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MKIOCOW HBOIUTION TBT CNART 
 
 (ANSI oml ISO TEST CHART No 2) 
 
 A -APPLIED IIVHGE 
 
 '653 East Ua>r> Sfreet 
 
 KocHestef, New Vork U609 U-U 
 
 ("6} *82 - 0300 - Phone 
 
 (''6) 288-5989 - Fo« 
 
DOMnaoir or oavada 
 
 DEPABTKEHT OF AOBICUITTJBE 
 
 DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 
 
 J. H. OmiSDALB. ■. Art^ Dtrseter. 
 
 HARDY ROSES 
 
 THEIR CULTURE IN CANADA 
 
 BT 
 
 W. T. MACOUN 
 
 Dominion Horticulturist. 
 
 PA.MPHLET No. 
 
 i 
 
 Publiahad by diraetion oF Hon. MARTIN BURRELL, Miniiter of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont. 
 30722—1 
 
IIAItDY ROSE Cl'l/riRi; IN CANADA 
 
 \V. T. MAfOITX. I><iinliii<>M llui-u<<illiiilxl. 
 
 Tlion,' arc tVsv imt-uhh in (^iii;ii|ii wlh. I.,vi' IIi.wi-in Inil wlio rlrin- to Rrow rriMui, 
 
 lull uulorluiiati'l.v tli.i.. ur.' > |aiiitUi!,v f.w wlic urt Ir.vi.n,! llic il.-ir.'. nr if llii-.v 
 
 pliiiit sciiiic l,ii>liiw tlifir c.xiriTliiMiit in nftcu u I'ailurr. Tlio nwi- liiii tlii- miii.c nf 
 lieiiivf u illlliruli tiducr to jrid,,, utiil tliis is true as ccmiimic I witii inaii.v otlii-r nriiu- 
 nioiital siiiiilis or lu'il'ii'i.'diis pl.uits. 'I'Iiiti- are ."tdiin- rosrs. liowcvcr. tiiat an- very 
 oasy tu uriiu- ami tlmo. \\h„ m-,. not iircjiarod in Kivi- liic liyl)rii| piTp •liial, li.vliriil 
 tea. afiil tea m-i- tlm atti iitiiiii lli.'ir liraiity merits will timl in tlm Hiiirosa liyi-iiils, 
 tho All-Irian luiars. rrovciicc or CaliliaKi'. and Damask roses u very Rend assortment 
 which are hnrijy and of easy eiiltnre, rei|nirin(; little pruning' and not lieinif tronl.liMl 
 nnieh « ilh insects or fiiiipoiiH eiiemieii. 
 
 Till' r s( - isnally euitivuted in Canada may be divideil into four uroujri .so far 
 as harlincss i« concerned. 
 
 llaiiliisl (iiuiip.-'Mona nipisa and hyhrida, Austrian Briars, Provence or Cub- 
 bage roses, Daiiiask roses and Moss rnsos. 
 
 l{<ises of t!ie second ile^'ri e of hardiness. — Il.ybrid Perpetiinis or Hybrid Remon- 
 tant, Cliniliiti^' roses of the Mnltltlora tfroiiii, and Dwarf Tolyantha roses. 
 
 Hoses of tla' third decree of hardiness. — Hybrid Tea roses. 
 
 lioses of the fonrtli deirree of liardinefls.- -Tea nises. 
 
 '; ho hardine-s of the inijividnal varieties varies considerably within the (rroiipg. 
 
 Ii'-cs o!' the fir^t jri'mip ncil liitle ur no protiction in Boino parts of Canada. The 
 r'" ■ •" -t U' proteclcHl e.\ci|it in very favoured localities. 
 
 >'o//.- The ro-c rci|uires jin abmidanee of gunliKht for best results and 
 liih- a site sho\:ld l.c chosen wliere the plants wilt he in sunsliifie most of 
 tlii.-- is nnt i>raclicalilc the nc.tt liest site is one where the lied will get the 
 i. -an but will not be in such a jiosition that the heat of the midday or after- 
 
 noon sun will be rellecte<l from some wall or building, for in this burning; heat both 
 floweri* and plant* will suffer. South or southeastern exposures arc desirable. As 
 ro-es iii-ed an abundanee of inoistuie the lied or garden should not be within reacdi of 
 the roots of trees which would exhaust the soil of much moisture and plant food as 
 well. (In the prairies it is (bsirablo to have the bod where it will not be nnieh exposed 
 to winds and also where the snow will lie well, if possible. Tins applies, however, to 
 other parts of Canada as well. .Tnst in proportion tn the hardiness of roses from the 
 5tandi>oint of winter so is the relative care in the selection of soil for the ro.se planta- 
 tion necessary. Tloses of the hardiest irronp will do well on a great variety of soils; 
 roses of the other groups are more fastidious, for while the h.vbrid perpetual.s succeed 
 li'st in a iv)ol but well-dTaiiH'd clay loam, the tt>a rose.s should have a warmer soil 
 a sandy Ifwim beini; pieferalde. However, whore it is possible to do so, an intor- 
 nic'diate t.vpi' of soil may 1 o chosen which will suit all the groui>s. In Englanfl, roses 
 suc'ceed iinii'h better than in most parts of Canada, the moister air and cooler soil 
 suiting them better than the <lry air and hot soil which they arc liable to endure in 
 many i>arfs of Caiiala. \ soil, then, should he chosen which is naturally cool, and 
 cool soils are usually those with coniiidcrabic humus and having a good capacity for 
 
 It 
 
holding molstura. Clajr loami ar* utually naturally t'u\wt than laixly Inam* and ai 
 tba roM roqulrct a lilM^rat anmui.t of |ilniit fmul Ihn htuviar »oiU liave an aiivantava 
 in thii rrvpeft aim. Shallow tnila shoiiUl r.ot \w rhmcti for roa** a'< thp»«« are liabte 
 to Woma vary dry an<l warm in dniuRht, nrnkinir condition* unfuvoiirulila. 
 
 Soili whore watur Iim within thr««i« fnt of the lurface ihould not he rhoien, a< 
 ■uoh loili are cold and ro«i.» will not Moorn well in them. Often tmt't in auch toili 
 will make itronic growth and will not liloom, putfl'ing the irower. The aoil ihould 
 ba cool, but well-drained, deep tind rich, uiid if it in not Uiiii nnturully ,. >• there ia no 
 choice of aitea it ihould he mado ,\* ncorly like this aa po*<ihle. Kvcn titiU nf good 
 quality naturally nlnmld \w wdl curich««l witli wil|-ri.tti>.l Impii.vanl manun- Iw-fore 
 the roiea are plantcil, working it well down and through the aoil. In order to make 
 a good bed for row-* where the noil is not nnturully deep nnil where there i* poor 
 drainage, flr«t remove the goo<l soil irorn the mirfuce, then remove the lower ^oil ao 
 that about two feet in depth of soil |+ removeil altogether. Tli.n if the soil needs 
 drainage, lay thnH>-inch tilo on the Ixiltom with sutticient fall to ejirry th«« oundtM 
 water away haviuK, of course, wmo outlet for it. If this tile draining is not practi- 
 cable some griivcl or small stoiicw below the two feet of soil "ill help to drain it. Put 
 good Burfacc soil from somewhere eli-e, preferably with som«- .lay in it, on the l)ottom. 
 apread a heavy coat of rotted manure on it and <\\a it in. Then put back the surface 
 toil which has been removed from the bed, or beftir soil if it U poor, anil again dig 
 manure into this. This *hoiil>l make a goo<l bed for rose*. The soil should be allowed 
 to settle for a month before tlv ron s ure pl.utted. for lK»t retiult*. The kind of [m- 
 paration of the soil outline iIdvc, while eu'^urinir good rcKidts, is not necessary and 
 no person should be deti rred from tfrowiiur poses Inx-uusc of the careful preparation 
 recommended. "Rosm may W plnnfrd in almost any good loamy soil with fair results, 
 provided the soil is neither very wet nor very dry. 
 
 Plants and Planting.— Strove, two-yeur-oll budded planU as the U-st Uj plant 
 Yearling planta, while cheaper, di. not niiku much show the tirst year and one ia 
 liable to be discouraged iicfore the next sihsoii comes round. Some rosea do very 
 well on their own roota, while others are not very vigorous. On the whole, budded 
 plants arc the best. The autumn is the best time to plant roses, preferably just 
 before winU'r seta in. Sometimes, hiwevcr, roses though orderwl for autumn delivery 
 do not reach one in time, in which case n good pinn is to heel them in in unfro«.>n 
 soil by digging away the fr(pzon soil and burying the roots nnd a large iiroiMirtion of 
 the stems. The novice in rose culture is, however, more likely to obtain hi. »e» 
 in the spring ond it is for this reason that ao many failures occur. By the time vhe 
 planU reach their <K«.tiiiation they have often l>eRun to wither and when planted in 
 this condition are almost sure to die. Conditions are made much worse when the 
 planta come in May when the wcatlu-r may be hot and the windx and soil dry. Tea 
 rosea should be planted about fifteen inches apart; hybrid teas about eighteen inches; 
 hybrid perpetuals alwut thnc feet, and the Rugoaa hybrids, moss toses an-' other 
 hardy sorts about four feet. If the roses arc planted in the autumn they should not 
 be pruned back at that time, but left until spring. If, however, they are planted in 
 the spring it is necessary to prune back severely when planted. The bushes should 
 bo planted deep enough go that the point of union between stock and scion is from 
 two or three inches below the surface of the ground. This is important as if the 
 union ia at or near the surfate, the sun sinning' on it hardens the wood and pre- 
 vents a free circulation of sap, which is not desirable, as for best result* a stiong, 
 vigorous growth is ncce-sary. When planting, the soil should ho well tramped obout 
 the bush to bring the particles into clos«' contact with the roots and ensure their 
 getting noisture as soon as pnssible. Koses have comparatively few roots and none 
 of these should be i)rnncd ofF when plajiting. unless there should hap|)en to be a very 
 long root preventing proper planting, when its length may be reduced or if there 
 are broken roots they should bo removed. The roots should not be exposed to drying 
 
wiii.l. wlmii iJiititliitf liny Itiiwr than ii •li».)liitfl.v mn—iiry. A v.r.v k<hhI |iliui. 
 iiii'l nil, »u. .hoiil.l -triMuly ikIvIm fullowinu, i> t.. )li|i ilu. mut* in u |m.l.|l.. iiiinl.- 
 
 •if .'liiv mill wiil.T. Tlii« I'M \\\g i.f cUy uii ilk- r<-><l i ..nly |iMt,^'t, thi> fxiU 
 
 «lhii till' I'I|.|h'» lite lujhtf |il.iiitc(J, Kul wi> ImJIi'vi- ■■ii-im-. n iiuiikiT ll.r, nf niiiiitiip' 
 r . ill.' n..l,. ill tlix .oil. It tlio -tfliH liMik wilhiml wlim thi> :ir« n-.U,.!, tlio 
 |.liih'. -Iioiiil Ih. Iiiirii'il f'T uIniiK tw.i .luy» in w.t ...i| .„ ilur th.' ,|.-iii. r.my ink' 
 up wii-.i'p fri.m till' ...il. riii.« will oftoii >it\< |iliiiit. hIu.'Ii h<.iiI.| M||,..miM' tliV. In 
 mhliti.-ii I.I tlii- it U ik'-inilili' if the w-uiIkt i* vtry .Iry iil |>l,iMiiiiu tiiiif. I.i li.-aii 
 llw .'il lip iir.iiiii.l ilif .i.MK until tli.r.' ii riiiii. Wlitu ili.' |,!i,iii« tin- «i't in t; -• 
 iitiiiiiii til.' -oil -liiiiilil U< lii'iiiH'il up iir.iiii.l ill.' .ii'iiM t.i |iri>tr.'t tli. in. In il .• 
 -priiii: ilii' i. Pi'tii..\«'.| iiii.l f • i.!.inf4 -cv.Ti'ly h.^i.li'.l lui.-k. On., .'i.nil.l imt hi"<itiit • 
 
 to r.'ilii.'p th.' sti'iiiH to tliiit th will If only fr thrti' to nix hii.U hft on piu'h <>( 
 
 th.' -Il III- iil.MU- tho gnuiiiil. Till. .. v.Ti' priiiiiiiK i.. 4'V. n niiir.' inip-riiini in || u ■ 
 
 I.f ^.|TiM» ..t iiluiili, un.l is i.fiiii tl.u mt'uiM of nuviuK tho plant* wliii'h woul.l ..ihi'i- 
 wi*' .lit". 
 
 r,.!Hi'afion and \Valen„g.—,\* ha. l,,.on .tuto.l Uf..r.'. fo«., mvl un iiliumlan.'' 
 of nii.i tur.'. Uy krcpin^f tin- snrf.i. •• soil Iii.,hi' fr„ni '.priiiK until luitunin niu.'h 
 inoi-'tiir.' whi.'h wmild othiT-vi... pii.^ ..tf int., tho nir will l..« hihi in tho s,,il. Afl.'r 
 t'Uih ruin th.' surfiKv shoiiM !<» Ii.niI uml r:iKc.l, ..r .lurinif n ilrj' tiini'. if it hiw Ix-cn 
 lUxK-ciiirv to wutiT till" ro-f. tlin Miil >hi>uM U' Lio-k n.-.l uft.r wutfriuu. It U hctti-r 
 to Wiitoi ro-'.'s tlinn.uithly, ...•fu^ionullj, than to (jive thnn ii liuht wnt. riiijr fri'ipi tilly. 
 It i* not. Ii..««-vir. Km. ..ft. II t.> »yrinK.' .>r -pruy the foliuu.. with wal.T .v.Ty .hiy u» 
 this is oni' ..f iIk. hct prcv.'u fives of in«i'<'ts. The syriiitfiiiij i., h,.«i'v.r, for lh.« 
 piir|K..i> of I'li'iiMiinK tlw foliivgi' not for u.hliiur iiioisturi' to tlui ...il. Tin-, .pruyiinf 
 »li»iilil l«' .lone ill til.' <'v.'nin({ or .urly in tho inornintj un if tho f.>liii({f it wft in th.) 
 iniilillc of n III. I, dry .liiy it iit liul.ic to kcuIJ. 
 
 Afani(ri;i.;.— SoiU nhould 1)« krpt ri-h and well luppHorl with huniii* hy the annual 
 npiili.'ation of w.ll-n.ttcd hurnyanl inuuure in hirjre quawtitie*. This may Ut applh-U 
 on tlif surfu.v .f th.' ground in tlie autumn and dug in in the spring or applie.l iji 
 the spring. 
 
 Pruning.— Thti i.runiiiK of rosos will vary aocordinjr to tho kind and even th.- 
 Tari«ty of tk-^p which is to ho pnincl. Hosis of the hardiest group nonrly all hlooin 
 on wood of the iiri'vious ^'uson's Krowtli or woo.l nevcral years old, ami a* tlu'se rtt^e^ 
 are t?rown mainly for tho iiia.ss iffeit of thi'ir flowors rather than tho oxcollonw of 
 tho individual i 'r. thoy »h..uld Iw pruno<l so us to pro.lut-e this niunn itTift. 
 If, then, they .runcil l.a.'k to near llw Kround there will be few ro?<>s. If th.' 
 
 branches on.l stcuH are left tlwir full length or merely headed hock a little to nick.' 
 the bush syiiini.'friral there will he a fine mass of rose*. In addition to this it i, 
 necessary to remove some of the old.'sl wood each .vear, cuttiii)^ tlk- hranchcs out it 
 the grounil. thus niakinn room and h'tting in lijjht so that the younger stems \. ill 
 develop well. As the stems one anil two years old are tho-e wliicli jrive the U-st 
 flowers there should be a hiru;e proportion of the-e. Dead branclMs shoulil. of eours,., 
 be removed. 
 
 Host of the ruses in the sei'otid group must be pruned differently, although the 
 climbing rosos may he treated somewhat as has l-nen reconimeiuled for the fir-t group 
 witli thia OTocpti. 11 that, where it is ile.sire«l to cover a wail with a large rose Im^ih] 
 the old canes niu^i he loft to a ureuter age .so as to provide for lateral branches. TIm- 
 Hybrid Porix'tual ro-c ,'!ve best r.'siiits .o far as .piiility of bloom is eoiiciriicd 
 under hard pruning'. To obtain the ti'iiest (lowers one mii.t relentlessly cut i.ack tin- 
 bushes each sprin:^ to within six I ' twelv. inches of the ground. If. howi»vor. a man 
 effect is desired t! '■ bushes nuiy le left taller, and wlwre tho conditions of si.il are 
 exceptionally go.. I. bushos which Imvo not been pruned back severelv will give a 
 !an;o number of line blofinij. Kxperience will soon teach what is tlk; best, mith'j.l 
 
 is 
 
 30722—3 
 
 I 
 if 
 
of pruiiinir (or tmrtiruUr pontiitiont or ilMirv*. TIm •Irnnger varii-liv* do nolroqulru 
 •■ » vi'm iiriiriitiK •• Ui« l.«« *i«orout, anil ■••iiM'timo* v«ry tvv, hUx mt ara ollainad 
 when • viry viiciirout variety is cut Iwvk U> nour llw* Krouml ■■ *m vary itruiig 
 urxwih which fulluwt it wilbuul bloum. It i* hotter t<> |iriiii<> curly in tb« iiiring 
 nither t>Mii in th«i autumn ai on* iM-vrr kn<>wa h»w u plant will vonn thrinialt llt« 
 wintir. In pruninff, tho ilronirpit, boaJthiovt >li>nii an* It'ft anil tho wpak niif* cut 
 ••IT lit tik- Kroiuul. In pruninK, leaf* an uut'ide rattu'r than an ih>i<li> buil an thi> top 
 huil, (o that tho i>>oot from thli bud will (row outwanl rather than tbrouvh thi> 
 plant. 
 
 Ilyhrid Ti-a ro-ra aro pruiml muoh like hybrid pt>rt>t<tuaU iIkiukIi iiitually n»t *•> 
 MVtril.v. Ten r"^.iH., which luiially kill to near th«« irrmind in t'lria^lii, if fhcy live 
 throiiirh lhi> winter at nil, nhnuld have tho dead ami injurinl wood removi'l. nml if 
 the u<Mxl ilxHild n^*t lx< injiinil the branches ihould \<v pruned lack nlioiit onctliinl. 
 It i* exlremrly imrortiirit to n-movn aucki'M or roots Nprinrfiiiir from the -toik on 
 which the riw i« biidileil. The«e nhnuld be removiil m noon «* noticed nn^l cnreful 
 watch kept for ihetn. They nhoubl U- cut off olo»o t^> tho atoek nnit not nt or iibove 
 till- Knriiiiil. It Miny be iiei;i««iiry to take away ii little • il to d tlii«. There in no 
 nliable way of tellina tb.' -toek, but exporienee will in«'rM»o the knowledife in tbii 
 nii|K-<-t. but viirilnn'-e i» n«ii'.'»ary or l .■ utoek will .-(••■•ert it*elf and Mo.,ti the mmi 
 one ihinkx he i* Bn^wiiitf will not be lb. re. The leaveH of the «I.Mk are often of a 
 paler (trecn colour than the naineil v;irietie« and n^it »o gliKny. Honieiiiiiei the 
 bavi'^t of the -toik hnve n piirpliih tiiiire. I'»iially the »tooka have a larger number 
 of leaHet* on the leave* than the nniniHl varieties. 
 
 Winltr rrolertion.—llmvn of tho tint group noe<l littlo or no profii-tion in 
 many purti« of C'anaila. In the Prairie provincon, where the eountry i* ti|Kii, it in 
 de^iirable to U'nd nonie ••!' them down and cover them with -oil iiihl, where eviTKrecn 
 boiiglm can U- olitaimil. to put norae of tlw* over tlani a* wi-ll. A little *oil takeir 
 from one oiile of ik- liu-h will enable ono to lay the bu«li llat ilown w> that the whoKtof 
 it may l>u cuvenil. Sbuuld the ground frvozv and »now (M\ •»> timt tlw l>UKb cannot 
 be coveri'^l, a |«<>o<l pan in to lie lite braiiehcii together ami tbiii Ii • over the bran^lien 
 Homi! everjrreen IioiikIi^, I'anva^, titraw or any material whii'h will protect the bush 
 f^^ifli fr'iMi win^l iitel wiin. The material should be of such a nature that it will 
 protect the iilant but at the oamo time not hold inoi»ture for any b'lurth of time, a* if 
 the canes nT>- nioixt for a eon-iderablc time they may mould. For hybrid iicrpptiial, 
 hybrid tea. and tea roicM more protection i* neecusary. One of the j^impleit mellu>df> 
 of protectiiiK b'^th hybrid perpetual and hybrid tea ronea in to earth llicm up «ix or 
 ♦■ight inehe- or more in the 'lutumn, thus protecting the lower part of tho stems, 
 and if tlie top^* are killed back the lower part of tho stem is almost sure to n-muin 
 alive. In addition to this the plant may be bent down and held dow.i with soil or 
 where biwhes are not usually pruned back severely they may be entirely eovereil 
 with soil to prt'Kjrvo them. Wlwro this treatment i« not sufficient, a light eovorinir of 
 straw or evergnnn bough- over the soil is desirable, which will prevent sudden thaw- 
 ing and freezing and moy save the plants sometimes. If the soil is frozen deep 
 before one thinks of covering, the bush may 1)6 bent down ond held down with 
 boards and coveroil with evergreer. boi -ha, or even without these the snow mny be 
 -ufticient proteition. In the sprin mU should he levelled and the bushes raised 
 
 n-i soon as iwssible to prevent iJio development of disease, flood results arc obtoined 
 where the preceding method fails by bending the bushes down and covering them 
 with a box, and still further protection is afforded by b<'nding down, putting a Iwx 
 wifjiout cover or liottom over, then filling thla with dry leavea and putting a cover on 
 the box, -.bieh should be tight. If tho leaves are wet when put in or if they become 
 wet in the spring the stems may mould. When boxes are used the cover should be 
 raised at the first opportunity in the spring to allow a freer cinmlation of air and 
 permit the stems to dry and the bark harden a littlo before removing the box 
 ultojfcther. 
 
riiiiiMiiir rotit m».v be tukni •l»vtn, tin' bmiKlif. liixl iinitlur mil lui in u Lim, 
 Harrow ln.» iiml tn-iiti^l u* tin-vrWtnl if it if fuuri.l ii.h. ..nr>, T. n mmw hh- ihr iiii.nt 
 itri.kr ami th v •tiotiM Iw oarthctl up M tlf^crilx-d for l»liri>l |\«'r|>. tii.i's nn I h,>l.ri.| 
 I. iw, Niiit ii> MiLlition. for tmt rwulu. oovi-rwl with m Ih>!i tilli-.! witii .lr\ li-tivt» ,,» 
 .l...'pil.«-.| Th,. ,\,itftv lit fifUviinn will <l<>|iini| i, .Imt ittri ..f f'i<ii.i.l.i ih. ur«^u-r 
 livf in, bul at Ifimi on* of iIm m«ilio<ii droribiil >:i»ii|i| !,<• •iiitHUf for iim.i ■••hkM- 
 
 /ii»rrN ani/ fun00UJi Kntmin anil How Ip Trmt thn„. („„^\ (.Mug, i< , .., i,il„| 
 to llu> iiriHliictloti i>f iT'mhI niiK«. «n<l, monvtvpr, (fMhi lolimr.. j. .|c»irull.' in n f..«> 
 
 itHnhn liifi „f ii« M|i|«.arun<'<>. U-nvrn li««ily iutU<\. mi .1 «id. .p..it..| ,,r .utrn 
 
 t»k.' Hwnv viT.v iiiiK'h fr.ini ihi ntfrnrtivp iipix-Hrnm .f n r...- ifiinUn. T! >• ri-Ir.f 
 iii'iit Id cninil t* thf Riiac SIii». « iir«>('n <'«««>ri"illiit wlii.h iloc n<>t ii.mitlv nppi'ur 
 ill irriiit iiiinil.r. Imt wlii.-li w..rl<« i*ii tiif iiiwlffi.li' i.f lli.' I.nv.-^ iimlriiln ..iil 
 pii'.'i- Til.-.' itia.N U- pii'lsfil off l.v iianil wlwn- liii«li.« iw fiw. Imt I'nri. tin-, ii 
 or lnllilniri' i.r.i.v.il on tlir )>u))i •» tlmt it will mu'li ilif iin.l.r.i.l.- of I'l.. !. ivm 
 Mp.Mi„!|.v will i|tiirkl.v kill them. If pMri« irrivn i- iim,| it .li,,iiM I,,, u., ,| w,,ik 
 Ko ax not i,< hiirn tlu« foliiiBi\ or nln-iit in the proportion of 1 oun.o to 1;.' ifiillon- of 
 wiitcr. IIi'llol.oH- i« \mf\ in tin* proportion of 1 oiinrc fn 2 irnllniK of \viit«r, 
 
 Thi- Aplii« or ifffoii tl.v i" »oini'tiiiif. ipiito Ir'MiM.. .m., aii.l th. iliii*. jihiII. 
 Iioppin^f iii.o.'N whi.-h ciiiix' th' Icavi* to .•iirl. often ,1., niiicli l>.iini nol. -. • oiiir..ll. .{. 
 TlMn- arc H'v.'rnl (foofl rtino>'' t for thi»i', unil, o» pri'Vinlion ix U It.r tlniii .iiro. ,i 
 rt'tnMJ.v »li(iiiM lit- iiiiplitil lirfor.- tho iii«iTt« linv.. in<'rPH«'il in nuiiil't.. A« -tiit.-.l 
 livforc, tlioroiiith 'iifH.vinjr with vv«tPr i« n iroo.l pn vnitivp. Fir-i. nii'^tini- in tlu< 
 Ifoiortioii I.f otix toMixMinful t<i one Kall.n of wiUrr or ii ilix'.Ntion ni.nl.' of .|iiii-«ia 
 rlii|M an.l soli .oap or whak' oil loap niado l.y U.ilintr four oiini » ot i|na-..ia <'lii|>4 
 for ti'n iniMuti - in n irallon of soft wator, tlwii strain nn.l wliil.. tho licpiid i, Mtill 
 warm .li-M.lvo four ouncM of •off nonp or wliulr oil »oiii> in it an.l ln'for.. n-injr luM 
 oni. trail nn of walrr. It may ln> n<K-n<nry to cyriniro with water nft«r th.' th«<h.|* am 
 killo I to I'N'iin the phintn. 
 
 Whale oil «oap in thi' jiroportion of 1 Ih. to fl trulloMi of wott-r i* a i:..' d in-o.ti- 
 «'iil. to use for aphi-. or thriiis and kcroforie fmuli.ii.ri i* a rplial.lc nini.l.v. hut if 
 iinproporly niad<. tho folia|ri> niny he injured. 
 
 Tho >amp rrnitHlios may lit- u»i'd for Rod Spiik.r.*, tiny inner* 
 whii'h is iiMli.'Otod hy a yellowing of thi> loaves. 1 Iiesc inserts wo 
 ef the loiiven aiwl nnU'sn tlic «,V(«i){ht in |?o(kI rannot be (lef-eto«l 
 ThorouKh and freiiuent syrinirinB of tht- uiidprxidc of tSr leave 
 will help to kpop tho'^o inncots under control, and rtow. r* .f sulphur niixi .1 with 
 kor.)-on.' emuKioii or whalo oil soap will mnko these ins Sridps more eflfrctive. 
 
 Whore tho Powdery Mildew i« tronbletome it raay ' Pont ollnl by s|iriiikliii(r 
 the liu.-hes every ten or twelve day» with In .ir» of giil, i.i:.- until the di-.-a«e di»- 
 a|ippiir:<. The Ia'u{ Uloteh or Blatk Spot < i other diseu<.e whieh sometimes <liH- 
 fiifiires the leaves very muph and weaken* the plant. Bordeaux mixture an. I .\mmon- 
 iiual Copper C'arhonnte Solution will control this, but if the former i« u-el it 
 •.hoiild lie U8e<l several wpek'i before the hloominff season or aftpr it, so tlmt the 
 foliairo will not be (li>fi(fur(>d by the sprayinfr material when the rosts are in hl.ioin. 
 When the disease is in a plantation, cvpr>- effort should b« made by thorouuh opray- 
 in(f to control and destroy it as soon as pogitible. 
 
 the (ire-enee of 
 n !ie nniler«ide 
 
 the nilUr.l e.' ). 
 til water alone 
 
 Best Varieties or Roses. 
 
 MI8lT.I.I..*XKOIS MARIIIEST VARIETIES. 
 
 Riiriosa niihridt.—MM. (leorftps Bruant (white, double), Blanc Double de Cou- 
 lerf (^whiu-. double), Conrad F. Meyer (clear, rilvery re •, double), Madame Charles 
 
WiirUi (roHy-carmiiie, si-ini-doiihlc), A/aw^ Emily runnuu (crimaon-reid, Mtni-dou- 
 blf), Mary Ariiott (curriiino-rfil, 8i'nii-doiil)lt>). 
 
 Austrian Briar.— I'crginn Yellow (yellow, double). 
 
 Damask. — ^iliidame llurdy (white, double). 
 
 Hybrid Peipelual — Muduiiw Pluiiticr (white, double). 
 
 J/o.M.— Old English Pink, Crested, and Blanche Moreau. 
 
 Hybrid I'erpelual— Hardiest and Best Ten. — Frau Karl Dru^chkl, Magna Charta, 
 Ocnonvl Jarqueniinot, Mrs. John haing, Ulrich Hrumier, Buronne de Bonstottoo, 
 Mrs. 11. (}, Shurman-Crawford, Madanio Plantier, Madame Joly, John Hopper, 
 Prinex? Camillo de Kohan, and Pierre Notting. (For description, see otlier list*.) 
 
 liest Ten: — 
 
 b'Tiwx Kiirl Dnischki (the best white rose). 
 
 nirii'ii HniiintT (eherry-crim.son ; of good form; very fninrant), 
 
 (icncrai JaiMiueniinot (crimson-scarlet; a popular rose; fruRrant). 
 
 Mrs. Jiiliii Ijiing (soft pink, and of Kood form; a free bloomer; fragrant). 
 
 .Maijna Cliarta (bri;rht ro-e; one of the most reliable). 
 
 Charles Lefebvre (velvety crimson; good form; fragrant). 
 
 Capt. lla.yward (sea let-crimson ; good form, fra>;raiit). 
 
 Margan^t Dickson (white with jiale tlesh centre; fraiirant). 
 
 Mrs. U. (i. Sharman-Crawford (ileep, rosy-pink; outer petals shaded with pale 
 
 flesh. 
 Clio (llcsh colour, ahaiU-d with ros.v-piiik). 
 
 Second Hexl Ten 
 
 Karl of DiifTerin (rich velvety crimson, shadeil maroon; fragrant). 
 
 Uaroimc de Hnnst-tten (vclvet.v Mackisli-iTinisKn). 
 
 ('ountoss of Rosebery (deep rose; fragrant). 
 
 Duke of Edinburgh (very bright vermilion; fragrant). 
 
 Baroness Tlotl'<i*liild (pain rose; slightly fragrant), 
 
 Her Majesty (I'lear, satin-rose). 
 
 Hugh Dickson (brilliant crimson, sha<led scarlet; fragrant). 
 
 Fisher Holmes (deep crimson; fragrant). 
 
 Etieiine Levet (carmine-red; fragrant). 
 
 Madame (iabri<'l Luizet (lijibt, silvery-pink; very slightly fragrant). 
 
 Anna ilie Dicsbai'li (attractive carmine: fragrant). 
 
 TIelen Stewart (bright crimson, enproacliinir scarlet; fragrant). 
 
 Prince Caniille cle Uohaii (dec]), velvety-crimson). 
 
 Alfred Colomb (deep, reddish-pink; fragrant). 
 
 List of the Twelve Best Hybrid Tea lio.icn. 
 
 1. Caroline Testoot — Satin rose with brigbter centre: t'rafimnt. 
 
 2. Dean ITob^ — Silvery carmine -haded salmon; fragrant, 
 
 3. Ktoile de Krancc— Velvety crinisoii, rod centre; fine form. 
 
 4. Oniss an Te|ilit/. — Very liriirht s.-nrlet crim-^oii : fri'i- lilooiiicr: sciiii-cliiiilicr 
 
 fragrant. 
 
 5. .T. 15, Clark— Dee]) scarlet sbadeii witli blniki-li ci-iiii-.ii : I'liPjiMiit. 
 
 6. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria. -("ream -lightfy ~liaiii. I jciiiini; finiriMnr tin- 
 form. 
 
 7. Killarney — Flesh shaded white suffused with pale pink; fia.;raiit: tine f..r:ii 
 
8. La Franco — BriKtit pink; very fraffrnnt. 
 
 9. Madnmo Abel Ohntenay — rarniino cone sliml' il ■'nliiKin; very free flowering; 
 fino furin. 
 
 10. Mailuino Ravary — 0(»M<'n yillnw; very (rw fluwtrinfr. 
 
 11. Mrs. Aaron Ward — Yellow waslit'il with siiIiihim rn-c; ii lirniitiful rose. 
 
 12. Theresa — D<>f'p orati^o apricot tin(fc<l curniiius friiKrant. 
 
 Other popular varieties are Hetty, Mildn'l (irand and Visccjuiitrsa Folkestone. 
 
 Some Jlyhrid Tea lioarit, which aire proml.ir of prenl e.TrollfnrP. nelrcled from 
 varieties jthmlvd in lUlt, at the Ccnlral h'j in liiiuiilal Farm. 
 
 m 
 
 Red arid shades of red: — 
 
 1. Laurent Carle — Velvety <Tinison. 
 
 2. Khea Keid — Cherry nil unci erinison. 
 
 Pinlcs and shades of pink: — 
 
 3. Colonel R. S. Williamson— Liulit pink nlin'>=t white. 
 
 4. IL Arniitago Moore — l{o-e an<l wilver.v piuU. 
 
 5. Yvonne Vacherot — Pink and coral white. 
 
 Flesh and shades of salmon: — 
 
 6. Antoine Rivoire — Rosy flr-h tinned yellow. 
 
 7. Dorothy Pii^e Roberts — I'iiik and sidni'in. 
 
 8. Dornrosehen — Flesh coloured. 
 
 9. Grace Jlolyneux — Ajiricol and flesh culoiir. 
 
 10. MarRuret Molyneux— Saffron y<lliiu ;iiiii iipricnt. 
 
 11. r^dy Helen Vincent — Salmon uikI pink. 
 
 12. Mrs. William Cooper— Ro-y flesh. 
 
 13. Queen of Spain — Pale flesh. 
 
 14. Souvr. du President Curnot— Flesh and white. 
 
 Yellovs : — 
 
 15. James Coey — V<'llow to white. 
 IG. IjC Propres — (lolden yellow. 
 
 Whilen and crinm shades: — 
 
 17. F.miliano Oliilen — White. tint(>il eannino. 
 
 18. Marie Mascauraud — White, slif;htly suhnon. 
 
 Six of the hext and iii'sl po/nihir Tea Roses. 
 
 1. White Maman Cochet — Whi'o, tinned lemon. 
 
 2. Matnan Cochet— l>eep flesh. suffMs<><l lijiht m-c. 
 
 3. Madame Jules Ciruvereaiix— Flesh, shaded yellow. 
 
 4. The Bride— White, tinned h'nion. 
 .5. Hridesmaid -Hrifiht pink. 
 
 0. Souvenir de Pierre Nottinfj— Apricot yellow, shaded orange. 
 
 Hardiest and Best Climhing Roses— 
 Crimson Rambler (crimson, double). 
 Dorothy Perkins (soft, light pink). 
 
10 
 
 Tausendschon (pinV, rosy-earniine when opened; not thoroughly tested; promu- 
 
 ing). 
 Gloiw <le Dijon an<l Mareohal Niel, climbing roses, are grown with suocesa in 
 
 the southern part of Yaucouvcr Island. 
 
 DWARF ROSE. 
 
 Madame N. Levavasscnr (Baby Rambler) (ro?y-orim»on ; good for massing in 
 beds). 
 
 The Prairie Climbinjj ro?o3 are not satisfactory in Canada except in the most 
 favoured locations. Tlie Penzance Sweet; Briars are also only adapted to the warmest 
 parts. Of these the T.ixdy Ponznnce, a very striking single rose of a coppery colour, 
 appears to be the hnrdieat. The Wichurimia hybrids are not hardy enough in Canada 
 except in the warmest parts of the Dominion. 
 
 IIVnRII) RUSKS TF.STKD AT OTTAWA. 
 
 There bus betMi n rose Harden iit tlie Central Kxperiinental Farm since 1S91, and 
 during the past twenty-one yeiir? a larjic number of varieties has been tcsti'd. Before 
 removing the old plantiition in the autumn of 1911, notes were faiken on the varieties 
 which had proved hardiest, and in the following table these and other notes are given. 
 To define the degree and quality of perfume which these roses have, the x mark has 
 been used, three x's lieing the highest desrree of perfume, and one x the Iciwc^^t 
 where there was any perfume. The rank indicates the relative general quality of the 
 variety. 
 
11 
 
 Hardiest Rorrr at Ottawa. 
 
 Name, 
 
 3 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Colour. 
 
 1 
 
 Rf marks. 
 
 Hrniiin PuRrirvAL Roav. 
 A. Ked and shades o( Red— 
 
 1899 
 
 i.sge 
 
 1894 
 1897 
 
 1901 
 
 1897 
 189B 
 1894 
 
 189& 
 1894 
 
 1894 
 1891 
 1(*99 
 1H95 
 1901 
 1896 
 1894 
 
 1897 
 1894 
 1894 
 1894 
 
 1897 
 
 1894 
 
 1896 
 1894 
 
 189C 
 1894 
 
 1897 and 
 later. 
 
 1894 
 
 1894 
 
 about 
 
 1897 
 
 1894 
 
 about 
 
 1897 
 
 Between Ist 
 
 and 2nd. 
 Second 
 
 First 
 
 Between Ist 
 
 and 2nd. 
 Between 1st 
 
 and 2iid. 
 Second 
 
 It 
 
 It 
 
 First..!!'.!!! 
 
 Second.!!!!! 
 II .... 
 Fir*t.... 
 
 Purple-crimson 
 
 Red fading ti 
 
 niative. 
 Blackish-crimson. . 
 Crims<m-RcarIi-t. . . 
 
 Deep-crimson 
 
 Velvety -crimson... 
 Blackish-crimson.. 
 
 XX 
 
 -\\ 
 
 \x\ 
 x\ 
 
 
 *2 Beiwie ■Tohnson. 
 
 3 Barunnii de Bonstetten 
 
 4 General Jacqueminot 
 
 Bush of vigorous haliit. 
 Hush niiMlerntely vigorous 
 
 6 Prince Camille de Rohan . 
 
 *7 Souvenir de Ducheu 
 
 a Thomas Milla 
 
 XX 
 
 X Moderately vigorous. 
 
 B. I'ink and shades of Pink - 
 
 *:l Baronne I'rHvost 
 
 •1(1 ComtesseCeciledeChalpril 
 lant. 
 
 11 Pomtesse d'Oxford 
 
 12 Caroline de Sansal 
 
 *13 Catherine Souper» 
 
 •1 1 Tx>nise Odier 
 
 Deep rose-pink . . . . 
 Ue<p pink 
 
 Reddish-pink. . . . 
 
 Kose-pink 
 
 Shell pink 
 
 Good pink ..... . 
 
 Carmine pink 
 
 Brifiht pink 
 
 XX 
 
 XX 
 
 XXX 
 XX 
 XX 
 
 Bush, vigorous. 
 
 l."> lia Reine 
 
 XX Very o|s-ii type. 
 XX Very free lilisiuier. 
 
 *Hi Madame Gomet 
 
 •17 Madame Joly 
 
 18 Mania Charta 
 
 N 
 
 It 
 
 Second 
 
 Between 1st 
 
 and 2nd. 
 First 
 
 First 
 
 Second 
 
 Between 1st 
 and 2nd. 
 
 First 
 
 Second 
 
 First 
 
 Second 
 
 First 
 
 Deep i>ink 
 
 Coral rose 
 
 Pink coliiiir 
 
 Carmine rose 
 
 son ; flowers of K.sid 
 
 form. 
 X Free l)li«)mer. 
 X rx)n(,' seasJin. 
 X Good hliHimer. 
 
 10 Madame Gabriel Luizet. . . 
 80 Uakmont 
 
 21 Victor Verdier. 
 
 22 Madame Plantier (white) . . 
 
 XX 
 
 XX 
 
 XX 
 XX 
 
 XX 
 
 xx' 
 
 X 
 
 XX 
 X 
 
 X 
 X 
 
 Vigorous ; free blomier ; 
 one of the best white 
 ro^^s. 
 
 Freebloomerj very vigor- 
 ous. 
 
 M.8CSLLAMB0US RoSES. 
 
 Moss Roern— 
 
 23 Blanche Moreau 
 
 24 Perpetual White Mofs 
 
 White 
 
 25 Centifolia. 
 
 
 
 Re<l to mauvH 
 
 Shades cif pink.Tiiil 
 red. 
 
 White and slnwUs 
 of pinkand iii.'iuu- 
 
 White fading pink 
 ish. 
 
 White 
 
 Free bloomer ; vigorous. 
 
 Free bloomer. 
 All vigorous. 
 
 B<jth single nd double 
 form. 
 
 Vigorous. 
 
 Vigorous. 
 Vigorous. 
 
 Very free bloomer. 
 S|x'cially free bloomer ; 
 flowers in tine clusters. 
 
 26 Glory of Mosses 
 
 27 Other Named Moss Roses. . 
 
 Rugosa Roses— 
 
 28 White and Red Rugosa. . . . 
 
 Damask Rose- 
 S9 Madame Hardy (white).... 
 
 Rugosa Hybrids — 
 30 Madame Urn. Bruant 
 
 31 Madame Chas. Worth 
 
 32 Ardm Emily Carman 
 
 33 Mary Amott 
 
 Rosy carnjine 
 
 2!rinison red 
 
 Carmine red 
 
18 
 
 \ 
 
 i 
 
 BAIUnEST ■<)■■■ AT OTTAWA— «KXnm UCT. 
 
 The aiteriik indicatei tbat theae rosea are now no longer obtainable at moit nur- 
 ■eriea. In many caies their places have been talcen by roaea of better colour or better 
 form. The Ilyfarid Tea rosea, which in most cases are of aaperior colour, form, and 
 lenirtb of bloominff season, are also fsot taking the place of many of theae older Hybrid 
 Perpetual Roses. Several hundred of these latter are now under test at the Central 
 Farm. 
 
 The second list of Hybrid Perpetuala which follows here contains those rosea 
 which have been (growing at the Farm for periods varying from five to ten years and 
 have up to the present shown satisfactory indications of hardineaa and vigour which 
 are the two pointe of merit in which those in the first list ^owed the gr e atea t 
 superiority. Full details are not given aa many of them are still nnder test. 
 
 BTBRID PERPBTIT>I. MMU (3). 
 
 Red and Shades of Red — 
 
 34. Anna die Diesbach, carmine. 
 
 Duke of Connaught, velvety crimson. 
 Empress of India, light crimson. 
 Horace Vemet, velvety red. 
 King of Sweden, dark crin»on. 
 Lady Helen Stewart, dark crimson. 
 Madame Victor Verdier, cherry red. 
 Marie Rady, brilliant red. 
 Reynolds Hole, rich maroon. 
 
 35. 
 •3«. 
 
 37. 
 •38. 
 
 39. 
 
 40. 
 
 41. 
 
 42. 
 
 43. Ulrich Brunner, cherry crimson. 
 
 Pink and Shades of Pink — 
 
 *44. Clara Cochet, deep pink to red. 
 45. Duchess de Morny, bright rose. 
 4Q. John Hopper, rose pink. 
 
 47. Mervcille de Lyon, light pink white centre. 
 
 48. Mrs. John Laing, clear piuk. 
 
 49. Mrs. R. O. Sharman-Crawford, rose pink. 
 60. Paul Neyron, deep rose. 
 
 WBCBLLAREOCS ROSn. 
 
 61. Sir Thomas Lipton, wbite Rugosa hybrid. 
 
 52. New Century, pink Rugosa hybrid. 
 
 53. Universal Favourite, rose climber (Wichuriana hybrid). 
 
 54. Lady Gay, pink climber. 
 
 55. Crimson Rambler, crimson climber. 
 
 56. Dorothy Perkins, bright pink climber. 
 
 57. Persian Yellow, yellow rose. 
 
 58. Harrison's Yellow, deep yellow.