CIHM ICIMH Microfiche Collection de Series microfiches (IMIonographs) (monographles) Canadian Instituta for Historical IMicroraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas Tech.iical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibiiographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy vvhich may be bibiiographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checiwd belou\f. D Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur □ Covers damaged / Couvartura sndomi D D D n n a n Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaurto et/ou pellicula Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps / Cartes g^raphiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or b\ack) I Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou Illustrations en couleur Bound with other material / Relid avec d'autres documents Only edition available / Seule Mition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure sen^ peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge int^rieure. Blank leaves added during restorattons may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela ^it possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 fllmtes. Additional comments / Commentaires suppl^mentaires: L'Institut a mtorofiim* le meilleur exemplaire qu'll lui a M possible de se procurer. Lee details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-«tre unkjues du point de vue bttrii- ographk)ue, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une nfKxlifk»tion dans la metho- ds nonnale de filmage sont indk^ute < -dessous. I I CokMjred pages/ Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommagtes □ Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaur^es et/ou pellkujMes Pages discotoured, stained or foxed / Pages dteotor^es, tachetdes ou pkjutes I I Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es Showthrough / Transparence [2f r^ Quality of print varies / D D D Quality inhale de i'impresston Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire Pages wholly or paitially obscured by enata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totaiement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont M fiimdes k nouveau de fa^on h obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discotourattons are filmed twk:e to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont filmtes deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. TMa Htm it flliMd M tlw raduetlon ratio dMcfcad balow / C« doeumant Mt fllin4 au taux d* rMuetion indiqu* d^iMsow. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30x J 12s IfX 20x 24x 28x 32x raproduMd ihanlw national Library of Canada to tha s*"****^ **' Tha imasM oppwring hara ara tha ^^^^ ootiiMacoiwMarinfl iha condition ind loflibiUtv !ftlM artginal caw and In kaaping wJtii tha filmlnt aontraat cpacWIcatiooa. Onginal copia. in pnntad papar Wjrjni a». Wmmd S?SIt i«a *.«th a primad or iMu.trat«l .mprac San or STback co^ar vi»han appropnata. Ail iSi arioSal capia. ara fllmad ba«inning on tho SrTpIi! ~«h rprintad or M»-«'-«f;j^S; V, ar iUiMtraiad inipr««»ion. Tha lact racordad frama on aach "»««««.?Jj .haU conwin tha •V««»ol ~ "^^i -" eSo"! TINUED"). or tha •ymbol V (moaning WO h whichawar appiias. Maoa. Platac. cherts. •!€.. may ba filmad at SS^radoction r.tio.. Thoca too larg. to ba •ntiraiy includad in ana ajipocura ara filmed Sflinning in tha uppar laft hand cornjrJ-J « riaht and top to bottom, as many framaa a» riuirad Tha tallo^ino -««'••"• »»-"■*• *»»* mathod: L MMnplair* f Urn* fut rapreduit grica « la BibllothiqM* national* du Canada La* imagat tuivantas ont «ta rapraduitaa avac la plua grand toin. compta tanu da la canditien ai da la nanata da raaamplair* tilmd. at an eanf ormita awaa laa eanditians du aantrai da fUmaga. Lm M«mplairaa ariginauji dent la eouvartura an papiar aat imprimaa aont filmaa i* camman«ant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant aoit par la darnidr* paga qui eamporta una amprainta d'Impraaalon au d'iUuauatian. soit par la sacond plat salon la eaa. Taus laa autras axamplairas originau* aont fUmda an commandant par la pramidra paga qui eamporta una amprainta d'impraasion ou d'iUuatration at an tarminant par la damidra paga qui aompona una talta amprainta. Un daa symbolas auivants apparaitra aur la darnidra Imaga da e»«?»"rr^*.«;«l!f!;;- •.•'•" '• eaa: la aymbola "^ •ignilla "A 8UIVRE . la symbola ▼ atgnitia "FIN". Las eartaa. planehas. tablaauK. ate., pauvant atra filmds a daa uux da rdduetion diff drants. Lorsqua la document aat trap grand pour atra raproduit an un saul clichd. il est filmd d partir da rangia supdriaur gaueha. da gauche d dreita. at da haut an bas. an pranant la nombre d'imegas ndeesaaire. Les diagrammas suiwants Ulustrant la mathoda. ■■OI U TIOM TKT OMIT (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2) M^I^IJ^ /APPLIED IM<3E Ine leS] Eo>t Moid SIrM RochMtar. N*» Yorli 14809 USA (7ie) M2 - 0300 - Phor. (7ia) 2M-9Mg-r« Cfx K-^.^^. / MKwaamM oxbovhk ■«. ir. DOMINION OF CANADA. DEPARTMENT OF AGRIOULTrRK, izpnmiiTAL riuu. •I. H. CmitDALC, B.Agr. Oirtctor. W. T. MAOOUN. Owniniw* Hcrtkulturitt. Diviuow or Momn evuru mw . PROTECnON OF FRUIT TREES FROM MICE AND RABBITS Mm CARE OF INJURED TREEa BY W. T. Mwovti. E»ery yotr thousanda of trees are injured in Canada by mice and in th. »^.. d-tnct^ a 1.^ number by rabbit, alao. There could be noS'i;» dis^u.^^: to • fnnt grower or would-be fruit grower. th«. to .m Li. orcharf which £ bSTr^ for perhaps for fiTe or .ix year.. n,«ed by mice; «,d yrt thi7fCen?^Xi^ All thu couW be prerented if the farmer or fn.it grower would u« thTinfoSoi and^i. fact leads to carelewne... aud when a bad year come, the trees are unpilJ While the depredations from mice and rabbiU in winter vary from one year to ano her depending on the scarcity or abundance of food, the number of mic-e which ^ IJ*""'*^ ^^^ ^^ ''^•"*^ *** *•"* ^••^**'' '^^ '"J-'y '" «l*-y. greatest when th. orchard «m «,d. and when there is rubbish lying about; henceihe latt« should il^°lf »>efo« the winter sets m. In rcost case, it is not necessary nor advisable to have the orchard m wd, particuUrly when the trees are young, although it is hiirhlT important to have a cover crop, which also may sometimes become a harbour for mice^ As mice may be expected in greater or less numbers every winter, young trees should be reeularty protected against their ravages. Mice usually begin working on the ground under the snow, and when they come to a tree they will begin to gnaw it if it w not protected. A small mound of soil from eight to twelve inches in height raised aboutthe base of the tree will often prevent their injuring the tree, and even snow tramped about the tree has been quite effectual, but tlie cheapest and surest practice H to wrap the tree with ordinary building paper, the price of which is merelv nominal Tar paper IS also effectual, but trees have been injured by using it. and it is well to guard against this when building paper will do as well. After the paper is wrapped mm ■ronnd the twe and tiad. a HtUa aarth .Id b« put about tba lower and to iimant the mice from bccinnint to work thew. .. .f they get a aUrt the paper wffl oot atand in their way. It may be atotad, boworer. that although aoreral thouaand young treea have b(«n wrapped with building paper for yeara at the Experimental Farm at OtUwa, there hare been practically no inaUncea where the mice hare gnawed through the paper to get at the tree. The uae o£ a wire projector, or one made of tin or galvanited iron, i« economical in the end, at they are durable. There are a number of waahea and poisons recommended for the protection of fruit treea and the deatruction of the mice and rabbiU, but none of theae it very aatiafactory, aa if the mice or rabbita are numeroua the poison baa not aufficient effect upon them to prevent injury altogether. The following method of poisoning haa been found fairly auccessful for mice, but rabbita are very difficult to deal with. Make a mixture of one part by weight of arsenic with three parta of com meal. Nail two pieces of board each aix feet long and aix inches wide together so a^ to make a trough. Invert thia near the trees to be protected and place about a tablespoonful of the poison on a ahinglo and put it near the middle of the run, renewing the poison aa often as is neceaaary. TBEATMENT OF INJURED TREES. If a tree ia badly girdled by mice or rabbita it usually diea. If, aa aooa aa the wound ia noticed, it ia cleaned and covered with grafting wax or aome paste, such aa aulpfaur, cowdung and clay, and wrapped with cloth to exclude air and prevent the wood from drying out, there ia a poaaibility of aaviug the tree if the girdle ia a amall one, aa the aap which riaea through the wood will continue to do ao, and returning through the inner baA in an elaborated condition will canae growth to be made all around the upper part of the wound, and if the latter be not too large there is a chance of ita healing over. If, however, the wood becomea dry before the bandage is put on, the tree will ahnoat certainly die, although it may continue to grow throughout the aeaaon. When the wax and bandage are applied the tree ahould be headed back con- tiderably to leaaen the amount of transpiration of moisture, as there will not be aa much aap riae aa if the tree were uninjured, and the wood will thus dry out aooner than if it were headed back. If the girdle i« near the ground, in addition to covering the injured part with wax or cowdung and clay, it ia adviaable to mound up the aoil about the tree to cover the wound and thua help to prevent the wood from drying out. Girdled treea are frequently auved, and more surely saved than by the above method, by connecting the upper and lower edges of the girdle with scions, which are inserted about an inch M>art all around the trunk. Thia ia known aa bridge grafting. The more scions that are used the quicker they will grow together and form a new trunk, but two or three scions successfully grafted on a small tree will carry enough sap to keep the tree alive. A slanting cut is made at each end of the wound in the uninjured wood in which the ends of the scions are to be inserted. Strong, plump acions of the previous. season's growth— not necessarily from the same tree, nor even the same variety — cut a little longer than the diatance between the slanting cuts, are made wedge-shaped at each end. They are made a little longer than the distance be- tween the cuts in order that when inserting the ends into the cuts it will be necessary to bend them, and thus have them under pressure, which helps to keep them in posi- tion. After inserting, aome of the inside bark of the stock should remain in contact with the inside bark of the scion, aa it is here or at the cambium layer where union takes place. Aa aoon aa the aciona are all placed the wound, especially about the ends of the scion where inaerted in the stock, ia covered with grafting wax. The ends are also at the same time bandaged with a piece of sacking around the trunk to aid in 923147 Imping Um aeioDt in place and to exclude the air. The tree thould theu be well beaM back. TIm Miona, if properljr made and inierted, should nfion unite with tba •tocii and than earry tlie tap to the top of the tree. Another method of briJtring it to cut back the uninjured bark eveuljr all round the trunk and iniert the wcdge-tbaped Mion* underneath the bark at tbe upper and lower enda of the wound. There are other method* alao employed, auch as uiinf a ■cion bevelled at <'ach end. Alao, boring hole* with an auger at each end in the unin- jured bark and sbapiiig the fcion it each end so that it will fit into it. One of the most »otisfii<-tory methods of uiilijsing the girdloil tree is to cut it off close to tbe ground and inaert a scion of some good variety. This graft should grow at least tbrre feet in height the first season and make a nice young tree. A tree may sometimes bo saved when the girdling ia well above tlie graft by cut- ting the tree back so as to remove all of the injured part. Under such condition* young trees will usuolly start fresh growth and the strongest shoot may be selected to form a new trunk and top for the tree. Iaf«*«atlMi la aegaxl te tke ewltwee aad v«Hetl«a ef IValta, TegatoUea, OnHiMMstel Taaaa, ttewka mm* ■•rb*eeMU FUata will k« fiumlaked. aa far m» aaMtlaskU, me at ebanta, ky tke D — i lnl ew HMrtlewltMlat, OeatMd Bsyert* ■t«»t*l Vavait Ottawa, Oat. Ma yaatage la N«al»eA. Published by authority of Hen. MARTIN ■URIIELL, Minister of Agrleulture, Ottawa, Ont.