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The 74 Bottle, Thy 66 ( 'ampaign SoDgi "H Camilla's Consumiitiim of Liijuor 17 CanaiU'g Drink Bill 1« Case of Mttiiitol*, The 31 «;all to Amii, A 13 Catholic Chnrch on Temperance, The. . 51 Clippings and Notes H7 Convention Reportii, The 16 ConRUinptionof Liijuor, Canada's 17 CoHi of the Liquor Trattic . 20 County Organization 95 C iii«. Drink and, in Canada -H Criminal Complicity 55 Dextroy th Drink Dragon "5 Drink Bill, Canada'n 18 Drink and Crime in Canada 28 Effective I'lan, An 92 Facts .-.tout Maine, Tlie Ui Factx, not Opinions 83 (•reat I^iesson, A 41 Harvest of Death, The ... 63 Heredity of Alcohol, The 91 House-ileuning in Ontario 57 Is Canada to I.^^'ad '! 34 Is Drinking Increasing ? 26 Kansas, Prohibition in 42 Labor Leader's Views, A S4 Law Enforcement 59 Licenses in Prohib' ,u States 85 Liijuor Licenses in Ontario 36 Liquor Traffic, Cost of the 20 I'AIIK Literature Circulation 93 Load to he Lifted, A 77 Local Leagues 9^ Maine, The Facts a'oout 4« Manitoba, The Case of 3! Medical Opinion ^ Military Men on Drinking 64 National Disgrace, A 49 Ontario Liquor .ict, 1902, Summary of. H Ontario, Liquor Licenses in 36 oniario. The Situation in ... 5 Parasitic Institution, A 40 PioMfr, The, for Distribution 96 Plea for Temperance and Prohibition, A .'13 Plebiscite Figures, The 33 Prohibition and Taxation 23 Prohibition Docs Prohibit 37 Pri 'hibition in Kansas 42 Prohibition League 93 Queer Questions 73 Revenue Qui-stion, The 25 Root of the Matter, The «9 Save tlie Boys 70 Situation in Ontario, The 5 Sol)cr l)y Law 50 Scott Alt Facts, N)me .39 Summary of tlic Ontario Liquor Act, 19<>2 8 Suggestions Regarding P-iblic Meetings 93 Vote Needed, The 12 We Shall Win 22 Whieli Will You Vote For r 72 Who May Vote 11 Wreckers, The 70 VHE CAMPAIGN MANUAL THE SITUA'riON IN ONTARIO A good Buiny friends of the temper- am e cause In different parts oi the Dominion, and In other countries, an> at present watching with much Inter- est the battle that Is being waged in the Province of '^ntarlo. Some of tbeiii are desirous o. obtaining r exact Information as to the origin nature of the present cont< H, and .ae following facts are i»ii c " Inr their Infofmalon : The re->"r, .1 (fleer, or servant thereof, or pe »n resorting thereto, who sell or barters, or therein gives liquor to any person, and any one who directly or Indirectly keeps or assists or abets in getting or 10 THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. maintaining any clubhouse or society room or hall or other place where liquor is received or kept to be used, given or sold as a beverage, or dis- tributed among the members by any means whatever, shall be held to have •:'ommitted an offence against this Act, and shall be subject to the maximum penalties which the Act imposes. Proof of consumption or intended consumption of liquor on such prem- ises by any person, shall be conclusive evidence of the violation of thp law. Any occupant of premises where liquor is thus illegally used, or any person resorting thereto, shall be con- sidered a violator of the law. If the occupant of any private dwelling house, or of any part of such house. Is convicted of a violation of the Act then that house shall not afterwards be considered a private dwelling house as long as he resides there. Penalties For selling or giving liquor, or keeping liquor for sale, contrary to the law, whether by a person not duly licensed or by a licensed druggist in unlawful places or hours, or to per- sons to whom it Is not lawful to sell, the penalties are : For a first offence a fine of not less than $200 nor more than 11,000, and in default of imme- diate payment, imprlsonnent for not less than three nor more than six months ; for a second or any subse- quent offence imprisonment for not less than six nor moro than twelve months. For consuming or permitting the consumption of liquor on premises on which it has been lawfully sold, or for failure by a licensed druggi.it to keep or show a record of sales, or the pre- scriptions or certificates on which sales were made, or for the selling or giving of liquor by a licensed druggist with- out requiring a proper prescription or certificate, or for giving as a phy- sician a prescription to permit evasion of the law, or for improperly giving liquor to a minor, or for the improper giving of liquor by a physician, den- tist, or veterinary surgeon, the penal- ties are : For a first offence a fine of not less than $50, nor more than $300. and in default of immediate payment, imprisonment for not lees than two nor more than four months ; for a second or any subsequent offence a fine of not less than $100 nor more than $500, and in default of immediate payment Imprisonment for not less than four, nor more than eight months. If any licensed druggist, or any per- son who acted under his instructions, or with his consent, is convicted of a second offence, such druggljts' license becomes forfeited, and he becomes dis- qualified for again becoming a licensee for three years. A convicting judge or magistrate may, in hid discretion, declare forfeited the license of any licensed druggist convicted of a first offence of unlawful selling, or giving or keeping for sale. Enforcement The Government shall appoint a Chief Inspector for the Province and a local inspector for each electoral dis- trict in the Province, or more local inspectors, if needful, v' ose duty it shall W to administer the law and to prosecute persons offending against its provisions. All these inspectors will act directly under the Government without any intervening boards of commission f>rs. Any policeman, constable, or other person has also authority to laj in- formations, and to prosecute person.s THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. 11 w' trlolate the provision of this Act. Any inspector, policeman, or con- stable may, at any time, enter and search any place other than a private house, for the purpose of detecting or preventing violation of this Act. Any judge or mafelstrate may, on proper Information, Issued a warrant authorizing any constable or inspec- tor to enter and search, by force, if needful, any place in which it is sus- pected that liquor is unlawfully kept for sale. Such liquor, if on unlicensed premises, may be seized, and if a con- viction is made, may be destroyed or sold for proper purposes as the Gov- ernment may direct. Brewers and Distillers ^ Because the a'lthorlty of the I o- vlncial Lcr:'slature does not extend be- yond the limits 'f the Province, this Act does not prohibit sales of liquor by brewers, distillers, or exporters in Ontario to persons outside the Pro- vince. It does not prohibit brewers or distillers selling to \censed drug- gists. It does prohibit all sale by brewers, distillers, or expo-ters to any other persons, or in any premises con- nected with any private dweM'ng. In regard to such prohibited salt, and to drinking or permitting drinking on premifer-, t'ne law is the same for brew- ers ami distllle.s as for other persons. WHO MAY VOTE A good many inquiries have been received concerning the voting qualiti- cation in the coming Referendum. That qualification is definitely set ou*^, in Section 3 of the Ontario Liquor Act, which is in the following terms : The persons entitled to vote upon the said question shall be all persons whose names shall appear on the vot- ers' lists used, or which would have l)een used, had a poll been held at next general election of members to serve In the Legislative Assembly, held after the passing of this Act, as entitled to ^-jtt. and who were entitled to vote at the said election, and who shall have been from the date of the said general election and until the date of voting on the said question residents of ard domiciled in the Pro- vince of Ontario, and whose names are duly entered in the poll books to be used for the purpose of the voting under this Act. From this it will be seen that the persons entitled to vote in the Refer- endum are tho<»e whose names are on the voters' lists that were used in the general provincial election held on May 29th last, providing that they have resided in the Province of On- tario from the date of such p:.ineral election until December Ith. Those wh" have moved from one part of the Province to another, if otherwise entitled to vote, will hav.' a right to vote at the place at which they would have voted if they had not removed. Persons who have moved to some place outside of the Province of Ontario have lost their votes 12 THE CAMPiMON MANUAL THE VOTE NEEDED There seems to be still among some of our friends a misunderstanding in relation to the vote actually required on December 4th next, to secure pro- hibition, and also as to whether or not a sufficient vote will ensure the coming into force of the prohibitory law without further action of the Legislature. These questions are definitely dis- posed .of by Sections 103 and 104 of the Ontario Liquor Act, which read as follows : " Within thirty days alter the re- ceipt of the last re urns the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery shall also pub- lish in The Ontario Gazette a summary of all the returns of the voting under this Act, together with such other par- ticulars as to such voting as the Lieu- tenant-Governor in Council may direct. "In case it appears from the said summary that a majority of the votes on the said question are in the affirmative, and that the number of votes on the said question in the affirmative exceeds one-half of the number of votes certified to by the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery as hereinafter mentioned, the Lieuten- ant-Governor in Council shall Issue his Proclamation in The Ontario Gazette declaring Part IL of this Act to be in force on, from and after the first day of May, 1904. And Part IL of this Act shall come into force and take effect on. from, and after the said date accordingly. " The Clerk of the Crown in Chan- cery shall certify under his hand and seal to the Lieutenant-Governor in Council the total number of votes ar- rived at by adding together (1) the votes polled for all the candidates at the general election of members to serve in the Legislative Assembly in the year 1898. except in the electoral district of Ottawa ; (2) one-half of the votes polled for all the candidates In the said Electoral District of Ot- tawa, and (3) the number of vote* polled at the last contested election held prior to the said general election In every electoral district for which t. candidate was returned in 1898 bv ac- clamation." The total number of votes polled and counted for all candidates in the gen- eral election of 1898, exclusive of those polled in the electoral district of Ottawa, was 409,980. The num- ber of votes polled and counted for candidates in the electoral district of Ottawa was 17,844. Elections were by acclamation in two electoral districts. South Bruce and Prescott, and the total number of votes polled and counted for candi- dates in these districts at the last preceding elections was 6,543. It follows, therefore, that the num- ber of votes to be certified under the last quoted clause of the statute is to be determined as follows : Votes at election 1898. out- side Ottawa 409,980 One-half votes in Ottawa District 8,922 Last votes ir. acclamation districts (;..54:j Total 425,445- Vote necessary to win in Referendum 212,723 This vote will not bring prohibition into operation unless it is a majority of the votes cast in the referendum. The liquor party, however, cannot equal It. If the temperance people obtain it. they will secure provinciah prohibition. THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. 13 A CALL TO ARMS \fpca.l of Alliance Executive Pconibition fo. Onario -Votinj; December 4ih, J902 The j:xecutlve Committee of tie Ontario Branch of the Dominion Alli- ance has issued an appeal to pro- hibition workers throughout the Pro- vince for immediate action in prepar- ation for the great battle that will 'be fought out on December 4th. This ringing call to arms contains also many valuable suggeationa and much information concerning cam- paign methods. It is in full as fol- lows : To the Friends of Temperance in On- tario : Voting on the question of the .id ip- tion of The Ontario Liquor \ot will take place on Dec. 4th next when the electors of this Province will be called upon to say whether or not they approve of the prohibition of the liquor traffic as far as a provincial legislature has power to prohibit It. It is not needful, now, to irap'iasize the importance of this crisis. We appeal to men and women who under- stand the responsibility it itupi.^es. There is not a moment to spir2. Do your best, and do it quickly, for the sake of the homes that will be deso- lated and the innocence and weak- ness that are doomed to ruin and shame if the traffic in strong dvink goes on. The Situation The Act to be voted upon is a pro- hibitory law of the most complete and comprehensive character that the limits of provincial jurisdiction will permit. It is not fair to com- pare it with the Scott Act or any other measure more local in its na- ture or less stringent in its provisions. It is an honest attempt to devise the most effective kind of a prohibitory law. It was the work of skilled and experienced professional men In Mani- toba, who were also earnest advocates of total prohibition, and it is prob- ably the most thorough-going legisla- tion of the kind in existence. It will go into operation provided the vo':e in favor of it is a majority of the votes cast upon the question, and is alsj ec^aal to a majority of the votes cast in the general provincial election of 180? The latter condition requires tb*' polling of 212,723 votes. OrginUation Arrangements have been made for the organization of central commit- tees for countii 3 or electoral dlstrlota. The officers of these bodies will be prompt to give adv'.e and assistance to workers in their respective dis- tricts. It is their duty to see thbt there is an organization in every municipality. There must, however, be also a local committee or union of workers in every township, village, town and city. It is under the direction of these local organizations that the great part of the campaign work must be carried on. If there is any lo- cality in which such a body has not been formed, our friends should im- mediately take steps to secure organ- ization, uniting in this work all classes of the community. This is urgent. If any one is in doubt as to plans or methods, let him write to F. S. Speiice, Toronto, and full in- formation will be sent by return mail. The most important duty devolving upon H8 is the seeing that the vote friendly to us is polled. Full detailed instructions concerning this work will be issued later on. In the mean- time the most urgent matter requir- 14 THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. Ing attention Is thorough organization to secure a canvass of the electors, the holding of public meetings, and the circulation of literature. Cwvsiilng There ought to be a systematic canvass of all the voters. Each canvasser should have a list of the persons whom It Is his duty to see. Each voter should be called upon by some one likely to have personal Influ- ence with him. No other work can take the place of this direct personal appeal. Canvassers must wisely pre- sent tL Ir case as circumstances war- rant, specially avoiding Irritating con- troversy. Canvassers should make a record of the results of their work for the guidance of those who will superintend the getting out of the vote. All electors, who can go to the polls, without being sent for, should be earnestly urged to do so. To make easy and uniform the work of canvassers a special canvass book has been prepared by the Alli- ance Executive. Copies will be sup- plied to county organizations at cost. In these books should be carefully written the names of voters taken from the printed lists, each book con- taining as many names as a canvasser can effectively deal with. Each book will contain Instructions to can- vassers about methods of work. ^t will be found advantageous whenever practicable, to have persons act as canvassers who will take charge of the duty of seeing that all the pro- hibition voters whom they have can- vassed, go to the polls on December 4th. Voters' Lists The Voters' Lists to be used In this voting are the same lists that were used at the general provincial election • held on May 29th last. The persons entitled to vote are those whose names are on the said list, and those who were entitled to vote at the said elec- tion, provided they have been resi- dents of and domiciled in the Pro- vince of Ontario from the time of the election until the 4th o* December. Persons who have moved to another part of the Province mrst vote at the place for which they were listed. Per- sons who have moved out of the Pro- "Ince will not be entitled to vote. Literatufc Circulation The comlug campaign will b* largely a campaign of literature cir- culation. A circular Issued by the Alliance entitled, " About Literature." should be carefully studied by all our workers, and Its Instructions thor- oughly carried out. Copies of this circular and samples of literature will be promptly furnished by the Alliance Secretary to any friend making appli- cation therefor. We must educate the electors by fairly carpeting the country with good literature. The L>cal Prcn Every Prohibition Committee should appoint a press correspondent. This position should be held by some quali- fied person who will, 1. Supply local papers with useful articles in favor of prohibition, reports , of meetings held and other Information. 2. Carefully watch the papers for letters or arti- cles against prohibition, and send for publication, judicious replies. If any correspondent has not Infor- mation enabling him to reply to any antl-prohlbition article or letter, he should send at once to the secretary of the Alliance a marked copy of the newspaper cor lining the article or letter, sending ilso his name and ad- dress, and stating what information he requires. The secretary will see that one of our friends at once sends him the necessary statistical or other Information, to enable him to meet any misrepresentations that have been made. The importance of careful attention to this work cannot be overestimated. The opponents of prohibition will be able to pay for anti-prohibition arti- cles in any paper willing to accept their money. We must meet this line of attack as far as we can. Meetings A special circular is prepared con- taining suggestions about methods of conducting prohibition meetings, and also giving a list of speakers who are available for platform work. This THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. 1ft circular ■hould b« carefully atudied. It U not probable that many meeting* win be held by our opponenti. There Is all the more neceaelty for our do- ing our beet to thoroughly Inform the public regarding the queetlons at Issue in this campaign. Speakers should prepare themaelves by a care- ful study of our literature. Early In the season, there may be difflnulty in securing large audiences Indoors. Even small meetings, how- ever, sometimes accomplish much, especially in stirring up our own friends, and they need to be stirred up. Where manageable out-door meetings may be held, at which speeches advocating prohibition will be the prominent feature, interspersed with attractive music. Choirs of well-trained cnildren may aid very effectively In this work. Churches, Sunday-schools, Young People's Societies, temperance organ- izations, are earnestly reauested to consider this campaign their work, and to miss no opportunity of making their regular meetings influential in this battle against the cause ♦ so much misery and sin. A victory for prohibition will be victory for righteousness, and tl»j Christian citizenship of the Province must win it PoOing Plans As stated, full instructions regard- ing the matter will be sent out by the Executive Committee. Perhaps the greatest danger that threatens us is that only a very small vote will be polled, there being no other election or issue to bring out the voters. Spe- cial effort should therefore be made to get all our voters to the polls. They should be urged to come directly. All friends who can furnish conveyances should, however, be asked to volunteer them for the work on voting day, so that those who are in- firm or have a long distance to travel may be able to get in their votes. Canvassers ought to secure the pro- mise of this help as far aa possible. The motto of every committee ought to be, •' Let every vote be polled." Finance It Is exceedingly important that financial affairs be systematically and carefully arranged so as to prevent any hampering of work or any diffi- culty In carrying out plans. Every organization of workers should ap- point early a finance committee, that will estimate the outlay needful, and arrange for raising the necessary money. The county or district cen- tral committee should be consulted so as to know what is necessary for general work. Wise attention to thia matter will make other work easier and more effective. Penonal Action There is abundant evidence that the liquor party are active and anxious. They will plan and work to the full- est extent to prevent our winning In this contest We shall need all tb.e nergy and zeal that we can command to meet them successfully. There la no doubt that the public opinion of our Province, if fairly expreased, is hostile to the liquor trafllc which burdens our country with so much sorrow, loss, disgrace, and sin. There are electors enough in favor of pro- hibition to secure victory. If they vote we shall win. The danger ii« that apathy will prevent our securing a full expression of the real opinion of our people. In any event the larger vote we poll, the greater suc- cess shall we win for the cause of effective legislation against our coun- try's direst curse. We fail by every vote we leave unpolled. Again, we earnestly appeal for such an effort aa has never before been made, to win out of this crisis and opportunity a splendid victory for "God and home and country." l(i THE CAMPAION MANUAL. THE CONVENTION REPORTS The reports of the sessional com- mittees as adopted by the Provincial Convention of Prohibitionists, held In Toronto on July 29th, contain the complete deliverances of that body upon the present prohibition situation, and upon the various questions brought up for consideration. These reports speak for themselves, and we reproduce them In full so tnat our readers may know exactly what were the opinions and deci .ions of one of the most representative temperance conventions yet held In the Province of Ontario. Campaign Conunittee That we call upon the friends of temperance throughout the Province to unite in an earnest effort to win a decisive victory in the voting on De- cember 4th. That the first Sunday In September be chosen as the opening day of the coming campaign, and that ministers be specially requested to preach tem- perance serrooLs upon that date, or as near to that date as possible in cases where that date is Inconvenient. That all churches and temperance societies be requested to inaugurate an active movement to secure signa- tures to a total abstinence pledge, submitting a pledge form to members of churches, Sunday-schools, and young people's societies, and having public addresses and sermons de- livered in favor of total abstinence. In this connection the following form of pledge is suggested : " I promise to abstain from the use of intoxicating liquo.c as a beverage, ana to discountenance such use by others." That the Executive Committee bi instructed to have prepared, campaign forms and literature relating to the voting on December 4th, as was done In the case of the plebiscite of 1898, and to take such measures as they And best suited to sef-ure their wide circulation throughout the Province. Replying to the request of the Tem- perance League re co-operation In the referendum campaign, your committee recommend : — " That we appreciate the desire and purpose of the Legislation League to co-operate with the Alliance in the coming campaign; that we deem it highly desirable that there be unity of action on the part of all the prohi- bition forces of the Province, and that We favor the co-operation of the com- mittees, and organizations of the Alli- ance with the committees of the League and of all other bodies favor- ing prohibition. CommittM on Electoral Action That the President of the Prohi- bition Association in each county or electoral district be made a Vice- President of the Ontario Branch of the Dominion Alliance, thus giving each county representation upon the Executive Committee, and bringing the Executive into close touch with the workers in every part of the Pro- vince. That the Executive Committee be instructed to take immediate steps to secure a live, working organization in every electoral district In which such action has not yet been taken, and to send at once to all such organizations a circular of Instructions regarding plans and methods of campaign work. That in the opinion of this Com- mittee this Alliance should seek the comradeship of every other organiza- tion which is working along lines of moral and political reform, and that the secretary be Instructed to open correspondence with such other bodies In the Province at the earliest con- venience with a view to united action. Carried. Committee on R solutions That all other questions which do not bear directly on this great Issue THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. 17 before U8, be for the present kept In abeyance but we do not consider the securing of signatures to temperance pledges as detracting from this unity of purpoBP That wt" request the Executive Com- mittee to appoint a committee to con- sult together for the purpose of de- finitely presenting the temperance In- terests to the best possible advantage before the publk. through the press, and to conduct any discuulon which may arise. That we borrow a leaf from our sisters of the W. C. T. XL, and during the coming campaign a stated time each day be selected— aay the noon hour— when all the friends of tem- perance In our Provlnc Jhall humble t'eroselveg before Go and ask his blesMlng on our efforts, that victory may rest upon our banners. CANADA'S CONSUMPTION OF LIQUOR The amount of liquor consumed per capita In the Dominion of Canada during the past thirty-four years, and the per capita duty paid on the liquor consumed, are given in the following table, compiled from the Inland Revenue Report for the year 1901, The figures are for gallons : Years. Spirits. Beer. Wine. Total. Duty. 186U 1.124 2.290 .115 3.529 t.90 1870 1.434 2.163 .195 3.792 1.10 1871 1.578 2.490 .259 4.327 1.21 1872 1.723 2.774 .257 4.754 1.34 1873 1.682 3.188 .238 5.108 1.32 1874 1.994 3.012 .288 5.294 1.57 1875 1.394 3.091 .149 4.634 1.31 1876 1.204 2.454 .177 3.835 1.36 1877 .075 2.322 .096 3.393 l.lf? 1S78 .960 2.169 .096 3.225 1.13 1879 1.131 2.209 .1U4 3.444 1.28 1880 .715 2.248 .077 3.040 .91 1881 .9?" 2.293 .099 3.314 1.14 1882 > 2.747 .120 3.876 1.27 1883 1 ■•') 2.882 .135 4.107 1.39 1884 2.924 .117 4.039 1.26 1885 1.12ti 2.639 .109 :!.S74 1.38 1886 .711 2.839 .110 •60 1.17 1887 .746 3.084 .(^•^r) ...;t25 1.21 1888 .645 3.247 ' ■'.• X 3.986 1.12 1889 .776 3.263 .0»7 4.136 1.29 1890 .883 3.360 .104 4.347 1.45 1891 .745 3.790 .111 4.646 1.31 1892 .701 3.516 .101 4.31S 1.44 1893 .740 3.485 .094 4.319 1.52 1894 .742 3.722 .089 4.553 1.50 1895 .666 3.471 .090 4.227 1.34 1896 .623 3.528 .070 4.221 1.37 1897 .723 3.469 .084 4.276 1.59 1898 .536 3.8(18 .082 4.426 1.47 1899 .661 3.995 .086 4.742 1.59 1900 .701 4.364 .085 5.150 1.59 1901 765 4.737 .100 5.602 1.84 It THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. CANADA'S DRINK BILL Official report! iior the year ending June 30th, 1901, show an Increaae in the quantities of Intoxk-Hting liquor entered for home conaumutlon. The total quantity reported for the year 1900 waa 5,160 gallons for each thou- ■and uf the population. The quan- tity reported for 1901 was 5.602 gal- lons for eaL'h thousand of the population. The figures do not Include any esti- mate for Canadian cider and wine, on which no duty is collected, and for which no returns are made to the Oovernment. The total quantities of liquors re- ported are in gallons aa folIowB : Spirits, Canadian :,708.S33 gals. Spirits, imported 1,367,260 " Malt liquor. Canadian, .25,108,254 " Malt liquor, imported.. 352.436 " Wines, imported 496.914 " Total 30,033,697 " This is the largest annual consump- tion of intoxicating liquor in the his- tory of the Dominion. It does not. however, represent the greatest quantity of alcohol consumed by our people. There has been for some years a reduction in the quan- tity of spirits consumed, accompanied by an increase in the consumption of malt liquors. The quantity of spirits consumed was 765 gallons for each thousand of the population, whereas the quantity consumed in the year 1874 was 1,994 gallons for each thousand of the population. If we take the quantity of alcohol consumed in the different forms of intoxicating liquor, we shall find that in the year 1874 the con- fumptiou per thousand of the popu- lation wus 1,2.. gallons, and that Uit year it was only C87 gallons. Social conditions have, however, changed very much since the year 1874, and the present movement In the habits of our people may be more accurately learned from a more recent comparison. For this purpose we Uke the years 1891. 1896. and 1901, giving the consumption at five-year Intervals, and find the following to be the quantities for those years, of intoxicating liquor entered for con- sumption t thousand of the popula- tion, and t. J quantities of alcohol therein contained. Year. Liqu.or. Alcohol. 1891 4.646 gallons 622 guilons 1896 4.221 " 537 1901 5,602 " 687 The Oovernment returns give the quantities of liquor entered for con- sumption, and the revenue collected thereon, but, of course, do not contain any statement of the amount paid for the liquor by the consumers. The Royal Commission estimated th? cost upon a basis which was not made public, but which seems to have been about the following : Per gallon. Spirits. Canadian |6 00 Spirits, imported 8 00 Malt liquors, Canadian 70 Malt liquors, imported 1 00 Wines, imported 4 00 These HgureH may seem high, but they were considered by the Commis- sioners as well within e actual prices pairi, evidence a ng been given that a good deal o. .he liquor. THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. HI mainly the splrtta, wm largely diluted vlth water before being sold, and ihat the greater amount of it was ■old in small quantitlei at five cents a glau. Applying these prices to t'<.e quan- tities of liquor reported as entered I'or consumption, we And that the total cost to the consumers of .iquor in 1901, was as set out in the following table : Spirits. Canadian 116.263.998 Spirits, imported 10,938,''':0 Malt liquors, Canadian 17.675 . > Malt liquors. Imported 352.436 Wines. Imported 1.987.656 147,106,948 The increa. : in actual outlay, esti- mated according to the Royal Commis- sion's plan, in 1901. over that of 1891, Is thus shown : 1891 |39.S(y.8o4 1901 47.106,948 Increase J7,227,094 The outlay in 1891 was $8.25 per head of the population, and in 19C1 it was $8.82. The foregoing figures deal only with the cost to the purchaser of the liquor consumed, or what may be called the direct cost of the 1*' trafflc. The indirect coat Is a \ greater amount, including a U '" proportion of our country's outlay for the administration of Justice, the erec- tion and maintenance of penitentiar- ies, jails, and asylums, the loss through ldl«n)'8s of persons out of em- ployment through indulgenci! in strong drink, the loss to the country through the ending or shortening of the lives of wealth-producers, and all the other incidental losses that attend this de- structive business. An estimate ol this Indlrcit coat will be found In the npxt article. The Province of Ontario contains about forty per cent, of the popula- tion of the Dominion. The liquor trafflc Is comparatively weak in the Maritime Provinces. Liquor is diffi- cult to procure In some of the newer parts of the country. There are large area« under prohibition through Do- minion legislation and local option in different forms. It is certain, there- fore, that the population of Ontario consumes rather more than its propor- tion of the drink expenditure of the Dominion, but reckoning it simply on the same basis, we find that the amount of money paid for strong drink in the Province of Ontario in 1001 was ♦ia.126,75?. 20 THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. COST OF THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC Direct Cost The report of the Royal Commls- iion on the Liquor Traffic set out an estimate of the annual expenditure for strong drink in Canada In the follow- ing paragraph : Taking an average of the quantities of wines, spirits and malt liquors en- tered for consumption in the five years ending 1893, but excluding elder and native wines, and taking an average of the retail prices, the calculation shows the sum of $39,879,854, to be paid for liquor by the consumers. As more than one-half of this amount is paid for spirits to which. It Is well understood, a large addition of water is made before Ihey are vended to the nubll'^, the total amount paid i« prob- ably considerably in excess of the sum just mentioned. The annual consumption of liquor has Increased since this estimate was made, and a careful computation on the same basis puts the outlay for intoxicating liquor consumed in the nominion in 1901 at $47,106,948. an in- crease of over twelve per cent, in ten years. The money thus paid may be fairly said to represent so much diminution of wealth, as the liquor, when con- sumed, leave? the community in no way advantaged. When money is paid for clothing, food, or other com- modities, the purchaser is supposed to have value for his outlay. Both buyer and seller, respectively, possess wealth formerly held by the other, usually slightly increased by the exchange. The liquor seller possesses the wealth formerly held by his customer, but the cnstomer-consumer has nothing. The community is poorer at least to the amount of money spent for the liquor. We have a right, therefore, to state that the country is impoverished an- nually by direct expenditure on liquor to the amount of $47,106,948. The country is also impoverished by the waste of grain and other ma- terial that was used in the manufac- ture of liquor. This material was lome-produced or imported farm pro- duce, which, had it not been taken for making strong drink, would have been available for export or other use. An Increase of twelve per cent on the Commission's estimate of the cost of material used in making liquor gives us an outlay in 1901 for this purpose of $2,115,417. Indirect Loss The sums mentioned represent what may be called the direct loss which the liquor traffic imposes upon the community. That traffic causes other and far greater losses which are not so easily ascertained. The Minority Re- port makes an estimate of some of them, based on data taken from the census returns of 1891, concerning our working population. As similar later returns have not yet been issued, we take the collections then made, which may be summarized as follows : Loss of Labor.— The country loses a great deal because of the prevention of the production of wealth on ac- count of persons being in jails, hos- pitals, asylums, or in any way Idle through Intemperance. The working of a gang of men in a factory or any set of persons who work together, is Interfered with by tho absence of one or more in the same way. Much of our most highly organized manufac- turing industry is thus seriously ham- pered Not only do those who drink lose time and possibly earnings; their fellow employees are also losers. The ■ industry which employes them suf- ic ■ loss. An English parliamentary report estimates over sixteen per cent. THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL, 21 of the productive labor of the country as lost In this way. Assuming that In Canada the loss la only eight per cent.. It amounts to 176,288,000. Shortened Lives. — Careful calcula- tions show that 3.000 lives are annu- ally cut short In Canada by Intemper- ance, each such death robbing the country of at least an average of ten years of productive power. It Is es- timated In this way we sustain an an- nual loss of $14,304,000. Misdirected Work. — A similar calcu- lation shows that the country loses by having about 13,000 men engaged In making and selling liquor, not ac- tually adding anything to the wealth of the country, but creating condi- tions which increase public burdens. If rightly employed, these men would add to the country an amount of wealth which we now have to do with- out, estimated at $7,748,000. Indirect Cost A careful calculation shows that for the year 1901 the Dominion, Pro- vincial and Municipal authorities of Canada expended in the administra- tion of justice, and for the mainten- ance of penitentiaries, jails, asylums, reformatories, aim-houses and like in- stitutions, sums totalling over $7,- 000,000. Assuming that one-half of this ex- penditure is fairly chargeable to the liquor habit, and the liquor traffic, we get as the cost to the country thus cause a sum of more than $3,500,000, A Summing Up In this connection the fact must be noted that a proportion of the na- tional, provincial and municipal re- venues is derived from the liquor traflac. The total amount thus con- tributed for Dominion purposes in 1901 is shown by official returns to be $9,- 779,364. The net revenue of the Ontario Gov- ernment in the same year from liquor licenses was $304,676, and the net revenue of all the Ontario munici- palities from the same bource was $250,482. These items vary in differ- ent provinces, and on the whole they aggregate throughout the Dominion about $1,100,000 for local Govern- ment revenues, and $400,000 for muni- cipalities. This is the price which the liquor trafllc pays for the privileges granted it. It is right that these amounts should be set over against the items of loss, and the various expenditures caused by the traffic, hereinbefore con- sidered. This may be done as follows : Q>st of the Liquor Traffic Amount paid for liquor by consumers $47,106,948 value of grain, etc., de- stroyed 2.115,417 Loss of productive labor . . . 76,288,000 Loss through mortality caused by drink 14,304,000 Loss through misdirected labor 7,748,000 Cost of proportion of pau- perism, disease, insanity and crime chargeable to The liquor traffic 3,500,000 Total $151,062,365 Revenu; From the Liquor Traffic Dominion Government $9,779,364 Provincial Governments . . 1,110,000 Municipalities 400,000 $11,279,364 Net loss $139,783,001 This startling calculation does not include, as a charge against the liquor traffic, the great amount of money spent in watching it and collecting the revenue from It. In reference to the similar calculation in his report in 1894, Rev. Dr. McLeod said : In the foregoing table the items charged to the liquor traffic are moder- ate estimates, and many things, which might properly be Included, are omit- ted because of the difficulty of putting them into dollars and cents. Your Commissioner has no doubt that were fifty per cent, added to thp shown 22 THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. balance against the liquor traffic, it would iiot then be excessive. An Annual Charge It must also be kept in mind that the enormous balance chargeable to the liquor traffic represents only one year's waste. For many years like burdens, in proportion to the popula- tion, have been Imposed upon the country. These facts make it easy to appreciate the truth and force of the statement made in 1884 by Hon. Mr. Foster. Under a table prepared by him, showing the amount of money actually paid out for liquor consumed In Canada from 1868 to 1882, inclusive, to have been $493,200,000, he wrote : One can scarcely grasp the awful significance of the above figures. The large quantities of grain that have been worse than wasted would have fed millions of people. The cost of liquors for one year exceeds the whole revenue of the Dominion of Canada. The cost per head has been f Jly twice as much as the total cost per head of all our customs dues since Confedera- tion. The total amount spent in the fifteen years above tabulated aggre- gates, without counting interest, near- ly $500,000,000. This would have de- frayed all our cost of government, built our railways, and l^^ft ns with- out a shadow of a national debt. To all this we must add the incalculable cost of citizens slain, labor destroyed, pauperism borne and crime watched, restrained and punished. The won- der Is that, with such terrible waste, our country enjoys any prosperity. If this waste could be made to cease, Canada In ten years would not know herself, so prosperous and wealthy would she have giown. Surely It is the part of all good citizens to see to it that such a frightful source of waste and destruction Is dried up. Prohi- bition Is the only effectual cure. Will It not be wisdom to prohibit the worse than useless liquor traffic, and stop this terrible waste ? WE SHALL WIN " There's lovely fighting all along the line," said a noted general in a memorable battle. The statement describes the condition of uany parts of the Province of Ontario at the pres- ent time. We have reason to be grateful of the zeal and energy with which prohibi- tionists have rallied at the call of duty, and proved themselves worthy soldiers in a cause in which it is an honor to take part. We have had discouragements. Our work has been thwarted many a time by unfair methods. We have won victories and failed to secure the ad- vantages for which we fought. We have been disappointed, but we are neither clff^at'^r', nor dismayod. ' We recognize the nature of the con- flict in which we are engaged. The forces that oppose us are strong and strongly entrenched. We have to fight custom, prejudice, appetite, self- interest, wealth, social institutions, and political machinations. The wonder is not that we have done so little, but that we have accomplished so much. It is a hard fight. It will be a long fight. There can, however, be only one result. " If right is right, and God is God, the truth is bound to win." Whatever may I the outcome of the present struggle, this great move- ment will go on to victory steadily. It may be slowly but certainly. The Christian sentiment of Canada will prevail against the forces of cruel and heartless selfishness, and the day is coming when, like other evils, legal- ization of the liquor traffic will be a tiling of the pist. THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. •23 PROHIBITION AND TAXATION The assertion Is made that if the Ontario Liquor Act, 1902, should be ratified by the electors on December 4th, there would be serious difficulty experienced by municipal councils in meeting the deficit in their annual in- come that would be caused by the withdrawal of the present revenue from license fees. It is also stated that the loss to the Province of the c^mount now received as the Government's share o "^-ense fees would be likely to lead to direct taxation for provincial purposes, a burden which this Province has so far been able to escape. In order that the electors may fully anderstand this matter, there are here placed before them a few facts in re- lation to the present provincial and municipal liquor revenue and the probable diminution of that revenue under prohibition. The total amount received by Boards of License Commissioners last year for license fees, transfers and fines for violations of the law amounted to 1629,238.15. Out of these receipts were paid the inspectors' salaries and other local expenses of administrat- ing the law, amounting in all to $74,- 079.42. The remainder was divided between the local municipalities and the Provincial Government as fol- lows : Paid to municipalities ....$250,482.13 Paid to the Province 304.676.60 Total $555,158.73 A careful calculation puts last year's direct expenditure for intoxicating liquor throughout the Dominion a'. $47,106,948. Taking as a safe esti- mate for Ontario, according to popu- lation, 40 per cent, of this amount, we find the direct outlay for liquor in the Province to have been $18,842,779 for the year. The total number of liquor licenses of all kinds was 3,008, of which 2,984 were tavern and shop licenses. Eighty of these were in operation for only six months. Assuming that the licensed places are open for only 310 days in the year, this would be an average of a little over $20 per day for each licensed place. In some places the business done is much larger than this and in v^.hers probably less. Out of this large sum of money re- ceived by the liquor sellers, from the people of Ontario, there was paid in- to the municipal and provincial trea- suries only the comparatively small amount of $555,158.73. So far as the question of revenue is concerned, it is as if the municipali- ties and the Province had employed the liquor sellers to secure for tiem the revenue of $555,158.73, authorizing them to collect a much larger amount and rttain the balance for their own benefit, so that the account stands as follows : Amount collected by the liquor-sellers $18,842,779 Amount paid over as re\ ■■nue 555,158 Cost of collecting $18,287,621 The folly of the policy of paying $188 for the sake of securing a revenue of less than $6. is too patent to need comruent. Wouid not a people richer by $18,842,77i» be able to pay the extra $555,158, and still be vastly better off. ^4 THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. The outlay of the Ontario Govern- ment aud the various municipalities of the Province for the administration of justice, maintenance of the Central Prison, the reformatories, jails, asy- lums, hospitals, and other charities, Is more than 13,000,000. It Is not an extravagant estimate to say that at least one-half of this expenditure is fairly chargeable t 'he liquor habit and the liquor i. ,flc. and it will readily be understood that the sup- pression of that traffic would speedily bring to both provincial and munici- pal authorities an important relief from present outlay for the purpose named, that would vastly more than compensate for the comparatively small revenue now received from the liquor business. It must be remembered that the liquor traffic pays none of the revenue out of its own resources. It creates no wealth. It simply takes the tax- payer's money and hands it over to the municipality, taking from the people, as has been shown, more than thirty times as much as it turns over to the municipal treasury. If the enormous amount of wealth thus absorbeu by the liquor business remained in the hands of the taxpay- er? of the community, a great deal of it would, no doubt, be found in the shape of taxable property, and there would thus be speedily added to the aggregate assessment an amount that would furnish the whole revenue now cerived f'-om the liquor system, by a taxation nte less than the maximum authorized *iv I'w. This result, it must be noticed, would be attained, even if there was no material progress in the community as the result of the more temperate and Industrial habits that would inevitably follow the aboli- tion of the drink system. If we closed up all our liquor shops to-day we would have in one year a communitv so much richer, that taxa- tion on >, addition to our wealth would more than make up for the lost municipal revenue. The choice between prohibition and license Is to the people of Ontario, a choice between paying annually in hard cash over $18,000,000, or only paying a moderate tax-rate upon pro- perty of that value, and keeping the property still in possession, earning probably four times the amount paid in taxes. It is sometimes argued that taking away the licenses from hotel property would diminish the value of such pro- perty, that its assessment would be reduced, and other property would have to be taxed at a higher rate to level up. A careful examination of a number of assessment rolls, and in- formation given direct by a number of assessment commissioners and assess- ors, show that in no case is a license considered as enhancing the actual value of a piece of hotel property. Nor could it be fairly so considered. It is merely a temporary affair, must terminate in a few months, ar sequently could have none ? qualifications of permanent wo. i- titling it to be treated as either hav- ing or Imparting any assessable value. Further careful examination shows that from hotels, on account of the comparatively small amount of per- sonal property contained, are paid proportionately less taxes than are paid from any other equally valuable places of business. Still further, the contiguity of a tavern or a saloon generally depreciates the market value of real estate, specially of such as may bt used for private residences. No respectable person wants to live THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. beside a bar-room. The real state of the case Is that a license to sell liquor la an Injury to all property In Its neighborhood. Less taxes are paid, Insurance Is higher and values are im- paired. The business instincts of the public. as well as the common sense of all thoughtful people, and the moral sen- timent of those who have the best in- terests of their fellow men at heart are fast coming to recognize the whole liquor system as utterly bad. It ought to be abolished. THE REVENUE QUESTION The Royal Commission on the Takir- the revenue from these Liauor Traffic, in the report made to items r obtain the following cor- Parliament In 1894, estimated the rected table from the Commissioners average annual Dominion revenue report : from the liquor traffic for the five imported Liquors 12,241,784 00 years ending 1893 to be »7,101,557.22. Imported Malt 6,224 00 things were reckoned that were hardly Canadian Malt 691,954 00 in place. The Commissioners calcu- Licenses 16,940 00 lated the import duty upon the quan- TT^Z^'^^i^rw tity of coal which they estimated was ?6,95i),(05 J^ used in the business of manufactur- since the Royal Commision Report ing liquor. Similarly they estimated , ..^ made, the traffic in intoxicating the Import duty upon corn and other liquor has increased so that the Gov- artlcles of farm produce, which v/ere ernment figures for the year ending subsequently used in liquor manufac- ju^g 30th, 1901, give us, on the basis turing. Had the liquor business not above set out, the following as the been .n operation the liquor capital, Dominion revenue from this source : invested elsewhere, would have in- ^^^ g j^j^, |3.267,835 38 volved the Impcrtation of much J^rtedBeer 74.31160 larger quantities of similar goods. imported Wine 258,060 33 Su'-'.i duties were not levied upon Imported Malt 14,48i? 65 tL- articles because of their being Canadian Spirits (licenses ,, included) o.loU, no U'J Intended for liquo' making, and really canadiar Beer (ileuses did not belong to a fair estimate ot included) 6,56'J 00 the liquor revenue. Canadian Malt (licenses What ought to be set out as liquor included) 977.330 00 revenue is the amount of money col- ,g ,^^^ „g2 gg lected by the Government in excise duties upon malt liquors and malt. Taking the Province of Ontario as along with the customs duties im- h:. .'ng forty per cent, of the popula- posed on the same articles, and the tion of the Dominion, and as using licenses granted by the Dominion simply its population proportion of in- Uovernment to persons or companies toxicating liquor, we find the Domin- to carry on the business of malting ion revenue from the liquor traffic In and the business of manufacturing the Province of Ontario to be ?3,911,- and compounding liquors. 745.58. ^fi THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. IS DRINKING INCREASING? A Serious Question to be Carefully Coniidered Thf gpneral testimony of careful observers is that at the present time there Is less open, free consumption of intoxicating liquors than there used to be. In Great Britain it is an- nually stated that the sobriety of all sections of the community has im- proved. It is curious to find at the same time a large increase in the quantities of intoxicating liquor consumed, as shown by Government returns, and, of course, a large increase in the amount of money expended on intoxi- cants by the people. This seeming contradiction of facts might be partly accounted for in a new country like Canada by an improve- ment in the enforcement of law and the consequent suppression of the sale of illicit liquor, either unlawfully manufactured or smuggled into the country. The destruction of thi"; liquor traffic would not, however, ac- count for all the increase, nor would It account for the Increase in older lands. In Great Britain the per capita consumption of Intoxicating lif;uor has Increased by about one- third. An explanation is suggested by Mr. T. P. Whittaker, M.P., in a very thoughtful address delivered this year in St. James' Hall, London, before an exceptionally large, influential and representative audience, presided over by the Rt. Hon. Viscount Peel. Mr. Whittaker believes that there is more drinking now than there was half a century ago, but that the drinking is of a different kind. " It is more fre- quent anu regular. There is less ob' lous intoxication, but there is more ' soaking.' There Is less reel- ing drunkenness, less evident excess, and, consequently, fewer cases in the police court, and fewer guests under the table, but, taking the year round, more liquor is swaHowed." This explanation, which seems reasonable, might, by superficial ob- servers, be considered as indicating an improved condition of affairs. This is not the view taken by those who are accustomed to studying the drink question from a scientific standpoint. Mr. Whlttaker's own opinion is stated in the lecture to which reference has Ijeen made in the following terms : " There has been great changes In manners and customs in this respect (luring the last hundred years, but they have not affected for the better the quantity consumed. Habitual drinking, continual and frequent, has taken the place of occasional bouts of brutal drunkenness. The present lustom may offend our sensibilities less, and impress our minds less luridly, but it is not in every respect and altogether a change for the better. .Medical men tell us that continual drinking on what may be called a moderate scale is more injurious to the drinker than occasional outbursts of drunkenness with periods of ab- stention between would be." This explanation of the recorded in- crease in the consumption of intoxi- cants will cause profound anxiety among thoughtful persons and well- wishers of humanity. The change from occasional excess, which is un- der the restraint of legal penalty and public opprobrium to continuous in- dulgence that saps the vitality, is de- cidedly a change for the worse, and THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. •calls for earnest effort to meet thia new pbaae of the drink peril. Mr. Whlttaker's views concerning the evil results of steady drinking are In harmony with the opinions of eminent scientists who speak with authority regarding physiological and medical questions. In support of his argument the learned lecturer quoted a number of these opinions, among them being the following : The late Sir William Gull : " It Is one of the commonest things In Eng- lish society that people are In.ured by drink without being drunkards. It goes on so quietly that it Is even very difficult to observe. A man's nearest friends will frequently not know It." Sir Henry Thompson, the well- known surgeon, said : " The habitual use of fermented liquors to an extent far short of what is necessary to pro- duce drunkenness, and such as Is quite common In all ranks of society, in- jures the body and diminishes the mental power to an extent which I think few people are aware of. I have no hesitation in attributing a very large proportion of some of the most painful and dangerous maladies which come under my notice, as well as those which every medical man has to treat, to the ordinary and daily use of fermented drink taken In the quantity which is conventionally deemed moderate." " There is no agent," says Dr. News- holme, Medical Officer of Health for Brighton, in his annual report for 1900, " so competent to hurry on the degenerative changes In the system associated with old age ; In other words, alcohol is one of the chief causes of premature old age. It Is not sufficiently recognized that these evil effects are very commonly pro- duced by the systematic Indulgence In an amount of alcoholic drinks, that would by most be regarded as moder- ate ; and that those who, while never becoming Intoxicated, dally take a considerable amount of spirits (espe- cially If taken apart from meals) ere much more likely to suffer In health, and prematurely break down, than a laborer who may get drunk once a fortnight, aud be a teetotaller In the Intervals." Dr. Clouston, In an article on Al- coholism, in Qualn's " Dictionary of Medicine " (1902) says : " There can be no doubt that a man may induce some of the most marked and far- reaching pathological effects of alco- holic excess without having once been ' drunk '—without ever having had acute or chronic alcoholism or mental disturbance In any active form. He may ultimately reach al- most complete intellectual dissolu- tion, utter moral and effective per- versity, and total loss of memory through the steady brain-poisoning of a respectable and almost unobserved excess." Dr. Macroire (late physician to the Fever Hospital, Liverpool), said : " After having treated more than three hundred thousand cases in the town hospital, Liverpool, I give it as my decided opinion that the constant moderate use of stimulating drinks is more injurious than the now and then excessive irdulgence in them." S I 28 THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. DRINK AND CRIME IN CANADA A Record that Coniemm the Liquor Traffic Drink tbe Chief Cauic of Vicious and Criminal Conduct - An Evil that Ovght to be Put Down It would be easy to All a volume with forcible evidence demonstrating that among the causes of vice and crime, Intemperance has the foremost place. It is to be regietted that our Dominion shows little improvement in this respect. The convictions for crime of every kind in the Dominion of Canada and the Province of On- tario during the past ten years are set out in the following table : Year. Ontario. Canada. 1892 15,017 34,997 1893 15,047 35,653 1894 14.033 36,165 1895 13,852 37,585 1896 14,109 37,278 1897 14,151 37,978 1898 13,911 38,206 1899 14,091 38,710 1900 15,650 41,653 1901 16,268 42,144 Total . . 146.129 380,369 Of the 380,369 convictions, there were no fewer than 115,431 for the offence of drunkenness alone. There is no doubt that a large number of the offences reported under such headings as vagrancy, assaults, breach of ponce, cruelty, neglect to support family, threats, trespass. Indecent conduct, and the like, are largely at- tributable to intemperance. Extent cf Drunlcenness Even the convictions for drunken- ness as quoted, are far below the ac- tual number of arrests for this offence, the figures fnr convictions not including the great number of " drunks " who are arrested by police officers and discharged by the magis- trates. For example, the arrests for drunkenness in the city of Toronto, in 1901 numbered 3,943, while the con- victions recorded for the County of York, including Toronto, were i^nly 767. No doubt a number of otfence.s are committed by the same person, but on the other hand the figures show nothing of the vast amount of drunkenness which finds no record on police court books. Other Crimes CauseH by Drink It is not practicable to make an exact statement of the extent to which crime other than drunkenness results directly from indulgence in strong drink, and therefore indirectly from the liquor traffic. The report of the Committee of Convocation of York, England, sets out a startling array of testimony from officials of all kinds who have to deal with offences against the law, showing that drink is both a predisposing and an exciting cause of very much wretched- ness and crime. It says : Many magistrates, governors of gaols, chaplains of gaols, and super- intendents of police, concur in stating that of those crimes which obtain public notice, from 85 to 90 per cent, are the direct result of drunkenness. A most systematic and thorough offiical inquiry into the relationship of drink and crime was made in the year 1895 by the Massachusetts State Bureau of Statistics. The offences, surroundings, and antecedents of every offender "convicted in the State during the year, were carefully inves- tigated, and the result published in a most comprehensive report, from which we gather the following infor- mation : There were made in all 26,672 con- victions. Of these 17,575 were for THE CAMPAIGN MANrAI.. •jg the offence of drunkenness alone, and <)67 were for the offence of drunken- ness associated with some other crime, leaving only 8,440 offences com- mitted by persons who were sober. The report further showed that In 22 514 cases the Intemperate habits of' the criminal had led to the condi- tion which induced the crime, and that 25,137 of the offenders were ad- dicted to the use of intoxicating liquor. Of the whole number of offenders. 15,440 had drinking fathers and 5,464 had drinking mothers. A somewhat similar inquiry had been made a few years before by Hon. Carroll D. Wright, now Chief Statis- tician of the United States, Into the personal history of all offenders sen- tenced In the county of Suffolk, Mass., including the city of Boston, for a year. In his report of fi careful Investiga- tion of 16,877 cases, he states that after deducting the cases of drunken- ness and violation of the liquor laws, he found forty-five per cent, of the remaining crimes to be fairly attribut- able to Intemperance, making a total of eighty-four per cent, of all criminal cases due directly or Indirectly to the influence of liquor. The report of the Ontario Prison Reform Commission, In 1891, says : Drunkenness does more than any other cause to fill the gaols, and It unquestionably does much to recruit the ranks of the criminal classes. Of the 11.893 persons committed to the gaols of the Province during the year 1889, no less than 4.777 were charged with having been drunk and disorder- ly, and In all probability excessive \i"se of strong drink was the chief oause of trouble In the case of 534 persons who -were committed ■^•^ the (■harp;e of common assault. Of the 11.587 cases disposed of in the police court of the city of Toronto 5.441 were cases of dninUpnnes.=! and d'.sorderly conduct caused by drunkenness. . . The number of convictions on charges of drunkenness in the Province dur- ing the year was 7.059, verv nparly one-third of the whole; and of the <'>75 prisoners In the common gaols at the close of the year a very large pro- portion were habitual drunkards. ChiUren Mjid« Criminab Intemperance indirectly causes a vast amount of crime by creating such conditions of heredity and environ- ment as to make it impossible for a great many children \o become any- thing else than paupers and criminals. They are born of intemperate parents, they grow up surrounded by sin, de- gradation and ail kinds of Induce- ment to vice. It is impossible to es- timate how mudi of our crime finds Its origin in this way. The convictions reported In the otR- cial returns are separated into sum- mary convictions made by magistrates and convictions for Indictable offences which are usually tried by juries. Of the offences for which summary con- victions are made, drunkenness and crimes arising out of drunkenness constitute the larger number. Fuller particulars are, however, given con- cerning the offenders who are tried for indictable offences, and an ex- amination of the records concerning persons convicted of these serious crimes gives the following startling results for last year, concerning a total of 5,034 persons convicted In Canada, including 2,775 convicted in the Province of Ontario. Canada. Ontario. Total criminals con- victed 5,634 2,77.-. Under sixteen years of age 1,015 600 Sixteen years and under twenty-one 882 448 Total under twenty- one years 1.897 I.OIS That is more than one-third of the total convict" ins for indictable offences for the year 1901 were of perHons un- der twenty-one years of age. What Canadian Judgts Say It would be oasy to furnish a great array of evidence regarding this re- 30 THE CAMrAION MANUAU latlonsLlp of drink to crime. Tne Royal Commission on the liquor traffic received 161 answers from Judges and magtstrates to the follow- ing question : In your opinion, what proportion of the criminal cases which have come before you Is attributable, directly or Indirectly, to the use of Intoxicating beverages ? The answers were classifled by the commission as follows : Under 10 per cent 8 Ten per cent, to 25 per cent 11 Twenty-flve per cent, to 50 per cent. 8 Fifty per cent, to 75 per cent 65 Over 75 per cent 15 Indeljnite 53 ICl It will be noticed that a large num- ber of answers are indefinite. This no doubt means simply that the per- sons replying did not give their an- swers in percentage form, many of them, however, probably being over- whelming evidence that d Ink is a cause of crime. The Traffic the Cause It seems hardly needful to offer evi- dence to show that these terrible evils are not only the direct outcome of Intemperance, but are the fruit of the liquor traffic. Here are some sample statements : Convocation of the Province of York.— The multiplied facilities for obtaining drink may be regarded as the greatest conducing cause of in- temperance. The returns Invariably show that when these facilities are Increased, drunkenness increases also; that when there are lessened, there is a corresponding diminution in in- temperance; and this rule seems to operate with all the force of a natural law. Report of the Convocation of the Province of Canterbury. — " It appears an unquestionable fact that in pro- portion as facilities in a*y shape for procuring intoxicating liquors are countenanced and afforded, the vice of intemperance and its dismal effects are Increased. That this would be the case has been continually main- tained by members of the community desirous of the repression of intem- perance, and extensively acquainted with different phases of its workings. This conclusion the evidence before your committee amply confirms." Hon. George E. Foster, late Finance Minister of Canada.— No intelligent observer will, for a moment, attempt to deny that a large part of the in- temperance of our people arises from the mult.plie 1 facilities for drinking which are set up and maintained by authority of our laws. Minority Report Royal Commission. —The drink habit is specially char- acterized by its tendency to rapid growta when it is fostered. The liquor traffic differs from other busi- ness which simply furnishes a supply of that for which there exists a de- mand. The sale of liquor Is gener- ally recognized by those who have studied the subject as a cause of drinking, and as being chargeable with the drunkenness that exists and the evils that follow drunkenu-is. An Awful Record Hon. Sir Oliver Mowat, now Lieu- tenant-Governor of Ontario, stated that in his opinion " an enormous P! portion, probably three-fourths of the vice that prevails at the present day, of the crime with which we have to contend ... Is owing to the foul evil of Intemperance." Applying this statement to the convictions re- corded by Canadian courts, a\3raging 38,000 per year, we reach thj sadden ing result that fully 28,000 of the convictions are the actual result of the liquor system. These figures are startling enough in themselves, but they only give a faint idea of the terrible evil which they represent. Behind every single conviction lies a sad tale of degrada- tion and shame. In many cases a piti- ful record of sorrow and suffering for others besides the offender. Far be- yond all react of the imagination is the fearful extent of heart-break and home-wreck, and all the physical and mental woe, involved in the tragic history of so many ruined lives. Surely the law of a Christian com- munity should prohibit, not sanction, such a terrible, evil. THE CAMPAIGN MANUAI-. Ml THE CASE OF MANITOBA The liquor party argue that the actual public opinion of Manitoba Is against prohibitory legislation. They claim that this is shown by the flKures of the voting in the recent Referen- dum. A careful examination of those figures will, however, show the ab- surdity of the contention. or if sixty-two and one-half per cent, of all the electors voting were in favor of the Act. When the Manitoba Liquor Act was passed in 1900, prohibitionists expected that it would be put into operation without any further voting. If the courts declared it constitutional. There was no question raised as to Its popularity. The people had declared in favor of prohibition In 1892 by a vote of 19,637 against 7,115, and again In 1898 by a vote of 12,419 against 2,978. The Privy Council's decision affirm- ing the validity of the Liquor Act was rendered on November 22nd last. Manitoba prohibitionists looked for the Immediate Issuf- of an Order In Council bringing the Act Into force. Their disappointment was great when the Government proposed to have a third vote taken upon the question. They were also dissatisfied because the Referendum Act did not embody the simple democratic principle of ma- jority rule. What the Manitoba Referendum Act provided was that an Order-in-Council should Issue putting the Prohibitory Act In force If the votes polled in favor of prohibition amounted to lorty-flve per cent, of the number ol persons qualified to vote, of if slxty- per cent, of all such persons voted and at least sixty per cent, of those who so voted were in favor of the Act, The annoyance of the prohibition- ists took the practical form of a re- fusal to take part In the Referendum. A great convention of temperance workers, held In Winnipeg, was al- most unanimous in declaring its de- termination to abstain from partici- pation in such unjust and unneces- sary contest, and In calling upon pro- hibitionists to Ignore the vote and stay away from the polls. Some prohibitionists objected to this policy and began a campaign to secure the polling of as large a vote as pos- sible for prohibition. This move- ment, however, was not approved or accepted by prohibitionists generally, and a great number stayed away from the polls In accordance with the de- cision arrived at by the Alliance Con- yentlon. Shortly before the voting a confer- ence of workers was held to consider the situation, and If possible lay down a general policy for united action. This conference did not reverse the action formerly taken, the policy de- cided upon being set out In the fol- lowing terms : " That this Conven- tion agrees to recommend the cessa- tion of all further organized effort to influence the vote on April 2nd, and that each man be left to exercise his individual judgment irrespective of allegiance to any temperance organ- ization." This declaration was made on March 25th. A number of prohibitionists THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. Went to the polls. The oppoaltlon to voting ^u. however, ho widespread and so strong that it Is safe to say that not half of the prohibition vote was polled. The Referendum Act under which the voting took place left the door wide open for fraudulent voting, and as a matter of fact the liquor party did carry on a campaign of improper practices which swellfil (h»lr v"te for lie.vond its actual honest dimensions. entered on the municipal llHts who did not cast their votes. The persons entitled to vote in the Referendum were those entitled to vote at a Provincial or Dominion cIpi - tlun. Manitoba has a manhood fran- chise for Provincial election purposes. Statutory provision is made for the registering for general election pur- poses, of such manhood voters as are not on the municipal voters list. No such reglstrailon was held for th<' Referendum. The Referenia.n .\rt pruvided that all persons who would have a right to register If a rcglr.ra- tlon had been held, should bo permit- ted to vote upon th»ir swpa»-;ntC to their quallfl-aMon. In the Rcferendiini. therefore, ali person.s whose names were on the municipal voters list and all who swore that they had a right to be regibtered as manhood suffrage voters, were permitted to vote. The total n\imber of voters whose names were on the municinal voters lists, along with those who voted as manhood suffrage voters without being listed, amounted to 74.477. The total nuiiiber or votes adualiy cast was 38.071. As no doubt all who claimed to vote as manhood voters actually voted, it follows that there were 46,406 voters duly qualified and The vote polled itood aa follows : For prohibition 15,807 Against prohibition 22,464 Majority against 6,857 If prohibitionists had polled their full vote, a great many prohibition electors would have voted on man- hood suffrage qualification and thus !well»d the total available vote be- yond even the 74,477 which ihn Clerk of the Executive Committee Council reported as qualified to vote. The unfair Referendum Act required that prohibitionists to win should poll an unreasonably large proportion of the votes cast. With the liquor vote at its .ecorded strength, prohibition- ists could have won only by polling 32.51.5 VQtes, a little more than twice as many as they actually cast. The prohibition vote shortage was there- lore 16,008. It is worthy of note that even with- out the registration of the many man- hood suffrage prohibitionists who stayed away from the polls, the vote left unpolled was remarltably large as compared with the vote left unpolled in the last general Dominion election for which a registration was held. The figures for that election were as follows : Votes available 64,027 Votes polled 41,687 Left unpolled 22,340 Thus there were more than twice as many unpolled votes in the Referen- uiini a.^ llifre weie in the general Do- minion election of 1900, and there is no doubt that a vast majority of the ;inpollnd voters were in favor of pro- hibition. In fact their approval of THE CAMPAIGN MANl'AL. :t;i prohibition was In many caies the rea- non for their not Toting. It l8 clear, therefore, that the Referpndum In no aense expressed the opinion of Manitoba upon the ques- tion of prohibition, except in so far as thp figures above set out make It clear that there is a great majority of the electorate in favor of prohibi- tion and opposed to the unjust meth- o 81,769 the dates and with the re- Votes cast .TK'st Pro- hibition. 7,115 3,390 12,355 Maj. for Pro- hibition.. 12,522 7,226 31,401 on September 29th, 1898, and tlie Against. 115.2S4 122. T'O .- ■ ro ' -.75 1.146 2,978 4,756 2,824 Ma.lority For. 39,214 Maj. Against. Total 278,380 264.693 29,308 17,344 8.315 9.441 975 3.414 108.011 94,324 94,324 34 THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL, IS CANADA TO LEAD? Canadians take pride in the high position which our young community has already attained among the na- tions of the earth. This position Is partly the result of our possession of vast natural resources. Our oppor- tunities for the production of wealth are almost unlimited. Our great North-West seems destined to become the granary of the world, its wheat production for 1902 being about 75,- 000,000 bushels, although only a frac- tion of its available wheat-producing land has been brought under cultiva- tion. Our magnificent forests, our rich mines, and our vast fisheries all pre- sent inviting field to investment and industry. Our great success is, however, to some extent due to the physical, moral, and intellectual strength of our people. A sturdy race of men has grown up in Canada. The Immi- grants to this new land are mainly the more progressive and enterprising of those who leave more crowded communities. A distinguishing charac- teristic of our people has been their temperate habits. Canada Is known throughout the world as a sober country. Our per capita consumption of strong drink Is about five gallons, in striking contrast to the more than seventeen gallons of the United States, and more than thirty gallons of many European countries. age, which gave Canadians such a. position of eminence in the recent South African war, were the outcome of their good ancestry, and environ- ment in this new land. Nothing threatens this desirable pre-eminence of our people to such an extent as does the liquor traffic. No other agency is so potential In the destruction of manhood and the de- gradation of nations. In this age of strenuous international competition, sound manhood counts for much. England's best philanthropists and shrewdest statesmen recognize the fact that the men of other nations have physical advantages which are interfering with the commercial su- premacy that Great Britain has hitherto enjoyed. In drinking communities physical, moral, and mental deterioration is marked and deplored. There Is little room for doubt that the keen sight, the ready adaptability to circum- stances, the physical strength, the power of endurance, the moral cour- An English leader of moral reform. Rev. J. C. Aked, of Liverpool, dealt forcibly with this element of national peril In a recent address from which we take the following quotations : " We are thrust into the competi- tion of men and nations. What place are we to hold ? A nation whose blood is sluggish with drink, whose brain Is alcoholized, whose nerve force and vitality are sapped by dram-drinking, must go under in the on-rush of a healthier and sober and purer stock. " We are dreaming of combination that will be better than competition. We are talking of the federation of mankind. But the essential condi- tion of combination is that we shall be worth combining with. Strong, pure races will be accorded, and will take the lead, to the dis- placement of races that are lower and weaker in the social, moral, and in- tellectual scale. " In such a view it is not the per- sonal Injustice done to the individual which now looms large, it is the dan- THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. .•55 ger to the community. The com- mon sale of Intoxicating liquors Is a crime again the nation. The license system Is treason against the State." In a recent Important book on Efficiency and Empire, Mr. Arnold White makes the following startling statement : " In the Manchester district 11,000 men offered themselves for war ser- vice between the outbreak of hostili- ties In October, 1899, and July, 1900. Of this number 8,000 were found to be physically unfit to carry a rifle and stand the fatigue of discipline. Of the 3,000 who were accepted, only 1,200 attained the moderate standard of muscular power and chest mea- surement required by the military au- thorities. In other words, two out of every three men willing to bear arms In the Manchester district are virtu- ally invalids. There Is no reason to think that the Lancashire towns are peopled by a stock Inferior in stamina to that of other large towns of the United Kingdom. On the contrary, the population of London includes a larger proportion of Incapables per thousand than the population of Man- chester or Liverpool." There Is no doubt that these condi- tions are the result of bad homes, and that bad homes are mainly the result of intemperance. Thomas P. Whlt- taker, M.P., In a recent lecture In St. James' Hall, London, to a large, in- fluential, and representative audience presided over by the Right Honorable Viscount Peel, made the following statements : " Great masses of our peoeple are brought up and live under conditions which render health, strength, vigor, and efficiency impossible. Some- thing like thirty per cent, of our population, or nearly one-third, live in poverty, and are Insufficiently fed, clothed, and housed." " How stands drinking in this con- nection ? It is the great obstacle In our path. It Is an Incessant drain upon our health and strength. It counteracts and undoes much of the good we accomplish, and it weakens, hinders, and Increases the difficulty of every effort we make to develop and protect the powers and faculties of our people." Mr. James Whyte in a recent pam- phlet, says : "What about industrial competi- tion ? The consumption of alcohol per head In the United States is just about half the quantity of that of England. Hence, in the fierce indus- trial war — " the war of the future " — on which we have been compelled to enter, It would not be very surprising if we were to find that In the United States workmen were, as producers, getting the better of Englishmen. The drink question Is becoming of pressing Importance, not only for Im- perialists, but for all other patriots." The conclusion is inevitable. If Canada Is to maintatn her place, her men must be sober, moral, industri- ous, and efficient. They must be well-edacated and well-cared for in well-equipped homes. The liquor traffic Is the great destroyer of this essential condition. If Canada Is to lead, the liquor traffic must be put down. ,•?« THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. LIQUOR LICENSES IN ONTARIO Evidence of the steady growth of public opinion against the liquor traffic is to be found in the official tables showing the number of licenses Issued in the Province of Ontario during the last twenty-seven years. The great reduction shown for the year 1877 was due to the Crook's Act. The reduction in shop licenses in 1877 was caused by the law pro- hibiting the sale of liquor in places where any other business Is carried on. Vessel licenses, permitting the sale of liquor on boats, were abol- ished in 1891. The temporary reduction shown for the years 1885 to 1889 was dii'^ ' • the Canada Temperance Act. It will be noticed that If these yeai omitted the number of licenses has been steadily diminishing for eigr years, notwithstanding a steady Increase in population. The population of Ontario in 1871 was 1,620,851, and in 1901 was 2,167,- 878. In the following table the number of licenses Is given for the year e«ding on April 30th of the year named in the first column : Tavern licenses authorize the sale of liquor to be drunk on the pre- mises; shop licenses authorize retail sale of liquor, not to be drunk on the premises; wholesale licenses authorize sale in large quantities, not to be drunk on the premises. Years. 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883a 1884a :885a 1886b 1887c 1888c 1889d 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 Tavern. 4,793 4,459 2,977 2,845 2,910 3.199 3,227 3,311 3,317 3.363 3,253 2,574 1,567 1,496 2.066 3,073 3.071 2,990 2.966 2.888 2.785 2.779 2.747 2.725 2.641 2.621 2.621 Shop. Wholesale. Vessel 1,307 52 1,257 78 787 147 739 65 724 52 757 42 760 40 764 34 787 35 781 36 675 28 525 24 367 28 325 28 336 26 445 27 428 24 403 21 378 25 357 31 337 29 327 26 323 26 317 22 312 23 308 21 303 24 issel. Total 33 6.185 24 5.818 27 3,938 27 3,676 29 3,715 22 4,020 22 4.049 24 4.133 24 a4.163 21 a4,201 14 a3.970 9 b3.132 12 cl.974 13 cl.862 17 d2.445 15 3..»i60 3,523 3.414 3.369 3.276 3.151 3.132 3.096 3.064 2.976 2.950 2,948 a One county undpr Canada TpTtiprrance Act. b Nine counties undpr Canada Temperance Act. I" Twenty-five rounties under Canada Temperani'p Act. d Seventeen eountjps undpr Canada Temperance Act. THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. a7 quor ^nses Kik's pro- rrled ibol- 167.- year pre- : the 3 be ONE OF THE ALLIANCE TWaPAGE LEAFLETS. Complete Lists and Prices may be procured at the Alliance Office. PROHIBITION LEAFLETS. 2 Page Series, No. 7 Prohibition Does Prohibit. CAXADIAX EXPERIENCK. The Royal Commission prepared and sent the clerj-nicn of Canada a series of four questions dealing directly with the matter of prohibitory law and its results. Classification was made of the answers to these questions, and a summary thereuf which was embodied in the Commission's report is overwhelming evidence of the usefulness of such legislation. These replies are received from men of high character and wide experience, men whose business it is to study and under- stand just such subjects as that upon which they were asked to report. In considering the answers recorded, it is, of course, necessary to bear in mind the fact that local circumstances often interfere with the effective operations of law. We must take the great majority of results as fair iude.K of what the law actually accomplishes. Keeping these considerations in their minds we respectfull}' ask our readers to carefully consider the questions and the class- ification of answers which are as follows : Question — Has a prohibitory law bcL'ti at any time in operation in a parish mission, or other charge in which you have been stationed ? Answers. .Xffirniatlve 1 ,950 Negative 461 No experience 20 Replies indefinite 12 Question. — Was such law the Scott Act, the Dun kin .\ct. or some other local option law ? Answers. Scott, Dunkin, and local option acts i,62r Local option law 159 North- West Territories Act.. 63 Other law.s to r No experience 166 Question — From yonr experience and observation as clergyman, li.ul such prohibitory law the effect o£ lessening drunkenness V .\nsvvers. Les,sening : ,6< 6 Negative 259 No change 4 No experience 10 1 Replies indefinite 91 Question — From such experience and observation, had such pro- hibitory law the effect of increaring or lessening the drinking of intox- icating liiiuors ? Answers. In ihs 111 the Fainih. Community. Lessening 1,434 1,557 lncr<;asing 12S 137 No change 93 6<^ No experience . . . 106 98 Replies indefinite 244 166 38 THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. PROHIBITION DOES PROHIBIT. WHAT CAN BE DONE. Rev. Samuel F. Pearson was elected Sheriff of Cumberland County, Maine , in 1900. He entered upon the duties of his office on January ist, 1 901, for a two-year term. In Cumberland County IS the city of Portland, the largest city in the State. The new sheriff set to work at once to give an honest enforce- ment to the Maine prohibitory law. He succeeded. Speaking at a great meeting at Chicago on February 22nd last, he told of the results of his efforts in the following terms : — " After I had been in office for six months I thought I •would like to iinow how far the prophecies of my opponents had been fu'*Ued. So I took a carriage and drove over the city. " I took two of the leading officials with me, and I went into a great clothing house— the largest in jVla..ie— and I said to the owner : ' I would like to inquire how business has been for the last six months under honest enforcement' He put his arm through mine and said, 'Come out into the office.' In the office he said, ' I don't want this to get out among my neighbors, but my trade has increased thirty per cent, since you have been sneriff.' "We drove across to the largest retail boot and shoe dealer in the state of Maine, and I said, ' I have conie in to ask you how business is.' ' There are four more clerks on that floor to-day,' replied the owner of the store, " than there ever has been since I have been in business, and I am selling boots and shoes to men who were drunkards in Portland six months ago." " There were 277 special United States tax receipts in force in Portland the night I took the office, and other i)laces that were selling as ' kitchen bar-rooms.' I will deposit in the hands of the chairman of this meeting IpIoo and will pay for all wiring if any man in the audience will telegraph to Portland and inquire of the mayor— and he is not speciallv friendly to me — if there is an open bar-room or an open saloon in Portland. (Here Mr. Pearson counted ♦he money into the hands of Chairman Stewart). And my hundred dollars .hall belong to the man that wi'.l produce evidence that there is one sue place — not twenty-five as the Chicago Tribime sain there are, but ju.st one. " There are twenty-five cities and towns in Cumberland county outsidi of Portland, and I will put another hundred with th.it if the man will find an open saloon or an open bar in Cumberland county. There is no such thing in existence. And for that reason I stand here to claim with all the power I possess, that prohibition prohibits. Issued by the Dominion Alliance for the Suppression of the L,quor Trartii THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. 38 SOME^SCOTT ACT FACTS The Canada Temperance Act, gen- erally known as the Scott Act. Is not tot"' prohibition, or can it be as effec- tive as prohibition would be. Intoxi- cating liquor may be freely brought Into counties In which It la In force, the sale only being Illegal. Notwith- standing this serious difficulty. It has accomplished very much good In the part 01 New Brunswick In which It Is In operation. The Scott Act was carried in ten counties of New Brunswick and in the cities of Portland and Fredericton. One of these counties was St. John, in which is situated the city of St. John, with which the city of Portland 1? now united. The Scott Act was not carried In St. John city. This Inter- fered seriously with the usefulness of the law In St. John county and Port- land. It was repealed In these places, and the whole of St. John county Is now under license. The Scott Act is still in operation In the other nine counties, and also In the cities of Fredericton and Moncton, which are situated In York and Westmoreland counties respfctfully. Moncton was a part of Westmoreland when that county adopted the Act. The Voice of the People The opinion of the people of the province may to some extent be learned from the voting upon the Scott Act. If we take the figures of the latest voting in those places in which the law is now in force, In some of which several efforts have been madn to repeal it, we get the following as the number of vot's polled : For the Scott Act 11,543 Against the Scoit Avt . .. 6.996 Less Drunkenness and Crime Important evidence relating to New Brunswick is furnished in a document prepared by Mr. George Johnston. Dominion Statistician, in response to a letter from the chairman of the Royal Commission, addressed to the Hon. the Finance Minister, asking for statistics relating to convictions for crime in those parts the Dominion in which prohibition laws were In operation, and for similar Information relating to places not under the opera- tion of such laws. From this report the following paragraphs are taken : Thf crime returns for the Province of Ontario are made to the statistics branch at Ottawa In accordance with divisions of the country provided by the Provincial Government. The population In 1891 Is given according to divisions provided by the Federal authorities. As these two sets of divisions do not coincide, it becomes difficult to designate the Scott Act counties so that comparisons may be made as to the growth of population and other points. There is, however, in the Province of New Brunswick a group of nine counties whose territorial division have remained the same. These nine counties have been under the Scott Act for more than ten years. They are all connected geographically. They contain 61 per cent, of the whole population of the province. They have within their borders several flourishing cities and towns, as Fred- ericton, Maryville, Woodstock, St. Stephen, Mllltown, Chatham, Moncton. They seem in every respect a group fairly representative of the country, in Industries, In religious beliefs, In racial and in general conditions. In respect to crimes the statistics show that In the ten years, 1882-91 (both years included), there weve 22,- 841 convictions in the Province of New Brunswick. . . . Divided according to Soctt Act counties and non-Scott 40 THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. Act counties, there were 8,738 In the nine Scott Act counties, and 14,102 In the other counties, or as. 4 per cent. In the nine counties, and 61.6 per cent, in the non-Scott Act counties, judgpd by the criminal statistics. That is to say, 61 per cent, of the population had 381^ per cent, of the criminal convic- tions and 39 per cent, of the popula- tion had 61 1^ per cent, of the crime as indicated by the convictions. Since this was written, the liquor party have twice tried to secure the repeal of the Scott Act In Westmore- land county. On both occasions the Act was sustained by substantial ma- jorities. It is to-day the law of the same nine counties. These facts are very forcible. Mr. Johnston might have followed the comparison further. Of the 22,841 convictions, 13,598 were for the offence of drunkenness. Of these 4,986 \«ere In the Scott Act counties, and 8,612 in the counties In which license was In operation. That Is to say, sixty- one per cent, of the population (under Scott Act) had thlrty-slx and one-half per cent, of the convictions for drunl^-- ennesa, and thlrty-nlno per rent, of the population (under license) had sixty-three and one-half per cent, of the convictions for drunkenness. These results are summed up briefly in the following table : Ciinvii - tifHiaf.il- Toliil rnjiilla- ilriiiik._ri- rorivi . tioii. iitfsji. liori". Scott Act counties 196,422 4,986 8,738 License counties. 124.841 8.(;i3 14,102 There can be no arrangement made of the figures for drunkenness and other crimes In the Province of New Brunswick, which will not show that the Scott Act counties as a whole have a record for sobriety and comparative freedom from crime far ahead of the record of those counties In which the liquor traflJc Is still licensed. The Scott Act does good. Prohibition will be effective. Vote for It ! A PARASITIC INSTITUTION It is strange that some people still entertain a lingering idea that in some way the liquor traffic confers financial benefit upon the community In which it operates. They imagine that the liquor business gives em- ployment to men, creates business for storekeepers and manufacturers, and helps to raise taxes. We cannot too often reiterate the fact that this traffic is a destroyer and not a producer. It can give up nothing that it does not first absorb. It cannot buy a pG;;nd of sugar, with- out first taking the price out of the pockets of the people. It cannot pay a dollar of rent, or a cent of taxes. it cannot employ a man. or drive a nail, or paint a board, or buy a pound of coal or a stick of wood, without making the people pay for every item of such outlay. All that the traffic spends it must acquire. For all that it acquires it gives no return. The man who has drunk a glass of beer costing five cents, or the community which has consumed thousands and thousands of barrels of liquor, has absolutely noth- ing to show for the investment except purchased impoverishment and deter- ioration. The liquor traffic never pays. It simply plunders. THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL. 41 A GREAT LESSON TWENTY YEARS WITHOUT A SALOON A statement compiled from official reports, by Henry H. Faxon, of Boston, conUlns the following among other Interesting facts, proving that the abolition of saloonn has been an Immense benefit to the city of Quincy^ Mass. The instructive figures speak for themselves : THE LAST YEAR OF LICENSE. AFTER 20 NO-LICENSE YEARS. 1K81. I»01. POPUl TION. i0,855 23.899 VALUATION OF PROPERTY. |7,560,3SL I $21,318,250. SAVING BANK DEPOSITS. $173,&50. I $715,484.78. In . . 2,530 deposits. | In . . 10,011 deposits. NEW HOUSES. , 24 1 123 Vote > PAID FOR SUPPORT OF POOR. $15,415.07 I $13,455.86 4 While the population increased 120 per cent., the amount expended for the- I poor department decreased 12 per cent. J QUINCY CONTRASTED WITH LICENSED CITIES. M Population Paid for Per Capita Arrests for ^ 1900. Support of poor drunkenness. 1901. 1901. Chicopee 19,167 $23,523.91 $1.22 306 Marlboro 13.609 17,718.80 1.30 199 Newburyport 14,478 25,667.43 1.77 643 Northampton 18,643 16.689.26 .89 519 Plttsfield 21,766 21,685.96 1.00 864 Quincy 23.899 13,455.86 .56 181 VOTE OF QUINCY ON THE LICENSE QUESTION. 1882-1901. Year No. Yes. Maj. | Year No. Yes. Maj. 1882 1,057 457 600 ' 1892 1,860 956 904 1883 1,086 458 628 1893 1,886 1,060 826 1884 1,067 407 660 1894 1,899 1,037 852 1885 1,002 .510 492 1895 1,958 1,177 781 1886 1,017 2.58 759 1896 2,074 1,370 704 1S.S7 1.071 259 812 1897 2.047 1,194 8.53 1888 1,064 293 771 1898 2.126 1.191 935 1888 1,394 458 936 1899 2,213 1.388 825 1889 1,162 618 .544 1900 2,192 1.412 780 1890 1.339 720 619 1901 2.514 1,226 1,288 1891 1.659 835 824 42 THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL PROHIBITION IN KANSAS A Cloud of Witnesses Strang StatemenU from Reliable Men- The Law is Gooi— And Does Good — Testimony to its Value and Success We have pleasure in presenting to our readers a great array of fa fore. Much of it will be new to Canadian.^. In the year 1880 the electors of Kan- sas voted upon and approved an amendment to the State Constitution in the following terms : The manufat ture and sale of intoxi- cating liquors ;!.?ill ba forever prohib- ited in this State, except for medical, Ecientlflc, and manufacturing purposes. In favor of the amendment 91,874 votes were polled, and against it 84,- 037. In the following year the Legis- lature enacted "a prohibitory law. The Royal Commission Enquiry In 1893 the Canadian Royal Com- mission on the liquor trafflc visited severai cities of Kansas and examined Bixty-flve witnesses. They learned that it was difficult to enforce the law in Kansas City, Kan., which is only separated by a river from Kansas City, Mo., where license law is in oper- aton ; and that similar difficulty was ''xperienecd in Leavenworth, on the Missouri River, which is a military post, and has a large foreign popula- tion. Notwithstanding these unfavor- able conditions, many witnesses testi- lied that even in these cities the law hac\ done very much good. In other parts of the State the beneficial effects of the law of prohibition were strik- ingly manifest. More than three- fourths of the witnesses examined un- hesitatingly testified to the good effects of the law. A number of persons who had opposed the adoi)tion of prohi- bition, declared that they had been led to change their views by its satis- factory working, and now strongly favored it. The following extracts from the evidence taken are merely samples of many similar atatementa that Were made : 8. M. aardenBhlre, of Topeka, Clerk the District ( County) Covrt, said : We have no criminal business to speak of in this county, and we have not had since the adoption of the pro- hibtory policy. We have less than four cases on our docket now. In this county of eighty thousand people. We do not average a capital offence per year in this court, and this court has exclusive criminal jurisdiciion. We have sent less than twelve men to the penitentiary in the past year from this county for all crimes. Hon. Mr. Gains, State Superintendent of Pub- lic Instruction, said : The effect is grand. In Dickenson County I stood before one of the high schools and asked how many of the pupils had never seen a saloon. Out of an attendance of 140, over 100 of their hands went up in answer : they were yo'ing boys and girls who had never seen a saloon. We have a four weeks term of special training for teachers in the summer months in each county, and I have asked as many as 140 or 150 teachers at these asseni- Iilages how many had never seen a saloon, and in answer the majority of hands went up. This shows that we have driven the saloon from the State. Col Jansea Abemathy, Manufacturer, Leaven- worth, said : I believe there is great improvement even right here in Leavenworth, in comparison with the time before the law was passed. I know a great many THE CAMPAIGN MANUAL 4;! m men" who have quit drinking. Al- though the law has been poorly en- forced, I believe a great deal of good has come of it, even here, although this la probably the hardest place in the State of Kansas in which to en- force the law, owing to its peculiar circumstances. " Facts, not Opinions " In May 1892, Sir Joseph HlclcBOU, chairman of the Commission, ad- dressed a letter to Hon. L. D. Lewel- ling. Governor of Kansas, asking for Information regarding State liquor legislation and its effects. In reply he received the following letter : Executive Department, Governors Office, Topeka, April 19th, 1893. Mr. J. Hlckson, Chairman, Montreal, Canada. Dear Sir, — Replying to your letter of the 4th inst, I have the honor to submit the document, " Prohibition in Kansas," which I think covers most of the points required in your letter. Trusting this will be satisfactory, I am yours very truly, L. D. Lewelllng, Governor. The full title of the pamphlet ac- companying this letter was " Prohibi- tion in Kansas ; Facts, not Opinions." It had atached to it the following cer- tificate : "Topeka, Kan., April 10, 1889. " We have examined the statement piepared by the President and Secre- tary, and the ex-president and ex-sec- rctary of the Kan.sas State Tei 'per- ance Union, upon the subject of Pro- hibition and its results in our State. We find it a fair, honest, and true statement of our condition, and we heartily endorse it as such. (Signed) " Lyman (J. Humphrey, Governor, "William Hlggins, Sec. of State, " Timothy McCarthy, Auditor of State, " J. W. Hamilton. Treasurer of State. " G. W. Winaiis, Stipt. Public Instruc- tion, " L. B. Kellogg, Attorney-General, " Albert H. Horton, Chief Justice, " D. M. Valentine, Associate Justice, " W. A. Johnson, Associate Justice." The document thus submitted by the Governor is worthy of special note. Its statements, endorsed as they are by high officials, must be accepted as accurate and thoroughly reliabU. Among the clear declarations which It makes are the following : The law is effi