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Hi. bonaat knw' wnaabiucatadtoU; And ■umnrini all the bloaalogt Ood baa giTCB, Put np bia pairiarcfaal prajrer to Hearen, That when bb boaea ahail iwra rapooe ia peace, The aeloaa of hia kmre mar MHI iasraaia, AnJ o'«r a land wbera 1^ baa ample raem, la health and plenty iDnoeaallr bloom. D*H|btful land, In wttdaeaa ev'o bontea. The gforiooa part la onn, the Aitttra tliiie t At in a cradled Barculeo, we trace The linaa of empire in thine Infant fMe. What nallant la thr wide bortMa'a apan, Shall teem oa traeha nntroddao yet bj man I Go ibrtb and pniapar, then, empnaiag band : Nay Be, who in the hollow of Hia hand Theoeeaa hoMa. and mlea the whiriwlnd'a aweep, Auaage ita wrath, and guide yon on the deep I CaMraaiA. Tl*a«a*f f)«i«a4K ■b«7> V tkay plaauM, aapsaaaa ihaMaaalTca Cvmn •■■{•■a mt Bar Wai|aa>y , ■■< wha«era» they pleaaa ta *» a*, act • ■WMP^ will M dMiwa, mm% a trlmiar vrlll ka palla4 •■ mm* pan, far tka I ar pvaraaaac Ihaaa^Ttaaa, Loadoa, Kor. It, MM. ii^ TOKONTO: ramTBD akd pomjbhbd by tbb oompilbr, at thr oppiob op tbr WBBKLT MBBBMIB, KIVO 8TBBBT BAST. TkH* Oallara par HanM|tw«. Miaale Oaplaa, ViT« Caata. ria JWrit JiMaa ^. n WHO RULES CANADA. VMlft DflWKOlN isV VNttC OMOWIN- B»efy »c» of thaw QovernineiiU. wb«lh«r legU- btlv* »r esecntive, ii done in tho nam* and by the ••tboiity of the BoTarelgB t bance tba honoar oi iba Crown, whicb it ia of tba hifhait importanca to tba wbolo Bmpire to maiDtaia animpairad, maat not ba eomproniiMd by any iqjaatioa or violation ol good faith, which it baa lliapow er t.i pravaot, btlng com. Blttad by the local anthoriiiea, ^ . .. , It ia therefore the duty of thoaa by whom the Im- perial Govamneot ii condnelad, and to whom, aa the reaponiibia aervanta of the Crown, ita honoor ia en- troatcd, to take care that tbia honoar doea not anifer by the Soverelgn'a being made ■ party to proceed- inca involving a departnra from the moat icrapqlooi Joatice and laith tuwarda individoali, or towarda par- ticalarclaaaet of the iohabitanii of any of oar Colrn- iaa."^£ar< Ortf't Colonial Policy. Vol. 1, p. ««. ly In 1833, (he Finance Cnmmiltet' in Ai- lemlily, (be Guardian* of lli« Public Piirie, in Upper Canada, were, Cbairraan, the Poitmaitfr of Nefion, then a government contractor ; the Oolleclor of Ouitnma at Port Daltiouiie and P<»t- matter at St. Oatharinei ; tl«c Postmaater at Nt-w- market ; ibe Attorney General ; iho Solicitor General ; Lawyer Sampson ; and Wm. Morrii ! Tbia wai vriy liku to 18&6, '57, and 'SO. One year a dying man wan mnd« Chairman, and the Committee never met ; auullier year, ihpufliciala, who apent Ibe money, pretended to audit iheir own receipts and expenditures! GALT de ROSS'B PATCHWORK. [> The, Calkkdar is calculated for TORONTO Otclis.— Golden Number (or cycle of the moon, period 19 years). 18.— Bpact (excess of tolar over lunar veai), 7 —Solar Cycle (28 year*), SI.— Dominical Lcltirs denote Sabbalhs, A G.— Roman Indiclion (ii cycle of la ^eart), 3. —Julian period, 6573.— 5620ih year since Cre- ation, Jewish account. TiMPKiiATURK AT ToROHTO —Monthly moan temperature on an average of 19 years, to 1858, inciasive (Fahrenheit's ibermomeler).— January, 23° 58..-Februaiy, 22° 66.— March, 29° 75.— Aptil, 41° 08— May. 51° 18.— Juno, 61° 43.— July, 67° 07.— August, 66° 10.— September, 58° 13.— October, 45° 39.— November. 36° 49 — December, 2C° 39.— Mean temperature of 1858, 44° 74. Latitudi, Sic. — Toronto is in latitude 43° 3&'.4 North. Longitude, 79° 23'.2 West, or 5 hours, 17 minnles, 33 seconds Slow of Greenwich Time. Elevation above Lake Ontario, 108 feet ; above the Sea, 342 feet. The timet of the Suit's Bisino and SiTTiaa •re given fur the npper limb, and correcttd for refi action. The Meoa't Hisiko it given from full to change, and her aetting from change to full, OtD Aim Nxw Sttli.- The Julian year wat 11m. lU. too long, or a day in 129 year*. In Britain 1752, eleven days were omitted- the 3rd of Bept. was called the i4lh. To reduce old ttflainto new, from Sept. 1752 to 29 Feb. 1790. add 10 days; from March 1, 1790, to 29 Feb. 1800, add 11 days, and from thanae to 1 March 1900, add 13 days. lAaBRKviATiuM* ~D. M-, D»7 of Month.— D. W., Day of Week.— D. Y., Day of Tear.— Moon B. or S., Moon's riaing or aetting. A RUVAL XKPIUia.110. Meun. Galt, Cartibr, Md John RoM. being then in London, addroatrd Seo'j. Sir Bnlwnr LyUon, Oct. S3, 1858, in fkror of a rival federation« dependent on Britaia, and yet intended aa a rival to the Unit«d Slates. Thia, thev did, beoauso OoTernor Head, with the advioa of hia Counoil. had re- solved that a diioussion of thi* qaestion \tj delrgatea, was desiiabla. It isqnita prob- able that sadi • Union wtald iminadutely be merged in that of the great republic; bat Mpssrs. Gait dec. advise the oonfederation of all the North American colonies, in order "to oonvtilute a dependency of the empire, " valnable in time of peace, and powcrnil *' [againat the U. S. j in the event ol wm*. " forever removing the fear that these ool- "onies may ultimately serve to swell die " power of [the U. S.j another nation." Mr. Gait waa earnest for annexation In 1849. aa waa Mr. Cartier in 1838. Mr. Roaa's lea^binKs in '38 were not very dif- ferent. Mr. MoGee in 1856 wanted the Catholic Irith to leave their homea in the U. S. and settle in Canada, ao aa to cive the Pope and Cardinals another Irelana here : with Ilka views he lectured last year in favor ofafederal union ofall the colouiea. as far away aa Halifax. [Extract from Messrs. Gait, Cartier & Roaa'>< 'etter | to Sir E. B. Lytlon.] Very grave ditUcaHies now present themseWea in ' conducting the Guvemmerit of Canada, in such a man- ner as to slew doe regard to the wishes ofita iiOBi- eroaa population, ■ * ■ Claims are now made on be- half ol It* I Western C^nada'al iohabitanta for | giving them representation in the Legiilatorein pao- portion to their nambert, which claims involving, it la believed, a moat aerioua interference with the Erinciplea v^oa which the Union waa baaed, have een and are strennoatly reaiated by Lower Canada' The result i* ibewn by an agitation fraught with ^eat danger to the peaceful and barmoniona work logofouroonstitational ayatem. and conaeqaendy detrimental to the progreaa of the Province. ?ha necessity of prdviding a remedy for attAte of thingi that ia yearly becoming worte,and o( allaying feelings that are being daily aggravated by tba oootentionof Solltical partiea,haaimpresaad the adviaars of Har iRjeau'a repreaantative in Canada, with the import- ance of seeking for ancb a mode of dealing with tbete diUcoltica as may lor ever remove them. * * * * They ore aatiaflad that the time baa ar- rived fcr a constitutional diacnssion of all weaat wheroby tbeeviliof internaldisaeoaioD maybe avoU. ed in aooh an impmtant dependenoy ofthe Bmpir* aa Canada. ^________^__ ,i [From. Ike Prueott Tthgropk, Ott, '4>.] ,, The [annazatior] address apaaka for itaelC andwsl moat confeai we never saw ao many plain, ineoaUb- 1 vertible facta put in to small a compaaa. Tbay arel naked trath.' tMd to na in plain language. AMmgt Depth of Raun and Melted Snew, mnAI monik ef 1860, «a inuMn mi d^emal».—i%KMxj\ 3 813.— February, 2.862.— .March, 3.320.-'-Apnl,l 2,79C.— May. 3 309.— June. 3.151.— July. 3.536.1 — Angatt; 9.867.— September. 4.I3I.— OetabarJ 2.748.- November, 3.3StS —December. 3.019. ^'~.X «1 BEMABKABLE EVENTS. I JANUARY AND FEBBUABT. [4 ihn Bom, >d Bao'y. , in ftvte s Britaia. le United , Qovernor lil, had r«- aeation by nita prob- mncduMty )ublio;bnt ifederation IB, in order he empini J powrrrol Biit ol war. t tUo«e ool- > swell the lation." nexBtion In 1838. Mr. )t very dif- wanted the jmns in the ■ to give the reland here s year in favor louieB, ai f»r & Rom'-' '«««' I It themieWei in i.inMchaman- ihes of iU HUB- low made on be- , iDhibitanta fct 1 giiUtnreinpfo- . mi involviDg. it irence with tbe »M baiedi hava Lower Canada' m fraoght with | •rmonionawort i id contaqnenUy Province. ^?he aiUteofthinyi allaying reeling! I the contention oM ■dviaera of Her I , with tbe imiMtt- nf dealing with 'emove them. l tbe tine huar-l on of all meww lioBmaybeaTMOl oy of the Vai^«| iforitaelCandwel ly plain, incoatw I npkia. They are I igaige. ^tUed BnMt, «««*l Mia/« — Janoan.l h. 2.320.-^pW'l 51..-Julyt ••""•I 4.131.— Oa"**'! •mber. 3.019. ■ JANUARV. 1860. (teead WbUtr Mtnlk > Mooa'a PHA»a.— Q Fall Moon, Jan. •lb, lOb. Sm. mor, i A Laat daartar, lUh. lb 40ai. mor.; 9 Naw Meea, 9>d, 6b. Mm. •r. s O Viral (UarUr, 30th & 3 lit, lib. &3m. av. 1 9 S 4 5 « r 6 g 10 II IS 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 to 31 3 93 94 95 26 97 28 90 30 31 Day of Weak. SUNDAY . Monday... Tueiday .. WadDeaday Thnridey . Friday.... Saturday . SUNDAY . Monday... Taeiday .. Wedneiiday Tbiiraday . Friday Satoruay . SUNDAY . Monday... Tuesday .. WednoidHy Tburiday ' Friday... Saturday. b'JNDAY Monday.. Tueaday . Wfdnrtilay Tliiirsday Friday... Salnrduy. SUNDAY Monday , Tiwddnv m 33 34 35 30 37 i 37 38 39 40 3117 19 5 0!) I 42 4 43 4 44 4 45 4 4« 4 48 4 49 SO 52 .53 54 55 57 58 50 01 02 ,-) 03 5 04 5 Ofi 5 (>8 Mooa R.orA k M II 1 12 2 20 3 31 4 43 5 52 RiRe> 4 47 6 09 7 32 8 :>3 10 10 11 27 Morn 40 1 54 3 06 4 14 5 14 (i 05 6 48 8et> 5 48 6 51 7 54 8 55 9 57 10 59 Mo 05 1 12 EVENTS— Ja*. & F». Jan. 1,1801. Union, Britain with [reland. 91, 1793. Unii XVI. of France beheaded. 22, BcLirii or Sua (Annu- lar), uiTJiible in Canada. 30, 1649. OhaHpi 1. of Bhr. land, behi'nded. — 1689, hi* MD Jamei depoarid. Feb. 6, BcLiPti op Moon, viaible in Canada, from 6h. 4Sni. to lib. 40iu. at at night. 8, 1649. Bngliih nation de cree a republic and abo- liih the Honie of Lord*. —1849, National Aiiem- biy, Ri.me, proclaim a Republic, which Bona- pane and the Aoatriani unite to cruih. 11. 1733. Washington bi rn. 20, 1855. Jiiteph Hume died, nfred 78. '!2, Ash WcDNKinAT. 26, 1848. French nation again derree a rrpu'ilic Lord Drrbt. — On 2nd of Mar, 1828, in the House of Oonimoiis. ho drvlurcd, that llie injustice ami op> prrssion of liis order in the war of the American revo- lution, met deserved de- feat ; that America had justice on its side ; tliat the Canadas when inde- pendent woi'ld, he hoped, continue their friondsliip with Bni'lnirl. FEBRUARY, 1800. (nird maMrMmfA.) ■I' MooN'i Phairs.— O Full Ueao Feb. Sib, 9h. 17m. av. ; A Laat Uoarlar, I3ih, Ih. 33m. ev. {m New Moon, Slit. 9b, 91m. ev. ; f) Ficat aoarter, S9th, 8b. 3Tm. er. P. Day of t 1 1 M... Week s 1 a ■Lert. 6 d a K k m k m 1 Wednesday 32 7 17 5 11 993 2 Tlinrsday . 33 7 16 5 12! 93S 3 Friday ... 34 7 15 5 13 4 3« 4 Saturday . i5 7 14 5 14 S 31 ft SUNDAY . 36 7 13 :> 15 Riiea 6 Moiiduy.. . 37 7 11 5 17 5 00 7 T'leMJuy .. 38 7 10 5 18 6 24 8 Wednesday 39 7 Oft 5 10 7 48 9 Thursday . 40 7 07 5 21 05 10 Friday ... 41 7 06 5 23 10 23 11 Sntindny . 4i! 7 05 5 24 11 40 12 SUNDAY . 43 7 04 5 25 Mom 13 Monday , . . 44 7 02 5 26 54 14 Tuesday .. 45 7 0(1 5 28 2 04 15 Wednesday 4K 59 5 2!» 3 09 16 Thursday . 47 6 58 5 30 1 03 17 Friday ... 48 6 5li 5 32 4 48 18 Saturday . 49 6 5.'. 5 33 5 24 19 SUNDAY . 50 fi .53 5 35 5 54 iO Monday... 51 6 5'J 5 36 Sett illTufBiltiy .. i'J 6 50 ) 38 5 44 12 Wednesiluy .)3 6 49 :> 39 6 48 •:l Tliiii'iday . .■>4 6 48 5 4(1 7 49 U Friday ... 55 U 4() > 41 8 51 25 Salnrdav.. ■iti K 44 •. 42 9 55 !(■> SUNDAY . 57 6 43 5 43 11 00 17 Monday.. . ■8 6 41 5 4i Morn 1, Tuesday .. 5!) fi 39 5 47 07 Ij!) Wpdiipudiiv 60 f, :i8 5 48 ExECUTivR Council. Dec. 1859.— At- torney G(: 55 5 53 5 ,VJ 5 50 8815 48 89|5 4<> !)0I5 44 91 5 42 49 50 52 53 55 56 57 58 59 G 00 6 03 03 G 04 li 05 G 07 G 08 09 lU 13 m 14 15 1(! 17 10 20 6 21 6 22 G 24 I. 25 6 20 Mooa Itorfl. h 2 22 3 19 4 06 4 it Riiier 5 12 33 7 55 15 10 34 11 4» Morn 57 1 57 2 4S 3 26 3 5« 4 32 4 44 Sfti 5 41 G 43 7 47 8 52 9 50 11 07 MurD IS 1 12 2 01 2 44 BVBNT8— MiHCH ftAraiL March I, St. Datid. 17, St. I'ATaioK. 17, 1780. Rev. Dr. Thoma* Anartar, llih, ah. 17m, Cbalmeri bora. 23, 1801. liabaai Oorpua and rufkt to trial by Jury alMiiialied io United King> dom for 8 yean I 33, Ladt Dat. 30, 1798 Ireland proclaim'd ai being in reballioo. April 8. BliTKR SUNDAT. 13, 1797. nrititb Obanntl Fleet Mutiny. 14, 1713. England wrviii from ta« Scotch tlie alec* lion of their clergy, and givei it to partizani, fa- voritei. See. 16,1746. Battle of Oulloden. 24, 1690. A Scotch Pariia- ment enduwi par. ichooU. 25, 1599. O. Cromwell born. War, Khanci with Eno LAND. — The people of the two countries appear to be very hostile, especially those of France. Lout* Bonaparte, however, ex- plained at Paris, when he nad hailed in his career of Italian victories, that be perceived that had lie gone on he would have had Europe to contend with. Therefore it ii that a war with Britain is nostponed. A ciiiitest with Europe would be inconvenient to encounter. A PHIL, li«0. Mmn'i Pnaiii.— Q Vail Mom, April Mb, 4b. 4«n. •▼. i ^ tm Moon, tilt, Ob. Mm. mor. CUartar, Sttb, tb. Itm. mor. Day wf Waak. SUNDAY. Monday.. Tuaaday . Wadiiea'y Thursday Friday... Saturday. SUNDAY. Monday.. Tuesday . Wednaa'y. Thursday. Friday... Saturday. SUNDAY. Monday.. Tuesday . Weduea'y. Thursday. Friday... Saturday. SUNDAY. Monday.. Tuesday . Wednea'y. Thursday. Friday. .. Saturday,. SUNDAY. Monday T or.; © or. J If aw Fliat 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 tl4 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 m 41 39 37 35 34 31 30 20 a 27 5 24 5 23 5 22 S 20 B.ar8. e 37 38 A 20 6 31 8 33 33 6 34 6 35 6 36 38 6 39 6 40 41 ^3 44 45 G 4(i « 47 6 4^ SO G 51 6 52 6 53 6 54 G 56 6 67 a 68 6 59 7 09 7 01 3 47 Riaea 9 84 6 4« 8 04 9 34 10 37 11 43 Morn 38 1 82 1 50 3 86 3 49 3 10 3 39 8«ta 5 37 6 42 7 60 8 58 10 04 11 06 11 59 Mora 42 1 18 1 48 3 14 FodT Office Canada.— Letters posted in Canada to Nova Scotia or New Brunswick pay 5 cents per half ounce, and may be paid by sender or receiver. If posted in Canada and prepaid, sunie rates. But if notpiepaid the rate is 7 cts. per half oance. The wia- dom of government is seen in the fact, that if anybody in 'Toronto mail a i ivz. letter for Yorkville, not prepaid, the receiver is charg- ed 7 cents— but if ne mail 1,200 miles off. say to Halifax the raceiver pays but 5 cents. Lettera for Britain, from Canada, are charged 12 cents extra if not prepaid. Letters to the United States (except Oregon or California — 15 cti.) pay JO cts. per I oz. —so that when a man sending an ounce let- ter from Chippawa to BnffiEtlo is charged 20 cents, a Bnffaionian mav forward the same onnce letter to New Orleans, prepaid, for six cents. Letters between Canada and the U, S. may or may not be prepaid. One lb. parcels are carried by the postal department at 25 centa. — ijetters with money are registered, if to places in Caiuida, for 2 cents.— Printed misoaUaaeoua matter is carried for a cent per ounce. Weekljr newspapers pay 6i centa (nearl/ 4d) par quarter, or in like proportion for any 10, 80, 30, or other number of papen, sajr I a eeat each. — Postage stamps are aold by poatmafc ters, and form a good remittance tor small snmH. — Orders for money cf one offioa upon another are given between SOO officec— at 6 oenU for f 10— 10 cts. (10 to 20—15 oU. for $2l> to 30, and so on, up to (100. Patents. — The feea in England on a patent (and another bill of fees for Soetland) are, by stamp, petition $24,— record of no- tice 124,— warrrant of law oflSoer 24,— speoifioationa $24,— on patdat, before 4th year $244,/-on do. before 8th year $487.— notice of objections $10.— app disclaimer $24, «tc. Hera and in the BUtea $20 to SO la the whole coat. The Britlah fees are an* juat. ._.»_:. V- l« R.orB. 7) MAY AND JUNE— EVENTS. | GREELEY ON ANWEXATIOy [g MAY. I860. llooR'i Piiitii-— O fall Moon, M*y Bih, lb. 49b. mor Qoirtcr, llth, Ih. 89b llooo, lOih, lb. Mb. c .. QntUt, 97th, 9h. itm. av Jail llaoa, BOM (1 LmI D. •«.) Jj^New •▼•; V rini Day of W«ek. 1 S 3 i & 6 7 H » 10 11 IS 13 14 19 16 17 18 19 SO 21 S2 i23 24 95 26 27 28 29 30 31 Taetday ■ WtdoM'y. Thund«y. Frldny... Stlurday.. SUNDAY. .Monday.. Taetday . Wednei'y- Tbunday. Friday... Saturday. SUNDAY. Mouday.. Ttteiday . Wadnei'y. Thuraday. Fridsy... Saturday. SUNDAY. Monday.. Tuaiday . Wednaa'y. Tbunday. Friday... Saturday. SUNDAY. Monday . . Tuesday 1 Wediiea'y. Thiiriday, 12? 193 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 133 13C 137 138 130 140 141 142 143 144 143 146 147 148 149 ISO 151 T 51 30 49 48 46 44 43 42 41 40 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 27 27 26 25 24 4 23 4 23 4 22 4 21 I s ca 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 32 33 Hooa ItorB, 31 01 BVBNT8— MATftJvNi. May 1, 1707. Union of Bng land ami SaoUtndl. 9, 1821. Bonaparia diad. 7, 1689. Iriih Pariiamaat JUN M, in„o. firttammtr Monlh. lano Jid, lib, I9m. Bor.) A Laii Ooartor, llib, Th. 47b. mor.im Naw Moon, l»th, Ob. «ra. mor. i ^Flnt met. Declared 2,000 Pro- ttaaitar, 9Mh, Th. iSm ev tettant paan and h 2 3 3 27 Rite* 8 14 9 23 10 24 11 14 Murn 03 24 50 1 12 1 33 1 51 2 09 2 31 2 53 3 20 Set! 8 58 9 54 10 42 11 19 11 50 Main 17 42 ^ cool moneri to ba faitora, and forfeited their ettatee un- l«a« they aiirreodered I 18, 1855. Mackenxie moves lu provide for repeal of Union, V. with L.O.— lust. 20 til 54; U. C. vote*, ayes, 6 ; noes, 24. 23, 1798. Qeoeral revolt in Ireland. 24, 1819. QuiiN VioTosiA bom. 27, Wuitsundat. June 1, 1789. French Legiii- lature abolish Tithes, and forfeit for public uses the vast weslth of the Church of Rome. [ Lower Canada may follow suit.] 7, 1858. Maine ratifies a new law to prohibit the sale of inioiicat'g drinks.— 1832, Reform Bill passed Par- liament. 10, 1800. Pope I'ius exoom- munioates Bonaparte ! 18, ISl.'i. Battle of Waterloo. 18. I83S W. Oubbett died. —1812, U a. declare war against Britain. I 05 24, MiusDimcR. 1 28 25,1314. Battle of Baamick- 1 54 burn. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 30 31 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 m Day of Week. Friduy, Saturday. SUNDAY. Monday Tuesday Wedncs'y. Thursday. Friday... 3aturuay. SUNDAY Monday., Tuesday . Wednes'y. Thursday. Friday . . . Saturtlny,. SUNDAiY. Monday.. Tuesday . Wednes'y. Thursday. Friday... Sntiirday, SUNDAY Monday.. Tuesday . Wednes'y. Thursday. Friday... Saturday. British Tambs. Every agreement(atamp) 60 to 100 oentfl.— Leases (£85 to 50) stamp tl .24.— Promissory note for £100 to £200, half dollar stamp. — Apprentices* Indentures where fee is under £30, 95, by stamp. — A £100 protest (note) stamp $1.25.— Power of attorney $7.50, stamp.— Bond and mortoage stamp for £151, $1.26.— Special Mar- riage Licence, stamp $24 [bnt in Upper Canada $6 to $8,]— License for a Banker $144_PedIar $17 or with horse $38.— Beer Hotise License $15.— On property and in- come per £. 10 cents.— On succeeding to estates or property $5 to $48 on the Talue per £100. — Duty on Homes or Stores per £ of rent 12 to 19 cents.— Legacy tax $5 to $48 per £100.— Erery male serrant if 18. $5,— nnder 18, $21.— Erery Dos $2.40.— On Horses let to hire $36 to $340 a year. Ever^ riding or carriage Horse $5. — Carriage, 4 wheels, drawn dj horses $17,— Stages, yearly $15. 133 154 155 156 157 158 15!) 160 161 162 163 161 le.-i 106 167 16 IU» 170 171 172 173 174 17.'; 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 A m 4 SI 4 21 4 20 20 m 34 35 36 36 7 38 39 39 40 40 40 41 42 42 42 43 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 45 45 7 45 7 45 7 44 7 44 Moon R.or8. h m 3 26 3 02 Rises 9 03 9 47 10 22 10 51 11 14 11 35 11 35, Morn 33 35 1 19 1 SO 2 29 3 18 Sets 8 35 9 19 9 32 10 20 10 49 U 10 11 33 11 98 Morn 28 1 09 1 42 From tki tf. r. TribuHt, ISth Ftb., leSO. A correspondent lately desired our opin- ion of the project of Keoiprocal Free Trade (in certain staples) with the Canodas. coup- led with the concession to us of the Free Navigation of the St. Lawrence. Our reply is, that we are in favor of this and muon more— in due time. That time is to be de- termined in the first place by Canada, next by Great Britain. They two concurring, it will then be our country 's turn, and our voice will pretty certainly b« raised in favor of per- fect Beciprooity with Canada and free inter- course, not in a few specified articles alone but m every thing— Reciprocity offensive and defensive. At present, we wait our torn.* • • Whenever there shall be an American castom-house at Quebec, superseding and abolishinetwo lines of revenue officers from Madawaska to Sault Ste Marie, we shall be heartily in favor of Beciprooity with the CaaadM— thoroBgh Beciprooity." YM V \'' M "'/liftf"" " 9] EVKNT8. JULY. t QOVEBNOB HEAP'S 7n YEAB .{lo JULY, 186 0. tHtni Simmtr MratA. Mood's PNitm.— O ''"O Mqob, Jaly taH, I Oh. SOm. ov. i (h tut aMrtor, 1 1 Ih. Ob. 4I111. mor.) ■ New Moon, nth, »h. OSm. mor, I fl^rint Auirttr, *Sth, Ub. >3u. nor. KVBNTS — July ft Avovn. ai Dtyof t i I Mooa "8 Wook. e J a aorl. *^ k m k m k m 1 SUNDAY. 183 4 23 7 4'i 6 aa 1 .Mondiij.. 184 4 23 7 4.) 7 43 > rueiJay . 18) 4 24 7 44 8 21 4 WoJnec'y. m 4 24 T 44 8 51 » Thuriday . 187 4 2.'> T 43 9 17 6 Fridav... 188 4 26 7 43 9 3S r dHliirdiy. 189 4 27 7 43 9 5t 8 dUNDAY. 19U 4 27 7 43 10 17 9 Monday.. 191 4 28 7 42 to 35 10 ruatduy . 19S 4 28 7 42 10 58 11 Wednt-t'y. 193 4 29 7 41 11 19 IS Thuriday. 194 4 30 7 40 U 47 13 Kriday... 19.> 4 31 7 39 Mom 14 Sutiirdav. 196 4 32 7 39 21 l.^ SUNDAY. 197 4 33 7 39 1 06 Ifi \1oiiday.. 198 4 34 7 38 2 01 17 riietday . 190 4 ■*' r 37 Heia 18 Wediies'y. .'00 4 3.0 7 37 7 50 19 riiundav .'01 4 3(1 7 3() 8 23 2(1 Kriday... 202 1 37 7 3.^ 8 48 21 Salurduy.. 0i»3 4 38 T 34 9 14 2-2 SUNDAY. HU 4 39 7 33 9 38 23 VIoiiilay.. 20.i 4 4(1 7 32 10 03 Si riietday . 20(i 1 41 7 31 10 29 %•> VVediies'y. 407 4 42 r 3(1 11 01 96 riinrsday. ','08 > 43 7 2!) 11 41 27 Kriilay.. . 20!) 4 44 7 28 Morn 38 Sntiirdav . 'in 4 4.^ 7 27 27 2U SUNDAY. .'11 4 41. 7 26 1 23 30 VIoiiilay.. !I2 4 47 7 2.') 3 34 3 31 31 riiH(i '<- ' tute requiring their re-elec- tion, and getting rid of 10 opponents in the legislature. )^j This series of shameful acts , were approved by Sir Lvt- t ton Bulwer, and by Her "'' MrOesty and Cabinet, and 3" Sir (C. WRS continued I 31 I AUGUST, 1880. I TIM tmmm Mintk. Moor's Phasm.— Q Fall Aug. 1, Ob. l«as.ev. 1 (| Laal Qaar., tth, 4h. am. ev, 1 (■ New Moon, IliK Sh. Sm. av. I A Flrat Qaw., tSd, Th. 3>m. mor.i 0F.M., Slat, 3h.40!a.i Day of Week. Wednee'y. Thursday- Friday.. - Saturday.. SUNDAY. .Monday.. Tuesday . Wadnes'y. Thursday. Friday... Saturday. .SUNDAY. .Monday.. Tueaday . Wodnos'y. Thursday. Friday... Saturday.. SUNDAY. .Mnndny.. Tuesday . Wediit's'y Thursday. Friday.. . Siiiurday.. SUNDAY. .Monday.. Tiieiday . VVednes'y. Thursday Friday.. 914 315 318 k m 4 49 4 01 S3 317 4 53 318 4 84 318 9il0 331 333 331 394 325 390 997 238 339 230 331 233 233 234 33.1 336 337 238 339 240 341 343 243 I344 4 55 4 56 4 57 4 58 4 59 5 00 5 01 t 03 ^ 04 S 05 h 06 5 07 5 8 5 09 -. 10 -. 15 -> 13 -> 14 5 15 1 16 > 17 5 18 5 19 •t 90 5 91 93 4 m 7 93 7 91 7 30 18 18 17 15 13 IS II 10 08 07 05 03 03 01 59 57 56 5' 53 51 49 48 46 6 44 fl 43 8 41 6 39 6 37 Maaa B.artl k m Ri*ea 7 44 S M StS S 09 84 88 • 41 10 IS 10 87 11 48 .Mora 48 1 57 3 14 S«U 7 14 7 30 8 OS 8 33 03 39 10 38 11 71 .Mom 17 1 31 9 98 3 33 4 36 5 .18 -^oguit 1, BcLlPSK OP Moon, partial— invisible in Canaila. 4, 1789. France abolishe* feudal system, serfdom, seignorlsl powers, and sale of offlues, and per- mits all citiiena to be candidates for office. 14, 1437. Printing invented. 16, 1810. Peterloo massacre. IT, I8S9. Napoleon's general and political amnesty. 83, Frsnce decrees freedom of opinion, ^ r.il '.nnishe> 40,000 priests who had endeavore,: i'> •t^i'^vort the republic. (4, 1573. Massacre of St. Bartholomow. 31, U:88. Honest John Hnnyan died. "Bir E. Walker Head's Tth Year. HER Majesty's agnnt entered the 7th year of his unhappy 'prenticeihip to thrones nnd oniony coyerning, in Den. 1850. At the close of 186(), let us hope, that with seven times $:)2,'X)0, the three castles, free serving men, the pew, many perquisites (some of them rather equivooal,) becret service money, and a family niggardlineis that would be quite commendablM in a niler of Illinois, at $1000 a year and no stealings. Sir. W. H., will be enabled to sell off old liveries (like Lord E.) with the worn oak furniture, and to earn public gratitude bj disappearing from our midst, like other transients, to Livn in Dritaia on a scale equally imposing with the turn out of Sir Francis, of drill-beggar memory. Or, bet- ter still, he might get sent to India to squeeae Britain's slaves (here, as a tax col- lector. His salary alome — voted in London by the British Parliament long before it was raised by taxation in Canada I — gives him an income of more than Four Dollars an hour for every hour of every week day, summer and winter, since he immigrated to Qupbeo in 1854— counting SOU working days of 24 hours each to the year. What has he done for it T Feathered his nest ! Impoverislud Canada!! -"W kn .[10 lao. fall Mmb. 4Mt Our.. Moon. Klh, ir.,n4.Th. lh.409i.Mr. Ill EVENTS. COLLEGES. I BROUOF\M ON CANADA. 18 k J 93 91 90 19 R«9f^ 18 17 \tt 13 19 II in 08 07 05 03 O'J 01 59 87 5(i 9' 53 51 •* 49 « 48 li 4(i a 44 '^ 43 « 41 (5 3!) (i 37 k M Ri*M 7 44 8 n 8 93 8 09 9 84 9 93 9 41 10 18 10 87 11 48 Morn 48 1 57 3 14 Sou 7 14 7 39 8 OS 8 33 9 03 9 39 10 28 It 71 Morn 17 1 21 S S6 3 33 4 38 I f> 38 ggardlineM t in a niler 10 Btealinga, ■ell off old i« worn oak {tntitade hj like other on a soale out of Sir >. Or. bet- to India to &« a tai oot- id in LondoD jefuie it was gives liim an lUrs an hour lay. sa miner d to Qiipbeo X dnys of 24 hnd he done inpoveriahad SlfTEMBBR. 188 Wint Htt JTmnA, MooR'i Pn*(I(.— (i L*«t aoor,, ••pi. Itb, Bh. 4Bia. niur ; A Now Moon, inih, oh. Slm. mor. i A Firci Qoor., aiil. ^h. Tin. nor. i Fall Mood, a9ili, «h. 9*m. ov. Day of Woel. 9 10 II 12 13 14 Ift 16 17 18 19 20 21 2S 23 24 9 26 27 28 ^9 30 gatnriUy.. SUNDAY Moiicloy... TuoMioy... WodiMx'y. Thursday Fridoy Salurditv* sundaV. Mundiiy...^ ruviday., tV«due«'y rhuriday Friday Siturilav. iUNDAY Monday... rueiday ...H262 VVodnea'y. Thursday . Friday jntiirilav.. SUNDAY., Monday. .. Tueiday ... Wodnni'y. Thuriduy.. Friday..... 3atni'day .. ^IINnAY. 34.'> !{4« 447 24S Si49 Si&U 351 253 353 254 36iV 356 •-'57 358 35» 360 361 I T a o 00 94 5 25 5 26 5 l;7 29 30 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 870 271 272 273 274 k m and dare sustain free and eioiiomicnl insti- tutions, and the Tories say England is ready to " let Cniinila so," O T U B R H. 18 6 0. ttfni Fall Mmnh. Moon's pHASKS.-d l.att Qoar., October 7ili, sh. 47ui. bv, ; • Now Moon, 14th, 8h. l')m. mor.i A Flrat Quar., tttii, dh. B.1m. mor. i 'all Moon, tOth, Ih. 39m. av. Day of Week. T Mnnilay ... Tuesday.., Wrdnes'y, Thursday, Frida< 8i rulay iitiirilny .. SUNDAY, Monday.,.. Tuesday .. Wednes'y. Thursdiiy. Fridny .. . Siiliirday ., SUNDAY, .Monday.., Tuesday... Wednes'y, Thursday . Friday Srtiurday . SUNDAY .Monday .. Tuesday.. Wednes'y Thursday Friday 37{SaturdHV. « SUN DAY 29. Monday .. SOTiiesday . 3l|Wediies'v 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 30 31 22 33 24 25 26 275 376 277 378 6 379 280 381 383 28:l 384 285 286 287 288 389 2U0 291 292 933 294 29.'i 296 297 298 299 300 301 303 303 304 305 58 5 59 6 00 03 6 03 6 04 6 05 6 07 6 08 00 10 II 6 13 6 13 6 l.'t 6 16 6 18 6 19 6 20 6 21 6 23 A 24 6 26 87 6 S8 6 £9 6 30 6 31 6 33 6 34 6 35 A Mooa RorS. k 9 3 S6 8 94 8 rs 7 36 8 95 9 94 10 31 11 44 .Mora 1 00 2 19 3 38 5 00 Sets 5 31 6 11 7 01 7 59 93 10 08 11 IS Morn 20 1 23 2 26 3 25 4 27 Rises 4 27 4 58 5 37 CoLLKoes. — A college as deBned in leiicona ia a word of many meanings. In Canada we hate the University of "roronto. — U.C. College.— Queen's Colli«ge. — Toronto School of Medioine. — Viotoria College — Trinity College — MoGill College.- Hiohop's College. — Knox's College.— Belleville Semi- nary.— Congregational Theological Insti- tute — Divinity Hall, U. P. 8i nod — Regio- K'ia College — St. Miohaera College.— val University (and half a docen of the above are Universities, professing to teach all arts and sciences) ; Quebec Seminary ; Normal and Model Schoola. Theae, the grammar and the common schools, with private edueational institutions, and law teachers, are the principal educational nachinery among us. XW Stand op for electing your ralrrs, govtr- nora, iberifls, ioaators, and registrars, perioui aally. " I expect [said Lord Brougham, when opposing the Canada Coercion Bill of 1838, on 18 Jan.. in House of Lords] when all questions of honor are out of date — when ill feelings and resentments are passed by— when all feelingsngoinstthe wrongdoers ar« subsided— when the reign of justice and law is restored— that justice will be tempered with mercy— and all ill-feelings put an end to, towards our brethren aorosa the Atlantio. — 1 hope then our eyes will be opened to the false position we are in with respect to Canada, and that we shall be con- vinced that it has lost us a vast deal more in men, and money, and trade, than it has ever brought us. I say, my Lords, that the loss of Canada as a colony, provided it be peace- ful, will be a gain and an advantage." 17 Contend againtt all political allisaees witb Lower Canada. 17 Uphold the BallM! \\] il' If 181 BAWKfl AND LAW COURTH. NOVEMBER jfc DICgMBEB. [14 NO VK .VI »»■«. »••«• 1 9 -9 4 5 6 7 » 10 li 13 13 14 IS irJ 17 18 19 SO 21 22 S3 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Tburwlny . Krilorn 6 46 6 47 SIS 6 48 316 317 318 319 330 321 t> SO H 53 6 53 5 54 6 55 6 56 323 6 57 333 6 59 324 325 326 .157 328 3307 330 331 333 333 334 4 43 4 43 4 41 4 40 4 38 4 37 4 30 4 3S 4 35 4 34 4 33; i 33 4 31 2!4 nn 3 4 29 BVINTB— Nov'm 4k Did'ii. 3357 U 4 20 28 4 27 4 26 4 26 4 20 4 21 4 21 01 1 17 9 34 3 58 S 13 Beta 4 46 5 41 6 45 7 53 9 01 10 08 11 11 Morn 14 1 15 3 13 3 18 4 31 5 35 RiMt 4 18 5 13 10, 1483. Luibar born; b« finally ravollnl ■galniil |)op«ry. 84. 1573 John Knni diad. 30, Ht. Andriw. Dre'rS. I860. John Brown riiTutml in Va.— 1851, Loiil* Bonaparte (deiiring di'iipolic power), being aidrd by Iha Pope and hia clergy throughout, pity* Juda* to the republio, and •lay* or baniabra thou- ue pat rioti. , 4. 1837. Iniurrection in Ca- nada Wi'il againat the in- tolerable opnretaion of a tyrannical clic|iie of offl- eialf. 5, 1848. King of Praiai* ■woara to uphold a free conititution,but betraya it. 7.1837. Fight near Toronto. The inaurgenta wonted. 14, 1799. Waahington died. 35, CHRiaTMAa: the nativity of .leiua. E7* Contend for the per- Setual abolition of everv uatom House on both iidea of the St. Lawrence, from Quebec to Lake Su- perior; they areaacourge 4 34l 6 lol upon honett induatry. dbobmhik. iieo rtnimmmmmik h m Saturday .3367 14 SUN DAY. 337 7 .Monday ...33817 17 Tueiday 7 8 10 II 18 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 30 31 33 23 14 D«yof Week. 8307 18 4 S4 Wadiiaa'y. 340 T 10 4 IS Tboredny.1417 M4 89 CouRTa OF Law, dec, U. C.—l, Error and Appeal.— 2, Queon'8Benob—3,Coiiiinon PleH (a juniot Q. B. ; serves as an apologT fbr more places for clerks judging meoi dec). _4.Heir and Devisee — 5. ChanceryJ should be merged in the Queen's Bench] .—6, Prac- tice aiid Chambers.— 7, County Courts, 40 or more.— 8 Division Courts, 40 perhaps. 9, Recorders' Courts, say S to 7.— 10 In- solvent Debtors' Courts, 30 or more.— II, Quarter Sessions courts 30 or 40.— Surro- gate Courts, a large number. There are also circuit courts of the Q. B. and Pleas, and, it is raid, of the Chancery— say about 83 of the 1st, twice a year. Baikb im Canada. — 1. Montreal ; 2. Upper Canada; 3, Commercial; 3, City {Montreal) ; 4, Quebec ; 5, Du Pouple Montreal); 6, B. N. America; 7, Ontario; 8, Gore; 9, Toronto; 10, Niagara Dist.; 11, Elgin; 12, Molaon'a; I3,ProTinoM; Fridav.. Saturday . SUNDAY Man lay .. Tueadsy . Wedaea'y Thnraday . Fridav Saturday .. SUNDAY. Monday .. Tiieaday ... Wadnea'y, Tbnraday.. Fridav Saturday .. SUNDAY Monday..., SlTuaaday ... 26 Wednea'y. 17 Thuraday.. 8 Friday .... Saturday SUNDAY. 1 1 Monday 954 350 3607 SS h m 34 18|4 94 4 94 348 7 91 3437 99 B447 93 345 7 94 3487 94 347 7 90 348 7 90 3407 97 350 7 97 351 7 9S 4 94 353 7 98 353 7 99 7 i Htm Lara 4 93 4 93 4 93 4 93 4 99 4 94 4 94 4 94 4 94 4 95 4 95 h m 7 96 S 9i Bl It OS Mora Otl 1 SS 9 » 0» 7 SOU 95 3.157 81 3567 31 357 7 39 3SI>7 99 7 93 4 97 361 363 363 364 365 066 4 95 4 96 4 90 4 27 7 33 4 9» 4 30 7 33 4 30 4 30 4 98 4 33 7 9414 93 4 94 8 SO • 4« 7 49 SOT 50 II 03 Mora 09 1 09 9 OS 9 11 4 16 S91 Biaas 4 09 5 II 95 7 40 8 55 14, Biaotford. These are chartered by sUtute, axoept the Provincial and theElgia. The charters afford a very ali«ht proteotioa to the public, aa the failara of the Interna- tional and Colonial, laat Ootobei, may hava shown. With a aoremment thai oaraa nothing for the pabUo, and a provinoa that cares not to ecouira into banking ayateaa, a general crash will be the first wamint. A 40 million failure, like those of tb« Soottbh Western and another wonid awaka in poverty thoao who fell asleep In wealth. "^ Tba Land ia for the People. Let settlers have free aHotaaents. Their indnatry will enrich Canada. 9* Don't merely talk abnut economy, practise it, and get inititntiona that will oheok knavea and adventurera, wbaa fee l e f rew Bnrope cbooae snoh. IV Baoourage Fro* Bdncation— frco scbaols. Dewrara of tha Pop* and D'Aroy McOce. wba seek to destroy our rro* Schoola. Ml P^j**-'*'"">'^iS£ia(tB^f»-Ji.v<" )k>j^k li] A fRU CONSTITUTION. Oonatit'iUoMAr* not th« work of* dty. Tk« AoMrioan SttUs Mod their btit men to frama a OoMtltatioB raiUbU to iheir wants, tnd if, after tbaj adopt it tfaer* •re defeeto, there if an eaaj remedy. Tho people of New Yet k State roled re- eenilj that their Oonatltution needed no amendment, I was eonitantlj present during iho Convention ihtt framed it, and their address lu the people. Oct. 1846, iUted, that *' In foatteen Artieies. thry havo reoog- nlacd lbs Lrglslaore ; •stsblishsd more lim- Itsd dlitriots Tor the •lectioa of the membere of that body, and wholly eeparated it from the eieroiae of Judiolal power. The most important state offioera have been made eleo- live by the people of the State ; and moat of the offioera of oiliea, towns, and oonnties. are madeeleotive by the Totera of the locality ther lerve. They have abolished a boat of naelesa ofllaes. Thoy have sought at onoo to reduce and deoentmliae the patronage »f the Eieoutive government. Thev have ren- dered inviolate the funda devoted to Educa- tion. After repeated faiiurea in the Legia- latnre, they have provided a Judicial Svstem. adf quate to the wanta of a free people, ra- pidly increaaiog in arte, culture, oominoroc and population. They have made provision for the payment of the whole S^ate Debt, and the cowpletion of the Publio Worka begun. While that debt is in the progress of pay- ment, they have provided a large contribu- tion from the canal revenues towards the ourrnnt expentea of the State, and aufficient for that purpose, when the State Debt shall have been paid; and have placed strong safeguarda against the recurrence of debts and the improvident expenditure of the public monev. They have agreed on im- portant provisions in relation to the mode of ereating incorporations, and the liability of their members ; and have Mnugbt to render the business of banliing more safe and res ■ pousible. They have inoorporated many useful provisions more effeotudliy to secure the people in their rights uf person and property against the abuses ot delegated power. They have modifiud the power of the Legislature, with the dirfct consent of the people, to omend the Coiistitutiun from time to time, and have secured to the people of the State the right onoo in twenty yuurs to paas directly on the question, whether they will call a odnveution for the revision of tho constitution." EN0LI8H VIEWS OP AMERICA. [10 irreai the Timt; Laadea, Jms S, ISIS.) •• America mast one day have fltty times our territory and ten times our psople. Beaidaa receiving year by year from the Old World the popelation of an Eoclish county, it is more thrifty of its born citisenr than we are. It has no armies in India, ds fifty colonies to be garrisoned, no iBmsBse navy in eommission— soaroely even the pre- tense of an Anti-Slave-Trade iouadron. The time must oome when, invincible as we may lie ou our own soil, our own shores, our own seaa, and anywhere on equal terms, we should have to contend with the United Statea ou very unequal terms on their toil, Uuir ikorti, their eeae, and gtmrally in the New World. •'Who are these people, ao unruly, so provooativs, and ao slad to pick a quarrel with ua ? They are those who have alreadY been worsted in the old home quarrels with us. Thf y are a starved out peaaantry, ous- ted tonanU. dispossessed cottiers, the young er sons of younger sons, loft-hsnded work- men, unlucky speculators, disappointed politicians, men ot every class, who have seen and sutTered the worst of the old coun- try, the worst of all being that they inherit our restless, moody, ill-contented nature. It is an old grudge these noisy fellows are working out againat us on American vantage ground. This, then, is rather a social than a political quarrel." •• History (eays the London Quarterly " Review, No. 25,) has no other example of " so happy an isaue to a revolution oon- " sumniated by a long civil war, as that of " the Americans. Indeed, it seems to he " very near a maxim in political philosophy, " that a free government cannot be obtained, " where a long employment of military " force is necessary to establish it. In the "oaso of America, however, the military " power was disarmed by that very influence " which mokes a revolutionary army ao " formidable to liberty ; for the images of " grandeur :13d power — those meteor lights, " which are exhaled in the stormy atmosphere '' of B revolution, to allure the ambitious and " dazzle the weak — made no impression upon " tho firm aud virtuous soul of the American "commander." or Sweep away such IrgiHlation in the British Act ci'euting u Coiiititutioii for Canada in 1840, where tlio public- oiuiiey was voted by alrangeri to iirungfrv, in advance, und (|uorunii of 10 and 30 wvre aitlhorized tu legislate for Huuies of 6& aud 130. tW Simplify our Lawi, and provide fur their iiupurtiiil pnf(ircemeDt. ' i "t II I riiiiiwiiiiliiiriniinicilinfT 17 1 OUR HOME MANUFACTURES ■■•■treat Maaiirat* far a Federal Valoa with the Vaited Mtatrat TO THE PEOPLE OF CANADA. The number and magnitude of the ovili that affect oar oouato'i >i>d the univorial and increaiing de- prsKion of iti material intereats, call npnn all per- ioiii animated by a lincnre deaire for its welfare to oombibe for the purpoie of inquiry and preparation, with a view to the adoption of such rumadiea as a mature and diapaaiiunato inveitigation may suggest. Act Tooithkr ton the Cuuntry. Belonging to all parties, origins and creeds, but yet agreed upon the advantage of rnoperation for the performauctt of a common duty to ourselves and our oountry, growing out of a common necessity, we have consented, in view of a brighter and happier future, to merge in oblivion all past ditfercnces, of whatever character, or attribntabli.' to whatever source. In appcialing to our fellow Colonists to unite with us in this our must reudful duty, wo ■olemoly conjure them, as they ilesire a successful issue and the welfare of their country, to enter upon the task, at this momentous crisis, in the same fra- terual spirit. StATK of the DKrK.NDENtV. The reversal of the ancient policy of Great Britain, whereby she withdrew from the Colonies their wonted protection in her maraets, has produced the most disastrous effects upon Canada. — la surveying the actual cocdition of the country, what but ruin or rapid decay meets the eye! Our provincial Government and Civic Corporations em- oarrassed ; our banking and otlior securities greatly depreciated ; our mercantile and agricultural interests ,9 M M b 53 M b 53 b alike unprosperons ; real estate ncnrcely saleable apon any terms; our unrivalled rivers, lakes, and canals, almost unused; whilst commerce abandons onr shores ; the circulatina capital amassed under a more favorable aystem is dissipated, with none from any quarter to replace it. This, without available capital, unable to effect a loan with foreign States, or with the Mother Country, although offering secu- rity greatly superior to that which readily obtains money both fronc the United States and Oreat Bri- tain, when other than Colonists are the applicants. Crippled, therefore, and checked in the full career of private and public enterprise, this possession of the British Crown— our country — stands before the world in humiliating contrast with its immediate neighbors, exhibiting every symptom of a nation fast sinking to decay. Canada Mancfactores. With superabundant water power, and cheap labor, especially in Lower Canada, we have yet no ,S M M b !? M M i uoraesiic niauutacturcs; nor can the most sanguine. Unless under altered circumstances, anticipate the home growth, or advent from foreign parts, of either capital ut enterprise to embarR lUii-.iii groat source of national wealth. Our institutions, unhappily, have not that impiess of permaneiino which can alone impart security, and inspire contlricnce ; and the Canadian market is too limited to tonipt the torei«n capitalist. Whilst the adjoining States are covered with a network ofthrivinp; Railways, Oaniida posscss.'S but three lines, which. |oi;.-t hcr, scarcely exceed .'lO miles in length, and r^ the stock in two of which is held at a depreciation of from fifty to eighty per cent.— a fatal symptom of the torpor ovnrspreadinL' the land. A FEDERAL UNION. [18 A Ci;nhroC8 and Custlt Uuvkrnmicnt. Onr present form of Provincial Qovernment <• cambroas and ao expensive aa to be iU-ioited to tha circumstanoei of the country; and THE NKOBS- SARY RBFRRBNCE IT DEMANDS TO A DIS- TANT OOVERNMUNT, IMPERFECTLY AO- aU AINTED WITH CANADIAN AFFAIRS AND SOMRWHAT INDIFFERENT TO OUR INTB- RBSTS, IS ANOMALOUS AND IRKSOME. Yet CoifstquENCES or War. in the event of a rupture between two 01 tha moat powerful nations of the world, Canada would beooma the battle-iield and the sufferer, however little har interests might be involved in the eaase ot qoarral or the issue of the contest. Animosities of Factions axd Parties. The bitter animosities of political parties and fac- tions in Canada, often leading to violence, and, upon one occasion, to civil war, seem not to have abated with time ; nor is there, at the present moment, any prospect of diminution or accomodation. The aspect of parties becomes daily more threatening toward! each other, and nnder our existing institutions and relations, little hope is discernable of a peaceful and prospurons ailministration of onr affairs, butdiUcultiaa will, to all appearance, a^cuinnlate until guvernmant becomes impracticable. In this view of nur situa- tion, any course that may promise to efface existing party distinctions and place entirely new istaea before the people, must be fraught with andaniabia advantages. A Transition State— its Results. Among the statesmen of the Mother Country, among the aagacious observeri of the neighboring I Kepublic- in Canada— and in all British NortK I America — amongst all classes, there is a strong I pervading conviction that a political revolution in I this country is at hand. Such forebodings cannot readily be dispelled, and they he.ve, moreover, a tendency to realise the events to which they point. In the meanwhile, serious injury results to Canada from the effect of this anticipation apoc the mora desirable class of settlers, who naturally prefer a country under fixed and permanent forms of goveni> munt to one in a state of transition. HavioR thus adverted to some of the causes of oar present evils, we would consider how far the reraa- dios ordinarily proposed possess sonnd and rational inducements to justify their adoption: — Rnqlano denies us Protection! 1. — " The revival of protection in the marketd of the United Kingdom." Thirty Millions or Customers Wanted! This, if attainable in a sufficient degree, and guaranteed for a long period of years, would ame- liorate tho condition of many of our chief interest!, but the policy of the Empire forbids the anticipation. Besides, it would be but a partial remedy. Tha millions of the Mother Country demand cheap food ; and a second change trnm protection to free trade would complete that ruin which the first have dona much to achieve. a — "The protection of home raanofacturos." Although this might encourage the growth of a manufacturing interest in ('nnada, yet, without ac- cess to the UnitiMl States nmrkct, there would not be a sufficient expansion of that interest, from the want of cousumora, to work any result that conld ba admitted as a "remedy' for the numerous evils of which we complain. Gai.t and Rose on a Federal Union. :i— " A FEDKRAL UNION OF THE BRITISH AMERIG.\N PROVINCES." The advantagoi claimed for that arrangement ara ! Free Trade between tho diff"eront Provincea, and a ii>»ijB«M*-wfi!j,:-^irBj ■ ^^*^ (18 19| FREEDOM. ANNEXATION. diminiibed Ka*ernmental expenditare, The ■tiain •nt of the latter article voold be problematical HOLTON ON UNION SOUTH. [20 . prob ind the beneSti anticipated from the former might b« Mcnred by legialation ander oar eziiting ayitem. The markets of oar Sitter Provincei wenld not beneHt oar trade in timber, for they have a lorploi of that article in their own foreita; and their demand lor agricaltaral prodncti ia too limited tti absorb our meani of supply. Nor could Canada expect any en- Gonragement in her manufacturing industry from those quarters. A Federal Union, therefore, would not be any remedy. A SxrAltATE iNDEPKNDENrE. 4. — "The Independence of the British North American Colonies as a Federal Republic." The consolidation of its new institutions from ele- ments hitherto so discordant — the formation of trea- ties with Foreign Powers — the acquirement of a name and character among the nations — would, we fear, prove an overmatch for the strength of the new Hepoblic. Ami, having regard to the powerful con- federacy of States conterminous with itself, the needful military defences would be too costly to render Independence a boom, whilst it would not any more than a Federnl Union, remove those ob- Btajles which retard our material prosperity. RlCIFHOCAL FllBE TRADE WITH I'. S. 5. — " Ueciprocal Free Trade with the United Statea, as respects the products of the farm, the for- est, and the mine." If obtained, this would yield but an instalment of the many advantages which might be otherwise se- Gored. The free interchange of such products would not introduce manufactures to our country. It woald not give us the North American Continent for our market. It would neither no amend our institu- tions as to confer stability nor insure conKdence in their permanence; nor would it sllay the violence of parties, or, in the slightest degree, remedy many of oar prominent evils. Separation and Annexation. 6. — Of all the remedies that have been suggested for the acknowledjjed and insufferable ills with which onr country is afflicted, there remains but ono tu bu considered. It propounds a sweeping and important change in onr political and social condition insolving considerations which dcinsnd onr most serious ex- amination. THIS REMEDY CONSISTS IN A "FRIENDLY AND PEACEFUI, SEPARATION PROM BRITISH CONNEXION AND A UNI()^ UPON KUi;iTABLE TERMS WITH THE GREAT NORTH AMERICAN CONFEDERACY OP SOVEREKJN STATES. We would premise that towards Oreat Britain we entertain none other than sentiments uf kindness •nd respect. Without her consent we consider Separation as neither practicable nor desirable. But the Culrinial policy of the Parent State, the avowals of her leading Statesmen, the public sentiments of the Empire ; present uninistokeablc and significant indications of the appreciation of Colonial Connection. That it it the resolve of Englaml to invest us with the attributes and compel us to assrmu the burdens of Indepfiidcnce ia no lonircr problematical. The threatened withdrawal of her troops frnm other Colonies — the continuance of her military protection to ourselves only on the condition that wo sliull de- fray the atteiidart expenditure, betoken tntenlions towards our country, against which it is weakness in Ds not to provide. An overrulinpr conviction, then, of its necessity, and a high sense oftheduty we owe to oar country, a duty we can neither disregard nor postpone, impel us ioenterlainthe idea ofSEPARA- TION : and whatever negociatioDS may eventuate with Great Britain, a grateful liberality ou the pert of Canada should marli (very proceeding. Blessikos or Annexation. The proposed Union would render Csnade e FIELD FOR AMERICAN CAPITAL, into which it would enter as freely for the (irotecation of pablie works and private enterprise as into any of the pre- sent States . It would equalise the value of real estate f^" upon both sides of the boundary, thereby probably doubling at once Ihe entire present value of property in Canada, whilst, by giving atability to our institutions and introdi.cing prosperity, it would ra'se our public, corporate, and private credit. GT't would incresse onr commerce both with Ihe United Slates and Foreign Countries, and would not neces- sarily diminish to any great extent our intercourte bMMMMMh with Great Britain, into which our products would for the most part enter on the same terms as at pre- sent. ^^ It would render our rivers and canala the highway for the immigration to, and exports frnm '.he West, to the incalculable benefit of our country. ^p° It wou'd also introduce manufactures into Canada aa rapidly as they have been introduced into the Northern States; and to Lower Canada especi- ally, where wat>>r privilegea and labor are abundant and cheap, ^^ it would attract manufacturing capi- tal, enha.icing the value of prcperty and agricultural produce, and giving remunerative employment to what is at present a comparatively non-producing Manufactures and Customers. population. Nor would the United States merely furnish the capital lor our manufactures, ^p* They would also supply for them the mont extetiMve market in the world. |^F* without thu intervention of a Custom House olticer. Untaxed Tfa, Coffee. 4c. Railways would forthwith be cnnstmcted by American capital as *~'*VJ^" h S3] NOW'B TKE TIliE TO CONSIDER. APPEAL. VO »ttB INHABITANTS OF UPPER CANADA ; uv W. L. MACKENZIE. If Lower Canada, aa in 1837, were now in open insurrection — if a thousand man with twenty pieces of cannon again occupied a 300 acre isle overhanging the Falls and Rapids of the mighty Niagara — if the Habeas Corpus Act were sus- pended, the Legislature abolished, with Courts Martial or Death superceding the ordinary Criminal Tribunals — if Amer- ican Citizens were being crowded into gloomy cells, or on their way to Botany Bay aa convicts, or their bodies dangling on gibbets, or fattening the Canadian aoil, because they had sympathized with a kindred people cruelly oppressed — if enormous pecuniary rewards were being offered for tne apprehension ot our Papin- eaus, Muckenzies, Nelsons, Lounts, ' ^ar- tier8,Rolphs,Morin8,0'Caliaghans, Lloyds and Gibsons — and if trade were paralyzed, confidence destroyed, the Banks paying in paper, and the danger that a kindred race in Europe and America would again measure swords in a long and bloody contest — then would the Canadian public peruse with abiding interest this Lumble essay of mine on the causes of discontent, Why should they not do so now. while [ men's passions are !" tilled, their judgments clear, and their interest lo consider of and adopt the most peaceful and concilatory remedies plain and evident 1 THE TORONTO CONVENTION. [SS4 I would have gone thro* Upper Canada and organized Associations to distribute tracts and pamphlets, and would also have addressed the people wherever I found an audience ; but to leave my avncationa her*), and travel six months, is costly. Nevertheloss I will persevere, so far as I am able, in efforts tn save alike the emi< grant and the native from those difficul- ties with which false guides environ them ; and if I fail, bowed down by contumely, I shall be contented by the remembrance, that as one of England's oldest emigrants I remained faithful to the cause I loved 80 well in youth and shall ever cherish. [band, On Boglanil'i aliorc [sayi Campbell] I itwapeniiTa With lailf unfurl'd for earth's remoter strand, Lik* children parting from a mother, shed Tears fur the home that could not yield them bread : Qrief mark'd each face receding from the »ievr, 'Turas grief tu nature lionorably trnu. And long, poor wand'rcrs n'erth' ecliptio diep. The song that names but home shall bid yon weep j Oft shall yu told your flocks by stars above In that far world, and miss the stars ye love ; Ott, when its tuneless birds scream round forlorn, Kegret the lark that gladdens England's morn, And, giving Kngland's names to distant scenes, '., ; Lament that earth's extension intervenes. <"', That [Jpper Canada is not in a prosperous condition the three first resolutions unanimously agreed to by the Convention which assembled at Toronto on the 9th of Nov. 1859, fully attest. The va ue of the testimony remains in the fact that the Convention con- sisted of about 500 delegates from the several districts, very many of whom were among the most in- fluential of their people. It was, in substance, resolved, (see also resolves verbatim), 1. That the Political Union of the Canadas, under the British Statute of 1840, had failed to rea- lize the anticipations of its pro- moters 2. That said Union had resulted in a Heavy Public Debt ; 3. And in Burthensome Tax- ation : . W*^- '"*^'» ■.vm>^- S31UNI0N WITH L. C. CONDEMNED. 4. And ia Great Political Abuses ; 6. And in Universal Dissatis- faction throughout Upper Canada 6. That it was the matured con- viction or judgment of the Conven- tion, that from or owing to the an- tagonism developed thro' diflerence of origin, local interests, and other cansesT said Legislative Union, in its present form, could no long- er be continued with advantage to the People. 7 But, that while it continues to be maintainpd [l)y the power in Europe which created it], laws affecting Upper Canada only ought not to be passed, sanctioned, and forced upon her population, against the wishes of a majority of their representatives in the Legisla. ture. The same as to Lower Canada. 8. That what is called the Dou- ble Majority would JifTord no per- manent remedy for existing evils. 9. That, neceuRry ai it ii I hat strict conatitutintiul rettniiota on the power of tlie Legislature and Ex- ecotlvi, in regard to th« borrowinK and ezpendilurR of money anil other mntten should form part of any latisfactory change of the existing Ciinstitntional ■ystem, yet the imposition of such restraints woold not alone remedy the evils ander which the country now labours. 10. That the delay that "must" occur in getting the assent or sanction of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward's Island, to a Fed- eral Union tiiat would include them and theCanadas, places any such federal cum|>act beyond consider- ation as a remedy for existing abuses in Upper Canaiia. In the above propositions, which the Conventi<;n adopted in the shape of four resolutions, I fully THREE TO FIVE GOVERNMENTS. I concurred. I'he arguments used in my Repealers' Ahnanac of last leap year, and in resolves oflfered from time to time while I sat in the Legislature, are not dissimilar. The Convention did not vote upon the question of a dissolution of the Union. Mr. Shepherd, an editor of the O/obe, proposed and withdrew it. Mr. MacDougal, another editor of the Ohbe, car- ried a proposition to strike "a gen- eral government" out of the Con- vention's 5th resolutiim below, and substitute "some central authority;" but it was meaningless, and "gen- eral government" is evidently re- stored in No. 6. " S. That the best practicable rcitiud^ for the evila now encountered in the guverumunt ot Canada is to Hr found in the formation of TWO Oil MORB LOCAL QOVKIINMISNTS, tu which shall be com- mitted the control of all matters of local or aectional character, and a gcnernl government charged w!th such matters as are nonessarily common to both sections of the Province. ■* 6. That while the details of the changes propoted in the last resolution are uecessarily sabjects for future arrangement, yet this assembly deems it im- perative to declare that no general government would h» satistactory to the people of Upper Canada which is not based on the principle of llepresdntation by Population." As I had not been delegated by any constituency, and had perma- nently retired from the Legislature, it seemed best not to disturb the al- most unanimous vote of the Con- vention in favor of a more close and permanent political Union with French Canada by prolong- ing debate, and insisting on a di- vision on the question of a disso- lution of the Union. Had tliat cotiise been taken Iti^ probable it would have carrieil ; but simple dissolution in 18G0, a return to the system of 1791, with a very heavy debt, burthensome taxation, gov- ernors from Europe, and a line of x=acr»«^5s?«'=^^Si»i ^ 273 THE CONVENTION'S REME DY ! taxgatherers all along the Ottawa woald not now mend matters much. The people of Glengarry, and the Ottawa, moreover, fear the consequences of an Upper Canada line of Custom Houses between them and Montreal where they trade. It was next agreed that an Ad- dress to the People explaining the Reforms demanded, and contain- ing Hie arguments in support of them, be prepared and widely cir- culated ; with a petition to the Legislature soon to meet at Que- bec, praying for the three or more governments, with the federation, &c., for signature all over Canada West; as also (hat copies of the Convention's Minutes be sent to the Duke of Newcastle and each member of the Lords and Com- mons. The plan adopted is Mr. Brown's, and is in accordance with Mr. Gait's suggestion of 1858, and the advice of Messrs. Dorion, Holion and others o\ French Ca- nada. I have not yet seen a copy of either the address or petition, tho' I delayed this Almanac for " more light :" neither does the Globe now dwell upon such topics. That matters could not be much worse than at present is not dis- sented from. The Convention's remedy, a Federal authority, is the first question. It woiMd leave the Canadas in debt, as low ; and, of course, would hand over tho customs and land revenues to tiie general government or central authority thus proposed by Mr. Brown and his friends to WHAT 500 MEN AGREED TO ! [28 be created for the two Canadas, whose right it would be to regulate the taxation on imports — to attend to the Municipal Loans, for as to the fund there's none left — to carry out the Tenures agreement and foot the bills — to uphold a Senate and House of Representatives, a Governor to be selected by a Qupen's secretary in Europe, Jud- ges, Marshals, Collectors, Troops, and all the cosily Machinery of Stale — provide our Coinage, regu- late Postages and the Post Oflice Department, fix the seat of Power, borrow Money, pass Railway bills, create or license Banks, give pat- ents and copy rights, vote some of the supplies, take charge of the light -houses, the canals, and the navi- gable rivers, give subsidies to ocean steamers, &c. Tliis "general government" or " central authority," to be located at Quebec, Ottawa, or wherever it might think fit, is to be federal; Upper and Lower Canada are to stand on an equality ; yet legisla- tive representation is to accord to population ; or, in other words, Upper Canada will have three members for every two sent by Lower Canada. .Mr. Brown, too, insists that Upper Canada shall have her Crown Lands placed under her own control, they being twenty or thirty times as valuable as those of Lower Canada, I fear we would have to wait as long for her assent, as for that of the Lower provinces to llie federal union of B. N. A. as a depeiulency of Eng- land. I confess that this proposition has the appearance of a sham issue, :(i::c>»»^-'-X^-i 'cr"i-t- -'-^**«:»; .^ Vi »-« W" ' »] NEW UNION WITH L. C. such as i^ sometimes used to eotrap a people, defeat a government, or carry a general election, and which afterward becomes a standing joke, at the expense of those it duped. Mr. Brown may explain. Upper Canada is made to con- sent to shoulder two-thirds of the cost of such a scheme as the above, and also to defray the expense of another governor, government, leg- islature, and a host of officials, or of two such sets, out of direct taxation, in order to perpetuate an alliance with a people of ano- ther language and strange manners, who are guided in a great measure by a learned and politic priesthood appointed by the mandate of an Italian Prince, the most despotic and unpopular in Christendom ; who needs Austrian influence and the aid of many thousands of French bayonets to keep his crown irom being trampled in the mud by his own subjects, aud who publicly proclaims his abhorrence of tree, elective institutions. The Union resolutions are, in reality, Mr. Brown's : strange to tell it is but a few years since he was describing the Irish and French Ca- nadian priesthood, of L. C. as most unworthy, urging the Legislature to wrest their tithes from them, taking a stand us their most im- placable enemy, and reminding so- ciety of the persecuting character of popery, and that the Roman Catholic religion was, in fact the religion of the State. Now however he professes to fear and hate a Union with the great Protestant, free States on our WHAT FEDEBATION IfXAXS. pO border, New England, New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, altho' its adoption would at once sweep away ^venr custom-hoase or im- port-tax office on the St Lawrence and great lakes, above Quebec — would reduce Canada letter post- ages 50 per cent— would rid the col- ony of a public debt — would enable us to form free constitutions and governments — open the tri||de of thirty millions of people to our useful industry— allow our inven- tors to get patents and copyrights covering nearly the whole conti- nent—free us from the degradation of having our statute book search- ed for any acts which tlie whim of lords or dukes in the old world might desire to nullify— admit our manufacturers free with tbeir wares, to the markets of thirty- two adjacent States— bring many thousands of wealthy and steady immigrants to settle in and give a new value to our country- conferr- ing on us direct votes in the Coun- cils of, and an equal right to the honors and emoluments of official life within, the territories of the greatest power on our continent, in- stead of continuing us a distant de- pendency of Europe, without even an agent there to remonstrate against colonial officials, their arro- gance and oppressions. Why is it that Messrs Brown, Malcolm Cameron, Mowat, Foley, Donald Mac(!onald, and their brethren withhold the Address which is to explain to the People their new Union, &c. ? ^.'either directly nor in any way does their scheme propose to protect Cana- sxrrr; ^Jlll^^-^^^^'^rillia >- - Httii^^'' OANAIHAN FREEDOM i WHERE THE MONEY GOES. [^ diiO lodustry. Messri. Brown and the leaders are ail coloDial free- traders ! Is it free-trade to tax Tea, Gofiee, Tobacco, Molasses, Sattinets, American Cottons, &c. heavily to the mechanic here, while the mechanic in Buffalo gets the same goods tax-free T The cutlets of Sheffield com- plain of Canadian assurance in putting a tax on their hardware — the United States complain that Canada taxes American ships lU per cent when their owners seek a British registry here. Why not 1 No C^anadian built ship can get a free registry in the States. The Canadian Ship-builder employs workmen who consume taxed ai ti- des here, and live here. Why should not the stranger pay duty on his imported ship built abroad ^ England answers, first by giving American built ships free Britisb Registries, and next, by tearing our bill to protect the Quebec, Mon- treal or Toronto builder, and our years longer by a popalatioo of a milHon of very poor customers, in Lower Canada ! Mr. Foley plays his part well, but has changed his politics as to the Union, which he professes to admire, and to which he ascribes many blessings ; even pretending that Lower Canada, at the Union, had five or six millions in the pub- lic chest. She never had one million in it, even when our U. C. revenue was collected at duebec. The passage of the law to allow ever^'body but bankers, as sucb, to take one per cent per annum, or one hundred tor the loan of money, has not introduced capital, but it is impoverishing many — for the courts stand ready to enforce con- tracts at 200 per cent of usury, or at any rate. Not knowing what floating debt there is, nor how the monies sent towards the seven million loan of 1863 are disposed of, I can merely guess the amount of the public exchequer, out of our statute book! Mebt, interest chiefly payable in This is self-government, responsi ble rule, isnt' it I and the Times, adds, " if you don't like our usage, cut the connexion — nobody will draw a trigger to hinder ycu l" One great source of American prosperity is its freedom from ail mternal taxation upon trade. The manufacturer and the trader in Buffalo may send and receive all kinds of goods and produce, tax free throughout the Union. Will Mr. Brown and the Convention leaders, by their Canada Uoion.find an equivalent for this in the privi- lege of being pillaged for u few London— sa^ 62 million.s Then there are enormous re- mittances to Europe made by the Canada Company, London, a so- ciety of Land Speculators, who have been impoverishing Upper Canada during 30 years. Mr. Gait's father invented the Association. Next, we may mention the European Stockholders in uur Banks. They drain us of heavy sums as dividends. Our Banks, too, borrow monies in Europe. Large sums are lent in Europe to Canadian land dealers and others. They bear interest. ■:■/ ■—-■««*>«»; S3] OUR FINANCIAL STATE. The Cities and Counties owe perhaps ten millions, much of it to Europe, and on interest. What moderation is there in our prov- incial and civic expenditure ? Our great Canals as a whole do not pay for the expense of upholding, keep- ing them open, and attendance. Their management is very hau It is intended to get them into pri- vate hands upon credit, like the roads. Jianks discount much for im- porters, and there is every possi- ble encouragement for flooding Canada with British fancy goods. This drains the country of money, as do very many absentees in Eu- rope who have land to sell. I imagine that Europe trusts us Canadians, and our brethren in the States, a large amount in goods never to be paid for. The management of our finan- cial affairs by Agents in London is very costly. On a change of ministry, as it is called, the new premier, if an unprincipled knave, might clear $200,000 or a han(f- some sum, by threatening to ap- point other fiscal agents for Cana- da, in Europe, or by doing it. The choice of a Bank to perform the work of Treasurer for Canada is also in his hands, and must be valuable, if the conditions as to loans and discounts are not oner- ous. The stock of the U.C Bank is at 85 only : its managers get on better than the Bank they m;in ige. The wliole public Printing is eqti;il to S400.000 H year— •two-iliirds of ii being worse thun useless. It IS at the premier's disposal. Veity OUR CONSTITUTION I ! f {Hi efforts at retrenchment only get ill- will to the economist Thu peo- ple cannot check abuses; ^ucu an Assembly as ours is will not. If knavery is exposed, the people look on in silence. What else can they do? Save, in the Legislature, say jC250,000 during or series of years, by perseverance in your duty as a legislator daring many years. Cui bono? '''nglands sharp-set lords and money changers will send out a NAP- IER with instructions to saddle Canada with sixteen times ^250,- OOO of debt, due by a Grand Trunk company, and we mortgage ac- cordingly t Whatever is raised from Rail- ways goes to Europe, where nearly the whole proprietary are : Canada pays nearly a million a year for ia- terest due abroad on Grand Trunk and Northern Stock and Bonds. I hare alifays ooniidered the Constitu- tional Act, as it id called, of 1840, a moat unjust and tyrannioal ennotmeDt ; adiagrao* to the age w« live in, and ealoulated to ren- der colonial goverDment, by pretended free parliampnts, a byword and a reproach. It groupH all the duties and revenaee Totablo by tho legislatures as a oonsolidatad fund, and dooroos that during the reigu of the Queen, and for five years after she dies, all the moneys to be raised in Canada by tazttion, &o., shall form said fund ; and in proof of our slavery as Canadians, and the degraded condition into which we have fiillon, it appropriates the revenue that waa to be collected down to 18(35, and perhaps for :)0 years more, as if Canadians were cheats, or more unfit to be trusted with voting their own money, raised from their m(>au» iind industry, tlian the smallost county in thH United Kingdom. Four thousand miles off— in London — it votfd £45,0U0 Hterlinj< ayoar nnd jC:J0,(X)O a-ypnr, to pay the governor it was to send hero, and a host of officiuls — snid governor to bo seiocted in L'Midon, and ti» stay here or be remoTed. as long as tlio secretary for Pti pifmrn'r-m m 'n^-^* 351 WB PAY-THEY SPEND! th* ooloniM thought fit, and tr. '-(.w the fandi from our poblio cheat, i">it,y year without onr ooaient — and to pay looidenlhl •spanaea In the management cf to^ revenue, dotinoluiireof £5,000 in penaiona tojadgea, and onr L3ndon maatera graoiouily permit na onoe s-year to aoe a paper telling what THEY have done with OUR money. Be- fore 1837, incluaive, the Britiah Governora robbed the Lower Canada exchequer, and aet law and the legialature at defiance— after 1840, the Britiah Ariatocratio Legialature legaliied thia apeoiea of contempt fur the righta of Britona, and ordered three-fiflha of the Crown Landa moneya to be put into ■aid fund, and t'other two-fiftha added, be- ginning 5 yeara after the Queen may die ! ! Than it voted in aame way the payment of our intereat on debt of U. and L. C ; next. Sayment to certain of the Prelatio, Papist, ootoh Preabyterian and Methodist priests, ministers and bishops in Canada. It was right that Canada should pay her debts; but, as she was not united to nor repre- sented in the Britiah Legislature, the Statute waa a deep humiliation to her. It waa a written constitution that act, written in the blood of many a noble Canadian who had atood out, as Hampden and the English did more aucoessfully before them, for tno right to control their own moneys. Of the re- mainder of the Canadian revenue it ordered, permanently too, that not n dollar should they ever vote of their own money, even ■ubjeot to the veto of the Metcalfe or Head who might be their Governor, until said Head or Metcalfe had ordered them to do bo, and stated the object ! Humbly and meekly did the present Legislature embody these degrading clauses in our own revised sta tutes ! Doea Messrs. Brown 6c Co. 'a amended written Constitution desire to erase the above blots ! No, indeed ! Whenever I moved in that direction in Assembly, Mr. Brown waa ever absent or a No. Id what way does Mr. Brown and his colleagues' proposition to cure all our ills by a closer ;iiul costlier French connexion, seem to answer the purpose? Messrs. Gait, Holton, Dorion, Macpherson, Molson, itedpatli and others pro- posed ten years since, a peaceful annexation of the Canadas to the Uaited States as free Republics. INDEPENDENCE WANTED I [38 How do the Convention Leaders meet these arguments t I publish herewith the Lower Canada Annexation Manifesto verbatim. We are not much better olT now in Canada, tho' probably over a hundred millions value in foreign public and private debts has been ncurred within the ten years. If Canada West were located near where Scotland, Ireland, or the Orkneys arc.its connexion with England might bejustly advocated ; but for five months in the year it is separated frotn the Atlantic by ice and frost— it has no St. Law- rence sea-port. Its natural sea- ports are New York and Boston ; and even without annexationto the Republic it trader more with these ports than with all Europe It is bounded by Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsyl- vania, and New York — imlieded in the heart of the Atiierican States —intended by nature as part of the States — united by a brid;^e with New York. It cannot have an- nexation NOW, whatever its wish tnay be — the position of the North- ern and Southern States forbid the idea — but withou: that where is the remedy for existing wrongs ? Therefore it is that having long been aware lhatgoi)d government and British power here are incom- patible I have counselled the advo- cacy of independence, and that exertions tnay be made in England to convince the great body of iho people that to grunt Cinudu Iiulepondence U ber true intf-reBt ns -.vull ns ouis. What is Iiiilopi'iidoncu { The unfettered power to not a* wo please 7 Even Mr. Sheppard would liuvo gnne for Federation bad it been a step toward freedom and I i 1 "'* '^ ^j .^ ( f-'fmgK^; arj HOW ARE WE GOVERNED T ntlionRlilv. Of what avail are th« good laws I helped to paH in tho Leffisloturd 7 Th«7 were often, rorj often nullitipd in the eiaoHtion. Who woi reaponilble 7 Nobody. We havojrood points in our Election Lawi. Under a Bldwell thev would have appeared creditable to Canada; but with Henry Smith, John A. Maodonald. 0. R. Oowan, and their like, at the crank, we have tho Qu«beo, KuxHoil and Erinez xleotions, and the Double Shuffle, reflecting diicredit upon the very name of popular iegialation and government. It is probable that Lower Canada would not accept MossrH. Drown 8c Cj.'a compli- cated machinery miscalled " federation." Ought such "a costly encumbrance " to be forced upon her fur colonial purposes 7 Is England no longer able to protect her colo- ny 7 Should sTie grent Canada freedom, I agree with my vcnernble friend deceased, Hon. John Neilson, and with Sir John Robinson, that Canada must either be American or British. As a federation the govommout, if we understand Mr. Sheppard, was to bo half Lowers, half Uppers. Is this representation by population 7 I understand that the government of the Cunadas, whenever they are united, is meant to be, as now, "re- ■ponsible," not to the people it aerres, bat to the hourly changing opinions of ropre- aentatives elected as we elect them for 4 and 8 years, and guided by feeling, passion or interest. A summary of principles, a popu- lar constitution, is democratic, is rt'publioan, is American, and a reality — of course it must be shunned in Canada ! I may l>e met by the assertion thiit men and governments are no better in Ohio or New England than in Canada ; and I con- fess my earnest desire that all should im- prove. There is no perfection here below. Corrupt, bad men get in everywhere. My reading and personal experience, however, enable me to say that the self-governed free States are far preferable to Canada in this respect, although when I returned from exile it would have delighted me could Canada (as separated) liavo set them a good example, free a» she is from the curse of ncffro slavery ; in other words, " property" in numan beingH, value 1,.50() million dollars. Such States as Kentucky. North Carolina, Virginia. MirisiAsippi, and Mi:JSOuri arc as widely diifHrent in tho nature and adminis- tration of their governments, from Mtissii- ohusetts, Mainr<, Connecticut, Chin, Ver- mont, and New Hampshire, as hto Russia, Spain, and Austria, from England, Switzer- land, and Pru.st ruined it. She did tiie liiie by Ireland, India, and Jamaica. One hundro i and fif'y years since, the ad- venturous Scotch planted a colony in the Isthmus of Durien, but England ordered it to be instantly destroyed ! Who placed Mr. Blackwell over the Grand Trunk 7 Baring* Brothers ic Co., our financial ogents. ^3 !S^;,.jia> « uv '^^ |a»] IRELAND'S MOTHER COUNTRY! WHAT MAY CANADA HOPE FORT [40 try, th« whole wurld knowi. Anil yet, at tha time of tlio faminn, nnx-thtrd of tha lurfaoe of Ireland, including tha richeit landt, wa« lyini unoccupied and wiiin. Ounfaiiodly the mon abie-liodied and anduring laborari in the -.vorld, and the nioit willing to work, 1,630,350 Iriih were driven to America williin tha space «f ten Veuri, in iheur piirauit of daily broad — victima of that iurocioui pulicy of Bnglnnd which will amply n ciiintry hollow ; but iiho will force ita Btrl FitzwiUUm, tt Sheffield. Sept. 11, 1 1847, at the Cutler'i Faut, in the courte |of kii ipeeob, a«id ; — •• Oenllamen, I beg to itart tbii quettion, rhether the conduct of Rngland towards Ireland ha* not made har a large debtor to Ireland f low many acta of parliament have been pnued 1^0 diaoourage the agriculture, and deitroy the inufkoturet of that oounlry t Agriculture ha* I discouraged, diminishing the value of pro- perty, and manafactures have bean put down to ppeasa the jealousy of England. To Ireland Ingland owea a large debt, not only a moral debt, bat a pecuniary debt. The four millions riven are nothing like the amount of the debt, if properly estimated, aa the result of your legiila- "on." Mr. H. Carey, of Philadelphia, talks in kha aame strain. He says : — " Irish cloths had a celebrity in tha days whan Ingland expoiied all her wool and imported all her cloth ; and yat she availed herself of all tha power at her command to suppress the Irish oollen maiiiifacturo, and to compel nil the wo'iiins beir export to the Colonies altogetner. Irian bips were next deprived of all participation in l^e benefit of the Navigation Laws, and excluded Dm the fisheries. Sugar could be imported Bto it only through England : and, as no draw- ok was allowed on its exportation to Ireland, be latter was thus taxed for the support of a ^reign government as well as her own. All ' er Oolonial produce, beside sugur, had to be irried first to England before it could be shipned Ireland, and the voyage of importation was quired to be made in English ships, manned by Inglish seamen, and owned by English mer- aants. A* in Jamaica, the men, women and lildren of Ireland were regarded simply as in- iimants to be used by Trade— to be deprived all employment except in the labors of the aid, where their business was to raiie bulky rgoes for British ships to carry, and for British ctors and brokers to sell. The Tariff*, which Act of Union found in 1801, was broken m, and tha young manufactures of Ireland ■ere swamped. English centralization annihi- Tied all difference of employments in Ireland, hd drove her people wholly to a^ricultuif. The bmand fur human effort, both of intollpct and of lascle, having gradually ceased in the island liUions of her people ^und themselves forced |to the position of consumers of cnpital in the rm of food, while totally unable to sell llieir or. Go where the traveller might in Ireland, I found thoiisonds anxious to work, but unem- Dyed ; while tens of thousands wnmlered Irough Great Rritain, bcgfjing to sell their lab'>r |r a pittance by help of wh'ch to pay their rent home, or drive starvation from their doors. tha evil culminated in a general famine, kd then in a general abandoument of the ooun- 1)eopre, while their ability to purchase lasts, to iuy her mnnufuctiires and use her ships." Oatiadians I Can you believe that if Britain's rulers could for hundreds of years pursue this selfish policy toirard Ireland, which is near them, they will study the interest of Canada, which is far distant? If not, let us be just to them, but look to our own future interest as citizens of North America. We want for Canada a complete con^ trol over our own Commerce ; England no longer allows u < any prefereucea ia her markets, while giving a wrong direo> tion to our useful industry, and claiming and exercising the power of nullifying our laws, vfititig away our money with- out our consent, and denying us permis- sion to spend one shilling of our own cash till her agent gives the word. The Union of the Canadas was effected in haste und in direot opposition to the wishea of the Canadas ; but as Mr. Lesslio said in Convention, " the power that created eould surelv annul it." Even The Times, which stood unmoved during the detestable pro- ceedings of the Draper administration, and Metcalfe era of no Hilvisersat all, is horror- struck at the iniquity of our politicians. It is quite consistent. In Feb. 1850, it said. " From every statesman who may hold " office we ask for something more than a " mere sentiment on the disloyalty and dan- " eer of annexation. We ask for a pledge. " Should the day arrive — should an over- " whelming majority inCanada declare either - " for annexation, or for that independence ■' which will infallibly lead to it, wn have a "right to ask beforehand. England has "spent 100,000,000^ in the vain attempt to " subjugate the United States. If Canada " ohoofies to run the fimrful risk of causeless " separation, let her do so, if not with our " ooni>cnt, at least without our opposition.' Niilious often bestow unlimited confidence in proud iind foolish kitigs and ministers. Henca their miseries. Mr. Gladstone, u lute Colonial minister, in • recent speech on ''Our Colonies," frankly ad- mitted that " England had tha character, during " the last ceutury, of boing perhaps the most f -Sf'S'""' ■■-**»«»■; II] 1837. ENGLAND. THE U. 8. " raptcioui, cariainly (hn inoti iiirrrttful in " rapMity, of all »li« Biirn|uan pow»T«." Thr principU of Qrark colniiiztiinn nf nlil wa« run- ner rmiDnN, but, contiiiup* Mr. Cllnilitni>p. ** wbeii«v<>r ilirrr wcr« a ici of pvuplt* who ware " not quite prMi-nlibln at homr, wliniii tlm Biif • " lUh witula ntil quietly vndiirr In i>'« nrpoin'ril " lo offlfit In ih* ronntry, It wai t'ouimnnly " thniiglit lliry wsrn quite good cntiUKh to liuM '■ offlcf, oflpn V Ith ■ liandinnie lalnry, In ioiup '•reni'ile col. n>." It liio now in Cunada, India, AuitrRJin, Eng- land eipenrlrJ tlilrty milliiiui In crtiili the intur raclion uf 1137, hanged t^Hriliiinl and Duquetl**, Lount, Malthewi, D"an, Viin Sliiili7.,^nthrr sul- lani mm— then ci)nfi*i*ed thut Lonnt had nuliril for what wai rlfihl — granted il — and plarrd rflieU (■a they were called j in the vrry highrit nflii^m ! A bundrfd yean agn, tin- Itriliiih loriii and High Church Parioni weio fur n Urilidi king who had told the nation to Friinc)', iiiwl many high Churchmen laid dciwn llit-ir livpi for him, being led by men who hiid no irlixinn nt ill ■ The Britiih whisa, full of prflfniled love < f pro- teitanliim and liberty, could not find uiiiong the wiieit and beit menoftlielr own imtioii, one niiiti fit lo bear rule, ku they iieni lo a petty Oerniiiii town for a stupid nionarcli to ronie nud leign in Lotidiin, who cared for no religion nt all, wlii> could not speak Bn^liith, and who wan ntlerly ignorant uf Driil>li law* and iniinneitl lloiji partiei rnmpruiniiifd principle, party, iind wor •hip. Will Caniiiliiniii in 18(iO < xhiliil any greater decree of witdoni 7 America «iiou after kikci •■- fully res'ated taxmion without reprenentHlion. the proiredi to gn foi bi'lbery iind corrii|'e United Rinirdnm may be war i thai tka riiliinica rtand la a very dar|iema« rrlaiinn In Iha lle|iaMla| and that tn unlle In one rommon hnnd Ihevreallnlaia Auilrulture, Mariifiirturn* and Cninmerre, throuahnulthll nnttlirrn rnnllneiit. !• the true pulley of both aatloaa, aa4 inlglit |irn«e a tionellt to Kurope. At the Rr-Unlnnnfthelwo Canariaa, Auv. 1M0, tha rleh puli'lc landa of Upper fanada were made the ecinmoa property of th» Krenrh helnw, after mili^onaof ae>aa bad hern wrmted Irn-n llppxr (^annrin anit almnat made a pr» lent to certain rich realdenla or Knsland called Iha Caaada ^b^ b U Ob U q Company Mark 'he re>ult I In I^M tn ISSt.threeyaara, Ih" elltrlnl reliirn of rnah •alaa nf pulillo land In U, t!. waa XMr77.'f-, In I. O £9',9<'3. Riure Cnunly paid iCW «M In one Te»r— mnreiban I.. C In three I R'tatea In laadi wnrth atsniAl.Oon, werefunranterd tn paeh I enreflratlmia^ l,i-hop»' fee». rollpffra, convent*. &c. tn wbiih they had na tond title ! and U. C. cemprllrd to provide from her maaM to sire Frenrh tenant* c li'ar tltiea In land never hnuibl. Pnrrunally. at my timeof life, it can matter l|i|le what chanirsa may tBire ptaee ; but fnr Ihe aake of the hladly niillinna yet tn ||l| up Ihe rniintry nf mv earlv ebolea I would urve my reader* tn reilert unnn what Ihavatatd, and try tn answer Ihe nuetllon, " How can wa hope for proaperily aa ColonlatiT'' !i fe flfc ^b ^b Sb I am of opinion, that to aend tnnmorlala to thn llinife af Cnminnn* tliro' Iho handa of thefe nl ita menibara whe think Indepnrdencefor CRnada the true pnllry. in awiia and »hnuld al*o he an earlv mea'ure ; but thore who may tin Injured In raan they iii|;n *nch memo'lalii ihnnld keep III the liiirk uround ; they may be utelul in other waya. <3b33b^b«ibqb q I tIVf UiMon in rentlment amnns nuraelvea ia verr rimlr>l>la . ^H -^ EJL £< UiMon In rentlment amnns nuraelvea ia very derlrabia • it elve* ijieat atreniith . much ran he done to prnmola It by tho ciicula'len ot tracH liy aocleilea aiixllinry loa central ra- TOctnibin; the renann nuulitto he rHiinly nppealed to faati wiilely pinulated, the 'lun* nf tlie time* *tu>lieH, and all de- clHinatlin and violence of lanfuaxt avoided MMMMb qh Canada or Oiinnecllcut. Ohioor New Brunawli k— wo nr« one peopl.% ip^nti one Ian Miane— have a commi a orliiln —ciinnot Im toils ,livid"rt, except fmin the cauaea lb it iin- Uiiyeii firmsrllopublic*, the lolly, cornipilon, or neahaen. ec of t ho pe' pie. ° ' ln-litiitl"n" Mi«i n* tboiecf nur rontinent are created, «»y« Judae Htory, "liy the virtue, puHIc apiril and la- • tellt-enreot the citizen.. They (all when the wife era ■' linnl-hed tmm llie pulilic counclln lircaurn tliey dare 10 ba •' hoi.ett nnd ilie pn Hi-«to aio rewarded, liacaiire they .' (latter the people, lo order to betray them.'* W L If. r jyi ' lViUi!; UaiTHRO' THICK AND THTN FOR LCI TORONTO WEEKLY MESSAGE. ^44 wants WM onoa Mkad how II wm Ihil ) OoulTlitUu In lb* ••rmuM of mtlhodUl, prdby- llaritn fiuilli. bipllit. *c. '• I uli* my (lav* lo llba kirk wilh mt," q;ii>lh ih*. " twi kaap ilUlnft iht IwbMl IVoH Ih* obilf." In retdini thii ippail, my l«adi, Uka your alnvaa with yuu i and you'll naaii lain itlll ujra when paruiing Mr. Browu'i luppla loba* Hawrotatolha llildimind man In 1811. " Oanllaman, Iha ona graal oh«ri(a bmughl nf alntt ma In Ibl* elacllon o jntaal It thai I ■ go Ihroiigk tkttkitit'l tkinUr iha pratfiil Miiilttry,'— thtt ■! dafiiniltham rm til oocaiiiini,' and am lliair 'nbHill ant loul,' / fhink Ikal Mm verp erf th'mlit bt my fHtttpirt lotlucoi\fiiUnetaiui mppirl oj rvrr^ truf K'hrmtr. Whil bdttjrc«rilH!ala emM I have tn lh« ouuiittaneyof my prlnolplat and prtotioa, ihaii th»t I hava iiaa Illy aapiiurted my party f Ami •fliu lorm thli Miultlry whom it la a crlina in the eitimttioii of Mr. Muckenxio to aunpoit f "Hubert lial Iwin, Jmnxa Hurvuy Prl^o, Kranri* Hliiokaanil .Itmuii Miirrii -tlietu tra the rupreieii titl»ai of Uppur Otnailt. Fonioiirly twenty ynari thtaa man iiavaaarval thair n»uiitry r>tliliriilly — they have fuiiiht tlia buttle of tlia pfii|ile witluiiit (llnohing— anil liu \» ni> tnio lliirurmer who ' nuwi ay, w« piiiJ ii|i«n t3l|* 8>7,000 of lrn|>iirt< tiiio million iloJUrt mora thtn wn liiiii ini'l ill iinni«i |i)-riiid of 18 j8. Montreal \% ihA aiiinmer port of I). ']., niul of n part of the II. 8. — it importfil l.t millinna vnlut* latt yMfi mill (mill |J.3H!),000, in ta.Xfn mi n pnrt of theta iiiipurti; Toronto pniil |I'8I,00(I in ciittomt liixi-t; llninllloii paid |136,4'll! indepondentof lit'r imrcht'ei at Montrpal. Wher3 goaa it tilt To Europe; Irith, Jumnica, and India, ftthioih m tW Refnre 1776, no Ouloiiiul •hipdiirtt trada with unv county in Europe exoffpt ihro' a Uritiih port. How waa it in Canada long afiarwardtt We are on the «ye of 1800; and havjni^ been defeated in my lon^ "herithed detign of agitating fur poll. iual inJepeiidaiioe in Britain, bv well known, inaurmountable obalaolet, I at onue fell bauk, in Jiinu laat, upon tlio prean. Knowing that my pei-ional eiperienoe ia your alTura exteuJmi over a period of 40 yBurti that mmiy remembered wilh kindly feeliugt that 1 had often aaaister a period of foreign bond, agt; Canada teekt relief from many burthens; Austria clings to Popes and Empernrti Italy it kept dowu by prietlly power and'foreign bayonelt. Toronto, Jan. 7, 13. THE TORONTO WEEKLY MESSAGE ia piibli.tiiod on .Saturday, and sold at TWO DOLLARS per Annum. TWO C0P1E8 per mail, for a year— THREE DOLLARS : iour copiea, for SIX DOLLARS, and so on. Any PiHlmatter obtaining Eijjlit subscribers at $1..50 each, and sending na tl2, wilt be' entitled to one copy free. Siib.sciibers fur Eight or more copiea lor Hix months loceivod at n piMipoitionnl rate. Murchunts and othi-is dosiiiiig quantities weekly at six or nine months credit shoiiiil wiitu us fur toims. The Piistage of ull weeklies is 6} cnts n quaiter, in advance, payable at the subsciiber's pusloiRce. All letters m\\n\ be addressed pnstpaitl to " W. L. MACKENZIE. Message Office, Toronto." t_---aK^U.X-; -•**sr.' 5J THE CHURCH PAINTS STATE. A Gertifloate from the Charoh! Mr. Brown and Dr. Rjerson have had muoh oorrespondenoe. They reBsmble each •ther in many respects and pourtray each other's oharaoters, oooasionally muoh to the unasement of the public. " I have" said Dr. Ryerson, in a letter to Mr. Bsown, Feb. 1, 1859, " I have still " enough of life and courage and strength " left to meet you face to face ; to repel your " attacks ; to expose your falsehoods ; to un^ " ravel your sophistry ; to detect your forged "quotations; to refute your insinuations ; "to exhibit your incouaitttencies ; to prove " yourtruthlessness ; to hold you up to pub " lie view in your true light — a pretended "friend to truth, yet closing your columns " against the exposure of your own untruths *' — an abasivo assailant of the sohool sya- "tern in its weakness, the party manipula- "tor ol it in its strength — warmed into "public life by the patronage and generosity "of a Baldwin, a Uincks, a Morrison, and *'then their vilifier and slanderer — in suc- *' cession the caliimniiitor and sycophant of " most public men and all parties ; assailing •'the "civil and religious institutions" of •'Lower Canada at onetime, and "guorau- '•teeing" them inviolate at onothor — atone " time warring to the death against the very " principle of separate schools, at another *'time making "an houcrnble compromise " on the question of separate schools" — now " filling the land with " eternal hate to " Rome," then the " political oily" of the "ultra-Romanist chumpiou — now the eulo- "gist of Gavazzi, then the parasite of Mc- •' Gee — one week the fawning dictator of "the Judges, the next week the violent "traducer oi their motives and character — "one year holding the right of the Bible "for nil, and no education without the Bible, "another year treatingtho right of the Bible " in the school us an absurdity, and the cry "for it as a '• sham !" " It was the .suiiiu with Hincks and Ryerson —rightly judging each other s mercenary motives, tliey were unceasing in their vituperation, but when Ilinoks and (ialdwiu got places, they ut onoo iiicieased llyersou's salary, iuKli>i'camc sworn brothi'rs. Deep iiulceil was tlir incasiiru ot di'sjjrailntion Which u<'ijliiii,\ liiirl rr'tti:liuil, when ita liMi|iiih'ii|i|ius- ition editor niiil ixiliticiaii could truly liiRrgt: the bead ol'the Depnrtun'iit >it Puhlic Kducmiun witli SXtoiiaive i'^iilioz^leiiiont, siiiil Uirtctor IjiMierul ut MlDiiers aiid Morals, being alto a pious doctor in divinity of Ih'j Wesleyan Metlin Mackenzie for loan given him bjl 5 5 J Ueaolution of Committee. I 11 16 10 Choqae on Branch Bank of Montr«il| OtUoe of the Wcxkly Mxssaoi, Oct. 13, 1859, Altho' I have not read the Memorandum abort I referred to, nur had leisure to look into ita detaiU,! I am entirely antiiKeil that ilie Homestead Faud I has been managed most faithfully throughout, and I at great personal inconvenience to those who hail charge of it. I diliered from the Krst Committee ui tullie manner in which the Homestead deed thouUl be drawn, but tlieir views wereijuico onscientiuuil and otl'ered from I he very kindest of motives. Thtl Homestead has been purchased ; it is on Bund Street,! near the Catholic Cathedral, in a deliglittui part oil Toronto, where my family now reside in a moral comfortable dwelling ol their own than they orl I before occupied. i have received the deed ol the premises. As tu the balance, part is investui I aud part has been handed over to me. Seven or eight I persons have small sums on hand which they willl make good, aud I inteml shortly to publish a detail! ed statement, of all receipts and expenditures. Ab.[ out 91 OOU are to be laid out in an additional brickl building upon the Homestead Lot; andtbeageregatil payments to the fund, IN cash, including small aunul not yet remitted by sub committees, will amount tu I 97UUU. I think that, under the .circumstance!, [ the province did itsituty in raising this money, and diil I it well— that is, if I am correct m the view I take nil the public services otherwise unre(|uited, render [ ed by me during the last 'J6 years. To the committees, to the trustees, and especiall) I tu Jamks CEasi.ii:. Esq., (late treasurer), I olfer injl most grateful acknowledgments. But fur Mr. [ Lks-sme's unwearied exertions, at groat personal in.| convenience to himself, the proposition ofaHomn-i sl:ead must !iave proved a comparative failure, while j it now all'ords the clearest evidence that altho' the I people of Upper Canada are not allowed to control I : those noii political otflcus and that state patronage I j which ill other countries ati'ord an obvious means uf I I rewiU'iling of at least upholding ancient public terv- [ ants, tliL'v iniinently possess the disposition to be j ust and even generous toward all such. W. L. Mackciczir. VVilliuni Hi (I'rincc of Uningi'), indignanll7 repelled the pliiuiliis of a theutrel)y the question' [ "Do the iiliots iiiistuke niu fur tl/e King o'l trance f" — Sir J. SixrHSN. g!!!.. ' ."» i a."i g ! ,' gg ^'P ' " ' J '» "j^ ' .f ' i-g 'i JLJ>" ! ■ "*■■;" ' BAIT FOB VOTEBS ! iinercUl BuUdUil :, Oct. 13,1839, These two men take one mode to ac- Itiire the control of the power and latronage of Canada — they raise a false lut popular cry. Hincks cried 'economy,' rered aalariea before election, and vo- ^d to increase them after it ; Baldwin ired forseoulariaation, but united with (afontaine, on the principle that they are to differ on that t0|>tc and du noth- hg. Cayley, McNab and McDonald, angry as death for the public plunder, Ulowed like bulla for protection, and breamed (like Draper before them) jtainit French rebel connexion ; but places as the most coward'.y, shabby, ^sequious serfs of Popery, Fre: ,ch in- kences, and "the traitors" they had kwled against. Brown, McQee, Foley id Lemieuz, propose to merge a discor- int Union with the French into one lore permanent and more insufferable. ■ill tliey lucceed ? Why not? These people V all loyal alike. Deception'i their game — ■nada their dupe. Macdonald betrayed all who ■teiJ him, juit ai Hincka had done. Hrown'a loked careeer indicates, that he will do the ne if he can but get a chance, yet I wanted 1 and his fnllowers to succeed in August, 1858, b' I avoided all their meetings, not desiring their afidence. I think there art; «iore true Bnds of Oanada iu the opposition ranks, but lung to neither faction. Haldimand sent me o to the lugi lature — I am freo still — but inde- ndeace is a difficult position to take, and ax- kes one to persecution and slander from faction's Iders and all they can privately and publickly ^uence. )n the 31 of July, 1849, ten and a half yearn ce, the British. League, at Kingston, resolved, lat r Unprotected by an adequate tariff, we have con- ■DDad to consume a vast amount of British ■anafactures, whilst our produce, the principal barce upon which we rely for their payment, lai rarely entered the English markets except at 'sacrifice. The result haabeen a monetary prei- re, extensive bankruptcy and general distress. ■ Coincident with these disastrous circumstances, Latorm arose in our political horizon, which has ■reatened and still threatens to shake the foanda Ions of our social fabric. The legislature, ruled by faction (which, for the retention of place and ower, has kindled afresh the snimosity of rival ices,) baa legalised the prinr.ipsl of rebellion, end as prepared to increase the public debt at a mo- tent of great financial embarrassment, by a pro- Jslon lor the payment of the traitors of 1837 and |88«." ^or these propositions voted Vankonghnet, tin A. Macdonald Strachan, Langton, Willsoii ISaltfleet, Benjamin, Parsons of Montreal, J. G. Wes, Murney, John Gamble, Pope, Playfair, ^iirney, OgleGoMan, and late D. B. Stevenson, r coalescing with Elgin, whom they had insult- I, and with Hiucks whom they bad assisted lo COLONIAL BtJLE A DECEPTION. [48 prey upon the public, they proved, as Brown hai often done, that they were utterly void of princi- ple— well fitted to be gilded slaveo in a British Colony. They are now outrageous t 'z. ; ami dis- solve tliern in a quart of alcohol. Varniili made wiib gum resins luid turpentine do nut dry so fust ■a those made with alcohol, but they are not so liable to crack. A Suna STifTic. — 0. 0. Lvon, a dentist of Maspetli, L. I., writes to the SeUnlifie America.t : "Observing recently a caie of deuih cansed by hemurrhugn from the extractinu of a tnuth, the following shnnlil be universally known as an infallible remedy :—VIuke plaster of I'arls into the oonnisttfnca of sufc putty, and fill the cavity. Il will sunn become a solid olug." Thk Skt an Indication orTiia Wkathkr — The cult IttSV, for VaiiiBc the Caaadlsw. 1. lietolved. That the existing Legislative Unio« of Upper atd Lower Canada has failed to realise th« antioipacinna of its promoters, has resolted in a heavy public debt, bardansome taxation, great politiesl abuses, and anivsrsal disiatisfiction tbroaghout Upper Canada ; and it is the matored oonvietion oi this aisombly, from the antagonisms developed through difference of origin, that the Union in it| present form can no longer be continoed with advaa* taga t3 the people. 3. That highly desirable as it woold be, while the ex'sting Union is maintained, that local lesiislatioa should not be farced on one section of the Provinoa against the wishes of a msjority of the represaBta> tives of that section, yet this asserabiy is of opioioa that the plan of aovernment known as the " Doablt Minority*' would be no permanent remedy for esisl, ing evils. 3. That, necessary as it is that strict constitutional restraints on the power of the Legislstare and Bs> ecutive in regard to the borrowing and expenditnra of nieney and other matters, shnald form part of any satisfactory change of the existing Constitotional system, yet the imposition of snch restraints woald not alone remedy the evils under which the coantry now labors. 4. That withoat entering on the discassion of other objections, this assembly is of opinion that the delay which must occur in obtaining the sanction of the Lower Provinces to a Federal Union of all the British North American Culnnies, places that measure ba> ynnd c.onsidnratinn as a remedy for present evils. 9. Thnt, in the opinion of this assembly, the best practicable remedy for the evils now encountered ia the government of Cansda is to be found in the formation cf two or more local governments, to which shaU be committed the control of all matters of a local or sectional mutter, and a qknkraL oovCR^f. >l K.vT charf^eil with such matters as are necessarily conunon to both sectli-ns of the Province. Mr. .Shepherd (fur a time proprietor, and now one of the editors of the Globe), moved in amendment to No. 5, "That this Con- " vontion considers the early and unqaalified '* Di!<8olution of the Union the simplest and " most oilicaoiuus remedy for the evila under " which U|iper Canada suffers." Mr. Mo- DouOALL (another editor of the Olobe) opposed disitolulion, and proposed to omit " (^eiioral government " and insert " some joint authority," which was agreed to, and Mr. SiiEPPARD abandoned dissolution with- out a vote ! 6 Thit while THE DETAILS OF THB CHANQKS PHOPOSKI) IN THE LAST RE80. LUriON ARE NRCK33ARILY3UB.IECT3FOa PUTUHE AllKANGKMENT, yet this assembly ileams it iinperntive to declare that no "general Kovernment " woiijil be satisfitRtory to the people of U|iper Caoniln wliicli Is not based uu the principle of tlapresentatiun by I'opulatlon. [From Mr. I'lipineau*!! Adilress to the Quebee Anne xuiion A^sociulior-, 184).'] Mad [ been |iresent in Montreal, I wonid have lieeii one of the first to siipnurt by my voice and Hi^nature nn address so patriotic, judicious, full of sound rea!ioning and truth, and so free from piission niid prejudice aa is that of the citizens of , .Muuireal, who have aigued it in great nuniH!-rB. i '88] CONVENTION FOLLOWS GALT. P AOllKK* *• IN CONTBNTION ! la ibe &eight diflrerent taxes. And when the consumer has any produce of his own labor to send abroad, it is loaded with as many burthens^ before it can arrive at market. " Such is their condition in their best times, the times of peace, but in the years of war, which arc about half the years of every generation of these unhappy men, immense armies are set in motion ; whole countries aro overspread and exhausted by the marches of successive hordes of friends and foes, confederatos and allies ; whose un- distinguished voracity excites equal terror. Sieges, battles, hospitals, pvisons, pestilence and famine, sweep off halt the population of each country, and force their princes at last to a temporary cessation of butchery, which they cull peace. Perhaps the halves of some provinces are severed from one dom- inion, and annexed to another ; auu this they call conquest. This occasions a new line of frontier, and new ranges of fortifications to be run through an interior country, cut- ting up the cultivated fields, and forcing the owners (who cannot fly from the devasta- tion) to work at the new trenches and ram- parts, bnd be ready for another war. The states of ancient Greece, were most of them called republics, and were indepen- dent of each other ; and among the five or six hundred years of their political existence^ from the commencement of history till they became a Koman province, I believe there was not a single year when they can be said to have been completely at peuco among themselves. No ; the evil is not altogether in the nature of the interior government ; though this in itself, when bad, is a great source of calamities ; a still greater source, if possible, is in the independence and rival- ship of neighbouring governments. What a long and uninterrupted series of wars between England and Scotland was arrested by the union of the two crowns, and aftor wards of the two kingdoms ! And how mtioh moie extensive and more lamentable would have been the scenes of slaughter among the American States, had we left them indepen kfl I i I i! \i 5g e ' ,:y" : ,an;.^>if «7] WH AT SHALL PROTECT! dintof enohuthor, after effeoting their lode- pendAioe from Qreat Britiiu, " Since, then, we hnve eBtabliehed a union of Interests and of States, which may bid defiance to every possible enemy but our ■ ■elves : shall we not have the wisdom to preserve this union T Shall we, on the one side, indulge in tho prodiKalitv uf increasing our debt, and in a proud indifference to the opinions of an irritable and powerful portion of the nation ; and on the other side, will that portion run wild with an untimely resentment, and not consent to a small and temporary sacrifice, rather than plunge themselves and their brethren, with all their intermingled posterity, into calamities with- out measure and without end ;— calamities which are inseparable from a disjunction of the Stales, and the frightful experiment of independent and rival governments, whose tempers will have been already imbittered by the act of separation?" " On the Union of tho States our great national oharajter depends — It is ivhioh must give us importonoe this abroad and security at home. It is through this only that wn nre, or can bo nationally ^ known in the world. It is the flag of the United States which renders our ships and commorce snfe on the seas, or in a foreign port. Oiiv Modiferroneon passes must bo obtained under the name stile. All our troBtiPs whether of alliance, peace or com- merce, aro f >rrned under tho sovereignty of tho United State^i. nnd Europe knows us by no other name or title, The division of the empire into States is for our own conveni- ence: hut abroad this distinction ceases. The affairs of each State are local. And .1 i.„u —»■■>>, ..f nvnn the richest of A STIMULUS TO CANADA ! [m TUB Tinsa AW A^nuXATftt. jVOTHmO said "the TinM, London, '-' 1849, would b« changed bat tho poli- tical tie. There still woutd b« half • mil- lion of French with their own oastoms and laws, and perhaps an equal camber of im« practicable ultra Britons. Congress woald I merely relieve the British Parliament in th« | care of a very troublesome child. All tho an- nexations that have hitherto occurred wort I merely vast territories, occupied by • fow straggling Indians or Mexicans, and a maoh more considerable population of Amerioan { citixens. The States nave in fact been set- tled and assimilated before they were annex- ed, and annt-xation was only the political ao- 1 complishment of an existing fact. Bur Canada is Canada, and would rimain Canada. Wr will not venture to dbmt | that it hay some dat be annexed ka- TURALLT and easily; or that ANNEXA- TION HIOHT GIVE A NEW STIMULUS TO ITS j AORICULTURE, ITS TRADE AND iTS UMBX- ahplkd PHYSICAL RESOURCES. We forbear I to expatiate on the possible results of two I great and adventurous populations, speaking I one language, ogreeing to occupy cue great I continent under common laws. We only sa; [ this; that it would be entirely anew experi- ment, an annexation of a very different eortl from any hitherto attempted, and n vast ac- cession of difficulties to the existing stock I of the United States. • • • • There was o time, when it would bare ex- posed its authors to the penalties of higl I treason, and tho colony in which it wail broached to the calamity of civil war ; when I every Englishman would have boiled with I indignation at the presumption which com-| plained of English doirinion, and at the tern- nrlf.v which uronosed to carrv the oresumD- «7] WHAT SHALL PROTECT t it nt of enoh uthpr, after nffeoting their inde- pendAioe from Qreat Britaiu. " Since, then, we have eatabllahed a union of Intereflla and of States, which may bid defiance to every posaible enemy but our ■ aeivea : shall we not have the wisdom to preserve this union 7 Shall we, on the one aide, indulge in the prodlKality of inoreaaing our debt, and in a proud indifference to the opinions of an irritable and powerful portion of the nation ; and on the^ other side, will that portion run wild with an untimely resentment, and not consent to a small and temporary sacrifice, rather than plunjce themselves and their brethren, with all their intermingled posterity, into calamities with- out measure and without end ;— calamities whioli are inseparable from a disjunction of the States, and the frightful experiment of independent and rival governments, whose tempers will have been already imbittered by the act of separation?" " On the Union of the States our great national oharajter depends — It is this which must give us importonce abroad and security at home. It ifl through this only (hat we are, or can bo nationally \ known in the world. It is the flag of the United States which renders our sliips und commerce snfo on the seas, or in a foreign port. Our Mediterranean passes must be obtained under the wnme stile. All our troat\e)t whether of alliance, pence or com- merce, nro f >vmed under the sovereignty of the United StnteH, nnd Europe knows us by no other name or title, The division of the empire into States is for our own conveni- ence: but abronJ this distinction ceases. The affairs of each State ore local. And were the whole worth of even the richest of them expended in revenue, it would not be sufficient to support ^vereignty against a foreign attack. It would be fatal for us if t we had — too expensive te bo maintained and impossihln to bo supported. Sovereignty must have power to protect all the parts that compose, and constitute it : nnd as the U. S. we are equiil to the imp'irtnnce of the title, but separHtely wo arc not. Our union well nnd wisely cemented, is the cheapest wey of being grent— the easiest way of be ing p iwerful, nnd iho happiest invention in governmnnt which the circumstances of America cnn n' nit of. Our citizenMiip in the United St tes is our national character. Our citizenship in any parliouli.r State is ouly our local distinction. By the latter we are' known nt Imme, by the former to the world. Our grent title is. AMERICANS, our inferior ono vibrios with the place." A STIMULUS TO CANADA ! [IB TM« TinCB ON A!irNliXA*l«l«. jVOTHINa midihe TIbim, London, ^^ 1849, would he changed bat tho poli- tical tie. There still would b« half • mil- lion of French with their own ooatoms ud laws, and perhapa an equal Koraber of In* practicable ultra Britons. Congreas would I merely relieve the British Parliament in th« | care of a very troublesome child. All the an- nexations that have hitherto ooourred wert I merely vast territoriea, oocopied by a few straggling Indians or Bfexioana, and a ronoh more considerable population of Americao | citizens. The States have in fact been set- tled and assimilated before they were annex- ed, and annt-xation was only the poiitioal ao- { complishment of an existing tact. Bur Canada is Canada, and would rrmaik Canada. Wr will not venture to dent | that it hay some dat be annexed ma- turallt and easily; or that annexa- tion mioht oivb a new stimulus to itb | AORICULTURE, ITS TRADE AND ;T8 UHBX- AHPLKD PHYSICAL RESOURCES. We forbear I to expatiate on the possible reaulta of two I great and adventurous populations, speaking I one language, agreeing to occupy one great! continent under common laws. We only saj I this ; that it would be entirely a new expert- 1 ment, an annexation of a very different eorti from any hitherto attempted, and a vast ao-l cession of difficulties to the existing atooli I of the United States. «. • • • There wus i» time, when it would have ex- posed its authors to the penalties of higl I treason, and the colony in which it wall broached to the calamity of civil war ; when I every Englishman would have boiled with! indignation at the presumption which com- plained of English don'inion, and at the tem- erity which proposed to carry the presump- tion of language into action. But those days have passed away. W«| have been taught wisdom by experionoei and I the most valuable as well as tho most costly I of our lessons has been taught by the barren I issue of a preoi pitute conflict with a province I which from remonstrance proceeded to re- 1 hellion, nnd crowned rebellion with independ- ence. We should not go to war for the ster- ile honor of maintaining a reluctant colony in | galling subjection. Tho Duke of Wp|linj[toii, in the Houaeof Lordi, when discusiiing ihe Canada Union Bill, June 3^, IS'IO LHanaarii's Dobateaj, (aid: "He had ob- nerved in this country (Drituin), for some lenglb I (.f lime, a growing deaire to fjet rid of their North Amejiran liominions — a deaire that th«y •houM become Republics. This deaire prevailed amoD{ { a very larg^ party in this country-" N WIWTEB WEATHEB. 4i«Mral iHlM htrnHnUH WMlker Mrtaff tke Wliter MMlta, Ac Tm elMr wiodi of the winu'rare from North to flootb-woit. Any wiiid oHt of North and lO rtrand Iho gompaai eiiterly and loQtherly, at far«ai gnallHwaat may ba oontldered unfavorable to clear wMtbor. Adna North-eaat or Baat wind indlcatet ■torn, or cloady weather uioe timea in ten ; but any wind may prevail teveral hoari before the appear- ■aeo of itacharactorlitioattendaDt phenomena. Thui, a aortb-ea«t wind may blow with a clear iky for a whole day, before the prevalence of the cload from the Soath in the higher atvoioliere \ and a north- WMt wind often prevaila for a day after a atorm, be- fore the iky becomea olear— hot ft ia a aare ganiral rale that no'cgularelMr weather can he depended on with a nortk-eaeter, and no regular $lortn mth a nortk-tcetler. , „ _^ A aiual conrae of phenomena is ai rollowi :— The ■an ritdi clear, wind north-oast, and there ii a dim, hfiy appearance on the low loatheni horizon. Tbia ia the edge of the louthern cload comins north. It movea alowly, and the farathalfof the day ii qotte clear at the aanith, Aa the aun declinei, however, it thowa more aod more dimly through the thickening cloud, and ia obicared an hoar or two before niffht. The airloaea itadry electric cold, and becomea more aaniihiy chilly, although the thermometer may be riaing. To uae a oummon oxpreiiion, it " itrikea in." Thii Ii canaeJ by the moiiture that comet with, or often before the cload, aod it familiarly called a ■• luow atmoiphere." The unie of greater chillincu fchile tkii coldit really moderating, reiultn from the Ion by Iktbody of il» natural eledricity of which moisture itacondncior. It hat often b.^eo recommendod that pertonttvho are particularly tentilive to thit change In the air, ihonid wear a ttlk thirt or iraiitroat, to liep in the electrictty—tilk being one of the best non- conductors. This remark oxpltint why «omo people't comi, .luinti, or old woundt. are good baroinetert. If eleotricity could be reduced to a iiabttanco ami taken in doiet with the effect of a medicine, it would pre- vent the atorm paint— but we would loie tume of the propbeuy of meteorology. Boon after night the main body of the gouthern cload hat advanced, and a tnuw-ttorm may tct in at toy hour. In addition to the more I'loudy bank on the floiitliern horizon it innriie, there it olten a yellowisli tinge, which more aurely indicate! iu the nigh atmosphere the avant courier of the storm. Three timet out of five, tliese signa may bo depended on: but the cloud miy come, and pass over to the north, without snow. Thjt, when accompanied by wind, is called '* a dry storm." A tnoW'ttorm usually continues twelve or fifteen hours with variable violence, and then subsides. The wind changes to the north-west, and the sun will ■et clear on the day following its commencement. There ia no natural spectacle more beautiful to con' template than a violent anow-storm. The common' nets of it takea away the novelty with most people bnt the meteorologist revels in it, with more enjoy mentthanio theblandneat of Jane. He examines' and meaanret the snow crystals with his goniometer' He rana to his barometer and thermometer twenty times a day, and studies the wind as if it bad good fortune iuit. No matter how long it continues, he ■eea the Hrst streak of blue aky with regret. He trodgea out into the open fieldi to meatnre its average depth, where there are no drifts, and carefully notea all the pecoliaritiesof the storm. A inoW'ttorm frequently enda in rain. Thit may be exported when the cloud it dark and lowering, or ' hen the wind veera to the tonth-eut— not to when WIND. COLD. SNOW. [60 the oioad remtiiM Ugh, and the wind keeps nortit of There ia do troth in the notion that a^haoge of wind to the welt by ita going round loutnfindieatei a longer period of clear weather than when itchangaf in the oppotite direction. Two or three clear daya are likely to folliw • violent anow or rain-atorm i then the aame aet of phenomena will come roond again. Local or tranaient winda are not ao frequent in winter aa in tnmmer, becauie theie are oauted by heat. We have inatead, the regular carrenta that aweep up and down (be coatt, dependent on extreme heat at one end of the line, and extreme cold at the other. North-weit and wetterly windt in the morning with a olear akv, or only loose cloud><, indioate the continuance of line weather for the next twelve or Hfteen lioura. We can hardly go beyond thit in oar prediotiona, unlets a storm has Just aobsided, wha» we may doablu or quadruple it with aome degree of curtainty. A change of wind from northwest to west and south-west indicates, and is accompanied by, a milder temperature. Thia may last a day or two, and the wind will then move round further by the snath and south-east to its regular storm <|narters in the north east, or it may come out fresh again at north-weat, with continuoJ c'ear sky. Tlie snonimjuall it one of the raott common and in- teretting phenomena uf tlie winter. It it the same at the tnunderguttof snnimer without the electrical accompaniment— a short, violent hurricane of snow, that seldom lasts longer than from ten to thirty minutes. It may come, also, in the shape of repeated flurries through a whole day — but rarely from any other quarter than the west or north-west; aod never has the featurea of a regular storm. Clear aky is mostly seen in some direction, while the squall is fiercest. With respect to intensity of cold, this rarely lasts more than two or three days in succession. ' The thermometer may make a solitary zero record, or repeat it two or three times in the whole winter. We close those remarks with a practical hint or two alxiot dress, especially for the ladies. Furs should be worn in full, only when the cold is very severe, or in riding. A heavy shawl is at all timet a safer dress, as it does not so easily promote nn- conifortablu warmth and perspiration. The worst winter " colds" are contracted by throwing aside furs t» a heal. They should promptly be laid off in the house, and alight shawl worn until the body re- covers from its fatignc, or becomes accustomed to the new temperature. In no kind of weather is warm clothing no necessary at on those chilly hours or days which precede a storm The body accumulalet electricUy in a brisk, cold air, and u ensHu exhilara- led by exercise; dry, e.r.lrf.tne cold is therefore not so dingeronii as a damp and moderate atmotphrrt. There is little use in giving Icdies advice alraut the bead or the feet. Red fob tbn pounds.— "^even pounds redwood ; three-fourtha of a ] .mnd of fas- tic; boil two hours. Take out the dye stuff; add two pounds of alum. Put in the eoods and let them remain till morning. For carpet bags, good and cheap. » Blue for ten pounds. — Prepare with one ounce bichromate of potash, one ounce alum ; boil two hours. Then bqil one pound logwood one hour; put in the goods, and boil half an hour. h .'^r:t< I \\\ ■\^-\ \ w 6IJ "AWY. AlTY Wf y yO HJMIfc' ^■i LANDS FOR 7HEURDG mBMT ydn to pin • U«r thro' OtituMw, yr«« vesting iho Prcaidmt from offorinf PuEli« Ltadt for MM bjr prookunaUoa till ihajr bidbioaint MM» nirvwcdt^a order liiM.|>ro^«ptioM ailgbi M (^aiuDd by aoMal MUlan, Mid land Jobbers ■bat OMI. Them ere • thMuand nilliona of aorat nnaoWi and latt yaar a bill paaaed the Houm of RenrMcntaiiveii in tpila of alavoownera and utaren, pmvirfing that every baad of a family (he or the) night enter, free of eoal, upon N aorea of pablio laiida in any trart lubjeot to pri- vale aiKrjr und aat a dead therefor afttr flTa yaaia' reMdtmoe. if be or aba bad ao otfear lands, pagring tiierefor 910, and ao monk Tholandato oblaiMd would in no oaae be liable for debt! otMrtraated liefora patent iaaaad. The U. 8. flanate killed off tbe bill. Bruce, in his traToli thro' Hungary, 18SI, aeemi delighted with Debraczin and iti an viroai. The oity itanda upon treble tbe usual quantity of ground eontalns MtOOQ people— there are no palrioiant, and I bare aia ao beggars. Of the lands arouad ao oaa man can buy or bold more than 168 a w iea -baa c a, aa saana ininh. their areat prosperity. At one lime no Itoman could held' mora than seven acres of land iu that great repnbliD, and t great party are trying to get a law paasad in Oongreia rMtricting aw i»«ii from holding over 300, 500, or 600 acres, as could bo agreed en. The Anti>Lanil Monopoly Socieiiea print in pamplilei,thevotes inOongrcss,and tbeargauients, and employ lecturers, and are oontinvhily gain- ing. I was a land reformer when in the States- * QEO. BROWN AGAINST IHB UNION. I Tlia Ismaad fcr • dlMolnllnn of iha Unioa, than, origlaated not la waatonosM bat naca«ity. TIm paoale were really In advaiifle of tbe poUtlelaiM apon tbenl^ect And whaa the latter, yVldliw to di'evnutanow beyond tbair coBirol, olalinad for Upper Canada emaadpaiieo ft«m an ■aaatorai, inpoHtio, and nntBdnrable alUanee, a chord bi the popular heart wa* ilruch, wbish lant Ibrth no naasrtalu Mnnul. " By any lawful naaai," tbe people m, "letthUtUagoalladaUalonbeteTeradi wewillbaw "aewnto Lower Canada no more: we will ImpoTrriib " onrielTea do more Inr lu beneflt." Of the baua tbareeaa beno doubt.— QLoaa, Sept. 189B. OKOBOE BROWN FOR THK UNION I 1 Would Upper Canada proaner with an Ignorant and unedacated race p n w a i ^ a tht ebannel and mouth of the 81. Laarrenoat We think not No Policy eonld be mora ■etddal than a w par a ttoa of the Prorlaeaa. It mataiiaUy waakea the aelonlal Otoaa. Aug 90, 18S&. QEO. BROWN AQAINST FEDERATION. 3. Rot, tayi aome UoionUt, why not hare a ligdara union, and 1st each provlnoe havattfiiwn rereOUe, and carry on Ita own loeai work* t What, then, would be Hm are of the union I What duUa* would dsrolTe on the Federal QoTemmaot— What power* on the Local LeiUla. tncal U'eachMatelatoauaaga luewntnaaoaa, tt« own public work*, and It* owa Isflabalon -oroleetioo In uip* of war, and diplomaey In time of peace, being In the bands of tbe Imperial aorenmeatf-whiit ramahu for the FaderaUloTemmMitt-ai.oaB,JuasM, 1S55. BROWN kOR ONK LB(1I8LAT1;RS FOR ALL BaiWBH AllSRICA. 4, tliere U a very evMeat faaUng antoag Pana'lUaiL, a* wall at their brSUiren of the lower provlacss, that deatta* pais* to ihaa* eeleatm faafeii anltad nadar one ■evani. oltfaa BROWN FOR Rcuw FROM Tst wntm oiocm. '^-STi tveMBlB ihMihl.lMHat, I were alaalesayaafa ana. i_ Union aaas Um two pasplsa, 1 wlMi eran lewpres a ael ( Ma efi * * * Vha Rflaiaaan af Vaaat \ .aalHnvawMib^MSaiailMnKM as ooaaplalaly at Tarlaaea whih natara as idSiil e np edtsaey, n^IiJ**!. Uw mart eiMai avartlBi BMtre aanins afleulllas.— OtosB, ml tlw ValMi. The llnioM of Lombnrdy wiib Austria waa >•■ pealad atSoWirlM, Frmow advanaing Ibr Lain- ul^l ? '"•J^ 5f TV^- •fW«"g»P5Al, wbioli I am daaidadly in fnvor of, warn agnatf (o as botwean Upper and Lower Qawuiai D. Q. muat boar a heavy shara of tka debt, dikbaM^ly ■a mooh of tlia oaab waa wastad. and ralliraiy obiimtiona thrown apon iba puUto. Tba 4aM baa bom enormansly ineraassd sinea I Mwvod repeal and issnad the repeal afanaoaea Bat ra> peal, alone, would not raliaTo Canada. A saw set of cnstom houses wonld ba naaded nn the Ottawa. Repeal would not give ns indapendiSBce, so that we might form alliances where We pl«tapad| would'ut abolish the cnstom bousca on tba ft. Lawreaois or iho heavy duties on both sides, or givo ns fraa trade with tbo States, wnald'ot |^«e us power to adopt a Ire* OanMitatioa to bo sab- milted to the people^ wouid'nt ohock borrowi ng and aouandering; wouid'nt take tbe aaat of nov't. from Ottawa ; wonld'nt check wild pobHc lands their mlsminaaemcnt, nor give ns patents m iit> ventions for $30 covering all the (J. S. ; nor stop audden dissolntions ; norradaceour poatagaato tba American atandard ; nor givo na tbo co»|raI of tliti revenue now voted in Hritain oat of ow poakeU I nor give na tbo vote by boUot, and aleotiona ail on one day 1 bnt it would be in- finitely bettor than Galra saw Union MR with ihe French, adopted by tba Toronto Oonventlnik I eaapire of Oreat Brileiu CotosUaa SMska. These banks were diartared very dlAanaaliy, by a anion bs tw ee o tba laling aua aad tha maa who want Ibeir ollcea. They anddaaly beoka down laal Ootobar, aod have made no altaa^)! at pawing paoNa, nor of explaiatng tha caaaoo of llMir Mlara. Far one of tbani Mr. Flieh, who earriad it thro,' waa lo eaplaia. Ueiaalleot. Tha miblla have hiattatM. 000 to •SOO.OOO, and will And b the vault ptonlgr of the disbcoored notee, witb wbteh debtora Wa ffo- la cheat I Is this foyal proteetioa I Mo ananbaent of tbeaa acts bom Loadoo. O, not -.» •^mmg l i 'iw .w .^jIB,'* m ti WOK umOML UMria WW iw ■•«* iw Lmb- toada, D. 0. bl, i!iiih«M^|]r wid r«n«Mw B. TiMdaSi iiHW IiMvad MMM B«tn> mU. Amw Mded m the odvpendltiMW, -oWapIiNwtdi M on th* ft. bplli lidM, or nrnald'nt ^ve ion to bo Mb- ek borrowlBg »MatofMT^ 1 pabHe Itndt patentioB <»■ .8.; nor stop ir poitagoato u ihoMwtral in oalof oar y ballot, and woutd bai» ikm bin wlib D Oonventiinn. ItjhonaMlr.br tao aoa who ^ l*lhro,'i laToloHiMM. malt pUMgror blora W« !•■ liat tH)t»T^t ruMfMnraaU 'tllMO aMMV ra«MB|NHNaT ' a Ueanaoili aaanlaiantof