14. Holling jirairie, mostly clear, except west, which is well wooded with small poplar ; well watered hy the White Mud and itH hranches. liO. Totally unht for settlement, heing comixised of dee[> ravines, muskegs, and lot wet land ; whole township is a forest of birch, elm, [loplar, iVc. 21. Well wooded with spruce, white birch, elm, oak, tVc, much of which is fit for building ; several small streams atlord gtiod sites for mills. IIanoe 17. — Eight sections. 11 and 12. lloUing prairio, soil good dark loam ; good water got at a depth of six to twelve feet. \'6. Soil second class ; very little water and that bad ; not much tindier. 14. Not well adapted for settlement ; land mostly poor and water Imd. 15. Inferior soil with a good deal of sernb ; a belt of good heavy pop- lar crosses to township. 10. Surface undulating, soil in lowlands good black loam ; muskegs fre(pient ; water of the hikes bitter, but good water can bo got in the swamps and muskegs hy digging about two feet. 17 and IH. Surface rolling and rough; soil middling quality ; many muskegs and small lakes, with some live springs. Ranqh 18. — Six townships. 11. Undulating prairio ; no running streams but g<'od in pools in southern part ; soil red and gravelly, except in south, when it is black. 12. Broken prairie, hard and gravelly soil ; not well watered. 13. Rolling prairitj with good soil, covered with hazel, cherry and d(.gwood bushes. 14. Surface rolling, soil excellent (juality ; no streams, but water found at throe to ten feet, 15. Well wooded and watered by the Little Saskatchewan. 1(5. Well adapted for settlement, land throughout being very fertile and well wooded ; the Little Saskatchewan tlows across south-west and presents some good mill sites. Rancif, 19. — Eight townships. 11. Soil good dark loam ; no timber ; no surface- water, but good water can bo got hy digging ten feet. 12. I'rairie, with some poplar and scrub ; soil good loam; swamps numerous hut small; Little Snskatchewan crosses north- west. 15 and 15. Undidating surface ; good soil ; swamps and small alkaline lakes numerous; Little Saskatchewan flows through south, valley about one mile wide. 10. S.iuth half, undulating surface, good soil ; Little Saskatchewan crosses north ; valley swampy and liable to flood. 17- Well timbered with poplars, white birch, grey willow and spruce ; soil good loam ; Whirlpool River flows throu'jih east, afl'ording good mill sites and excellent water. 18. Soil good loam ; heavily timbered with poplar, white birch and spruce ; Whirlpool River runs through township. Ranor 20.— Seven townships. 11. Undulating prairio; soil rich dark loam; no timber except along banks of Rapid River. 12. Surface undulating, mostly cohered with dense clumps of poplar, hazel and willow ; soil dark rich loain ; several alkaline ponds and no good water, except the Little Saskatchewan. 13. Undulating prairie, watered by Little Saskatchewan ; good soil. 14. Fair township for settlement ; surface undulating prairie with good soil ; alkaline lakes numerous ; but there are some fish- ponds, and water can be had at a few feet deptli. 1 5. Rolling prairie, well watered by small lakes ; considerable poplar in south-east corner. 10. Rolling prairie, fairly timbered, but not well watered, except in north, where the Little Saskatchewan flows through. 17. Township all heavily timbered with poplar ; soil second quality ; surface iiuich broken by small lakes. Range 21.— Eight townships. Surface hilly and broken by valleys of Assineboino and Little Saskatchewan ; soil in bottoms rich, but uplands rocky. 12. North and west level prairie; south broken by Little Saskatchewan, which here presents maiiy good mill Bites ; soil on banks stony, but in north good, deep loam. 13 and 14. Soil tirst- class; about one-third each section wooded, balance prairie; well watered by ponds and springs. 15 and 10. Undulating prairie, gravelly soil; some clumps poplar and willow; r;.;, M II t % . \ ^ •■ . w 48 GUIDE TO MANITOBA swamps numerous but small. 17. One-third undulating prairie ; nearly whole of balance well wooded with poplar iit for fuel and building ; soil first-class, except on banks of Little Saskatchewan. 18. One-fourth prairie and willow scrub, balance covered with large poplars ; soil first-class everywhere ; Little Saskatchewan flows through north-west, and township is generally well watered. Ranok 22. — Eight townships. 11. Prairie, im north broken in deep ravines, in middle flat, in south broken and stony ; soil good black loam ; well watered ; sonio good elm, oak and ash on Assiniboine. 12. Prairie, broken by ravines; soil good dark loam ; water to be had at depth of eight to ten feet. 13 and 14. Excellent soil, well wooded and watered ; surface generally rolling ; fair supply timber. 15. Principally jirairio, with g(jod soil, although gravelly in places ; numerous good hay swamps ; Oak River traverses township. 10. Undulating prairie ; good dark loam ; good ])oplarti on hhore of Salt Lake ; springs of pure water abound on north-east shore of lake. 17. Nearly all rol'.ir.g prairie and first-class soil, except a few salt and alkaline jjatches in the south. 18. Half prairie, half woodland ; soil everywhere good ; timber large ami Found ; :iumer(iU8 lakes, many of which are brackish, but cattle relish the waters very jiiuch. Ranoe 23, — Six tovnships. '. 1. Rolling prairie, broken by ravines, in most of which there is good water iii pondd; soil dark loam; timber scarce. 12. Partly rolling prairie, partlj wood ; good aoil ; water easily obtained ))y digging. 13, 14 and 15. Un- dulating prairie with small blutfs of poplar ; soil good and water excellent. 1(5. Sur- face viiidulatinjr, principally prairie ; soil, black sandy loam ; Shoal and Raven Lakes supply good water. RAKtit 24. — Six townships. 11. Two small ridges traverse township from north to south, on which soil is hard and gravelly, but elsewhere <.f finest quality ; no timber ; no running water, and all the lak'S are salt, but good water can be had at from four to eight feet. 12. Generally rolling prairie, without wood ; soil deep, dry loam, excel- le'it for farming. 13, 14, 15 and Hi. Soii principally dark clay loam, with occasional gravel hills ; several lakes of good water and numerous islands of timber and under- wood ; these townships are all well adapted for settlement. Ran(»e 25. — Five townships. 12. Or each bank of the Assiniboine ; surface rolling, brokt*n by ravines towards rive. ; some small timber ; soil in valley, rich loam, else- where slaty with patches of loam. 13. ^'oil fair ; township well watered by Arrowhead and other streams, and suited for settlement. 14. Undulating prairie, with good soil, watered by a creek of good water. 15. Soil dark sandy loam of good (piality ; consid- <'rable ijuantity of poplar in north ; south chiefly prairie. 16. Soil dark samly loam ; surface undulating, principally prairie, but having numerous patches of bush, small swamps and clumps of poplar and high willow. Range 26.— Five townships. 13 aad 14. Surface rolling prairie, soil gener.lly good loam ; good water scarce ; not much timber. 15 and 16. Mostly undulating prairie ; soil, excellent quality, sandy loam ; islands of inferior poplar numerous. 17. The soil and timber are the same as in the preceding t.jwnship. There is a lake about three and a half miles long, and half a mile wide, in the middle of the township. brush, and wes coven d desiral) Ran( in norti west, \v 46. Sli' dow through Soil gon RANGES WEST OF 2nd PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Ranoe 25.— Three townships. 46. Soil good, covered with poplar and willow fit for fuel, but timber for building has to be brought from the Saskatchewan. 47. Situated within twelve miles of Prince Albert settlement ; soil good ; watered by Saskatche- wan ; timber fit for fuel and fencing. 48. Well adapted for settlement; soil, water and timber all good. Banoe 26.— Three townships. 45, A broken township, soil good quality covered with AND TILS NORTH-WEST. 49 hnsli. 4G. Soil good at connection line and along the Saskatchewan, but running east and west through tlio township aro a number of alkaline ponds, meadows and swamps, covered witli young timber. 47. In closo pro,\imity to Prince Albert Settlement is a desirable locati(jn for settlers ; soil and w.itor good, and fair supply of timber for fenc- ing. R.\N(JK 27. Three townships. 45. Surface broken by ridges and knolls ; soil sandy in north and near Saskatchewan, but rich through middle of township from oast to west, where there are good fresh water-lakes ; plenty of poplar on banks of rivers. •1(1. Slightly undulating s\irface, with rich yellow soil ; almost every section has mea- dow lands surrounded with blull's of young poplar ; a good fresh-water creok runs thro\igli the north-west suctions ; l.ikos arc alkaline but not too salt for cattle. 47. Soil good, and good supply if fencing and building timber. Raxok 28. Two townships. 4.">. Soil s.andy ; plenty of fresh -water lakes and good hay meadows ; timber scrui)by. 4(J. Soil fair ; plenty of fresh lakes, ponds and creeks with excellent hay meadows ; timber .suited for buikLng. R\NGE WEST OF 3iii. PUINCIE^VL MERII .AN. i i» m m m Ranui; 1. Three township.s. 4ij. Soil generally yellow sand covered with a thin layer of vegetable mould ; Sankatcliewan runs through south-easterly sections, and there the snil is c!;iy covered witii abnut tiftoou inches of mould ; township well watered with sweet water lakes and creeks ; tindier principally poplar from five to fifteen inches, but in western sections there is some sjjruce, tam;irac and pine. 4'i. Soil sandy, but in two easterly tiers of sections it is loam covi.'i-ed with four or live inches of mould ])ro- diicing gfnirl crops of cereals and liay ; Mie tiuibe.' is pitch-pine, pophu' and spruce, and is suital)le for building ; two good streams wat jr north-east and soiith-we.st .sections. 47. The .soil is loam with a gruxl covering of mould in the two easterly tiers where .'ii^'ricultural improveinentsare met with, but the soutli-westerly part is dotted witii pinc- I hid sand hills from tliirtj to sixty feet high ; the timber is small wiUow and spruce, [)itch-pino, tumarac and popl.ir, the latter si.xteeu inches diameter. % • " OoUingw jod Line " Stea ners passing Thunder Cape, Lake Huperior, 4 OOf GUIDE TO MANITOBA DIRECTORY. MANITOBA. Customs Department Winnipeg. — George B. Spencer, collec- tor ; C. Ubalde, Lindsay, appraiser ; John Emslie, chief clerk ; George H. Young, clerk ; Charles N. Bell, clerk ; R J. Jones, landing waiter ; George D. Mc Vicar, land- ing waiter ; E. J. Simcoe, acting landing waiter ; Frederick J . Hoskin, acting land- i.ng waiter . Out Port of North Pembina (West Lynne). — F. T. Bradley, sub-collector ; William Mills, acting landing waiter and clerk. Out Port of Yoik Factory (Hiidson Bay). — Joseph Fortescue, sub-collector. Preventive Station. — (Opposite Smugglers' Point — 20milea west of West Lynne), W .P. Leslie officer. Inland Revenue Department WINNIPEG. W. F. Gouin, inspector of inland revenue for Manitoba and North-West Territories : Stewart Mulvey, collector of Inland Rev- enue for Manitoba and North- West Terri- tories ; F. H. Maisonville, excise oHicer : Thomas George, messenger. FORT MCLEOD (N. W. T.) Major Irvine, deputy collector. FORT WALSH (n. W. T.) Major Walsh, deputy collector. Receiver General's Department WINNIPEG. ASSISTANT RECEIVER OENERAL's OFFICE. H. M. Drummond, acting asaiatant re- ceiver general. ' DOMINION auditor's OFFICE. L Drummond, acting auditor. IMINION SAVINGS BANK OFFICE. ; Drummond, acting manager. J^)c|furtment of the Interior. jSoaunion Lands Offloe. HIA^ OFFICE, WINNIPIO. 5ff.*S J^^.agen' I A. J. Belch, aasis- ?^,- f^j tant agent ; Rich. H. Hunter, accountant ; Roger Goulet, senior clerk ; Geo. F. New- C(jnib, Timber and Homestead inspector ; A. L. Sabine, clerk ; A. E. Fisher, clerk ; M. B. Wood, clerk ; Henry Powell, mes- senger. BRANCH OFFICE, PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE. Augustus Mills, local agent. BRANCH OFFICE, EMERSON. George Newcomb, local agent. BRANCH OFFICE, LITTLE SASKATCHEWAN (n. W. T.) Alexander Jaffery, local agent. BRANCH OFFICE, PEMBINA MOUNTAIN. Henry Landerkin, local agent. Dominion Lands Survey Cfflce. Arthur H.W^hitchor, inspector of surveys ; Rioh. H. Hunter, accountant ; Charles D. Rickards, draughtsman ; Henry Powell, messenger. Indian Branch. WINNIPEG. James F. Graham, acting Indian super intendent for Manitoba ; L. J. Arthur Le- veaque, clerk ; J. P. Wright, messenger. AGENCIES. D. McCoU, inspector of agencies, ofSce, Winnipeg. Norway House. — H. Martineau, Indian agent. Lower Fort Garry. — D. Young, M.D., Indian agent. Portage hi Prairie. — Francis Ogletreo, Indian agent. EmersoTK — George Newcomb, Indian ■gent. LMke of the Wood*. — George McPherson, Indian t^ent. Fort Francis.— a. N. Pithar, Indian agent. Department of Agrionltore IMUIOKATION B&ANOH, WINNIPW). William Hf-ipeler, immigration agent ; Eugene Paraai.«, clerL AND THE NORTH-WEST. 51 DUFFERIK. Jean E. Tetu, immigration agent ; Enoch Windier, assistant agent and German inter- preter. PROVINCIAL COURTS. Bench. Hon. Edmund Burke Wood, chief jus- tice ; , puisne judge ; , puisne judge. dexeasei). {Both puisive judges recently Court of Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery, and of Assize Nisi Frios- This Court sits twice .ir, e.Ycept when otherwise ordered by tht Lieutenant- Governor in Council, viz. : — (>n the third Tuesday in October and on the first Tues- day in March. The Court of Queen's Bench. This Court sits in Bench four times every year, viz. : — Hilary Term, from the first Monday in t'ebruary to the second Satur- day following ; Easter Term, from the first Monday in June to the seccmd Saturday following ; Trinity Term, from the last Monday in August to the second Saturday following ; and Michaelmas Term, from the first Monday in November to the second Saturday following. Officers of the Courts. — Allan Macdonald, prothonotary, clerk of the Crown, Peace, and Master of the Queen's Bench. William S. Kittson, deputy prothoni ,,ary. Sheriff's Office. — Colin Inkster, hicrh sherifi'ofthe Province; Charles Constii tine, deputy sheriff; James Mcllroy, bailiff. j High Constable's Office- Richard Power, high constable ; David Huston, constable ; William McDougall, constable ; C. A. D. T^tu, constable ; John O'Flynn, constable. COUNTY COURTS. Pnaided by the Chief Justice or by one of the puisne judges. County Court for Selkii^ This court sits six times in each year, vis. : — On the second Tueaday m Febroary, April, June, AugUBt, October aad Decem- ber Officers of the Court. — Edmund Marston, acting clerk ; Richard Power, high con- stable ; , bailiff and constable ; Maxime Goulet, constable ; John W. Johnson, constable ; Frank D. Stewart, constable ; Pierre Berard, constable. County Court for Lisgar. This Court sits four times in each year, viz. : — On the tlyrd Tuesday in February, May, August and November. Officers of the Court. — Thomas Norquay, clerk ; John McDonald, constable ; John Porteous, constable ; James Matheson, constable ; Thomas Peebles, constable ; Dougall McLeod, constable ; Henry Smith, constable. County Court for Frovenoher. This Court sits four times in each year, viz. : — The second Wednesday in Febru- ary, May, August and November. Officers of the Court. — Joseph Turenne, clerk ; Jean Baptiste Tourond, deputy sheriff ; Pierre Lachanca, Jacques Tou- rond, Honore Pariseau, Joseph PeUssier, Jean Rougeau; constables. County Court for Marquette, East. This Court sits four times a year, viz. : — On the third Friday in February, May, August and November. Officers of the Court. — John McDougall, clerk ; Charlas Barron, deputy sheriff ; Magloire Plante, Leon Chenier, Jean Bap- tiste de Lerondo, Cuthbert Falaon, con- stables. County Court for Marquette, Weit- The Conrt sits four tmies in each >«ar, VIZ. : — On the first Tuesday in March Jind the last Tuesday in May, August and No- vember. Officers of the Court. — John McDonald, clerk ; J j. Setter, deputy sheriff : Sel- kirk Bannerman, W. Stinson, Andrew Petersot, John Rose, Geo. McRae, con- stables. Ffevvanal Polioe Goort. PiwiiBd % tbs Judges in their capacity of ^Hmmlamf MagnSnites. Sits when re- quired. Officer of the Court. —Edward Maatoo, acting clerk. Manitoba Law Sooioty. Bm^iert.- -RoJL Josaph Boyal, LL.D., t^)"^ 02 GUIDE TQ MANITOBA president ; Samuel Clarke Biggs, B.A., secretary ; John Farquhar Bain, B.A., treasurer ; Darid Mair Walker, Hon. Joseph Dubuc, B.C.L., M.P.P., Francis Evans Cornish, M.P.P., Sedley Blaiichard, Joseph Ryan, M.P., Allan Macdonald. Law Students' Society. Organized in 1877. Hon. Chief-Jnstice E. 1^ Wood, presi- dent ; John F. Bain, B.A., first vice-presi- dent ; , second vice-president ; E. M. Wood, treasurer ; William Laurie, re- cording secretary ; D. MacGillivray, cor- responding secretary. Oeiieral Committee. — E. M. Wood, Wm. Laurie, D. McGillivray, and W. R. Black, B.A. Post Office Department. WINNIPEG (Head Office). William Hargrave, assistant inspector and postmaster ; J. O. Poitras, chief clerk : Charles Desormiers, clerk ; L. O. Bourget, clerk. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. WINNIPEG (Heai. Office). William Harurave, Post.nnkiter and AssiHtant Inspector. J. D. Elliott, Anflttant Postmaster. J. O. PoiTRAH, Chief Clerk. FoRTiEH, Bangs, Prudholme, and Pontin, Clerk«. John M* Kenzik, Messenger. List of Post Offices in the Province of Manitoba and North- West Territories. CWNTY OF TIaRQUETTE, MaN. N^nmi of Post OJfict. Nairn i>f I'^xt '..hut. Alexandria Thoma* Mclnr\ie. Archibald Alexander Bethvine, AHsinilxiine H. M. Huut. Bale at. Pan] BeacftnsfieM Charles Wright. Blythfield W. H. MiUar. Biimrfde • Iidf Mountain S. A Bedford, ' i»mpbellville Peter CamplielL < vy«tal City William Pan Gladstone John L. jy<^{ue. yame of Poxt Offirt. Nanu of Postmaster. tl«jlden Str. ^ju D. McConnell. Hi..'h Bluff J. T. C. Ironsides. li ikeaide A. H. Cunningham. I'orn* .'. Martin McDonald. Me»<1.jw Lea I). H. Scott. Mirtiiii William Thompson. Minnewashta James Connor. Mountain City W. C. Anderson. Nelsonville Newhaven J. Davidson. Oakland» W. P. Smith. AND THE NORTH-WEST. 53 County of Mabquette, Mk.^.— Continued. Name of Post Office. Name of Postmaster. Oakpoint William Clark. Osaowa Pembina Crossing A. J. Mond. Pigeon Lake J. M. House. Pomeroy J. W. Phillips. Poplar Heightc J. J. McGeorge. Poplar Point James T. Newman. Portage la Prairie George Bates. Preston William Bubharde. Prospect D. D. Frazer. St. Frangois Xavier .J. Bte. Thibeault. Name of Post Office. Name of Postmaster. St. Laurent Rev. J. MulvihilL St. Leon O. Lafreniere. Salterville Richard Salter. Silver Spring — Armstrong. StoddeviUe John Stoddart. Thomhill J. R. Bonney. Toto^an John C. Ball. Wellington Alexander Mooney. Wefitboume A. E. Smalley. Woodlands J. A. Montgomery. Woodside 1 pi- < j ' County op Lisoar, Man. Balmoral William Ashdown. Bird's Hill H. E. Allison. Clandeboye R. J. T. Muckle. Cook's Creek George Miller. Dundee D. W. McKay. DyDevor Edward Thomas. Foxton John Campbell Greenwood Edward McKeow. Lower Fort Garry William Flett. Middlechui-ch James Clouston. Millbrook R. Sutherland. Park Creek Fred. Fulsher. Puf,^n8 Albert Monkman. Ph lupton Edward Hudson. Rockwood St. Andrew's Thomas Sinclair. Selkirk James Colcleugh. S|)ringfield Rop'r Tuson. Stonewall O. V. Jackson. Sunnyside Arch. Paterson. Victoria ' - ; -i County of Provencher, Man. Anuand John Ginn. Clear Spring William Lang. Emerson H. T. Lewis. Green Ridge W. FouMs. Otterbume Joseph Zirbes. Rat River Hillaire Gagne RMgeville John Bidlake. Rosseau Crossing Duncan McKercher. Ste. Agathe Rev. C. Samoisette. Ste. Ann's Alex. Chisholm. St. .lean Baptiste Pierre Parteveau. St. Norbert Rev. N. Richot. St. Pie Felix Genlee. St. Vital A. Goudry. Scratching River William Gallie, West Lynne D. Matheson. County of Selkirk, Man. Headingly John Taylor. Kildonan James Frazer. Loretto J. Bte. Gauthier. Prairie Grove J. S. Robertson. St. Boniface Joseph Dubuc. St. Charles Mary Adshead. St. James W. F. Lane. Winnipeg John Hargrave. Keewatin. Cross Lake H. N. Rutlan. Fort Francis A. R. Little. Gimli F. Fridriksson. Hoosswick J. Christopherson. Pine Falls T. H. Schneider. Rat Portage F. W. Bent North- West Territorie.s. Battle! ord Hugh Richardson. Birtle J. H. Wood. Blake William Caimes. Bridgecreek George Frazer. Carleton Eden Joseph Honeyman. Fort Ellice Archibald McDonald. Fort Edmonton Richard Hardisty. Fort Saskatchewan . . . .E. H. Carr. Grandin M. Ouellette, Grand VaUey D. M. Trear. Hallsford John Tanner. Hazledean H. McBain. Little Saskatchewan. . . Oak River James Little. Prince Albert Alex. McBeith. Rapid City Peter Ferguson. Richmond Joseph Amend. Salisbury William Millar. Shoal Lake — Jaflfray. Stobftrt Albert Scott. Touchwood Hilla Angus MoBeth. II ■J- I 54 QVIDE TO MANITOBA HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY. FABHIIiQ L^ND FOR SALE IN MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. V, 000,000 .A.OIIES IN THE GREAT FERTILE BELT The Hudson's Bay Co. now offer for sale farming lands in the districts of country described. They are the owners, under the Dominion Lands Act, of two sections in every sur- veyed township in the great fertile belt. Eacli section consists of G40 acres, and will be sold either in block or in quarter sections of IGO acres each. In addition to these two sections in each township, a list can be obtained on application of lots owned by the Hudson's Bay Co. , and which are now also offered for sale. They comprise some of the very best farms fronting on the Red and Assiniboine rivers. They include lands in the best prairie districts, capable of producing the largest and best crops of wheat ; also land admirably adapted for cattle-raising ; and a large number of wood lots. These lands are the choicest lots in the country, and are offered for sale on exceed- ingly easy terms of payment. The prices range from $3 to ^ per acre and upwards, according to location and other circumstances. The terms of payment are remarkably easy, vi^. : one-eighth of the price in cash at the time of sale, and the balance in seven equal annual instalments, with interest at seven per cent, per annum on the amount due. A purchaser of a farm of 160 acres, at say %i an acre, will only require to pay $80 in cash, and an equal sum every year for seven years, with interest at seven per cent, per annum. A formal agreement is given him on the payment of the first instalment, which will be exchanged for a deed on the last payment being made. The title to the Hudson's Bay Co. is direct from the Crown. The Company is having all its lots in the several townships, as fast as they are sur- veyed, reported upon by competent surveyors, so that purchasers can have correct information in regard to the lands they desire to purchase. The sections in each township, belonging to tne Hudson's Bay Co., are numbered 8and2C. AND THE NORTH-WEST. 05 The principal land office of the Company is in Main Street, Winnipeg, where full information can be obtained by settlers and parties desiring to purchase lands. An office is also open at 5 Peter Street, Montreal, where full information can also bo obtained. !;! CITT AND TOTOTN LOTS. CITY OF WINNIPEG The Hudson's Bay Co. have also a large number of lots for sale in the City of Win- nipeg, which has now a population of over 10,000 persons. These lots are situated in the best and healthiest parts of the City, and are being rapidly disposed of at moderate prices. The terms of payment are one-fifth in cash at the date of purchase, and the balance in four equal annual instalments, with interest at 7 per cent, per annum. The Company has also laid out town plots at various other placts, where ! ,s are being sold on terms of payment 'jimilar to those at Winnipeg. WEST LYNNE. A town has thus been laid out at West Lynne, on the west side of Red River, next the boimdary of the United States, and where a considerable number of lots have already been sold. RAT PORTAGE Another has been laid out at Rat Portage, where a station has been established on the line of railway from Winnipeg to Thunder Bay. Large lumber mills are now being built in the vicinity of this place, and there is a valuable extent of water mill privilege, belonging to the Hudson's Bay Co., admirably adapted for grist mills. P0RTA3E LA PRAIRIE. At Portage La Prairie, 70 miles west of Winnipeg, a town has been in existence for some time, and a considerable number of lots sold. This is near the line of the railway running westward of Winnipeg, and is the centre of a splendid farming country. GOSCHEN. The town of Goschen is now also being surveyed and laid out in the Prince Albert district, on the main Saskatchewan River. This town will be the emporium for a large and rapidly increasing wheat-growing and cattle-raising district. Other towns will be laid out as settlement progresses, and the necessity for them becomes apparent. At each of the towns already laid out, excellent stores are owned by the Hudson's Bay Co., where goods of the best quality can be purchased on reasonable terms. Grist mills are also in process of construction at various places for the accommodation of settlers, and where grain is purchased. Letters addressed to the undersigned will be |)rcmptly replied to, and every information given to parties desiring to settle on these productive lands- O. J. BRYDCES, land Commissioner, Hudson's Bay Co- MONTBSiX, CaKADA, October, 1879. iii; 1'! n I „ . I f^H 66 GUIDE TO MANITOBA I¥im¥E]^Iil ® THE TOWN of NIVERVILLE, situated on tliu Canada Pacific Rail- way Branch, 20 miles soutli of tlie City of Winnipeg and 40 miles north of the Town of Emerson, is to the euot suppo: tofl by the flourisliiny Mennonite Reserve, in which are 5C0 families residing. These settlers all pursue farming, and had, in the year 1878, 9,4-l(; acres of land under cultivation, which that year produced 196,000 bushels of grain. Adjoining this settlement to the oast, are the thriving settlements of CLEAR SPRINGS & POINTE DE CHENE, With an aggregate area of 3,600 acres of land under cultivation. To the west, Niverviile borders on the fine lands in the WALW^BMMMB RMBMMYMf And those in the Red River Belt, which have all now come into market. Niverviile is also the NEAREST RAILWAY POINT TO RED RIVER, Between Emerson and St. Boniface, also the nearest railway outlet to that flourishing Canadian settlement west of Red River. Niverviile had its first building started in the month of April, 1879, and within three months after had one general store, one hotel, two dwelling-houses, and a large With a capacity of 30,000 BUSHELS, erected. That Niverviile will be one of the most important stations on the Canada Pacific Railway is, under existing circumstances, a settled fact, and offers an unrivalled opportunity to business men and capitalists. Niverviile has a daily mail and telegraph office, and a GRIST MILL is about to be started. fvp ■i an i Ml I i TOIiOIsTTO, OlSTT- The Palace Hotel of Canada. Re-Fitted, Re-Furnished, & Unrivalled in all its Appointnfients. The only First-Class Hotel situated on thu Principal Business Street in To^vntu. STREET R4II.WAV CARK PAS«» THE DOOR. ELEVATORS for Passengers and Baggage Running Night and Day. PRICES REDUCED— $2.00, $2.50, and $300 per Day for all Rooms, according to location, except those with Parlours and Baths attached. The most courteous and attentive Ojfficers vnll always he found on duty in the Office. OMNIBUSES, with Porters in Attendance, on Arrival of all Boats and Trains. This HOUSE is the only First-Olass Hotel in Toronto complete in all its appointments, with ma^iificent Parlours, grand Bed-Rooms, detached and in suites, lofty ceilings, imposing cor- ridors, ana equal to the best Hotels in the United States. MARK H IRISH. Proprietor, Late of the F ^bk Hotkl, liiadiaon, Wia. for OUIDE TO MANITOBA 5» ANDREW COLQUHOUN, -SUCCESSOR TO- HaSKINS &" CoLQUHOUN, DIRECT IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN LIQTOB Nc 14 THISTLE STREET, NEAR MAIN STREET. WIHNIPIG > • MANITOBA. 60 QUIDK TO ifAiyiT(JllA. BXjL DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.ic. WAREHOUSE Three (hors south of Scott d' C(k\s Furniture Store MAIN STREET, WINNIPEG. BRANCH WAIIEIIOUSES AT I'OHTAGE LA PllAIKIE AND EMERSON. PATTERSON k. BRO.'S CELEBRATP:D New Combination and Sprague Mowers. Empire Drill and Seeder Combined. Ithaca and Ontario Horse Bakes. Fanning Mills, Ploughs, &c. Speight & Son's Waggons. Waterous Engines and Mill Machinery. Agricultural Steam Engines. Threshing Machines. Horse Powers. Iron Harrows. Buggies. Stoves. &&, &c. I 1 AND THE NOUTIIJVEST. Gl VI- S,'S(S&LSJS, ESEIT & CO. fJKNKllAL IMI'OltTKUS OF BRITISH, FOREIGN, AND AMERICAN G-003D QKNEKA^T. DRY GOODS. TENTS, CART COVERS, RUBBER SHEETS, &c., &c. HEADY-MADE CLOTMIMG AND CARPETS. 335 & 337 MAIN ST., WINNIPEG. I II I til ■h. 'It 1 flH ■f ? I J. «a QUIDE TO MANITOBA SI. StinrACI 3TAII0I GENERAL STORE k ELEVATOR, DVt .A. IsT I T O B .A.. Parties arriving in Manitoba will find everything in the way of GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, LIQUORS. BOOTS & SHOES, HARDWARE, &c. ALL OF THE BEST QUALITY, AND AT LOWEST WINNIPEG PRICES .ALSO f iMf I a mmm WLmm FOR PRAIRIE CAMPING. -»>■■•'•■♦■ Purchasers will save trouble and expense by calling at the above Store. Arranfiremenli have been made for completely OUTFiniNG IMMIGRANTS & OTHERS AT REDUCED RATES. FARMS IMPHOYBD AND UNIMPBOYED, FOB SALE -A.. S. 3 ^en jcn arrlTi at the Sepot, oail a&d sm our Ckodi> Al ft^a AND THE NORTH-WEST. 63 A. G. B. BANNATYNE, "w I isT 3sr 1 1? E a- . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN Wines and Liquors. Has constantly on liand a Large Stock of PORK, BACON, HAM, FLOUR AND FEED, OATMEAL, RICE, And everything in his line required 1 y Immigrants, Surveyors, Freighters Contractors, Country Merchants, and others, At as Low a Price as any other House in Town. CITY & TOWN LOTS FOR SA.LE IS WINNIPEG AND SELKIRK; AT CANADA PACIFIC RAILWAY CROSSING OF RED RIVER. ALSO RIVER LOTS AND QUARTER SECTIONS In the most desirable parts of the Province. f# t*\ fl I 64 OUIDE TO MANITOBA EI.A.K;ID"V7".A.E;E WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. The LARGEST, CHEAPEST, and best assorted STOCK In the Province. Hardware, Stoves a7id Tinware, Ploughs, Harrows, IVaggons. li stoves, Nails and all kinds of Hardware sold cheaper than they can be brought in from the East. Intending iSettlers will find it to their advantage to call or write for Prices. j; M» A 331, 333 MAIN STREET, -S T. I '-0 [ c • c h C F c t r 1 c C I c I- I' J' 1-; ^ ■Tor ■t Ellico X^ -/.v. '"'"/'■uinf. 1} K 1 T I S LAlCt: MANITOBA I T Jpliir l'()iiit*V//V/^^ :^''v>- I'oiftiijt III J'lairlc 7 '■ Andrews 'I ^ '"'1,, I Ft Cam )i/j St UoIlifaCO j stcAiine P . ^ ^ ',v /J '•"^z 31 A X I T lb 11" A ! Scratching J}. )| j llcilllOIliti! , Inltni/fon Jfif ^^ M('lllll)llll(! Sittlclllrlll J 1 1\ ^ A)vd I'l'iiiliii iEVII.S I. IKK r r Fori Slt'phenson ^^ ""4, -— ^ '^, Oranil Fori, ■ <:'^ ^' ^>''1LJ^^ Chlpixwa Village J't.HciiUi.hl c Fort Clarke 'v tj. -.;7Tf,o\^ Bisinaixk -i^, ■T^t.A.L;, '^.•v «A<'/'»' hialirir. ^•""'•/ j|lS8t»*0>l,/ StanUij ■ VilJ' NOBl HtBN ''^"no/ihall ^ yjiii;, Rt, Fort Jilce itnHom- V..'''^,( orl ^yon A Soni'i'iS oj the ' Dc'tit.it ^Mhxi^firpi &^-i' I'erham ,\^^ nr of" n ^^::rA ^//^ Oeadwc 14 liefla'C .VounliCj/. iVorfff^" •"■^Crook City K Sd s ronible RriMkiMirl(lB<' z Lukf Traverse^ -TorrjWadBworiL ™^ ixii'' Fullt irO'Vt//a Muik'v ' ..^''' i-iTK Fl.IMii Mill^rvilU \^ irinaii Mum Sau ik\;c iilria ^OaTcf GihtwooU O {Lake J-'ampeiln i^MONTEV 7 .. > 4t Sl.<-'loi/d IVIINNEAp; H I ji- OK ' WILW Fort Siniy -Onlei \^ J>'oit 1' l^v' /:^-. ^ am/) U'rtnrfH Tait:!^'' V <^>..crltftpM/City •^^^ ^^^S ^ ,Toit:rhomp8onf ^ flj S Flaiidn-iiu ^ 31ank;itlVjlJV [livte SoFp/ IFelict-I'alla \ ForfXoiik JUt ZFire Sleel ol FlfifsTEEL i<- orihiiigton. ^ll'llAlp '''^?. liockporf '•^-J "^'/Z otit r ^' Sjioitfd Tail Agency PR//V 'C>^. 0/i< -Po/r/l k^V' TOS' S^^<^ ^^V K^-v ^ineS ClouU.Agenn jjjlobrara A'ajiiH "■^4 Jfidbrura . Pierce Verm I Mitch^l/\_ A: iLoiJffg E ?/• J'onca -v'^^--^-v^ GraM/xTjurg M ppowd '"""^^ ci'OIor H. Q ^K -Cheh W-y- & 8T. y^ti^^ZM 3L*S^**.,f ^s^»«. aStf Kf^aa Claire o (J To id "~\ 3- - • V ....A.. I (lllfTB ^'^M/ ii^«^^^/ ///4'i-, V'^''^'^" JoUct Ockaloosa PLEASE TAKE NOTICE! a'^^^^S^ o Milwaukee A A^jAlX.iCji -• AND < t^ IM THB UKt>T LINE IN RVKHT I'ARTIOVI'AR BKTWKKN o ]^ I o ii.. ©^ d Aisrx) Milwaukee, La Crosse, Winona ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS. MANITO NOI^THWEST TERRITORIES, A ^isriD- Valley of Red River of the North. I'assciigcrs approachinjf Chicajio, by any Railway, will find Parmclee's Omnibus Check- men on the trains, who will exchange their checks, and give all requisite information. Parmelee's Omniinises are on hand at a'l depots, on arrival of trains, to convey Passengers to the Depot of this Company. Passenger Agents of this Company are at the several Depots, on arrival of connecting trains, for the purpose of directing and assisting passengers. rickets between Chicago and St. Paul, Minneapolis or points beyond, in either direction- are good either via Watertown, Sparta, F.aOosse, Winona, and the fajned River Division, (over 130 miles along the shores ol the Mississippi, in full view of its grand scenery), or via Madison, Prairie liu Chien, McGregor, Austin and Owatonna. Amjtle time for Meals at the best Railway tating Houses in llie country, under tiie super- I vision of those Princes of the Art Cuisine. Fox, Johnson and Williams. id(§^ SEE liJL.£i^£* i3:E3K/E]"W"ITI3:. CHICAGO — Passcnrjcr Depot, cor. Canal and West Madison Streets. Freight Depots, cor. Union and Carroll Streets. City Offices, 61 and 63 Clark Street. M. H. M IOItUII..L.i. 0«n a- 8 > ^ in > -* 4-1 -^ "^ ■— "1 5 ^ ;r^-^ > c o -r rt a; t c o (A O a; O (]j o bJO'u := c X rt J2 u O _c u c c o 03 > C9 c o o a, V Q o ^ > u 03 c \ tfi c ^ E c O rt U bjo C/! •<-■ •— *J <-- ^ o '■a -= u (A tf) tf) qj ._ >^ ?n 3 OJ 0.' bJO c _o u V u OJ >- > O o .H2 03 -a .ii c (U . o c a; ?* •5 0.1 ^ c c o Cfl ^ *c^ 5 t/) X ! o on u f^ ^ c 12 I u a. 3 7) V -a 3 O o t/5 cr •- V 3 03 *^ (U <^ c OJ •- £ CL, JL - *• t/5 03 H — ro ^ ^ M C -o ^ 03 c . -^ 03 U 03 "^ ,«^. "i • as s o 01 w W B 3. < P3 •0 CD 5« a ► o o o P- "A ^ M H w o d W »xJ B 3. --I o P^ H >• CO a ti !2S IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) V] <^ /^ /A #1 1.0 If I.I 1.25 *t& li 3.2 2.2 I" 1^ ^ ^ 1^ 12.0 Photographic Sciences Coiporation 1.8 U ill 1.6 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 o & < o Q > u s IS .^n Eh < o •a P. Ki u M p S o ^ <) 2 ^ I ^ k H § l-l I *^ » ft i m J T : >> I -a ' -d ♦> (» d d iS ]i £3 ^ i GO > 6 • o ea e < — 1. W 55 ^ gS a 8 AND THE NORTH-WEST. 65 THE ST. PAUL, MINNEAPOLIS & MANITOBA (LATE ST. PAUL AND PACIFIC RAILWAY.) THE ONLY LINE TO THE Great Park Region of Minnesota. Also the only line through the famous SAUK AND RED RIVER VALLEYS Reaching all points in North-Western Minnesota, NOBTH-EASTERN DAKOTA, AND THE ttOlfi-^lFESf f £lB^¥0Ef £S, All Passenger Trains equipped with Westinghouse Automatic Air Brakes and Miller Platforms. PALACE SLEEPING CARS ON NIGHT TRAINS. The St. Paul^ Minneapolis and IVIanitoba Confipany are offering for Sale 3>000.000 Acres of the nfiost valuable Lands in the North-West of the United States, JAS. J. HILL, W. S. ALEXANDER, Gen. Manager. Oen. Passenger Agt. ST. I'-A.tJL, lid:i3SriT. ' 6 ^"1 I X 1; ■I 9 66 GUIDE TO MANITOBA. THE BEST ROUTE — TO ^f MAHtTOBA AND COUNTRY TRIBUrAEY TIIEEETO, f -IS VIA- THE GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY TO SARNIA OR GODERICH. TUB GBBaT WESTERN RAllWAV TO SARNIA, KINCARDINE OR SOUTHAMPTON. THE CANADA SOlTllEllN IIAILWAY TO DETROIT OR COURTRIGHT. The Nortli-West Transportation Company TO DULUTH. THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY TO GLYNDON. THE ST. PAUL, MINNEAPOLIS AND MANITOBA RAILWAT, TO ST. VIM CENT. THE WINNIPEG AND WESTERN LINE OF STEAMERS, OB THE PEMBINA BFAKCH RAILWAT, TO WINNIPEG. TO THOSE EMIGRATING TO MANITOBA. After arriving at any of the Ports at which this line cills, you will find the steeripe accom- modation superior to any on fresh water. On arrival at Duluth you are met by M'. McNally, the Agent of this Line, who will assist you with your baggage and freight, and see to your per- sonal comfort. The use of the Ra:eption House at Duluth and along the line of the Northern Pacific is free to the patrons of this Line. After leaving Dululh on the Northern Pacific Railway ('his road runs no Emijrnrt Trains), you are met at St. Vincent by the Agent of the Wintiipeg and WV^iern Tnnsponaiion Couip;uiy, who will conduct you on board the steamer which carri .-s you throu'^h to VVniiiipeg. i^- Ship your cattle, horses, waggons and freight by the NORTIi-WIiS T TKANSPOliT- ATION CO., the boats of which have stalls for cattle and horses. •M 1880. AND THE NORTIl-JVEST. SEEASOig^ 67 1880. ^^%t^-^Ssj, L IJN»^L I T E ID . LAKE SUPERIOR ROYAL MAIL LINE. This Line oonaists of tho following A 1 Elegant'/ Equipped Upper Cabin Rteamcrg : "MANITOBA." C.M'T. J. B. SYMES. . y^SlACv^ .; CAPT. J. MoM AUUH. ONTARIO" CAPT. E. UOUKKTSON. "SOVEREIGN," CAl'T. J. MOORK. "QUEBEC,": CAPT. E. ANDERSON. — RUNNLNO KEGULARLV BETWEEN — Detroit^ Windsor^ Gourtrighf^ Sarnia^ Croderich^ Kincardine^ Southamptonp — AND ALL PORTS ON — ) COIfHBOTINO AT ( DULUTH with the NORTHERN PACIFIC and WINNIPEG AND WESTERN TRANSPORTATION CO. ) FOB ALL POINTS IM ( Manitoba and the Great North West, — AND WITH ST. PAUL AND DULUTH R. R. for — G^SHIPPERS^^ If you wish your Freight Handled with care, Delivered with Prompt- ness, combined with Low Rates, — C0S 81QX IT VIA TIIR — ITorth.-'West Transportation Co.'7 — TO AND FaOM ALL TOI-N TS OX — Lakes Huron and Superior, Fort Garry, Manitoba and North-'Weit Territories, ) AS ( — 1^" IT IS THE QUICKEST, THE CHEAPEST, AND THE BEST! tS" FOR FUHTHBR PARTICULARS, APPLY TO WOT. BAI% H. DBEJ^TT'y, Freight and Passenger J gent, GENERAL MANAGKR, TORONTO, ONT. S.ilt.VIA, OXT. SAFETY ! SPEED ! COMFORT ! fi MANITOBAt t'. (4 g g I m g n & CO I Q o o o o \ fc Tt fia Rs Sp Co on ai The Shortest, Cheapest Way to go is by the COLiIiI]RrGVirOOD Lil HJE BP LEMDID POWERFUL STEAMERS BUILT SPECIALLY FOR LAKE BDPERIOB : CnY OF OWEN SOUND (900 Tons.) FRANCIS BMITH (860 To is.) CITY OF WINMIPEO (900Toa»> \ «. The RoutO' I'l'C lic^t way to travel is by the Quick I,ai 70 GUIDE TO MANi'"01tA HIGGiNS, YOUNG L JACKSON, main Street^ Winnipeg^ ^MANITOBA. "S^li-olesaXe axLa. Retail IDealex-s ±xl Fancy & Staple Dry Goods, MILLINERY, HATS AND CAPS. READY-MAOE AND ORDERED CLOTHING A SPECIALTY. The Best Outfitting House in Winnipeg. EVERY INCOMING SETTLER SHOULD CALL AND EXAMINE OUR GOODS AND PRICES. Higgins, Young & Jackson. PRIHTERSls^ 1 ^ — |/"" ' C~o — .S'fPlJBLliERS' ^ ^l u KI:BC&NT]LE and.genebal m ^T EeQWEST PBMCESJS, MA SI] Cutlery Carpen Co Scythes Guns 01 Gl Cut Na Hoi H( Incomii AND THE AOIiTJJ-WEST. 71 0:^A^E,X)^W.^^B,E. mutil^ie EEtTtEli SUTHERLAND'S BLOCl^, MAIN STREET, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA, HAVE A LARGE AND WELL-ASSORTED STOCK OF Shelf and Heavy Hardware, STQVES AND TINWARE. Cutlery of the best makes. Nickel, Silver and Silver-plated Spoons and Forks. JILOEIRi' Carpenters' Tools, with a full assortment of Disston's celebrated Saws. Building Paper, tarred and plain ; Carpet Felt. Ooal 0±1 LaiXUL-ps. IE3Iai3:?-v-estj±:i2Lg Tools. Scythes, Snaths, Cradles, Forks, Hoes, Shovels, Spades, Sowitt's Renowned Files, Axes, Cross Cut Saws, Belting, Lace Leather, Soap Stone and other Packing. Manilla Rope, Deep Sea Line, Twine, Oakum, Traps, Camp Outfits. Guns of finest English makes. Cartridge Cases, Ammunition. Paints, Colours, Glue, Oils, Linseed (raw and boiled), Lard, Seal, Tanners, Lubricating, Turpentines, Japans, Varnishes, Glass, Putty. Cut Nails, Clinch Nails, Blacksmith and Carriage Makers' Supplies, Horse Nails, Horse Shoes, Carriage Springs, Axles, Cast Steel, Spring Steel, Bar, Band, Hoop Iron, Chains, Anvils, Vices, Iron Tubing, Lead Pipe, Grindstones, Incoming settlers are advised to examine our goods and prices. Out-fitting a Specialty. We are also prepared to manufacture all articles of tinware on the premises. MULHOtLAND BROTHERS. i 72 GUIDY TO MANITOBA THE CITY DRUG STORE, ^VHOLESALE & KETA.1L^. The LARGEST, PUREST, and MOST ATTRACTIVE STOCK of DRUGS, CHEMICALS, TOILET and FANCY ARTICLES, in the PROVINCE of MANITOBA. A Full Assortment of WYETH'S ELEGANT. Kept in Stock. LUBIN'S PERFUMES AND SOAPS, OOLGALE & CO.'S PERFUMES AND SOAPS, ATKINSON'S PERFUMES AND SOAPS. DUNCAN FLOCKHART'S Chloroform, Chlorodyne, Syrup Phos. Co. &c. Tilden & Oo.'s II. Extracts, Pills, Elixirs, Extract of Malt, &c. GRAY'S SYRUP, RED SPRUCE GUM, &C. PATENT MEDICINES and DRUGGISTS' SUNDRIES to Traders and Dealers at as low figures as can be purchased in the Eastern Markets. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. S. VS^. TROTT & CO., 271, MAIN STREET, WINNIPEG, MA. AND THE NORTH-WEST. 73- MACAULAY & JARYIS, Manufacturers of and Dealers in PINE LUMBER ? ALSO LATHS, SHINGLES, PICKETS, FENCING, PROPRIETORS OF Saw Mills at Winnipeg and Rat Portage. NOTRE DAME STREET, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA. Settlers will find it to their advantage to call and see us- 71 GUIDE TO MANITOBA JOHN HAVERTY, PROPRIETOR, ^ MAIN STREET WINNIPEG, THIS House has been finished and fitted up ia first-olass style, and is now open to the public. Its situation is the fin ^^t in the city, being close to the steamboat "anding and within easy distance of the principal business houses. Particular attention paid to commercial n?"n and tourists, and satis- faction guaranteed both as to price and accommodation. '■'*i«l ■ l> Hill r^'A^;v?H '!> T^ l>!t®. -^1 --' — '--<:^f^-!^Trri,^^^- vV^ -♦.' ^~ :y.. ^\ ll^\ If ». ■Xh ^'/VvA TSvS ^^V. \ 4» , , ■ nmiu-ojfs; ) n i M i M i n >ii n i n i n i' n tT Baund«rie* o^ C^.... ia- __. 'lj'\n tf vfAePiwiTws: . U Steamboat LiafS. ——•-.—.-._— 1."- SCAie OF MILES 'i>»e fnuIanJ-T.J'ho^aph.'c Co-Marvlreai. A_ MANITOBA, California and Minnesota. Th'» Hliortt'Bt, flftfi'st, iiuiiikott, ami most conifi)ital)li> routes aro thono owned liy the (Ihicngo and Northweaterii llivilway Coinpany. Jt owim nearly two thousand milcH of the liest road there ia in tlio ci)\intry. Auk any ticket a^font to hIiow v'>>i Jt** nia|w and tinu- cards. Bay y.mrtickot«ruttliei:JlICAO() AND NoHTHWESTEKN RAILWAY for s^A-iN" :fe,.a.d^cisoo, Sacramento, Oi^den, Salt fjake f'ity, C'hctyunno, Denver, Omaha, liincoln, (,'ouncil Blnflfn, Yank- ton, Sioux tUty, Dul)U(iiio, Winona, St. I'inii, Wiiinipe'', St. Boniface, Dninth, ]SIari|uottu, Green Hay, Odikosh, NIadiHon, Milwaukee, and all i)ointn West or Northwent of Chicago. Oji arrival of traiiiK from East or South, trains of tlie I^HICAOO AND NOUTILWESTEUN RAILWAY leave C^H lOAGD uh follows : For Council Bluffs, Denver and California.— Two throujjh trains daily, leaving Chicago at 10.. W a.m. anepots or Stations for the reception of emigrants are provided at Quebec, Sher* bro(^, Montreal, Ottawa, Kingston, Toronto, Hamilton, London, (Ont.) and Win- ^VHi where full information will be aflbrded and prompt ansistance rendered to intending settlers by the Emigration Agents. Information as io paaaage tickets and ratea of pasaage by the various lines, can be- obtained upon application at the Office of the Grand Trunk Railway, 21 CNd htmA Street, London, B. 0. and the offices of the Ganadian Steamship Lines in Liverpool, and throughout Burapei * Te SPORTIIIEN AND EXCURSIONISTS. 11ilw«i«mbelMHd1>janxaa,«rt7nUuidthab^M,to thuwlow potato in Om Hottb-WMKvliftb* iertaU infongMMoB toMHwIripagaate at Lhrwpoal Midin lanpakaiMl ■* tteOOwattkcOnDd ciHu mrorimiioB tomuMmpa \ SI