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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Stre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n4cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 \ ^nasEC I u THE \' ORANGE OUESTIOH TREATED BY SIR FRANCIS HINCKS AND THE LONDON "TIMES ft Beiog Composed of two Letters to the Montreal Gazette, and au Editorial from the LondoQ Times condemnatory of Orangeism. i i PRICE FIVE CENTS. MONTREAL : Frintxd at the "Tbub witness" OrFiOB. isn ■ 1 - om 1 I n * 'im. , MM /(if ^ -* |t*| 0t%^ I ■ JV '-«. }. * |8-M ^'-^IJ'sfe^;^^,, ;#; ' 4 * ' -. .Vr , .vj'S f. .J *t^v j*rfl«(t ^ 5V «4t *^sc: ;/ ■^'t'i •+«,/ '',•■*; Sm FRANCIS HINCKS. t:.;wr, .-;: ON THE ORANGE TROUBLES. I,!"?.*-' To THH Editor of the "Gazette": Fir. — T venture to assert without fear of contra- diction that nine-tenths of the inhafatants of this city, irr. spective of national origin or religious belief, are anxious for a restoration of thai har- mony which prevailed among us a month ago. It has been foitunate that the intense bitterness which has chaiactt-rized our political discussions has chiefly prevailed among the more educated classes, who do not carry revolvers, and who do not allow their political feelings to get the better of their judgment. There is another c^.use for con- gratnlation. la the ^'lolent party quairels of thirty^ or forty years ago ci'izens of conflictintr religious opinions were, as a rule, on opposite is'des in politics, and this naturally led to increast^d bitterneps of feeling. At the present time the citizens of Mon- treal are politually divided without reference to their religious belief, and it may, therefore, be reasonably expected that it will be more easy to ftllay the feud with which the city has been suddenly visiteu. I believe that I am correct in asserting that, as ri'gards Vie Roman Catholic element in onr population^ con-^iderable numbers both of French Canadian and Irish Catholics are to be found in the ranks of the supporters and op- ponents ot the Government, and that the same re- mark will apply to all or nearly all of the various Protestant denomination)^. Surely if I am correct m my statement, all the influential citizens of Montreal should concur in a det«'imination to resist every attempt that may be made to substitute a rt- ligious for a political party issue. I fear very much that th«» discussione which are being carrjed on in the public JHurnals and at public meatiDgH are more CHlculatid to intt^n^ify thnu to allay the prevailing bitteiDesfi of feeling ; and ytit, though I am moHt anxiourt to do all in my power to rentore harmony, I am far from certnin that in trying to do so, I shall have any betrer success than those whose writings appear to me calculated to increase the Irritation which already exists. Of one thing I am clear, which is that uo good end will be served by withholding the plaiu truth through fear o* giving offence. A wise physician commrijcee by making a diagnosis of his rase before he considers how a cure U to be eff-^cted 1 have read a great deal of what has been written with reference to the recent unfortunate oceurience in Montreal, not only in Canadian, but in foreign newspapers, and I must acknowh dge that, in my judgment, there is a total want of appreciation of the cause that has led to a calamity, which was, on its occurrence, almost uni- versally deplored by the citizens of M' ntreal. Though most anxious to avoid anything approach- ing to controversial discussiim, I can hardly ex- plain satisfactorily my own view of the case with- out referring to that taken by others In the late, article in the French column of the Montreal Witness, entitled " La Question Brulante," it is stated *' We comprehend that it must be disagreeable to the Irish to see perpetuated the memr>ry of the bnttle of the Boyne in Ireland, where the Dutch William of Orange beat the K^man Oatholics." The waiter adds, and most assuredly cannot be charged with want, of zeal in the ca^ise of the Protestant re. ligion, •• it would be wiser if the Orange society did not exist, or that it took another name, aud adopted another color than oiange." I have it .'\d in many jaewppapers, as well as in the sermon of the Rev. Mr. Doudiet, a similar expression of opinion that the cause of offence to Irish Roman '"'atholics is the oeUbration of the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne. I believe that those who entertain this opinion are under a complete d^lusion, from which it is most desirable that they should be freed. Irish R »man Catholics would never have resented the celebration of an ordinary victory, but the Battle of the Boyne was the r* " of a series of vic- tories which led to the comp^^te subjugation of 1 Cath<»lic IreVDd to Protestant Great Britain, and the t f!>ct of that Bubjnuation wag that a ProtestaQt minority, Settled cliitHy in oneof the four Pro^iucea of Jreland, was enabled to nile a RouuHn Catholic majoriry in the three other Provinces with a rod of iron during the ei>?hteenth ctntury. Them-'ttoof the Protestant minokity f«»r years before the Oranjre Lodges came into exi^tence was '' Protfs-tant Akcbndency," and this was maintained by Penal Lawn^ every ameliorntion of whi h laws ;ned for the Priesthood, young Duiifeoan had caught the eye of a Protestant cl»Tgyman, who introuduced him inio a grammer school. Thence having changed his religion and laodified his name, h« found his' way to a f«llowship at Trinity Oolhge, and thence to distinction at the Bar a^d to P every Roman Crttholic, and inasmuch as every Roma^i Catholic is perfectly aware of the leading principle of the Orange Socitty, he regards every member of the Order v^ith that hatred which has ever been entertained by the oppressed people towards their oppressors. Before leaving this branch of my subject in wnich I have endeavored to explain the naturo of the penal laws which existed during the period of Protestant ascendency, and which were neither adverted to in the sermon of the R<;v. Mr. Doudiet nor in the articles iw the Witness and National, and with which I find few but Irish Catholics much acquainted, I shall ask permission to give a few extracts from the history of Macaulay and Froude, the latter the un- flinching defender of Protestnnt ascendency, while the former was an enthusiastic admirer of William of Orange. {From Macaulay' 8 History.) " With what contempt, with what antipathy, the ruling minority in that country long regarded the subject mtjority may be best learned from the hate- ful laws which, within the memory of men still living, dipgraced the Iri-h Statute Book. Those laws were at length annulled, but the spirit which tad dictated them survived them, and even at this day sometimes breaks out with excesses pernicious to the commonwealth, and dishonorable to the Protestant religion." * * • "The iron had entered into the soul. The memory of past defeats, the habit of daily enduring insult, and oppression,- \ 8 bad cowed the spirit of the unhappy nation. There were indeed Irihh Roman Catholics of great ability, energy and ambition ; but they were to be found eveiywhere except in Ireland — at Veraailleg and at Saint Ildefonso, in the arruies of Frederic and in the arm ieB of Mariii Theresa. One exile became a lilt^rshal of France Another became Prime Minister of Spain. If he bad stayed in his native land he would have been regarded as an Inferior by all iguorant and worthless Squireens who drank the " glorious and immortal memory. In his palace at Madrid he had the pltasure of being asbldnously courted by the Ambassador of George the Second and of bidding dt fianct^ in high terms to the Am- bassador of George III. 8 -attered over all Europe were to b) found brave Irish Generals, dexterous Irish diplomatists, Irish Counts, Irish Barons, Iiish Knights of Saiot Denis and Saint Leopold, of the White Eagle and the Golden Fleece, who if they had remained in the house of bondage could not have been ensigns of marching regiments, or free- men of petty corporations. ♦ • * • » ♦ We have never koowo and can but faintly con- ceive the feelings of a nation doomed to see coQ- gt&ntly in all its public places the monuments of its subjugation. Such monuments everywhere' meet the eye of the Irish Roman Catholics." QHe more extract from Macaulay's Essays which is particularly instructive. It has reference to Cromwell's conquest of Ireland : — " The rebellion of the aboriginal race had excited in England a strong religious and national aversion to them ; nor is there any reason to believe that the Pro- tector was so far beyond his age as to be free from the prevailing sentiment. He had van- quished them ; he knew that they were in his power, and he regarded (hem as a band of malefac- tors and idolaters who were mercifully treated if they were not smitten with the edge of the sword. On those who had resisted he had mad* war as the Hebrews had made war on the Ca.'aaoites, Droheda was as Jericho, and Wexford as \.f. To the remains of the old population the conqueror granted a peace such as that which Israel granted to the Gideonites. He made them hewers of wood and drawers of water. But good or bad, he could not he otherwise than grea^ Under 9 fATOiAble cironmstaiices Ireland would bave fonad bim a most jiiHt and bonefioial rul«r. She found in bim a tyrant; not a amall, teaHtng tyrant, Hucb as those who have bven ao long her curse and her shame, bat one of those awful tyranta who at long intervals seem to be sent on earth like avenging nngels with soium high cooimiHHioa of de^tructioa and renovation. He was no man of half measures, of mean affronts and ungracious concesHions. His Protestant ascendvucy waa not an ascendency of ribands and fiddles and statms and proc99siom." • ' {From froude's English in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century.') , " But to four- fifth 8 of the Irish peasantry, the change of masters meant only a grinding tyranny, and tyranny more nubt^arable because indicted by aliens in blood and creed. . . . The peasant of Tipperary was in the grasp of a dead hand. The will of a master whom he nevt-r saw was enforced against him by a law irreeiHtible as destiny. The absentee iandiurds of Ireland had neither com- munity of interest with the people nor sympathy of race. They had no f«.*ar of provoking their resent* ment, for they lived beyond their reach. They bad no desire for their welfare, for, as individuals, they were ig.iOrant of their existence. They regarded their Irish estates as the sources of their income ; their only desire was to extract the most out of them which the soil could be made to yield ; and tbev cared no more for the souls and bodies of those who were in fact committed to their charge than the owners of a West Indian plantation for the Lerds of slaves whose backs wtre blistering in the cane fields. ... A "^n who bad quarrelled with his father could dem ^nd a maintenance on declaring himself a Protestant, and there was thus a premium on dishonest conversions and an en^ oouragement to disobedience in children. A Protestant informer who could convict a Catholic of concealing his property, could dispossess the owner in his own favor. The disabilities extend- ing to leases, to trades and professions, the temptation to spiritual dishonentj, was carried down among the middlemen, the tenant farmers, the lawyers and the shopkeepers, and the ranks of the Protestants were swelled by gentlemen and 10 .r men of business, who in forfeiting their self-respect lost with it the sense of right and wrong." . . ^ One more extract relati?e to Lord Caoj den's re- fusal to 'iccept the proffered Orange aid to Govern- ment in 1798, just before the breaking out of the rebellion : '' Had Uamden's administration been actuated by the fanatical spirit of Piotestant ascend- ency, which it 18 usually said to have represented the Viceroy would have caught eagerly at a pro- position to accept assistance which would have re- lieved him of all anxiety for the possible success of the rebellion. He bad shrunk from the Orange- men, and he shrank from them still, because he held it inconsistent with the duty of the representa- tive of the Sovereign to raise again the banner of the Boyne, or arm Protestants against Catholics." 1 desire to state in addition to the foregoing ex- tracts that the Imperial Parliament parsed an Act prohibiting party processions, and likewise an ad- dress to the Crown praying that His Majesty Wil- liam IV., "would take such measures as should be effectual for the suppression of secret political as- sociations. This address was unanimoudy agreed to and two days afterwards the Royal reply echoing the resolution was received. It is further to be noted that a copy of the addiess and reply was sent to the Duke of Cumberland as Grand Master of the Orange Association, and that the Duke "immediate- ly sent a reply intimating that before the last de- bate in the Commons he had lecomm ended the dis- solution of Orange Societies in Ireland, and that he would immediately pioceed to dissolve all such societies elsewhere." The historian (Miss Marti- vjeau) from whom I quote bhe result of the great Parliamentary enquiry into Orange'?5m in 1336 adds, "In a few days the thing was done add Orangeism became a matter of history I" I have endeavored to convey to your readers the Muse of what people, who are ignorant of facts, believe to be an unaccountable hatred to Orange- ism on the part of Irish Roman Catholics, and I shall now advert to the introduction of Orangeism into Canad.x If I am not mistaken, it is about fifty years since Orange lodges were iirst eetablished in Upper Canada, now the Province of Ontario. It is a singular fact that although the Canadian lodges obtained their warrant!) from Ireland,^ po attemjpt n hiis ever been made, bo farss my^ knawledge ex«* tends, to give effect in Canada to the lundametitaK principle of the order, yiz., " Protestf nt aeceDd*^; ency." On the contrary, the niembers of the** Orange society became first known as a power ia^ the State by lending their aid to the old Tory party* of Upper Canada in tbe great contest for the estaWl lishiaent of " Responsible Government." Thosei-f aoqaainted with Canadian history must be swaret that the most active supporters of Eesponsibldi Government, both in and out of Parliament, were Protestants, and although the majority of Roman Catholics acted with tbe Liberal party, there was tt| sufficient number of In^uential Catholics on tbef other side to prevent the introduction of the re-® ligious element into the controversy. On several occasions the Orangemen took an active part in the political warfare, breaking up public meetings by^^^ violence and exoiting a very strong prejudic:^ against therii in the minds of tbe Protestant as welti as the Roman Catholic Reformers. In October; 1839, a meeting of the inhabitants ot the County of York convened to consider the Earl of Durham's report, was dispersed by a body of men consisting chiefly of Orangemen, armed with pistols and othe#^ weapons. The meeting consisted almost ei.clu«^ sively of Protestants. I have before me a list of t0 committee of 26 appointed to procure sig-i* natures to the address to Her Majesty, and there ii^' only one Roman Catholic name among them.' #1 mention this, not at all to revive the old quarrels* ot nearly 40 years ago, but to establish the fact that Orangeism was inutroduced into Canada not with the view of establishing " Protestant ascendi-' ency,' but to oppose a reform, the advocates of which were habitually charged with disloyalty, I am charitable enough to believe that those who joined the Orange Lodges really believed that their opponents were disloyal, and that in resorting to the violent measures which they adopted they were merely acting in accordance with the principles which they had imbibed from infancy, and which led them not to tolerate free diijcussion. So violent had been the conduct of the O-angemen during eight or ten year^ prior to 1843 that in that year Mr, Attornev-General Baldwin submitted to Pariia- ment two biUs-^oae to prohibit party processions, II 13 the other to discourage secret soci«tie8. Beiih bills passed the Council aud Assembly, but onljr one, that against party processions, b'-came law, the other haviDs: been reserved bs Governor Bir? Charles Metcalfe. The Party Processions Act was' carried by 45 to 6, and of these 45, 29 were Protest- ants and 16 Roman Catholics. It m:.y well to men^^r tion that Mr. Biildwin, with the concurrence off his colleagues, was mrvst anxious to follow the Enir«^ iieh preced«Dt of 1838, and to proceed by an ad-l dress to the Governor requesting him to discouragoK secret societies. Sir Charles Metcalfe, who wonldl have much preferred taking no action whatever, was unwilling to commit himself by axiHWt'ring an address, nnd accordiugiy KUgifested legislation. The Ministry yieldt-d the point very reluctantly, not being appiised by iSir C. Metcalfe of his iatentioa io reserve the bill. It was carried through both houses, but having been reserved never became law In the year 1851 the Party Processions' Act wa«: repealed, and it is very important that Orangemea* should bear in mind the circumstances of that repeal. A bill having been introduced for that purpose, the Government offered no opposition to it, and did not Even divide the House on the second reading a division was taken, merely that those who retained their old opinion might have an oppor* tunity of recording their adherence to them. The division was 38 to 16, but of the 38, 18 were sup- i porters of the Government, and of these no less ^ then ten French Canadians and Roman Catholics, among whom were Mr. Tache, Mr. Drummond and Mr. Cartier. I acknowledge that I voted myself in the minority of 17 with Mr Lafontaine, frnd some others who had been parties to the A.ct which wag to be repealed. We, however, gave silent vote§ without attempting to obstrr.ct the measure^ which, it was hoped, would allay the irritation which nad been created. Since that t^'me Orangeism has been extended throughout Ontario, and to some extent in the Province of Quebec. A-ssuming that I am correct in belfeviiig that Canadian OrangemeQ havd wholly abandoned the fundamental principles c^ their Order, then I must confess tliat I fail to comprehend the object that they seek to attain, for they no longer act in concert in the political ques- tions of the day. I haye looked through the ssrmon 13 of Mr. Dondiet who cannot be no ignorant as to be naaware that the boetiUty to Oraof^eism is founded on its leading principle of " Protestant ascendancy ," mkI its knfwn bias in favor of penal laws against Roman Catholics. Though he never alluded to the penal laws, he professed to beUeve that the canse of irritation was that ** Irish Catholios imagine that by this celebration we wish to throw a slur upon the bi%very of their co-religionists who fought at the Boyne." I believe that a great num- ber of Protestants in Montreal are under the same delusion. I have no d«upt that the articles in tine Tbui Witness have caused much irritation, and that the defiant tone adopted by that journal is not calculated to allay the irritation which exists among Protestants generally owing to the unexpected out- rage en the 12th instant Itis, however, a mistake, to imagine that the editor can intensify by any language of his own the f^L^ling i^ainst Orangeiem which has prevailed among Irish Catholics univers- ally sinoe the first establishment of the order, and for more than a century l)efore against those who entertained Orange principles. It iti desirable in my opinion, thaf it should be clearly understood by the Protestant population of Montreal, including the Oiangemen themselves^ what will be the inevit- able result of the threat wLich they have held out to insist on the celebration of the 12th July in Montreal. Instead of hasiarding any con- jecture of my own on the subject, I would implore my Pi'otestant fellow citizens tostody Irish history fFom 1*790 to the Union with Gret^t Britain in 1800 ; and to ask themselves if they wish that they and theif Roman Oatholio fellow-citiziens should enter- tain towards oc^e another the feelings which animated the Orangemen and Catholics of Irelukd during that period. I own thst I have read with indignati(Mi that at a meeting of Orangemen in the city of Toronto, a foreigner from Buffalo in tha United States was not only peitnitted but was encouraged to declare that foreign Orangemen would come to Montreal next year to form part o( an army of 20,000 men which has been demanded by the Orangemen of Montreal. This foreigner wa« selected to read the demand for aid, and il»ok it upon hirsiellte plr ige that it would be affoided, and I bare npt notioed aay oondemnfttion of his conduot u in the Toronto newspapers. I know that the duty of the Dominion Government will be, and I can hardly doubt that it will be reminded of it during the next session of Parliament. If any foreigners dare to pollute the soil of Canada, whether ^hey are' Orangemen or Fenians they must be met on tbe fr<»itier and be dealt with summarily. The United^ States Government, moreover, should be warned of ' its duty to Great Britain should any of its citizens conspire to perpetuate such an outrage. My sole motive for addressing the public in your columns is because I have no confidence In the suggestions which have been very generally made with the object of restoring harmony. Those suggestions have been tbe prohibition by law of ail processions. > Personally I should rejoice at the abandonment of. processlmis of every description. I shall, however^; state the reasons which lead me to tbink that it isf unadvisable to attempt such a remedy. The' national processions are harmless and only annoy- ing inasmuch as they occupy the streets, and in- volve a day's idleness to a grea*^^ number of labourers.: The processions which really cause any annoyance to Protestants are the Roman Catholin processions, ^ which are certainly not intended to give them offence. I persume that in point of fact they do not give any annoyance whatever to the great majority of Protestants, but I can readily conceive that to OrangemeD, and those who sampathizM with their views, it is vexatious to find that tbe religious processions of Roman Catholics are not prohibited by law. Is it probable, however, that the Legisla^^ turecould be induced to pass a law to prohibit buch procetjsions? I feel assured that the answer must be in the negative, and the Orangemen must be aware, from their own feelings, that it would be an> unwise course to agitate for a law on the subject. But I have a further objection to legislaiion. In has been triwi already, and the Orangemen have refused to obey f'he law. The Orangemen are fond of charging Coman Catholics with owing a divided allegiance to tbe Queen and to Pope, but lay them- selves open to the charge of owing a divided allegiance to the Queen aod to the Orange Society. It is the imperative duty of loyal men to obey the law, but Orangemen have not obeyed ar)y law for* bidding them to inarch in piocessioo with banners 15 and badges. After the experience of the past, I look on it as quite useless to legislate against Orange processions. I may add that legislation against processions in Ontailo would be wholly impracticable. Can, then, no remedy be found for the impending evil ? But one, in my judgment, which is to ret^ert to the state of things which existed two or three years ago. I shall not enter on the question of the legality of the Orange Lodge whicb has been raised of late. It is a most remarkable circumstance that the ex^ istence of Sir John ColbornK's ordnance, framed probably by Sir James Stuart or Mr. Attorney-Gen- eral Ogden, seems to have been unknown to Cana- dian politicians a few years after its enactment It is most fortunate for the Orangemen that such was the case, as, in all probability, it would have been extended to Upper Canada in 18*3 with very little opposition. For my present purpose I prefer ac- suming the legality of the societies, and, as a con- sequence, their right to walk in procession. It is, however, by no means necessary that men should exercise all their rights, and Orangemen in Mon- treal may fairly be caUed on to adopt the policy invariably followed by the Irish Orangemen, for whom, at least, they profess respnct. Now, that policy has been never to celebrate the 1 2th July in cities or towns where the great majority of the citizens are Roman Catholics. Canadian Orange- men should no more think of celebrating the an- niversary in Montreal than Irish Orangemen in Dublin, Cork, Limerick, or Waterford. Though I should not presame to call on Orangemen to a«lopt a course that is not sauotioned by ihe practice of their own order, I venture to hope that most of them will have some regard for the opinion of their fellow Protestants. Now I learn from the sermon, of the Rev. Mr. Doudiet, as well as from the speech in Toronto of a .Montreal Orang^mati—- that the Lodges were much aggrieved by the refusal of the Trustees of Protestant churches to grant their use for an Orange service on the 1 2th. Mr Doudiet says, " Every one asked for wae refused if the con- templated procession, whic/i we have the un- doubted right to make, took place." A stronger indication could hardly be given of the Protestant sentiment of Montreal. It is a singular ciroum- 16 ■taiictf ibal I hft^e not observed that the Orangef^ men bare had a service in Choreh with a violeot aoti-Popery sermon anyirhere but in Montraai. la Toronto they wenfc to the Park and lad speeches, and the day was observed elsewhere In a similar manner. I would earnestly advise all Protestants, but especially the Protestant clergy of Montreal, who must exercise a lar^e influence over their flocks, to use it for the prevention of Orange cele- brations in Montreal. It it admitted that these ^n only be observed successfully wiih the aid of strangers from Ontario cities. Common sense and Christian charity should teach those who are anxious to observe the day, to go to the places where Protestants are in the majority, as one of their number went to Toronto. I regret very much to find that an opinion prevails among some Roman Catholics that the Protestant clergy aire insincere in their opposition to Oran«:e processions and thftt they secretly encourage them. Such I feel con- vineed is not the case, but I must confess that I doubt whether they have evt-r exerted th«»ir in^ fluence against them with the same zeal that they have displayed in the cause of temperance and other reforms. I would implore them to reflect that tK9 body of strangers i^ntroduced here, however Dumereus, will keep the Catholics down beyond the brief period ef their stay in Montreal, whereas their presence will inflame the bad blood that will have been created. Furthermore, let it not be forgotten that although on Monday, the 16th, the Orange procession was protected m well as it is possible that any such procossion conld be, before sight poor Elliott was shot, and might have beeA killed just as Hackett was. If the threats that have been made, 1 trust at a m«»ment of natnral ex* oftement, be carried out, we shall have in Montreal, as formerly in Irtland, a 12th of July from the Ist of January to the Slst of December I am pef- suaded In my own mind that nothrng short of the Sibandonment of the celebration of the Orange anni- versary will seonre peace. Macaulay justly held up to ridicule a Protestant ascendency of ribandff, flddles, stataes and processions, but. In my judge- ment a fsMaaticftl sermon Is a more serious affair. I am mmble to ju^e of the reelings of Roman Cathow Mm cm the giabject, but I know thai il I wo»e o&a, 17 and had to Buhmit to the humiliation of enduring the insults of the repreBcnttttivefl of a body which had trampled on the rights and libt- I's of the people of my race and rt-ligion for c nturles, I would ten times sooner endure the insult of the libandii, the fiddl- b, the party tunes and the favor- ite expressions, " To hell with the Pope." "We'll kick the Pope before uh." than the great* r one of reading in the public journals, such a fanatical sermon, as that which was preached to the Orarge- mvn of Montreal on the 12th inst, and publihhed in all the leading n^w^jpapers of the city. The ribands, the fiddles, the flags, and the tunes, m'ght be treated with contempt by Ben^ible men, who know that the hjdra-^ieaded monster Intolerance will never be snfft^red to rear its head on tha Continent of North America, but the fana- tical sermon is calculated to exc'te the worst passions of men, already exasperated by the old- feuds of their unhappy country. I will write strongly, bacause I feel that there can be no half measurtis about the Orange celebration. If the Pioteetant Clergy of Montreal are uvable or un* willing to conti^d their congregations my convic- tion is that ihe consequences will be such as will be regretted by generations yet unborn. I have scarcely referred to the catastrophe of the 12th July, not that I shrink from the discussion, but becaise, under the cir- cumstances, I have preferred dealing with the queati »n of Orange celebr^ tionsin a city chit fly inhabited by Roman Catholics, on its own merits and free from the complications of a cat^nalty which ough not, in my judgment, to influence the deci»»ion. The simplt' question f -r solution is whe- ther it is, or IB not, expedient for Montreal Orange- men to celebrate the 12ih of July. My conviction is that they ought to imitate their brt-tbr n in Dublin, Coik, and other 'iti^s similarly situat«d, and if this be the prudent, and, I may add, the Christian course, the late unfortunate occtirreno© should not be allowed influence them to take a diflfrreut one. The bitter feelings whi jh subsist at prestnt witl subside in th* ourse of time. I depre cate ali attempts to throw " personal responsibility" on any but the perpetrators of the crime which has been committed, and which must be dealt with 18 according to law. The Orango lodares have no hesi- tation in throwing the renponsibility on the Mayor of Montreal, and Hin Honour, I have little doubt, as well as many others, would throw it on the Orange societies. The Mayor is chiefly blamed by the Orangemen for not acceding to a request that he would afford protection to their procession at a time when it was contemplated, and when they seemed to have known that it would be interfered with. I did not believe that public opinion was against the Mayor with regard to his decision on that dema'id. There was, I own, great anxiety at to the CO iseqnencep, and almost at the last moment a meeting of certain officers of sncieti«s was sum- mon»^d, with a view to bring ibflaence to bear against the contemplated procession. I own that, in my opinion, that meeting was a mi» takH, although I am persuaded that it wa» ield with the best intentions. I have no doubt that the Roman Catholic gentlemen would have acted more wisely by abstaining from all inteif. r- ence in ihe matter By takini; part they were held to have incurnd a reeponsibility for the condjct of their co rolitfionists, and have been actually charged with the violation of a pledge when they did all in their power to preserve order in the city. I admit that it it^ not an easy mattej to persuade Orangem'^n to give up ths ribands, the fiigs and the tones, but ?f Protestants could not persuade them to do so, Catholics would have little chance. What I deplored during the anxious period whicb preceded the 12th was the apathy of the Protestant clergy of the city. I h(»ped that their influence might have ibeen successfully used to prevent the celebration. As matters turned out, the final decision was arrived at too late. I doubt much -whether it was generally known that the proces- sion had been abandoned, for the crowd gathered at the Orange headqnaiters in Sr. James street evi- dently expectint? the Orangemen to come from the same place as the previous year. I am satisfied that ihere was, and is, a general opinion that an efficient police force, such as could easily have been made available, would have preserved the peace. I am not uncharitable enough to impute bad motives more especially when there is no ground for charging the Mayor vvith anything be- 19 yond an error in judgt'ment. He was aware that there was to be no procession, and he prob»bly never btffore had to deal with a 12th of July difficulty. However, there is no disputing the fact that had the police been on hand for three or four, hours the crowd would have been dispersed with- out doing harm, and all the bitter feeling of the last fortnight would have been avoi'^'ed. After the unfortunate event t^ere was a general ieeiing that there ought to be lo interference with the arrange- ments for the funeral. The Or&ngemen determined on making ademonstratianthathas excited feelings among the Roman Catholics th^t I earnestly hope will soon subsid'", I ^o not join la the condtmua- ♦'on of the True Witj.bks, because I beliove that the editor of that paper has not much, if at all, ex- aggerated the feeling against Orangemen on the part of his countrymen. He does not pretend to express the opinions of Protestants, but those of his own race and religion, and i* he has expressed them truly, surely it is bett<^r that we should tnow what they are. He has threatened the employ- ment of physical force, but so have the Montreal Orangemen who have named 20,000 men as the contingent required. The game is one at which two can play, and the lovers of peace should condemn all these appeals, no matter from what party they proceed. I leave the subject now to be considered by those who alone can employ influences in the proper quarter, and I earnestly hope that the citizens of Montreal may not have to suffer the consequences of the Irish penal laws. I am, yours truly, P. HINCKS. 20 THE LONDON *' TIMES'* ON THB MONTREAL RIOTS. An English View. The London Times of the 1 8th July has the fol- lowing article on the 12th of July troubles in Mont* real ;— Modern pathologists have deduced from their ex- perience of epidt-mic diseaees a very curious and morally instructive theory. They assert that pesUU ences are atrgravtited in virulence by transmission from a civilized to an uncivilized race, and that a d'Border which would not precoptibly iuflut^nce the death rate of an English town may decimate a colored commuLity. The fatal outbreak of measles which lately devastated the Fiji Islands will be in the recollection of cur readers, and they may per- ceive an analogy to this in the violence with which the religious and political feuds of the Old World rekindle themselves spontaneously in the New. Canada is a country which has had the advantage of a clear start in politi'^8. The Canadians enjoy all the privileges of self-government, and their in- stitutions do not deviate materially from those of their republican neighbors. Yet it Is in Montreal and other Canadian citi« g that we fiGd '^he fanatic- ism blazing which used to give over Belfast and Londonderry to the furies of civil war. The bigotry of Orangeism and the antagonistic brutalities which it begets are raging among the Canadians, the near neit^hbors of a people who boast that they have never been rent by a religious feud. Nor has the recrudescence of these antiquated papsions re- mained without calamitous results. Blood has been shed, ano' blood will, it is to be feared, breed blood. The history of Sectarian animosities in Ire- land shows that such collisions can only be repres- sed by a severe and impartial administration of the 21 law, and the difficulty of enforcing such repressive metbodH in a community like that of Lower French CaHida is too (B^ident, The disastrous conflict in Montreal bfgan, as Ujual, with the intrusion of Orange emblems and war-crits into the heart of a Roman Catholic popu- lation. The city of Montreal is as keenly devoted to the Church of Rome as Dublin, or Cologne, or Lucerne. It is not only in form, but in fact, the capital of French Canada, the colony which even now preserves much of the spirit and many of the traditions of the Ancien Regims. But in addition to its French-speaking Catholic inhabitants who, whether Clerical Conservatives or semi-Republican Ro'ige.^y equally detest and distrust the fanatical Proiestanlism of the Orange partv, Montreal con- tains a formidable proportion of Irish immigrants. It was to Ibis city that the aggressive Orangemen of the Dominion chose to curry their foolish and fatal challenge a few days ago. On 'I hursday last, the great anniversary festival of Orangeisra, a pro- cession was contemplated, and the Roman Catho- lics were thrown into a state ot violent excitement by what they considered at once to hn a menace and a defiance. So serious was the danger deemed, thtit tbn magistrates and the municipal authorities male the most energetic efforts to induce the Orange party to abandon the procession at any rate ; and when these tfforts were successful, the Orangemen, by a small majority, surrendering their claim to float their banners in the face of the Ro- man Catholic city, the peril was thought to be averted. But though the Orangemen did not at- tempt to march in procession through the town on the 12th of July, they insisted on a demonstration of a less formal kind, " attending service in a body at the Knox Church." Here it«47as that the train of combustibles caught fire. " Turbulent crowds assembled in the streets ;" there was "some riot- ing," and, finally, about fifty shots were exchanged. One Orangeman was killed on the spot and two were wounded. The temper of the Orange Party was naturally irritated by this outrage, which, as they alleged, involved also a breach ot faith on the part of the Mayor of Montreal and authorities, at whose request the projected procession had been given up. On Monday the funeral of the murdered 22 man was annonnoed as the occanion of a great pro> teat and detuoiiKtration. AlthoU(