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Hiouse of Commotts debates 
 
 FOURTH SESSION-SEVENTH PARLIAMENT 
 
 SPEECH 
 
 OF 
 
 SIR JAMES A. GRANT, M.P 
 
 ON 
 
 OTTAWA, FRIDAY, 16th MAUCH, 1894 
 
 ^1> 
 
 V, 
 
 \^ 
 
 fv^ 
 
 Sir JAMES GRANT, Mr. Speaker, wttUiu 
 the year that has just passed two very im- 
 portant events have ti-anspired. We liave 
 parted with one representative of Her Ma- 
 jesty, and we have received the nobleman 
 who recently ai-rived amongst us and is the 
 present representative of Her Majesty in this 
 Domuiion. Durhig the sojourn of Lord 
 Derby and Lady Derby in tliis country they 
 endf ared themselves to the people, and he, 
 by his wise judgment and discretion, by his 
 long practical experience as a legislator and 
 his occupancy of important positions 
 in the Government of Great Britain, so 
 discharged the serious responsibiUty of pre- 
 sldhig over the destinies of this great Do- 
 minion as to reflect gre?*^^ credit on himself 
 aed to carry bacli to England the warmest 
 possible regards of the people of this country. 
 As for Lady Derby, she endeared herself to 
 everyone with whom she came in contact. 
 She took an active interest in our people, in 
 our institutions, in everything that tended 
 to the welfare of our people, and in leaving 
 Canada she left behind her tangible proof 
 of the work s1h» was desirous of acco'mplisli- 
 ing, the estal)lLshment of rai institution in 
 the capital of tlie Dominion known as the 
 " Stanley lastituto," wliich is a credit to her 
 name and her reputation. Tlie wish of the 
 people of this country is tliat in leaving 
 Canada they may be long spared to enjoy the 
 
 ease and affluence which have receudy des- 
 cended to them, and in doing so I feel satis- 
 faed that throughout the length and breadth 
 of Canada there is but one wish that they 
 may be long spared to undertake works of 
 practical usefulness which await them in 
 tlie great centres of England. We have 
 also received here withhi a very short time 
 a nobleman and lady. Lord and Lady Aber- 
 deen, whose names went before them, inas- 
 much as they lived in Canada for a short 
 time, and although that period itself was ex- 
 tremely short, still they endeared themselves 
 to the people with whom they cjime specially 
 m contact hi that Garden of Eden, as I might 
 call it, Hamilton, one of tlie cities of Ontario 
 so t:iat when they left Canada there was a 
 unanimous wish felt among the people 
 tliroughout the country that we might be so 
 e.vtremely fortunate .-g to have them here as 
 rc^^prm^uting Her Majesty. "The Grand 
 Old Man, whom I am sorry to say is now 
 languishing from sickness, and has been 
 obliged to leave tlie leadership of that great 
 party over which he presided, in his Judgment 
 and discretion selected to come to Canada a 
 nobleman who was Viceroy of Ireland, and 
 wlio so distiuguislied himself in that 
 po.sitiou as to endear hhnself to 
 every irLshman in that grand old 
 emerald isle, where to-day the sham 
 lock grows so sweetly ami luxuriantly. 
 
 96 
 
 in 
 
 CO 
 
 'y.^^-^m.s.t mm 'm tfM i.immrr 
 

 We rely upon it that not only will the re- 
 presentatives of that Ireland, which we all 
 delight to honour, but all the people of Can- 
 ada will receive at his liands that degree of 
 Justice which is bound to flow from any re- 
 presentative sent to Canada by Her Majesty, 
 as on every occasion she selects the 
 best man possible to preside over 
 the destinies of this important and 
 conspicuous portion of her domain. 
 As for Lady Aberdeen, we know her well. 
 She takes, also, a deep interest in om- people, 
 la our institutions, and in everything that 
 appertains to the welfare of the country. 
 I am sure that when, in the ordinary course 
 of events, the time arrives for Tlieir Excel- 
 lencies to leave Canada, our people will 
 heartily say, God-speed to the Governor 
 General and his lady, who have so largely 
 contributed towards the happiness, the gem- 
 fort, and the prosperity of the Domfqidn. 
 Mr. Speaker, I rise with no ordinary Ae&lqe. 
 of pleasure to move the address in resUbJigt 
 to the Speech from the Throne. Althotigli 
 twenty years have elapsed since I before •J^*-:' 
 the honour of occupying a seat in this Ohatfi-' 
 ber, I still undertake this duty with a ct)Jf-' 
 siderable degree of hesitancy, inasmuch ah' 
 I am fully aware that within that time therfe' 
 have been extraordinary advances made in 
 every line of thought, and particularly in» 
 the great department of political economy. 
 As one of the representatives of the capital 
 of the Dominion of Canada, I fdel satisfied 
 that the compliment that has been paid me 
 is more to the people whom I have the 
 honour to represent, than to myself, per- 
 sonaUy. Permit me to say. Sir, that, in 
 making this response to the address, I wish 
 to crave the indulgence of the hon. members 
 of this House. Time is an important 
 factor in estimating the development and 
 progress of a countiy, and certainly the 
 people of Canada hav(» reason to feel 
 proud of what has been accomplished 
 Avitliln the past twenty years. If we 
 look around us, in almost overv direction 
 see tangible proof of that advance 
 
 we 
 
 ment. I would ask any sane man who looks 
 into the various lines of thought and develop- 
 ment, if he does not observe in this the 
 full and thorough determination of the peo- 
 ple of Canada (notwithstanding the difli- 
 culties tliey have had to contend against) 
 to maintain the spirit of independence and 
 reliance on themselves. It all convinces me 
 that our people are rapidly attaining tlie 
 point of the maintenance of the true spirit 
 of national development. I know of no- 
 thing that has tended more to l)ring our 
 people together tlian the grand principles of 
 confeileration. It has cemented tlie various 
 provinces, it has developed interprovincial 
 trade and commerce, and it has caused us to 
 know their legislators, who have been 
 brought up here from time to time, and who 
 have taken so active and so energetic a 
 part in the affau-s of tlils House that— 
 as the Hon. Sir rlibbert Tupper 
 
 pointed out In Hamilton a few days 
 ago in his admirable address on 
 "Canadian Footprints "—we look to the 
 Maritime Provinces as a nurseiy of great 
 men. These provinces have contributed to 
 our public Mfe a class of men who have 
 always taken an active and energetic part 
 in the advancement of this country. Be- 
 fore the principles of confederation were 
 thoroughly carried out, the Maritime Prov- 
 inces traded with Boston and New York, and 
 the contiguous portdons of the United States; 
 but shice confederation what do we find ? 
 That we in mis part of Canada are 
 taking their coal, that they are taking our 
 Hour, that in every way trade and com- 
 merce has sprimg up between us, and that 
 by om- interchange of Ideas we are daily be- 
 coming more closely allied to each other. 
 The hon. members of this House need not be 
 told what the Canadian Pacific Railway has 
 accomplislieii in the progress of our great 
 eountiy. I might say. Sir, that I hold in my 
 hand to-day the bill presented to me by the 
 late Sir John Abbott when he was taking an 
 .active part on the floor of this House, who 
 .then expressed his wish to me that I should 
 \Jitroduce the Canadian Pacific Railway Bill 
 •He formulated the principles of it, and I had 
 the pleasure of introducing it on the 20th 
 '?Ay of April, 1872, and of addi-essing the 
 .Holise on the importance of that gi-eat high- 
 .way.. We are to-day reallzhig the Import- 
 ance, of the construction of that "ailway In 
 e^&ry sense of the term. We find that trade 
 and. /commerce have developed to an oxtraor- 
 diparjT degi-ee. In the p-esent state of de- 
 pr(?gslon that railway has no doubt diffi- 
 culties to contend against, as almost any rail- 
 way on tliis side of the Atlantic has, but not- 
 withstanding that, I am satisfied that it will 
 be able to stem the current, to float on as 
 for years past, and to assist very materially in 
 the further development of the resources of 
 Canada. I may say that I know perfectly well 
 the sentiments expressed by individual.^ wh' 
 have considered the subject, and they ar 
 that the shortest route across from the At- 
 lantic to the Pacific would ultimately com- 
 mand the oommcrcial supremacy of this 
 North American continent. We find also 
 that the Government are now inaugurating a 
 system of rapid steam commmiication be- 
 tween Great Britain and Canada, a policy 
 which will also assist very materially in ad- 
 vancing our position as a country. Twenty 
 y(>ars ago, we had only one fine of steamers— 
 the Allans— and to them is duo a great deal of 
 credit for what they have doiu> in the 
 earlier stages of Canada. We know that 
 It It had not boon for the Allans the 
 trade of Canada would be in a Imckward 
 condition compared to what Ic is to-<lay 
 'ihere are now five lines of steamers sailing 
 from Montreal to European ports, and we 
 wdl yet have another line in order to .>nable 
 us to compete with the great Republic to 
 the south of us. We have also those magni- 
 ficent Steamers, sailing from Vancouver to 
 
 I 
 
 //^\r/^ 
 
Japan, China, India and Australia, and they 
 will uudoubtodly bring about in time increas- 
 ing trade with these countries. I rejul the 
 speech of the hon. Minister of Tiude and Com- 
 merce regarding his mission to Austrai'.a the 
 other <lay, antl what a regret came to my 
 mind wlien I thouglit tliat had the Grand Olil 
 Chieftain been living he would have clapped 
 him on the shoulder and said : Well done, 
 thou good and faithful servant. Mr. Speaker, 
 I loolc forward to the time when we sha^l 
 have a large and important trmle with Aus- 
 tralia. At tlie present time the trade of 
 that great country is Just what the trade of 
 Great Brltnin was when Her Majesty as- 
 cended the Throne. Is not tliat an evidence 
 in itself of what AustnUia has done t)y the 
 public spirit and self-reliance of its people ? 
 And, when we loolc at our products that are 
 now being expoi'ted there, and the manner in 
 \\hich our Canadian mowers ami reapers 
 and other agricultural implements are at- 
 tracting the attention of the fanners in Aus- 
 tralia, we see another evidence tliat thefyro- 
 ducts of Canada, by their superior construc- 
 tion, will command a marlvct no matter 
 where thoy go. I believe that it is tlie in- 
 tention shortly to establish a Canadian de- 
 pot in Australia. That is a practical idea., 
 and the people of that continent will then 
 kn6w,--a3 they are shortly going to know 
 in England by the establishment of a depot 
 of a similar character— what are Ganadi'in 
 products and what are not. AVe know how 
 often spurious articles are put in the market 
 and said to be Canadian when tlioy are tiuly 
 something else. It is right and proper tha't 
 our public men should so direct tlie current 
 of trade witli reference to tliese depots that 
 the products of Canada, no matter 
 where tliey go, shall be amply and care- 
 fully protected from spurious Imitations. 
 I am glad to know that a conference Is 
 shortly to take place in Ottawa— I believe on 
 the 21st t)f Juno— when we sliall receive 
 emissaries from Australia wiio are coming 
 to exchange ideas with the leading men of 
 this coimtry, and to see what means can 
 be adopted for establisliing a more extende<l 
 trade with tliese provinces. I look frrward 
 to the day, not far distant, when the various 
 Australian provlncies will be confederate<l 
 as are the Canadian provinces ; and when 
 that takes place, it will not only stimulate 
 the people there to perfect their internal 
 government, but also assist them in promot- 
 ing their foreign trade. "When an individual 
 wants to accomplish anj-thing, he has tirst 
 to know liimseif, and then he knows how 
 to deal with others. So it is with the people 
 of a colony. They require to know them- 
 selves, to adopt the principles which 
 have been found useful in other colon- 
 ies, and then they can prosper ; and 
 when the various provinces of Australia 
 shall be Joined together like the various 
 provinces of Canada, it will stimulate them 
 very materially in carrying out those prin- 
 ciples of trade which we have in contem- 
 plation. I hope also that the day is not 
 
 far distant when we shall have an electric 
 cable laid between this country and Aus- 
 tralia. We know that an electric cable is 
 the trade pulse of the world. AVlien th« 
 price of a product rises or falls, the fact is 
 at once telegraphed to the various centres 
 of the world. We in Canada nee<l to oe 
 up and doing in this matter if w-^ are to 
 hold our own ; and I have been vei-y much 
 pleased indee<l to find that Mr. Sandford 
 Fleming, a gentleman very well known in 
 this country for his energy and entenirise, 
 especially in connection with the construc- 
 tion of the Canadian Pacific Kailway, should 
 have gone to Australia on his own perstmal 
 account, and so stinuilatwl the interest of 
 the Australians in the matter that, with 
 reasonable assistance from Canada and Gi-eat 
 Kritain, I feel satisfied that an Australian 
 cable M'ill before very long l)e an accom- 
 pli,shed fact. A great increase has also taken 
 place 'in the volume of our tnide with the 
 West Indies. This trade was greatly stimu- 
 lated by the Jamaica exhibition ; and chiefiv 
 'iwing to the visit of the Finance Minister 
 and: the Canadian Commissiomu" to tliat ex- 
 hibition, Mr. Adam Brown, of Hamilton, 
 .^ve have thus a large source of revenue from 
 those islands. Our products have btn^n suc- 
 ■cossful there for the same reason that tliey 
 liave been successful in tlie gi-eat Chicago 
 oxhibiti(m. We know how many prizes have 
 been awarded to us ; and they have not come 
 *o us from mere chance or accident, 
 but as a result of the energy of our farmers 
 and mechanics; and I am satisfietl that the 
 products of this comitry when placed in 
 competition with the products of any other 
 country in the world, will always be 'able to 
 stand the test and maintain an equallv high 
 standard. We have also had the enormous 
 steamers of the Canadian Pacific Railway 
 plougliing our western lakes, and developing 
 a line of trade there of very great import- 
 ance. I merely advert to these subjects as in- 
 dicating tlie great progress of the country, be- 
 cause they were scarcely known twenty years 
 ago when I formerly occupied a seat on the 
 floor of this House. There are pessimists who 
 say that Canada is going to the dogs, that we 
 hardly amount to anything, thatour position 
 is so infinitesimal that we are hardly noticed. 
 But when we look at the resources of this 
 covmtry, at the energy of our people, at the 
 wonderful development of the coimtry in the 
 last twentj- years, it is perfectly marvellous 
 how much Canada has to be thankful for, 
 and we can see that a great future is in store 
 for our people. We know perfectly well. Sir, 
 that within the last twelve months an extra- 
 ordinary financial depression has existed al- 
 most throughout the entire world ; scarcely 
 any country has escaped from it ; 'the great 
 centres cf trade and commerce have been 
 very materially disturbed. But thanks to the 
 energy and persever-'^nce of the various peo- 
 ples in the world, times are now gradually 
 improving, and I hope the day is not far 
 distant when the general trade of the world 
 
will iiKii'ch fin-wjinl iiKJiin willi the siiiiic pro- 
 gress iiiid jKlviiiicciiicut that we liiivc seen in 
 tlic yciirs tl'.r.t iirc i>nst. Of tlic viirioiis sec- 
 lions of the world, I do not know iin.v where 
 this tl'ilde (U'pressioM iliis lieeii fell nioi'e se- 
 vei-ely Miiin in Anslriilhi. Xeariy every l>nnk 
 in Auslr.'ilia — I l)eiieve all with the exeeption 
 of three— went to the wall : and even thos(! 
 throo were tested to the utmost capacity. 'I'ho 
 inlliKMice of such a (le|)ression was wide- 
 spread, and was felt in the >;reat linancial 
 centres of the world, icirtlcnlarly in lOnKland, 
 and why V ISecaiise the nioiietjiry men ol' 
 I'hiKliiiid were indnc(>d to invest, their ca|)ital 
 in the form of deposits in the vario\is Ans- 
 tralian lianks, and the collapse c;ime wlien 
 they least expected it. They were induced to 
 pnl: their money lliere like m.-my oilier cap- 
 italists, liy ilie jirospect of hi.uli interest ; and 
 liiKh inten-;t is never a s;ife investment, 'L'he 
 conse(|neine was that llie far-reachinu' Vl'l!''«;t>i 
 of lliat collapse we|-e expel'ienced iir, VATi:- 
 land. Sncceedin;; tlial .almost imniedi,'i*tj;'ly^ ; 
 an exii'aordiiiary cycloiu> passed over, ^hu i 
 linancial institntioiis of lh(> Uniled Stj'v'tes.'.j 
 They were shaken to their very fomtd'i' 
 tion ; and noiwithsiandin;; the coliap^J's] 
 lliat we have witnessed in every (]1J'i 
 rectioii we lia\'e never tor dill' moment fe.lt 
 that the iteople ot that ;;reat conntry! ' 
 whom we admire and respi'ct, whose in- 
 slittitions We have seen urow np almost at'l 
 onr doors, woidd lonji t';iil to revive. Wo j 
 have seen liow tliey pa.id off the ;;reat debt ' 
 of tli(> American A\'ar. wlien everybody said 
 that it conld not lie done ; we believe tliey 
 are jible to jiay everyihiim' they owe. and 
 Mill soon be as prosperons ajiain as excr : yet 
 W(< saw no less than l.'iS ,,t' their national 
 banks ^-o to the wa.ll, because those banks 
 Were not established on the same soimd basis 
 as onr ('.-inadian banks. They did not 
 possess the same elasticity, and there was 
 not the same ojiporlnnity of t^eltin;;- money 
 in a Imrry. Thanks to tlie wisdom and fore- 
 sifiiit of the ]inlilic men of tliis conntry. our 
 bankinj: arrangements .are entirely diflVreni ; 
 .•iii.l. as a consfMpieiice. tin' linancial institu- 
 tions of onr conntry liave been s.aved from 
 disiistcr .and have sliown tiie solid and sub- 
 stantial basis on wliicli they rest. We lind 
 that to-day the bonds of Canada st.and .as 
 hijrh in the Knulish market and in otlier 
 money markets as any (dher secan'ities ; :iiul 
 this we owe larjiely to the manner in which 
 the monetary institntions of this conntry 
 liave been manaucd. Aj;ain. it is a remark- 
 able fact that in a jieriod of stajination tlie 
 associated li.anks of .New York siionld have 
 .accnnndated .Si'.'iiJ.nno.ooo. while, owinj; to ;i 
 w.-iiit of conlideiice in tlie country aud ii 
 foelinff of nervousness on the part of' the men 
 wild held the pui-se-strinKs in the monetary 
 centres, only !?11.(MH).()(m» were pliiceil 
 in Kt'iicrai clrcailation from the 1!>th 
 of August to the i;{th of Sei»teniber. 
 This is proof positive of the want of o<ai 
 lidenco tliey had in tli(>mselves. When large 
 sums of silver wei-e being thrown on the i 
 
 market, these who held gold locked it up in 
 tlieir vanlts, so (h.at this gold, which would 
 liave b( en. uiKler ordinary circninsiaucoa, 
 in circulation, was doing no good Avhiitev(>r 
 to the conntry. Again, it is ti rc.iiarkablo 
 .act that no less Hum sevetit.v-si.K railways 
 in the United Slates iiassed into tlie lianil.s 
 of receivers <inring the jtast ye.ar. Why ? 
 Uecanse the r.ailw.ay coin|»,inies. althongh 
 lliey had tlie securities to cover their Indebt- 
 edness, were mi.able to r.aise money, owing 
 to this lack of conlideii(|' and of ol.aslicity 
 in the Ainerican banking system. !ind had to 
 pass into the hands of receivers. And this 
 des)iil(> th(> likelihood of 
 p.ay in the near future, 
 land, wli.at do we lind ' 
 upon, and with reason 
 of the linancial world, 
 which every(Hie goes wlio seeks 
 scheme and r.aise monev. A\'ell. 
 
 their being able to 
 
 If we turn to Eng- 
 
 V Kngland is looked 
 
 as the gre.-it centre 
 
 It is the :Mpcca to 
 
 to tloal a 
 
 in Kngland 
 
 we lind tiiat the capital created and issued 
 in bsp;;, w.as less tli.an one-fourth of wli.-it it 
 w!i«in 1SS1). l>oes not tli.at show stringency 
 in the money niiirket V Most assiiredlv it 
 does. l*,iit I am glad to know tliat in the 
 jiioiilh of FebriiJiry past the trade .and com- 
 'merce between Diml.aiid .and Cinjidji has 
 very niJiterially improved, and is to-day more 
 't'lian it li.as lieen for .some time, wliich is 
 proof positive that we .are gr.idn.ally .-fiKl 
 'Surely working ag.ain into a more successful 
 Jnlde than we hiive experieiiceil for suue 
 time iiast. T iii.ay seem. Mr. Spe.alaM". to be 
 'dra\Ving a ratlier dark picture, but T feel 
 iWs.^fiiN'd it is but right that AVe should con- 
 si^ler all these matters, because they afford 
 ns.'i'a'ugilile proof, if such be retitiirod, of 
 lli(«.i<*'m;irkable way in which Can.ada has 
 stood tlie (M-isis. And how iiroud we ought 
 to be that this coiuilry of ours is now hope- 
 fully looked forward to by every individual 
 who wislies to liiiilil up a home for himself 
 in the \(>w World where he will li!iv(> some 
 ]iros|iect of olitainiiig .an adeiiuati' return 
 for his labour and investment. In vi(nv of 
 c(>rt.iin rejiorts whicli have been put in cir- 
 culaliou concerning tlie great .Vorth-west, 
 and which may tend to ret.ard the cuiront 
 of emigration there, it may be well that I 
 should allude to certain facts r(>sp(>cting tliut 
 cou.nli'v. .Much of the d<']iressioii in the 
 provinc(> of .Manitobji. .and ])articularly in 
 tile Xorlh-west. is due to the low iil'lce of 
 wlieat. We know perfectly well that wheat 
 tl.rotighotit the woi'ld is now in a depressed 
 condition. A large (piantity is growni in 
 India, llnssiji. tli(> TTnit(>d Stales, and vari- 
 ous other portions of the worhl. Tn some 
 Iil.aces it is grown so very che.aiily tli.at com- 
 petition by us hiis b(>coine extremely dithcult. 
 r am sure, however, that the lime is not very 
 Car distant when our farmers will be able to 
 so diversify their farming oper.ations .as to 
 overcome this dilHcnlty. The following table 
 will .show tli(> fluctuations in tli(> value of 
 wheat growing since 1S!)0. in various 
 st.Mles :-ln the stat(> of Illinois, the average 
 value iier a<a'e in I.SOO. w.as .$11.22. Tn 1801 
 it was .n5.(X) ; in 1SI)2 it was .$11.91 ; aud in 
 
 I 
 
i 
 
 18!);5, $r).(Jl. In .MlHsourl, in 1890, th(> value 
 of wheat; por aero wnn $18.71. In 1891 It 
 was $14.(15 ; in 1892 it was $8.04 ; and in 
 189;'. It wa.s $4.07. In ^Minnesota, wlicat wa.s 
 woiMli, in l,S9(i. $lo.i'9 iH'V am". Jn 1S91 it 
 M-as wortli $15.52 per aero ; in 1892. $7.44 ; 
 and in 1,S9:!, $4.50. In Xortiioni Dalvota. tlic 
 vainc of an aero of wiicat in lS9i» was $4.83. 
 In l.stn it was $15.25 In 1892 it was $7.45 ; 
 and in 189:'. it was $4.;!0. In oni- Nnrtli-wG.st 
 Ti'iTitorios, it was ralsod fi-oni $<!.75 to $11 
 per am>. As regards tlio cnltlvatSon of 
 land, tlio average increase in area of culti- 
 val)le lan<l in tlio United States lias l)een as 
 toUows : — 
 
 1S71 tolMTr, ;vj |„.,c,.i,t. 
 
 1S7.) to ISHO 34 ,|„ 
 
 issa to IKS.-) ■].( (j„ 
 
 IMsritoisiia 7 (i„ 
 
 or ady 1% per cent per year betweiMi 1,8,S5 
 a.ul l.S'.M). sliowinyr tliat tlie iiniil lias I)een 
 readied, and tliat tiie iiloneors of rarniintr in- 
 dustry iiuist turn tlieir attention to (\inada. 
 A Kreat deal lias iieeii said alioiit our far- 
 mers ieaviii«- llieir laiKls ainl piinj;- else- 
 wlier.'. l>ut it Is well to renienihei- dial in 
 many jiarls of IMiniiesota, lioniesteads were 
 
 uraiitiMi to far rs no less than live time .s, 
 
 vet to-day tiiat state Is one of tlie most 
 jirosjieroiis in the rnioii. \\'(. Und to-;Iay 
 tliat liiiiulreds of American farmers are set- 
 tliii;; In this country. Ail aloiii;- the Xorth- 
 west. iiji alioiit Edmonton, tiiey are ooniiii},' 
 in (iiiie)ly and sleadiiy. and taldim- an nclivo I 
 part in the dev(lo|uaeiit of liie country. I 
 lliindreds are tiirniim- their attention to' 
 mi.\ed farniin--. Iiecaiise they (In I ;liat k'I'W- 
 in^' wheat alone will not ])ay : and T lind. 
 from statistics tliat i iiave recenliy olilaiiuxl 
 from tile Xorth-we.st Government, thai {lu\ 
 prcKluction of tlie farms is as follows :— 
 
 Xii. iif I'l'ddiu'iMJ imslii'ls 
 
 iiiii sure mat tiiey win niiit:' ni saying there 
 is a ;;reat future before ttie Nortii-west, and 
 1 lio|)e tile diiy is not far distant wiien we 
 
 tt.OI I... - *.... 41.1.. ..t> ! ! ..1 .. 
 
 will have even a grciiter tide of immigration 
 
 Ilowing into tliat country than we are new 
 
 experieiicinf,'. We iiiiow perfectly well tt.at 
 
 tliere are great territories tiiat iiave sciirc.'ly 
 
 lieeii opeiU'ii up at all. Tliere is tlie groat 
 
 At;iai)a.scii country. Tlianks t(» iho .Minister 
 
 of Interior, we liavi' laid recoiitly a 
 
 splendid report iiy Dr. .McConneil upon that 
 
 (•(Mintry, wiiicii rejiort sliows that there is 
 
 tliere an area of over 200 niiies in leiigtli, 
 
 wiiicii has lying under it 
 
 iiasiii of petroleum. Consii 
 
 tills is developed, it will 
 
 teiial resources of tiiis c(aiinry, it seems, 
 
 at llrst tiioiight, remarl<alile tiiai it suould 
 
 liave remained so Ion 
 
 it (umld liardly havi 
 
 cause tliere w;is no rallwtiy construction 
 
 to i;dni(aiton until recently. We ka 
 
 I'eiinsylvaiila has don 
 
 tlie heiietit of tile United Slates, and wo 
 
 may rest assured that, as tiie Atiia- 
 
 an enormous 
 k'r how, wlien 
 idd to tile nm- 
 
 untoiichcd. lint 
 been otllerwlse, iie- 
 i|c 
 *(' Know wiiat 
 In a tiiiaiiciai \\:\y for 
 
 1 1 iu^» X < i^t «i.-^.tiii \_-^L 111(11, «i .-^ I III ■ x\ mil- 
 
 liasca country Is deveioiied, it will do as iiiucii 
 for Canada. Mr. I?o\vell, In his aihiress at 
 
 coal oil last ye 
 the lieojiie of <' 
 trjide In this re 
 
 Funufi-.'^. 
 
 :m . . . 
 
 L'() . 
 •M . . 
 
 13... 
 4 ... 
 
 i>f Wlii'iit. 
 
 •_'ii,(;7i"> 
 . 2i,](;.s 
 
 1S,(1S1 
 
 . ;f,s(i« 
 
 . (J,,")4o 
 (i!)0 
 
 Cattli 
 
 241 ; 
 
 413 
 
 lllli 
 444 
 
 !l 
 
 l'if,'s. 
 
 ir.2 
 111 
 
 1!I.S 
 
 at 
 bo- 
 
 'I'hese statistics, wlilch wiMc gatliorcd 
 v.irlous points In the Xorth-west, prove 
 yoiid t'oiibt tlie great agriciiltur.ii develop- 
 ment whicli Is takiig place in th.at country, 
 and show tiiat the time is not vorj far 
 <llstaiit wlien farming will be carried on 
 tlieiH" its it is now in our eastern countiy, 
 and tile peojde will not give tlieir atti'iition 
 entirely to the cultivation of wlieat. The re- 
 Iiort of :Mr. Crawford of Indian Head, which 
 lias iieeii sent down recently, sliows the fol- 
 lowing as re.gai'ds Assiniiioia. 'I'lilrty-tiiree 
 farmers hacT tlie folhiwing acres under crop : 
 5,512 acres. 
 
 Wlieat prodiiccd 
 Oats do 
 
 Horse* do 
 Cattle do 
 Slieei) 
 
 134,401! Inisli. 
 
 2s,L'r,,s do 
 
 378 
 38(1 
 448 
 
 Pigs 4,015 
 
 Poroiito. said iliat Australia look no less taau 
 I million and .-i ([iiarter dollars worth of 
 ir. Uow grallfying if wo, 
 iiiada. could comm.ind the 
 
 peel, not (Hiiy of .Vustraiia, 
 
 lait also of Chliai. .I;ipan and India, wiiero, 
 up to tile present time, noihiiig like )K'tro- 
 leiim has been discovered. We have an 
 additional siiiiiuliis to the develoiimeiit of 
 our country in tli(> resources of the Xortli- 
 west. W(> want to develop ev<'ry iirodnctlve 
 Industry in our country. We require money 
 to keep us .going, and, rel.v np(ai it. witli 
 the resources lieliind us. we lave no reason 
 to fe.-ir thjit the linaiices of this country will 
 b(? in any oilier tliaii a prosperous condition 
 in tile future, as tliey .are at tlie present 
 lime. As regards the riilted States, permit 
 me to .say I)efor(> leaving that iioiiit that in 
 reading Th(> I'\a'uin. only a .short time a.go, I 
 w;is vny i,;;icli impressed witli an oliservation 
 m;i<le l)y on-' of liie leading men who is jilso 
 known as a statistician of the highest repute, 
 w'ith reference to Canada. ^Ir. David A. 
 Wells refers to Canada in tliese terms : 
 
 In the Doniiiiioa of Cauadii se()iiriitod tenitoi'!- 
 idly fidin as on the north liy an linagiiiary line, 
 there lias l)een no i)anie. no iiniisnal (leniaiid for 
 inoiiey, no stoppage of indiistiies, no lestrietion of 
 traile, no inert^ased rate of interest ; inslioit, noth- 
 ing l)eyond the ordinary eonrse of events, except 
 so far as these events may have lieen intluenced hy 
 contiguity to wliat may he termed a fiiianeial 
 cyclone whose jiathway of destnieticai was con- 
 tiguons l)iit not w itliiii its own territory. 
 
 Mr. Siioakor, that oxpr(\sslon of opinion with 
 reference to Canada and the people of Can- 
 
adii, imd tlio fvituro tirospootH of this country, 
 from HO iiblc a sttitlstlcliiu as Mr. Wells aiimt 
 bo oxtrcinoly (•lu-ouniKliiK. It Is lii this 
 way that tho bwl iik«ii of (ho nt'lKhbouriiiK 
 rf'ijubllc regard us to-day. 'I'licy aro takluy 
 lessons from our Inslltullons, tiiey are im- 
 blbing at our fouulaliis of IcarnlnK, and they 
 estimate the value of oin- lustltutloiiH by the 
 prosperity of our peoide. 1 trust tlie day 
 Is not far distant when they will arrange 
 tlielr ttir'.it so as not only to meet their own 
 re(tuirements, and develop tiieir own re- 
 sources, but also to eo-operafe wlMi us In 
 udvaneiuK the ^reat prlnelph! of trade on the 
 North American continent, With reference 
 to the yreat arbitration which has just been 
 held, before concluding, permit me to .say 
 tlmt it shoidd be a source of en- 
 tire gratitlcation and sjitislnctlon to 
 tlie peopl(« of this couutrv to observe 
 it.s residts. Tliere is no doubt the 
 matter has heeii arranged most satisfactorily 
 to tlie p(>ople of Canada. We had great 
 pride in tlu* plenipotentiaries who went from 
 this country, and we know that th(> maimer 
 in whicli tliey discu.ssed all the questicms 
 taat came before tliem, the skill and ability 
 they displayed won for them distinction, not 
 only from the people, but from Her :Ma|esty 
 as well. The great question abov(! all others 
 in this conference W!i.s tliat of peace, and that 
 has been accomplished ; peace has been se- 
 cured. a!il a striking evidence given of the 
 progress of civilization. We have now pelagic, 
 sealing ; we have no minr r/mixiiw. We 
 know that in ISSn-SO there were some half- 
 dozen vessels fishing in these Avaters which 
 caught seals onlj- to tlie value of abont .«R1(K>,- 
 <HH). whereas during the conference some liftv 
 V(>ssels were engaged, and that trade hail 
 advanced to about .$50(».(M)(). The Asiatic 
 and American shores, and to within sixty 
 md(>s of the Pribyloff Islands ar<" free to us 
 so that the energy and abilitv of the gentle- 
 nien M'ho had this subject in charge^ have 
 afforded our hardy fishermen an op- 
 portumty of not only materially ad- 
 vancmg their own interests, but also 
 helpmg on the resources of our entlr(> 
 Dominion I foel that this question has 
 been decided in a manner which the 
 people of Canada may regard with a 
 high degree of pride and satisfaction. As 
 regards the tariff, we know that it 
 is a very vexed question, and how it 
 is to be determined this House will 
 soon know. I have not shared the sec-ets 
 of any member of the Government, but T 
 think the people of Canada, living on the 
 border of a highly protected and industrlallv 
 (leA-eloped coimtry, snch as the TTnited States 
 must consider the whole question of the tariff 
 fully, calmly, and dispassionately. It is not a 
 question that can be settled in a day. We 
 must have a revenue to meet oiu- expenditure. 
 If the principles of free trade were intro- 
 duced, where should we be ? We should 
 be m the same position as thev are now in 
 England, and should be obliged to levy 
 
 taxes ur»on our people. In that country 
 they have an income tax ; no man can 
 shoot a bird, or even take a f«>ather from 
 Its tall, without being subj(>ct to a tax ; no 
 man can catch a fish in any small sti-eam 
 without being taxed. Hut to-dav in Can- 
 a(hi, we aro frcH« in these imrtlciUars. 
 And why ar(> we free V Because thir- 
 teen years ago tlu; principles of protec- 
 tion, moderate proti>«'tlon to meet the re- 
 (pilrements of our i)eople, und to carry on 
 the alfairs of our country, protection sO' 
 arranged as not to press uiKluly upon a 
 community, not to thwart the efforts of 
 manufactun>rs. but to broa<lly subsorve^ 
 the best Interests of this country, and ad- 
 vance its material prosperity, were recog- 
 nized. And 1 feel sure that when the 
 tariff is brought down, tlu; men of common 
 sense in the Dominion of Canada will ac- 
 quiesce in the st>iitlnients which emanate 
 from those who have authority, and that 
 the tarltr for this country will be of such a 
 discriminating character, will ha-o so much 
 power in its ])rinciples, will so tend to 
 advance the material Interests of our p(>o- 
 l>le. as to give entire satisfaction to all 
 classes of our people. In conclusion, Mr. 
 Speaker, I'.'t me s.iy that the Dominion 
 of Canada is a nobh^ heritage which has 
 descended to us from the achievenuuifs of 
 the various nationalities which make up our 
 jieoplc. We have a prosperous country, we 
 liav(> an energetic, pushing, and self-reliant 
 I)opulatlon, iind, judging from the traditions 
 which our ancestors have left us, 
 I think our own iieople are fully 
 able to work out their own destiny. 
 Density of iiopulation or extent of country are 
 not everything. If we look back over tho 
 pages of history, what do W(> find V India, 
 with a population of two hundred millions, 
 controUetl by a few Anglo-Saxons, China 
 with as many millions of people as there are 
 days in the year— what influence do they 
 exert on the progi-ess of civilization, on the 
 advancement of society, or in the councils 
 of the nations ? Brazil and Mexico, with 
 even a greater population than Canada— 
 where are they to-day so far as regards their 
 influence in the world ? When we consider 
 little Canada, as we are calletl, with our 
 five millions of people, what do we find ? 
 We find that a few days ago our plenipoten- 
 tiaries distinguished themselves at the seat 
 of learning in Paris, where they met those 
 other great coimseliors, and they came back 
 hero having established for themselves a 
 name and a reputation which lead us to 
 believe, and which lead tlie people of tlie 
 world generally to acknowledge, that in 
 Canada we have a class of men who are 
 well able to guard our interests and to pro- 
 tect us in the widest and most comprehen- 
 sive sense of the term. It is a grand thing 
 to live in the spring time of a nation ; it 
 is a great thing to be at the fomitain head 
 of the great stream of national existence, 
 flowing on with every season and gaining 
 
momentum with th<> lapse of time. Little 
 events Hometliucs disturb natlous ; we know 
 perfotitly well tliat expression of opinions 
 sometimes Interfere with th(> prosperity of 
 a country ; and for that reason, no nmttt'r 
 what Hide of tlie IIouho we oeoupy, bo we 
 Itefoniier or be we Conservative, we owe 
 it to our country to i)rotect Its Interests 
 and Its people ; wc^ owe it to our country 
 to utter nothing that will be detrimental 
 to Its Interests, w(« owe it to our country 
 to Kuard It In every particular, both at 
 home and abroad. With these Ideas before 
 us we may rely upon it that the young oak 
 of Canadian nationality, plante<l but as yes- 
 terday, will spread out until it extends from 
 one end of tlie Dominion to the other. Let 
 us hope that the dew-drop on the very leaf 
 of the acorn will never generate the sap 
 of religious antagonism, bigotry or section- 
 alism, win never develop racial differences, 
 will never develop anything but what will 
 tend to advance the l>e8t interests of Canada ; 
 and In that way, and in no other 
 way, wo will become bountl to- 
 gether as one people. When I look around 
 this Chamber to-day and observe the seats 
 that were onco occupied by gi-eat men 
 whose voices are now hushed, it seems to me 
 that a phonetic power emanates from these 
 walls to-day that binds us together as one. 
 
 When I think of a Macdonald, a Cartler, a 
 Mackenzie, and a Dorlon, the <iuudruple 
 powers of Intellect, activity, intelligcmce, and 
 perseverance ; when I think what these men 
 did for this country In years past, how they 
 formed by their energy and ability the very 
 warp and woof of that structure upon which 
 to-day rests the (^Ivll and religious lll)t'rtle8 
 of this country, I feel constrained to ask, 
 have we not reason to feel proud of what 
 has t)een accomplished ? I^et us look for- 
 ward now to a unity of eflort and a unity 
 of design, and Irrespective of political con- 
 siderations, with no other object In view 
 but the advancement of the material inter- 
 ests of our counti-y, let us perpetuate the fair 
 name of Canada, lot us endeavour to con- 
 tinue It as a colony of which the Govern- 
 ment of Great Britain has reason to feel 
 proud ; because I feel assiu-ed that among 
 the territorial dominions of Her Majesty 
 there Is not one that occupies a higher posi- 
 tion than Canada. Sir, I wish Its people the 
 greatest possible degi-ee of prosperity, and 
 God-speed. 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 Printed by S. K. Dawson 
 
 Printer to the Queen's Mont Excellent Majesty 
 
 18'J4