CIHM Microfiche Series (IVIonographs) ICIVIH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microrepioductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques at bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. D Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged / Couverture endommagee □ Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur^e et/ou pellicul^e I I Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps / Cartes g§ographiques en couleur I I Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material / Reli§ avec d'autres documents D D Only edition available / Seule Edition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge int^rieure. Blank leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / Use peut que certaines pages blanches ajout6es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas et6 film6cs. Additional comments / Commentaires suppl6mentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a et6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-§tre uniques du point de vue bibli- ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m6tho- de normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages / Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommagees j I Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaur6es et/ou pelliculees Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / Pages decolor^es, tachet6es ou piqudes I I Pages detached / Pages d6tach6es \y\ Showthrough / Transparence I I Quality of print varies / D D D Quality in^gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel suppl6mentaire Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 film^es k nouveau de fa?on k obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont fiim6es deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below / Ce document est filme au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. lOx 14x 18x 12x 16x 20x 22x 26x 30x LzJ 24x 28x 32x The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library Agriculture Canada The images appearing here are the best quality pcssible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are f'l r id beginning with the front cover and ending c.> the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — •- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 4 5 L'exemplaire filmA fut reproduit grdce h la gin^rositA de: Bibliotheque Agriculture Canada ii 'i m Les images suivantes ont 6x6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetd de l'exemplaire filmi, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat rie filmage. Les exempiaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim6a sont film^s en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exempiaires originaux sont film6s en commen^ant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la derniire image de chaqua microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — »- signifle "A SUIVRE". la symboie V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent 6tre filmis A des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 6tre reproduit en un seul clichi. II est film6 i partir de Tangle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 2 3 5 6 MICROCOPY RESOIUTION TEST CHART (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2l I.I g3.2 2.5 2.2 1.8 \^ III '-4 mil I, ^ APPLIED irvMGE Inc ■6ti3 L'Jbl M:." irrpfft Rochester, Ne* Tofti (716) 482 - .TiOO - Phoi (7'5) 288 - '^-989 - Fax f-ni: .»>-=-■ ClUB-ROOT OF TURNIPS AND AlUED PLANTS (Plasmndiophora hraxncrp WorJ BY •••■^■'-■- '" rJ,a,. of riant PaO„.,,al Fi,, ...„.;.., ,,.,,,,,,„„_ ^ B. P ' / 1 fi * I''/ n i,' 111 TniniM k „ , 1 , (PlK'lo. H. T. C;i..s.Mj„-. 1 uin,,. K.»,t ~1,„„,„K .„alt„n„at,„n ,l,i,- t., r|„l, !;,,„ DOMINION EXPERIMENTAI, FARMS. J H. GRISDALE. B.Arp., Director. *^- T- GUSSOW, EXHIBITION CIRCULAR No. 91. Dominion Botanist. ( P..K. - - ^ ' * . 1 :• 1 •;. ; t ,'.i :i:ii ^ I '1^. -::' ^ii^A^^^K-:^ym^^^i^^^^ CLUB-ROOT OF TURNIPS AND ALLIED PLANTS. club-root I.I (I sriianx dif^cdKC 0/ turnips anil rahhaiji's. llttdly infiilid land is useless for raisini; tlirse criiiis. It w sprrad hy infected seed, infected sredliugs, barnyard manure and farm nuicliinery. It can he -ontrolled by crop rotation, destruction of diseased roots, tlioroii'/h drainaije, and the ipplicutiun of lime. Description of thr Disease. Club-root is a disiiisc of LTuuifiTDii-i plants siicli us tuniii)s, calilmucs, cauliflowers, radislu's, wild mustard, siu'piuTil's purse, and many otliur woods. The disease is (luised by a mioroscopic ortraiiism, which may porsist in sour, undraincd soil for -ovcral years, particularly if tlio al)i)vo plants are (frown continuously. The roots and rootlets infected liy the imrasite become distorted and swooUen to many times their normal size and are iniable to absorb nourishment from the soil, or to transfer the I'ood or water cnllorted by iiealthy roots to the place of storafre. 'Ibis functional failure of the roots starves and stunts the plants. The leaves of diseased plants wilt diiriii;: warm wcitb'T. turn yellow and ultimately die. In the hitter staires of the (liscase, the swoollen roots develop a black, soft rot. In the case of turnips this rot iiuiy contiiau' and dc-trny most of the crop after it has been placed in storage. Damage Caused by the Disease. The injury i-au-cd ly this diseas(> to turnips. cahha(.'es and similar crops is very jrreat. sometimes dcstroyinLT the whole crop. Already the disease has become very -erious in the Maritime Provinces, and many farmers have bad to abandon turnip rai 'nr beca\ise of its ravai;es. It has also been observed in Oiitario and British ( ■ Spread of the Disease. The disease apparentlv came from Europe. It is rcailily introduced into sour. \nidrained or poorly drained soil tiirouKh the use of infected seed, infected cabbape seedlings, or infected manure. Once established in a field ii readily spreads to other tields by means of the above apents and in addition, tlironsh soil carried on farm machinery, on the feet of animals, throufrh the droppings of animals fed on diseased roots and by wash-water carrying soil from infected fields to healthy fields. It doe- not establish itself on well drained alkaline soil, but the excessive use of acid fertilizer- mav leave the soil liable to infection. PREVENTION AND C0NTR3I. The disease is oombatei\ry to feed diseased turnips ,0 bushels (approxi- mately .'. tons) of crushed limotone per acre will be s\itiieient. It is essential that the lime be added ininiediately after the diseased cn.p has b.-en harvested arid a period of tiiree or four years allowed to elapse before turuips or cabbaires are again planted. Smaller or larger (juantities may be added later on according to the lime requirements of the .soil. -Vs lime does not readily becomi^ ditTn-ed throUL'li the -oil, it should be thoroughly ineoriiorated into the soil to a depth of from six to nine inches by thonnigh .•iiltivation; otherwise its full beiietit cannot be seeuretl. Where the disease is likely to occur on acid soil, it -Imuld be c<.nibatcd or its I>..->ible attack "frustrated, by the application of lin.. ; and wlicn or,-urriiiLr on nnii-nenl ^oil. thorough drainage and improved physical soil conditions are advisable. It might also be pointed out that where such large nnio\ints of lime have been rpplicd. it is advisable to add larger quantities of bariiyanl manure or other hum.ites. as the lime has a tendency to deiilete the soil of its oi-j-anic matter. . Ui "1 i • , ! I i i , U! -II f 1^ Published by authority of Hon, MARTIN BURRELL, Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont_ M