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IV. i 
 ,100 
 
 TO THE ELECTOBS OF 
 
 Esquimau and Netclioseii 
 
 DISTRICT. 
 
 I^Kr.I.OW COLONISTS: Ilrtviii}? ri-.eivi-.| mi A-Llrc^s. 
 ^ .'ijriio.l by si'vcnil of tin- Kh-i'tor^H in imr l)i".lriil, 
 roipu'stiti}; me iigftiri lo heriunc ji ciiii.liiljiif fur your 
 KiitTrngc-t. I iicclmIlmI iit nnci' tn tin* iiivitntinii, tin<l Iiojil' 
 tfii' sli'ii will lUBCl with vimr approviil. 
 
 Mofnrt' |>rnff(>Jiii^' t<i lay hnt'ore you tlu! coiiric I iii- 
 tPiiil in futiirt! to purine, slioiiltl yon think lit ix^niw to 
 cont'tT tlio lionor of i-lt'cliou upon mt;. I will hrii-'tly 
 give ii clmpter of the past. 
 
 Aft'T inipiiry Ims been nia-lp liy the llon-to of .\.>*si;ni- 
 l)ly into the liiianiial contlition of ihe Colony, it wju 
 It'irni'ii ihut the only (nrhls uiiiler the rontiot of tht- 
 liifti-tlatnn' wfn> liiosij rai.^ud hy la\fs in'^titntfil by 
 ii.H ai'thority, nml that the revt'nu«'.-J ri'CLMVdl from biiiil-;. 
 loynliies, Ai*., witc appro|irintc<l by the propricInr-< of ihr 
 islant! to iltfraying tliu fxpeiisu nf the rivil uulhority. 
 iiiirveyiii^, i Inirch ami .sehoot. as wpti us Ihr making of 
 roa'i-i, creriioii of briilgrss an<l buiMin;;-; — in .--horl. that 
 the llnii;»on Hay Co. bore the whole cxpensi- of tin: 
 l.'olony. 
 
 Hy refcrrinj; to the -iccil of j^rant of ibi- i'latnl to 
 tl;i.' |{. It. Co.. it wiiJ .li^covercii that the islan.i ha.l ln-i-ti 
 piwMi to that IfO'iy, upon con'litioii (bat tbey shonl.l 
 colonize It anil bt'iir Ihi* rivil nml military exprn-es; 
 mill that if at Miy tinii> the Crown wi.shcil to rc-nrne 
 po.sscs.sion of'' UIjuhI it ronbl do >o by rc|iayin^' to 
 til"? rnnipany iilmuuiu'V iheretofore c.xp'en<li*<l, as also 
 the value of their estaitji.-ibinents. Such was ihc aifrcc- 
 lU'lit lielween the two partle.-*. 
 
 Knnwini; then that the II. It. (Nunpjiny were nbli;_'.Ml 
 lo bear all e.\pen:<cri, i( was iletertnined. suppde-* brinj; 
 a-ke.l, not to ;;ranl any -Minlil ibtr entire rrvenm-.-i of 
 Ibf Colony w<'re plaeeil ut the lii-ipttsiil .,|' the Li'-^i-la- 
 ture, and town of \'iftoria ^ep^l^■^^■nlel| ; " by this con- 
 ^litutionnl means it »a> hoped that the conlrol of ihc 
 colonial revenues miKht tm obt*inuiJ— but that hope 
 wiH not reuli/.eil. 
 
 .\s the Ilfoise of Assembly had not power ttvcr the 
 rolonial funijs granted, it wa.s further re.solved, that as 
 ttioy .onld not eouiniand. .-lo •'they would nut reeorn- 
 tiiiMid any uppropriatiou therefrom:/ in order llint the 
 House rnitibt not be a parly to the ronlnirti.ui of :iny 
 del»t : and that if expenses greater than the iti< unie 
 were incurred, to leave the II. It. Co. to ^'t-i ibo .surne 
 repaid to tbriri by the Home (juvernment. attordin;,' to 
 Ihi' ajjreement e.xistintf between them and the ("rowii. 
 
 The resolutions, to^'ether with tin- n-a.-on of their 
 adoption, were .'ent to <M)\ernor Ilouirlas. and by him 
 tran''n)it(ed to the authorities al home, as wi II a< .i .itb- 
 rti-Hnent line reronimeiMling '■ that Cumini.--ii>in-r.- bi> 
 H' nt lo exarniro- into the aeeoutits before relrasiii-^' tin.* 
 Iitid-.on Itiiy Company fromtheir responsihitic^." 
 
 11<T Maje-ty',- Colonial Mini.-tir raunol tlien-b-n- h.nve 
 been iiinorant tt (he dettTininatiini of tin- A-iseinblv. .md 
 could, had he rhoxn. haw taken slejisto eonnli rart ii. 
 
 Ity nniintainini; thi.^ ptdiey to the end of the -ff'-ion. 
 the House of As^en^hl\ tu'Vi-r b.'r:>Mie a piuly lu llii- < '.n- 
 Ira.-tion of any debt, and ilnrifor.' the pcnpl'- :irr not 
 re-pon-ilde tor an\. Tin' H, It. C. then (m <■ tio .1.11111 
 
 n)"in this eolony : ^halrver lialiilitie.i ma\ lia\e I n 
 
 iinurred is a matter lo be arranged ln.'iwt'en the H, It. 
 Co. ami the Home (lOTeriuiU'nl. aeiordini,' to iln: deeil 
 of jfrant. 
 
 Tlif Home (Jovornment. having paid the jii^l elaiuH 
 of the Cou'pany. eannoi itt'terwards fairly, cithi-r bu 
 tiiinhtor riKht.'iMupel the payment by thccipjuny.fortliy 
 Rimple reason that it eiuinol* tax Colnnie.^ |>.><m -.-1^: a 
 Lrgislature ; howe\er. s.i far as my know le.Me ot tbo 
 I'olnnial aeeuunt'. nn>l (be state of aii-unnts bi'ivvcm 
 the Crown anil the 11. II. Co. extend-, the lutt.r <iin 
 have no great elaim against the former; and llie Home 
 (loveriiment, liaviiig hrst examined the at exiint and 
 ngrocd therelr). must, in romunn jn.->ii< i-. pny it, ntid uc 
 sliull hear no mure about it ; b'tt if »c do, the remedy 
 \sill be in our own hands. 
 
 I have entered thus fully into this nibjeet. beeause 
 sliitements hu\e hfrii industriously eirenlaled nf heavy 
 tax»<i beiti;; about lo be thrust upon the Cohmy to pay 
 
 tor certain elaims of iho Hudson's Hay C pany. Tbes'i> 
 
 slatiMneiits, I have shown. ha\e no tonndation in fm t, 
 au'l will turn out to be as untrue us many others of a 
 .-imilar nature, designodlv gut up for a particular pur- 
 
 For the tnea.^nres and princlple.H I have advocated. I 
 tun si reter to the reetirihuf the day; but to pre>erve the 
 l-'iee I'ort sy.-tem hill been my inn>i.int object; thi* 
 ^i^siem. now coii.stnted lobvthe imperinl aiithoritx . has 
 become an iu.'>titution of .,ur t.'uloiiy. ami is the very 
 louriilitliun of its prosperity. 
 
 I have advocated lliti i-xtension of the r'*''procitv 
 tr-iity of the I'nited States to this i.>l,nid, and (niveninr 
 nougbi-' had pn'\iou-l_v entered into a cuiri-pondcnce 
 upon this Mibjcct. but .\ithoui the iji-sin-d re-ult. 
 
 To foster 111., rise and pro^tri*s» of Vidnria. uppearcd 
 to me of ihi" utmost imporlauee. in that ilie existence of 
 a large cmnmei- ial town caild be m.l uthi-i w i>i',ll.iui lI' 
 
 Ihe greatest benefit to the ngrienlturisls. rnfortumilely 
 tlie superiority of |-igM)t)iinall was overlooked l»y mrr- 
 eliaiii^. 
 
 The limited autlnirilv of the Assembly prevented 
 iilleralioiis in the Land System, but iv petition h;\^ been 
 sent home to the pro|iir aniliorities soliciting •■ that 
 power lie granted to institute n land system eoiiimen- 
 s urate with the re.|iiireiM Mts .if tlr- Colony. ' 
 
 I would now oiiserve that the price nf l.md w.is tix-*! 
 at twenty sliilliiii."= per acre by the Home t Jovirninent, 
 for the piirpo>e of maiiitaiiiiiig the civil authority, the 
 formation of roads, kc. The lainl fund lieing tin-" ehief 
 revenue, it tolb.ws that wbil-t on tlie one hand it gave 
 to those haviTiL' tin- eonind thereof almost uiilimiti.-d 
 power, on the i.iherit deprivdl the Assemldy of its teirit- 
 imate author iiy and ni-ans of ellccting many desirable 
 imprnvemeiits nud retorms. 
 
 So much l.ir the pa-t. 
 
 Nevertheless, VanctMiver l-laiid prosper-. 
 
 lu order to inerease this pro-perity, iiiducfinent s 
 must be lield out to immigrants: settlement encntir- 
 tiL'ed : ournalnral resources developed: eomnieree fos. 
 tered : internal comitiun lent ions improved : and the 
 Legisbitnre e\erci.-e its i.mpi r aiilhuiity and I'uiielinii-;. 
 
 I niiL'ht proTiii-e all these lliings. as well as rit'orms 
 in every departnieiil. aii<l improvements everywhere : 
 but I candidly confess, that under the [treseiit system, 
 and wliil-t the culouiaj r<'Veiiues ari' withheld trotn (be 
 jurisdictiiui ot the Leiri-iature. those reforms will lie 
 almost bevond it^ reach. 
 
 The ubiig.ilinns of the Hnd-^ori Itay C.i. lolbls C,,l- 
 nn\ have ceased, but I am not aware that this clniiiire 
 will make any .lilten-iice to the Le;_M<|.iiiii-. . as the im- 
 perial iMixernnient uill now approptiale the land tuiid 
 and a|iply it in the lirst ptai-e to the payment of ihe 
 i-ivit li-t. and to the .support of any in.-liluli<m it may 
 deem ht. 
 
 To extend tin- power of the la-gi-lature is theretore 
 essential ; but this can only be obtained liy stipplyiu'^r 
 funds tor the iiiaintenanre of the civil otlicers It'will 
 theretore be a mo-t im|.ortant <|iiestion b»r the .\-sein- 
 bly to ton-ider.— whether the expenses o| the eivll li-t 
 can. shall or oiiv'tit to be ^ni iranteed or not, an I a re- 
 sponsible government in-iitut^-d. 
 
 Th * tioveriior has already deelnre.l his intention of 
 introducing many reforms iit the land systi'in. and 
 other matters, as well as measures ealeulated to en- 
 conra^fe ihe iiii|iroveineiit of slock, ami promote the 
 prosperity of 1 niers, Cpon the liberality and coin- 
 
 pkleiiess of these measures \ ery inuch depeM'is thi; 
 
 answer to the form-T nue.stion. 
 
 If the Colony, however, is to be selt-supp.uting. the 
 eolonial rt-veune* must necessarily be under the con. 
 tml of the Legislature. 
 
 It may be considered that loo great sire-- i- laid 
 upon the jurisdiction omt ihe revenue from land. t^c.. 
 but it mu-.t be recollected that the e\|.enses of v,uioi|s 
 i|e|iartinrnts are paid then from, iiad whilst an in'l']ien- 
 dent fntid cxi.-.t-. tor ihat pnr;io,-e. : ny ncc-sary 
 retornis in thosv departm-nts eiinnol be compdlci. 
 The siren;:ih ol the Commons exi-ts in granting or 
 withhoblini: •upplies. 
 
 The present land system is ihe root of all evil: not 
 
 only is it ob,iniili\e I ttb- nt. but it '■np|iiie< :i 
 
 fund whicb leTnlers the i:\eeu'i\<- independent. ;iiiil 
 
 thrusts the expense of Coverniiient. whic! l'IiI to be 
 
 contributed la ev. r\ one, upon tlie lew : ii; f.ot. the 
 lainlowiiers hu've hil'hert.i paid nearly all lln'obmial 
 expenditure. If power be granted to the House of .\s. 
 si'inbly tu iiHtiinte anew systpni, I wtuild advocate that 
 land be cheaper, speenlaii.n di.seouraged : distiicis 
 laid open lo .settlement. 01 ■npalioii and improvement, 
 only giving a pn-empiion title to a liberal portion at 
 the lowest rate-i. In the new system should aUo be 
 im-In led provision for leasing tracts of timbered lands 
 at nominal price-, in order to eiico;ira'.:e the ereciion 
 uf >aw-niills. Ac.; but Is up*ni thf coast for ti-bing 
 .siarinii-, an I rocks for nuarries ; reserves tor schools 
 and ho.sj.itah ; the rexeniie ilerived from land ^llollld 
 be applied to delnty the expense of surveying and 
 the making of roads only. It will be seen tlial smh a 
 s_v stem will tlestrny the pre.^eni soiiiee of evil nnd of 
 revenue and the lloasp, <if A-<sembly, i. e. the people, be 
 placed in a more cummamling pn-ilion. 
 
 The nupction iis to how revenue is to be rai.sed. very 
 much ilepends upon the aiiKiuiit and tor wiiat purposes 
 re.|uired ; ln-iiig ignorant of these, and of the future 
 intentions of the Imperial liovernmetit. as al-o the 
 vviht of statistics, i^niler- a full answer impossible. 1 
 would however remark, ibiit if a good land >v-ieiii be 
 instituted, iind the CoInn\ has to bear the expeii-e of 
 tlie civil list. 1 shall be in ftvor of a direct system of 
 t.ixaiion ; but if otherwise. I contend it would b- l>oth 
 un.iu»t and uutfrui^rnus to lax agricultural bind- and 
 improvement- bir the general purposo of govenimetit ; 
 iinyem'!\ni-i, beeause they have hitherto suppli d :ieaily 
 
 all Ihe expenditure in the Colony: iinju't, in tliat tlif 
 money jiaid and still to be paid (instalments) fortheTn. 
 is in iieii of ta.xes. It mu;^t al.-o be borne 01 mind tiiat 
 the revenue derived trom licenses i- applicable to gen- 
 eral government purposes: ane\ten.-ion of this sy-Iem. 
 nnd tlie compulsory employmenl of stmiiiis to render 
 valid rectipts. \c.. would atbml sutlieient supplies ;o 
 meet the demand. I need not -ay how ibnigerons it 
 Would be to enter upon a general ■system of taxation, 
 wtiil-t the Home (iovernmeni can do what it [dea-es 
 with the <illier revenues. 
 
 Kxport duties miisi not exist. 
 
 I'mler present circumstance-, llo-ipitalj for the .sick 
 on;:ht to be supported by vuluntaiy e(»ntribiitions. 
 
 \icioria ran and must in future liear her own ex- 
 penses. 
 
 Thepavmeiil of members for their >ervices I shall 
 resist. 
 
 .\ dominant church cannot Itc m.iint.iined. 
 I shall strenuously oppose any attempt of the Home 
 (lovernment to impose upon 11s any delit- we have no! 
 tt( our own a<-cord eontrarted. 
 
 The improvement of our roads is absolutely ne'-es- 
 
 sary. .\ltl gh the expense of opening main ruads i?. 
 
 acconling to agreement, to be paid for out of il.e land 
 fuml. ihe improvement of roads I eonsider to be iiicum- 
 Inut U|)iiii the hobler ot properly, who shtmbi supply 
 either money, or what is 1 (piivalent. labor, for the pur- 
 po-e. in proportion to the .stake he possesse-. 
 
 The tiliion of di-lriets into eolinties, and the nppoin'- 
 nieiii of unpaid ami resident coinmissiMuers to ii--e-s 
 lis will as direct Ihe nio-t impoitant deviations and 
 pail- t I be improved, would ai<l In <d>taining the de- 
 sired re-nil. tU" coursi-. a more rapid an<l perm.inent 
 improvement could be etfected liy lai.-ing a loan oi' let- 
 \'.\\<j the road- out lo coinpanie-. but to Itie-^e there ii re 
 many objections. Main trunk roads am reipiired to 
 the northern and southern seitlements, and such roads 
 must pa-s through our district. A ferry at the Saaiiii h 
 arm wtoild not be so advant:igeon- or eonveiiient. 
 
 Theinibl Fields of Hriti-li Colninliia will supply us 
 w ith immigrant-. 
 
 itur present edncatiulial sy-tetn is capable <if great 
 improvement; schools must lie either inori.' nnmeroiH 
 ami jirovision made Ibr iMKiiders. or the teio hers inu-i 
 visit dillVrent places on separate days: I think, how- 
 ever, that schoolmistresses Ibr the edneatioii of females 
 are still inori- iieee--ary. 
 
 The inlroduciion of ■•diill" into our boy sclouds. 
 woiib! instil into our ytmlli p:ilriotistn. bravery, and 
 :i maiiial cliaraeter. and prepare them for the Ibrmation 
 of miliila corps bi-realter. Tlie neces-itx of a miliiiA 
 
 must be apparent to all and the ner eomiuenced the 
 
 better. 
 
 With a V lew to elevate (be aliorigines. maititahi 
 peuee and idiecji their depredalioiis. | wuuld biVortiie 
 iiilroductioti of agents into their midst, who nt the 
 same time should be teachers. Siirh a eoiir.se vvouM 
 b" beiietirial. and if oiil\ one war prevented, eeonomi- 
 eal. The II (line Ibiveriimeiit, ought however, to protec* 
 ns from foridg:. ImliaiL-. and -uppl.v funds f.ir thu 
 
 l""l • 
 
 I 1:0 in fitr the independence ot \ aiicouver I land. 
 bebeun;; il In be out interest, advanlageoii- to Hritis], 
 Columbia, and benelicial to our Mother Ctiuuir.v . 
 Nevertheless. I beMeve It Would be of reciprocal advaii- 
 
 tage for Hriii<h Cobimbi t i Imit our prodnrtituis tVe«> 
 
 of duty, and tor the ve-el- of both Colonies tohavi. 
 aci e-is to all rivrr- ami h.irbors tree of expen-e. 
 
 A more e.Xtelided Kxccilive i* now reiplired, but i:i 
 so siiialt a settlement a- this the machinery of l.itgcr 
 eoloiiies is unil'ie-sury. and here must lie proportioue.t 
 to our means. Il .11 therefore be ni> object to sve 
 that an eeoiM.n.y sisteiit with ellieieiiev be u-ed in 
 
 the pebtic evpciidijure. and lliat reform >ball not nica-i 
 thi' I realiot) of otlii es wilb ;;ice salaries, lior -ineciiies 
 bu- Ihe iiMompcienl. 
 
 The prevention of depreila!'. 11- upon stock Woiild. ! 
 
 believe, be e.ou leallv ellechd liy agricnlt iiri-t - iini!- 
 
 ing tor the purpose. Laws are iet|uireil lortheiom- 
 piil-ory lirnmling of eattle. reliHing to e>tra>s. wi.l 
 cattle. leiieing. jiasturage. \c. tin these poitiLs I shall 
 be glad of \ our advice and opinions, iif eoiirse nmny 
 other laws lire neces.sarv. such as tor the naturali/.ali.iri 
 of alien-, the Uegislration ot Meeds. Births. Keaibs 
 and M;irriaj;cs. and regnlatiiiL' .loiiit Stock Companies, 
 ;uii| several other-— loo numerous to mention. 
 
 I niiulil extend tin- ai!dii-s indetinitely. l.iit having 
 touched upon the principnl topics of the present, theru 
 only remain.s to l>e said ih.it it it shot. Id please you l>i 
 Innior me again with yoiir elioice. umiitached to any 
 party. 1 shall, as lieiciotbrt'. act lium>tlv and indepen- 
 
 dfiiilv. and whilst tlie general g 1 of our (tmiitrv 
 
 will be my coiititant itiiu, vour speeial intere>t -hal! not 
 be neuleeied bv 
 
 J. S. IIKLMCKKN.