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 HY 
 
 JOHN RUTHERFORD, Esq, C.E., M.I.M.E.. England. 
 
 ( Foriii:i-lii /n.ipi .■li'i' nf Mines in Nora Scotia.) 
 
 TOGETHKU WITH 
 
 A. :F Xj J^ IST 
 
 OK THK 
 
 GLACE BAY DISTRICT, 
 
 BY HENRY YOUL.E HiND, M.A. 
 
 OUTQRQP.a. "OK/THE SEAMS 
 
 •• ^ . • 
 
 A^JU fl"K* 
 
 DISTRIBUTION OF THE COAL. 
 
 HALIFAX, \. S. : 
 rULWED BY FoWLI'm & PATRICK, IJOLLIS STlil^ET, 
 
 1875. 
 
SuNNYsiDE, Windsor, N. S. 
 
 JhUi Sl.sf. 1879. 
 
 Dear iS/r,— I have now the pleasure to enclose the Maj) 
 of the Glace Bay District of the Sydney Oojil Field, with 
 sections showing the structure of this Basin. Your areas 
 are coloured pink so that they can be readily distinguished. 
 You will observe that the strata in the Basin are 
 .iyminetricaliy arranged, and according to numerous obser- 
 vations which now extend over nearly the entire Basin, 
 there is no evidence of dislocations between the two 
 anticlinal folds shown on the plan. The sections are made 
 in conformity with this view. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 HENRY Y. HIND, 
 
 Geologist. 
 
 THUS. S. REID, Esq. 
 
 Halifax, N. S. 
 
 60905 
 
/ 
 
REPORT, 
 
 Halifax, Novcmhc' lHh, 18fl9. 
 To Thomas S. Reid, E3Q. 
 
 Sir, — In accordance with your request I now submit the 
 following Report on your Con! Properlv at Glace Bay, 
 Cape Breton : — 
 
 The property consists of four areas, each one square milo 
 in extent. These areas extend irom the northern shore of 
 the Big Glace Bay along the coist line about half a mile on 
 the north side of the Little Glace Bay Harbor and seaward 
 at the eastermost part about two and" a quarter miles. 
 
 The importance of the position of the property and its 
 consequent value is due to the following circumstances ; 
 —Ist, The number and extent of the .seams of coal ; the 
 existence of which has been proved on the adjacent areas. 
 2nd, The facility and comparatively inexpensive manner 
 in which the .seams may be opened. 
 
 Careful explorations, made by Profes.sor Leslie, have 
 clearly defined the position of the principal beds in this 
 part of the Cape Breton Coal field The&e are known on 
 the northern side of Big Glace Bay as the Hub, the Harbor, 
 tlie Phehin and the Ross seams. 
 
 The first or uppermost in the series is the Hub seam 
 which is of the following sections : — 
 
 feet, inches. 
 
 Top Coal (coarse) \ 2 
 
 Coal (good) ' ^'5 6 
 
 Band(stone) ij ji 
 
 Coal (good) '"^ 
 
 Total 9 9j 
 
 It is worked exclusively by the Glace Bay Company the 
 line ol croj) being not far from the shore, and nearly altoge- 
 ther in that Company's property. 
 
( 
 
 6 
 
 The i)oxt seam, the Harbor, is also worked by the 8ame 
 .'ompany. It is of the following thickness : — 
 
 feet, inches. 
 
 Coal (coarse) .0 2| 
 
 " (good) 1 5 
 
 Band (soft) OJ 
 
 Coal (good) 3 4J 
 
 Total 5 OJ 
 
 The Phelan seam has been opened at the Caledonian Mine, 
 w'lich adjoins the Glace Bay Company's property on the 
 south and west ; it is 8ft. Sins, in thickness. 
 
 The Ross seam, the crop of which is farthest removed 
 from the shore, varies in thickness from 4 to 5^ feet. It 
 has not been mined on the north side of the Bay, but has 
 been opened at Schooner Pond on the south side. 
 
 There are other beds between these varying from 4 to 2 
 ieet in thickness; their present economic importance is 
 not such, however, as to require further notice. On the 
 Soutl.ern side of Big Glace Bay the continuitv and regu- 
 larity of the beds has been fully ascertained. The crops of 
 the upper seams do not, however, appear, owing to the 
 more southtrly position of the shore in relation to the 
 range of the northern crops ; but there is no reason to doubt 
 that they maintain their relative position with the lower 
 ones. The seams have a dip to the north-east varying from 
 5° to 7°. 
 
 The accompanying plan shows the crops of the seams and 
 will make clear the extent of the coal underlying the areas. 
 Assuming the crops of the Hub and Harbor seams to con- 
 tinue in a south-easterly course, it will be seen that the 
 northern area will contain a portion of the Hub seam and be 
 entirely underlaid by the Harbor, Phelan and Ross seams. 
 The cra[i of tiie Harbor seam will probably run along the 
 southern boundary of the adjoining area, and the seam will 
 thus extend under the whole of that area. It will also con- 
 tain the Phelan and Ross seams. The areas to the south- 
 ward of these will also contain a portion of th'^ Phelan seam 
 and the crop of the Ross seam is probably ne ir the southern 
 boundary of the property. It is, 1 think, unnecessary to go 
 into details of the quantity of coal that may be ootainod 
 
from each seam. In those areas in which the seams have 
 their crop, it will he evident that a portion of the coal must 
 be 'left for some distance from the crop in order to pro- 
 tect the workings ; and it is probable that some regulation 
 by Government of the proportion to be mined for some dis- 
 tance from it, may hereafter be considered desiraVile. The 
 dip of the seam and the character of the overlying strata 
 are the most important elements to be considered in framing 
 such regulation, and in this respect the property is favora- 
 bly circumstanced. 
 
 One other most important point in connection with these, 
 as with all submarine areas, is the mode of reaching the 
 coal. When the crop of any of the seams happens to be on 
 the land and near the shore, an easy means of access to that 
 team is by slope from the crop, if the dip of the seam be 
 such that the strata rapidly thickens between the bed of the 
 sea and the seam, or by driving a slope in the strata at such 
 an angle as will cut the seam at a point sufficiently protect- 
 ed by the overlying strata, and then proceednig in the 
 seam. The over or underlying seams could be reached by 
 shafts or driits from the first opened seam and the produce 
 of each seam have thus the same outlet. 
 
 So far as the Hub seam is concerned, the former of these 
 methods of opening can not be adopted, inasmuch as that 
 portion of the area which is underlaid by it, does not adjoin 
 the main land and it could not therefore be reached except 
 by passing through both the Glace Bay Company's coal, and 
 also that in the intervening area, to obtain the privilege to do 
 which would, I fear, be too costly. And for the sanit- 
 reason an opening of this senm by means of a shaft and 
 stone drift cannot be recommended. This is of less moment, 
 however, since it is only the extreme northern portion of 
 the area that could be worked. 
 
 Two other localities offer facilities for effecting an open- 
 ing into the seams. At one of these, the southern promontory 
 of Little Glace Bay, the Harbor seam could be entered by shaft 
 or drift near the shore ; the other is the corner of the 
 property adjoining the Clyde area, with the owners of which 
 an arrangement could probably be made for an opening in 
 the Pfaelan seam. 
 
 The chcice of either of these points must be regulated by 
 a consideratioD of the facility of shipment and other cir- 
 
cumstances. If arrangements could he made with tho 
 owners of the Ghioe Bay area, the opening on the south 
 f)romontary of the Bay wouKl he favorably situated'*for 
 fihipment in Glace Bay harbor, or if it be deemed prefera- 
 ble to open on th'> Phelan seam, probably a means of ship- 
 ment might be secured at Port Caledonia. 
 
 . In conclusion I may remark that the success which has 
 attended the working ot sea areas has considerably embold- 
 enpd the holders of similar areas; and no difficulty has 
 been experienced in opening in the manner described.' The 
 Victoria Colliery, at Low Point, is being prepared to work 
 extensively, and submarine operations are being successful! y 
 carried on at the Sydney Mines. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Your obed't. servt. 
 
 JOHN RUTHERFORD. 
 
9 
 
 Since the foregoing report was written, other seams under- 
 lying those named have been opened and found to be of 
 excellent quality, and of a woikahle size. These seams 
 now known as the Gardiner and the Lorway are 4 ft. 9 in. 
 and 4 ft. 6 in. in thickness respectively. They will doubt- 
 le.'^s underlie the entire property. 
 
 The following section is of interest in showing the relative 
 position of the aeams to each otiier. 
 
 STRATA. 
 
 THICKNESS. 
 
 BEAM. 
 
 THICKNESS ; 
 OF bEAM. 
 
 t 
 
 KEMABKS. 
 
 •Sandstone 
 ai.d Shale. 
 
 U40 feet. 
 
 Hub Seam. 
 
 9 ft. 
 
 8 in. . 
 
 [ Excellent, 
 gas coal 10,- 
 UOO c f. p. tn 
 
 Strata. 
 Strata. 
 
 520 
 
 24;} 
 
 i» 
 
 HarfK)r '* 
 Three ft. " 
 
 5 ft. 
 3 ft. 
 
 in. . 
 in. 
 
 Hard, com- 
 pact gas coal 
 
 Strata. 
 
 54 
 
 it 
 
 Back Pit '* 
 
 4 ft. 
 
 6 in. ; 
 
 1 
 
 ''Good for gas 
 
 Strata. 
 
 104 
 
 (t 
 
 Phelau " 
 
 8 ft. 
 
 3 iu. < 
 
 & domestic 
 
 purposes. 
 
 9 700 c. ft. 
 
 Strr ' a. 
 
 135 
 
 4» 
 
 Robs *' 
 
 5 ft. 
 
 in. . 
 
 gas ])er ton. 
 Good tor gas 
 yields 9500 
 
 Strata. 
 
 90 
 
 it 
 
 McRurv " 
 
 2 ft. 
 
 8 in. 
 
 c. f. per ton. 
 
 Strata. 
 
 400 
 
 • ( 
 
 liorway " 
 
 4 ft. 
 
 6 in. 
 
 
 Strata. 
 
 260 
 
 ti 
 
 Gardiner " 
 
 4 ft. 
 
 9 in. 
 
 
 Strata. 
 
 4(!0 
 
 a 
 
 (\)al 
 
 2 ft. 
 
 in. 
 
 
 Strata. 
 
 250 
 
 (i 
 
 Martin " 
 
 2 ft. 
 
 in. 
 
 '' 
 
 Strata. 
 
 2750 
 
 .i 
 
 Coal 
 
 51 ft. 
 
 4 in. 
 
 
 • Sew tha Coal Fields aud Coal Trade of Cape Breton by R. Brown, Esq.. 
 F. G. S. 
 
 A highly important addition to the value of the property 
 has been recently made, by the construction of a railway 
 from Sydney Harbor to Schooner Pond. This railway 
 passes the proposed opening on the Clyde area at a distance 
 of about a mile As it U connected with the extended line 
 to Louisburg now in cour.se of construction, the importance 
 of tlr.s position will be evident. 
 
10 
 
 The character of the Cane Breton coals ia now well 
 known. For gas makinc; they are held in high estimation; 
 the yield from some of the seams being as high as 10,000 
 cubic feet per ton. 
 
 In addition to the facilities afforded by tiie railways 
 named, it has been recently proposed to construct a ahipoing 
 place in False Bay Lake, distant from the property about 
 seven miles ; the scheme is undoubtedly feasible and will 
 materially add to the value of the property. 
 
 THOMAS S. REID. 
 Halifax, N. S. Jan. 25, 1875. 
 
11 
 
 Memo. — Description of Reid Areas at 
 
 Glace Bay. 
 
 Lease No. 73.— Dated June 26th. 1874. 
 
 Becciniiinc^ at the south-east ati(Tl(» of E. P. ArchhoM's 
 Mining lease, anci on th^ southern line of lea^e irranted 
 William Sword; thence bv tho ronrse cf btnt mentioned 
 P. 70° E. 126 chains; them-e south-ensterly pai-tllel to the 
 shore at high water mark 64 chains, or to the prolongation 
 of the northern lino of water lease granti^d the Caleduni i 
 Company ; thence I'V sjiid prolongUion and line N. 70° 10' 
 to the shore at high water mark, thence by high water 
 mark on the shore, northerly and westerly to the place of 
 beginning. 
 
 LICENSE TO WORK. 
 No. 86.— Dated June 12th, 1873. 
 
 Beginning on the northern line of License to Work, grant- 
 ed Thomas S. Reid, June 30t.h, 71, and on the eastern line of 
 license to work, granted John Taylor as attorney of the 
 estate late John B. Campbell, being a portion o! that known 
 as the Sword area; thence by the lir^t named line, S. 70° E. 
 160 chains, or to the eastern line of license to search grant- 
 ed Thomas S. Reid, June 13lh, '72, out of which this area 
 is selected ; thepce by last named lineN. 30° W. 76 chains; 
 thence N. 70° W. parallel to the line first described 96 
 chains, or to the eastern line of Taylor's license aforesaid ; 
 thence by said eastern line south-westerly to the place of 
 beginning. 
 
 LICENSE TO WORK. 
 
 No. 87.— Dated June 12th, 1873. * 
 
 Beginning at the northern shore of B\g Glace Bay Lake, 
 at the southern angle of the lease granted Converse, 
 Emery, Howe & Hubbard (Caledonia Company); thence by 
 
12 
 
 thoi'pof; tlipncc N. 20° E. 90 chains Hy the south-eastern 
 line of th^ sni-l water lea.se to the eastern angle thereof; 
 thence 8. 70° E. to tlie north-eastern hue of water lease 
 granted Kuye cfe Symonds, Thei-ce hy last Darned line 
 the shore of Glace Bny, the Northern line of lease 
 granted to Kaye & Symonds on the southern side of the 
 lake aforesaid, crossing the beach in iront thereof, and 
 the southern shore of the lalce to a point hearing S. 70° 
 E. from the place ot beginning; thence N. 70° W. crossing 
 the same lake to the place of beginning. 
 
 LICENSE TO WORK. 
 
 No. 92.— Dated June 10th, 1874. 
 
 Beginning at the North-west corner of E. P. Archbold's 
 Mining Lease, thence N. 60° E. 80 chains, thence S. 30° E. to 
 a lin'j, beini; the contiiiuntion of the north line of license to 
 work No. 42, granted to Thos, S. Reid, June 30th, 1871, 
 thence by said continuation and line North-westerly to the 
 shore of Glace Bay ; thenc3 by the shore northerly to the 
 place of tieginning; exclusive of that portion covered by 
 what is known as the Sword area, and one square mile 
 licensed Thomas S. Reid— covered by this description. 
 
 LICENSE TO WORK. 
 
 No. 93.— Dated June 10th, 1874. 
 
 Bpginningon the northern shore of Big Glace Bay Lake, at 
 the snuthern angle of lease granted the Caledonia Company ; 
 thence by the shore of said Lake, North-easterly to the sea 
 shore ; thence by the sea shore northerly to a point about 
 equidistant from the mouth of Little Glace Bay herbor 
 and "Shag Roost ;" thence S. 70° E. 190 chains ; thence 
 S. 20° W. 95 chains, until it met-ta high water mark ; 
 th^^nce westerlv bv said shore until it meets the Beach ia 
 front of Dysoii*5 Pond or Big Glace Bay Lake;, thence cross- 
 ing said beach south-westerly to the southern shore of Big 
 Glace Bay Lake ; thence by the shore to a point bearing 
 S. 70° E. from the pl^ce of beginning ; therce crossing said 
 lake to the place of beginning, exclusive of one square mile 
 leased the Oaled-psia O.ompsny, two ■^tjua re miles licensed 
 Thomas S. Reid, and that portipn.of fCaye and Symond's 
 lease covered by this description, ,