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Prepared as I was for a cead mille/ailthe on my return, I was not disappointed ; bufc what pleased me most was the implicit confidence with which my advice was asked a" to whe1ihe» 1 would advise my countrymen to emigrate to Canada — a confi- dence I can from ail honest heart say has not been betrayed. To many, holding publio situations, to drapers' and grocers' assistants, to gentlemen without any calling, rinvariably gave the advice, do not leave Ireland for Canada ; I caauot give you any hope of si^oss ; indeed, except to those of whose success there could be no possible doutt, I did not say, go. But tradesmen, farm labourers, servant girls, and farmers, I unhesi- tatingly advised to go. I can say, with perfect trutl , I gave €ach inquirer the same advice as if he or she was a relative ; and, in consequence, I have the happy feeling that, of the thousands who acted on my advice, not one has written to say he or she was disappointed. Some newspapers and some indi- viduals have spoken of the want of love for my native lend exhibited in my zeal in the cause of emigration. While ackowledging, with gratitrude, their evidence as to my zeal in the performance of my duty ae Emigration Agent, I deny that want of love for my native land is a just coiiclusion. I yield to no man in my love for Ireland ; but I love Irishmen better than I love Irish soil. I do not believe in that sentimental love of country which would cause men to live in poverty and semi- starvation in the country of their birth, when, within ten days' sailing, there is a country in which independence can be rea- lised. I do not call such sentimental feehng patriotism or love of country ; I call it laziness. " Keep not stfuding fixed snd rooted Briskly \entt;re, .briskly roam ; Head and hand, where'er thou foot it, A id stout heart, are etiU at home. la what land the sun does visit, Brisk are we whate'er betide ; To give space for wandering is it That the world was made so wide." a If I bad not seeo the prosperity of IriBhmeu in Canada ; if I did not knoT, that they could never attain to the same position of independence in car native land, I would not advocate omi- gration. Years before tucre was any expressed intention of sending emigration agents to Great Britain and Ireland I wrote my opinion of Canada to the leading journals in Ireland, and I can refer to those letters ^s giving a much more favourable report of the country than ' anything I have said or written since my appointment as Government Emigration Agent. Sir William Wilde cannot be accused of want of patriotism or love of country. Hear what this Nationalist said at a meeting of the Civil Service Literary Societjr, held in Dublin : — >^^ ," I suppose I'ought to mention emigration, as more or less '(Stmnected with the land question. The history of the emigra- tion of nations is a grand subiect — in the consideration of the geographical distribution of civilisation throughout the world, in chronological order, from the days of MoseSj in sacred his- tory, and the populating of the States of America down to our time, by all people who, driven by circumstances of over popu- lation, or the desire for the possession of land, have had enough energy to improve their social position. Without going further into the matter, I will ask what will be the effect of the Land Bill on the small farmers and labourers ? Fixity of tenure to them means fixity in property. WiU it raise the wages of the labourer, or make the produce of the small farmer more valu- able ? I think it will have the very contrary effect ; and diflficul- ties as yet unforeseen will arise in consequence, which will only be relieved by emigration, and taking advantage of the free gift to each man of one hundred acres of land in one of the fisst countries in the world (Canada), not only socially, civilly, and politically, but religiously." Hear what Lord Llsgar, then Sir John Young, and Governor- General of Canada, said, at a banquet given to him in Toronto : " I will now speak of my tour through the Provinces of this Dominion, which-is drawing to a close. The survey which I haye been able to make of them has necessarily been cursory. I have seen much to interest and much to admire. The tone Of the addresses which were presented to me, or with which I was honoured, were, to me, a great source of satisfaction. In every thriving little village and well-kept town, as I passed from one to the other, those addresses spoke with pride of their positions and prospects, and expressed their contentment VQih. the institutions so happily established in Canada, and with the stabiUty and future prospects of the Dominion. Now, I must own, in making this tour through the country districts, I was scarcely prepared for the large number and prosperous appearance of the towns, or for the aspect of the country. I had been told of the prosperity of Canada, but I was not prepared to find 8 farming carried on with all the implements which ingenuity has discovered in late yen .a in order to abridge labour and add to the profits of farming and the supplies of the country. I was not prepared to find the farmers living in splendid brick houses, resembling the castles of landlords in Ireland. I may sum up by saying that the reality far surpassed my expectations. As to the reliance which the people generally expressed on the future fortunes of tho Dominion, I trust it will be crowned with the utmost success. I look with hope on the future, because I see all around me, in the nature of the country and the people who inhabit it, elements which are sufficient to raise sanguine and well-founded hopes. The country spreads out a vast expanse of fertility, inviting and rewarding cultivation. Lakes and rivers, of ample size, and teeming with fisheries, afford outlets and in- expensive highways to commerce ; and there are prospects of mineral wealth in various quarters, particularly of*that kind of wealth — such as coal and salt — which are most conducive to the interests of the people, and which, perhaps, in many oases, are more lucrative than mines stored with what are generally sup- posed to be tha more precious metal. You want only one more precious treasure to have all the elements for a great and glo- rious future, and that is, an energetic and intelligent popu- lation." Thes9 are disinterested, trustworthy wi^esses, whose testi- mony cannot be questioned, and in corroboration of which I give you, in this pamphlet, the letters of emigrants who emi- grated to Canada through my representations, and I ask your attention to what they say of their experience of their adopted country. As to the rival claims of the United States, read the following facts, given by official reports : — From a report of the Custom-house officers at several of the frontier ports it appears that, from January to the 1st of October, (1878), no less than Six Thousand Five Hun- dred Americans reported themselves as coming into Canada as settlers, and that the value of settlers' effects entered by them amounted to the sum of One Hundred and Fifty Thousand Dollars. Thitj fact speaks with no uncertain sound in favour of Canada as a home for Emigrants. Within five weeks of this same year over Fifteen Hundred Canadians, who had gone to the States, returned to their old homes, convinced that Canada possesses advantages superior to the neighbouring Repubho. In a letter received by this week's mail, the Canadian Go- vernment Emigration Agent at Ottawa (Mr. WeUs) writes to rae — " Large numbers of agricultural labourers are daily reach- ing here from the States, where thousands are thrown out of employment. I have provided all with immediate employment for Bo far." I hhxe tlicBC facts to f peak for tbemselveE— '« FnctB are chielB thftt winna ding, And oanna be disputed." Intending emigrants can obiain every information on applica- tion personally at my oliice, or ly letter addrchsed to 11, Clare- ^ mount Btreet, Belfatit. CHAISES FOY, Ccminissioner of Emigraiion for Puminion of Canada. Office — 11, Claremount Street, Belfast. Office Houre— From 8 a.m. until 2 o'clock p.m. ; from 3 o'clock p.m. to 9 o'ckck. December, 1873. ; ^- Q applica- 11, Clare- I) PROVII^CE OF ONTARIO. Canada. t, Belfast. ; from 3 >ti ••{■■;■/ 4 I Tee Province of Ontario is situate to tho North of tho River St. Lawrence, and of the great lakes, Ontario, Krie, Huion, and Superior. The River Ottawa, a noble stream divides it from the Province of Quebec. The soil of the country varies in different localities, but a large proportion is of the very best descriptioa for agricultural purposes ; its water communication, by nieans of the groaii lakes, is unsurpassed ; in mineral wealth 'excluding the one article, coal), it is probably equal to any part of the world, abounding as it docs in iron, copper, load, >ilver, marble, petroleunj, salt, &c., 4ilion8 : — Ist. Tho Society or individual sending out the Emigrant, In 1 ipect of whom tho payment is to b* asked, shall forwird th« Emigrants to London, or other Shipping Poit, to an Agent approved by the Government of Ontario ; or, where there i* no such Officer, to the Emigration Agent for Canada, with a certifi- cate in form, furnished on application, to any of the Emigration Agents or Societies above-mentioned, on receipt of one stamp. 2j\<\. The Agent in Europe will, when the certificate is presen- ted to him from the Society^ or individual sendin{» out tho Emi- grants, see thnt at lea^t seventy per cent, of the adult malen are of the Agricultural or Farm Labourer class ; and not more than thirty per cent. Mechanics, such aH Blacksmiths, Bricklayers, Carpenters, Cabinet Makers, Painters, Plasterers, S.-iddlers, Stone Cutters, Shoe Makers, Tailors, Tinsmiths, &o. ; and if he is satis- fied that the Emigrants so bein^ sent are of good character, aaiil suited to the wants of the Province, and in respect of whom tne Societies or individuals sending them should receive the Govern- ment allowance, he wfll endorse such CertificatQs in the manner provided for in the " Form of Ofertificate." 3rd. The Emigrant on landing at Quebec must present the en- dorsed Certificate to the Emigration Agent for Ontario, at his OfiBce, on the Wharf at Pom^ ^/ei?t, who will again endorse the Certificate, and give the Emigrant such advice and instructions as he may require. 4th. The Emigrant having reached the Agency in the Province of Ontario nearest to his intended destination, will then be provided for by the Local Agent, and sent by free pass, or otherwise, to where employment is to be had. 6th. At any time after three months from the date of the en- dorsement of the Certificate at Quebec, and on proof being fur- nished that the Emigrant has during the interval been, and still is, a settler in the Province, the Government of Ontario will pay to the Society or individual issuing the Certificate, the b' a of Six Dollars (£1 is 8d sterling) per Statute adult. every THE DOMINION GOVEHNMENT Issue orders for passage warrants at reduced rates, under certaiu conditions, of which all necessary information can be obtained on application to Charles Foy, Esq., Emigration Agent, No. 11, Claremount Street, Belfast j or to any of the Canadian Emigra- tion Agents in Europe. ^t irJi'i PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. orit THE OLIMATB. The rigor of the winter season is very much exaggerated in Europe, and so often advanced as a serious objection to the country that I shall allude to it here, to show that it is not at all what it has been represented. The climate is unquestionably th'> most healthy in North- America, and there is no European who hai resided here a year^ who does not prefer the brilliant skies and bracing cold to the- sleet and fog of some of the more populous countries of Europe, Among the population disease is unicnown, except that caused by inequality of diet or imprudent exposure to atmospheric ohinges. And those who shudder at the idea of the thermometer failing to zero, wiP °""rcely credit that the gradual annual diminution in the fall of snow, in certain parts of Canada, is a source of positive re- gret to the farmers of tliose locfllties. The snows of Quebec ai*e net so unfavourable to agriculturat opei-ations as many are inclined, very erroneously, to believe. Thanks to the winters, the soil, during f.t least five months of the year, enjoys rest and acquires that vigor which,, in Quebec,, promotes a sudden ripeness of vegetation that is unknown to a. similar degree in other countries. The cereals and fruits attain to perfect maturity, and in point of quality and quantity, the crops will compai e favourably with those of any part of the world. To support this, I will cite the testmiony of Air. James Snow- don, an enlightened farmer from the neighbourhood of Montreal, who on being examined in 1868 by a Committee of the Legislature^ proved by iue most unimpeachable statistics, that tlio averagO' yield of a well cultivated farm here equals the yield of CiC 'n Eng- land. The period during which ploughing is c .rried on in more favo- red climates, may here be shortened by our long winters, but this disadvantage is more than compensated in the excellence of our winter roads, and the great facilities which they afford in convey- ing produce to marJet, in drawing manure, and hauling out wood from the foi^est. A narration of facts bearing upon fruit culture may convey a moiC correct notipn of the adaptation of the climate to the pur- poses of agriculture, than a bare reference to monthly and ^.anual means of temperature. The Island of Montreal is everywhere distinguished for the excellent quality of its apples ; and the Island of Orbans, below Quebec, is equally celebrated for its plums. The melon and tomato acquire large dimensions, and ripen fully with us in the open air, Indian con., hops and tobacco, when grown, yield a fair return. Hemp and flax are indigenous plants, and can be cultivated to a great extent in the povince of Quebec. ■f.The summer of Quooee is equal to that of Toulouse in the south of France ; and the summer equal to that of Marseilles. Fever and ague, so terrible to settlers in H'inois, Indiana, and other States ol the American Union, cannot reach us in this Pro- vince. L^NDS FIT FOR SETTLEMENT. CosDiTiONs OF Sale — Fbee Geant^p. By the la.st report oi the Commissioner of Grown Lands, it would appear that the Government of Quebec are in a position to offer for Colonization 6,400,000 acres of lands divided into farm lots, nearly half of which are accessabie by means of good roads, and more than two-thirds of which are fib for settlement. The price of these farms varies from twenty to sixty cents per acre. The acre is a little more than the French arpent, about an eleventh, and a little less than half the hectare, being 0,404, 671 of the hectare. The conditions of sale are precisely the same for the emigrant as for the colonist or settler, and the formalities required are very simple, Whoever desires to purchase a lot of land should either person- ally or by letter apply to the Agent of the lov Jity in which he contemplates settling, and to deposit in his hands ;i fifth of the purchase money. Upon doing this, the Agent will deliver to him a conditional act of sale, bearing his official signature. The following are the principal conditions of sale : To pay one-fifth of the purchase money at the date of the sale, and the remainder in Tour equal annual instalments, with interest at 6 per cent per year ; to take poRsession of the land sold within, aix months from the date of sale, and to reside on, and occupy the same either by himself, or through others, for at least two years from the date of the said sale. In the course of the fir.st fouc years the settler must clear and place uad'»r cultivation ac least ten acres of every hundred acres held by him, and erect on his farm a habitable house of the demensions at least of sixteea feet by twenty. The sale is only considered perfect, when the foregoing conditions have been fulfilled ; and it h then ratified by means o letters 10 patent, which are granted to the settler free of charge. Tl|e-t letters patent cannot in any case be granted before the expiration of the two years of occupancy, nor until the fulfilment of all the conditions previously mentioned, even though the purchase money were fully paid in. It is the duty of the agents to give information as to the quality of the different lots of land situated in their agencies, and to sell the said lots at the prices fixed by the Government, to the first purchaser. Not more than two hundred acres may be sold to the same person ; the father of a family, however, may purchase lots for his sons. • Upon eight of our great colonization roads, every male colonist and emigrant, being at least eighteen years of age, may obtain a free grant of 100 acres. The number of acres of land at present set aside to be disposed of in free grants is 84,050 ; but the Lieutenant-(iovernor in Council may increase the quantity if found necessary. Crown Land Agents, while there remains at their disposal any of these free lots, are bound to grant a par.mit of occupation for one hundred acres to any person whoclaims thesame, pl'ovidedthe applicant has attained the age required by law. 'W ithhi ' a month from the date of this permit, the grantee should take pos- sesion of the lot ceded to him, under pain of losing all right' thereto. Before the expiry of bis fourth y«ar of occupation, if he has built a habitable dwelling on his lot, and has under cuHii vation twelve aerea of laud, the gr<»ntee may take out lettars patent free of charge, upon which he becomes absolute proprietor of his farm. In the Appendix will be found ampler details con- eerning our free grants. The clearing of our wild lands, encouraged as it is by the Government, and the earnest good-will of the people, is yearly making the most astonishing progress. We shall judge cf this ' better by the following figures: The census of 1851 fixed the number of acres under cultivation in the Province at ,3,605,157 ; that of 18G1 at 4,8()4!,825, shewing in ten years an increase of IjtfbOjOGS acres of Ian i under cultivation. To-day, without fear of contradiction, we may safely say that the number of acres of cultivated land is double what it was in 1851. The following figures are not less significant : — the extent of wild land conceded in the Townships was in ISGl, 6,696,569 acres ; at the beginning of the year 1869 the report of the Com- missioner of Crown Lands established that the quantity of land then conceded in the Townships was 8,950,953 acres, ehowing an increase of 2,254,884 acres in eight years. j,.;, The principal centres of Colonization are the valleys of the Saguenay, St. Maurice and Ottawa, to the north of tho St, Lawrence ; and the Eastern Townships, the Lower St. Lawrence and Gaspe, to the south of the St. Lawrence. 11 EASTERN TOWNSHIPS. Few sections of Canada, perhaps, offer greater inducements tO' the emi tagfes of very great importance to the farmer. The general features of the country being hilly, couplod with tha abundance of water in the lakes, rivers, and springs, afford not only sufficient moisture for the crops, but considerable wat^r power for manufacturing purposes. ; Hardwood is here to be met with everywhere, and after clear- ing, a fertile soil is found, in general friable enough, but in all cases well adapted for the cultivation of cereals and grfen crops. One of the chief causes of the rapid success which crowns the settler in the Eastern Townships, is that from these highlands, during the ^st year, he may reap a crop ; frequently even the ashes of the trees burnt to effect a clearing, help to a great extent to defray the expenses attendant upon doing so. The rich mineral deposits of the townships have within thesei few years attracted thither a consideiable population. As a grazing country, the townships are unsurpassed, and great attention is now paid to the breeding of cattle and the growing of wool. This branch of agriculture is very much encouraged, owing to the profitable markets of the United States, which are almost ' at. the doors of the farmers. "Within the laist few years the best ' breeds of sheep have been successively introduced from England; and not unfrequently at the agricultural exhibitions, in the United States, these and the horned cattle from this thriving district have carried off first prizes. Possessing the advantages of a double market, in consequence of their proximity to the frontier, many of the farmers in the townt-hipa cultivate on a large scale. In some eases the farms com- prise fi»om 100 to 600 acres. This extensive mode of farming creates H demand for agricultural labor, and gives employment to large numbers of laborers at good wages. In this district the Government owns 920,300 acres of wild land, which it is prepared to sell "t very moderate rates. The ■Mi 19 British American Lan.d Company also hold valuible lots, and private proprietors are possessed of lands here which they offer for sale on easy terms. ,;v'|, ,/ . The Government lands sell at from 60 to GO cts. per acre. In the case of loiids held by private proprietors the prices are influ- enced much by locality, by the contignity of towns or villagea^'^ by roads and acce jiblity to leading markets ; but on an averagi" the price per acre may be set down at 1 dollar. *' The settler from England, Ireland, and Scotland will find these nationalities numerously represented in the Eastern Townships. Nowhere in the Province will he b; more at home thnn in the south-west part cf this region. A portion of the inhabitants of the Eastern Townships are the descendants of the United Empire Loyalists, who came from the United States to Canada when the former separated from Great Britain and declared their Indepen- dence. Since 1818, the French Canadians, in large numbers, have thronged to this district, and already rival in wealth their forerunners in this locality. Here, as elsewhere throughout the province, tho Farmer with slender means may purchase a farm partially cleared, and the agri- cultural laborer is - ertain immediately to find work ; so also is the miner and the artisan. To capitalists also, it offers favorable investments as the agricultural, commercial and manufacturing industry of the townships, with the influx of a httle more capital, would defy competition. ^f M O I) E O F L I V I N G . "' AaBICTJLTUBF. The great bulk of the rural population live by agfriculture ; r manufacturing being principally, if not altogether, confined to the cities. The extent of the farms, generally, is in the seigniories thit border on the St. Lawrence, 90 arpents ; those situated in tho townships average about 100 acres. On a farm of this size, an industrious agriculturalist raises sufficient to live in a condition of ease unknown to the European peasant, supports hia family comfortably, and is enabled from his savings, as his children grow up, to est^'.blish them in life. The greater portion of the rural population weave from the wool of their own sheep, the tweed or frieze with which they make the clothes used by them when working. There was a time, still of recent date, when the agriculturaligt deemed it an honor, on feasts and holidays, to wear the fabrications of his own loom. Ihere are still cerfiain localities in whi'^h has been persevered in that sweet primitive simplicity, under the shadow- of which flourishes the contentment and artlessnoss of the good old times. 18 The summer season is devoted to field labor, in which the whole family take purt. During the winter months, while the male portion of the family are occupied thrashing the grain and attend- ing the cattle, a'ad seeincr to the firewood required frr the house, t!ie female part remain indoors, preparing the linen and woollen fabrics required for domestic use. In tie seignories where the farmb are on an average woith from 2,000 to 4',000 dels., the number of farmers who can establish their children around them on farms is comparatively limited, and in this there is little room ior astonishment, when it is remembered that the number of children in one family ranges from 10 to 15. In such cases the father of the family deems it wiser to sell his farm and betake himself to a lot purchased by him at a purely nominal r.ite from the Crown Lands Department. Through the means of his capital, in a few years, he becomes onco more the possessor of a magnificent tract, which at his option he may divide among his children. Again it is the sons, who, aif'{,\J by the savings of their father, leave their native parish to carvfe out for themselves on our public lards magnificent farms, and within a few y» ars after their departure they generally revisit the old parish, to select from among its maidens a companion for lite. Again whole families weighted- down by misery and debt leave the villages and parishes along the St. Lawrence, to seek in the forest more comfort and better days, which, if they are thrifty, they never fail to obtain. It is thus that flock to the townships the surplus popnlation of the older settlements, and in this way alsp is becoming daily more extended the agricultural industry of the Pro- vince. The inhabitants of the townships, in general, less attached to a particular locality than the population of the older settlements, voluntarily give up their clearings when they get a fair remu- neration. A settler in the townships will have cleared, say a fourth or half of his farm when a purchaser presenting himself, makes a favourable ofier, — it is accepted without more ado, and 'he woods- man, going further into the woods, begins again a new clearing, which, Hs before, he is prepared to sell when a favourable oppor- tunity offers. 'Ihe first crops, after clearing being extremely abundant, there are many person?, as previously remarked, who make it a profit- able business to clear lands, in which within a very short time they become extremely expeit, and, to all appearances, take great pleasure in their career as woodsmen. The emigrant intending to settle in this Province would find it advisable to purchase one of these partial cleai ings, rai her than attempt the task himself ut the outset. For the »um of 600 or GOO do lars there are many farms of 100 acres to be had, l6 or 20 acres of which are fit for cultivation. For this sum, with the farm, 14 he will also become possessed of a house, which, though roughly- constructed, is not uncomfortable, and which will prove amply BufiBcicnt as a residence for him for a few years. Upon the por- tion of land cleared, he may raise sufficient grain for the susten- ance of his family and himself, and if ho be stout of heart, within a very short time the ease and comfort which will blesa hia labors will make him forg( t the vicissitudes of his earlier career. THE GREAT NORTH WEST. It is now beyond question that a vast country of extraordinary fertility occupies the central portion of British North American North- Wefjt terrrilory. Until recently these remote regions wera unexplored. The Hudson Bay Company kept hidden their knowledge of the country. The importance of this addition to •the Canadian Provinces of the great North-West territory can- not be over-rated. The existence of this wide Red River country and of the fertile belt of tbe North- West renders practicable the opening o*" a direct route from the Pacific to the Atlantic for thia extensioL^f the Japan and China trade. The Hudson Bay and North-West territories may be divided into three great sections : — First, the barren, frost-bound, Polar North ; second, eastward of Red River a large region of lakes, swamps, disjointed strearps, dense woods, and wilderness of rock, full of ore, extending beyond Lake Superior; third, the fertile region of plains, extending West of Red River for 1,000 miles, to the base of the Rocky Mountains: the country destined to be the granary of the Dominion. The country contained in this last division is of vast extent. From its eastern boundary, the Lake of the Woods, to the Sources of the Saskatchewan in the West, it stretches 880 miles. Its breadth, reckoned from the British boundary line, latitude 49° to 60° north, is 760 miles. It includes an area of 480,000 square miles — an extent of country equal to that of Great Britain, France, and Prussia united. The greater proportion of the land appears to be well fitted for cultivation. Many great districts possess a richnebs of soil unparalleled. The region of flowing plains, that may be called the basin of Lako Winnipeg, was once probably a vast inland sheet of water. Its elevation above the sea is inconsiderable, rarely rising to 1,000 feet. The soil is a fine alluvial deposit or frequently a black vegetable compost. Roots, vegetables, melons and certain fruits grow with an extraordinary luxuriance. Good crops of barliy, oats, and rye> are raised even by the poorest skill where any »it» tempt at farming has been made. Wheat will yield fifty bushels no the acre. AH the rivers from the British boundary line flow northward. The whole country inclines that way. Lakes Athabasca aui I % / IS (1^ isin of I water. 1,000 black fiuHs jarl^y, nt kus Uels Winnipeg at the north and north-east of this division are estima- ted at but 600 feet above the sea. The effect of tins depriSBiou of level on the climate is very great, and wholly favourable. The rigoar of a northern winter is mitigated. The increneed heat of summer rapidly ripens «ll grain. In Red River and other districts horses and cattle keep in good oonditition through the winter without shelter. No snow drifts occur to impede railway communication ; only 18 inches of snow fall. The natural system of water communication existing through this country will prove of immense service in facilitating^ its settle- ment and in developing its resources. Close together in the Rocky Mountains, about two hundred miles frum the United States boundary line, two streams have their lise, flowing east. One bends somewhat to the north, the other much to the south. At five hundred miles from th.,.- starting point they meet, each having run about eight hundred miles. One bends somewhat to the north, the other much to the south or main branch of the Great Saskatchewan. The river is a thousand feet wide at the junction of its branches, and flows on east two hun- dred and eighty miles further, and falls into Lake Winnipeg. A natural highway west and east is provided through the country. There is no doubt that for ^rain and heavy produce water com- municalion will be used even after the construction of railways. Vast beds of coal lie exposed on the banks of the Saskatchewan, two hundred and fifty miles from its mouth, in readiness for Bteamers; woods abound, marshes wait to be drained, and vast reaches of fertile prairie attend the coming of the husbandman, The great sheet of water into which the Saskatchewan flows- — Lake Winnipeg-^will prove of imoiense value in the water com- mnnication of this country. It lies north and south, with a length of two hundred and eighty miles, and a breadth varying between six and sixty. Its area is said to be over eight thousand square miles. It empties itself northward by navigable rivers into the Hu(Json Bay. At a southern bend of this lake the waters of the Winnipeg river flow in, alter a course of fivehuuored miles from the east. The volume of this river is m^ire liias.. double that of the Rhine. In its turn this river communicates with the Lake of the Woods, Raitiy River (whose banks are singularly fertile and beautiful) Rainy Lake, the River Seine, and the lovely Lac des Mille Lacs, within forty miles of Lake Superior. Various locks on the way and a tram-road or railway over this forty miles will complete the direct communication between the Rocky Moun- tains and the settled provinces of Canada. From Lake Superior canals and great lakes, and the magnificent St. Lawrence, pre- sent an open route to the Atlantic and the Old World. The future will see a water-highway, crowded with commerce from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the foot of the Rocky Mountains, a distance of ihfee thousand miles across the contiuent. 16 Two large steams, the Assinihoine and the Red River, uniting at Fort Gurry, flow into Winnipeg from the south. Bach of them runs a course of live hundred miles through a soil of ei^treme fertility, which one day will produce au enormous supply of grain for the European markets. Lake Winnipeg is hot one of several sheets of water lying to- gether and connected by open waters. Winnipeg signifies in the Indian, the dirty or rather turbid watqfs. The lake and river owe this nauie to the rich mud which tinctures their waters. The Ked River has its name from its similar appearance. West of "Winnipeg lies its diminutive lake, Winnipegoos. South-west lies the fine lake of Manitoba, which gives its name to the new pro- vince. The Indian has chosen the title from the thunderstorms that disturb its waters. It signifies " The God who speaks." There is little doubt that the Ked River country will be the first to rQceive a hr^e Immigration of settlers. The fame of its history, ard the number of its already known advantages, will secure it the first preference. The peculiarity of the Red River farmtr is to throw all his manure into the river it is his way of getting rid of a nuisance. To save himself trouble, however, he adopts sometimes another expedient. He piles his cattle dung around his roughly built log barn and stables till the light is shut out and the wood has rotted to tottering ; then he makes a sudden escape from the accnmulated filth by raising new frame building, or possibly by removinj^ to some fresh tract of land. He can pre- sent, however, one single excuse for his nejilect of valuable manure — the whole soil consists of a rich compost. The soil is a rich black, vegetable compost, a foot deep ou the Red River prairies, and two or three feet, and sometimes more, at the portage on the Assiniboine, and in many other localities. The subsoil is gene- rally a light clay. Boulders of limestone and granite occur cQiiistantly along the banks, of the rivers, and in the dry gullies of the prairies, formed by storms and the melting of the snow in spring. Limestone crops out in masses in various places on the prairie. An Ontario farmer, a recent settler, gave the following parti- culars of bia last crop. His farm has a depth of fourteen feet of loam. From a field which had been planted with wheat for twenty years ^u succession, he raised, without manure, a crop of wheat of fifty bushels to the acre. Barley gave as much ; oata, more. He h&d turnips from fifteen to nineteen pounds. His potatoes yielded enormous returns, many of them weighed front two to tiiiree pcunde. He grew excited at the thought of his vegetables. His peas, beans, cauliflowers, celery, cairois, citron, and melons grew with lavibh luxurinnce that amazed him. "You conld not crowd a cabbage into a flower barrel" he said. "The Bu;>ar beet here will make fortunes for many manufacturers" he went on, "and for the culture of flax the country is without a 17 rival." Ilia wheat was marve'lous, " every grain as big as a little pea." In the minntes oi evi<^oi:ce respecting the character of this country, taken before a Select coratnifctee of the Senate of Ottawa, in the year 1870, statement' similar to the following were made : — ' I have seen a crop come off the same land for twenty- five years," says one of the settlers examined. " I have known farmers who have threshed their wheat and got thirty-five bushels to one, during the last year, and that was not a season year for ripening. I have seen one grain of wheat make fifty-five heads. About sixty-five or sixty-six pounds is the average weight. Hemp grows taller than myself. " I had an estimate made up last year," says another, " and my opinion was that of all the cereals we had not less than twenty returns for every bushel sown in the w' ole r antry. These wild prairie lands present advantages beyond all countries in the world for stock-raising." Fields of graivi may be raised here a mile, or ten or a hundred miles square, without a hill or river, or even a stone to obstruct the furrow of the plough. For stock breeding this country, and perhaps still more, the Sasicntchewan, offers extraordinary advan- tages. It is the natural Sutac of the buffalo. Tlio natural grasses are good, the horses and cattle find pasture all through the year. For railways all that is needed is to throw up a couple of trenches to carry of rain and melted snow. From Fort Garry right up to the summit of the Rocky Mountain pas^, a distance of a thousand miles, the line can be laid down with as much speed as the rails and ties can be brought along the route. To make up for the Fcarcity of timber for building materials, the shores of Lake Winnipeg have a plentiful supply of excellent granite and stone, and there are also extensive beds of clay suitable for biick. A vigorous stream of immigration, giving new blood, enterprise, and healthy ambition, is what the settlement alone needs to make it one of the most prosperous countries on the face of the earth. The Red River settlement is distant from Toronto about ten days* journey by railway and steamer. Fare — first class, 40 dols, (£8 stg.) ; second class, 24 dols. (about £5 stg.) BRITISH COLUMBIA. Fbom its position, British Columbia commands not only the trade of the western continent of America, and the islands of the Pacific, but also that of the Trans- Pacific countries. It has a sea coast extending 500 miles in a straight line, with a labyrinth of islands along its whole length, forming innumerable harbours, inlets, and canals, together with the rivers which empty into them, teeming with fish — salmon, sturgeon, mackerel, cod, herring, halibut, and B 18 ■whales. These fislieries are a source of wealth at present, totally undeveloped, except a eiuall beginning in whale fisherj. The forests of British Columbia extend all along the coasts and river courses, and are of vast extent ; the timber of excellent quality, their close proximity to water-carriage make them most valuable for shipbuilding and lumbering purposes. From official returns for 1869, it appeals that in that year lumber, amounting in value to 250,000 dols., was exported. The coal fields of British Columbia are of vast extent. In Vancouver's Island bituminous coal is plentiful. In If^GO Vane uv^jr'e Island exported 125,000 dols. worth of coal fo San-Francisco. In (^ueen Charlotte's Island large deposits of anthracite coal have been discovered. British Columbia exported in 1809 — of furs and hides 201,000 dols. worth. Minerals of almost every description abound. '1 he gold ex:- ported in 1807 amount*. d to a million and a-half of dollars ; and there are besides silver, iron, copper, leed, and many other minerals of less importance. l"uilding matoiials, to', abound ; as lime, marble, freestone, slate, cement, tic. 'I he fertile belt extending Jor twelve hundred miles in length, and two hundred in breadth, is the most valuable portion of land on the American Continpnt. The soil is fertile beyond measure, the climate is temperate, the lakes and streams abound with fiph, game is abundant, an I mine^ rals are plentiful. A condition of the union of British Columbia •with the Dominion, is that a railway shall be constructed througu this country. Ihus another railway will not only join the eajt with the west, but will also throw open a. new home for those whb', in older countries, can acquire neither house nor land. NOVA SCOTIA. The Province of Nova Scotia in British North America, is cotii nected with New Brunswick by a narrow Isthmus about lO miles wide its area is about 300 miles in length by lOO miles in widthjat its widest part, containing about 10,000,OOU acres, about one-fifth part of which consists of lakes and small riveis. Of thd whole ex- teut about 6,000,000 acres of land are fit for tillage. The sea-coast is very rough, rugged and rock -bound, and tra- vellers who have seen the coast only, or have stopped au hour or two at Halifax, can form nol^aa of the Beauty and fertility of the interior of the country. As a home for the better class of emigrants. Nova Scotia pos- sesses many advantages over all the other North American Pro* vinces ; but it is no place for paupers, there are now as many- labourers of the lower cl.ass as employmen' can be found for. JEiH^ ployers are as much wanted as Employes in the cbuhti^r ; good farmers, manufacturers, fishertnen, miners, &e., would do well. As all| the counties have a frontage on the sea, fi'hing aud 'ship- building arc carried on to a ctertiiin extent in all^ while in th<» 19 counties best adapted to the prosecution of the lntter business the people engage in farming on a small scale ; also, Annapolis takes the first rank for fruit growing uid general agriculture, Kings and Hants second ; Lunenburg, Colchester, Pictou, Cumberland, and Antigonish, for general farming, second ; bat they are not good fruit producing districts. Antigonish is a splendid grazing county well adapted to dairy farming, and even now does a thriving busi- ness in butter and fat cattle with Newfoundland. In Annapolis and Kings counties all the best kinds of northern fruits are grown in perfection — apples, pears, quinces, plums, cherries, Ac, are easily cultivated ; peaches, grapes, and apricots are grown in the open air in many parts of both counties ; but not for market, only in the gardens of private gentlemen for their own use. All the small fruits, such as currants, gooseberries, raspberries, blackberries, and strawberries, are abundant, both in a wilJ state and cultivated, and arc very cheap. In grain — wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat and Indian corn, or maize, are each a sure crop. Pbtatoes, turnips, beets, carrots, parsnips, beans and peas, squa>h, pumpkins, melons, tomatoes, ly himBulf with befuro leaving Europe in money ; some kinds of clothing may be a shade cheaper in Britain than they are here, but that would not make a diaerenco in a man's 'Utfit of more than a few shillings, or, at most, of a pound or i o, if he requires a large supply. italifax, in the County of Halifax, the capital of the Province, is a city of about 35,000 or 40,000 inhabitants, and contains a mixed population of English, Scotch, and Irish. It has the proper proportion of churches (of all denominations of Christians), school- houses, hospitals, ar.d other charitable institutions and asylums ; and although the most of the houses are built of wood, there are many handsome stone and brick ediiicos, both public and private, which are quite equal in style and finish to those of larger cities in other and older countries. The harbour of Halifax is the finest in America. The Allan line of steam f)ackcts sail direct to and from Live-pool. They frequently make the trip across the Atlantic in eight days. Halifax will be the termini of the Pacific Hallway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific. Nova Scotia is therefore the most accessible of all the British Colonies. Nova Scotia ooutains a population of about 370,000, and is steadily increasing. The climate is, at least, as healthy as any in the world ; the summer is warmer, and the winter somewhat <:older than in England. In Halifax and the Eastern Countieii the mercury seldom rises in summer above 86 degs. in the shade, and in winter it is not often down to zero. In the interior, say in the Annapolis valley, the winter is about the same, but the summer is considerably warmer, although, owing perhaps to the dryness of the atmosphere, the heat is not oppressive. The Province exports lumber, fish, coal, iron, gold, building stone, gypsum, and general produce ; and imports West India produce and European and American manufactures. The exports amount to about 9,000,000 dols, and the imports to 12,000,000 dols. annually. The Province owns more shipping in proportion to the number of inhabitants than any other coun- try ; and Nova Scotia built ships may be found in every] port in the world. Wild lands may be obtained from the Government for about Is 9d. sterling per acre, but they are mostly covered with timber. It takes six or seven years to cut down the trees, eradicate the stumps from the land, and bring it under cultivation, and it is really more profitable to purchase five acres of land already under the plough than one hundred acres of forest land. A farm of one hundred, or even fifty acres, is quite large enough for any industrious and practical farmer. As a islieep-raising cotintry there is perhnps no better looality in America, notwithstanding which there is not a single she^^ farm in the Province, and perhaps not one regularly bred shepherd. Every farmer keeps a few sheep ; bnt the fiocks are seldom taken proper care of^ A number of thorough-bred shepherds, who would introduce the best breeds of sheep, both in wool-producing aad for mut n, would in a very few years make u small fortune. There is a great deal of land suitable for the purpose in every county ; and even among the wild lands there are large tracts of open, rough pasture, that might be capable of maintaining vast flocks of sheep at vei*y little expense. A good opening is presented in Nova Scotia for the establish- ment of manufactures of woollen and cotton goods; the climate is well adapted, and the facilities for obtaining the raw material, and for converting it into marketable manufactured goods, are equal to any in Europe, and the market for them is quite exten- sive enough, as the Provinces, called now the Dominion of Canada, contain a population of four millions of people, whose wants are at present supplied mostly by European manufactures. As a home for farmers of small means, and for half-pay officers or others with limited incomes, ^^his country presents great ad- vantages. Education is fiee to the children of all classes, and although the people are taxed for the maintenance of the schools, general taxation is not by any means as great as it is in England or* Scotland. House rent in the country is moderate, and pro- visions «f all kinds are cheap, at the same time that they afford • reiriunepative prices to the farmer. It pays a farmer better iu this country to raise' beef or mutton for 3d or 4d per \\. than it dees in England or Scotland at 6d, for the simple reason that be does not have to pay an enormous rent for his farm as he does ia Britain. Its nearness to Europe, and the facilities for rapid coramu nication with the Mother Gountry is one advantage which should not beoverlooked by intending emigrants ; its exceedingly healthy climate is another, while thefruitfulnessof the soil, and the extent and variety of th^' natural resources of the country, offer induce- mentp to emigrants which are quite unequalled elsewhere. PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. The Government of Now Branswidc propose to provide at the next Session of the Legislature, that every Head of a Family oou- taiuiug Children under eighteen years of age, can ob^aiu, on con- dition of settlement a Free Grant of Two Huadred Acrea of the finest farming land, andiany Male person over eighteen years of age, ou condition of set'lemont, can obtain a Free Grant of Ono Hundred Acres, In case of death after occupation a Grant to issue immediately to the personal representatires. .• -.r- Registers of the Li^onr Market and of improved farms for sale, are kept Ai the Immigration Ap;cncies in the Province, and ar« i*angeuient3 are made for directing Immigrants to those pointB •where employment can be most readily obtained. Farmers and Agricultural Labourers are specially needed in New Brunswick. Artisans of all kinds and Labourers can also command remunera- tWe' wages. New Brunswick borders on the Province of Nova Scotia and Quebec, and the Stato of iMaine (one of the United States of America), aud is, with Nova Scotia, nearer Europe than any of the populated portion of the Continent, of America. It is largjp than Belgium and Holland united, and nearly two-thirds as large as England. It is 210 miles in length and ISO miles in breadth, and ha'i a coast-line of about 500 miles, indented with various bays and inlets, and is intersected in every direction with large navigable river". It is generally a flat or undu'ating country. On its nor^h-east coast, fr> m the Bay Ohaleur to the boundary of Nova Scotia — 200 miles — there i-* hardly a hill exce ding 800 feet in height. Tliere are some elevated land skirtini^ the Bay of Pundy and the river St. John, but the only section of a moun- tainous character is that bordering on the Province of Quebec oa the north, where the country is beautifully diversified by ovaU topped hills, ranging from 500 to 800 feet in height, clothed with lofty forest trees almost to their summit, and surrounded by fertile valleys and table-lands. CLIMATE. In New Brunswick the summeria warmor and the winter colder iltan in England, the ranges of temperature being, in the intei-ior, from 92 degs. above zero to 18 degs. below zero (Fahrenheit). The whole number of days, however, in which the temperature is below zero rBrely exceeds twenty It rarely happens that mo'e than four days occur together when the mercury is below zero at all. There are generally in the course of the winter three or four periods, lasting two or three days each, when the weather is very cold, and these occur at the same time over the whole breadth of America, from tbe Atlantic to the Pacific. These periods occur towprds the close of December, in the middle of January, and early in February. B'itween them are thaws^ occasional rains and warm sunny days, during which the average range of the jnercury is from 10 degs. to 40 degs. above zero. In the three winter months of 1860, the average temperament was 22 degrees above zero. In general, the winters are pleasant^ aud a few days of extreme cold are nothing in compjiiison with the average amount of fine weather. People living in New .Brunswick do not suffer m^re, or to much, from cold as thosp who live in Great Britain and other countries where ♦^inters are more humid, and the temperature less steady. AU 24 bnainess is cairiod on as actively in winter as in summer, and the people do not wear more or different clothing than that worn in England and the rest of Northern Europe. COURSE OF THE SEA PONS. The winter is fairly established at Christmas. In January, as in the other North American colonies, there ii the usual thaw ; in February there is the deepest Ciuow, which seldom exceeds two feet ; in March the sun acquires much power and the snow begins to melt. Tlie snow disappears early in April, and Spring plough- ing commencv. • saed time continues according to the season, from the last week in April until early in May. In June the apple trees are in full blossom. In July wild strawberries of fine flavour are ripe and abundant ; baying then begins. In August early potatoes are brought to market, as also raspberries and other wild fruits In September, oats, wheat, and other cereal grains are ready for the sickle; these are generally secured before October. The Autumn is long, and the weather is thm delicious. This is decidedly the most pleasant portion of the year. Tbere are usually heavy rains ia November, but when not wet the 'veather is fine and pleasant. The rivers generally close during the latter part of this month, and by the middle of December winter again fairly sets in. The number of days during which rain impedes the operations of the British farmer is notoriously very great ; but in New Bruns- wick the climate is iiiore stead,v and equable. Rains do not so frequently fall. Indeed, the snow of New Bru'i3wlck is only one- half as heavy or wet as that of England, it requiring seventeen inches of snow to average, when melted, one inch of water ; while in England nine inches of snow average, when melted, one inch of '^ater. Theoperationaof ^ae New Brunswick farmers are therefore less impeded by rain than the English farmer, ji iid t^ero are more days in which he can profitably work out-of-doMS ; while the action of winter upon the soil by raising up and 8ep;iiating the particles, is eich as materially to lessen the labour necessary to bring it into a proper state of tillage. An Ay rshir j farmer settled in New Bruns- wick, whohe long experience of Scottish agriculture eniitles his opin-on to much weight, says : '• The frost leaves the land in a very friable state, and in better order for greer< crops than any number of ploughings done in wii.t,er could make ir. On this account, I believeapair of horses could work as much land hero, under a given rotation (notwith- sbandiiig the shorter season), as they do in Scotland." The manner in which all root crops thrive is remarkable, and the frost, by opening a»d pulvcri-tiug the soil, is one of the agents by which the large product is brought about. The climate is also well dftpted to th < roariug of cattle. With proper care they not 26 only winter well but gain size and flesh. Even in Rescigouche, the most northerly county in New Brunswick, the climate is, by reason of its dryness, less severe upon stock than in Great Britain. Large numbers of cattle are raised yearly for the United States markets. All the fruits generally found in England are grown in New Brunswick, especially apples, peari, piums, cherries, currants, gooseberries, and strawberries. The potatoes, of which the "land yields 226 bushels to the acre, are superior to any in America. Of wheat, the average produce to the acre is 20 bushels^; of barley, 29 Bushels ; oats, '34 bushels ; buckwheat, 33 bushels ; of rye, 30 bushels ; of Indian corn, 41 bushels ; of potatoes, 226 bushels, or 6i tons ; of turnips, 456 bushels, or 13^ tons. WHA.T STRANGERS SAT. Major Robinson, R.B., who, in J 845, explored the Province under direction of the British Government, thus describes the Province in his Report to the Imperial Parliament : — " Of the climate, soil, and capabilities of New Brunswick, it is impossible to speak too highly. There is not a country in the world 80 beautifully wooded and watered. An inspect'on of the map will show that there is scarcely a section ofit without its streamB, from the running brcok up to the navigable river. Two-thirds of its boundary is washed by the sea ; the remainder Is embraced by the large rivets, the St. John and Restigouche. For beauty and richness of scenery this latter river and its branches are not sur- passed by anything in Great Britain. The lakes in New Bruns- wick are numerous and most beautiful ', its surface is undulating, hill and dale varying to the mountain and valley. The country can anywhere be penetrated by its streams. In some parts of the interior, by a portage of three or four miles, a canoe can be floated either to the Bay Chaleur or down to bt. John, on the Bay of Fundy." Some years ago, Professor Johnston, F.R.S. of England, the author of works on agricultural chemistry, was invited to visit New Brunswick, fortbe purpose of examining and reporting on the soil and agricu'taral capabilities of the Province. In his report he concludes : — 1. That the soil of New Brunswick is capable of producing food for a population cf from five to six millions. 2. That in the capability of growing all the common crops on which man and beast mainly depemJ; the whole Province of New Brunswick, tiken together, exceeds even the favoured fieneseo Valieyand the southera shores of Lake Ontario, in the state of New York, and, exceeding New York in productiveness, it will exceed all the states of New England ; and if, as appears^from agri- C'ultaral returns, it will bear a favoucrtbl.) comparison even with 2e Ohio and with Upper Canada (Ontario), it becomes doubtfal how far, on the whole, ihe Western States are superior to it. ^^.^ ^j{j 3. That the climate is an exceedingly healthy one, and that it; does not prevent the soil from producing crops which other thiags being equal, are not inferior, either in quantity or q-iality, to those of average soils of England. From very accurate tables, compiled by Professor Johnston, it appears that the soil of New Brunswick yields to the acre, on the average a higher number of bushels of wheat, barley, oat.s, ry, buckwheat, Indian corn, potatoes, and turnips, and a higher average weight per bushel, than either New York or Ohio, two of the finest of the United States. In fact, it may be stated that at the London and Paris Exhibitions, New Brunswick took the first prize for oats, the weight being fifty-seven pounds to the bushel. As a consequence, the New Brunswick farmer is con- tented and prosperous. Archbishop Connolly, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Nova Scotia, speaking of New Brunswici*, said — " He had spent years in Italy, had been twice in France, he knew every county in Ireland, and had seen most of England and many other countries — but ho never saw any other country teem- ing with greater d,bundance of everything necessary for the susten- ance of man ; no country so highly endowed by Providence with beauty and fertility than New Brunswick appeared to him to be when On his visitation ; during the summer season he travelled through various distticts, and saw on every side fields of potatoes, and corn, and vegetables, such as could nowhere be exceeded, and the people in a corresponding degree comfortable, happy, and independeni." Magregor m his work on British America, speaking of thie forests, says : — " It is impossible to exaggerate the beauty of these forests-—' nothing under heaven can be compared to its effulgent grandeur* Two or three frosty nights in the decline of Autumn transform the boundless verdure of a whole empire into every possible tint of bril- liant scarlet rich violet, every shade of blue and brown, vivid crimson, aad glittering yellow. The stern, inexorable fir trees alone main- tain their eternal sombre green, all others, on mountains or in valleys, burst into the most splendid and .nost enchanting pano- rama on earth." MINERALS. Coal is abundant, although in thin seams ; and antimony, copper, iron, manganese, and other valuable minerals are found iu considerable quantities. NEW BRUNSWICK AS A MARITIME COUNTRY. Situate on the sea, with forests of the finest ship timber, New Brimswick has always been pre-eminently a ship-building country. ryp «7 and in every market attd in* every port her ships have a well-known character for strength, durability, workman-like finish, and model. Forraerly the ships in New Brunswick, in some years amounfc'ng to 80,000 tons, were sfetit to the English markets for sale, where they commanded the highest rates of vessels oi their class. But of late years the people of the Province have built almost entirely for themselves, owning and running the vessels on their own accovint, thus largely adding to their wealth and to the growth of all the industries usually attendant upon the active prosecution of znarilime pursuits. The effect of this is that the Dominion of Canada, of which New Brunswick is one of the two maritime provinces, is to-day the /ourth maritime power of the world. The tonnage of the four largest maritime powers in 1809 was a» follows :— Great Britain, 6,516,434 tons ; United States, 4,318,309 tons; France, 1,042,811 tons; Dominion of Canada, 899,096 tons. But in proportion to population, the Dominion of C'anada owns irore tonnage than any country in the world. TRADE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. In 1870 the exports and imports of New Brunswick amounted to 1^,157,653 dollars ; in 1871, they amounted to over thirteen Inillions of dollars. In 1370, the exports and imports of the Dominion amounted to one hundred and forty-five millions of dol- lars. New Brunswick has a direct trade in fish and lumber with Great Britain and other countries of Europe, with South America^ the West Indies, and United States. MANUFACTURES. The manufacturing interest of the Province has been greatly stimulated during the past few years. Establishments for the ma- nufacture of woollen and cotton goods, boots and shoes, leather, lumber, furniture, carriages, doors, sashes, staves, paper, soap, agricultural implements, stoves, naih, steam engines, locomotives, &c., &c., are in successful operation, and yearly multiplying, giving employment directly and indirectly to thousands. The light pres- sure of fiscal burdens, in comparison with the United States, stimulates the manufacturing industries of New Brunswick. EDUCATION. New Brunswick devotes annually out of^the provincial revenues 120,000 dollars to educational objects. The educational institu- tion? supported by law are — a Provincial University, a Training or Normal School for teachers, and a system of common schools, ranging from the primary to the grammar or high school depart- ment. The common schools &rQfree to all, being supported from the Provincial revenue, and by rate upon the entire property of the country. 28 WAGES AND TAXATION. Farm servants receive from 10 dols. to 16 dolj. a-montb by the year, with board ; female servants, from 4 dols. to 6 dols. a-month "with board ; lumbermen, from 18 /.ols. to 26 dols. per month, with board ; farm labourers, from 75 cents, to 1 dol. 25 cents a-day, with board ; bricklayers, plasterers, and masons, from 2 dols. to 3 dols. a-day ; carpenters, from one dol. 60 cents to 2 dols. 25 cents ; painters, from 1 dol. 50 cents to 2 dols. ; bakers, 1 dol. 20 cents ; millwrights, 2 dols. ; shipwrights, 1 dol. 20 cents to 1 dol. 50 cents; saddlers, 1 dol. 25 cents to 1 dol. 75 cents ; tanners, 1 dol. 20 cents to 1 dol. 60 cents. Labourers on the River du Loup and In- tercolonial Railways, receive 1 dol. 10 cants a-day all the year ; and the River da Loup Railway Company also give grants of ex- cellent land along the railway to those who work for one, two, or three years. The above wages are, with reasonable cost of liv- ing, higher than the wages in the United State!*, which, although nominally high, are, by reason of the depreciated value of United States currency, the high cost of living, and the heavy taxes, really less remunerative than those in New Branswick. The taxation in New Branswick amounts to about 3 dels. 65 cents per head. In the United States it amounts to five times as much, or about 18 dols. per head. One dollar New Brunswick currency equals 4s. 4d. sterling. The New Brunswick cent, of which there are 100 to the dollar, and the English half-penny, are almost identical in value. S9 MONEY TABLE. Stbelino Mottbt in Ca-nadiuj Cdrrenct. be th th 3 b: ts; 20 a- IX- or V- :ed es, 65 as ok of ire Sterling Money. Its value La dollars Canadian Its value in and cents. Currency. sterling Money. £ S. D. DOLS. 0T8. DOffi. CTS. £ B. D. 1 02 01 Oi a 04 02. 1 8 06 03 n 4 08 06 2i 6 10 10 6 « 12 15 7i 7 w 20 10 8 16 25 1 Oi 10 20 50 2 1 11 22 1 00 4 1 1 24 1 2 00 8 8 13 80 . 8 00 12 5 1 6 36 4 00 16 5 1 9 43 1 5 CO 1 6i 2 49 ' 6 00 - 1 4 8 2 6 61 : 10 00 • 2 1 1 5 1 22 i 2!.f 00 4 2 21 10 2 48 25 00 5 2 9 10 4 87 ' 24 33 50 00 10 5 6i 5 100 00 20 10 Hi 10 48 67 500 00 102 14 9J 25 121 67 i 1,000 00 205 9 7 100 486 67 '■ 5,000 00 1,027 7 llj 1,000 4,866 67 10,000 00 2,054 15 101 F»r general purposes, it will be sufficient to remember that tht Canadian cent and the English halfpenny are almost identical in value. LORD LISGAR ON EMIGRATION. TBOM THE DAILY EXPBESS (dUBLIN). The following letter has been addressed to Lord Lisgar by Obarles Foy, Esq., Commissioner of Emigration for Dominion Government of Canada in the North of Ireland : — Canadian Government Emigration Department, Offices— 11, Olaremont Street, To the Right Hon. Baron Lisgar, K.G., C.B., K.C.G., St. Michael and St. George, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Island of Prince Edward, late Governor- General of Canada. Mt Lobd— Tour speech at the Headford Estates Agricultural ShoT7 held at Virginia, County Cavan, on the 13th inst., has attracted considerable attention, especially your remarks on emi- gration; your lordship having so recently returned from Canada. 8p Your lordship -Is reported to have said— " what would really stay the tide of emigration was the gradual assimilation of the wages and advantages eujoyed in Ireland to the wages and ad- vantages in Canada and the United States. They were nearly on a par, as he saw in a Transatlantic paper that the farmers were holding oat against giving their servants five shillings a day, and he knew that four shillings a day here was worth more than five shillings a day there." Coming from Lord Lisgar, the effect of the extract I have quoted roust be to make the people doubt the representations of myself and other emigration agerttf from Canada. I therefore venture to hope that your lordship will recognise my duty iu milking this letter public. 1 will, in justice to myself, give cause for advocating emigration, and quote facts as proofs that the ad- vantages of both countries — Ireland and Canada — are far distant from ast'milation. Before going into proofs, I may remind your lordship that, as your lordship is aware, by specific instructions, the Canadian Government emigration agents are told to in nowise exaggerate the advantages Canada oJBEers to the emigrant. Your lordship quoted four shillings a day as the wages of mpwers at Bailieborough. Now, my lord^ how long did the mow- ing and Tour shillings a day continue ? Your lordship may be aware that in the beginning of la;jt spring the " Ottowa Valley Immigration Society" remitted over £200 . to mo to assist farm labourers to emigrate, and authorised me to giye them a yearly engagement at from £35 to £40 sterling, with goov' board and lodging. The emigration agents in England and Scotland had money sent to them for the same purpose. Firat-class farm hands, who made no engagement here,. got £50 a year ; and one man, James Armstrong, from the county F^- managh, got £60 a year. The Compton Colonization yociety will guarantee work on the Megantic Railway at 5s a day. They will build a ho.use for the labourer, give him a few acres of land, and he can purchase as many acres as he chooses at 2s 6d an acre and get years to p^y the purchase moviey. W hftO, my lord, will the wages in this country be assimilated to £85 and £40 a year ? And, if they ever be, who will be able to pay sach wages ? Sureljj;,^ not the tenant farmers. Erfjo, instead of staying the tide of emiU' gration, an assimilation of wages would add tenant farmers emi*- grants to the; tide of faj-m labourers nQW, thanks to reduced passages, flawing so rapidly.. As .to the relative . value ef money in Canada and in thift' country, I can myself assure your lordship that JE3Q0 a year in Canada is as^gpod as £500 .a year in Ireland.. I t,ake. the liberty of mailing to your lordship's address the Ottowa WeeJcli/ Citizen, of the, 3(kh ul,t., in whiclh your lordship may eee the quotations, of the Ottowa mafV«t of tliat ^ay. X cannot, by any jule of arithnjetic, come to the. conclusion that 48 »l 31 would puivhase as much in Belfast market as 5s in Ottow* market. 1 quote the prices of a few articles : — Bread, white, 4lb loaf Gd io 6d ; wilt butter, S^d to Gd; choeae, 4id to 7id; po- tatoes, Is to Is 8d per bushel ; sugar, 4id to 6d per lb ; tea. 2b to 2s 6d per lb ; eggs, (id to 9d per dozen ; tobacco, Is to 2s per lb ; beer, 2d to 5d per quart ; beef, 4d to 6^d per lb ; ham, 5d to 6d per lb. Of course, your lordship knows that in country districts prioe* are much lower. "the advantages Canada offers to the labourer are not only high wagps, but the,poBf-ibility, nay the certainty, with ordinary pru- denee, of the hired labourer becoming the employer of labourers, I have been in th. farm-houses of the owners of from 500 to 700 acres of good land, well stocked, many of them from the county Cavan, who left this country farm labourers. Can your lordship, or any other person, give me one instance of a farm labourer in Ireland liecoming, by industry, no matter how persevering, by penury the closest, the owner of ten acres of land ? In Canada the eiTiigrants who arrived this yeai-, and who engaged at £:J5 or £40 a year, look forward with hope that in four or five years at most they will own good farms. The Iriah labourer, when too old to work, has only the workhouse to look lo. I never met or heard of the second generation of labourers in Canada. In Ireland, if they remain in it, the great-grandsons will be labourers, as their great-grandfathers were. In the pamphlet which Ita;kethe liberty of sending to your lordship, you may see copies of letters from emi^iraiits who, in six months, remitted £18 to pay the passages off wives, and children whom they were compelled to leave behind.for want of means to pay their passages. Who evQf heard, my lord, of an Irish labourer at home saving £13 in sis months, in six years — might I not say in a lifetime ? I re- meuiber well with what pride I, with other County Cavan men, listened to a speech made byyoqr lordship at a banqueit given to Prinoe Arthui in Toronto. In that speech your lordship alluded to the magnificent farms, the splendid brick farm-houses, resem- bling, as you said, landlord's castles in Ireland, which you saw in your journey through Ontario. Now, my lord, had your lordsbip Tisitwl those houses, a large majority of the owoers would show you with pride — would we had such manly ptide in Ireland— tha ioig house in which tuey cammenced as farmers on their owa acoount, and tell you thwt they left Ii eland without twenty, orr ten shillings,, perhaps, in their pockets — poor farm labourers., When, my lord, will the advantages ot Ireland assimilate to. these ? When they do, the tide of ymigration wijl ebb indeed, and [ 'will heartily join in deuouncina; en igration. When the Iris-b kbou) er; can kill his owju pig, buy the best m^at in the shamblea €ve?y day he wishes to eat it j when, he can see his, way clear to beooBiingth« owner of a farm, with no drijad of a workhouse ionen^ tkeo,, wy . kffd.l I , wjUl cry, " Erin-go-Braghi" Bi^t tijll % B2 then I will, with Sydney Smith, cry, " £rin-go-Bragh, Erin-go- nonsense, Erin-go-bread-and-cheese." Fray accept the assurance of the sincere respect of your lord- ship's obedient servant, CnARLEB FoY, Emigration Agent for Canadian Government for North of Ireland. Belfast, Sept. 14, 1872. F.S. — Just as I closed this letter a man named Heriott, a car- penter, who left hero last December, called to tell me he had returned for his wife and family. Ho tells me that he has been living in the village of Chelsea, within 'eight miles of Ottawa, where he has bought, or is in negotiation for, a lot. His ex- perience is that four shillings in Chelsea are as good as seven shillings in Belfast ; that he can support his family comfortably on three dollars a week (equal to 12s 6d sterling), and that is just one day's pay of a good carpenter. ^ THE CLIMATE OF CANADA. To the Editor of the " Belfaat News-Letter ^ Sib — It was not of Irishmen it was written, that it would re- quire a surgical operation to enable them to understand a joke, yet, I confess I could not see the joke in Mr. Parnaira (tho New Zealand Emigration Commissioner) letter, and, instead of adopt- ing in the future, as he promises, poor Artemns Ward's example, and writing " this is a joke," I would advise him to write under such attempts, this wab intended for a joke. That Canadian emi- grants to New Zealand have returned to Canada I am ready to admit, as the writer of the letter to tho Hamilton Spectator^ which I forward to you, warns his countrymen in Canada against, men who return with the money of the New Zealand Govern- ment in their pockets, paid to deceive their countrymen. Mr. Parnall must think tha Irish people very gullible whan he ex- pect.'* them to believe that, considering the cost, the Nova Scotiang he mentions returned to Nova Scotia to persuade their countrymen to go to New Zealand from purely philanthropic motives ! It is a pity to keep tho names of such noble disinter- ested men secret. Methf aks their names appear opposite a good ■urn in the accounts of the Emigration Department of the New Zealand Government. People in a certain county in Ulster have been wicked enough to say that a farmer from the same county, who emigrated to New Zealand, made more money writing fe- vourable accounts of the country than he could make farming. As Mr. Parnall was only joking about a six months' winter in Canada, I accept it as a good joke, though, as I before re- 83 ^ Mnarked, I canuot see tho wit. Bat (then Now Zealand wit may ■differ from Irish. I agreo with Mr. Farnall that a Hevere winter may be very trying on the poor — if, by poor, hj moans tho poverty we see in Ireland — but 1 am proud to bo able to say, that such abject poverty ia not to be found in Canada. la ymrs' travellincf through it I never saw an ill-fed ilUclai nan, woman, or child. In that land of plenty every peraonia fortified against the cold by good food, good clothing, and cheerful \o^ fires. I would ask any person if they dj not prefer a line frosty day in this coantry to a cold wet day ? 1 never, found the bracing clear frosty air of Canada so cold as the damp cold which penetrates to tliu bone in this country. Tho first New-year's Day 1 was in Canada I visited without au -outside coat, and felt a pleasant glow of heat. I never knew any person who had lived in Canada who, if they visited this country, did not complain of the cold of the winters iu Ireland. Exercise, in a climate where during the Avioter the sky has not the size of a man's hand of a cloud, where the sun shines as bright as on a July day hero, where tho snow is crisp with frost so that it can be shaken off in a moment, .Di^ matter how heavy — will keep a person wanu. Tho same dryness of atmosphere makes the heat of suumer not so oppressive. The Canadians look for the snow, and hail the first fall with delight. Marshall, who is not a partial writer, says iu his work, " The Canadian Dominion," when speaking of the advantages of Canada — " I shall be bold enough to reckon the climate as a second great advantage." " My repeated questions about the severity of the season wore answered with amusement and sometimes with a pretty resentment." Our vast lumbering operations could not bo carried on with- out our long' winter. An Ottawa merchant said to me, "Our Jong winter in the woods is the best part of the year to us." A lurjjberman told mo in one of the upper shanties, " We can work BQ easily and we never fuel the cold — wo generally pull off our jackets. Of course we keep a roaring fire in the shanty, and our ev<:ning8 arethe jollie»t 1 have ever spent." , Farmers taJktdto me with a similar inability to perceive that the Canadian winter was a disadvantage. To tho ladies of Canada the winter is the gayest and brij;hte8t season of the year. Balls, ^'hops," and cona rta innumerable, make brilliant the nights. The days are enlivened with delight- ful " to-boggouning" excursions. Hill-side slopes and river-banks ^re inade gay with this, pretty exercise. The " to-boggon" is ftjPnrved slip of birch bark, extremely light and daintily orn4- pjented, on which the fair Canadian girl takes her seat on the top of the slope ; once started it glides dowu with a delicious rapidity, and stiilfuUy guided carries its charming occupant far filotig tho level ground at the base. The cavalier who has shot C 84 down in hij clumflier snow canoe, dr&ws the two to-boggons np the slope again without effort by the side of his companion. I had to make many promincs of retarning tu Canada to enjoy its winter myself, in order to becotno disabusod of my prejudices against the season. In all seriousness, I am persuaded that despite its severity, the climate of Canada is one of the bralthiest in the world. It is expressly fitted to develope a hardy race. For the bringing up of a young family it is to be preferred very deoit'odly to tho climate of almost all the States of the Union south of the chain of Canadian lakes. The fact of the gr.nerally healthy condition of the people, the splendid development of the men, the preservation of the English type of beauty of tho women, may bo taken in proot of the excellence of the climate, and may well be allowed to influence tho choice of an English- man who seeks a new home ior his family. In speaking of the amusements enjoyed during the winter, Mr. Marshall doos not mention sleighing or skating ; the former on fine moonlight nights being a very favourite amusement. Sleighing Clubs are formed all through the country, and often from fifteen to twenty sleighs will leave a small village, the occupantJi wrapped in furs and buffalo robes. The " sleigh bells' runic rhyme" and merry " tintinnabulation" filling the icy air of moon- light, the hor.ses themselves neighing with delight, bound along as only American horses can. •• Bwift we go o'er the fleecy snow, When sunbeams sparkle romid, When boofs keep time to music's chime, As merrily on we bound." Tho skating rinks where, under a large wooden canopy, generally the volunteer drill shed of tho locality, well lit up, to the music of a military band, as handsome women us any in the world, and as brave men, skim gracefully, as only Canadians can, over the ice-made floor. As to the healthiness of the climate, tho number of deaths to every 10,000 in Canada, as a whole, is 98 ; in the United States it is 124 ; and in Great Britain it is 211. This is the story the bills of mortality tell. I have sent several persons from Belfast and other parts of this coun*;ry, who were s'uffering-from asthma, and their friends tell me that since they s^tled in Canada they have become r mpletely cured. A young man from the County Monaghan, v.- ho was threatened with consumption, has become so strong ^ ^ce he went to Canada, that a lady spoke to me at the Clones Ba.iway station, a few days ago. about sending a friend of hers who is threatened with, the same atal disease. So much, Mr Editor, for the climate of Canada, and I hope it will suffice to kill the antiquated bugl)ear about the Canadian winters. If Canada lost her snowy frosty winters, she would loB© one of her greatest charms for — Yours obligod, Charles Fot. 85 EMIGRATION TO CANADA lb the Editor of the '* Bel/tut Titne$." fiiR, — I wonld be much obliged if yoa woald pablish the following letter trom the Goverumeut agent (Canadian) at Ottawa. — Youra truly, CnARLES FOT. " Qoverament Immigration Office, Ottawa, loth July, 1872. "Dear Sir,— Youra of the 27th ult. reached me" in due oourHO. William Larkin, 0. Gray, and D. Cook, arrived hore and were immediately eniraged. David Lurkin went to Mr. Smith's brickyard, where the other Belfast brickmakers are, the morning after his arrival. D. Cook is employed by Mr. Gal- braith, of Almonte, to take charge of a farm. VVajres 240 dola. per annum, equal to £50 sterling, with, of course, board and lodging Thene terms are exceptional, but Cook is a Bcientific farmer. Gray is employed by the widow of the Hon. T. M'Kay. Wages 192 dols., or £4U per annum. Larkia gets the wages you engaged him for. — Yours, very truly, "W. J. WlLL3. " Chibles Fot, Esq., Commissioner of Emigration, Belfast." The men Cook and Gray worked in the Botanic Gardens, Belfast. » C. P. EMIGRATION TO CANADA. To the Editor of the Belfast " News-Letter.*' Sir, — It is admitted that one proof is worth a thousand asser- tions. When I arrived in Belfast, as the representative of the Dominion of Canada, I said I would appeal to the letters of the emigrants, the result of my first year's representations, for my success in following years. I published in the Irish Press, and in pamphlet form, a large number of letters. I now send the list of names, and amount of money sj;nt to me to forward friends, which is, of course, independent of large amounts paid for tickets to Canada, and money sent direct to friends. I think no person will gainsay the truth of good reports represented by £ s. d.— Yours truly, Charles For. Eliza Lindsay, Mary Milligan, £8 lOs ; Ellen Wilson, £4 6s ; Richard Joice, £5 158; Jane Wallace, Elizabeth Wallace, Jamea Wallace, Catherine Wallace, Emily Wallace, Mary Anne Wallace, £23 7s 6d ; Alexander Usher, Mrs. Usher. Mary Eliza Usher, 86 Sarah Usher, Andrew Usher, £21 5s ; Magfgie Faucetfc, £5 Ss ; Elizabeth Mallen, Maria Mallen, Teresa Mallen, £12 15 1; Honora Maher, £4 Ss ; Joseph Shaw, wife, and two children, £12 153 ; Margaret M'Adoo, £4 Ss; James Taggart, Benjamin Taggart, £8 lOs; Anne Cuming,. £4 Ss ; Mrs. W. Trisdale, £4 5s; Annstasia Barry, £6 ; Eliza. M'Grath, £4 Ss ; Mary Davios, £4 58; Jane Eliza Hughes, £2 2s Gd ; Aone Maria Hughes, £2 28 6d ; Peter Kelly, Patk. Kelly, Thomas Kelly, Ellen Kelly, Bridget Kelly, £20 ISs ; Eliza Overend, £4 5s ; her husband, James Overend, a Carpenter, left Belfast on 2nd M»/, and his letter is datedOttawa, June 28th. EMIGRiiTION TO CANADA. To the Editor of the Nortliern Whig. Sia,— :The following letter is froiu a Co. Tyrone emigrant who went to Canada a few years ago. His brother, and ten of a family purpose going on the 22nd iust. :— Yonrs obliged, ^ Oearles Foy. Canadian Government Emigration Department, Offices — 11, Claremont Street, Belfast, 13th November, 1872, Tyondinago, near Napanee, Canada, 22nd October, 1872. Ml Dear Brother and Sisters — I received your long-looked for, kind, and welcome letter. 1 wrote several times to you, but received no answer. I received yours on *,he 10th inst. and now hasten to answer the same. You want to know if you could do better in Canada than in Ireland. I shall let you know how some men are getting on here. I know several men here whq came to Canada, some wiia £1, some with £2, and some had tpi work their way here, who are woi'th thousands of pounds now. One man told me that he had 6d when he landed in Quebec, and now his property could not be bought for £7,000 ; and he is not the only man — there are hundreds of such men in this country. There is no man who comes here but can do well if he is indus^- , lious and attends to his business. There is plenty of employ-j ment for every man, woman and child here ; if all in Ireland would come they would get employment, and every one over eighteen years a free grant of 100 acres of land. Our Govern- ment is commencing iEk railroad from Ottawa to the Pacific Ocean, 2,800 miles, and men will get from 8a to 10s a day next summer working on it. My next nerghbour sold his farm at- £590^ *nd went to the Red River settlement last spring. The Govera** ment gives every adalt 160 acres of the best prairie land in the rnKSBom 87 Red River settlement. This land will produce 60 bushels (sixty) of wheat per acre, and there is room for millions, so that if all in Ireland came, e^yery one conld get 160 acre?. The Ited River settlement is 800 miles from here. If you would not like to take ?o long a journey, you could get a farm here for £200, by paying down £100, and the remainder by yearly instalments ; or you could rent 100 acres at from £20 to £30 a-year. There is one man in the front of this township who has a farm rented from the Indians ; he has thi'« year, 1,800 bushels of wheat, 1,000 busheli of barley, besides pea^" and Oatp. "Wheat is worth 68 3d a bushel ; barley, 3s ; pea'', 3s ; oat?, 2s. This township is twelve miles squaro, and the Indians have three miles by twelve in the front of it. As they do nob like farming they rent it all. They are all civilised and christianised ; they arc the Mo- hawk tribe; splendid men, and every one of them an Orange- ma" They gave Mr. Johnston, M.P. for Belfast, a beautiful c.ov7n, when he visited Shannonville. This is a very quiet country. We have no thieves. I never lock my dioi-s at night, nor my granary. Dear brother, if you had left Ireland ten years ago yoa would have been independent now. Your boys could earn from £2 lo £3 a-montb, and your girls £1 a-month. Our next neighbour's daughter was offered £18 Ss a-year, and would not accept it. I am payir.g a man 3s a-day for splitting rails for fencing. I sell them at £l per 100. I have made £30 off lambs and milk this summer; and, as the cheese factory does not close until the 1st November, I expect to get £'i or £6 more. I have not threshed my grain yet, but the machine is to be with me next week, and it can thresh from 30O to 400 bushels a-day and clean Jjl.;' Adam M'Alister has got 500 bushels threshed. Adam said, when he had read your letter, that you could do bettei in this country by begging than in Ireland on a small farm. Wo had a hearty laugh at your saying that you had not been at Dunnas- kellon for twelve months. We think nothing of going ten or twelve miles to sec a friend. We had a visit from my wife's niece and family, from Council Bluff, State of Oliio, 1,700 miles from here. Ntipanee is ten miles from here, and when there is good sleighing we can go in an hour. Deir Brother, I think that the sooner you le&ve Ireland the better, for both you and you? family. I would not live in Ireland on the best farm you could hunt up. No farmer could live iii Ireland as he could live here. Our pork was done last week. I will kill a sheep to do until the weather gets cool enough to kill my hogs. They are so fat they can hardly rise to eat. I am fattening two beef cattle, one to sell and the other to eat. Adam and Esther are well ; they say they will take one of your daughters, as they live alone. John Doyle and family are well ; he is buildin^ a house. We have a very plentiful harvest. I never law better tiroes in Canada. Your Affsctionate Broth eb. 9^H 88 CANADIAN GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION DEPARTMEN'^. Office — 1 1 , Claremont street, (Off University Road), Belfast, July 22, 1872. To the Editor of the Belfast Times. SiE, — I would be much obliged if you would publish the accompanying letter, jusl received from the Immiiiration Ageii'; at Toronto — Yours truly, Ohaeleb Fot. " Immigration Office, Toronto, July 5, 1872, " Mt Deab Sir, — The emigrants by the ' Nestorian' arrived here at one a.m., and now (at ten a.m.) there is not one at the depot. The flax-scutchers went to the mills of Messrs. Puller & Co., Stratford. (;an you send some more? " The two Belfast girls were engaged as servants in the uni- versity before they were an hour here; wHges, £15 a-year each. " We are not getting a tithe of the labour we require. Far- mers are paying from 20 to 25 dollars a-month, with good board. " The weather has been very fine of iate, and crops look remark- ably well ; farmers are commencing to cut t !ieir hay. W^en the general harvest is fairly in, I don't know whit we are to do for labourers. " With passages at £4 5s and a bo: us from the Ontaiio Government, after three months' residence, of 6 dollars, or 258 sterling — with wages from £4 to £5 a-month and good board — can you not induce our countrymen to come to us, where in a few years they may own good farms and be employers, instead of re- maining hired servants in Ireland for their lifetimes ? — Yours faithfully, "John A. Donaldson. ' Chaeles Foy, Esq., Belfast, Ire'and." CANADIAN GOVRRNMENr EMIGRATION DEPAKTMENT. Office — 11, Claremont Street, Belfasi;. 2b the Editor of the Belfast Times. SiE, — V/ould you kindly publish in the Times the following letter from a young man who emigrated to Car;ida from the neighbourhood of Kewtownbieda last March, and oblige yours truly, Chables Foy. Belfast, June 25, 1872. 9 \ 8d *' My deae Motheb, — Since I that 1 am getting on well, and like " Ottawa, 3rd Juno, 1872. wrote last I am glad to say my employer, the Hon. James Skead, rvell, and the country is very pleasant to live in, and I hope to be able to make a good living at my trade in a short time, as wages for all tradesmen are very high all over Canada, particularly about Ottawa, the capital, where there are a great many buildings going up, and all sorts of manufactories starting, sa there is work for all who come out. I should like to know if John is coming out. Tools are very dear here so he had better bring all his with him. " When you write to Julius, in Liverpool, you had better re- commend him, if he intends to come to America, to come to Ottawa, as he will find no trouble in. getting work; and, from all I can learn, it is the best part of Canada for tradesmen of all kinds as well as labourers. Iradesmen get from 6s to 8s sterling per day and their board, and labourers 4s to 5b a-day, with board. How is Mr. Frazer getting on ? and has he any idea of coming out ? I would advise him to come out to this country ; for all farmers about here appear to bo very wealthy ; but they have to work hard, as the season is short for farm work. " Ask Mrs. Gaw if she intends coming out this year. She can get a good situation here without any trouble. ^ If I am spared, I hope to be able to pay you all a visit in a year or two, as travelling is very cheap. " I hope you are all well. With kind remembrance to all friends, and love to all at home, I remain your affectionate son. from a carpenter who formerly lived in be:.past. Pembroke, Ontario, Canada, June 28. 1872. Dea.h Mr. Fot, — Perhaps you thought I should have written to you before now, and so I should, but I have so many rclativea to write to 1 get tired. You may see by the above addiess I am "'Ti Pembroke ; you know where that is, no doubt. Mr. Wills recomi-iended me to go there, as it was a growing town, and it is a very good place ; but I can't dvrell on this point now, but I will write you another letter when 1 have more time, as I am in a hurry for the mail. You will find enclosed a money order for £4 5s. 1 want a ticket for my wife. I wrote to Mr. Stafford, Quebec, about getting out my wife, and he sent my letter to Mr. Wills, Ottawa; SO Mr. Wills sent mo a letter from Ottawa last Wednesday, which I enclosed in a letter which I sent to my wife to give to you, and the letter stated for to send him 21 dols. 85c., JO £4t 5s,or to send that amount to you to Belfast, so I thought =»:»HH 40 it would save time to sand it to you, as the Canadian Govern- ment, as you are aware, have made a contract with the Allan . Line to that effect. I told my i?ife to send Mr. Wills' letter to you, buji suppose it is not ntcessary. She is not living in Bel- fa-t now but at her father's placft in Gilford. Very likely she will call with you, but I wish you to send her ticket in care of Mr. Robert Crothers, Bleach Green Hill, Dunbarton, Gilford, County Down. This is the address in full. She is thirty years of age. Perhaps you don't recollect mo. I went with my wife in April last to your office at about nine o'clock at night. I was not determined to go, but from the accounts you gave us of what you saw in Canada, and what you knew men in my trade to do in Toronto and oth' r parts, my wife said, " Jame?, go." You laughed, and said she was like the wife of a man named Larkin, who, when her husband cowed the morning he was to leave for Derry, pushed him oui, and then you read us Larkin's letter when he wrote for his w ind child. You may mind me now. I am a carpenter by traa u a well plos^sed with my flit. I want my wife out in the first ev. t* from she gets my letter. I send her one at the same time i tiend yours. — I remain your obedient servant, James Ovebend. To Charles Foy, Esq., Commissioner of Emigration, Belfast, Ireland. ^ FROM A FARMER WHO EMIGRATED FROM THE COUNTY CAVAN. Duart, Province of Ontario, Canada. Oct, 14, 1872. To Charles Foy, Esq., Commissioner of Emigration, Belfast, Ireland. !.; My dear Sik, — We were ghd to see your lettti in reply to> the remarks of Lord Lisgar on omigraHon. It is, indeed, strange that he would make such a speech after seeing Canada. No per- son wh» has been here ' it must know that there is no compari-- son between Ireland and this country, as far as the i)rospects of an industrious, honest man are concerned. I think fiom the offices I held in Ireland, few had a better opportunity of knowing the deprivations and almost more than human exertions of in- dustrious, honest families to try and exist — not live. If a cow or horse died they were on the wrong side of the ba'ance for the workhouse; here in this happy, prosperous land, if such a loss occur, it costs no more trouble than the cracking of an egg. It is no use Lord Liugar bo.isting of four shillings a day for a start of a few days' mowing. Hero a man can huve his York shilling (Odstg.) an hour and comfortable board, and lighter work mowing here than in Ireland. . ., y I '^ I 41 I see by cur papers this week that fomnle sot viints are offered twenty dollars per month (£4 sterling), and they have a good prospect of being married to a hundred-acre farmer and becom- ing mistress of a happy home— a contrast to the prospects of servant girls in Ireland. The more I see of this country the more I am convinced of the great mistake of my countrymen attempting to live and pay rent on small farms ; it is a mistake of landl rds and tenants A man cannot do justice to himself or family, or live, as men who work have a right to live, on less than ten or fifteen acres of /refl land. A farmer here with a couple of stout sons, having 100 acres, will think nothing of buying another 100 acres of im- proved land, at say £600 sterling, and in three years clear off the purchase money. You see the produce, or the surplus produce, of the old farm, after supporting the fiiniily con.fortab'y, goes with the produce of the now purchase to pay up the pur- chase-money. This will generally take only three years ; and meanwhile the family are not pinched as the poor farmers of Ireland pinch themselves. They think no mora of killing a sheep or cow than the poor farmer's wife in Ireland would think of killing a superannuated hen. We have everything in this country to make ti.? heart glad. Our grapes of the finest and largest quality, gathered by the children who, not like the children of the poor in Ireland, know the happiness of child- hood, are not from they are able to walk, acquainted with the hardships of penury. Everj"^ good house-wife has her own wine-press Every good farmer has an orchard, and makes his barrels of cider. Every farmer has his 120 dols. or 200 dol. vehicle, and as good a span of horses as ever Colonel Clements drove. Every industrious man in Ireland, if they came here, could be thus indepet dent as God intended them to be. I know men who, a few years ago, had not the price of an axe, who went to farm on shares, and to-day hold property of 200 ceres ♦ ach, free for ever. I'll tell you what an industrious poor man can do. He can from the first d y ho puts his foot on Canadian soil, live as well as any man should wish, and the highest and best in Canada will think it no conde.-^cension to shake the honest man by the hand, and will say, "Cheer up, brother, I was ju'^t as you are a few short years ago. Come on^ here is the road to independence. Keep clear of Mr. Damnation Whiskey, and you must become independent. We have none of the * haw-haw* would-be gentlemen you have in Ireland, who are ashamed to confess that they ever were poor, or their fathers before them. I am sure you will agree with me, that any man who could rid the old sod of these brainless, lisping idiots, would be doing as much good as St. Patrick, when he rid Ireland of snakes. The total absence of f^uch in Canada is one of the great charms of the country for me. The Canadians love 4S manliness and manly sports It is wonderful how soon the ^ost cringin?, fawning, toady Irishman learns to stand erect, and look up like a man, who knows that an honest, in- dustrious man has no superior but hi^ Creator. You know that a Canadian gentleman would spurn with loathiug a creeping, crawling sycophiint." Are the people of Ireland afr.dd of the cli nats of Canada ? If they were here thy would hear none of the na«ty barking coughs they hear so often in their own coaatry. Canada is, without doubt, the healthiest country in the world. A» you said, in one of your excellent pamphlets, more people, for the population, dirt in Canada over 80 than in any other country in the world. It is not unu-ual to meet a man, anfl as-k — " What U your age P What would you think ? Well, I would take you to be about 60." "I am 85, and, thank God, as lively as a cricket." " It' you remained in Ireland you would not be so hearty." " I would have been dead long since ; my father died at 63, my grandfather at 65." But I need not tell you who mu^t have met many an old County Cavao man iu ^our travels through Canada. This is the country for the industrious farmer, for the farm labourer, for the servant girl, for th*^ tradesman, in fact, for all who are willing to wurk and abl'? ; also for the men of small stated incomes with families to support. Here they can live at half the cost they could in Ireland ; here they have free schools, second to none in the world, thanks to our countrymiu, Dr. Ryerson. Should misfortune overtake a man here*, should his crops be a failure, should his cattle die, should all be swept n»ay from bin, all for miles around are ready to lift him. Talk of the warm big heart of an Irish rr^n. The difference is — my poor couiilrymen would if they could," tli3 Canadians " can and they will." Lord Tufferin is a great favourite, and Ireland may be proud of the Countess. In conclusion, I thank God who directed my steps to this land of peace and plenty. I have nearly four huudred acres of land mine own — no bailiff to visit me ; a goal villaste property — two good stores doing a good busi'iess. This is my experience, and I would like Lord Lisgar, "or any other man," to prove lo me how I could have done as well had I remHined in the County Cavan. But I suppose I am like the old woman who said shu difftred with St. Paul — Lord Lisgar does not care for my opinion. Well, I can reply, *' Ditto."— Yours very truly, Edward M'Collom. The writer of th i following letters was in the Constabulary force, an:l stationed in Belfast. Immediately bi'fore his marriage, hs called with me to ask my advice about going to Canada. I advised hi in to get married and emigrate. Whtn he and his wife arrived in C&uada, they wint to our Agent in Toronto (Mr. Donaldson), and gave him my letter of introduction. His wife, who was a good servant, went to service as cook, at JS3 for the first month, £4 for the second and 48 • Mil lOs. for the tliird. The husband got work nt 3 dols. a-day. At the end of ihne luonthfl r •. wif« left service, and with whai money th*^ htjabund and she har! ,aved, they atartt^d a boardinvi-house. She •ays in a letter to her ai*ter, " Much as I love dear old Ireland I would not go back to live there." Thtf profits of the boardiiig-bouae will more than support theio and they can put hii wageii, nearly the pay of a Sub-Iii8p'^c"or of Constabulary, into the banV. Well may he eay I told him the truth, when I said he would thank God for leaving the Force. Many ot his comrades in Bidfast told me ot his euccess before I got the letters I now publish. C. F. Alliston Brook, Co. Lambton, Province of Ontario, Cnnada, 8lb Septemher, 1872. Dear Father-in-Law — I drop a few lines again to you. I hope they will find you in good heidth, as we nre at p esent, thank Go J. I see by the papers that there has been great riots in Belfast ; if you could send mt; a papjr of gomrt old date — say the paper of the first week in September. I got only ou'^ papier of all you gent me. Mary and 1 is watchinv a letter fron you or Thoma'' every day. I expect to go to London on the 8lh of October and j;et a p»is8a;uti to London with me. We have a London \u Canada as well as in En^^land. I will write again to you as a jon as I get your Idler, and I will, perhaps, send Thomas nome money to get hitnsdf rea*iy for this country, and let him go to see my sister before he leaves ; he will get by tr^in to Cavan, ->n'l by van to Crossdoney. Dear bir, I believe I forgot to tell you in my 1 ist letter, about our younv eon ; he was born on the 20ih April lasl; we called him John .Joseph. I thought I tolo you in u y lati letter, but Mary tells me I did n )t. — No more ai present, bu» remains your Son-in-law. P.S. — I am working by th^ day now. 1 have Ss 4d per day of English mone) ; that is pretty good. October 21, 1872. Dear Father-in-Law — I send these few lines to let yoa know that we are all well. 1 received your letter in due time, and I was glad to hear of your beinst all well. Dear Sir, I am glad Tom ^f^ going to come out. I have a place for him at 7$ S^d per day all the year. I am keeping a boarding-h^use for the siicso, .1 em working still; there ii eight of us in Qumb^r. I hrivti a girl hired at £1 a month. I am getting 128 6;1 a wtek each for boarding men. I sent £9 to——— — to pay Tr/oi'g passaj^e, and buy some things he may want. Mr. will Bee Tom all rinht, and I told you all he would want on the vessel, and what he will want to bring to this country. I bLo told about the route to my siit- r's. When Turn ci lues to 44 Portlnnd he will get tho train to Waterford. When he nrrives in Waterfonl lei. him leave hii boxes in M'Donnell's storti hon*e, «nd walk to Al list oil Mrook, and call in any house, and they will show him the way io where I live. If ho is shoit of money when he lands in PortLuul, kt hi n stop in some place, and write to me for more; let hitn mind hU things well on board the ship, or they may be stolen from him. Let hi:n faring me a good black thorn stick and a Hallykil- bep pipe — Your Son-iw-Law. To Ballinderry Upper, County Antrim, Irelhnd. Alliston, Co. Lambton, Canada, 11th October, 1873. Dear Brother, — I chanoed my mind since I wrote. I want yoa out this winter. I told you in my last letter that Tom and I were at work on our own farm, we bought one hundred acres of land and sold it out again, and bought the timber of 100 acres, and are going to make hoops ; we have two years to take the hoop timbers otf the place, from the first January, IST-i, so wa want Philip to come out this winter and we can all work to- gether. We have two men hired at present, for six months each. I ana sending your passage to Mr. Poy, 11, Claremont Street, Belfast, the gentleman by whose advice I came to this country, his office is near the workhouse on the Lisburn Road. Be. sure and make no delay when you get this letter. I will send you £2 to get you ready. One knife, one fork, tin pint, lin dish and Epoon, one tick at Is 6d, and one rug or blanket. These are all you want on tho vessel and 2d worth of saltwater soap, which, you will get on the quay. No matter what any man says, you want no more. Ask Mr. Foy for a certificate and he will give it to you, that is for six dollar!) of your passage money, that you will get back again when you are three months hero. Bring all the blackthorn sticks you can get, they are of great value here, bring, of good clay pipes, about 7 or 8 dozen ; get a small box and pack them with sawdust or bran. Tom will send you some more money as soon as you come out. When yim come to Port- land, get the agent to sign the certificate you get from Mr. Foy, then yoa will get your six dollars back again. Yoa will get a free train from Portland to Montreal, and from Montreal to Toronto, and to Watford, from Toronto. You can leave your box at the railway at Watford. If you come into Watford on either Monday, or Wednesday, or Friday, you can get to Alliston on the post car for 60 cents. If you can't get your certificate signed at Portland, get it signed by the agent at Montreal. I send a few lines from Mary. — Your affectionate brother. (I ! 1 1 46 ,0- From the wife — Dear Father and Mother, — I am greatly dig-s' itppointed that you would not let my sister come out to me; I have a great deal to do, and it would be a great oomfort and ease to me if I had Mary with me to help me ; I did not want her to go to strangers, if she had come to me, bat it cannot be helped noW:«> I hope you are all well, I am in good health, thank God, I have ■good care and good food ; everyone gets good food. I would wish to see you all in this country of ours. Thomas is quite happy with his bister, far more so than in Ireland, and the baby is very proud of him ; I am glad to hear of all the folks ; let me know how Miss SusHu Morelaud is, if she is at home. Dear Father and Mother I must conclude with much love to you, Joseph sends his love to you also. — I remain your aflfeotionate daughter, The writer of the following is too old and feeble to emigrate. He once held a good position in this country, C. F. Ballymacarrett, Belfast, 13ih Novemb-T, 1871. Dear Sir, — Owing to your activity in procuring 'eubscription, and Mrs, Foy's good nature, you were, under God, the means of sfuding my wife and hertwodaughteri to Canada, in October of la-jt year. From the kindness of W. Johnston, Esq., M.P., in last July, who, thioufih a friend of his, the family obtained (in the same hou«e), coinfpriable diuations. My wife writes iu last month to her daughter, thus, after acknowledging Mr. Johnston's great atteutiou; — " This is alovi-ly country, — a coun'ry blessed niih every coipfort. I would i not exihHOite thi» country, wiib all its labour for any ho iie I ever had in poor old Irtland. So my daughter may think how happy we are h«re {iltliough we have to work — ^yet it ii pleasant to be paid for our wprk." Make any use pf tl^i* ^QU please.— Truly Yours, C. Foy, Esq., Emigration Agent for the Douiiuiqit of Canada. .rrt From a younar man (a carpenter) who emigrated from Newtown^ breda, April, 1872, Ottawa, 3rd June, 1872. I My dear Mks Gaw — I am hippy to say I am well. My pay is about 41) liols. per month (£8), working at my trade, but of course I cannot druw my money until I have all expenses paid, getting clothes and buying tools. I am very comfortable and doing well, and like the concern I am warkinj^ iu veiy much. Please let me know ln)!^ — — — aie. I have lttk<'u good care of myself since I came lH»r«, 1 Hvin^ liquor altogether alone. I have tried to find out where. James Connor is, but cannot ; he must have gone to some other part 46 of America, should any of your friends think of emigrating, you bad better advise \hem to come to Can«dn, particularly to Ottawa, a) wages for all trndesu en are Vrry hi^h ; lots of work, and livings- cheap. There is lots of work for ftmales ; s^winK fiirla gel 4s a day of your money. Give my lore to . Wiite soou. Your true friend, It 111 I Claggan House, C'ckstown, Isi Nov., 1872. Deap Sir, — The youni( man Moorp, to whom you gateau amsted passage in August la^t, was en^agi d immediHtely after landinur, in the town ot Barrie, county Simooe, at 4 dollars (16s 8d) a week and board and lodgin}< I send you his fii'^t letter, and wlu n the promised stcoad comes to band T will send it to you. Can you give assistance to families ? I have a large family to send. The head of the family is about to sell hia farm. He has ten of a family. I do not with to speak to him about going until I hear from you. — Yours very truly, George Bamsay. Charles Poy, Esq., Commissioner of Emigration, Belfast. The following is t he letter alluded to : — "Barrie, Sept. 16, 1872. "Dear Father and Mother. — I take the pleasure of writing a few lines to you, and hope they will find you all in good h«*alih, as God is pleastd to leave me at present I hope you received the few lines I stfDt you from Quebec. Tou would think I should have written more to you, but I had not time to spare. I enjoyed myself pretty wel.' on the ocean ; but when I get on the cars I did think it a very weavy ride; so, in place of getting out at Bradford, I made a mit-take and came on to Br>u,ley, and, as I could not get bacic that night, I stopped there, and I found out that I was close to Uncle Wiliirtm'e. I had some fun with them, as I did not make niys* If known tdl I eatre to Cousin TViili&m's ; so be and I went out to James' on Saturday night. He was in bed and I had a fine lark with him. He was going to put me out only William came in ; and then he looked at me and said, 'Are you John Moore ?' So we spent the night there, and then James and I, uiicle John and aunt, drove out to Bond head ; it is a distance of about; 1 6 miles. I thought it a very nice place. I promised to stop a few days in the course of a month or 80 I shall be able to tell you something about it. My friends are all vexed with me for starting work so soon. They said if I would wait for a week there would be a better chance then. I was a little bit ripe on that point. I am getting 4 dollars a week, found in everything. I am coachman for a gentleman in the town of Barrie and abont five minutee' walk of Lake Simcoe. Barrie is a groat r ' 47 ^ZM , f ^ buflinesB place, and I can see tny friends evi rySutarday that they come to market. I like this place very well; and I have not mnch work to do. Before I left Ireland I heat d people say that they would not live in this country, but I cannot see what occasion they had for sayin'T bo, unless they are afraid of work ; and I do soy there is some good medicine for lazy people in this country and also plenty of work for them that wants, e.^pecially female servants, und I expect to have Martha in this country yet, but she must bear in mind the will have to work before she becomes independent. Cousin WiUium says he thinks he will go to see you all next Summer, if he is spared to that time. He sent three letters to his father, and got no answer to either of them, and he thought he was left the old place, so you may tell him to look out for a letter in the course of three weeks, directed to Tubbeimore Post OflBce. They all join in sending their best respects to you and all enquiring friends. I hope all my old acquaintenances are in good health, and I expect to see them again, as I am not tired of ocean life, and will think less of my passage-money back. Remember me to all my brothers and sisters, and their families, and to all my friends. I shall write a letter to Mr. Eamsay in the course of a few weeks. So must now conclude, by bidding you all good-bye, and I hope you do not feel uneasy about me. May God bless you all, is the prayer irom your son. John Moore. EMIGRATION TO NEW ZEALAND. To the Editor of the Belfast News-Letter. Sib, — Some ti.i.e since you had an article in the News-Letter on emigration to New Zealand, in which you quoted an I'xtract from a pamphlet written by a New Zealand emigration agent, in which the antiquated notion of an eight months' Avinter in Canada is given as areason why farmers emigrated from Nova Scotia to New Zealand I think sufficient is known ofthe Canadian climate to take all harm out of such absurd statements. The Winter should commence in Novem- ber and not end until June, to naake eight months' Winter ; whereas the course of the seasons, as every person knows who has been in Canada, or has friends there, or has read anytbin;jf of the coun- try, is as follows: — Winter fairly established at Chiii.tmaa. la January there is a thaw ; in February the deepest snows, continuing on until early in April, when Spring ploughing commences; iu June the apple tries are iu full blossom ; in August early potatoes are iu market ; in September and ia October the crops are gathered in, the delightful Indian Summer continuing uutil the middle of November. In the province of Nova Scotia, apple, pears, quinces, plume, cherries, are easily cultivated ; peaches, grapes, and apricots are grown in the open air. So much for the climate of Canada, and which I 4) have no doubt most of your refl(hr< will cons'd r an unnpoeisary as, n3 doubt, thy smiled a< llio New Z .aland pa nphlnteerfi' ridiculous assumpliou of tlielr ignf^)ranrc of Canada. — Your* obli^«!d, Charles Fot. Caiindiiiu Qovernnient. Emi^nitinn Department, Belfast, 4th October, 1872. CANADA AS A HOME FOR THE EMIGRANT. Canadian Government Eruigrafion Department, Office, 11. Claremout Street, Belfast, Feb. 1, 1870. To the Editor of the Daily Express. Sib, — Past kindnesses encourages rae to hope that you will g^ve me space for opinions on Canada from two very opj/osiu- sourcca — friendly and unfriendly— the Toronto Telegraph and the Buff'alo Courier. The Telrgraph, alluding to the meeting of working men held in London a few weoks ago, saya : — '• We learn by cable that an immense meeting of working men was held in London, on Tuesday last, for the purpose of considering the subject of emigration.. Deputations were present from Bir- mingham, Liverpool, Manchester, and other large towns. Ad- dresses were delivered by Sir George Grey and otht'is, after which resolutions were adopted, impresf^ing upon the Governme the neces-sity of a consolidation of the ui.piie by mainrainin clos3 connexion between En^'land and tht; Colonies, and orgauit a national system of emigtation. The resolutionist also recom- mended that idle Government vessels be employed in conveying emigrants to the various colonies. As a number of prominent men, including several members of Parliament, are interested in the movement, it is likely to prove successful. It may be, how- ever, that Mr. Gladstone's peculiar policy of economy will inter- fere with the scheme. We could not liave a better class of emigrants than the people represented at this mee.ling. They are of the intelligent, industrious classes; men who have been accus- tomed to labour from childhood, and who are desirous of improving the condition of themselves and their associates. In this country every man must work, and work hard, too. We heartily hope these working rnen will succeed in th, ir movement. They would fin 1 a warm welcome in Canada. We have room for thousands of them; and if each one who comes does not prosper, it will be his own fault." The Huffalo Courier says : '' There is a very large amount of capital in Canada seeking investment at lower rates of interest than was ever b^ifore known 49 in the history of that country. The Canadians are an cxoeoiHngly steady and pcnevering people, uniting much economical thriic with their industry. They have a good soil and climate for grain ; and, allhou^h to hack out a stumpy farm from the woods is a far less enviable lot than to have one free from stumps, by simply following the sod, thousands of stalwart men from tui British Isles -who, if tht^y had remained at homo, would have died paupers — have won their corn field from the forest, step by step, and blow by blow, with joyous pluck and pride. They liavo good prices for their produce, live frugally, and saved their money." The remainder of the article is written to advocate an anneza* tion to the States. While, on the part of Canada, I accept, the witness of content- ment and prosperity, I must dispute the assertion that thero is not ample employment for c ipital in Canada. Never in any period of her history did Canada stand p,8 high as she does at present. Canidian prosperity is not in spasmodical fits of inflation, with depression and ruin as the results. Her prosperity is of a sound and healthy growth. She is increasing in population, wealth, and in everything whch adds to the general and permanent gooil of a country. Neither the Canadian capitalist nor the Canadian labourer can want a better field of operation than is open to him in his own land. Canadian money, without one t hi ling from outsiders, is now constructing some nine or ten new lines of rail- way in the province of Ontario, aggrcgn ng several hundreds of miles in length. The largest sharohoUi rs in these lines are Irish- men, who landed in Quebec without one dollar in their pockets. The milways will open up the back country. Ore of them runs into the Muskoka district, where every emigran., who lands may get a fee-farm grant of 200 acres of good land ; and if he has a family, 100 acres for each of hia sons of eighteen years of age. In the development of th? back country, capital will htill find Jurther employment. The moneyed men of Canada have a patriotic, aa well as a personal object in view — while benefiting thimsvlves, they arebenefiiting their country. Instead of sending their money abroad, they find employment for it at home, in building up great works, such as are calculated to confer good on the entire com- manity, '• Labour earns money, and money bread, Clothing and shelter, too ; and little dread . Need you fee), while those you have, Of poverty ; experience soon will save. Enough to take up land, and till it, too, And wife and bairns will richer prove to yon." Apologising for the trespass on your valuable space, I remain yours truly, Chasles Pot. 60- FROM A LINEN-LAPPER WHO LEFT BELFAST. Watford, Ontario, 20% May, 1870. . Dear , — You want to have mj- opinion about this placd^ t like it well. 1 am busy every day working in a lumber-yard, or what we call at home a timber-yard. I am meacirnig it as it come d off the train, and is s nt out to buyers. The wages I have are 58 a-day. I saw about another job on yesterday evening, ia a saw mill driving a small engine. I will get it if I like. I expect about 8s per day in that place, and in August I can getia a grist rai:l — that i^, a flour mill — in Stradiroy, at 83 a-day. I would rather be there ; it is more lively than this place ; it is where my cousin Thomas is. There is a now brass band there belonging to the volunteers; they were wanting me to j.n'n, so I intend to join when I go there ; so you see how I have been doing since I came here. You say that George is saving to come and I would recommend you all to come out. If he comes you can send me word If he has no other place to go to 1 will do all I can for him, on your account. There is no such thing as linen- lapping here ; you will have to take any thing at tirst, like me. As 'or Jane, th'^ wages she would have would be six dollars (25$ British), and the provisions arc so cheap — beef, 2|d per lb. I am telling you nothing but what I can stand over. You would do well ; no person need be idle here if they want to work. I am quite happy. Goderich, Canada West, June 8th, 1870. Mr. Thompson, Armagh. Sir, — As I am now settled for this year, I write you this letter to let you know how wo got along. When we came to Liverpool we were detained there for nine days, for which I received £3 Ts Cd from Mr. Smith ; he is a very nice gentleman. We went on board the " Lake Superior" on the 6th of April, We had to Vw'ry rough passage We ha-^ head-winds almost all the way. We landed in Toronto on the 9th of May. I went to Mr. Donald- eon and gave hin Mr. Foy's letter. He told me that there was a lady speaking to him about a farmer man, and to come again in two hours, and the lady would be there. When ehe came she wanted a &ingii man, so he gave me a ticke;, the same day to hero. I stopped in an hotel in Goderich for four days and had not to pay anything. I was sent free from Quebec, and we were well treated all the way. I engaged with a fa mer, two miles out of Goderich ; I got 200 Joilars for this year, about £41 of your money, and free house and ni'ing, and plenty of fruit, and the milk of three cows during the summer, and an acre of ground for potatoes. There are 200 acres of this farm ; there is none living ou it but UE, My boss lives in town ond keeps a livery siable. «l The^'e is four of our children at school ; the school is free. I am ploughing every day, and will be ploughing all suti mer ^or fall wheat. This is a nice country, and the people here nre very kind. Please write roe, and let me know have you got ftny \vord from William Smith — where he is or what he is doing — and send me his address ; I want to write to him. If jou see Mr. Millen you can tell him I send my best respects k house, and I have my room to myself. We have breakfast at f even o'clock, and work till one o'clock, then dinner, after that work till four o'clock, then tea, ar-^ then worli till seven o'clock; aboii>. seven o'clock we have to take a bath, aul wash ourselves all before we go tu bed. Dear father, if I stop witli this man, and in health, I will be able to help you, for 1 have nothing to buy, except what ever clotkii:g I wear. May God bless Miss L. and Mr, Foy for what they have done for me. Thorlo, November 27th. Dear Sister, — I was in town on Saturday, and bought olothea for the winter, flannel shirts and other things. We have plenty of snow now, but the weather is not cold. I have great times of it now, helping to kill meat; it keeps fresh the whole winter. If God spares me till the spring, then I will be sending you some- thing worth while. You said you were looking on the n ap for where I lived. I crossed Lake Ontario on ihe 10th of June. I :jn. eight miles from the waterfall ; ten miles up the country from where I landed when I came from Toronto. FROM A COUNTY LEITRIM EMIGBANT. Tocumseth, Canada, September 26, 1870. Dear mother, — I received your welcome letter on the 24th which gave me great pleasure to hear that you are all in the on« joyment of good health, hoping this will find all so, as this leaves me in at present, thanks be to God for all his mercies to us. Ycu said you had bad help to gather the crops, which I know very well, but have patience for a little and I will be of good help to you. I mean to let you know how I got on since I came h< re. I commenced to work the day after I wrote the letter to you. My master said he would make no bargain with me until he would see how I would work, and when I worked one wetk he said I done well, he gave a dollar and a-half a-day, that is five shillings; I worked twenty days at the harvest at five shillings a-day, and then he gave me "_8havis" to make, I am making four shillings a day. I cannot expect to make as rcuch now as in the harvest, but that is good pay all through, also I have my board, lodging washing, and mending along with that ; if I had come here one month sooner I would have a good denl of money earned now, I earned as much in one day here as I got for mowing John M'Neill's meadow, eo you may see the dilFerence of the countries; the work is not so bard as I expected here. I pnd Charles have the nicest mapcer in Canada I think ; if wo want to gu any place on Sunday he gives his horses to us and carriage to go any place, if we like also ho gives us his gun to go out and shoot any time we have "leisure;" he never had men he liked so well, he has said in many places wher e he is in company that he defies Canada to produce two men more able and willing to work than wo are. We can do any work here, no work is " contrary" to me or Charles. With regard to the country it is a good country for earning money, no mistake in that, if you keep out of the taverns. I have not forgot Eliza and Maria, thia is a good country for girls that " understands" how to cook and bake, as the farmers bake all themselves. They do not have to be running to the shops for everything. I will soon send you some money, so do not hurt yourselves working, for I shall help you, dear mother, when my €6 health is good you shall never want. I have no more to say at present until my next letter, and it will not be a hungry one ; no more from your son, good-bye, mother. Portadown, Slst October, 1870. Dear Sir, — T^ou may recollect Wm. Woolsey, who was induced by reading your lecture to go to Canada, on tho 12th May last, As a proof of how he is doing, he has sent me 18 guineas to pay the passage of his wife and four children. I have booked them for the " Austrian," to sail on the 10th November. As it v^ill take all the money to pay their passages and make them ready, might I ask you to recommend them for a free trair from Quebec to Aylm'^r, and thence to Quivi Village. Woolsey's letter is dated Fitzroy, 10th October, and postmarks on envelope are Onslow and Ottawa. I may tell you that Woolsey's former employer, Mr. Stewart, thought so much of him that he gave the wife and family a free house since he left. The names and ages of the family are : — Martha Woolsey, #35 ; Mary Woolsey, 10 ; William John Woolsey, 8 ; Elizabeth Woolsey, 6 ; Martha Jane Woolsey, 4; and iSamuel, 11 months. When may we expect you again in Portadown ? Please send me a fresh supply of your admh'able lecture. — Yours truly, D'AnCY SiNNAMON, Agent far Messrs. Allan Brothers, Montreal Ocean Steam -^hip Co. The following is a literal copy of a letter received by the Com- missioner of Emigration for Canada, in the No'th of Ireland :— '." " Mr. Charles Foy, Noserabur 3, 1870, ?' " Dear Sir, — I had a letter from my ( iron, stating by your letters they got a free passage in welco frotn Quebcj to their friends, and were kept a night in a hotel frte, an i e^tnybody were very kind tc ^ h^.m. I hope you will pardon me f^ not writing you b^for J ihis, the reason were the children said they ooM soon write. I expected more information in ic. When 1 get their letter, if there does be any more information in it I will write you again ; I have not got it yet, I coald not think of waiting \y longer, j'ou were so very kind to us, writing to us, I never m a letter that I was so thankful for than yours stating that bhe ship the childr n sailed in arrived safe, for which I return you sincere thanks ; the children said when they were leaving mc that they would write to you and tell you the way they vTr treated. Anything I can do for Canada or you I will do it. " Your obedient servant, "Robert Lindsay. "Mukeny, Ballinaraallard, Irvinestown, Co. Fermanagh." 54 wo Orcharflliillj Cana(b, July 11, 1872. Dear Sir, — I tnke tho liberty to send you ihh net", an-l to sincerely thank yi)u for yoi«r kirdufss to ne, and to Ici yon know how r Kot m in tlii« country. I landed in tawa on the 22nd of May, and Mr. "Wills had my choice of three places for rc", at £i5 per ypnr, but I wouk! net work for ihnt piy ; I t"Id the man I nrn working for now that I would go out one wek on {rid, and did so;, well, T stoppnd with him for one imnfc!), and agreed vviih him, if I ehould coi'tiime (o like bis place, 'o wnric for him lit £60 a year; of course this is Canadian mone<'. I cannot s^iy much for the country yet, I never w'sh to puss my opinion too qcick ; but \ou will get a letter fron\ n;e in some time, and you will be at lib* ity to publish it any way you think fii, and I hope if will be as good as you act in comrroh; l.'ut my n ind was troub!e(', leaviuif a wife and family behind, it i^ a hard trial when a man's means aro too poor to bring them with him. Cufc I will send for ih m in a few monlh', and hope you will do all in your power for thein. — Your obedient setvcnt, — -—— f,. , . To Charles Foy, Esq., 11, Ciareuiount Street Belfast. The wife and family sailefl in the following harve-t. C. F. ,-, Pen broke, Canada, S^pt. 17, 1872. Deab SiK, — Very fortunately I am not lia ited to time in writing to you, bui I have so ra^uy fiiends and rtlatives to write to, that, al- though I have been k minded by ditftrent circumHlnncep, at different periods, since I arrived in this Kieaf country, that I put it oiT from time to time, until 1 atn b'"s;ii'ning to think that ycu will cla?3 me with the people who h-ivo mnd'i arent prouiises 'o wiite vtry of^en; but whO:e letters hi.ve hen very few, and far between, and ! heir resolutions like tbe niovi in£j cloud nnd (avly dew. Howtver, sir, when I make a promise, however insignificant in itself,' I alwaya intend to perform, in common dec; ncy, if I would not call, in ju.tice, or • ap* ri<;hti ess at pV, for 1 am indei)ted to you for the straigh forward manner in whieh yon iicted in lejijnrd io our pa5sa;;es fro!n Ireland to Canada, and also for the truthfuliies? and nnbicsed inforn ation you gave, rtsp.ctint? the counliy, which has l)een ho much ovtrlo ked, to some extent, in days gone by, but nevt rihti'es", a country which I btlitve is desuiied to become one of the mo-t flouii;hing on the /ace of tlie eaith; but perhaps I may be goiiig a littb out of crd r, as my object is net to say what may cr may not be, in future, in store for Canada, but more to aive a little of my own^hort expcriLUce, or at least to help to reoiove tome obstacles or siumbiirg-blocks out of the road of those at home, who are thinking of bettering their coii.lition, by coDuinj4 to America. WaV, in ilio first place, T will state that $5 » most people have a certain idea, or rasher c< rtaiu idea«, in their nind?, long bf.fore I hd out who was the employ tr, until I enquired, and I have f< und him me of the best of men, and I believe, as a rule, it is so in most of places in Canada. When you take into consideration, board, &p., being 3 uol«. a week, we may come to the conclusion that any man who wants to rise, to have a little independence through a ftw year-, both from what I have seen personally, nad information from those who have been here a oon- siderable limp, I would recomutend (hem to ccme to Canada, they will enjoy liberty, both civil und religioU'<, cad it industiious, may booa become independent. ^ When I write next, I will enter into a more detailed account of the rates of this country. — Yours truly, James Overend. To Charles Foy, Esq., 11, Claremount Street Belfast. Waterford, January 18, 1873. Deab Father akd Mother, — I received your letter on the 14 th inst , and am ^u\d to hear that you are we 1, but I am sorry to hear of Uncle William's death, and it will be very hard for Margaret to bring the children up. I am also sorry 'o hear of little John Whitteii's death. You want me to tell yor what a dollar is worth — A Canadian dollar is worth about 4s. 2 J . or thereabouts ; but an American dolLvr is aboui 3s. lOd. As for getting my health, 1 have no reason to complain of it, it's ve»'y good. Dear Father and Mother. I ser.a yuu an order on the General Post Office for the sura of £7 sterling ; but the other half of the order may not be in Belfast as soon as you get this letter. Since I have come to this country I never was so comfortable as where I am now, for I am very well used, and have a good feather bed to lie on., I am glad to hear that Edward has improved in his .-■'. i C6 ' hand-writing. Tell him t j be a ^ood boy, and mind his school; and tell Thomas the eame, and if spared to Easter, I will send Thomas, Edward, and Ellen, a present. As for how I enjoyed myself at Christmas, I will tell you. I was out of emp'oyment at that time, and I was in the town of St. Thomas, and ou Christmas morning I was wakened and raised out of m ■ be^, as the next house to where I was stopping was on fire, and I assisted to put it out — at least, to keep the houde I was stopping in from taking fire. That is the only Christmas I have seen yel in Canada. Thank God for my health, I never was better in all my life — that I remeiiber. Dear Father and Mother, 1 think it very strange that you are so long before you received a lettet from me. I answered every letter that I received from you. I am glad to hear that trade is doing so well. Let me know how all my friends are, and also all the n-ighbours. Is'o more at present, but remain, jour affectionate son, William J. Gould. Letter to a gentleman, near Cookstown, who recommended ^the writer to me for an assisted p .ssage. i I^Nepeau, Canada, January 19th, 187?. Mt Deae Sik, — I take this opportunity of writing these few lo you, hoping you will excuse me for not writing sooner, but I had very little time to spare since I came out here ; it is a fine country for making money in, all sorts of labourers are in great detaand. In next April there will be w rk for any amount of men here in Ottawa. I am told by the natives that this place has made more progress the last five years than it has done for twenty years before. Men get 2 dols. per day ; servant girls are in great demand, they get from 5 dols. to 6 dols. a month, and their board. It is the best country in the world for girls, they never have to go outside to do any work. My master wonders very much that there is not a girl sent out to him, as he was thinking that there would be one out along with me, and you rnight try and get one out now, it is a good place, and they are tW decentest people about this country. I hope your mother ig xn good health ; give my best respects to her. No more to say at present. — I am, dear Sir, yours truly, • ■ You may send this letter to Mr. Foy, Belfast. Greenwood, Canada, Febui.ry 5, 1873. Sib, — T write to let you know that me and my family are well and happy. You may mind that you pent me and my family of peven, in Aui^ust laso. I haVe sen part, of a t^umraer, and part pf a winter. The sumnrer was pretty hot, and the winter is pretty >i' 67 .4^ cold, still I have had as cold weather, and as hot in Ireland ; but not BO long a spoil at once as here, but it is not intolerable. This is a far better country for a poor man that at home. I found good employ ever since I came, and write to you to return you thanks for your kindness to me ; for whan I landed in Quebec, your agent read me your letter you sent to him, and he sent the seven of wi up free, and gave us provisions to carry us up to Duffin's Creek. We are living five miles from that place, at a place called Greenwood,. and like the plaoe well. We got the best of board and kindness. My wife was very ill on the pas- sage, but great prai-e is d\»e to the doctor for his kindness to her. y am thinking of sending for some more of my family, and hope you will do as much for them as you done for me ; the agent told me I could get a hundred acres of land for myself and one for my mistress, and every child over 18 \ear8 ; so if I could get the rest of my family out, we could soon be ready to join it. I have a son and daughter-in-law, and a son in England, The children I have with me are the pmallest, and if I could get some of the older, they could help us more to prepare for the free land. I have not had much time to save much since I came ; I still have B'^me saved, nnd would wish some of them out, if you would be so kind as to write me a few lines, and Itt me know if they can ^et put in April or May, at the same price, 1 wculd be thankful to you — our passage was £4 5s.. each. It is likely my son-in-law and daughter-in-law will come first, they have two children, they are small, his name is Sam. Stuart, he was reared at Dundonald, but they are living at Donaghadee ; my son is the same name as myself, William Cammack I do not know how many of them is coming to I got their letter, so now I conclude by sending yoti my kiml thanks for your kindness to me, my address is, to the care of Alfred Meen, Postmaster, Greenwood, Pickering, Province of Ontario, Canada, for 't WiiiLiAM Cammack. Please write soon as I will know about them coming. To Charles Foy, Esq , Belfast, Ireland. Dresden, Province of Ontario, Canada, February 8th, 1873. Deab Sib. — I take thi« leave of addressing these few lines to you, as I think it my duty to my adopted country, and my countrymen at home. By all accounts I can see from Ireland, times are dull, and all expectation of a deal of emigrants coming to this country and to the States, but it would be well for them id ^ry Canada fir.st, for men wishing to buy farms, there is any quantity for sale of cleared or brush land to suit purchasers, on easy terms j no better land in any part of America for wheat, oat«, 88 barley, peas, potatoes, and corn ; our laws cannot be equalled ia the worliJ. A man haa all oliaiices to do well, it he wi.ihus higHj wages— for Inmbering, £4 16s to £8 a month and board; lorf farming, £8 per month and board, is the general rate, and tho men cannot bo had. Femalo servants are vury scarce, and get good wages. 8ir, there is some young men coming out to me in the Spring, I wifih you to forward them to Chatham, then they come to tny place on stage, and I shall bo obliged, if any of my countrymen call for my address, that you give it to thetn. I remain your obedient servant, Robert Gray. To Charles Foy. Esq , Belfabt, Irehind. The writer of the above^left the neighbourhood of Moira, a poor man ; ho now owns 200 acres of land, and has paid tho passages of seven farm labourers from his native place. — C.F. fj .. Kingston, Canada, ." , May 1;?., 1873. Sib, — According to promise, I write to let you know how I have succeeded in Canada. Perhaps you will blame me for nofc writing sooner, but I thought it better to wait until I had a year's experience, and then I would be better able to give a true opinion of the country. In the first place, allow me to say that a great many people in the old country undervalue the advan- tages offered. by the Canadian emigration aid passages, and think that the agents are nothing but a set of advertising quacks. Now, si", I have had an opportunity of testing the matter, from the engaging of my passage until I got settled in Kingston, I found your advice profitable throughout, and your description true to the lettei-. On my arrival at Quebec, I gave your letter to the agent, who gave me a ticket for Kingston, and the address of parties hsre, to whom my wife had a letter of introduction. On our arrival at Kingston depot, the caretaker took charge of all our luggage, and provided a cab for the women and ciiildren, the men of the party walking down to the office a distance of about a mile, where we were very kindly treated until we got; employment, which we all had by the next day. Mr. MacPherson the agent here is is a very kind gentiei.an, likewise Mr. Ilitchin, the care- taker. Nothing can exceed the kindnes.'? and attention that is paid to emigrants here, they want for nothing while under their care ; and now, sir, from my own experien.ce, and the opinion of the public, I believe the government agents are gentlemen of the kiadest natures. As regards the country, I need say little. It looks a little wild at first sight, and the impression usually made on the mind of emigrants, on their arrival, is that they want men, '' '^ 59 n r t a y f », f and indeed men are the only things they want, to make Canada one of the finest countries in the world. Tliere is a home here for every person that is willing to work, there are thousnnds of miles yet that the plough never touched so none need fear, there is employment and good wages for all. The climate is delightful, with the exception of about ten piercing cold days in the winter, and the same of hot days in summer, but a preat deal depends upon the kind of work you may bo engaged at for tho time. On the hottest day wo had last summer, I felt quite comfortable, although working in the open air, and, as for tho winter, [ walked a mile night and morning to my work, and never lost an hour, so it is not so bad after all. as it is reported; although, on tho whole, winter is colder than in Ireland, the air is more pure and bracing, and, I believe, a more healthy country than the former. There is one sign of prosperity visible in Kingstown, that is, that for thirteen thousand inhabitant--^, I have neither seen pawn- shops or beggars, so campare that with any town in Ireland. There are two carpenters from Belfast, who came out in the " Texas," joined work with my boss last week, their names are Anderson and M'CIure, as near as I can remember. There is rcom for a few good hands yet, I believe. Be sure to advise all mechanics to b ing as many tools with them as possible, as edged tools are very dear here. Clothing is much the same price as iu Belfast ; previsions are cheap, especially beef. Accept my best thanks for youv trouble, and believe me, dear sir, -Your most obedieui servant, James Black, Formerly of 63 Hanna Street, Belfast. fSfTo Charles Foy, Esq., Emigration Commissioner, Belfast. Port Hope, Jline 23, 1873. Richard MacPherson, Esq., Kin;^'3ton, - . . /^ Dear Sib, — I wish you could send me two farm labourers who have been accustomed to farm work. I would employ them for any period from one to twelve months. I have three newly arrived emigrants now in my employment. I keep ten men, as I farm -45 ) acres and li;ive over 20j head of stock. My farm is situated two miles West of Port Hope, on the Lake Shore Road, in one ofthe finest grain growing sections of the Provinca. Almost any number of farm labourer.? could find immediate employment ill. this neighbourhood, at wages from 18 dols, to 2-1 dols. per month. I will guarantee thi^ above wa^eg fco good men who have, worked on a firm, say, from £.{ 12 4 8d to £4 16s 8d sterling, * month. 60 It they enquire at Port Hope, almogt any one will direct them, or, if they go West on the Grand Trunk, thoy can come to my place, as the train crosses my farm. — Yours truly, TnoKAs Habbison, Box 78, Port Hope, Ontario. Letter to the Qoverament E nigrution Agent, at Kingijton Canada. Port Hope, July 7, 1873, To Mr. MacPherson, Government Agent at Kingston, Sib, — We take the opportunity of thanking you very kindly, for your kindness you shewed us, when we called upon you, and we thank you likewise for sen ling us to Mr. Harrison ; we have found him very kind to us in every respect, he has psid us with good wages for the first two month, and if we like the place after that we can stay on for the winter. Excuse these few lines. — We remain yours, most sincerely, Geoboe Eae. James Eekdkess. Port Hope, July 20, 1873. Mr. MacPherson, Dear Sib, — I wish to let you know that I am working to Mr. Harrison, where you sent me ; I get a dollat-and-a-quarter a day, and will get that till all the harvest is over. It is a very fine country here, I like it much better than the States, I was there five years. Now I want to get out my l''raily, and I hope you will get it done for me as cheap as possible. I would like you would write to Mr. Charles Foy, Belfast, and ask him how much the charge would be for three passages, as the money I have, I need to get a house prepared for them. My wifd will pay the money there. I will be very thankful if you drop me a note and let me know all I must do. Please let me hear soon, — Yours in respect, Care Mr. Tliomas Harrison, Port Ho^e. John Peden. The writter of the following (a German) was a Baker in Marsh's Confectionary Establishment, Belfast. Brookville, Ontario, Canada, 21st July, 1873. Deajb Sib, — I am glad to write to you from such a fine country you did send me and my family to, you will remember the German pastry cook and confectioner you did send to Canada last Easter. I have a very good place here. I get 10 dols. a week wages, and ' 61 can live with my family very well for 8 dole, a week, so I can save as much every week as I had wages altogether in Ireland. Dear sir, if you want to make use of this letter, I would be glad to see pastry cooks and bakers coming out here, every day people advertise for them, and I have been a good deal known among the bakers and pastry cooks in Belfast, so it may iiiduce some to come out. Dear sir, would you make use of this letter ? — I re- main your humble servant, Febdinaitd Ducius. To Charles Foy, Esq., 11, Claremont Street, Belfast. Clarendon Centre, Co. Pontine, Province of Quebec, 26th August, 1878. Bib, — No doubt you will be surprised to hear from me, you can look at your books, and you will find iiiy name, C. W. Lloyd, booked for steamer, " Texas," but I missed the " Texas," and came by the steamer "Missouri. I gave your letter to Mr. Wills, Ottawa, and I am sure he acted very kindly to me, and got me a very gotd ^ituation with a Mr. Shaw. I like the situation very much, and the people I am ■with are very nice people. If you could send out t-ome more working men, there is plenty of work here for all. I would be glad if you would write to me, hoping I am not giving you too much trouble. I could not sptak too lightly of this country j I did not like it at first, but now I like it first-class. 1 intend sending for my wife and little ones at once, and as they are living near Cork, could you arrange for a cheap way for them to get to Belfast. I have written to my wife, giving her your address; be good enough to send her as cheap and as comfortable as yoa possibly can. 1 think she will be ready about the 1st October next. I would be glad if you wrote to me. — Yours respectfully, C. W. Lloyd. To Charles Foy, Esq., Belfast, Ireland. From an Emigrant who left in the Spring, 1873. Castlemore, Canada, Oct. 12, 1873. Mt deae Mother and Bbotheb, — I now write these few lines, in answer to yours of the 10th, which found us all in good health, thank God, and I am very glad to see by it that you are all well, hoping this will find you the same ; well now, dear mother, I hardly know what to say first, but I am happy to tell you that James is going to Toronto to-morrow, to send you £ 1 5 to bring you both to ue. I hope and I trust in God you will get safe here. Jnmos will seud the money to Mr. Darragli, jou can get your passage at the same place as we did, as I have got the chccjuo for jny money, that Mr. Foy gave me a certificate for, ar.J I will got it to-morrow. Well now, dear mcdhor, father was over, and avo ■wore nil together to-day, nrranging ahout senling for you, ho looks well; it is only a fortnight since I Been him before. Dear mother, keep a few shillings till you get to Quebec, to pay for provisions on your way to Toronto, and bo sure and get tho agont to write, as we done to father and Janes, for they knew the very day we wei'e cnning, and you can write to us before you start a few days, and some of us will meet you in Toronto, nnd dear brother, you will have to mind your thin s in Quebec, and got them checked for Toronto. Dear mother a bit of oaten bread and butter is the best thing you could have on sea, and something to drink with it. I think I can tell you no more about your passage. James is with the same mnn ho went to first, and is engaged a<^ain for anothf^r year at a hundred nnd sixty dollars; his emph)yer is an Englieh- lYian, he was very kind to us when we camo out, and kept us some days nnd nights, and is always glad to see us if we go to SCO James. Now, mother, 1 have got little more to say; we all join in pending you all our kind love, hoping you will write soon, give our best respect*? to Mr. Darragh and family, so g«od bye, and maj' God protect you both on the passage. — Your affectionate (laughter and sister. Mart M'Quillan, Castlemore Post Office, Ontario, Canada, West. James got John's letter, but I don't think he will write as there is no use of us both writing. r r From a labourer who left the neighbourhood of Lurgan, to the gentleman who recommended him to me for an assisted passage. , C. F. " — Nepeau, Nov. 10, 1873. Mr. A. M'Laren. Sib, — I am now labouring in the farm with the employer to ■whom Mr. Foy sent me. This land is a very nice loamey soil, there is very little wood land here, as far as I can see, all round xne the land is in a liigh state of cultivation, and the fields are all pretty large, from 16 to 20 acres in each field ; the potaLoes are all very large, and a great many at the stock. I never seen as good a crop in Raiighlan ; but the swede turnips are not eo large iere as they are with you ; white carrots are larger here ; mangold- wursell is much the gajne us at home ; blaek oats yield above a f 68 busliol au(l-a-1ia1f to the stook ; wheat is much the eame as at home; ' all 18 grown without any manure. This farua i« 200 acres in sizo, and there in a godd stock of cattle on it ; also there ai-o splendid hay barns hero, the work I have got to do here is mucli tl»o same tm I have been dcjing with you, sometimes carting, lielping to milk the >;attle, and such like. I have built a sjilenoid sttme wall, a foundation for a wooden shed, eighty feet long, and two feet iu height, and other little, jobs of mason work, since 1 came here, and there in more of the same kind of work laid out for mo to do. Dear sir, I am well cared here, I get llesh-meat 3 tiiiies a day, tea twice, and butter in abundance. The wages I had at home would not purchase the same food that I got hero. I am 1 Ubs heavier since I came here, tell James Castles the beef is doing the work well. ' I wish you to remember mo to all my follow workmen, lell them I am well, strong, and in good health. I sunt h letter to Elizabeth on Saturday last, and £2 in it. 1 hope she has got it, I don't mean to let her waut anything she stands in noed of, so long as I am able to earn money, I will at nd her plenty. 'I hank God for all hi-, mercies to us. I seen Catherine Armstrong twice Bince I Ccime lure, sh • lives 4 miles off whore I uk, she is well and in a good place. I had a letter from Frank Girvan a few days ago, and expect to see him in a few days. Dear tir, I wish to be remembered to your misses and family, 1 hope you and thom are Avell, 1 will be glad to hear from you all ns soon as possible, Jet me know how the coursing- meeting got along. I get my •washing done in addition to ray wages, whieb is a great favour. Elizabeth Walker is well, and sends her kind love to vour Mrs. and tamily, she is a smart girl and a good cook, she could serve in any gentleman's house at present. Please, sir, send me a few lines, and tell me all the news you cars. No more at present.— 1 remain yours truly, John Stevenson. Direct your letter in care of Hugh Davidson, Esq., Fallowfield, Post Office, Nepeau, Co. Carleton, Ontario, Canada. ' To the Editor of the ''Belfast New8-Lettei\'' 11, Claremont i^^trei^t, Belfast, 18th October, 1873. Sib, — I sent the writer of the following and his family to Canada last April, — Yours, &c., Chables Fox. a St. Vincent, S "pt. 24, 1873,''*^ ' i ' * Dpab Brotheb William, — I received yours^ and have to thank joa for the newspapers you sent ; they were welcome indeed,/^ m would have written sooner, only waiting to get settled. I have bought a farm, three or four miles out of the town of Meaford^ abov^ a lake; a nice farm, nearly level with limestone cot torn, and good black clay — 200 acres, of which 150 acres cleared. I went into posRession on the Ist September, and. have now 12 acres of fall wheat sown, and have two ploughs ploughing every day. The out-offices are first-rate — three barns, two s+^^ables, and a large shed for cattle ; the dwelling-house is i)ot so good, it has three rooms on the ground, anl three upstairs, with a back kitchen, but I intend to build next summer, if spared life and health. I p^id 7,000 dollars, or about £1,400 sterling. I am happy and content. '*I have my buggy, and drive to Meaford every Saturday, for my week's supplies. I have four mortgages or four fartiis ; I get 8 per cent, interest ; I could get 10 per cent, on not<^3, bat I think land security safer. The Rector of the town transacts all my business. 1 drink no liquor except some beer when I am out. There is very little whiskey drurkjiere. We had two circuses in Meaford this summer, and what appeared strange, not a police- man, nor no necessity for them, nor a drunken man in the im- mense crowds. This is a fine d'- nate; I never had as good health in my life. The harvest i-^ now over, and a bountiful one it was. Wheat is selling here at 1 dol. 20 cents to 1 dol. 25 cents a bushel, equal to 4s lOd and 6s. This is the best wheat county in Canada. The children are at school about half-a mile from here. I feel very thankful that I am so comfortably settled in my new home in the west. I got here with my thirteen of a family, without one mistake ; nor did not lose a cent's worth. I am happy and content, and glad I came out. There are Gome very smart folk here. This farm is the fourth that 1 bought ; the other three, the owners would not fulfil theii- bargains ; but T wa3 not so green .. they thought, i im on the mail car road, three miles and-a-half from Meaford. I can hear the train whistle at two station?, when in my bed. I have good neighbours — Scotcii and Irish, but mostly Scotch. Write soon. Kind regards to all the family. — I remain, your affectionate brother, BoBEBT Gut. Portadowj, 24th October, 1871. Dear Sir, — David Munroe, who sailed in the ** Peruvian," on the 25th May last, has sent to his late employer, Mi. John Stinton, £8, to bring out his wife aud child ; they wish to go in the " Caspian," on Friday, from Derry. ' Too may recollect that Munroe went to Ottawa, aud aa the £8 will barely pay the passages of the wife andchild(18 months old) ^'I wotild feel obliged if you would givo her a letter to the Imnri- '"gratton Agent at Qtifibec to lorwardtbemf'r66. to Ottawa'/' t'^^^ '^*'"-^ atn sa^e that yoa. will be g'iad to hoar that this well-behaved ^^'Wtid nseful man npeaks highly of the new Dominion, anil I am safe ''^IVd^Vrill'^leBiae; he is a iirst-rate ploughman, and had the be:it of '^•i-ecc-omeadations from hU ettiployers hero;-— Your obedient ^Siirv^t^ '• ■ ■ ' • • •'-' •- ■ - ■.-h-i-" "fm^ ,( Charles Foy, Esq. •^ («¥«i;«aMio oitmn pi [ • ;''*';' 'V" ' t»ortadowri,l7tti- July; 181^ ^y>5Drtar aiir, — Jacob Crawford, who sailed laat August in theaail- t'iog vessel, " Lake Ontario," hag sent money to pay the passage of '"his wife, in the steamship '• Ad^triai..") Will yon please give her •'betters to. the Imnrtgration Agent in Canada, same as you gave her fcihtisHaud ; he is now working in Haoailfcon — Yours tralyj' ^htaod . i?m ^»i^«P ^oy, Esq., Belfast . ... : ;|)' Arcy Sinit A¥0N J- , 'too HOtJ aaav5 h7.:^.\ A ' ' "^ Kirnbiirn Post-office, Fitzroy, Co. Carleton, (Province of Ontario, Canada.) November 8, 19.71. ' -Dear Sir, — As requested by yon,; on leaving Belfast^ I write to you my opinion of Canada, as soon as I had time to form an opinion of the country I hope, at some future time, to write you, at more length, ray opinion of its resources, requirements, &c. i^-Ifeave not yet travelled over much, of the country, but can speak of the county Carleton and the Ottowa valley, where I am engaged, and will premise my remarks by telling yon that you in no wise eJEUggej^ted the advantages of this part of Ontario ; also to thank you for your great kindness to me. The lands are of first-rate "»< quality ; in same parts a rich de«*p Icwwn^ in others a rick vegetable If' thould,' with clay fiubsoiV mixed with sand, and capable of producing f* the finest crops of wheat, beans, oats, or wlmo-sr, any crop. : The '-"complaint with some farmers is that their land is too rich— no ^^' ti^ceHeity for manure. One farmer originally from the neighbour- iJ^bbd^bf Belfast, told me that he hmd taken fourteen crops of wheat '^<-' atid oaits without a pound of manure, and the last crop the boKt . if. He will sow the samo fteld in Spring wheat next year, which will '>' be th« fifteen tb crop of gfain. 'Th this* section manure is 'regarded more as a nuisance thati any thing else. 1 thought oi how the oouniies Down and Aubri it ' ikfnkeils eoonomiao their m^nura; there_,are many fi?om* iheso ;«6 . oopnties settl^^ here. The land is well adapted for the growth of flax, and would produps tlw finesfc quality ; any < jUantity qould be : , grpwu horQ i^ then? w^ye a majrket foi' it. 1 &^n>e with you ;that o-jlitiie Nprt|i of Ireland will soon be flawed out, ae top large an ai'ea ; isiBowDjiaild ids the .oi?Qp ia a very pxhaqB'iire one, the lapd'^wst .wBapoQt..|,,3Jhe raill''0w»er9 oannotjin fujsqr.; {depend ,iippi\ t|ie supply they have been getting in their own conntry ; ni^Xjbl^k: that if they directed their attention to Canada, and spend, half tti^^^^tJ'dht'tiiWy st)ent in encouraging the grqWthpfit«fli:%' India in Canada, they could -get' all th^y "wotlM t^tqutti^. Se^ide the adaptability of the soil, therejs the advantage of quick transit; from Montreal to Liverpool is made on an average in ten days. AjS;f)egai^^ the.lpbpitjr ,inarj^:efc, I need scarcely tell you that the supply 3S very W short of the demand. Ali the farm hands of - ': the- North o£ Ireland cbuld find rp^dy employ meiit athigh wages. i: Servant girls are also much required. Thet6 are many men lie*e, •; who can use the aixe^ getting £60 a-year and their board. Fai^m • .hands get more than double what they get in Ir^laiid, and gopd board, meat three times a day, rind thakof t^ebest qualityi. Woilld you kindly let me know if you expect to send many ne?t spring. Anything you desire to know about tiiis ^iibt ofCinafla I' will be glad to inform you tojhej^^^gtof my ability. ; ,io:loh«' > .00 c^.m. }m^ ^f.J^ *^°^' (.sfcr.fUiO ,ohfi,)tiO 'i .' yujuY9p,^ii) Alexander Gordon. '• Charles Foy, Esq., Commissioner of c^v».1^ . .EinigrattOnj iBelfast^ Irela^iiidi ,v i .A-,ii\ ^^j fSWM' *i* -'EntiQrmt tbi^ Uft ' ' OooMllli ' (Jt^" Oaiv^ Mth'''Ma^ch ,b3)iA?<(muiai fi'iTx'-'.' ,V;*;f.r.- f^^^ (£871). '^(SfAviftlTcD x^anoo otU io oevn an lu liv^-^f l.» !l««rf,> o;.__^Ji* \4A^M > g6gf6i%h]OitM^i«iiijyirf*^''jHf«fii«t»fl^^ BJ^Ft-JeiU So StB abiwl 9ii.i . ■..: v.a -,;;■!(: ui.fyf ii;-.ri:i: ■:s!(r/ •fo') uuV eld^tDear Fatlier arid Mbfcher,r— I l-eaeived your lc«kg watched for ■videtter on the BOth, and we were glad to hear that you w«re;all ti. T^ell ; we were soriy to , hear that you had lost a cow, but you never said wbat happened her, or what she, died of, I hppe Robert William has got better of his cold. Tharrk Gspd t am t< settled in my own house, uvd. I am as comfortable as XpQuld wish to be. I have a two-owt. pig hanging in my bpuse, a- ;jsarfel of flonPi the. oow thatMary's oncle g ive heJl, and 20 dollars'; wortb of wood ; it will do me till the Ujiddlq of Jiext winter. My house a"nd lot is iready money for me any time I like to eell it -, ijt: took i2p dol- lars to fence my'lot and build up my cow house, it would >l>old two toiis of ha^v iHayis 13 doUarft a.ton ;, sJtraw» 8 doUapB. J. U«ye;all n ■ ')f>aQiufqo '> 9$ paid for, thank God, and am ho!) dae a mftn a cent,^ and 'ifre at% living more oomfortable than ever I con|d bd in lii-eland oin a i^artn. I oan earn a dollar a day in the winter, packing salt in the salt works ; and I can earn a dollar and a qnarter (fia. 2d. of your money), a day in the summer time. I expect to do fap better than ever I coold in Ireland, for I will have a chanoo of giving' th6 children a trade, which I think I would nbt be able t5 d» in Ireland ; the school is not over the length of Henry M'Gau'a from oar bouse, and the meeting hoaee is just bemde it. We have'bi fine minister, he visited us since I came to Seaforth ; his name is MrJ Goldsmith, he is a fine preacher ; he puts us in mind of \ng liri M*Mahon, when he is in the pulpit and preaching*. Allan and I go every Sunday morning at half-past ted o'clock, and I keep house for Mary, and she goes out in the evening at h^tf-past six o'clock ; so thi* is a great blessincr that we are so near a place of ^worship and school for our children, and thank God we want for aiiothing. "We know nothing of the troubles the people had in this '^■■parfc of the country twenty years ago. Seaforth was only a wood, oftnd now it is as fine a business town as a man might Wish to go l4nto ; the train runs through it, and there are two flour mills, a corn mill, and a flax mill ; thTe are three salt works, a foundry, a stove ^tory, a carriage shop, plenty of waggon shop^ and blacksmiths' J shops; so that it is a very nice place for a man to rear a family in, '••« the minister told me ^hat where he was bofbre he was getting 1,400 dollars a year, and that he came to Seaforth for 1,100 dollars on account of his family. I Lave got the very best of neighbours. We have only one drunkard in the town, and I am sorry to say he is an Irishman, the unfortunate wretch; the people collected 4.0 ddllars to sdnd hini and hif ftamily to the States, and to get rid of .l^im. l^ut when he got the 40 dollars he drunk it ^every cent Mfijry s uncl^ T«fi,ll soon write to yovi; nejct tippie ypu hear from j^S^you '^ill _^t ouk" likenesses Hary say? phe will won wyit^.b^t ' ji^^ir^ks it would t^ke a fortnight |to teU ypu a\l ah& has to sa/ «bout t,his fine qpuntry. Kei^eniber us fcp all the pM, neighbours, .atjoujljtli* jT^of course, an^ to my Wol^her.— Your affectionate Soprnt-ii^y^;^^; ^;};;^, ! o,? t ^ !(iit '{UK ~ifi hr,:\ ,1-i'. 'j3o »r»ori oveil v" ! OJ t»(j n,ffi - ?.i < . - nwffi jir©t; .f^ «V Urom a iadlor w^o left Belfoutt November i(Mift.i iM ,T')?!rioO rfnoeol. ,ri«.4.r{,f>B oii/i: Quebec, Ut Mjarch, 1^?2. Dear Mr. Foy, — You will lio doubt thinkwe vei'y lin'kihd for not wtfitiugfi itp you ^yh^^ liiQaiTie here, but my reason was I wished to give this country a fair trial, not to pass rash senteucp hetore I comh be soitoewhat acquainted with the place and peo{)le; anvVnow I can say, with all my heart, I ottly wish I hftdtibtae here " wenty 68 years 8g5< I bAve met with friends everywhere, but one of the kindeat friends I eiYer experienced is Mr. Stafford, the Emigrant .Agenfc for Quebec; I could not tell you all his kindness in on© •ehort letter, aurtice it to say, a kind father could not be kinder to an only sob. I would wish you could bring gome influence to presa ■the Irish people to come out to this beautiful and plentiful country, and not be only existing in poverty at home, if I may call it home. (This is the finest country in the world. I gave Mr. Stafford the .letter you give n)e when I came, and he told me a merchant-tailor in Quebec wanted a first-class cutter, if he could find one coming out; 80 he asked me, as it was the sabbath day the vessel arrived, ■to stop in the Victoria Hotel until Monday morning, and he would .take me over ; so he didi and I was not five minutes in until he engaged me at 10 dollars per week till April. Hesnid the customer trade would bo over after Christmas, and could not give more through the winter, but he would raise ray salary on tho Ist of April, which he has done, for he has re-enga}ied me At 14 dollars ,per w«jek from April, next month, until next April, '73. He is ■ very wfel I pleased with me. He has a large business, it is the J largest in Quebec; he told me he had a stock of d620,OO0 worth of ^ goods. So now you see I did not affront you by your kind letters of introduction you give along with me. I expect my fansily out , here by the first week in May ; you will give them encouragement -to cross the Atlantic, for they are a little tiiiid of sailiiig^n Biccuse < ha$te. With kind regax'dfi,. I. remain,. 8inoer,elyyfturBjjio' t»(i,. .»-t00di: -v axfi do-govatf i .i^fimBl liid'io .i« ui. '» B fl n» oil imvii .^- '■ . i;i&,,u7'Q.i ' jif * m fe fc-.'fimb orto '{[no 97«ii sW 04- f)(sgi>aIIoo -.i..p>-^(j eiiiJ \iniin-n ■ ■■- '-'>"• .-•.'' .[.i.-n.!-\T '>« -! lo hh *'*« r»* f^nV ,?etfi.i% sfft ot ^('arnmoney, ^arch 19th, 1 872. • Dear Sir, — Having seen by advertisement in the BeZ/as^TTeeWv ^^_ Ntioa of Saturday last, that pamphlets laid other information re- ' speeling emigration to Canada may be had by application to you, and as I have great interest in anything relating to the prosperity of the Dominion (having sqnt three sons and two datighters to it already, and will probably send another ov two more yet), I take the liberty of writins; for a copy of those pamphlets, &c. I believe none of my children had at any time since any cause to regret leaving their native land, and if they had I must say the cause must have been in themselves. One of my daughters has £70 British, or 350' dodars, for teaching a Bchodl Within about two miles of Napanee, in the country. In p6stinsr the pamphlets, please address, Joseph Coulter, Carnmoney, Draperotuwn. , , . ,, .. v , . , \-My}yi I r tnd .ar^. o/fi anj^ yonj. ^aaoSt obedient, ^,^^j^Cl;»,arle5 Foy, Esq., ;. ' "• Joseph CoultEb. v<.'i^v/iili Olaremoni Sti^eet, i^elfast , ■^ Letter firqtir » young raan (one of five Inrothers), who left the neighbourhood of Moira, Co. Down. The men named George and Isaac Banks went fi'Sm the sktne nj|ghb'oiii>nood without any m^^tiff, aiid. npw awn «, h^ndr©d acres of ian^' irTuo-jorrjnfi eriX rP^H '■ Of) hna ''-■»rf8 3'(>i .^-Jic to ; J'r i.i,i;nj.^'- .-o.'i^ ,'oonJV • o*'' iiy dear Parents. -^t am now goirt^'to write Von a few short ""lihfeW^^oo long neglected— to let you k now we are all well at pre- . 'flent^' and tt-ust in God, who is the giver of all goodness, that you are both in good health, and erijoying every comfort which this world can flffbrd. I had a letter fk)ito Jane a ffew days ftgo, she is ' * well, arid she thinks a great deal of this Country ; I may say that ''.our winter is about gone, it has been a very pleasant one, and a ''great deal of work was done ; it has been very dry since last Jidy you would scftTcely get a drink in the country without sinking a vf6\\. We hav* been getting out square oak timber, as it is in '.gi-eat demand ; we bougnt it of parties standing in the bush. We ' m«tkfe it aiid draw it to the river, where it can De shipped to other ■ (cotintries. Men are very scarce in this ooftti try ; men's wages are '*d64 a month in the winter, and from £5 to £6 in the summer. I ^thirik that there is no better place ift the world than here, as work Hs plenty and men are not to be got fot* love or money. Last fall in 'the month of November, I paid George and Isaac Banks, £6 each per inonth and board, And was glad to get them. They have bought •JOO acres of land, and are living on it. The land here cannot be iBurpasSed in any coutitry. The tax is about sixpenoe to the pound, according to the real valuation of'property ; this pays all, school bill and all othei' taxes included, as the sohoolfe are free in this eountry. We can raise aS good crops here as yon can at home. I have cut wheat one ton to the acre, and it was the fieventhorop of 'Ml Wheat in succession, and the grontfd was nevei? toiannred. As for my part I like obis place too well ever to leave it. Robert was telling me that Thomas Boyle is coming out in the Spring; you can tell him that if he comes he Will find pWAtyof Work. And all the young men thinking of leaving home I would advise them to come here, and we will find them all work as soon as they arrive ; I can tell them what to do. I have little more to say. Anne and the two children are well, they join with me in sending ourloveto you, and also to Johnny and Minnie. — Your affectionate Son, Thomas Boyle sailed on the 12th April.— 0. P, 7*0 orU Jl'J ojfeoABOITT 08^ ©OMBSTUR SERVANTa .►J'ul (FfpnjL ^hQ Tgrontp Telegrc^h.) The numerous adV^iHlisiemdrit* ^f gfetierrAI 'servant gifls, nurses, and cooks, which appear day after day in the journals of the Pro- vince, show that, notwithstanding the eftorts of Miss Rye and othtirs to induct a large emigration hitherto of female "help," the demand still far exceeds the supply. A few years ago domestic servants- oould be engaged at a moderate of wages— say from three to five dollars a month — but now it is a difficult; matter to tprooure thg pe;p,vioe> pf »noh at nearly double these rates. There ars two, principal oau9^ which have led to this state of affair^— ,)i^e is the;jevident distaste whiqh t^ie large majority of ourna,tive ,.youug ^omen hav^ tci perfprin what is looked upon aa menial p^ftbour ; and the. other Is the ihoreais^d demand of late for female ^fiperativ^ in various bronches of iijBin\;if^otr">. The inducements -held forth by th« laj?ge manufacturing estt shments, though by yIVO mea,n8 very, active sp fair as comfort ai- joftoemed, ane yet jJBuffieisnfc to »t*i»ot so many young women in humble circum- i^tapces.that, as a na,tural consequence, the ranks from which n49me3ti|C servants ave reorujted 7%'r^pd^ wish to preil^l?ve iheir "gentility," have arrived on our ^jihor^^; biut, there has. he^A & s&d lack of farm laibouiers and 4-4QiPPte8t:Q servants. lucrea^ effajrjia should be m^9 tp induce ; ti^^eSP latter classes to make Capadp their home, and there would lilit^ no .di|5)CRlt^, m dpisg f» w§ae..thp, ptPper nxeans adopted.. , „,,^ ©d moifi ofiivbfl blfjow I Soioil ■^aivaef %o ^ i n\fiU {OviTifl \offi RK iiooe 8i: jf'ccv,' lis medi ban iiiw »w iiii*t ,a'i»i{ omt/o bnis ouiiA .\M oi oiQui tMt\i mi^Al .oh <»* iurfv/ »io »450 ST. IS • . . isar TBXA8 - - VHftO M^nPHtn ■ « - »4SB CABIN PASSACE LIVERPOOL AND BELFAST TO QUEBEC . . . .'. » . £12 12s and £14 14» EaeS Bet'th, According to accommodatioH. CHILDREN UNDER TWELVE YEARS HALF-PRICE / INFANTS UNDER TWELVE MONTHS .. .. .. .. FREE ST^SRAGE PASBAOS LIVERPOOL AND BELFAST to QUEBEC . .. .... .. £6 6a (InOudiiig an ample Mppty a/ Cooktd ProvUiont. CHILDREN UNDER EIGHT YEARS ..HALF-PRICE INFANTS UNDER TWELVE MONTHS ... .. ... ,. .. £1 U =T= ASSISTED PAiSAGES Are Granted by the Government of Canada to FARM LABOURERS, NAVVIES, FEMALE SERVANTS, and MECHANICS, by the Magnificent Steam-ships of this Line. liftEE GRANTS OF UAND, From 100 to 200 Aci^i in extent, are offered to Emigrants by the different Provincial Governments. ' ■■■ '' ' '"■'■"■ ' ■" • ■■ — For full particulart, apply to the CANADIAN GOVERNMENT AGENTS iu LONDON, LIVERPOOL, and BELFAST ; to the LOCAL AGENTS of the Com- pany ; or to FI.INN, MAII^, & MONTGOMERY, Managing Direotors, HABvvY bdVldimcis, jtamks strkbt, i.ivbbpooi<. .a w ij M o I K -xaoO orfi to eTHai)A JAOOJaifiol ;T3A'gSi::' /' i P »■■■ lOIl! ma HO I ( > Few are the years that have sufficed to change This whole broad land by transformation strange, Once far and wide the unbroken forests spread \ Their lonely wastes, mysterious .and dread— Foreots, whose echoes; aever had been stirred By the sweet music of an English word ; Where only rang the red-browed hunter's yell, And the wolfs howl through the dark sunless dell, Now fruitful fields and waving orchard trees Si)read their rich treasures to the summer breeze. Yonder, in queenly pride, a city stands, •Whence stately vesse^ od to distant lands ; Here smiles a hamlet tJiiough embowering green, And there the statelier village^spires a vseen— Here, by the brook-side cla^.ks the noisy mill. Here the white homestead nestle to the hill ; The modest school here flings wide its door To smiling crowds, that geek its simple lore ; There learning's shelter f^e ofmassiv^a waHs, Woos the young aspirant to classic halls ; And bids him in h«r hoarded treasures find, The giithered wealth of ail earth's gifted minds. iige range, ead \ ell, 3sd dell, >reeze. s; reen.