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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too l^rge to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 9rrata to pelure, )n d n 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 wimtrmtm ^^ /^ c /T, EX. BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OFFICIAL GUIDE AND SOUVENIR, pp. 45-49, MONTREAL, 1897. fS^/ ^ SYNOPSIS OF THE GEOLOGY OF MONTREAL By H. M. AMI, iVI.A., D.Sc. FELLOW OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES OF LONDON, SWITZERLAND AND AMERICA 1^ '^/(c^ AUTHOR'S EDITION. DEC. 1897. iH 1 The EDITH and LORNE PIERCE COLLECTION of CANADI ANA iiueeti's University at Kingston I'KINII'.I) I'.Y rnu CANADA 1':n(;kavin(; a i.n ikk.i; ai'Iunc. (c, i.id. MdN ritl'.AL. ^..:^ ^■^ ; Tlliv OlvOr.OGY OF MONTRHAL. 's/ » V lM)urte{jn distinct geoloL;ical ioiiiiations or hori- zons liave betMi described within a radius of a few miles from Montreal. Four of tliese belont;- to the Quaternar}' or newest system, one is doubtfully but probably referable to the I)e\(;nian, one to the vSilurian (Upper Silurian of Murchison), seven to the Ordovician (Lower vSilurian and Cambro- Silurian of many authors), and the remainder to the Laurentian or part of the great Archiean Complex. A geological map of Montreal and its environs would comprise four areas marked by four distinct orographic features wotthy of note, as foUows : (i) A more or less hilly and mountainous pla- teau of Archtcan rocks to the north and north-west of Montreal. (2) A broad, flat, more or less elevated Ordovi- cian plain. (3) A number of conspicuous, more or less elevated conical mountains or hills of volcanic ori- gin rising through the Ordovician plain. (4) Alluvium, marine clays and sands, gravel terraces and raised beaches accompanied by "till" and numerous phenomena characteristic of the "Great Ice Age." 2 British Medical Association Summary oi'" tmi': variots c.iioi.oc.icAi. i'ormations in AM) AROUND MONTR K.A I,, CANADA, AND SOMK OK THlilR MORI*; SAMICNT ( IIARACTKRS. ^ pijcIvStoci-:nh. Kxclusive of the fresli-water, lake and river deposits of more recent times, the Pleistocene forma- tions, in descending- order, consist of the following : T. vSaxicava vSani) Fo k:\iat ion, of Ivastern Canada. Characteristic fossils : Saxicava n/i>osa. My a arena ria, M. trnncata, ^facol/la fra^i^iiis. IT. Li':i)A Ci.Av Formation, marine clays with occasional sandy partings ; foraminiferal. Fossils : /,C(ia (^Portlandia) arctica^ Craniclla I-o\:;ani^ Of^liio- i^'ljf^/ia Sarsii, rolystoinclla cr/sf>a, etc. III. Glacial ok I^ouldkr Clays, Till. No fossil remains have as yet been found in the glacial clays of Montreal. Localities : St. Lonis and Mile-Ivnd Quarries, the Tanneries, etc., are excellent collecting grounds for Pleistocene fossils. DEVONIAN. Devonian KruptivKS, etc. To the Devonian ]{poch are ascribed those nepheline syenite masses, diabase, and trachyte, and other dyke rocks, which are so conspicuous and numerous about Montreal, holding Davvsonite, sodalite, ekeolite-syenite, etc. The eruptive masses comprise Mount Royal, Bekeil, Montarville, Rcmgemont, Mount Johnson, etc. An occasional ])ebble of fossiliferous Middle Devonian limestone marks the probable existence, at one time, of a basin of Devonian rocks in the Mont- real district, similar to those which are known to exist farther east along t)ie Famine River, and in ^» Souvenir of Montreal, fSq; 3 the Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec, or to tlie soulh in tlie Helclerbei-K mountains of New York State Such Devonian pebbles occur in the volcanic aff- Mlomerates or breccias of St. Helen's Island, just south ot Montreal. vSII.URIAN. LowKR Hki.dkkbkko Formation. Consists of somewhat limited patches of lisht §rav and compact more or less altered limestones which abound in fossil remanis, chiefly Brachiopoda. Fossils- Fa- vorites Got/,/an'^. Localities : Chambly, Rougemont, Riviere- des-FIurons, Bela*il. Brifish Mcdicnl Association I I I II. Utica Formation. Dark biown and black, ])rittle and Ijitiiniinous sbaU-s with occa.sional hand.s of limestone at the ha.sc. Kos.sils : A'cfcoi^ndpfus if) ciic/iaris, Lcptoi^ra/^fifs jJaccidiis, Lcpfoholiis i/isi}!;nis, Scliizocrania filosa, Connililcs iiiimafiiriun, Trocho- fifcs aiiiinoniits, '/'riaif/irHs Jiccki. T.ocalities : vSt. Helen's I.sland, West Ivnd, Point St. Charles, near \'ictoria Bridge. III. TkKNTon Forimation. Dark gray fossili- feroiis limestone and shales. Fossils : Clyf'tocystifts f,Oi^(Vii, //(■/(■roiii/n/s tenuis, Pacliyitictya acuta, JVcc- taml'ointcs scricca, Praso/uua Sr/nyz/i, l^aliiiaucl/a tcstuiiiiiaria, rarastropliia licniif^licata, J\aji/i,silobatus. Coiiu- laria 'I rciitoiicusis, Trochonniia tnu/>i/icatuni, /sofc/us }^i}^as, Calviucna sc/iaria. I.oci.lities : Mile-Iind and vSt. Louis quarries, Lachine, Pointe-aux-Trembles. Hochelaga. I\'. ]'>ird\s ICvk and Black Rivkr Forma- tion. Dark gray impure fo.ssiliferous limestones. Blocks of this limest(me were used in construct- ing the piers of the Victoria Tubular Bridge. Fossils : Tctradiunt Jil>ratu//i, Colunuiaria Ilalli, Solenopora couipacta, Strouiatoccriuiii ru,^osuin, Jfc- licotouia plauulata, Cyrtodonta Ifuro/ie/isis, Jiatliy- urus c'xta/is. Localities : Poiute-Claire, St. Vin- cent-de-Paul. \\ Chazy Formation. Light and dark gray fossiliferous limestones. Fossils : noHwporites Ame- ricaiuts, Malocvstites Afurcliisoni, l^lastoidocriuus car- c/iari(cdens, Rliyiichotroua plena, PJngula Belli, Ortliis, {Heheitella) iunralis, O. iniperator, Jhxtliyurns An-:elini. Localities: Sault - au - Rccollet, Back Mountain, St. Martin, Terrebonne, Caughnawaga. Excellent building .stone. S(>i/Tc//ir of AfoiitrcaL iS()7 5 \\. CAi.cii'KKors Formation. l)ark«;niy, im- puiv, more or less iiuignesiaii and arenaceous, fossil- iferous limestone. Fossils : J'/eiirolomaria atkifcra, r. Caitadcn.sis, Orf/iisiiia graiida'va, Ophihta coiit- plaiiata, O. disJiincUt, ITonnotonui Anna, Afe/o/y/o/na simplex, Orthoccras /jjn/nrd'i, Anipliion Salkri, Balhyiinis Cyhcic, Ribcira calcifcra, Lcperdilia Anna. Localities : vSte. Anne, Cau*;hna\vai;a, Carillon. VII. Potsdam (Sandstonk) Fok:mation. Light yellow, rnsty-weatliering sandstones. Fo.ssil remains : ScolUhus Canadensis, J'rofie/ini/es niulfino- tatus, P. lineafus, ]\ octonotatus, P. sepfeninolatiis. Localities : IJeauharnois, for tracks ; vSte. Anne, for Seal i thus. ARC II.lv AN. Laurkntian. The " Morin area." north of Montreal, has been recently described by Dr. Adams, and forms a part of that extensive series of granites and granitoid gnei.s.ses, limestones and anorthosiles so extinsively developed everywhere in North-FCast- ern Canada, covering as they do an area of more than two million .square miles. For a more detailed account of the geology of Montreal and its environs, the reader is referred to volume VII of the "Annual Report of the Geo- logical Survey of Canada," 1S96, in which Dr. Ivlls, Dr. Adams and the writer present the leading geo- logical features in the stratigraphy, petrograj^hy, and palcEontology respectively. The " Geology of Canada," 1863, by vSir Wm. Logan, \l. Ihlling.s, Sterry Hunt, etc., also contains excellent details on the same district, besides other districts of Ontario and Quebec.