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Le diagramme suivant illustre la mdthode : 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 U- REPORT OF THE CANADIAN OBSERVATIONS OF tHS TRANSIT OF VENUS. 6th DECEMBER, 1882. / / HEPORT OF THE CANADIAN OBSERVATIONS OF THE TRANSIT OF VENUS, 6th DECEMBER, 1882. OBSERVATORY, TORONTO, 13th May, 1883. To THE Hon. A. W. MoLelan, Mnister of Marine and MsherieSf Ottawa. ' Sib, I have tho honor to report in reference to the preparation for, and results of the observations in Canada of tne Transit of Yenus of 6th Dec, 1882. Having, in tho spring of last year, had the honor to be entrusted by the Govern- ment with the general arrangements, in Canada, for observing the transit, and with procuring the necessary instrumental equipment, I instructed Lieut. Gordon, R. N., to proceed to England, and purchase various instruments, and to take the opportunity of visiting Oxfoi"d, to ascertain the exact way in which the English observers were being trained, and if possible himself to obtain some instruction. I also requested him to endeavour to obtain a practice model for use in Canada, as the time was very short for having anything made. In carrying out these instractions he was fortunate enough to be successful in every particular ; he also obtained from the Admiralty the loan of four Chronometers. Early in September the model was erected at McGill University, Montreal, and Dp, Jack, President of the New Brunswick University, Professors Johnson and MoLeod, of McGill University, and Mr. Chandler, practised with me in taking observ- ations of the contacts on the model. It is unnecessary to enter into any details of this practice ; I may, however, state that Professor McLeod who was the only one of the party who succeeded in obtaining observations of the actual transit, nearly always agreed with myself, within half a second, in the time he assigned to the contacts ; except when the circumstances of observation were very unfavourable owing to tremor from passing vehicles, or when sudden changes in the illumination occurred, which sometimes happened when the mirror in connection with the model was used. After leaving Montreal, I visited Quebec, Fredericton, and Kingston, and on my rettim to Toronto, ordered such smsJl additional apfdiancea as were necessary to ootli|^6te the equipment of these observatories for the purpose of the transit, 3 Daring my absence Lient. Gordon had visited Woodstock, and ascertained what was necessary to be done at the observatory there. In November the model was sot up on the tower of the University Buildings, Toronto, and the following gentlemen attended for practico :— Proiossor Williamson, Queen's University, KingHton, Professor Bain, and Dr. Haancl, Victoria University, Cobourg, Professor Wolverton, Baptist College, Woodstock, Profef-sor Hare, Ladies College, Whitby, Messrs. F. L Bluke, D.L.S., W. Millar, and S. E. Roberts, Toronto, and Mr. Shearman, Brantford ; as did also several members of the staff of the Meteoro- logical office. Arrangements had now been made for taking observations at the following places: WiNNiPBQ. — Observer — Prof. McLeod; assistant, H. V. Payne. Instruments— A four inch Achromxiic Telescope Alt. Azimuth Mounting, a Transit Instrument, two Chronometers. Woodstock. — Observer — Prof. Wolverton. Instrument — an eight inch Befractor, by Fitz of N. Y. ; aperture reduced to six inches . Toronto. — Observer — Charles Carpmaol, Director of the Observatory, assisted by members of the stalf. Instruments — a six inch Equatorial, by T. Co'^'' & Sons, York ; a three inch Transit instrument, con- strue by Troughton & Simras, London ; Sidereal Clock, Arnold, London, Chas. Frodsham, No. 84 ; a Mean Time Clock, Chrono- meters, &c. WHiTBr. — Observer— Prof. Hare, Ladies' College; a six inch Telescope by Fitz of N. Y. GoBOURO. — Observer — Prof. Bain, Victoria University ; a four and a quarter inch Telescope by Smith, Beck & Beck, London. JKiNQSTON. — Observer — Prof. Williamson ; assistant Prof. Dupuis. Instruments— A six and a half inch Equatorial, by Alvan Clark & Sons, of Cam- bridgeport, Mass. The Beaufoy Transit instrument; Clock by Prof. Dupuis, etc. Bbllxville.— Observer — Mr. Shearman, four inch Achromatic. Ottawa. — Observer — ^F. L. Blake, D.L.S., assistant Mr. B. C. Webber. Instruments — A four inch Achromatic from McGill University ; a Transit in- strument lent by the Department of the Interior. Montreal. — Observer — Prof. Johnson. Instruments — A six and a quarter inch Achromatic, and a Trandt instrument, etc. QusBEO. — Observer — Lieut. Gordon, R, N., assistant W. A. Ashe, D. L. S. Instru-, ments — ^An eight inch Equatorial, by Alvan Clark & Sons, aperture reduced to six inches. Halifax. — Observer — Mr. A. Allison. Instruments — A four inch Achromatic, by Dollond. Charlottetown. — Observer — H. J. Cundall, C. E. Instrument — ^A four inch Achro- matic. Frbdsricton. — Observer — Dr. Jack. Instruments — A seven inch Equatorial reduced to star inches, a Transit instrument, etc. As the instant at which certain phases appeared had to be noted, it was essential to the saccess of the observations that the various observers should have correct time, nrrangements were aecordirgly made with the Great North Western, and WestorQ i TTnion Telegraph Companies, for an exchange of time signals, the observers at Halifax, Fredericton, and also at Alontreal, exchanged time with Lieut. Gordon at Quebec ; and Quebec, Montreal and all points in Ontario, with myself at Toronto, we had thus on the night before the Transit, a complete interchange between all stations, with the exception of Winnipeg ; and it was further arranged that those stations, where observations were pecured, should come on again for a second interchange on the night after the Transit, and accordingly, on the night of the 6th I again ex- changed time with Cobourg, Belleville, Kingston and Ottawa, and also with Montreal. Prof. Mclieod also luade a determination of the longitude of his station at Winnipeg, by exchange of time signals with Prof. Hough of the " Dearborn " Observatory, Chicago, the .Telegraph Companies both in the United States, and Canada placing the wires at our disposal for the exchange of these signals without making any charge. On the day of the Transit, the stations at which contacts were secured were:— Winnipeg. — The two last contacts. Cobourg. — Third contact, atmosphere, however, very unsteady. Belleville. — Third contact, imperfect. Kingston. — The second, third and fourth contacts. Ottawa.— -The second, third and fourth contticts. Before proceeding to the Eeports of the various observers, it will be well to con- sider the errors of the Time-pieces employed. At all the stations, with the exception of Winnipeg, the times may be indirectly compared with the Toronto Clock, there having, as already stated, been an Interchange both on the night preceding, and on the night following the Transit. I have taken great pains to ascertain, as closely as I could, what were the errors of the Toronto Sidereal Clock on the two nights in question. In doing this I have met with unexpected difficulties, on examining the rates for the last eighteen years, during which no change has been made in the adjustment of the Clock, I find that the mean daily rates for the various months were as shewn in the following table :— TABLE Shewing Mean of Daily Bates of Sidereal Cock in each Mol '^^h, obtained from 18 years observations. MONTH. Mean Bate. Mean Pressure. Mean Temperature. Bate, + 01 January. . . February ■ March AprtI May June July August . . • ■ September. October ... November. December. -2-41W 1-8920 1-7496 2-0637 2-8917 3-6429 3-9177 3 8571 3-6901 8-5706 3-8350 2-8820 29-661 •646 •614 21-887 22-891 —2 0666 1-6212 1- •567 40 719 14041 •676 62-681 20399 •570 62-666 2-6277 •679 68 677 28061 •615 67-1)67 2-7708 •671 59-547 272M •649 47 286 2-8064 •6:« 84-840 27706 . •641 25 407 2'42IM The fi^ares shew that the Clock is nqder compensated for temperature : bnt tb« larger portion of the variation in Bate, does not seem to be due to dilferences of temper- ature. If we take the residual temperature correction as '0162 T, the rates for the months of July, Aug. Sept. Oct. and Nov., are brought into every close agreement, the losing rate then rapidly diminishes, and reaches its minimum in March, after which time it again rises, the rates as at temperature zero, with the correction •0162 T, applied, are shewn in column five of the Table. The only way in which I can account for this, is by supposing that there must be a periodic shifting of the foundations of the Clock, which affects its rate. This supposition will perfectly account for the minimum occurring in March, when the amount of fi'ost in the ground has reached its maximum. The lapidity with which the changes take place, varies a good deal from year to year, and at the beginning of December lusb, seems to have been unusually rapid, in obtaining the errors at various times, I have assumed, as being in close agreement with the observations, that the losing rate was diminishing at this time by '07, of a second per day, independently of the Temperature residual of -0162 T. The adopted errors of the Clock, when it shewed 12 hours, on the different days, were accordingly, as follows : Date. Error. Daily Bate. h. m. s. B. Nov: 28 5 16 50-88 3-28 '• 29 54-16 8-20 « 30 57-36 3-15 Deo. 1 60-61 3-13 <. 2 63-64 3-02 « 3 66*66 2-91 « 4 69-57 2-89 " 6 72-46 2-86 " 6 75-32 2-76 « 7 78-08 2-61 « 8 80-69 2-48 In taking the Transits fnc time, the collimation error was obtained by reflection from mercury, the le^rei error was determined frequently, but I have been compelled to assume a uulfurm Azimuth error from the 29th of November to tfae 8th of Decern* her, as the weather was such that it was impossible to obtain satisfactory observations for determining the error of Azimuth between these dates, the agreement, however, between the errors obtained, from stars of different Declinations, was such, as showed, that any residual error was small as compared with the uncertainty of the Clock, N 1)4 * It u I 01 I The following is an abstract of the observations for time .— Date. Not. 29 I)ea2., " 8.. ." 4.. " 1. " 7.. Htar. S Dracouis Y AqulliB a •• Sun a Ophiuohl V2 Ursae maj. a Cor. Bor. o SerpentiB II DraoonlB II Draconis • y « y Gygni 1^ •2 El a Cephei P Aquarll *p Cephei « Pegasl Corrected Clock. Time 01 Transit. h. m. 8. 13 65 34 63 14 23 4682 14 28 9 61 11 22 40-61 12 12 22 72 10 8 88-12 10 12 30-71 10 21 17-41 11 6 9-40 U 5 108 12 10 25-05 12 86 31-13 15 40 87 16 20 5-66 15 85 27-96 16 58 26-81 16 8 3-50 16 9 48 01 16 21 5 94 R. A. h. m. 8. iO 12 2011 19 40 41-38 10 45 4 04 18 SO 47 28 17 29 rJ-32 16 20 50-43 15 29 12 09 15 38 29-54 16 22 21-78 16 22 21-62 17 27 45 35 17 43 51 48 20 18 1 27 20 37 2609 aO 52 48-36 21 15 46 69 21 ae 23-92 21 27 808 21 88 26-46 Clock glow. UbHorved. h. m. 8. 6 16 54 48 54-66 54-43 5 17 0-07 6-60 12 81 12-28 12-13 12 88 20-54 20 30 20 36 20 40 20-44 20-40 20 38 20 42 20-07 20 52 Calcd. 54-42 64 48 64 49 6-68 G59 1223 24 -26 20 60 •71 •75 21-00 03 00 -10 -12 -12 •14 0-0. B. 006 0-08 -0-oe 0-00 -08 •04 - -13 •06 - -08 - -41 - -40 - 60 -•69 - •a - ^72 - -70 -lOS --88 • Three wires only. The large (iiscordanoe between the observed and calculated errorp on the 7th, I ascrihe to the rapid fall of temperature when the sKt of the transit room was opened, the thin rod of the pendulum taking up the temperature of the air much faster than the large mass of mercury in the bob. In the interchange of time, Chronometer, Eussell & Son's No. 7,050 was em- ployed, and the following errors were obtained by comparison, by the method of simultaneous beat between it and the Sidereal Clock : — h. m. s. 8. Dec. 4th 4 1 13-25 . Slow 26-39 5th 22 35 24- 26-99 5th 4 55 35-25 2 J -04 5th 20 30 25- 26-58 6th 4 50 45- 26-38 6th 10 8 45'5 26-24 7th 5 10 55- 26-27 7th 22 26 47*5 27-10 13th 21 47 24- 31-56 15th 1 5 47. 31-08 From these I have taken, as the errors at che times at which the interchange of time took place, tho fbllcying :— Deo. 6th throughout 6ih 7 h. 8 9 10 8. sloTV 27-04 26--?2 26-30 26.27 26-24 In signallinjgr tho timo on the nigl^^t of the 6th, the time Bignalled as an exact minute wuh the 33 seconds by tho Chronometer, on the night of the 6th, the second signalled was the 34. The return signals from all stations, except Kingston, were made by hand either from Clock or Chronometer, and were estimated at Toronto, by ear. At Kingston the Toronto signals wero taken down on a chronograph constructed ^j Prof. Dupuis, and the return signals were made by the Kingston clock, which was placed in circuit so as to beat every second except that at the exact minute. The following shews the results of the comparison on the two nights : — December 5th,— Toronto and Kingston. Toronto sending. Kingston sending. T. 11 16 3^-00 K 27-04 11 29 20-87 43-25 K. K. 11 46 0" 43-27 T. T. 11 33 12-30 27-04 11 17 0-04 11 28 37-62 11 17 04 11 45 16-73 ll 33 39-34 33 39-34 11 37-58 11 37-39 jmber 6th, — Toronto and Kingston. T. 9 28 34-00 K. 9 41 23 00 26-26 45-26 9 57 0-00 45-28 9 44 11-20 26-24 9 29 0-26 9 40 37-74 9 29 0-26 9 60 14-72 9 44 37-44 9 44 37-44 11 37-48 11 37-28 m. s. m. s. Mean difference on 5th, 11 37*48 On 6th, 11 37*38 December 5th, — ^Toronto, Ottawa. T. 10 4 23-00 27-04 10 5 0-04 O. 9 12 35-60 -7 11-21 10 19 46-71 10 5 0.04 0. 9 58 12-09 27 11-23 10 25 11-23 10 10 24-34 T. 10 9 67'30 2704 10 10 24-34 14 46 67 14 46-89 t ibecomW 6th,— l^oronto and Ottawa. T. 9 29 4'00 O. 9 17 1-BO 26-26 27 16-27 9 29 30-26 9 44 17 77 9 29 30 26 14 4761 O. 9 40 30'00 27 16-31 10 7 46'3l 9 62 68-64 14 47-67 T. 9 62 32-40 26-24 9 42 58-64 On the night of the 5th, the comparison with Cobourg gave, as the error of the Chronometer at Cobourg, on Toronto mean time fast, 2 m. 27' 3 s. at 14 hours ; and on the night of the 6th, at 9 20 fn^t, 2 m. 29- 2 s. The longitude of Toronto usnall}' boon taken as 6 h. 17 m. 33-49 sec. W* This result was obtained by an intorcliaitgo of time between Quebec and Toronto in January, 1867. Some recent interchanges of time have, however, led rae to infer that it may be somewhat too small. Arrangements have now been made to connect Montreal Observatory with Cambridge, and an interchange will be made at the same time between Montreal and Toronto, the result of which I will furnish in a supple- mentary report. At Ottawa, the chronometer which was employed was unfortunately subjected to a very great range of temperature, I have estimated as closely as I could, from Meteoi-ologioal observations in Ottawa, the approximate tompeiature of the chro- nometer during various periods, from one set of observations taken there, to another, and the temperature when within the Hotel and Telegraph Office has been taken at 70° fahr., an estimate rather bolow than above the mark. The rate of the chronom- eter at different temperatures was taken from comparisons made in Toronto, one period extending from January 1st to February 11th, at a niean temperature of 29*'.14, and a second period from February 12th to March 6th, at a mean temperature of 69'*.35. The daily rate of this chronometer at temperature 29°. 14 was found to be 7.892 see. per day, and at temperature 59°.35 — 4.023 sec. Assuming the change of rate with temperature to be uniform and taking the error at I D. 7 H. 65 M. by chronometer as 26 m. 32.82 sec. I obtained the following tabular errors of the chronometer. Date. Error. D. H. M. min. sec. 1 7 55 26 32-82 3 9 49 63-38 6 8 30 27 11-92 5 19 30 13-14 6 20 30 •45 6 2 15-16 6 8 30 17-29 7 8 19-34 7 4 44 20-01 4 The error given by this table at 7 d. 4 h. 44 m. exceeded that obtained by obser^ Ivation by 1.28 sees. Dividing this change uniformly over the period from the first lobseryation we should have errors and rates as follows :— s Date. Mean Temp. Hourly Rate. fii tdl«. D. H. M. 1 7 56 13-56 •4029 26 32-82 3 9 49 16-33 •3881 26 62-92 5 8 30 70-00 -1017 28 11*04 5 19 30 32-00 -3045 27 12*16 5 20 3'» 33-00 •2991 26 12^46 6 2 00 29.00 .3205^ 27 14^11 6 8 30 70-00 -1017 27 16-19 7 3 18-00 •3792 27 18-09 7 4 44 27 18-73 This coriected table gives the error at 3 d. 9 h. 49 m. within 0*1 sec. of the observed error. Id the above exchanges of time between Ottawa and Toronto, there is, however, a discrepancy between the mean of the results on the two nights of O'dl sec. Assuming that the change was due to a uniform error in the asrntion that during the day the sun's surface was mottled, but pre- sented no well-marked rice grains — no interlacibg willow pattern. I hope I have been able to make clear to you what was presented to our view on that day, from 1_ a.m. until 2 h. 33 m, 38 sec. p.m. ; that is, all phenomena that were seen, and the order in which and time at which they were seen. Again, Professor Bain says, on February 21st, 1883, " In answer to your note 16th inst., I have the honor to reply that ' ap contact ' means * approaching contact.' " Dr. Coleman put '♦ ap " down in the hurry, but " approaching " was the word used. Approximate position of observing station taken from United States Ghaiia of Lake Ontario. Latitude 43° 57 N. Longitude 5 h. 12 m. 3*7*5 sees. TIME NOTES . TT^TERNAL CONTACT AT EGRESS. A h. m. 32 sec. Atmosphere very unsteady. B 33 5 Approaching contact. C <( 27 Now. D (( 33 Cloud. E it 38 Passed. F Illumination of Atmosphere of Yenus. YiolMit boiling of Sun's surface, observations very unsatisfactory. (Signed) A. R. BAIN. REPORT OF THE OBSRRVATIOXS OF THE TRANSIT OF VENUS AT KINGSTON OBSERVATORY, CANADA, 6th DECEMBER, 1882. We had so far the advantage in preparing for the transit here that the longitude of the site of ttie former obsei'vatory bailding had been previously determined by every known method, coutinued for a number of years, as well as by telegraphic communication, to be 5h. 5m, 54.6 s, W., with a probable error of not more than two- tenths o| a secon4« \i > i> AT igitude ed by ;raphio I two- Its latitude had been no less oarefnlly ascertained by a series of observations neai* zenith stars,— particularly B. A. C. 4841, 5400, 6013. and 6731,— by transit with attached micrometer in the prime vertical, to be 44^ 13' 21" 7 N. The site of the new observatory building in which observations began to be taken laut year is on higher ground, and a little further to tLa west, and the neces- sary triangulation being made the longitude and latitude of the equatorial piev from which the transit was viewed were found to be 5h. 5m. 56s. 4 W., and 44° 13' 26" 2 N. respectively. The new Observatory is a neat frame building, conla!. g, besides the apart- ment for the observers, the transit rooms and two rooms in tb jquatorial tower, and the arrangements for opening and closing the (^ihuttors, and revolving the dome, act perfectly both in winter and summer. The instruments in the Observatory ara the " Beaufoy transit," leniby the Koyal Astronomical Society, and a small portable transit, by Simirs, both in excellent order, in the tower ; at the west end of the building is the Equatorial, by Alvan Clark. In the spare room below is preserved an interesting specimen of one of the best telescopes of the middle of last century, a reflecting Gregorian telescope con- structed by Shortt in 1742, with 7-inch parabolic reflector, and the original stand for movements in altitude and azimuth. This instrument was presented to the Observatoiy by Principal Leitch, of Queen's University. There are also mean time and sidereal clocks with excellent escape* ments, and compensation pendulums constructed by Professor Dupuis. The instruments usually employed are the large Beaufoy transit and the Equa- torial, and were those made use of in connection with the transit of Yenus. The Beaufoy transit has an object glass of three inches clear aperture and 50 inches focus. It is fitted with dew cap, with 5 vertical and 2 horizontal wires, and a striding level, the level has on it a new and accurate scale of divisions, each denoting one second of arc; the axis is supported on two pyramidal stone piers resting on a broad basis of the same material, which lies upon a solid mass of concrete extend- ing deep into the ground. The Er aatorial has a 6Mnch object glass of 8 feet focus, and at the end next the eye was fitted with a solar, reflecting prism and neutral tint glass wedge ; the eye piece employed in viewing the transit was a positive one, with a power of a hundred and twenty, which was found to give the sharpest and best defined vision of the limbs of the sun and planet. Besides the clocks already referred to, two other time keepers were available, and the times of contact as given by these on the day of the transit were alone employed. The one was a half second M. T. chronometer, number 2382, by Parkin- son and Frodsham, lent by the British Admiralty for the use of Canadian observers, and the other a very perfect M. T. clock in Prof Dupuis' house, with compensation pendulum, and Denison's gravity escapement, and electrically connected both with a chronograph there and with the Observatory. Both the clock and chronograph are of Prof. Dupuis' construction, the rate of the clock is very steady, as the recoi-d below shows: — Clook Erbors. Seconds Dec 3, 7 p.m. 38-49 5, 12 n. 43-29 6, 9 a.m. 44-11 6, 2 p.m. 44-56 6,10 " 45-28 7, 7 « 4719 8, 7 « 49-36 e u On the evening of the 6th Deoemher clock signals were received from Toronto as follows, and registered on the chronograph :— Toronto 17 m.; Kingston 29 m. 20 9 8. ; clock error, -j- 43-29 s. And also on the evening of the 6th as under:— Toronto, 29 m.; Kingnton, 41 m. 23 8.; clock error, -4- 45-28 8. On the evening of the 6th at 9 h. 28 m., 29 m., rfO m. and 31 ui. Toronto M.T. The corresponding times by Parkinson and Frodsham's chronometer at the King- ston Observatory were 9h. 23m. Us., 24m. Us., ::i5m. Us. and 26m. Us., the chronometer being 16 m. 23-'7 s. slow by Obdorvatory time and havine a daily losinar rate of 3-77 s.. s j- e. The difference between the mean times at Toronto and Kiiigstou, therefore, from the result of these signal exchanges is 1 1 m. 37*7 s. Bach second for four minutes of Kingston mean time was also on the evening of 6th signalled to Toronto. Special observations were made for the determination of the rates of the chrono- meter and clock every time the Wv,ather permitted for upwards of two weeks before the day of the transit, and the evening of the 6th being very fine advantage was taken, soon after the transit was over, of observations of stars for ascertaining the Observatory time, and the rates with all possible precision, and of completing the examination for azimuth. In the use of the transit for time the Equatorial thread intervals were ascertained by many observations of the principal circurapolar stars, and others to be : — Seconds. A. M. = 42 012 B. M. = 20-938 0. M. = 0-061 D. M. = 20-873 E. M. = 41-997 The error of pivots is -f '02 s. The level constant on the day of transit was — -03 sec, and the collimaticn —•08 sec, the azimuth error in consequence of some settling of the piers which had been suspected since the last adjustment in azimuth, was -{- 1-09 sec The collima* tion constant had been ascertained in the ordinary way by observations of the pole star with reversal, and that of azimuth by calculation from the observed times of passage of high and low stars. The weather for a week before the transit had been very unfavorable, and we began to fear that our preparations would prove fruitless after all, but we were agreeably disappointed by the 6th of December being on the whole a fine day, par- ticularly so in the afternoon. The early morning sky was overcast, as the time for the commencedient of the transit approached, however, it became clearer, and Pro- fessor Dupuis and I repaired to oar posts, while Mr. James M. Dupuis was at hand to render very useful assistance in various ways, as it might be necessary. One of the passing clouds which were beginning to disperse obscured the view of the first external contact, and the planet was in consequence not seen until it had partly entered on the sun's disc. This was at 8 h. 45 m. 5 sec. by chronometer, or 9 h. m. 26-76 sec. Observatory mean time. At 8 h. 53 m. by chronometer, or 9 h. 9 m. 21-8 sec K.O.M.T. — a line of light appeared round the planet on the side away from the sun, and apparently brighter towards the southern limb of the planet. The clouds had now paosed away, and approach to the first internal contact was noted at 9 h. 1 m. 25 sec. by chronometer, and by chronograph connected with mean time clock. The first internal contact itself, that is, when the limbs of the sun and planet appeared just to toaoh each other, took place as nearly as could be jadged at 9 h. thi Do guests we were during our stay in Winnipeg, and to whose thoughtful assistance we owe much. The pier for the transit instrument had, under the direction of His Lordship, already been built and arrangements made for the erection of a shelter, which, with some additions, proved suitable for the purpose of our work. The instruments placed under my care were a four-inoh refracting, alt-azimuth telescope ; a portable transit by Messrs. Tronghton and Simms and two mean timo clii'OUOmQtefs— 664 (tobios and 652 Murray. Tho telescope is in itid t)08Sds8ion of McGill College ; it has a focal length of 62 inches, and was provided with a first sarface* reflecting prism, an Airy eye-piece of power 160, and a neutral tint wedge, the eye-piece and prism wore made especially for this observation by Mr, Gandlach, of Rochester, N. Y,, and tho wedge is one purchased by you, being similar to those used in the British Observatories. The teloscoyio has a slow motion wrm gearing with handles for both altitudes and azimuth. The mounting is very steady. The tripod wati unconnected with tho floor of the shelter and rested directly on the ground. A rough adjustable seat was made at the station. The following will indicate the optical performance of tho telescope ; 1. The disc of a bright star out of focus is round, but has a somewhat jaggy edge. There is the usual change of colors as the eye-piece is pulled out, namely, — ^from greenish to a green centre bordared by purple, and beyond focus a purple centre Dor red by green changing as it is pulled still further out to a uniformly light pur^'ie disc. 2. On a night of not very good definition and full moonlight (S Gassiopete was easily seen double. "" 3. The rice-grains on the sun on the day of the transit were just visible with the thin edge of the wedge. The transit instrument belongs to the Observatory, Quebec. It has a clear aper- ture of If inches. It was mounted on a brick pier, two feet by two feet, capped with stone and built from a depth of six feet below the surface of the ground. The chronometer GGi is the property of the McGill College Observatory; it was repaired and cleaned by the Messrs. Bond, of Boston, for use on this expedition. The chronometer 652 is the property of the British Admiralty, being loaned for the purposes of the transit of Venus Observations in Canada. The instrument shelter was ten feet by fourteen, and was divided into two compartments. The roof was flat and sloped towards the south ; it was made in part; moveable in the telescope room, giving an uninterrupted view of the sun dur- ing the time of the transit. The transit room was provided with the usual opening. A photograph of the station is presented herewith. On unpacking the transit instrument, the striding level was found to have been broken. Two levels were at once forwarded to me from Montreal, one of which reached me unbroken. Previous to its arrival I was fortunate enough to meet Mr. Drummond, D.L.S., in Winnipeg, and to obtain from him a small striding level made by Messrs. Troughton & Simms. This level on being attached to the broken one by wooden clamps served to determine the inclination of the axis within small range. The value of one division of this bubble was found to be three and nine-tenths seconds of arc (3.9"). Owing to the shortness of the bubble the transit had to be levelled at the beginning of each evening's work. The value 01 one division (one-sixteenth of an inch) of the Montreal bubble was (2.4") two and four-tenth seconds of arc. On the 27th November the transit instrument vrza roughly got into position, and on this and the following night a number of star transits for wire intervals were obtained. These with the resulting equatorial intervals are given in a table attached hereto. While ihe number of stars observed is much too few to obtain permanent intervals from, I consider the intervals obtained to be sufficiently near the trath for the purpose in view. The first observations for time were made on November 29th, the Brammond level being used. The errors of the chronometers for this and subsequent determina- tions are given in a table appended hereto. Qloudy weather prevente4 fttrther of dj 11 olbdeinntlwiB Tintil iDeoembet 4th. wh«ti time was oamftilly detcnmiiMd. lHaUts are ffiven hvrewith showing details of time determinaitiens on Decemiwr 4th, 6th and Y'tti. On December Sth a solar in addition to siderial obser^itons was obtat*«d. ThTOugti the courtesy of the Great North Western Tel^raph Company and Mr. McDougall, Manager of the Winnipfeg <^ke, the line from Winnipeg to GMkirk ^ft cut and passed through our observing station. This gave connection with the Dear- born Observatory at Chicago through relays at Chicago and St. Paul's. Time Signals foe Longitude. The signals received were those of tbe clock at the Dearborn Observatory. Tfti s clock closes f.he circuit at intervals of two seooods up totheSind seoond for each minute, except before every 5th minute when the last contact is made at the 40th BMond. December 4th, p.m., signals were received during 12 minutes: — Ih. 22m. 18'35aeo. oo chronometer, 652 = 8h. Om. OOsec. on Dearborn clock. 21*3 chronometer fast 00 *Ih. 21m. 57*05sec. meantime at Winnipeg = 8h. Om. OOsec. Chicago M.l?. Observed difference in time Oh. 38m. 02.95sec. December 5fh, p.m., signals were received during 3 minutes: — 7h' 32m. 17'7sec. on chronometer 662 n= 6h. 10m. O-Osec. on Dearborn clobki 20*1 chTionometer fast 0*1 clock fast *th. 31m. 5T'6 sec. Winnipeg mean time=: 8h. 9m. 69-9 Chicago M.T. Observed difference in time 8h. 38m. 02'3sec. Mean of differences on December 4th and 5th...*..... Oh. 38m< O2'620ec. Allowance for armature and current time **. . ...... 0'12 Seduced difference in time »... Oh. 38m. O2'74s0c. Longitude of Dearborn Observatory 4 ^h. SOm^ 26'788ec. " Winnipeg sfation *6h. 28m. 29*628et;. Time signals were also received and sent on the night of December 8th, but as no time observation was made snbeequent to the tth^ and the rate of the standard chrpnometer was not verv well determined, I do not consider that ^ eliable difference of time can be obtained from the exchange. Hiis was tbe only night on whidfai my signals were received at the Deai born Observatory. My signals were dent by h'aoid and received on a chronograph. The difference of time thus recorded as given io me^ by Professor Hough is precisely the same— to a tenth of a second — as the difference observed by me. These times should differ by twice the armature and currient time. The error is no doubt almost entirely due to my imperfect sending, which besides bein^ by hand wa» not ctiierwise under fitvorable circumstances, -th^ signals received could be compared with the chronometer to the nearest tenth of a second wUh «MM^ On aceoant of these cirommstances, I have thought that grealer accuracy could be obtained by mwdring tbe difference of longitude depend on differences obtained in one direction only ; adding dn armature and current time as above. As will be observed on reference to the table giving chronometer errors, a time determination was made on December 4th ; this wad immediately after the exchange of time signals. On December 5th, there was no observation but time was well determinMl on the 6th. ^ilOaM^^mfjMtW^hmt^ weight to tM difference! in longitd^htained on the ni|uit of the 4th. Bat this refinement seems, under thd circam8ttt]|fieB, to be uwleeB. ao attempt was made to determine a peMbnal equation between Krofeaaor TSoagjIk and mjrMUT il a The great diffioalty experienced in the running of chronoitieters, ref«rre(i id elsewhere, made it quite impossible to obtain a very accurate determination of longi« tade. I consider the above result to bo within one second of the truth. It may be proper to add that the longitude of the station as taken from the map of the Government Lands Survey is 6 h. 28 m. 290 sec. Advantage was taken of every clear day to practice with the telescope, making record of times as if the transit of Yenus were actually taking place. The method of recording times, which was adopted, was as follows :— Mr. Payne called out the seconds from to 60 and made a record of each minute as it passed. When I called "now " be wrote the corresponding second — to the nearest half second — in a column opposite to the minute previously recorded. Having made this entry he continued counting until another signal was given. After the second signal time was recorded, Mr. Payne wrote from my dictation what was supposed to have been observed. This method was strictly adhered to during the actual observation, and a short statement of what was observed was written immediately after each contact. On the morning of December 6th, the sun was obscuretl by cloud and snowdrift until after 9 o'clock. When the sun had risen above the cloud and snowbanks it remained visible until it had again sunk behind them in the afternoon. The tempe* ratnre during the time of the observation of contact was 18° below zero, Faht., and the velocity of the wind was 24 miles per hour. On reaching the station shortly before 11 a.m., and directing the telescope on the sun it wns found to shake so violently as to make it impossible to keep the sun in view. We immediately set to work to screen the telescope from the wind. After moving it back so that it stood entirely within the shelter, we covered the roof open- ing with the exception of a hole about one foot square, through which the sun could be seen for some time before and after contact at egress. The telescope was then found to be perfectly steady. All arrangements were completed and the telescope directed on the sun at shortly before 1 o'clock, from which time until after the third oontaot Venus was kept in the field of the telescope, principally by Mr. Payne, as I wished to rest my eyes as much as possible before making the observation. Observations of 3bd and 4th Gontaots. Time record from Murray chronometer No. 652. At shortly after 1 h. 19 m. Mr. Payne began counting seconds. Tho following is an exact copy of the records :— al Contact Egress. h. 1 m. 20 21 s. 66 'i'Light about to be broken. Intern at 22 24 11 ^Blackness all the way across a secodd or two before this. h 1 40 41 , "3 "8 42 13 ^Lastappetrano* cf gapi «pprozim*to, - F - 43 .1-^ I-.I.'' fc 19 Bioa-grains jast yisible at third contact, illnmination poor. Extreme thin end of wedge used giving too dark a field, but enn very much too bright to be obeeryed without the wedge. This applies more particularly to the fourth contact. At times near the third contact the illumination was nearly as bright as I desired, but con* sidering the observation as a whole the field wan too dark. 1 should say that the time ofactnal iDternal contact — the first appearance of any well marked and persist* ent discontinuity in the illumination of the sun near the point of contact — was oon^ siderably nearer the first time, 1 h. 21 m. 66 sec. uncorrected, than the last, Ih. 22 m. 1 1 sec. The time I would wish to be taken as the moment of contact as above defined is Ih. 22 m. on chronometer, which was at the time of the observation 60*6 sec. fast, making the actual local time of contact Ih. 20m. 69*4 sec. At 1 h. 42 m. 13*0 sec. equal 1 h. 41 m. 12*4 sec, local time, there was the slight- est possible appearance of a gap in the limb of the sun. Just then the illumination became very bad, and my eye oeing rather tired, 1 lost sight of the point of '^ontaot. I have preferred to give my notes as made during the progress of the observa- tions and immediately after them, rather than what might perhaps better express my meaning, written at this time. I desire, however, to make the following additions to these notes : Definition waa iairly good, there being little or no boiling on the limb of the sun. My remarks as to illumination were written immediately after the fourth contact, and were made with the then condition of the atmosphere on my mind, and were undoubtedly intended to refer to that time ooly. These remarks are, however, correctly qualified in what follows them. The important point is that at third contact the seeing was sufficiently good to leave no dotibt whatever as to what I saw. There was no olack drop but merely a haze or smoky darkness which gradually increased to complete blackness. There was no haze at 1 h. 21 m. 65 sec, chronometer time, but it was the last instant at which I could definitely say there was no appearance of a haze. I waited rather too long before giving the second signal at 1 h. 22 m. 11 sec, chronome- ter time, and for this reason made the note attached thereto. The time I have indicated as what I would desire to be taken as the time of third contact must be very near the truth. i stopped observing at 1 h. 24m., and did not recommence until 1 h. 39 m. Ihe word approximate following the remark opposite to 1 h. 42 m. 13 sec. does not express what was intended. At that time the gap was seen, but it was not seen afterwards. Had I continued to see it I do not think that any appearance of " gap " would have been visible for more than five seconds after the recorded time. 1 am able to judge of this somewhat closely from my model practice. The minutes entered in the record preceding and following times of contact are the minutes dnrinff which counting was continued. After both i'^temal and external contacts I verified I&. Payne's counting by looking at the chronometer and his record while he still continued to count seconds. I am your obedient servant, (Signed), C. H. MoLEOD, -^I 90 eeMPAiRlSQMS OF ERRORS OF CHRONOMETERS. OTRHAY 6B2, and TOBIAS 6*4, a* WINNIPEG. (iBiahop'i 0 664 In transit liouse ; temp. 11**. )StrrQr»from observation. u, .ra. T " 16,8 17.2 (?) y664 in, transit UQCWW [f^om 5 tOrT p.q|»w temp. -5*. ) 17*2 probably a mistake for^Tli. •• " ** - 8 " 10 " 7.5 4.0 664 In transit tapose at temp^— 0,1 44 9 a.m. 3.8 1 • +28.9- 'Error from ratoi «♦. " •«- •♦. •♦ " ' apim. ' 8 « 1 8.8 ' 8t0 ' 2.8 1 •^^iJ?;>TtSS»ioM^ng«lJB^ afftr a» tlM atmusSmm^tmuai0Sm lilwork. •• 8 9 a.m. . 1.8. , +21.1 J +28,8 iSrroriftom.ratef «* " 9 p.m. 0.7 ■ " 4,« 8 a.m. 0.5 f • +22.2 +21.7 " " " " ... ,6.80 pjn. 11p.m. 1.1 1.5 : +22.6 +a.3 im^qMgP*' Avriag, trfuuH work to. 3Arn>rs'fiM>m obvnrvAUPW, ^' 6 9^.m. 1.9 \ [ " " iow sera on tt 'Murray 652 and Tobias 664, at Winnipio (St. John's Collioi). D«r. Deo. 8, Hoar. • ■ .*••* . • 11a.m. Noon 2.46 p.m. 1 16 p.m. 8.4S p.m. 604 Fast of 062 Brrora + fast; -alow. aiowc 062 (Ml 662 41.8 .871.8 87l4- 871.6 +2«.7 RXMARKA. -f60.7 +60.6 +80.1 "biSw^ero***"*"^'"* staUon , tMnp. 18» Solar obaerTatlon. From oomparlaon with atamlard* j 652 iraaalt work; temp. 29" below zero. jErroraiftwm alderlal obserratlona. TIMB 0B»BHVAT10irSl 6th a^ m^^'r'JL^^t'fL?^^^^^ *''*'"^ observatio»8 made on December 4th The stAwiobservBdi are item ther.AnieirioaiJ.Bphemerik »«»«eBtrate. 22 TRANSIT OBSERVATIONS. |i|' - ... Latitude 49° 1 w N., Longitude 6 b. 28 m. 2t '«)0. West. Instram. Brrors Date. 1882. star. 1 1 i s ai 1 Observed Mean tln-e OfXranali, by Chro. 662L Mean time of Stars. Passage. Observed tronometei £rror. oorreoted for •i 1 Bemarki. i 5 i < 1 Deo. 4.. iiUrteeMaJ. . N. 49» 64' L 6 8, 47, 49.64 8, 47, 86.68 4- see. i^.ll + 8eo. 18.06 The Incli- nation of axis was a Draoo.*.M. N.64°66' L 6 9.06,00.64 9, 06, 49.70 10.94 10.67 observed as fol* 4 Draco. N. ISf 16' L 2 7, 11, 41.00 7, U, 86.00 4.70 4.22 lows:— a 8p.m.=W. /i Arletis N. 20' 14' U 6 8, 68, 11.68 8,62,63.68 18.06 18.38 21.09 1 +ai6 seo; 3 10.16p.m.^ 0. W. ¥ 0.« iiPlsolum.... N. 14" 46' ii 5 8, 30, 17.22 8, 29, 69.95 17.27 17.46 20.57 a see. ; 10.45 a p-m. = W. H +0.62 see. The oor- oPlsolum.... N. 8»34' II 5 8, 44, 14.74 8,43.67.21 17.68 17.78 21.19 9'Oett .-. 8" 47' II 5 8, 28, 14.98 8,22,67.96 17.08 17.14 21.61 reoUon for Inequality Mean - 21.11 of pivots /inrMin N. 74" 38' L 4 0,65,86ilO 9,65,28.88 6.22 Is Includ- 6.07 ed in the above level SUrMin N. 76" 18' L 8 9,32,2064 9,82,16.04 4.60 8.46 •g errors :— ^ It Is W.+ aPersei N.49<'27' U 8 10,20,47.80 10, 20, 28.30 19.60 20.60 20.6 ^ -16 sea for e,lamp east. aCeti K. 8*88' u s 10,00,60.46 9,^2.CV.68 10,00,41.70 9, 41, 49.20 17 76 18 16 21.9 ^ yOetl. N. 2" 44' u 6 18.88 18.70 Mean • 22.4 .21.63 aPerMi N.47"26' u 8 10,80,2L46 10,80,02.66 18.81 20.8 20.6 1 iiTaorl N.28»24' <4 6 10, 46, 14J8 10,44,66.80 17.68 2nd 84 18.6 ai.o 1 9t. Mean - ao.8 1 Mean Chro. erro?.*, lamp east is + 21.11 «» " « west is 4- 21.63 Ohro. 652, fast [- 21.37 COMBINATIONS FOE AZIMUTH. Lamp East. Lamp Wist. fj TTrsffi Majoris and /3 Arietis = 5.27. a Braoonis and 97 Pisoium = 4.4. a Draoonis and Pisoium = 4.74. 4 Draconia and Q' Ceti = 4.31. Mean = 4.68. Ij Ursffi Minoris and y Ceti 6 Ursffi Minoris and a Ceti Mean = 5.75. = 5.6. = 6.62, MeM) of IJamp W. imd Lamp £. = -{- 6.16, m. Mf^::''-:b' Time beierminations from Transit Observations at Winnipeg ; Latitude 49° 65' N. ; Longitude 6h. 28m. 29.5 sec. W. ■ *t Corrected for g S-i Observed hronomete Error. error of Star. i 1 a a 4 Mean time of Stars. Passage. Observed 'lime ol Transit on Chro. No. 652. Date. i u S" Remark*. L 6 u Hi 66.64 S' i3 DecC, X Draconls... N. 69»59' 6. ao, 88.57 6, 21, 33 72 -|- sec. 67.15 Inclination ^-^ of axis ob- 1882L.. eDraoo(H).. N. Te* 19' L a 5, 22, 80.25 6, 28, 21.60 53.26 62.86 § served as follows: 5b. O.K. 4468.... N.78"46' U 4 6,46,21.04 6, 47, 28.90 62.86 64.18 e4 20m. =W + *16 sec ; 6h. Oepbei N. e7?29' <« 4 6, 11, 1)6.02 6, 12, 08.60 62.58 68.88 •85 rain. =W + 40. Going: of t Oephei N. 86' 35' 4< 6 6.43,51.811 6, 48, 63.64 62.34 62.87 ■Andromedee N. 2b« 27' l< S 6. 60. 2X.46 7, 00, 28.46 60.00 60.40 61.32 *|Chro.proba- Sbly not very eq steady, al- Markab N. 14" 86' II 4 6, 66. 13.70 5,67,18.20 60.41 66.62 60.04 Atbough Its •* Plsoium... N. e^lS' M 4 6, 60, 27.30 6, 51, 26.80 60.41 60.70 61.24 S total change Sduring ex- '^posure.from t PlMiaRi ... N. 5" 0' 4( 6 6, 31, 08.18 6,82,08.08 59.90 60. r 61.78 standard Ohra was Fomalhaat.. a. WW <• b 6, 48, 28.70 5,49,28.08 68.38 58.48 60.74 only 110 of » second. Mean • 61.2 Note-Posi- tion of In- 4 Draco (H). ■ N. li' 16' L 8 7,08,45.38 7,04,47.05 61.72 61.72 (Eero.) strament In .azi math 'gwasohang'd «on 6th at 822 Camelop (H) N. 84" 02' <• 4 7,46,06.84 7, 46, 06.74 60.40 58.00 a OaasiopesB. N.SficM' U b 7,80,66.28 7,81,54.64 68.81 68.07 ^r.boat7p.m. ^ An'lromedcB N.85« 0' ti 5 8,00,09.56 8,01,08.06 68.60 68.78 68.73 d Inclination Sof axis ob- •J served as foIloviFs : 7h. « Pistian*... N. 7M5' •< 8 7, 68, 6L89 7,64.50.17 68.78 68.00 68.90 ^Cett 8. 18» 88' II 4 7, 34, 44.97 7,86,44.84 69.87 60.37 60.87 M6m.4=W - •*15 sec. ; 8b.- Mean - 60.00 a-15m.=W + S'16 sec No 'rdevlatlon in 7a B i m n t h ; here. H Instrament y Piseium... N. 14« 46' u 8 8, 22, 06.10 8, 28, 06.86 68.76 60.02 •'Cetl a. 8»47' It 8 8,16,06.12 8, 16, 04.97 68.85 60.02 prohnbl y distnrbed on reversal. Error ofOhro.-^l-20+WW - «,•! In first set on combining for azimuth as follows : — t Oephei and Fomalhant = 2.5 ; o Gephei and i Piseium = 2 1 ; Groombrid^e 4163 and (•> Piseium = 2.1 ; 9 Draconis and Karkab= 2.4 ; a Draoonis a Andromeda =1.8. 2.5 + 2.1 + 2.1 + 2.4 + 1.8 __ g.g 5 The mean anmnthal doviation to be obtained from the 2nd set is about ** Nil." The ooilimation error obtained by reversal on two stars (on the 4th) was only 4- .05 see. The 8rd set of observations being compared with the second (above) •hows this oorresiion to be still very small. ' U- Hi W I ti- ll time (fiatsnnbaftoR from Trmsft Gbservatttn^ A Wiflnipeg. XAtitade 49° 58' N. ; Longitade^ h. 28 m. 29.5 sec. W. Date. 188X Dm. 7. Btwr. |^«' N.82»14' N. w^mf N.4s^ar N.82«4li' N. 28"»» N. IV^'iS' o I 4S L <8740 Mean - ''IKr.60 '61.35| 62.40 66.^ 56^ 66.67 87.87 87.22 **7.7l' I 'mMft,«mptmilaM9 —0.4 Oluio, vitte as «| deduced from ateMnqMtMisonbe* U fore and after g see. perj hoar. '87.60 S 4to(laMdto0pm M beginnli)g of 56.20 87:G8 '87.28 66.441 57i«8^'87.« 8 j 1 ^There Is ho ap- 11,06, 18J48 > 5i>.87l 65.9ll' 56i82| ^O-M ^MMtohla azi- ■ einath deflation Mean - 87;aB&n edttwlr po- A-ti9p.m.Bnrorof0bfiK>. 67.881 aiiau«»«» uh of azi ' >feeryed i«li ' /■»:— h.m. 1116 := «ir-Hn.i6s6o 1215 = W4^8& isltlon. SOLAJt TIULNSIT, 6th PBOBMBUB, 1882. I OfaoervedTime. Paasage. 1st limb. tkJKPW cfbeenred nme. Passage. 2ndljimli. U, 61, 09.96 11,6^81.06 Chronometer readlagfor Transit of Bon's cantre. U. 82, 90.62 Mean time of iSunts passage. n. -n 51 Observed Chrohom. error. 66.-49 Chronometer error oonreoted for aslmath + a.2«eos. ^.46 W l >" The aeiinathal de' d.\tioii used to redooe sotor o bs err ati on is that obtained from observations on the night of the 6th before reversal. As the oollimation error is very ifviallriMad the J«vMeorv»Gtion,(«rrer)«:as^(^^ obsenred .t)iro.|gh in^dyerjbance, tefc tJii^^NmmintsM of Jih«Aic.baii^4ie0j.'l7 the aafoaas Ati6, p4A.» 'Wocin yf.;v,a9 -^ *16, i$- be more thftn a small unction oJPn second in Anoc. M. of IjGOseo. 4*66 r#te M id from rtfonjb*- Qd after uw-0.4 Brj hour. «dtoepm il4g of ■r*. 1^ 4>n of ' >ierved ft'.— !• |io »P- >ble ari- de^latlon Ithslr po- ronowetor )rooiveotea r aElmnth ha.2ieoa. 26 Determination of Equatorial Intervals of Wires in Transit Instrument. TROUGHTON and SIMMS, Makers, Focal Length, 24 inches. Clear Aperture, one and throe-quarter inches. Date, 1882. Btar. Nov. 27th.! 88 Casslopeae. . . I I Casslopeae.... ' 50 Cassiopeae. . . a Cygni a Cepbel o Urs8B Majoris. Bootis iS Ursae Min. . . . 6 Persei 5 UrsaeMin.... i Ursae Min.... « 1 « 6 42.44 76.70 38.70 -.30 37.80 96.74 48.74 -.06 47.86 42.28 21.48 21.22 64.36 32.56 -.S4 31.94 64.86 32.86 -.14 32.14 48.90 24 90 4-20 24.40 113.70 57.70 -.06 56.00 44-24 22.74 +M 22.26 128.30 64.10 4- -40 62.90 146.70 74.20 +.70 72.80 87.44 Fquiitorlal Intervals. + 29.99 77.30 15 .10.12 97. "'O 5 30. i;! 43.02 i 29.97 64.64 65.44 49.60 114.10 30.13 44.76 127.90 148.80 30.11 ;i0.07 29. ^-^ 29.9* 30.09 :^0.13 30.048 -I- ld.I4 15.20 5.18 15.22 15.23 15.23 15.19 15.29 15.39 15.27 15.24 15. 'AS! 4..02 -.11 —.02 -.16 —.06 + f2 -.02 +.02 +.09 +.14 +.002 14.75 30.22 14.84 I 30.3-i 14.90 15.04 30.38 Lamp 30.49 14.95 : 80.25 14.90 I 80.34 14.89 I 30.26 I 14.84 i 30.33 15.06 14.99 14.95 30.28 30.47 30.66 14.918 30.858 East or Clamp WeBt. Means. .^ ^M uned from va. error is ,,<***«>""•'■ \«4^ i2:E: PLAN^ OF TRANSIT SHEWING f^^'Z^ -^ H "L'^NUS STATION WINNIPEG MAN. BT'^DecembeR 1888 -— "VT."^*- — ' — ^ JV»/^ 6Ckai7is/396) effual to one inch t/NCDLOl/l\ED STf{EETS Af^E /Joj fET bJiuT l/PO//.^ TffJS'^