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AUTHENTIC COLLECTION OP CAPTAIN CO O K's VOYAGES round the WORLD, U N D t R T A K E N'?' by Oi'der of bis prefent MAJESTY^ r o R , MAKING NEW DISCOVERIES, &c* &C. His Firft. — Undertaken} and performed in the Endeavour, in Ae Vears 1768, 1769, 1770, and 1771, for obferving the Tranfit of Vcnus^ and making Dilcovcries ia the Southern Hemifphere, &c* His Second. — In the Heroliitioti jfttd Adventure, in the Years 1772^ 1773, i774» and 1775, for making further Difcoverits towardy , the Soutli Pole, and round the World* ^ .' His Third and Lafe.— tti tKe Refolutloft ?nd DifcovCry* td the|Hicifie Ocean, in the Yeatrf ^77^* '777* >778. 17791 and I7$d, for making new Oifcoveries in the NprthernJHeiiiifphere, fcti. Cota^ prehending the L^fe and Death of Captain Cook. Tcp^ther w|th Captain Fumeaux*SlNarrative in the Adventure, dating the Sepa^r ration of j^jBhips in the fecond 't^'^yage, during which PeiilH fe» veral Qf,:||FPcopIe were defiroyed by £e Natives of Queen ^&ar- lotte'flSoiind. I" ;.■■■;!- ■'A •fMiiifal*' t .% IVrltten by fever al pritutpal Ojiiertt and other Gentlemen f «orna- ments, with pictures and unages of faints. The in$r- mary ^dfo is a good piece of architecture, and one of the moft conftdcrable in this place. There arc many high hills in this ifland ; Porto Raivo in particular is near 5,100 feet high. To a certain height thefc hills are covered with vines, above which arc numters, of chcfnuts and pine trees ; and above thefe again whole forefls of various' forts of trees. The number of in* habitants in Madeira are computed to amount to about 10,000; and the cuftora-houfe duties produce to the ymg of Portugal, a revenue of 20,000!. a year. The furrency of the ifland is in Spanifh. . ' ' ' On the 1 9th of September we failed from Madeira, and on the 21ft we faw the iflands called the Salvages, porthward of the Canaries. The priocipal of thefe was about five leagues to the fouth half w^ft. On ^he 23d the Peak of TcneriSe bore weft by fouth half ibuth. The height of this mountain is 15,396 fecr^ \vhich is but 148 yards lefs than three miles. On the yth of Oftobcr Mr. Banks went out in a * boat, and caught what our-failors call a Portuguefc jnan of war ; together with fevct-al Ihell fiihcs, which are always found floating upon the water. , '. On the 25th we ciroflcd the line with the ufkal centii.ijti. monies ; and as provifions by this time began to gTow ' ihort, we rcijblved to put into the harbour of Rio da Janeiro ; and on the 8th of November we faw the coaft of Brazil, We flood off along fliore till the . iath, having in view fucceffively Cape Thomas, and an ifland juft without Cape Frio, and then made fail fe* Rio de Janeiro on *the 1 3th in the morning. s| ■"*.■,. Qn the 14th Capt. Cook went on fhore, ari^lfbtaiacd leave ■piw mmm I ^■ iti f5 Captain Cook's first Voyage leave to fiurniih the fhip with provifions ; but .this per- milfion was clogged with the conditions of employing an inhabitant as a faftor, and of fending a foldier in the Endeavour's boat every time Ihc came from Ihore to the vciTel. To thefc uncivil terms the captain made many objeftions ; but the Viceroy was determined to infift on them, neither would he permit Mr. Banks and Or, Solandejr to remain on fliore, nor fufFcr the former to go up the country to collefV plants. Captain Cook conceiving from thefe and other marks of jealoufy, that the Viceroy thought they were come to trade, ufed all his endeavours to convince him to the contrary ; and acquainted him, that they were bouild to the South Seas, to obferve the Tranfit of Venus over the diik of the fun, an objeft of great confeqjuence to the improve- ment of navigation ; but the Viceroy by his anfwer fccmed ignorant of the phaenomenon, An officer was now appointed to attend the captain, which order he was defired to underdand as an intended compliment } Jiowever, when he would have declined fuch a ceremo- ny,' the viceroy vpry politely forced it upon him, Dr, Solmder and Mr. Banks were not a little cha- grined on hearing that they would not be permitted to ^l^p^c on fliore, and ftill more fo when they underftood 'that they were not even allowed to quit the (hip; for the .^iccroy had ordered, that the captain only, with fuch 4tiFors as were required by their duty, fhould come on ihore. However, they attempted to go on fhore, but were flopped by the guard-boat; yet feveral of the •crew, without the knowledge of the centinel, let them- felves down by a rope from the cabin window into the boat about midnight, and drove away with the tide, till they were out of hearing. They afterwards landed on an imfrequentcd pait of the country, and were treated by the mhabitunts with great civility. v' Captain Round the World. f Capt. Cook, tineafy with the reflriftioris of the Vi- ceroy, remonftrated with him; but the latter would return no other anfwcr, but that the king his mafter's orders mufl be obeyed. The captain thus repulfed, and much difple?fed, rcfolved to go no more on ihore, rather than, whenever he did fo, to be treated as a prifoner in his own boat ; for the officef who was fo polite as to accompany him, conftantiy attended him, both to and from (hore. Two memorials were now drawn up and prefented to the viceroy, one written by the captain and the other by Mr. Banks ; but the anfwers returned were by no means fatisfaftory. Seve- ral papers pafled between them and the viceroy to no good purpofe ; from whence the captain thought it neceffary in order to vindicate his own compliance, to urge the viceroy to an aft of force in the execution of his orders. For this purpofe he fent Lieut. Hicks with a packet, giving him his orders not to admit of a guard in his boat. As this gentleman was refolved to obey* his captain*s commands, the officer of the guard boat did not oppofe him by force, but acquainted the vU ceroy with what had happened, on which the lieute- nant was fent away with the packet unopened. When returned, he found a guard of foldiers placed in the boat, and infifte(i on their quitting it. Whereupon the officer feized tue boat's crew, and conduced them un- der an efeorc to prifon, and the lieutenant was fent back to the Ihip guarded. When the captain was in* formed of this tranfaftion, he wrote to the viceroy to demand his boat and her crew, inclofing the memorial which Mr. Hicks, his lieutenant had brought back. Thefe papers he fent by a petty officer, to avoid conti* nuiiig the difpute concerning the guard, which muft have been kept up by a commiffioned officer. An an- fwer was now propofed by the viceroy; but before this could arrive, the long boat, which had four pipes of rum on board, was driven to ihc windward, (the rope breaking 8 Captain Cook's riRST Voyage breaking that was tlirown from the fliip, together with a fmall MS that was faftened to the boiU. Immediate orders were given for manning the yaw^, which being difpatched accordingly with proper directions, retiirncd, and brought the people on board the next morning j from whom Capt. Cook learned, that the long-boat hav- ing filled with water, they had brought her to a grap-* ling, and quitted hcrj and falling in with a reef of fqcks on her return, they were forced to cut the faf- tcnings of Mr. Banks's little boat, and fend her adrift* The captain now difpatched another letter to his excellency, wherein he informed him of the accident^ dcfircd he Wmild aflifl him with a boat to recover his ,own, and, at the fame time, renewed his demand of the delivery of the pinnace and her crew. The viceroy granted the requeft, but in his anfwer to the captain's rcmoriftrance, fuggcfted forae doubts that he enter- tained, whether the Endeavour was really ^ king'f &ip,.and accufed the crew of fmuggling. Captain Cook,- in his reply, fard, that he Was willhig to iheW his comdiiiBon, adding, if any attempt fliould be made, to carry on contraband trade, he ret^uefted his exccl- IcBcy would order the offender to be taken into cuftody. The difpute being thus terminated, Mr. Banks at- tempted to elude the vigilance of the guard, which he found means to do, and got fafe on Ihore on the ,iU>th in the morning. He took care to avoid the town fd paifcd the day in the fields, where he could bcft atify his curiofity. Mr. Banks found the country |>cople hiclined to treat with him civilly, and was invited to their habitations. But it was afterwaxds heard, that fearch had been making for this gentleman #hen abfcttt. He and Dr. Solander therefore rcfolved to run no more rifques in going on ihore, while they remained at this place* On iht ift of December, having taken in water and provifions, 1 RotJNDT HE World. 9 brovifions, v^c got, with leave from the viceroy, a pilot on board ; but the wind prevented us from put- ting to fca. A Spanifti p?cKet from Buenos Ayrcs, bound for Spain, arriving the next day, the captain 6f her with great politenefs offered to take our letters to Europe. The favour was accepted, and captain Cook delivered into his hands a packet for the fecretary of the Admiralty, containing copies of all the papers that had paffed between him and the viceroy, leaving the duplicates with his excellency. On the 5th we weighed anchor, and toWed down the bay, but were ftopped at Santa Cruz, the principal fortification, the order from the viceroy, to let us pafs, by an unaccountable negligence, not having been fent; fo that it was not till the 7th that we got undet* fail. When we had palTed the fort the guard boat left us, and our pilot was difcharged. Of the town and neighbouring country we Ihall give the following defcription. Rio de Janeiro was probably fo called becaufe difco- vered on the feflival of St. Januarius, from whence we may fuppofe the river Januarius took its name, and alfo the town, which is the capital of the Portuguefc in America. This town is fituated on the weft fide of the river, from which it is extended about three quarters of a mile. The ground whereon it ftands is a level plain. It is defended on the north fide by a hill, that extends from the river, having a fmall plain, which contains the fuburbs and the king's dock. The houfes in general are of ftone, and two ftories high ; its circuit is abont three miles ; and appears to be equal in fize to the largeft country towns in England. The fti*^^ are ftraight and of a convenient breadth; and the prin- cipal ftrcet is near 1 00 feet in width. The chur9acs are richly ornamented, and there is more religibus , B llparade .1 -'ii^ ■ *^t •.4p '^ "w lo Captain Cook's first Voyage parade in this place that any of the popifti countries in Kurope. But the inhabitants may pay their devotion at the Ihrine of any faint ; for a fraall cupboard, hav- ing a glafs window, and in which is one of the tutelary gods, is placed almoft before every houfe, and a lamp is kept conftantly burning, left the old proverb ftiould be verified, " Out of fight, o'ut of mind.'*^ Before thefe faints the people pray and fmg with fuch vehemence, that in the night they were diftinftly heard by our failors on board the fliip. . ; ''-.■■ '':.'. . The inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro are exceeding numerous, and confift of Portuguefe, Negroes, and Indians, which laft were the original natives of the -country. The townfliip of Rio is but a fmall part of the Capitanea, or province; yet it is faid to contain 37,000 white people, iuid 629,000 blacks, many of whom are free, making together 966,000, in the proportionof 17 to I. - - The military is compofcd of twelve regiments of regular troops, fix being Portuguefe, and fix Creoles, and twelve regiments of provincial militia. The inha- bitants are fervilely fubmillive to the regulars, and it has been faid, that if any of them (liould omit the compliment of taking off his hat, when he meets an ofTiccr, he would be immediately knocked down. But the fubordination of the ollicers to the viceroy is equally mortifying, for they are obliged to wait three limes a day to know, or receive his commands : the anfwer frequently is, " There is nothing new." In Rio de Janeiro the gentry keeps their chaifes, which are drawn by mules ; the ladies however ufe a fedau chair, boarded before and behind, with curtains on each fide, which carried by two negroes on a pole connefted with the tqp of a chair, by two rods* .<■ coming Round the World. II t)es, and lents of Creoles, le inha- and it iTiit the- ects an 1. But equally times a anfwer :haifes, ' ufe a irtains a pole rods* oming coming from under its bottom, one on each fide, and refting to the top. The women in general, are more readily to grant amorous favours than thofe of any other civilized parts of the world. As foon as the evening began, females appeared- at the windows on every fide, who diftinguillied fuch of the men as bed plea fed their fancies by throwing down nofegaysj and Dr. Solahder and two other gentlemen received fo many of thefe love-tokens, that they threw them away by hat-fulls. This place is very ufeful for fhips that are in want of refrefliment. The harbour is fafe and commodious and diftinguiihed by a remarkable hill, in the fliape of a cone, at the weft: point of the bay. The entrance is not wide, but it is^ cafy, from the fea breeze which, prevails from noon to fun-fet, for any fliip to enter before the wind. Frovifions except wheatcn bread and flour, are eafily procured* Beef, both frefli and jerked may be bought at tvvo-penee farthing a pound, but i^ is very lean. Mutton is fcarce to be produced* Hogs and poultry are dear. Garden ftulF and fruit are. in abundance. Rum, fugar, and moIalTes are all excel- lent, and to be had at reafonable prices.. The air is feldom immoderately hot, as the fea. breeze is generally fucceeded by a land wind. The feafons are divided into dry and rainy, though their commencement of late has been irregular and uncer- tain J but at this time the rain had jull began, and fell, in heavy lliowers during our flay. •{ H: . 4 t J ' 'iV I''' " .'" • *> ■Ml ' it . T nt 1 • - r r ♦-f^fc^y* -■> •1*-. .-^ ^t ,l0 3i*Vy ,'i.l'. 1 1 CHAP. 12 Captain Cook's first Voyage CHAP, 11. The departure of the Endeavour from Rio de Janeiro. Her paflage from the entrance of the ftreight of Le Maire. The inhabitants of Terra del Fuego defcribedw Mr. Banks and Dr, Solander afcendcd a mountain in I fearch of plants. An account of what happened to them in this excurfion. The Endeavour pafles- through the Strcight le Maire. An account of her paflage, and a further defcription of the inhabitants of Terra del Fuego. An account of Cape Horn, and the newly difcovered iflands. An account of tl)eir figure and appearance. The inhabitants de- , fcribedi with a narrative of the various incidents during the courfc, and on the Endeavour's arrival^ among them. ON the 8th of December, 1768, having procured neceflary fupplies,, we took our departure from Rio de Janeiro ; and on the 9th an amazing number of atoms were taken out of the fea. T hey are of a, yellowiih colour, and few of them were more than the 5th part of an inch long. The fea was tinged in fach a manner with thefe equivocal fubftances, as to exhibit broad ftreaks of a fimilar colour for near a mile ii\ length, and feveral yards in breath. On the nth we hooked a fhark. It proved to be a female. When opened we took fix young ones out of it, five of which were alive, and fwam briil^ly in a tub of water. On the 30th we ran fifty leagues, through vaft numbers of land infe(5ts i fome in the air, and others upon the water. At this time we judged ourfelves to be nearly oppofite to the bay called Sands Fond (with boitom) where it is fuppofed that the CQntinQiit of America is divided by a paflage. '' •" '^ ■ ■ " Pa Round the World. >3 On the 3d of January, 1769, we faw the appear- ance of land, in lat. 47 deg, 17 min. fouth, and long. 61 deg. 29 min. 45 fee. weft, which we miftook for Pepy's Ifland. In appearance it fo much refembled land, that we bore away for itj and it was three hours before we were convinced that it was one of thofe deceptions which failors ca'l a fog bank On the nth, after having paflcd Falkland's Ifland, we faw the coaft of Terra del Fuego, at the diftance of about four leagues froni the we(i to fouth-eaft by fouth. On the 14th we entered the Streight of Le Mairc, but were afterwards driven out again \vith fuch violence (the tide being againft us) that the (hip's bow-fprit was frequently under water. At length we got anchorage in a fmall cove, on the eaft of Cape St. Vincent, the entrance to which our Cajptain named St. Vincent's Bay. :■ ^ ■■ • •>' ■■• •' >*;-'» Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks went on fhore, where having continued four hours, they returned about nine in the evening, with above an hundred different plants and flowers, of \vhich none of the European botanifts had taken any notice of near this bay. On the 18th we came to an anchor in twelve fathom water, upon coral rocks, at the diftance of about a mile from the ftiorc. At this time two of the natives came down upon the beach, as if they expeded that the ftrangers intended to land, but as there was no ftielter here, the (hip got under fail again, and the Indians retired difappointed. The fame afternoon we came into the bay of Good Succcfs, and the veflfel coming 10 an anchor, the Captain v^ent on (hore, accompanied by Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, in order to fearch for a watering place, and difcourfe \7ith the Indians. Thefe geatlciuen h^ not proceeded ~ '■-■--■■-■ " - above " V .y u Captain Cook's first Voyage above one hundred yards before the captain, when two of the Indians that had feated themfelves rofe up, and threw away the fmall flicks they held in their hands, as a token of annity. They afterwards returned to their companions, who had remained at fome dif- tance behind them, and made figns to their guefts to advance, whom they received in a friendly, though un- couth manner. In return for their civility, fome rib- bands and beads were dillributed among them. Thus a fort of mutual confidence was eflablilhed, and the reft of the Englilh joined the party, the Indians con- verfmg with them in their way, in an amicable manner. Capt. Cook and his friends took three of them to the (hip, drefled them in jackets, and gave them bread and other provifions, part of which they carried on Ihore with them ; but they refufed to drink rum or brandy, leaking figns that it burned their throats, as their pro- per drink was water. One of thefe people made long and !oud fpeeches, but no part of them was intelligi- ble to any of us. Another ftole the covering ot a globe, which he concealed under his garment that was made of Ikin. After having remained on board about two hours, they returned on fliore, Mr. Banks accompanying them. He condu(5led them to their com- panions, who feemed no ways curious to know what their friends had feen, and the latter were as litde dif- pofed to relate, as the former were to enquire. None pf thefe people exceeded five feet ten inches in height, but their bodies appeared large and robuft, though their limbs were fmali. They had broad flat faces, high cheeks, nofes inclining to flatnefs, wide noftrills, fmall black eyes, large mouths, fmall, but indifferent teeth, and ftraight black hair, falling down over their ears and foreheads, the latter being generally befmeared with brown and red paints, and like all the original na- tives of America, they were beardlefs, their garments wercthe fkinfiofjfeals and guanicoes, which they wrap- ped} i RouNDTHE World. f^ ped round their (boulders. The men likewife wore on their headsa bunch of yarn, which fell over theirfore-^ heads, and was tied behind with the fmews or tendons ot fome animals Many of both fexes were painted on different parts of their bodies with red, white, and brown colours, and had alio three or four perpen- dicular lines pricked acrofs their cheeks and nofes. The women had a fmall ftring tied round each ancle, and each wbre a flap of (kin fattened round the middle. They carried their children upon their backs, and were ge- nerally employed in domeftic labour and drudgery. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, attended by their fer- vants, fetout from the (hip on the i6th, with a defign of going into the country as fai as they could that day, and return in the evening. Having entered a wood, they afcended a hill through a pathlefs witd^riiers till the afternoon. After they had reached what they took for a plain, they were greatly difappointed to find it a fwamp, covered with birch, the buflics inter- woven and fo inflexible that they could not be divided; however they fteppcd over them, but were up to tlie ancles in boggy ground. Before they had got over this fwamp, an accident happened that greatly difcon- certcd them. Mr. Biichan, t)ne of the draughtfmea whom Mr. Banks had taken with him, fell into a fit. It was abfolutely necelfary to kindle a fire, and fuch as were moil fatigued remained to afllft himj but Mr* Banks, Dr. Solander, and Mr. Monkhoufe proceeded, and attained the fpot they had in view, where they found a great variety of plants that gratified their cu- riofity. On returning to their company amid(t the (now which '' '1 in great abundance, they found Mr. Buchan much recovered. They had previoufly fcnt ^Ir. Monkhoufe iind Mr. Green back to him and thofe that remaioe4 with him, in order to bring them to •'» a hill ** /|i*V »lr.'.»JV il,i«,?.'<.l :*' i5 Captain Cook's first VaVAOfi a hill which was conjeftured to lie in a better traft for returning to the wood, and which was accordingly fixed on as a place of rendezvous. Dr. Solander having often paffed over mountains in could countries, was fenfible, that extreme cold, when joined with fatigue, occafions a drowfinefs that is not cafiJy refilled; he therefore intreated his friends to keep in motion, however difagreeable it might be to them. His words were — Whoever fits down will ficep, and whoever fleeps will wake no more. — Every one fecmcd accordingly armed with refolution; but, on a fudden, the cold became fo very intenfe as to threaten the moft dreadful effe^ls. It was now very remarkable, that the DofHior himfelf, who had fo forcibly admoniflied and alarmed his party, was the iirft that infilled to be fuffered to repofe. In fpite of the mofl carnefl entreaties of his friends, he lay down amidfl the fnow, and it was with difficulty that they kept him awake. One of the black fervants alfo be- came weak and faint, and was on the point of follow- • ing this bad example. Mr. Buchan was therefore de- tached with a party to make a fire at the firfl commo- • dious fpot they could find. Mr. Banks and four more remained with the do£lor and Richmond the black, who "with the utmoft difficulty were perfuadcd to come on ; and when they had traverfed the greatefl: part of the fwamp, they exprefled their inability of going any farther. "When the black was told if he remained there he would foon be frozen to death, his reply was, that he was fo much exhauded with fatigue, that death would be a relief to him. Dr. Solander faid, he was not unwilling to go, but that he mull firfl take fome fleep, flill perfifting in afting contrary to the opi- nion which he himfelf had delivered to the company. Thus refolved, they both fat down, fupportcd by fomc^ bufhes, and in a Hiort time fell afleep. Intelli- gence ftoUND THE World. ^T feence came from the advanced party, that a fire was kindled about a quarter of a mile farther on the way. Mr. Banks then awakened the I)oftor, who had al- ready almoft loft the ufe of his limbs, though it was but a few minutes fmcc he lat down ; neverthelcfs he confented to go on^ but every meafure taken to relieve the black proved inefFeftual. He remained motionlefs, and they were obliged to leave him to the care of a i\iilor,and the other black fcrvant, who appeared to be the leaft hurt by the cold, and they were to be re- lieved as foon as two others were fufficicntly warmed^ to fill their places. The Doftor, with much difficulty^ was got to the fire ; and as to thofe who were fent to relieve the companions of Richmond, they returned without having been able to find them. What ren* dered the mortification ftill greater was, that a bottle of rum ( the whole ftock of the party ) could not be found, and was judged to have been left with one of the three that were miffing* A fall of fnoW continuing for neat two hours, there now remained no hopes of feeing the three abfcnt ppK*. ' fons again. At one o clock a great Ihout was heai'd.aliii -" diftance, which gave incxpreffible fatisfadlioa xxfMerf one prefent* Mr. Banks and four others vfint for- wards and met the failor, who had juft ftrength enough to walk. He was immediately fent to the fire, and . they proceeded to feek the other two. They found, Richmond upon his legs, but incapable of moving them ; the other black was lying fenfelefs upon the ground. Our endeavours to bring them to the fire were fruitlefs; nor was it poffible to kindle one upon the fpot, on account of the fnow; fo that their re- mained no alternative, but to leave the two unfortu- nate negroes to their fate. Brifcoc, another fervant to Mr. Banks, in particular, began to lofc his ienfibility. C At -tm i8 Captain'Cook's first Voyage ■■■'>»t At laft they reached the fire, and paffcd the night in a very difagrecable manner. The party that (et out from the fliip, confifted of twelve; two of thefe were already judged to be dead, it was doubtful whether the third would be able to re- turn on board, and Mr. Buchan, a fourth, feemed to be threatened with a return of his fits. At day -break on the i7th, nothing prefented itfelf to the view all around but fnow, which covered alike the trees and the ground; and the bJafts of wind were fo frequent and violent, tliat their journey feemed to be rendered iraprafticable, and they had reafon to dread pei-ifliing with^cdd and famine. About fix in the morning, they were flattered with hope of being delivered, by difcovering the fun through the clouds, which gradually diminiHied. Before their fetting out, melTengers were difpatched to the unhappy negroes j but returned with the news of their death. Hunger prevailing over every other confideration, jrfffliced our travellers to divide the frhall remainder of f|&c thll^provifioii , and to fet forward on their journey ;;bout ten in the morning. To their great aftonifh- ment and fatisfaftion, about three hours they found hfemfelves afhore, and mych nearer to the (hip than their moll fanguine expeftations could have fuggefted. When they looked back upon their former rout from the fea, they found, that inftead of afcending the hill, in a direft line, they had made a circle almofl round the country. On their return, thefe wanderers re- ceived fuch congratulations from thofe on board, us can more eafily be imagined than exprefled. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander went on fliore again on the 20th of this month, landing in the bottom of the bay, Round the World. *9 bay, where they collcfted a number of fliells and plants hitherto unknown. After having returned from dinner, they went to vifit an Indian town, about two piiles up the country, the accefs to which, on account of the mud, was diificuh. When they approached the town, two of the natives came out to meet them, who began to (hout in their ufual manner. They af- terwards condu(5led Mr. Banks and the do6lor to their town. This town was inhabited by a tribe of about fifty men, women, and children. Their bows and arrows were conftrufted with neatnefs and ingenuity, being made of wood highly poliflied ; and the point; which was cither glafe or flint, very flcilfully 'fitted. The natives here did not ftiew any furprize at the fight of fire arms, but appeiired to be well acquainted' With their ufe. It is Hkely that the fpot on which the Uoftor and Mr. Banks met them, Was not a fixed ha*- bitatioii, as their houfes did not feem as if they vvere crefted to ftand for any long ume, and they had*^ boats or canoes about them. They did not app' to have any form of government, of any ideas o£_ bordination. They feemed to be the very outc Jj^of men, and a people that pafTed their lives in waSiPltcring in a forlorn manner over dreary waftes ; their dwelling being a thatched hovel) and their cloathing fcarcelv fiifficient to keep them from periflaing witlj cold, evcri in thefe climates. Their, only food was ftiell-fift^ which on any one fpot mud foon be exhaufted ; nqrliad. they the rudeft implement of art, not even fo much as was neceffary to drefs their food. Thofe who can be happy in fuch a fituation, can only be fo, becaufe they have not a due feeling of their mifery» We obferved in this place fea lions and dogs, and no other quadrupeds ; ncverthelefs it is probable there ^e other kinds of animals m the country. A great variety^ ■i'ii-^ - ' ao Captain Cook's first Voyage variety of plants were found by the Doctor and Mr, Banks. On Sunday, Jan. 22, having got in our wood and tvater, we failed out of the bay, and continued our courfe through the Strcight ; and in pafling this, nqt- withftanding the defcription which fomc voyagers have given of Terra del Fucgo, we did not find that it had agreeable to their rcprcfentations, fuch a forbidding afpeft. Nine miles weftward of Cape St. Diego, the low point that forms the north entrance of the Strcight pf Le Mairc, are three hills, called the Three Bro- thers ; and on Terra del Fuego is another hill, in the form of a fugar loaf, which ftands on the weft fide, not far from the fea. We had not that difficulty mentioned in the hiflory of Lord Anfons's voyage, in finding where the Strcight of Le maire lies. . •* The Strcight of Le maire is bounded on the weft by Srra del Fuego, and on the eaft by the weft end of S|aten ifland, and is nearly five leagues in length, nor ld^|ji breadth. The bay of Good Succefs is feated about the middle of it, on the fide of Terra delFucgo, which prcfents itfelf at the entrance of the Streighit from the northward ; and the fouth end of it may be '^iiiftinguiflied by a land mark, rcfcmbling a road from the fea to the country. It affords good anchorage, and plenty of wood and water. January the 26th we took our departure from Cape Horn, and the fartheft fouthem latitude we made was. 60 deg. 10 min. and our long, was then 74 deg. 30' min. weft. Cape Horn is fituated in 55 deg. 53 min. fouth latitude, and 68 deg. 13 min. weft long. The "Weather being calm, Mr. Banks failed in a fmall boat to ihoot birds, when he killed fome flieer-waters and fl^lbatroiics. At this time we found ourfelves to be 1 2 deg, •V. u' ROUNPTHE W0H.Jt.P, n deg. to the weflward, and three and a half to the northward of the Strcight of Magellan, having fronf the eafl entrance of the Streight, beep 33 days in fail- ing round Cape Horn. March ift. wc found ourfelvcs both by obfervation and the log, in hit. 38 deg. 44 min. fouth, and no dcg, 33 min. well longitude, a concurrence very fingular in a run of 660 leagues ; and which proved, that no cur- rent had affdfted the (Inip in her courfe ; and it was likewife concluded, that Ave had not come near land of jiny confiderable extent ; for currents arc always found at no great difttmcc from the iliore. On tbe 251th a juarin? abcut twenty thre v himfelf overboard, ou ac- count of a quarrel about a piece of feal ikin, which he took by way of a frolic ; but being charged widi it as a theft, he took the accufation fo much to heart, that in the duik of the evening he "threw himfelf into the jkuzud was drowned. On the 4th of April about ten o'clock A. M.-Pctcr Brifcoe, fervant to Mr. Banks, difcovered bud to the fouth, at the diftance of about three or four leagues. Captain Cook immediately gave orders to haul for it, when we found an iiland of an oval form, having ji' Jagoou or lake in the center, that extended over the greater part of it. The furrounding border of land was low and narrow in many places, efpecially towards the fouth, where the beach confifled of a reef of rocks. Several of the natives were difcovered on fliore j they appeared to be tall, with heads remarkable large, which probably fome bandage mighr have increafed.- ^Sorae of thcfe people were feen a-breaft of the ftiip, holding poles or pikes of twice their own heigth. They appeared alfo naked ; but when they retired, on the Ihip's pafling the illands, they put on a light co- . |oured covering. Our Captain called this place Lagoon ifland. 22 Captain Cook's first Voyage ifland. It lay in i8 deg. fouth lat. and 139 weft long. CHAP, HI, The Endeavour arrives at Otaheite, or George the Third's ifland— *-An account of feveral incidents dur- ing his ftay in this ifland-^Excurfions into the woods •— Vifits from feveral of the chiefs — The mufic of the natives, and their manner of burying their dead — Other cxcurfions and incidents, both on board and on fh.ore — Firft interview with Obcrea, the fuppofed Queen of the ifland — ^The quadrant ftolen, and the confequences — A vifit to Tootahah, . an Indian chief — A wrefl;lng match defcribed — . * European feeds are fown — ^The Indians give our peo- ple names « ON the nth we made Otaheite, or, as Captain Wallis had named it King George the Third's ifland. The calms prevented our approaching it till the morning, when a breeze fprung up, and feveral canoes were feen making towards the fliip. Few of them, however, would come near, and thofe who did could not be perfuaded to come on board. They had brought with them young plantains and branches of trees, which were hauled up the fliip's fide, and, by their defire, were fl:uck in confpicuous parts of the rigging, as tokens of peace and friendfliip. We iheii purchafed thtir commodities, confifting of cocoa-nuts, bannas, bread-fruit, apples and figs, which werar very 4 Round the World. a3 very acceptable to the crew. On the evening of the fame we pened the north- weft point of the ifle, to which the Dolphin's people had given the name of York ifland. We lay off and on all night, and In the morning of the 13th we entered Port Royal harbour in ihe ifland of Otaheite, and anchored within half a mile of the fhore. Many of the natives came off im- mediately in their canoes, and brought with them bread-fruit, cocoa nuts, apples, and fome hops, »vhich they bartered for beads and 6ther trinkets with the Ihip's company. Among thofe who came on board the Endeavour, was an elderly man, named Owhaw, known to Mr, Gore and others who had vifited this ifland with captain Wallis. Owhaw being confidered by our gentlemen as a very ufeful man, they ftudied to pleafe him, and to gratify all his wiflies. As our continuance in George's ifland was not likely to be very fliort, certain rules were drawn up to be obferved by every perfon on board, for the better eftablifliing a regular trade with 'the natives. The fubftance ofthefe rules were, # '* That in order to prevent quarrels and confufioi^^ every one of the fliip's crew fliould endeavour H^treat the indabitants of Otaheite with humanity, and by all fair means to cultivate a friendfliip with them. That no officer, feaman, or other perfon, belonging to the fliip, excepting fuch only who were appointed to barter with the natives, fliould trade, or offer to trade for any kinds of provifions, fruit, or other produce of the ifland, without having exprefs leave fo to do. That no perfon fliould embezzle, trade, or offer to trade with any part of the fliip's (lores j and that no fort of iron, or any thing made of iron, nor any fort of c!oth» or other ufeful article in the fhip, fliould be given in . " exchange V H Captain Coidk's FIRST VovAcfe li exchange for ahy thing but provifion." Thefe necef- iary rules were ifigned by Capt. Cook, andj being his orders, to the non-obfervance of thenn were annexed certain penalties, befides the punilhment aeeord'ing to the ufual cuftom of the navy. When the baik was properly fecured, C.pt. Coook, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solander, went on fhbre, with ^ partyimder arms, and their friend the old Indian. They were recciv«id by fonie of the natives with awe and reverence, who exchanged the tokens of peacc^ and offered to condudl them to a fpot of ground, which'wouldbe more convenient for them to occupy, than where they hnd landed. On thtir way, the Englitb made the Indians forne prefents, which the latter very thankfully received. They now took a circuit of about four miles through groves of bread- fruit and cocoa-trees. Intermingled with thefe were the dwellings of the natives, which confided of huts without, walls. In the courfe of their journey they found but few fowls or hogs, and underftood, that none of their condudlors, nor any of the people they had hitherto feen, were perfons of rank in the ifland. Thofe of our crew who had been before at Otaheite were likewife of opinion, that the Qjieen's reiidence liad b^cn removed, as no trace of it were now to be difcovered. Next day, in the. ttiorning, before they could leave the fhip, feveral canoes came about her filled with people, whofedrefs denoted them to be of the fuperior clafs. Two of thefe came on board, and each of tlicm £xed upon a friend : one of them chofe Mr. Banks, and the other Capt. Cook. The ceremonials confilled of taking off their cloaths in gi*eat part, and putting 'them upon their adopted friends. This compliment .was returned by out gentlanea prcfcnting them with fomc 4 W J necef- ;ing his mnexed ding to Coook, , with ^ Indian, ith awe f peace, ground, occupy, a}^, the ich the took a bread- fe were of huts ey they hat none icy had iiland. Dtaheite elidence ^ to be Round the World. 25 fonle trinkets. They then made figns for their new friends to go with them to the place of their abode ; and the latter being defirous of being acquainted with the people, and finding out a more convenient harbour, accepted the invitation, and went with them, accom- panied by Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, Capt. Cook, and others. We all landed in two boats at the diftance of three miles, among a great number of the natives, who conduced us to a large habitation, where we were introduced to a middle-aged man, named Tohta- hah. When we were feated, he prefented to Mr. Banks, a cock, a hen, and a piece of perfumed cloth, which compliment was returned by a prefentfrom Mr. Banks. We w^re then conduced to feveral other large dwellings, wherein we walked about with great freedom. The ladies fo far from fhunning, invited, and even prelTcd us to be feated ; by frequently point- ing to the mat upon the ground. Walking afterward? along the fliore, we met, ac- companied by a great number of natives, another chief, named Tubourai Tamaide, with whom we fet- tled a treaty of peace, in the manner before defcribed. This chief gave us to underfland, that he had provifions at our fervice, if we chofe to eat, which he produced, and we dined heartily upon bread-fruit, plantains, and filh. During this vifit, Tomio, the chiePs wife, placed herfelf upon the fame mat with Mr. Banks, clofe by him ; but as flie was not young, nor appeared ever to have poffcfTed many charms, this gentleman paid little attention to her ; and Tomio received an additional mortification, when Mr. Bai^s beckoned to a pretty girl, who came and placed herfelf by him. The princefs was fomewhat chagrined at tliis prefer- ence given to her rival. This whimfical fcene was interrupted by an event of a more ferious nature ; Dr. Solander having miffed his opera glafs, a complaint was Numb. 2, .■'■-'' D made 46 Captain Cook's first Voyage made to the chief, which interrupted the convivial party. The complaint was inforced by Mr. Banks's Starting up and ftriking the but-«nd of his mufquet againft the ground, which ftruck the Indians with fuch a panic, that all of them ran precipitately out of the houfe, except the chief and a few others of the fii- perior clafs. That no difadvantageous notions might be entertained of them on account of this circumftance, the chief obferved, with an air of great probity, that the place whicli the Doftor had mentioned on this occafion, was not within his diftrift, but he would fend to the chief of it, and endeavour to recover it, adding, that if this could not be done, he would make the Doftor compenfation, by giving him .as ■much new cloth as ihould be thought equal to the value. The cafe however was brought in a little time, and the glafs itfelf foon after. After this adventure Was amicably terminated, we returned to the fliip about fix in the evening. On Saturday the r5th, in the morning, feveral of the chiefs came on board, bringing with them hogs, and other refreflunents, in exchange for which they received Knen, beads, and other trinkets; but fome of them took the liberty of ftealing the lightening chain. This day the captain, attended by Mr. Banks, and fome of the other gentleinea, went on fliore, to fix on a proper fpot to ereft a fort for their defence, during their flay on the ifland, and the ground was accordingly marked out for that purpofe : a great cumber of the natives looking on all the while, and liehaving in the moll peaceable and fiueudly manner. Mr. Banks and his friends having fecn few hogs and poultry in their walks, they fufpcfted that they had been driven up the country ; for which reafon they d^terroined to penetrate into the woods, the tent ^cing. Round the WoRLt). *7 leral of n hogs, h they feme iteuhig Bunks, lore, to efence, liid was great , and incr. [gs and :y had they le tent being. being guarded by a petty officer, and a party of ma- rines. On this excurfion icvcral of the natives ac- . iompanied the Englifli. While the party were on their march, they were alarmed by the difcharge of two pieces fired by the guard of the tent. Owhaw haying no-yv calied together the captain's party, dil- perfed all the Indians, except three, who in token of rlietr fidelity broke branches of trees, according ta their cultom, and whom it was thought proper to. retain. When they returned to the tent, they found that an Indian having fnatched away one ojf the centi- n^Fs niufquets, a young midftiipman, \yho commande4 the party, was fo imprudent as to give the marines or- ders to fire, which were obeyed, and many- of the natives were wounded ; but this did not fatisfy them, as the offender had not fiillen, they therefore purfued him and revenged the theft by his death. This aft.ion, which was equally iiiconfiftent with policy and huma- nity, could not but be very difpleafing to Mr. Banks ; but as what had paflTed could not be recalled, nothing remained but to endeavour to accommodate matters with the Indians. Accordingly he crofl'ed the river, where he met an old man, through whofe meditation feveral of the natives were prevailed to come over iq, them, and to give the ufual tokens of friendfliip. Mr. Banks on the 17th, had the misfortune to,lofe. Mr. Buchan, The fame day they received a vifit from. Tubourai Tamaide, and Tootahah. They brought, with them fome plantain branches, and till thefe were received, they w^uld not venture on board. They* bartered fome braad-fruit and a hog, which was ready dreffcd, for nails, with the EngUlh. Tubourai Tamaide vifited Mr. Banks at his tent on Wednefday the 19th, and brought with him his vvift? and family. He afterwards alked that gentleman to, accompany \ > 28 Captain Coqk's first Voyage accompany him to the woods. On their arrival at a place where he fometimeg refided, he prefented his guefts with two garments, one of which was of red cloth, and the other was made of fine matting; having thus clothed Mr. Banks, he condvided him to the (hip, and (laid to dinner with his wife and fon. On the 22d we '^ert entertained by fome of the mu» ficians of the country, who performed on an inftrur ment fomcwhat refembling a German flute, bat the performer blew through his noftril inftead of hi» mouth, and others accompanied this inflrument, fing- jng only one tune. On the 24th, Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander made an ^xcurfion into the country and found it level and fertile along the Ihore, for about two miles to the eaftward"; after which the hills reached quite to the water's edge ; and farther on they ran out into the fea. Hav- ^n^ palTed thefc hi|ls, which continue^ about three miles, we came to an extenfive plain, abounding with good habitations, and the people feemed to enjoy a confiderable fhare of property. This place was ren-; yhere it v/as concealed. Having proceeded a few miles together, after fome enquiry, Tubourai Tamaide was informed who the thief was, and it Was found that he was then at a place about four miles diftant. As they had no fire arms but a brace of piftols, nor caring to truft themfelves fo far from the fort, a mcfllige was difpatched to Capt. Cook,! requefting •t Round the WorlOj 33 Irequefting him to fend out a party to fupport them. The Captain accordingly fet out with a party properly armed, after having laid an embargo upon all the ca-» noes in the bay. In the mean time, Mr. Banks And Mr. Grcert pro- ceeded on their way, and at the place which had been mentioned, were met hy one of Tubourai Tamaid*s dwn people, bringing with lihn part of the qliadrant ; the cafe and the other parts of the inftrument were recovered foon afterwards, when it was found that it had received no real injury, though it had been taken to piecesi When they returned in the evening, they were much {uvprifed to find Tootahah under confinement in the fort, while a croud of natives furrounded the gate^ difcovering marks of the grcateft anxiety for the fate of their chief. The occafiort of this- detention origi- nated from the conduct of the Indians : alarmed atCapti Cook's having gone up the country with an armed party, moH: of the natives left the fort that evening, and one of the canoes attempted to iquit the bay* The lieutenant who commanded on board the fliip, having it in charge not to fuffer any canoe to depart, fent a boat to detain her, but flie no fooner approached, thaii the Indians jumped into the fea* Tootahah being of the number, was taken up, and fent by the lieutenant to the officer that commanded at the fort, who con*, ■eluded he flK)uld do right to detain lH^i||f.p|tifoneri \\]\\\c the poor chief thought of nothing oupSCTfig put to dcat^', cill Capt. Cook caufed him to be returned, to 'the great joy of his countrymen. On the 3d provifions were extremely fcarcc, as the markets continued to be ill fupplied on the account already mentioned; and it Was not without fome difS- £ culty^ 14 Captain Cook's first Voyage culty, that Mr. Banks got a few bafkets of bread- fruit. However, fome time afterwut-ds, having pro- duced fome nails to barter for provifionSy we got twenty cocoa-nuts and fome bread-fruit, for one of the fmalleft fizc, fo that we foon had plenty of thefe arti- cles, though no hogs. On the toth in the forenoon, Oberea paid us a vifk, accompanied by Obadee, prefenting us with a hog and fome bread-fruit. This was the firft vifit w6 had re- ceived from this lady, fmce the lofs of our quadrant, and the confinement of Tootahah. By this time our forge was fet up, which afforded a new fubjeft of ad- Aiiration to the Indians, and to Capt. Cook ah addition- al opportunity of conferring obligations on them, by permitting the finith, to convert the old iron, which they were fuppolcd to have procured from the Dolphin, into different kind of tools. Oberea produced as much iron as would have made for her another axe; this flie requefted to have done;; but the lady could not be gratified in this particular, upon which (lie brought a broken axe, defiring it might be mended. The axe "Was mended, and to all appearance (he was content. On the nth we fowed, in ground properly prepared^ feeds of melons, and other plants, but none of them came up except mufbrd. Mr. Banks thought the fceds were fpoiled by a tqtal exchifion of frefli air, ithey having all been put into fmall bottles, and fealei «p with rofiflr C H A P. Round tHe World, m^mmm^^'^r^^ C H A P. IV. ^n extraordinary vifit-r-Divine fervice attended by the natives of Oialieite--rAn nncommon fight — ^Tubourai Tamaide found guilty of theft — A relation of what happened at the fort, when obferving the Tranfit of . Venus — A defcription of an Indian funeral — Prepa- rations made for leaving the ifland — An account of their departure, and the behaviour of the natives oil this occadon. ON the 1 2th of this month (May) an uncommoA ceremony was performed by fome of the natives* As Mr. Banks was fitting in his boat, trading with them as ufual, fome ladies, who were ftrangers, ad- vanced in proccflion towards him. The reft of the Indians on each fide gave way, and formed a lane for the vilitors to pafs, who coming up to Mr. Banks, pre- fented him with fome parrots feathers, and various kinds of plants. Tupid who ftood by Mr. Banks, afted as his mafter of the ceremonies, and receiving the branches, which were brought at fix different times^ laid down in the boat. After this fome large bundles of cloth were brought, confiding of nine pieces, di- vided into three parcels, one of the yromen, called Oorattooa, who appeared to be the principal, fleppiug upon one of them, pulled up her cloathcs as high as her waift, and then, with an air of unaffefted firapli- city, turned round three times. This ceremony flic repeated, with funilar circumftances, on the other two parcels of cloth ; and the whole being then prefented rttJVIr. Banks, th? hhmet was upon the fun, and acquainted them, that to view it in tuat fituatiou was the caufe of his undcrta]:ing a voyage to thofe remoter parts. Ac- cording to this gentleman's account, the produce of this illand is nearly the fame with that of Otaheite j the people alfo refembled ihofe of that iiland ; he had feen many of them upon it who were acquainted with the nature of trading articles. The parties that i^'ere fent out to make their obfervations on the tranfit, had good fuccefs in their undertaking: though they-dif-- fered rather more than might have been expe<5ted in tjheir account of the contad. Mr. Green*s accoant was as follows : The fidl external conta£> The firfl internal contact, or total emerfion, . - - - The fecond internal contac% - or beginning of the emcr- fion - r The fecond external conta<^, or total emerllon - - - 9 9 25 44 »4 32 Latitude of the obfcrvatory 17 deg. 29 min. 15 fee. fouth ; — longitude, 149 deg. 32 min. 30 fee, weft from Greenwich. While the (Tcntlcmen o and officers were bufied in viewing the traniii;, Ibme of the fliii)'s company having broke into the llorc-rgom, took the hberty ct ftealing « Round the World. i!^ a quantity of fpikc-nuils. After a ftrift fearch the thief was found out; he had, however, but few of the nails in his poffeflion ; but he was ordered to receive two dozen of lafhcs, by way of example. On the 4th, an old female of fome diftin6lion dy- ing, gave us an opportunity of obferving the ceremo- nies ufed by thefe iflanders in difpofmg of the dead bodies of their people. In the front of the fquare fpace, a fort of ftile was placed where the relations o£, thedeceafed flood to give token of their grief. There were under the awning fome pieces o<- cloth, whereon ■were the tears and Hood of the mourners, who ufed to wound themfelves with a fhark's tooth upon thefe oGcafions. Four temporary houfes were eredled at a ftnall diftanee, in one of which remained fome of the relations ot the deceafed ; the chief mourner refided in another J and was drfeffed in a particular manner, \n order to perform a. certain^ ceremony. When the eorpfe is rotteil, the bones, are buried near the fpot.^ Concerning the ceremony we are about to fpeak of the following is the account we have of it, which may not be unervtertaining to the reader. It was performed on the roth, and Mr. Banks was fo deiirous of b^ing prefent, that he agreed to take a part in it, wnen he was informed that he could not be a fpcdlatqi on any other condition. ,. i>iTi ' ; He went accordingly in the evening, to the place where the body was to be depofited, where he was met by tlie relations of the deceafed, ard was after- wards joined by feveral other perfons. Tubourai Tamaide was the principal mourner, whofe drefs was whimfical, -ihough not altogether ungraceful. Mr. Banks waS' obliged to quit his European drefs, and had, no other covering than a fmall piece of cloth that was, tied round hh middle j his body was blacked over with' charcoal \ 4® Captain Cook's PI R9T VoaVge charcoal and water, as were the bodies of feveral others, and among them fome females, who were no more covered than himfelf. The proceJlJon then be- gan, and the chief mourner uttered fome words which were judged to be a prayer, when he approached the body, and he repeated thefe words as he came up to his own houfe. They afterwards went on, by per- miflion, towards the fort. It is ufual for the reft of the Indians to fhun thefe procefllons as much as poffi- blci they accordingly ran into the woods in great hafte as foon as they came in view; .From the fort the mourners proceeded along the (bore, crolTed the river, then entered the woods, pat- fmg feveral hcufes, which became immediately immha- bited, and during the reft of the proceflloui which continued for half an hour, not an Indian was vifible. |i/Sr. Banks filled an office that they called Niniveh^ and .riiere vere two others of the fame character. When none of the other natives were to be .feen» they ap- proached the chief mourner, faying Imatara; then thofe who had aflifted at the ceremoBy bathed in the river, and refumed their former drefs. Such was this uncom- mon ceremony, in which Mr. Banks performed a pria- cipal part, and received applaufe from Tubourai Ta-^. maide, the chief mourner. What can have introduced amonty thefe Indians fo (Irange a cuflom as that of ex-^ pofing their dead above ground, till the flefh is con- futed by putrefadlion, and then burying their bones, it is perhaps impofiible to giiefs; nor is it lefs diificuU to determine, why the repolitories of ^their dead Should be a'fo places of worlhip. li- \ /.' ■ • ■ ■ • ...... • . I . . On the mhf the Indians having loft fome of their bows and arrow:?, and ftiings of plaited hair, a com- plaint wrs made * to the captain. Tlie affair was enquired Round the World. 41 enquired into, and the faft being well attefled, the of-* fenders received each two dozen of laftics. On the 14th, in the night,' an iron coal-rake for the^ riven was ftole ; and many other things having at dif-* ferent times been conveyed away, Capt. Cook judged it of fome confequence, to put an end, if poffible, to fuch praftices, by making it their common intereft to prevent it. He had already given ftri6l orders, that the cehtinals lliould hot fire upon the Indians, eveii if they were detefted in the faft ; but many repeated de- predations determined him to make reprizals* A few days after, tWenty-feven of their double canoes with iails arrived, containing cargoes of fifli j thefe the Captain feized, and they gave notice, that imlefs the rake, and all the other things that had been fit.', were returned, the veffel Ihould be burnt. i ac menaces produced no other effeft than the refti- tution of the rake, all the other things remaining in their poffeffion. The Captain, however, thought fit to ?'"c up the cargoes, as the innocent natives were in great diflrefs for want of them, and in order to prevent the confufion arifing from difputes concerning the property of the different lots of goods which they had on board. On tii^ igiti in the evenings Awhile the cailoes were flill detained, Oberea and feveral of her attendants paid us a ■ '<» . She came from Tootahah*s palace, in a double c r> ".nd brought with her a hog, tread- fruit, and G Ji :r prefents, but not a fmgle article of the things that had been ftoleii ; thefe flie faid had been taken away by her favourite Obadee, whom {he had beaten and difmilTed. She feemed however con- fcious that her Hory did not deferve credit, and ap- peared at firft much terrified j though Ihe furmounted E her 42 Captain Cook^s first Voyage her fears with great fortitude, and was defirous of lleeping with her attendants in Mr. Banks's tent; but this being refufed, flie was obliged to pafs the night m her canoe. The next morning Oberea returned, putting herfelf wholly in our power, when we accepted of her prefents, which Hie doubtlefs thought, and juftly too, the moft efFe£lual means to bring about a reconciliation. On June the 26th, Capt. Cook fetting out in the pinnace with Mr. Banks, failed to the eaftward, whh a defign of circura-navigating the ifland. They went on fliore in the forenoon, in a diftrift in the government of Ahio, a young chief, who at their tents had fre- quently been their vifitant. Afterwards they pro- ceeded to tlie harb^ ; '"""re M. Bougainville's veffel ky, and the fpot whei\ pitched his tent. Coming ta a large bay, when the Englilli gentlemen mentioned their defign of going to the other fide, theif Indian giude, faid he would not accompany them, and alfo endeavoured to diffuade the captain and his peo- ple from going ; obferving, " That tlie country was " inhabited by people who were not fubjeft to Toota- " hah, and who would deftroy them alk*' Notwith- ftanding, they refolved to put their defigns into execu- tion, loadmg their piftols with ball ; fo at laft he ven- tured to go with them. Having rowed till it was dark, they reached a narrow iftifimus which fevered* the ifland in^ two parts, and thefe formed diftinft go- vernments. However, as they had not yet got inta the hoftile part of the country, it was thought proper to go on fliorc to fpcnd the night where Ooratova, \\\e lady who had paid her compliments in fo extraordinary a manner at the fort, provided them with a fupper^ and they proceeded for the other government in the morniog. They Round the World, 43 They afterwards landed in the difl:ri<5l: of a chief called Maraitata. Thefe people gave the Captain a very good reception, fold them a hog for a hatr chet, and furniihcd them with provifions. Though the country was apparently fertile, very little bread- fruit was to be found here, a nut called ahee furnifliing the principal fubftance of the inhabitants. Being fatigued with their journey, they went tn board their boat, and landed in the evening on an ifland which was called Otooareite, to fcek for refreftiment. Mr. Banks going into the woods for this purpofe, when it was dark could difcoyer only one houfe, wherein he found fome of the nuts before mentione4 and a little bread-fruit. There was a good harbour in the fouthern part of this illand, and the furrounding country appeared to be extremely fruitful. When they left the place the chief piloted them over the flioals. In the evening they opened the bay on the north-weft fide of the ifland, which anfwered to that on the fouth-eaft in fuch a manner as to interfeft it at> the ifthmus. Several canoes came off here, and fome beautiful women giving tokens that they fliould be glad to fee them afliore, they readily accepted the in- vitation. ^They met with a very friendly reception from the chief, whofe name was Wiverou, who gave direftions to fome of his people to affift them in drefs- ing their yiftuals, which were now very plentiful, and they fupped at Wiverou*s houfe, in company with Mathiabo. Part of the hpufe was allotted for them to fleep in, and foon after fuppcr they retired to reft, Mathiabo having borrovfed a cloak of Mr. Banks« under the notion of ufing it as a coverlet when he lay down, made off with it without being perceived, either by that gentleman or his companipps. How- ever, new 8 of the robbery being prcfcntly Ijrought f 44 Cai»t AiN Cook's FiRS T Vo A Yc E . them by one of the natives, they fet out in purfuit of Maihiabo, but had proceeded only a very httle way before they were met by a perfon bringing back the cloak which the chief had given up rather through fear than from any principal of honefly. On their return they fouud the houfe quite deferted ; and about four in the rooming, the centinal gave the alarm that the boa^; was miffing. Capt. Cook and Mr. Banks were greatly allonilhed at this account, and ran to the wjiter fide; but though It was a clear ftar-light morning no boat was to be fcen. Their fituation was now ex- tremely difagreeable. The party confided of no more ^han four, having with them only one miifquet and two ipocket piftols, without a fp^re ball or a charge of- powder. After having remained fome time in a ftate of anxiety, arifing from thefe circumftances, of which they feared the Indians mipht take advantage, the boat which had been driven away by the tide, returned; and Mr. Banks and his companions had no fobner brcakfailed than they departed. This place is fituated on the north fide of Tiarrabou, the fouth call: peninfula of the ifland, about five miles eaft from the iflhmus, with an harbour equal to any in thofe parts. It was fertile and populous, and the inhabitants every where behaved with great Civility. . • Oil Friday the 30th, they arrived at Otahorou, where they found their old acquaintance Tootahah, ;ypho received them with great civihty, and provided them a good fupper, and convenient- lodging; and though rhey had been fo ftiamefully plundered the lad time they llept with this chief, they fpent the liight with the greatcft fccurity, none of their cloaths ' nor any other article being miffing the next morn- ing. They returned to the fort at Port-Royal / ^ .' " «' Harbour Round the, World. AS IHarbour on the firft of July, having difcovercd the liflasd, including both peninUilas, to be about ico railed in circumference. On the 3d, Mr. Banks made an excurfion, in order to trace the river up the valley to its fource, and to re- [jnark hojv far the country was inhabited along the ■)anks of it. He took. Indian guides with him^ and ifter having feen houfcs for about fix miles, they came io one which was faid to be the lad that could be met ivith. The matter prefented them a ith cocoa-nuts and )thers fruits, and they proceeded on their walk, after a lort ftay. They often pafled through vaults formed )y rocky fragments in the courfe of their journey, in vhich, as they were toldj benighted travellers fome- iimes took (belter. Purfuing the courfe 6f the river ^b6ut fix miles farther, they found it banked on both ides by rocks almoft 100 feet in height, and nearly terpendicular i a way, however, mioht be traced up Ihefe precipices, along which their Indian guides would iave condu(5led them, but they declined the offer, as [here did not appear to be any thing at the fummit /hich could repay thsm for the toil and dangers of ilcending it, Mr. Banks fought in vain for minerals among le rocks, which were naked almoft on all fides, but io mineral fubftances were found. The ftones every ^ here exhibited figns of having been burnt, which /as the cafe of all the ftones that were found while /e ftaid at Otahcite, and both there and in the neigu- [ouring iflands the traces of fire were evident in the lay upon the hills. ' ■ ' On the 4th, a great quantity of the feeds of water- lelons, oranges, limes, and other plants, brought from Rio de Jaaeirg were planted on each fide oi the ^ ' ' ' " - ~ ~ fort, ' il f 46 Captain Cook's FIRST Voyage fort, by Mr Banks, who alfo plentifully fupplied the Indians with them, and planted many of them in the ^ woods. By this time they began to think of making prepa- rations to depart i but Omao and Oberea, and their fon and daughter vifited them before they were ready to fail. The fon of VVaheatua, chief of the fouth-eaft pe- ninfula, was alfo here at the fame time \ and they were favoured with the company of the Indian who had! been (b dexterous as to (leal the quadrant, as beforel related. The carpenters beine ordered to take down the! gates and palifadoes of the fort, to be converted into fire-wood ; one of the natives ftole the ftaple and hookj of the gatej he waspurfued, in vain, but the property! •was afterwards recovered, and returned to the owners; by Tubourai Tamaidc. Before their departure, two circumftances happened! which gave Capi. Cook fome uneafinefs. The firft was! that two foreign failors having been abroad, one ofl them was robbed of his knife, which as he was en-i deavouring to recover, he was dangeroufly hurt with al ftone by the natives, and his companion alfo received al flight wound in the head. The offenders efcaped, and! the captain was not anxious to have them taken, as he| did not want to have any difputes with the Indians. Between the 8th and pth, two ycjng marines onel night withdrew themfelves from the fort, and in the! morninfl were not to be met with. Notice having beenl given the next day that the (hip would fail that or thel enfuing day ; as they did not return, Capt. Cook began! to be apprehenfive that they defigned to remain on ftiorej but as he was apprifed in fuch acafe no effedual means! could be taken to recover them wlfhout running a rifquel of def^roying the harmopy fubfiftlng between the Eng{ '" lift Round the World. 4T lufh and the natives, he refolved to wait a day in hopes ?f their returning of their own accord. But as they ^ere ft ill mifling on the tenth in the morning, an cn- luiry was made after them, when the Indians declared, Biat they did not propofe to return, having taken re- fuge among the mountains, where it was impoflible for [hem to be difcovered ; and added, that each of them lad taken a wife. In confequcncc of this, it was inti- lated to feveral of the chiefs that were in the fort with ^he women, among whom were Toubourai Tamaide, 'omio, and Obcrea, that they would not be fuffered to juit it till the defertcrs were produced. They did not lew any figns of fear or difcontent> but affiired the 'aptain the marines (hould be fent back. In the mean lime Mr. Hicks was difpatchcd in the pinnace to bring 'ootahah on board the fhip, and he executed his com- liflion without giving any alarm. Night coming on Capt. Cook thought it not prudent to let the people, whom he had detained as hoftages, [remain at the fort ; he therefore gave orders to remove them on board, which greatly alarmed them all, efpe- cially the females, who teftified the moft gloomy ap-* [prehenlions by floods of tears. Capt. Cock cfcorted lOberea and others to th^ ^ip > but Mr. Banks re* imained on (hore with fome Indians, whom he thought lit of lefs importance to detain. In the evening one of the marines was brought back by fome of the natives, who reported that the other and two of our men who went to recover them, would be detained while Toota- i hah was confined. Upon this Mr. Hicks was difpatched in the long boat with a ftrong body of men to refcue the prifoners ; at the fame time the Captain told Too- tahah, that it was incumbent on him to aflift them with fome of his people, and to give orders in his name, that the men fliould be fet at liberty ; for that he would be cxpcded toanfw^r for the event. Tootabah imme- diately • I 48 Captain Cook's first Voyage diately complied, and this party releafed the meft without oppofuion. On the iith, about (even in the nriorning, they re- turned, but without the arms, which had been taken from them when they were made;[prifoner ; thefc, however, being reftpred foonafterj the chiefs on board were allowed to return, and thofe who had been de- tained on (hore were alfo fet at libertyi On examining the deferters it appeared, that the Indians had told the truth, they having chofen two girls, with whom they would have remained in the ifland. At this time the power of Oberea was not fo great as it was when the Dolphin firft difcovered the iflard. Tupia, whofe name has been often mentioned in this voyage, had been her prime minifter. He had a knowledge of navigation, and was thoroughly acquainted with the number, fituation, and inhabitants of the adjacent iflands. This chief had often expreffed a defire to go with us when we continued our voyage* On the I "th in the morning he came on board, with a boy about twelve years of age, his fervant, named Taiyota, and lequelxed the gentlemen on board, to let him go with him. As we thought he might be ufeful to us in many particulars, we unanimoufly agreed to comply with his requeft. Tupia then went on (hore for the lad time to bid farewel to his friends, to whom he gave feveral baubles, as parting tokens of remem- brance. Mr. Banks, after dinner, being willing to obtain a drawing of the Moraia, which Tootahah had in his pOiTeilion at Eparre, Capt. Cook accompanied him thither in the pinnace, together with Dr. Solander. They immediately upon landing repaired to Toota- hah's houfe, where they were met by Oberea and feve- ral ^ U N P T fit \Y Khbt * 49 rai others; A general good ynderftanding prevailed- Tupia caracback with them, and they promifed to view the gentlemen early the next day, as they were told they ihould then fail. . On the 1 3th, thefe friendly people came very early on boards and the (hip was furrounded with a vaft number of canoes, filled with Indians of the lower fort. Between eleven and twelve We weighed anchor ; and notwithftanding all the little mifunderftandings between the Englifti and the natives, the latter, who pofTeffcd a great fund of godd nature and mu,ch fenfibility, took ihcir leave, weeping in an affeftionate mannen As to Tupia, he fupported himfelf through this fcene with a becoming fortitude. Tears flowed frdm his eyes, it is true, but the effort he made to conceal them, did him additional honour. He went with Mr; Banks to the maft-hcad, and waving his hand, took a laft farewel of his country.. Thus we departed from OtaheitC| aftCJ* a ftay of jail three months. C it A p. V. An hiflorical and dtfcriptive account of Caheite-^—Of the iiland and its produ^ions-^Of the inhabitants^* their drefs — dwellings — manner of living — ^Diverfions —and difeafe. PORT Royal bay, in the ifland of Otahcite, W6 found to be within h^f a degree of its real fitua-^ ; JIumb. 3» G tioDi fi^ Captain Cook's first VoVao* tfon; and point Venus; the northern extremity of this tiland^ and the caflern part of the bay, lies in 1 44 deg. Jo min. long. A reef of coral rocks furround the ifland, for ■ ing fcvcral excellent bays, among which, and equal to the bcft of them, is Port Royal. The moft proper ground for anchoring, is on the eaftern fide of the bay. The (hore is a fine fandy beach, be- hind which runs a river of frefli water, very conveni- ent for a fleet of (hips. The face of the country is ▼ery uneven. It rifes in ridges that run up into the middle of the tfland, where they form mountains which may be feen at the diftance of fixty miles. The only parts of the ifland that are inhabited, are the low lands, lying between the foot of the ridges and the fca. The houfes do not form villages, but are ranged along the whole border. Before them are little groups of plan- tain trees, which f urnifli them w ith cloth. According to Tupia's account, this ifland could furnifli above 6oco fighting men. The produce is bread-fruit, cocoa nuts, bananas, fweet potatoes, yams, jumbu, a delicious fruit, fugar-cane, the paper mulberry, feveral forts of figs, with many ether plants and trees, all which the earth produces fpontancoufly. The people in general are of a larger make than the Europeans. The males are moflly tall, and robuil, and the women above the fize of our Englifli ladies. Their natural complexion is of a fine clear olive, their fkin delicately finooth and foft. Their faces in general arc handfome, and their eyes full of fenfibility. Their teeth are remarkably white amf regular, and thea: breath is entirely free from any difagreeable fmell. They cloath themfelves in cloth and matting of va- rious kinds : the firft they wear in fine, the latter in wet weather. The women of a fuperior clafs wear three pr fovir pieces* One, \rhtch is of confiderable .length, 11^ o u K THE World. H length, they wrap fevcral times round their waift, ;ind falls down to the middle of the leg. Two or three other fhort pieces, with a hole cut in the middle of cach> are placed on one another, and their heads coming through the holes, the long ends hang before and be-»i hind, both fides being open, by which means they have the free ufe of their armsi The men*5 drcfa is very fimilar, differing only in this inftancc, and one part of the garment inflead of falling^ below the knees, is brought between the legs. This drefs is worji by all ranks of people, tjie only diflinc* tion being quantity in the fuperior clafs. The boys and girls go quite naked; the nrft till they are feven or eight year^ old j the latter till they are about five on fix. The natives of Otahcitc feldom ufe their houfe^i but to fleep in, or to avoid the rain, as they eat in the open air. Their cloaths ferve them for a covering in e night. We faw houfes that are general receptacles .. the inhabitants of a diftrift, many of them being more than 200 feet iii length, 40 in breathy and 70 op 80 feet high. Their cookery cpnfifts cftiefly in baking, the manner of doing which has been noticed. When a chief kilU a hog, he divides it equally among his vaflals. Whca the bread "fruit is not ia Icafon, cocoa-nuts, bananas, and plantains, are fubftituted in their (lead. They bake their bread-fruit in a manner which renders it fojncwhas like a mealy potatoe. Of this three diflies are made, by beating them up with bananas, plantiains, or four pafte, which is called by them raahie. The chief cats generally alone, unleft when vifited by a ftranger. Not having known the ufe of a table^ they J» Captain <2ook*8 ?jr»t VoaVc? they fit on the ground, and 1 ves of trees (pread be- fore them ferve as a table cloth. They then begin their meals with the ceremony of waftiing their mouths and hands; after which tliey eat a handful of bread- fruit and fi(h, dipt in fait water alternately, 'till the whole is confumed, taking a fjp of fait *vater between almoft every mprfel. The bit adr fruit a,nd filh is fuq- ceeded by the fecond courfe. During this time a foft fluid of piafte is prcpare4 from the breadrfruit, which they dnnk out of cocoa-nut ftiells : this concludes the meal ; and their hands ai;id mouths are again waihed a^ at the beginning. Onp of the worft euftoms of the people of Otaheite |8, that TJ^hich feveral of the pjrincipal people of the ifland have adopted of uniting in an aflbciation, where- in no woman confines herfelf to any particular man» hj which ipieans they obtain a perpetual £()ciety. The fnembcr? have meetings where the men. amuw thefffeives with wreftling, and the women dance the tiruprodee, in fuch a manner, as is moft likely to ex- cite the defires ojf the other fex, Sind which were fre*. quently gratified in the ^ITembly* A much worfe prac- tice is the confcquence of this. If any of the women prove with child, the infant is dcftroyed, unlcfs the mother's natural affe^ion* iftiould prevail with her to preferve its life, which, however, is forfeited unlefs fhe can procure a man to adopt it. And where (he fuc- ceeds in this, flie is expelled from the fociety, being called WhaniJownow, which fignifies the beiirer of chil? ^ren, by way of reproach. ' ' . Soon after our ai:rival at Otaheite, we were ap.« prifed of the natives having the French difeafe among them. The iffanders call it by a name expreflive of jts effects, obfcrving that the hair and nails of thofe who Wfrc iirft.infefted by it, fell off, and the flefh rot* «■- ■••^ ■•■—•■ ■ . .. - . . ■ . ^^^ |i D N D THE Wo R L D. 5? ted from the bonesj \yliile their countrymen, f^nd even ncarc(l relations, who were upaffefted, were fo mucl^ terrified at its fymptoms, that the unhappy fufFerer. was often forjfakeu oy tliem, aud left. to perifli ia the mof^ niifeiable condition. •wwr^MB C H A P» n The Endeavour continues her voyage — ^Vifits the iflands in the neighbourhood of Otaheite — An account 6i feveral inciilents, and of various particulars relative to the inhabitants — The paflage of the Endeavour frotn Oteroah to New Zealand — Events on going afliorc, and incidents while tne (hip was in Poverty Bay-^ The country deicribed — Excurfions to Cape Turna- gain, and return to Tolaga-^ — The inhabitants de- icribe^d, and a narrative of what happened ^yhile we v/ere on that part of the coaft — The range from Tolaga to Mercury Bay — Incidents that happened on board the Jindeavour and afhore — A defcription ^f the country — Sail from Mercury Bay to the !^^y of Iflands— Def9ripiion of the Indians on the banks of the Thames — Intervie and (kirmiUies with the natives — Range froni the bay of Iflands round North Cape. ON the t3th of July, 1769, after leaving the iflahd of Otaheite, we conpnued our courfe, with clear weather and a gentle breeze ; and were informed by Tupia, that four iflands which he called Huaheinc, yiicta, Ocaha, and Bolabola, were at the dillance ' of J4 .Captain Cook's first VoYAot bf about one and two days fail; and that hogs, fowls, and other refrelhments, very fcarce on board, where to be got there in great abundance. On the 15th we inade but little way, on acco.unt of the calms which fucceeded the light breezes. Tupia often prayed to his God Tane for a wind, and boalttd of his faccef*, which indeed he took care to infure, by never applying to Tane, till he faw a breeze fo near, that he knew it mull reach the (bip before his prayeij was concluded. On the 16th we founded near the north- weft part of the ifland of Hus^heine, but founid no, bottom ai 70 fa- thonns. Several of the canoes put off; but the Indians feemed fearful of corning near the bark till the fight n a rock, an, " two :atly ; but went along the Rcigh- ill. k6 tTNB tittfi WdRtD, If ind, the wind hairing jproved cohtrarjTi tn the ihorn* ig Mr. Banks arid Dr; Solander went in the long-boat ,/ith the niaftef, in order to foUnd a harbour on the eaft ide of the ifland, which they found fafe and conveni- Int. We then Went t>ri ihore and purchafed a l^ge Juantity of plantains, and forte hbgs and fowls. Thd )roduce of this ifland was much the fame with that of Tiieta, bat fecmcd to be more barren. We tlien made fiiii to the horlhwar^ an3 at cigtit 'clock on the 29th, We were under the high peaks ot lolabola. We found the iflarid maccellible in this )art. Oh the 30th, ws difcovercd an ifland which *upia called Maurua, but faid it was fmall, furrounded )y a reef, and without comriiddious harbour, but in- labited, and nearhr yield the fame produce as the Idjaccnt iflands* hi the aftcinoorii finding ourfelves b wihd^Ji :ird of fomc harbolir that lay on the weft fide* if l^lieta, w'e intcftded to put into one of them, in order [0 flop a leak TVfiich had fpltmg In the powder room. The wind being right againfl us, we plied on arid off [ill the afternoon of the ifl of Auguf!, when we tame bo an anchor in the entrance of the channel^ \vhich led Into one of fhe harbours. 6n tO^edricifday the and, when the tii(i ftiifned, W lanie into a proper place for mooring, in 28 fathom. Many of the natives came off', and brought hogs, fowls md plantains. Which were purchdfed u|)ota moderate terms; Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander Went on Ihore,. „id fpent thd day very agreeably j the natives fhewed them greAt rcfpeft : being conduced to the hot^s of th6 chief people. In orie houfe they obfervea fomc Very young girls drefTcd in the tieateft manner, who tept their places waiting for the flrangers to accoft Ithem; thefe girls were the- mofl beautiful the gcntkii ffiieri had erer feen. n iq I» Captain Cook's first Voyaoi In one of thefe houfes we were entertained with a «| dance. The performer put upon his head a large piece of wicker-work, about four feet long, of a cylin- drical form, covered with feathers, and edged round with fhark's teeth. With this head-drefs he began to ^ance with a flow motion ; frequently moving his head fo als to defcribc a circle with the top of his wicker- cap, icilid fometimes throwing it fo near the faces of the bye-danders as to make them jump back; this they confidered as an excellent piece of humour, and it always produced a hearty laugh, when pra£tifed upon dny of the Englifh gentlemen. On Saturday the 5th, fome hogs and fowls, and fe- Veral large pieces of cloth, many of them being fifty or iixty yards in length, together with a quantity of plan- tains and cocoa-nuts, were fent to Capt. Cook, as a prefent from the Earee Rahie of the ifland of Bolabola, accompanied with a meflage importing that he was then on the ifland, and intended waiting on the captain. On the 6th, the king of Bolabola did not vifit us agreeable to his promife ; his abfence, however, was tiot in the leaft regretted, as he fent three young wo- .^j men to demand fomething in return for his prefent. After dinner, we fet out to pay the king a viilt on fliore. As this man was the Earee Rahie of the Bolabola inan, who had conquered this, and were in dread of all the neighbouring iflands, we were greatly difappointed, in- ilead or finding a vigorous enterprifing young chief, to fee a poor feeble old dotard, half blind, and finking under the w eight of age and infirmities. He received us without either that ftate or ceremony which we had hitherto met with ampng other chiefs. On Wednelday the oth, having (lopped a leak, and taken en board a freih ftock of provifions, we failed out Round the World, 59 .at of the harbour : and though we were feveraj, leagues iiftant from the ifland of Bolabola, Tupia earneftly in- rreatedCapt. Cook, that a ftiot might be fired towards It ; which, to gratify him, the captain complied witl^- It was fuppofed to have been intended by Tupia as a nark of his refentment aga^ioft the inhabitants of that >lace, as they had formerly taken, from him large pot sifions which he held in the iflaad of Ulietea, of which land Tupia was a native, and^afubprdinajte chief, bu]t ns driven out by thefe warriors^ Being detained, longer at Ulietea iji: repairing the (hip ^lan we expefted, we did no goon^lhore at Bolabola; ^ut after giving the general name, of the Qoqiety Iflands, > the iflands. &aheine, Ulietea». Bolabola, Otaha, and laurua, which. Ues.between. the latitude of i^ deg. lo jin. and i$:deg. 55 min. fouth, wepurfued Qurcourfii landing fouthwardly for an ifland, to which, wcj. wers lire^ed by Tupia, at above 1 00 leagues diflant. This, ire difcovered on the 13th, and, wer(^ informed, by hinii was called Obiterea.. ' . ' - Gn the i4tl\ we flood in for land^ and faw. fevcral o£ the inhabitants coming along the fhore. One of th© Wtenantswas-difpatched in the pinnace to found for; mchorage,. and, to. obtaia what intelligence could be- ,rot from the natives concerning any land, that might: 50 farther to the ibuth.^. !Mr.. Banks, Dr. Sola^der andj Tupia went with the lieutenant in. the boat«. When. Ihcy approached the fliore,. tUey obferyed, that they Indians were armed with long lances,. J^ niimber; of ' jhem were foon drawn togetlicr oa the beach,, and, two; umped into the water, endeavouring to gain the boat, )ut fhe foon left them, and fome others that had made bhe fame attempt, far enough behind her. Having' loubled the point where they intended to land, they,: )pcned a large bay, and faw another party of the na- tives 6o Captain Cook'$ ?irst Voyage tives (landing at the end of it, armed like thofe whova , they had fecn before. Preparations were then pa4e for] landing, qn wl^ich a canoe full of Indians made off to- 1 "wards them. Qbferving this, Tupia received orders to acqnaipt them that the Engliih did npt intend to offer them violence, but meant ^o ti^afEc with them] for nails, which were produced. Thus informed they I fame along fide the boat, and ^aok fome nails that were given them, being, (eemin^ly well p)(2<^^c(i "v^itli ihe prefent. Yet, a few minutes after, ^hefe people ! toarded the boat, defigning to, drag her on more ; | but fom^ mufqucts |)e|ng difcharged oyer their heads, | they leaped into the fea, and haying reached the canoe,' put back with all poffible expeditiop, joining their | ^ountrymen Vhp ftood ready to re<;ei,ve them^. Tlic| boat immediately purfued the fugitive, but the crewj finding the furf extremely violent, did no% venture to Jand there, but coafled along fliiore tp try if they <;bul4| iiot find a more convenient place. I Soon after the canoe got on fhore, a man pppofite the boat flourifhed his weapon, calling out at the i^roQ>| time with a (hrill voice, which ^as a p^ark of defiance as 'tupia explained it to the EngUlh.-r-N9t being able 1 to find a proper landing-place, they return,ed, with an intention to attempt it where the canoe went on ihore j whereupop another warrior repeated the defiapce : hi^ | appearance wa& more i^ormidable tlfan that of the other. When he thought fit to retire, a grave man came forward, who afked Typi^ fevcral queftions, re- lating to the pJace from, whence the veiTel <;ame, as Who were the perfons on board? Whifher they v^re bound I &c. After this i; was propofed tliai; the peo- pie in the boat ftiould go on (hore and. trade with them ti they would lay afide th^eir >y.eapotis ; but the latter Vrould not agree fo this, uijlefs the Ewglilh woul4; do |I^e like. As this propofal v^as 1?y no ^eans an equal^ '■ ■'- '"v ' - '•• ■' f 0»e^ EouNp TJTB World. 6i venture to one , when it was confidertt^ that the hazard miift for inany reafons be greater tc the boat's crew than the Indians, and as perfidy wag dreaded, it was not com- plied with. Befides, fince n^uther the bay which the fcndeavour entered, nor any other part of the iflaml furniftied goo4 harbour or archorage, i^ was refolvcd not to attempt landing any more, but to (Hil from iience to tl\e fouthwurdf On the 15th, we failed from this ifland with a fine \)reezei but on the i6th it was hazy, and we bore away for whatrefembled very high peaks of land. The weather clearing up, we were convinced of our mif- take, and refumed our courfe accordingly. Land was difcovered at Weft by North, on the 7th of O^ober, and in the morning of the 8th, we came to an anchor oppofite a (mall river, not abovq h^ a league from the coaft. Capt. Cool^, Mr* Banks. Dr. Solandcr, and fome other gentlemen, having left the pinnace at the mouth of the river, proceeded a little further up, whei;i we landed, leaving the yawl to the care of fome of our boys, and went up to a few fmall houfes in the ncigh- \)ourhood. Some of the natives that hA concealed thenjfelves in the neighbourhood took advantage of our abfencc from the boj\t, and rufhed out, i dvancing and Jirandifliing their long wooden lances, Qn this our boy propped down, the ftream. The cockfwain of the pin-^ nace th^n fired a mufquetoon over their heads, but it did not prevent them from following the boat, in con-» (equence of which he levelled his piece, and (hot one of them dead on the fpot. Struck with aftonifliment an the death of their companion, the others remained! inotionlcfs for fome time, but as foon as they recovercci ffom their fright, retreated to the woods with the ut-^ poll precipitation* The report of the gan brought tho advanced 6% Captain Cook's fir\t Voayce ^advanced party back to the boat, and both the pinnace and yawl returned immediately to the (hip. On the 9th, a great number of natives were ieen ©ear the place where the gentlemen in the yawl had landed the preceding evening, and the greateil part of them appeared to be unarmed. The long-boat, pin- nace, and yawl, being manned with marines and Tailors, Capt. Cook and Tqpia went on flibre, and tanded on the oppolite fide of the, river, over-»gainft a fpot were feveral Indians were fitting on the ground.^ They im- mediately flarted yp, and began to handle their wea- pons, each producing cither a k)ag pike, or a kind of truncheon made of Itono, with ^ firing through the handle of it, which they twiftcd round their w rifts. Tupia was dire£led to fpeak to them in his language ; and we were greatly furprifed t-o find that he was well underftood, the natives {peaking in his language^ tho* in a different dialed. Their intentions at firft appeared to be very hoilile, brandishing their weapons in the iifual threatening manner 5 upon which a muiket was fired at fome diflance: the ball happened to fall into the water, at which they appeared rather terrified, and de- filled from their menaces. Having now drawn up the marines, we advanced nearer to the fide of the river, Tupia, again fpeaking, informed them of our defire to traffic with them for provilioos : to this they con-» fented, provided we would go over to them to the other fide of the river. The propofal was agreed to, upon condition that the natives would quit their wea- pons ; but the moll: folemn afTurances of friendftiip could not prevail with them to make fuch a confeffion, ' Not thinking it prudent therefore to crofs the river, we in our turn, intreated the Indians to come over to u, , and after f9me time prevailed on one of them fo to do. He was prefently followed by others. They did tot appear tp value beads and iron which we offered in the way T R O U M D T H £ W O R L D* ^^ way of barter, but propofed to exchange their wea- pons for ours ; which being obje6led to, they endea- voured to fnatch our arms from us, but being on our guard, from the information given us by Tupia, that they were ftill our enemies ; and Tupia by our direc- tion gave them to underftand, that any further offers of violence wouM be punifhed with inftant death. One of them, neverthe efs, had the audacity to fnatch Mr. [Green's dagger when his back was turned to] them, and retiring a rew paces, flourifhed it over his head; but his temerity colt him his hfe; for Mr Monkhoufe iired amufquet, and he inftantly dropped. Soon after tho* not before we had difcharged our pieces, they [retreated "flowly up the country, and we returned to lour boat. The behaviour of the Indians, added to our want of Ifrelh water, induced Capt. Cook to continue his voyage liound the bay, with a hope of getting fome of the na- lites aboard, that by civil ufage he might convey through them a favourable idea of us to their country- len, and thereby fettle a good cor rcfpondencc with them. iTi event occurred which, though attended with difa- ^reeable circumftances, promifed to facilitate this do- lign. Two canoes appeared, making towards land, and ^apt. Cook, propofed intercepting them with our boats. )ne of them ^ot clear off, but the Indians in the other, lading it impoHible to efcape, began to attack our peo-. 5le in the boats with their paddles. This compelled Endeavour's people to fire upon ihem, when four >f the Indians were killed, and the other three, who [were young men, jumped into the water, and endea^ souring to fwim alhore ; they were, however, taken ip, ar conveyed on board. At iird they difcovered ill the figns of fear and terror, thinking they fhould killed i but Tupia by repeated aflurances of friend-* np, removed their apprehenfions, and they afterwards :at heartily of the (hip's provifions. Having retired to reft 04 CAPtAiH Cook's Finst VotacIe iefk. in tiie evening, tliey ftept Very quietly for fonie hours, but about midnight^ their fe^rs returning, they Uppeared in great aeitation, frequently making loud And dirdal groans, again the kind carefTes and friend- ly pronniires of Tupia operated fo eiicAually, that they becanle cairn, and Cung a fongj which at the dead of night hid a pileaftng effeft. The next ntorning; after they were drefled according to the mode of their coun- try, and were ornamented with necklaces and bracelets, preparationil were niade fop fending therri td their coimtryttten, at which they expYeffed great fatisfa(^?on ; but finding^ the boat approaching Captain Cook's f)rfl landing-place^ they intimated that the inhabitants were foes, and that after kiHlng their enemies, they always eat thcnrtj The daptain, hevertlieiefs, judged it expedient to iand near the fame fpot, which he accordingly did with Mr. Banks, DoAor Solander, and Tupia^ refolding at the fanne time to prote acrofs the river, bringing with hirii a green bough, a token of friendlhip, which we received as fuch, and feveral prefeiits were made them. Hotwithftanding tiw prefents of this relation^ all three of the boys, by their qwn defire, rerurned to the fliip, but as the cap- tain intended to fail the neXtmorning, he fent them •fltiore in the evening, though jftuch againft their incli-l oation. Round the World. 65 nation. They informed us of a particular kind of deer upon the ifland. On the nth, at fix o'clock in tlie morning, we weighed and fct fail, in hopes of finding a better an- choring place, Capt. Cook having givcu .he bay, the name or Poverty Bay. In the afternoon vye were becalmed ; and fcveral canoes full of Indians came ofF from the fhore, who received many prefents, and af- terwards bartered even their cloiiths, and fome of their paddles, (0 eager were they at European commodities. The Indians were armed with bludgeons made of wood, and of the bone of a large animal j they were conyived for clofe fighting. liaving finiflied their traffic, tiicy fet off in fuch a hurry, that they forgot three of their companions, who remained on board all night. Thefe telUficd their Fears and apprehehfions, notwithftandin?j Tupia took great pains to convince them they were in no danger j imd about feven o'clock the iiext morn'ng, a canoe came off / Ith four Indians on board. It was at firft with dilLr.ly the Indians in the lliip could prevail on thofe in the canoe to come near them, and not till after the former had afTured them, that the Englilh did noc eat men. On the 1 2th, feveral Indians came off in a canoe, and at times appeared tobepeaceably inclined, but at ochers to menace hoftilities, brandiftiing iheir lances, and other hoftile gcftures. A four-pounder loaded with grape flidr, was therefore ordered to be fired, but not pointed at them. This had the defired effeft, and made them drop a-flern. On Friday the 13th in the morning, we made for an iniet, but finding' it not flieltered, flood gut again j and ,■ I were' ■ ~ i ».;*1 *i' I T^ i(s Captain Go6k's first Vo-^k^t ■#crc cliaccd by a! canoe filled with' Indra'HS, li)tit tKc EVi- deavour out-failed them. She purfued her cotnrfe rotmd the bay, but could not find an opening. Nine canoes Tull of Injdiahs came from the Ihore, andflve of them ftfrer HaVinfg conftilttd toge'i!hir, purftied the Endea- Voiir, appafently with a hoftile defrgri. Tapizt was de- fii-ed to acqttiaint them, that immediate deltftrftioh would ^nfue, if they perfevered ia: thfeir attempts; but words had no influeiiccV a^rid a four-pounder, with grape-lhot iN2^ fir(id. They were terrified at tliiii hti of reafbn- feig, and wcnia-vi'ay fofter than they citnie. On the iotfi, we anchored m a bay ttvo leagiieis to the north of the Foreland. To this bay We wf -- in- vited by the natives in canoes, v;hr> behaved vei^ • ..li- cably, and pointed td a place where they fiiid we fliould find ^feiity of frefh ^ater. We dfcterrairied here to get fornfc kiiowlcidge of the country, though the har- boui: was not fo good a ihelter frbrii the \Veather as we ejipfe&td. Two chiefs, whonl t^e faw in the canoes, came 6n board, they wei-e drefled in jafckets, the one brmciited with tiiftji of red foath^rs, the othei- with dog-lHris. We pefehted to then! tiiieii and fdniefpike nails, but they did riot value the laft fo much as the inhabitants df the cfthttsiflands. Towards the pvening we went on llidre, accompani- ed by the Captain and Dr. SoJander. We were cour- tfcoufty received by ihe inhabitantis. who did not appear in numerous b''idie3, and in other iriftancc;i were fcrupu- }oufly att^Dtivfe not ro give oftence. We made chem 'fe^e^l fiiifall pi-eiPetits, arid In this agreeable totir round the bay, w^ n*ad the pleafure of finding two Itrieariis of frelh water. We remained on Ihore all night, and th'. next day Mr. Banks and Dr. Solandcr difcovcred feve- tal large bii-di ao^bhg which were quails and large pigeons. Mahy ifeges for drying fllh were obfcrved near PtOUND TH^E W0RI.D. ^7 were cour- Begr where we landed, and fo^e hoiifes with .fences. Wefaw dogs with pplnt^d ears, and very ugly. $we^t potatoes, life thflfe \yhich gro.w in America were found. The cloth pljipt grow fpontaneous. ^n tl^e neigl^^o^r* ing valleys the lands were laid put in regular planti^tions ; anti in the bay we bought plenty of crabs, qr^y-fifli ap4 ihorfe-mack^rql, larger th^n thofe on tlie Englifli qo-4.iis, i he low l^nds were planted with cacoeis ; the hollows ,wi?h gourds ; but as to the woods they were almoft im- ,paflible. on ^qcouPt of the nuuiber of fupple-jjacks which grew there. "We went intaYeveiialhoufcsibelpnging t)t> the. natives, and met .with a very civil reception j and, ;Without the kaft refer ve, they, me wed us whatever we defired to fee* At times we found them at their meals, which our prefence never int€rrupt<=;d. At this feafoa fifli con(lituted thqir.chiqf food ; wi^h which they eat, inftead of bread, roots of a kind. of fearn; thefe when roafted upon a fire arefweet and clammy : in tafte nqt difagreeable^ thpugh.r«ther upiple.afant from the number of their fibres. They have doubtlefs in other :feafons, pf the year an abundance of excellent vegetables.. The women of this place paint their faces with a mixr ture of red ochre and oil, which, as they are very plain,, renders them in appe^rjince more homely.. Thiskind ' of daubing being generally wet upon their cheeks and foreheads, was eafily .transferred to thofe who fainted them, as was. frequently viiible upon the nofes of our people. The young ones wIk) were completecoquetp, wore a. petticoat, under which v/as a girdle, made or, the blades of gcafs^ ftrongly perfumed, to which was pendant a fmall bunch of lea,vcs, of fome fragrant plant. The faces of the men were not in general painted j but - they were daubed with dry red ocre from head, to foot, their apparel not excepted. Though in perfonal clean-.' linefs they. were not equal to our friends at Otaheite, yet iofomc particulars they furpailed them: for their dwcl- lincs 68 Captain Gook*s first Voyage lings were furnifhed with privies, and they had dunghill? upon which their offals and filth were depofited. Among; the females chaftity was lightly efteemed. They refort- ed frequently to the watering-place, where they freely beftowed every favour that was requefted. An officer meeting with an elderly \y6man, he accompanied her to her houfe, and having prefenteJ her with Tome cloth and beads, a young girl was fingled but, with whom he was given to underfland he might retire. Soon after ah elderly man, with tw6 women came in as Vilitors, who with much formality faluted the whole tom|5any, after the cuftomof the place, which is by gently joining th(^ tips of their nofcs together. On his return, which was on Saturday the 21ft, he was furnilhed with a guide who, whenever they came to a brook or rivulet, took him on his back to prevent his being wet. Many of the natives were curioufly tatao^ed, an old man in par- ticular. Was marked on the breaft. with curious figures. Thefe Indiana at flight dance in a ^/ery uncouth manner, with antic geflures, idlliiig cJut their tongues and making ftrange grimaces. In their dances, old men as vvell aB the young ones are capital performers. On the 2 2d in the evening, we weighed anchor and put to fea, but the wind being contrary we ftood for ano- ther bay a little to the fouth, called by the natives To- laga, in order to com'pleat our wood and water, and to extend our correfpondence with the natives. We found a watering-place in a fmall cove a little within the ibuth point of the bay, which bore fouth by eaft, dillant about ii mile. Several canoes with Indians on board, traffick- ed with us very fairly for glafs bottles. On Monday the 23d in the afternoon, we went on fliore accompanied by Mr. Banks, l)r. Solander, and the captain. We examined and found the water extremely goodj airo plenty of wood j and the natives fliewed us r> ■ -< 'as HoiTND THE World. Q> IS much civility as thofe from whom we had lately de- >arted. At this watering-place we fet up an aftronomir- ^al quadrant, and took feveral folar and lunar obferva- [ions. la our walks through the vales we faw many loufes uninhabited, the natives refiding chiefly in fheds, )r the ridges of the hills, which are very deep. The lill are cloathed with beautiful flowering llirubs, inter- lixed with a number of tall, fl.ately palms, which per- fume the air, making it perfeftly odoriferous. We met Urith various kinds of edible herbage in great abundance md many trees which produced fruit fit to eat. Sweet potatoes and plantains are cultivated near the houfes. On our return we met an old man who entertained ^s with the military exercife of the natives, which are krformed with Patoo-Patoo and the lance. The for- ler has been already mentioned, and is ufed as a battle ce; the latter is j 8 or 20 feet in length, and made of jtreme hard wood, andfliarpened at earh end. A (lake hs fubftituted for a luppofed enemy. The old warrior frft attacked him with his lance, advancing with a mod iriijus afpcQ:. Having pierced him, the paioo-patoo 'as ufed to demolilh his head, at which heftruck with force which would at one blow have fplit any man's Lull } from whence vye concluded no quarter was givea ly thefe people to their foes in time of action. I 7 he natives in thefe parts are very numerous. They [re tolerably well fhaped, but lean and tall. Their fa- jes refemble thofe of the Europeans. Their nofes are jqualine, their ,eye3 dark coloured, their hair black, fhich is tied up to the top of their heads, and the mens [eards are of a moderate length. Their tataowing is [one very curioufly, in various figures, which makes leir Hiin refemble carving ; it is confined to the princi- [al men, the females and fcrvants ufmgonly red paint, with ff> C A P J A;U5I ;C.O K 'S F I R S T V [oy A G jE with which they 44vib their .C^aces, th^t.oth^rvvife vt^ouldf ■cor the ^ifegreeahle. On the 25th we fet up the armourers fprge on (horea ,for neceflary ufes, andgot our wood and water wi^houtf rthe lead moleftation from the natives, with whom we -exchanged glafs bottles and:be^ds for diiferent forts 0(1 Gn the a7th, Capt. Cook and- Dr. Solander .went tG| -infped the bay, when the dodor wasnot a liule furpri- fed to find the natives in the poileflion of a boy's topj which they knew hpw to fpin by whipping it, and hef -purchafed it out of curiofity Mr. Banks was during this! employed in attaining the fummit of a (Veep hill, that hadl -previoufly engaged their attention, jind near it he found? many inhabited houfes. When the gentlemen met at| the watering-place, tlic inhabitants fang their war fongi •which was a ftrange medley of (houting-^ndgfiraace, at] .which the women afllfted. The next dayiCapt.Cookf And other gentlemen went upon the ifl,and at the cn-i -trance of the bay, and met with a canoe that was 6jj feet in length, fix in breadth, and four in height; he] bottom, which was fliarp, confided of three trunks o(| trees, and the fides and head were curioufly c^ry^d. Their huts are built under trees, their form is an obJ long fquare, the door low on the fide, and, the windowJ arc in the ends -, reeds covered with thatch compoff the walls; the beams of the caves, which come to tl ground, are covered with thatch ; moft of the houfej had been deferred, through fear of the Englilh, upoi ■their landing. There is a great variety of fifli in tjid bay, flicll and crny fiHi are very plentiful, fome of thj latter wei^h 12 pounds. Sunday^ October the a^tii, we fet fail from this bay! Round the W o ft. l d. ?# is fituated in latitutJe 318 4eg. zt rtiin. fottth, four E'agu6s to the n6rrh of Garble End FofeJaM ; there- fcc two high recks at the finitrdnce of the bay, whicft prrri a eove very gciod for jirocuring v/ood apd Wtftdf^ Fhrs is a very hilly coantry, though it prefertis the; cyd ^ith an agreeable verdiire, valrious woods and niany Ml plantations. Mi*. Banks fotind a great number oB icH in iht woods, qiiitri unknown to Europeans, thcf [re dod Mtmhlt the maple-trcfe, and produced a gunrt t whkirti colour i OtHefr tte6s yielded a gutn of a deep? Rlto'^ green. The oaly roots S^er6 yarns atild fwee« )tatoes, though the fptl appears very proper for pto- icing every ff>6cies of vegetables. On Monday the ^dth, fditittg to the nor'thward, wcJ t\\ in with a (inall iftand about a mile diftaht from th4 >rth-^dft point of the mdiri, and this bdng the moft ffte^rt part of it, the captain narhed it Eaft Cape, and [e ifiarid Eaft Iflahd ; it was but fmall, and appeared ^rri^ri. The cape is in latitude 37 deg. 42 thin. 30 fee* path. Having doubled iti*i caiie, riiany villages prefent* themfelvifes to view, and the adjacent land appeared jultivated. In the evening of the 30th, Lieutenant [icks difcovercd a bay to which his name was givent^ leXt morning about nine, fevferal canoes came oft' from e ihbre with a number of aritied men, who appeared have hofti e intentions. Before thefe had reached he fhip, another canoe, larger than any that had yet >een feen, full of arrhed Indians, came off, and rrtadfi to- wards the Endeavour, with great expedition. The kaptain ilow judging it expedient to prevent, il; poffible, [heir attiickihg him, ordered a gun to be fired over their ieads. This not producing the dehred effe6l, another run wasifired with ball, which threw them irtto fuch :onfternation, that they imtnediately returiied fafter hfin they came. On 7^ Captain Cook's first Voyags On the ift of November, not Icfs than between 40 and 50 canoes were feen, feveral of which came off as before, threatening to attack theEnglifh. One of their chiefs flourifhed his pike, and made feveral harangues, fecming to bid defiance to thofe on board the vcffel. At laft, after repeated invitations, they came clofe along fide i but inftead of (hewirjg a difpofitioii to trade, the haranguing chief uttered a fentence, and took up a ftone which he threw againft the fhip, and irtimediately after feized their arms. A piece of cloth, however imp- pening to attrafl: their eyes, they began to be more mild and rtufonable. A quantity of eray-fifli, nhufcles, and congerecls was now purchafed. No fraud was attempted by this company of Indians, but fome others that came after them, took goods from the veflel without making; proper returns. Yet when thefe favages began iJ traffic with the failors, they renewed their frauds j and one of them was bold enough to feize forrie linen that was hung to dry, and run away with it. In prdec to induce him to return, a mufquct was fired over his head, but this not 'anfwering the end, he was (hot in the back with fmall fhot, yet he ftill perfevered in hi defign. In confequence of their behaviour, tho* they made no prep::r«:'-'^ns to attack the veffel, the captain gavel orders to fire a four-pounder, which palT^d over them J but its effects on the water terrified them fomuch, thai| they retreated with precipitation to* the (h^re. In the afternoon, about two o*clock, we difcovered a pretty high ifland to the weft. Some time after per- ceiving other rocks and iilands in the fame quarter, but not being able 10 weather them before night came on, we bore up between them, and the mainland. In the evening a double canoe, built after the fame fafliion as thofc of Otaheite, came up, when T"p»a entered inwl Round the World. 73 friendly converfation with the Indians, and was told [hat the ifland, clofe to which we lay, was called Mow- tohora. The next morning being the 2nd, a number of ca- joes appeared, and one, which proved to be the fame fhat pelted us the night before came up. After con- rerfmg with Tupia, and behaving peaceably about an iour, they complimented us with another volley of tones. We returned the falute by firing a mufket, ^hich made them inftantly take to their paddles. Be- ween ten and eleven we failed between a low flat ifland nd the main land. On the 3d, we pafled the night near a fmall ifland,' rhich Capt. Cook named the Mayor. We now failed )wards an inlet that had been difcovered, and having ichored in feven fathom water, the fliip was foon fur- junded by a number of canoes, and the people on )ard them did not feem difpofed for fome time to com- it any alafs, and being detefted in fecreting the fame, it was refolved to give him a fmatch of the cat-o*nine-tails. The Indians interfered to ftop the current of juftice, )ut being oppofed, they got their arms from the ca- loes, and fome of the people in them attempted to get W bed every moment to m run upon the breakers, which appeared above watcn not more than a cable's length diftance, and we wera fo near the land, that Tupia, who was totally' ignorana pf the danger, held a converfatioq with the Indians] who were llanding on the beach. We were happiW relieved from this alarming fituation by a fre(h brecz^ fuddenly ipringing up from the ftiore^ On the 25th, we ftood to the fouthwar country, red to his Whether |enm\ty or Cook and Let with a a number |omen with a favour- but they [empting to lok had re- over their kent: they fooii foon gave frefll proofs of their treacherous defigns, for one of them fnatchcd at fome paper from our mar- ket- man, and miffing it, put himfclf in a threatening attitude; whereupon forae fliot was fired, which wounded him in the knee -^ but Tupia ftill continu- ed converfmg with his companions, making enqui- ries concerning their traditions refpcfting the antiqui- ties of their country-^ He alfo afked them if they had ever feen a (hip fo large as the Endeavour? they re- plied they had not, nor never heard that fuch a veffel had been on their coaft. The women wKo accompany the men In their canoes, wore a head-drcfs, it was compofed of black feathers, tied in a bunch on the top of the head, which greatly increafcd the height* The Captain, Mr. Banks, and the Doftor viiited a cove about a mile from the fliip. There was a family of Indians who were greatly a- larmed at the approach of thefe gentlemen, all runninrj away except one; but upon Tupia's converfmg with him, the other's returned* They found by the provi- iions of this family, that they were cannibals, here be- ing feveral human l3ones that had been lately drelTed and picked, and it appeared a Ihort time before, fix of their enemies having fallen into their hands, they had killed four and eaten them, and that the other two were drowned in endeavouring to make their efcape. On the 29th we were viHtcd by Topoa, in company [with other Indians, who behaved very civilly. During Ithe time the bark was preparing for feaj Mr. Banks and |Dr. Solandcr often went on fliore. Capt. Cook alfa sade feveral obfervations on the coaft to the north- reft, and perceived many iflands, forming bays, in rhich there appeared good anchorage for fliipping. leturning to the ftiip he met with many of the natives, >f whpm he piirchafed a fmall quantity of fifh. J- Oa ri I 8^ I' Pi Captain Cook's pirst Vovag; On the 30th fome of our people, who were fent out early in the morning to gather celery, met with about twenty Indians, among whom were five or fix women, whofe hufbands had lately been made captives. They fot down upon the ground together, and cut many parts of their bodies in a moft fhocking manner, with fhells, in teftimony of their exceflive grief. But what mad« the horrid fpe(5lacle more terrible, was, that the male Indians whuld not and was als were •its, and ice from le north- jder our confide- t among fitted of de Point 11 down were ob- untains, le, when we had rain at fea. Thus we pafTed the whole rorth- weft coaft of Tovy Poenamoo, which had nothing wortliy our obfervaiion but of naked and barren rocks covered with fnow, fome of which we conjeftured might have remained there linee the creation. From this uncomfortable country we determined to depart, having failed round the whole pountry by the 27th of this rponth And it v/as now refolved by a council of war to (leer for the coaft of New Holland, in the couife of their return by |;he way of the Eaft Indies. On the 31ft we took our departure from an eafterh point of land, to which wc gave the name of Cape Farewel, calling the Bay out of which we failed, Ad- miralty Bay. Wc called a bay between the ifland and Cape Fare w el. Blind Bay, which was fuppofed to have been the fame' that was called Murderer's Bay; by Taf- man, the firft difcoverer of New Zealand, but tho* he named it Staten Ifland, thinking to take pofleJlion ofc" it, yet, being attacked by the Indians, he never went on fliore to effed his purpofe. This coafl:, now more accurately exaniined, is difcovered to confift of two ij(|anc|s, » They are fuuated between the 34th and 35th deg, [of fouth latitude, and between 181 deg. and 194 deg. , I weft longitude. The northern illand is called Eahieno^ Imauwee, and the fouthern is named Tovy Poenamo(V Iby the natives. The former, tho* mountainous ia Ifume places, is ftored with wood, and in every valley jthere is a rivultt. The foil in thofe valleys is hght, Ibut fertile and well adapted for the plentiful produc- [lions of all the fruits, plants, and corn of Europe. Tovy Poenamoo is barren and mountainous, and ap- peared to be alr:iorc defutute of inhabitants. ' ' Iti '1 f' ^ Captain Cook's first Voyage In New Zealand is only one fhrub or tree, which pro- duces fruit, which is a kind of berry almofl taftelefs ; but they hav^ a plant which anfwers all the ufes of hemp and flaic. This plant is found both in high and low grounds, in dry mould and deep bogS; but as it grows largeft in the letter, that fccms to be its proper loil. ^ The natives are as large as the largeft Europeans, Their complexion is brown, but little more fo than that of a Spaniard. The women poflfefs not that deli- cacy, which diftinguilhes the European ladies; but their voice diftinguilhes them from the men. The inhabitants of New Zealand are as modeft and referved in their behaviour and converfation as the po- liteft nations of Europe^ The women, indeed, were not deud to the foftell impreffions ; but their mode of confent was in their idea as harmlefs as the confcnt to marriage with us, and equally binding to the ftipulated time. If any of tjie Engliih addrelled one of their women, he was informed, that the confent of her friends muft be obtained, which ufually followed oa his making a prefent. This done he was obliged to treat his tem- porary wife as delicately as wc do in England. A gentleman who failed in the Endeavour, having addrdied a family of rank, received an anfwer, of| which the following is an exaft tranllation. " Any of, thcfe young ladies will think themfelves honoured by| your addrelTes, but yoii mult lirft make me a prcfenr, and you mull then come and lleep with us on fliore, fori day-light muft by no means be a witnefs of \yha't pairts| between you." Xlieir drcfs is form»:d of the leaves of the flag fplit i^itp flips, which are interwoven and made into a kind oil Round the World. 87 having nfwer, ofj Any of oured by I a prcfent,! fl\ore, for lat paffcsl ; flag (M to a kind] oi of matting, the ends, which are feven or eight inches in length, hanging out on the upper fide. One piece of this matting being tied over the ilioulders, reaches to the knees : the other piece being wrapped round the waift falls almoft to the ground. Thefe two pieces are failendd to a firing, which by means of a bodkin of bone is pafTed through, and tacks them together. The men wear the lower garment only at particular times. The ears of both fexes are bored, and the holes ftretched fo as to admit a man's finger. The ornaments of their ears arc feathers, cloth, bones, and fometimes bits of wood : a great many of them made ufe of the nails which were given them by the Englifh, for this purpofe, and the women fometimes adorned their ears with white down of the albetrofs, which they fpread before and behind the whole in a large bunch. They likcwife hung to their ears by firings, chiffels, bodkins, the teeth of dogs, and the teeth and nails of their deceafcd friends. The arms and ancles of the women are adorned with fhells and bones, or any thing elfe through which they can pafs a firing. We faw one man who had the griftle of his nofe perforated^ and a feather pafTed through it, projefting over each cheek. Thefe people fliew lefs ingenuity in the flrufture of their houfes, than hi any thing elfe belonging to them ; they are 16 to 24 feet long, 10 or 12 wide, and "6 or 8 ill height. The frame is of flight flicks of wood, and the walls and roof are of dry grafs pretty firmly com- pii^led. The door is only high enough to admit a per- fon crawling on hands and knees. There is a fquare hole near the door, ferving both for window and I chimney, near which is the fii*e place. The V -i. Ill 88 Captain Cook's first Voyage The Indians ufe axes, adj^ea^ and chifTels, with the laft they Hkewile bore holt'.s. Their chifiels are made of jafpcr, or the bone of a nlan*s arm ; their axes and adzes of hard black ftone* They ufe their fmall jaf. per tools till they are blunted, and then throw them away, having no inftxument to fliarpen them with. Their tillage is excellent, owing to the neccility they are under of cultivating or running the rifque of (larv- ing. At Tegadoo their crops were jufl put into th(^ ground, and the furface of the field was as fmooth as a garden, the rootc were ranged in regular lines, and to every root there remained a hillock. A long nar- row flake, fliarpened to an edge at bottom, with a piece fixed acrols a little above it, for the convenience of driving it into the ground with the foot, fupplies both tlie place of plough and fpade. The foil being light, their work is not very laborious, and with this inftrument alone they will turn up ground of fix or fe- ven acres in extent. . Their warlike Weapons are fpears, darts, battlo axes, and the patoo-patoo. Whether they fight in boats or on fliore the battle is hand to hand, fo thiit they muft make bloody work of it. They trull chiefly in the patoo-patoo, which is failened to their wrifts, by means of a ftrong llrap, that it may not be wrcfted out of their hands. They have a kind of a ftaflf of diftinftion, which is carried by the principal warriors. It is formed of a whale's rib, quite white, and adorned wnh carving, feathers, and the hair of dogs. As to the religion of thefe people, they acknowledge one Supreme Being, and feveral fubordinate deities. Their mode of worftiip we could not learn, nor was a^y place proper for that purpofe feen. There was Jiidt'ed a imall fquarc area, encompaifed with Aones, '**. ia i^- u .■ < •v-i--* ftoUND THE WoRLlJ. 89 in tile middle of which hung a bafket of fern roots on one of their fpades. This they faid ^as aff offering to their gods, to obtain from them a plentiful crop of pro- vifions. They gave the fame account of the origin of the world, and the produftiori bf mankind, as our friends in Otaheitc. Tupia^ however, feemed to have much more deep and extenfive knowledge of thefe fub- jefts than any of the people of this ifland, and when he fometimes delivered a long difcourfe, he was fure of a numerous audience^- who heard with remarkable reve- rence and attention* With regard to tlie manner of difpodng of their dead, we could form no certain opinion^ The fouthern diftrift faid, they difpofed of their dead by throwing them into the fea# We faw, however, not the leaft fign of any grave or monument j but the body of many a- mong the living, bore the marks of wounds, in token of grief for the lofs of their friends and relations. Before we clofe tlie accourit of New Zealand, we beg leave to obferve, that hitherto our navigation has been very unfavourable to the fuppofition of a South- ern Continent. The navigators -ho have fupported the pofitions upon which this is founded, are Tafman« Juan, Fernandes, Hermitej CJuiros, and Rogewin ; but the track of the Endeavour has totally fubverted all their theoretical arguments. Upon a view of the chart it will appear, that a large fpace extends quite to the tropics, which has not been explored by us nor any other navigators; yet we believe there is no cape of any Southern Continent, and no Southern Conti- nent to the northward of 40 deg. fouth. Of what may- lie farther to the fouthward of 40 deg. we can give no opinion : yet are far from difcouraging any future at- tempts after new difcoverics : for a voyage like this M mzf •4f so Caftain Cook's first Voyage may be of public utility. Should no continent be found, new illands within the tropics may be difco- vcred. Tupia in a rough chart of his own drawing laid down no lefs thj^n fevcnty-fourj and he gave us an account of aboye one hundred and thirty, which no European vcffel has ever yet yifitcd. CHAP. viir. Paffage from New Zealand to Botany Bay, in New Holland — Various incidents related — A defcription of the country and its inhabitants — Sails from Bota- - ny Bay* to Trinity Bay — ^Her dangerous fituation in her paffage from Trinity Bay to Endeavour River. ON the 31ft of March, 1-770, we failed from Cape Farewell, having fine weather and a fair wind. This capje lies in lat. 40 deg. 35 min. S. and in 1 86 deg. W. long. We fleered wcfl with a frefli gale till the and of April, when by obfervation we found our lati- tude to be 40 deg. and our long., from Cape Farewell, 2 deg. 3 1 min. W. On the 1 7th we had frcfli gales with fqualls and dark weather in the morning ; and in the afternoon a hard gale and a great fea, which o- bliged us to run under our fore-f^il and mizen alt night. On the 1 8th in the morning, we were vifited by a pint«id9 bird, aniDf^Uible fign that lacid was near, which \vc Round the World, 9t. wc difcdvered at fix o'clock in the morning of the 1 9th, four or five leagues diftant. To the fouthermoll point in fight, wc gave the name of Point Hiciis. On the following day wc had a diftant view of the country, which was in general covered with wood, and inter- fperfed with feveral fmall lawns. It appeared to be inhabited, as fmoke was feen in fevcral places. On the 2 2d we were fo near the flaore, as to fee feveral of the inhabitants on the coaft, who were of a dark com- plexion, if not perfeft negroes. The trees on this ifland were both tall and large, but we faw no place fit to give flielter, even for a bo;iit.. On the 27th we faw feveral of the inhabitants walk- ing along the fhore, four of them carrying a canoe on their ftioulders, but as they did not attempt to come off to the (hip, the captain took Meflrs. Banks and Solander, and Tupia in the y^wl, to that pai«t of the fliore where they faw the natives, near which four canoes lay clofe in land. The Indians fat on the rocks till the yawl was a quarter of a mile from the fliore, and then they ran away into the woods. The lurf beating violently on the beach, prevented the boat from landing ; the gen- tlemen were therefore obliged to make what obferva- tions they could at a diflancc. They faw a great num-. ber of cabbage trees on ftiore. At five in the evening they returned to the fliip, and: a light breeze fpringing up, we failed to the northward where ^ye difcovered feveral people on fliore, who, on our approach, retired to an eminence, foon after 1 which two canoes arrived on the fliore, and four men, who came in them, joined the others,' liie pinnace- having been fent a-head to found, arrived near the fpot where the Indians had ftationed themfclvcs, on- Iwhich one of them hid himfe'f .unong the rocks, near [the landing place, and the otiiers retreated farther up^ the- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ^ >4 1.0 1.1 ■tt lii |2.2 :!f 1^0 12.0 i: ik 1 1.25 ,,4 U4 r* 6" - ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WR)'< MAIN STRKT WiBSTtlt "J Y. M58ft (716) t72-4^(»> ^\ :\ iV \ ^ ;\ '^ o^ 92 Captain Cook's first Vovaoe the hill. The pinnacp keeping- along ftiore, the Indi- ans walked near in a line with her ; they were armed with long pikes, and, by various figns and words, in- vited the boat's crew to land. The fliip having come to an anchor, we obferved a few huts, in which were forac of the natives. We anchored oppofite a village of about eight houfes, and obferved an old woman and three children come out of a wood j they were met by three fmaller ones, all of whom, as well as the wor pxan^ were quite uaked. Haying formed a defign of landing, we manned the boats, and took Tupia with us, but had no fooner <:ome near the iHorc, than two men advanced, as if to difputeour fetting foot on land. They wercLcach of them armed with different kinds of weapons. They called out aloud, warra warra wai! the meaning of it Tupia did not underftand. The captain ^hrew them beads, nails, and other trifles, which they took up, and feemed pleafed with. He then made fignals that he wanted water, and ufed every poffible means tq con- vince them that no injury was intended. They made figns to the boat's crew to land, on which we put the boat in, but had no fooner done fo, than the two In- dians came again p oppofe us. A mulquct was fired between them, on the report of which, one of thero dropped a bundle of lances, which he immediately fnatched up again in great hafte. One of them threw a ftone at the boat, on which the captain ordered a mufquet loaded with fmall (hot to be fired, which w6unding the eldeft of them iii the legs, he retired i haftily to one of the huts that flood at fomc little dif- ;ance.. The people in the boats now landed, imagining that the wound which this man had received, would put jin end to the coiiteft. In this, however, we wercf miflaken, Round t li e W o r l d. n ^liftaken, for he immediately returned with a kind of fliield, with tWq holes in it to fee through. They now '' advanced with great intrepidity, and both difcharged their lances, but did not wound any of us. Another mufquet was fired at them, on which they threw anor jcher lance, and then took to their heels. We now went up to the hutg, in one of which wc found the children, who had fecreted themfelves be- lli ad fome bark. We looked at them, but left them jjvithput its being know-'u wc had feen them, and hav- ing thrown feveral pieces of cloth, ribbands, beads, and other things into the hut, we took feveral of their lances, and then reimbarked in the boat^ ' We now failed tq the north point of the bay, and found plenty of freih water. Qn taking a view of the hut where wc had feen the children, we had the mor^ tification to find that every Indian had fled, and that they had left all their prcfents behind them. The cap- tain now went in the pinnace to infpeft the bay, and faw feveral of the natives, who all fled iis he approach- ed them. Some of the men having been fcnt to get wood and water, they no fooner went on board to din- ner, than the natives came down to the place, and ex- amined the caiks with great attention, but did not ofl*er to reinove them, \Vhcn the people were on fliore in tlie afternoon, ^bout twenty of the natives, all armed, advanced within a trifling difl:iince of them, and then flopped, Nvhile two of their number approached ftill jiearer. Mr* Hicks, the commanding officer on fliore, yrcnt towards them, with prefents in his hands, and endeavoured, by every pofiible means, to aflure them of his friendly intentions, but to no purpofe, for ^ley retired before he came up to them. pn the 30th, the iaatives came down to the huu before 94 Captain Cook's first Voyage before it was light, ..tid were repeatedly heard to iliout very Joud, and fuon after day-break they were feen on tiie beach, but quickly retired about a mife, and kindled fcveral fires in the woods. This day fome of the lhip*s crew being eqiploycd in cutting grafs at a diftance from the main body, while the natives pur- fued them, but ftopping within fifty or fixty yards of them, they fliouted feveral times, and retreated to the woods. In the evening they behaved exaftlyjn the fame manner, when the captain followed them alone ..'and unarmed for fome thne, but they ftill retired as hO approached. On May the firft, the fouth point of the bay was named Sutherland. Point, one of the feamen of the tiame of Sutherland, having died that day, was bu- ried on fhorej and more prefents were left in the huts, fuch as looking-glaifcs, combs, &c. but the former ones had iaot been taken away. Making an excur^ iion about the country, we found it agreeably varie- gated with wood and lawn.. The country might be cultivated without cutting down one of them. The grafs grows in large tufts, almolt clofe to each other. In this cxcurfion, we met with many places where the inhabitants had flept without ihelter, and one man, who ran away the moment he beheld us. More pre- fents were left in their huts, and at their fleeping places, in hopes of producing a friendly intercourfe. We faw the dung of an animal which feeds on gra^, and traced the foot-fteps of another, which had claws like a dog, and was about the fize of a wolf: alfo the track of a^ fmall auinial, whofe foot was like that of a pole. The woods abound with a vaft variety of beautiful birds, among which were cockatoos, and parroquets, which flew in large flocks. The fecond lieutenant, Mr. Gore, having been with a boat in order to drudge for oyfters. Round tHE World, 95^ oyfters, faw forne Indians^ wlio made iigns for him to come on fliore, which he declined : having finiflied his bufinefs he fent the boat away, and went by land with a midftiipman, to join the party that was getting water. In their way they met with more than 20 of the natives who followed them fo clofe as to come within a few yards of them j Mr. Gore flopped and faced them, on which the Indians flopped alfo, and when he proceeded again, they followed him ; but they did not attack him tho' they had each man a lane c. The Indians coming in fight of the water cafks, ftood at the diflance of a quarter of a mile, while Mr. Gore and his companions reached their fhip^ mates^ in fafety. Three of the waterers now advanced towards the Indians, but obferving they did not retire, they very imprudently turned about; and retreated haftily : this apparent fign of cowardice infpired the favages, who discharged four of their lances at the fugitives, which flying beyond them, they efcaped un- hurt. At this inflant the Captain came up with MefT. Banks and Solander, and Tupia advancing, made figns of friendfhip ; but the natives would not flay their coming up to them* On the following day they went again on (hore, I where many plants were coUefted by Dr. Solander, and Mr. Banks. They faw feveral parties of the Indians, who all ran away on their approach. Tupia having learnt to flioot, frequently flayed aloneto fhoot parrots, and the Indians conflantly fled away from him with as^ much precipitation as from the Englifh. On xh6^df, fourteen or fifteen Indians, in the fame number of ca- noes, were engaged in flriking fifh withiti H^' a mile |of the watering-place. ' ^^ The Captain landing on ihore, found feveral of the ians walking about, who immediately retreated to their -■f W-i ,. 96 Captain Cook's Ft RSt VoYAce their canoes and rowed off. They went up the coun- try, where they found the foil to be a black mould, which appeared to be calculated for the production of any kind of grain. They faw fortie of the fined mea- dows that were ever beheld, and met with a few rocky places, the ftone of which is fandy, and feem'ed to be admirably adapted for building. In the woods they found a tree bearing cherries, if Ihape and colour may intitle them to that name, the juice of which was a- greeably tart. They now returned to their boat, and feeing a fire at a diftance, rowed towards it; but the Indians fled at their coming near them. On the 6tli of May, we failed from Botany Bay, and at noon were off a harbour, which was called Port Jackfon, and in the evening near a bay, to which we gave the name of Broken Bay. The next day at noon,, the northermoft land in fight, projefting fo as to juftify the calling it Cape Three Points. On the 9th we paffed a rocky point, which was named Point Stephens, Next day faw fmoke in feveriil places on fliore, and in the evening difcovered three remarkable high hills, which the captain named the Three* Brothers. They lie in lat. 31 deg. 40 min. and may be feen 14 leagues from the Inore. . On the 15th in the morning, by the affiftantfe of our piaffes, we difcerned about a fcore of Indians, each loaded with a bundle, which we imagined to be palm leaves for covering their houfes. We traced them for more than an hour, during Which time they took not the Icaft notice of the {hip; at length they left the beach, and were loft behind a hill, which they gained by a gentle aicent. K). noon, in lat. 28 deg. 37 min. 30 fee. fouth, and in 206 deg. 30 min. weft longitude, the captain difcovered a high point of land, and named i; Cape Byron. 0;il 3*"i ^^ j i> A ~7 ^■-i IK >^ ts>1 i£3 ' m ir -. Ai^Chwf of Otaheitc aoco|mpRnied-withhi5 "WifcfeLcTrefentW PofJiis Sifters toCapt^Cookoaboai-a tlieTle solution Sloop I' rj f < ' - i ■ • a '.N une iund nooi liiy i were preft tops Watc fcmbi and b i'wimn » • r :•■* - •..w ..■«,. ^» 4*1. ■ 1^;.. Mt'aXf, * f/ •#■ • ^*^ .-.,u„ / On gia/Tes, bay, i] coverei none o within Capt. C "H^m o fo frefli di/lancc We Jan into a J true ma it does which ^ On tj [the day[ I ing imml I Cape C^ I Dumber i [which jiathom MI raum Numl Round the World. 97 On the i8th in the morning, we defcried a point fo unequal, thiit it looked like two fmall iflands under the liind, and was therefore called Double liland Point. At noon, by help of glaffes, difcovef ed fome fands, which liiy m patches of feveral acres* We obferved they were movable, and that they had Hot been long in their prefent fituation j for we faw trees half buried, and the tops of others ftill green. At this time two beautiful^ Water-fnakes fwam by the {hip, in every refpeft re- fcmbiing land-fnakes, except that their tails were flat and broad, probably to ferve them inftead of fins in Iwimming. On the 2 2d, at fix m the morning, by help of our glaffes, when a-breaft of the fouth-point of a large bay, in which the captain intended to anchor, we dif- covered, that the land Was covered with palm-nut trees, • none of which we had fecn fnice we quitted the iflanda within the tropic. On the 23d, early in the morning, Capr. Cook attended by feveral gentlemen, and Tupia, went on fhore to examine the country. The wind blew fo frelh, and we found it (o cold, that being at fome' . diftancefrom the fhore, we took with us our cloaks. We landed a little within the point of a bay, which led into a large lagoon, by the fides of which grows the true mangrove, fuch as is found in the Weft-Indies, as it does alfo on fome bogs, and fwamps of falt-water which we difcovcred. On the 24th, We made fail out of tbe bay, ana on the day folio wiiig were a-breaft of a pomt, whichbe- I ing immediately under the tropic, tbe captajpt ^amed Cape Capricorn, on the wcft-fide we faw ali|^p^zing number of large birds, refcmbling the pelicifl " which were near five feet high. We ancho^^ fathom water, having the main land and barren lall rofund us. Numb. 5.- N of 2 ■4 1 9^ Captain Cook's first Voyage On the apth wc ftood between the range qf aimed barren iflands and the main land, which appeared movintainous. We had here very (hallow water, and anchored in fixteen fjet, which was not nK)re than the (hip drew. Mr. Banks tried to fi(h from the cabin windows, but the water was too (hallow. The ground indeed was covered with crabs, which greedily feized the bait, and held it till they were above water. Thefe crabs were of. two kinds, one of a very fine blue, with a white belly, and the other marktd with blue on the joints, and three brown fpots on the back. On June the ift we got under fail, and our lat. by obferyation was 21 deg. 29 min. fouth. We had quite open the Weftern inlet, which we have diftinguifhed by the name of Bread Sound. At eight in the evening we anchored in eleven fathom, with a fandy bottom, about two leagues from the main land. On the ad we got under fail, and difcovered a point of land, which we called Cape Conway. The land a- bout Cape Conway forms a moft beautiful landfcape, being diverfificd with hills and dales. By the help "^f our glaflies we difcovered two men and a woman en the ifland, and a canoe, with an outrigger like thofe of ptaheite. On the 8^th we flood away for the no'rthermoft point m fight, to .which we gave the name of Point Hillock. At iix iw the evening we were a-breaft of a point of land, which we named Cape Sandwich. We now ranged northward along the (bore, towards a clufter of iflands, on one of which was 40 or 50 men, women, and children were (landing together, all ftark naked, and looking at the (hip with a curiofity never obferved among thefe people before. At noon our lat^by ob- ijCervation, was 17 deg. 59 min. ind we were a-breaft of th« Round the World. 99 tix North Point of Rockingham Bay. This houndary of the bay is formed by an ifland of confiderable height, which we diftinguiflied by the name of Dunk Ide. ~ Sunday the loth, was remarkable for the dangerous fituation of the Endeavour. As no accident remarkably unfortunate had befallen «s, during a navigation of more than 1,300 miles, upoi^ a coaft every where a- bounding with the moft dangerous rocks and Ihoals, no name of diftrefs had hitherto been given to any cape or point of land which we had, feen. But vve now gave the name of Cape Tribulatioi, to a point we had juft feen fartheft to the northward, becaufe here we became acquainted with misfortune. The cape Hes in latitude 16 deg. 6 tnin. S. and 214 deg. 31 piin. W. longitude^ " ^. - ' ^ At fix in the cvcnrng we fhortened fail, and hauled off clofe upon a wind, to avoid the danger of feme rocks, which were feen a-head, and to oblerve wher thcr any iflands in the offing, as we were near the lat. of thofe iflands, faid to have been difcovered by Qui- ros. We had got into 21 fathom water, when fud- denly we fell 'nto 12, 10, and 8 fathom, in a few mi-, nutes. Every man was inftantly ordered to his ftation, and were upon the point of anchoring, when on a fud- den, we had again deep water, fo that we thought all danger at an end, concluding that we had failed over the tail of fome Ihoals. W^ had 2i fathoms and up-, wards before ten o'clock, and this depth continuing foiuttime, the gentlemen, who had hitherto been upon duty, retired to reft j but in lefs than an hour the water (hallowed at once from 20 to 17 fathoms, and. before foundings could be taken, the (hip ftruck upon a rock, and remained immoveable. Every one was, inftantly on deck, with countenances fully expreffive lOO Captain Cook's first Voyage of the horrors of our fituation. Knowing wc were not near the Ihore, conchided that we were upon a rock of coral, the points of which are (harp, and the fur- face fo rough, as to grind away whatever it rubbed a- gainft, even with the gentled motion. All the fails being immediately taken in, and our boats hoifted opt, "We lound, that the fhip had been lifted over the ledge of a rock, and lay in a hollow within it. Finding the water was deepcft a-ftern, mc parried out the .anchor from the (larboard quarter, and applied our whole force to the capftan, Jn hopes to get the vtffel off, but in vain. She beat fo violently againft the rock, that the crew could fcarcely (land on ilieir legs. Our bed chance of efcaping feemed now to be by lightening her i but having druck at high water, we fhould have been in our prefent (ituatipn after the veflel (hould draw as much lefs water as the water had funk ; our anxiety abated a little, on finding that the fhip fettled on the rocks as the tide ebbed, and we flattered our- felves, that if the fhip (hould keep together till the next tide, we mii^ht have fome chance of floating her. We therefore Indantly darted the "water in the hold, and pumped it up. The decayed dores, oil-jars, calks,, ballad, fix guns, and other things, were thrown overboard, in order to get at the heavier articles; and in this bulinefs we were employed till day-bfcakj dur- ing which time not an oath was fworn, fo much were the minds of the failors imprefTed with .a fenfe of"their danger. On the nth at day-light, we faw land at eight teagues didance, but not a Tingle ifland between us and the main, on which part of the crew might have been landed, while the J)oat went on (bore with the red : fo that the dedruftion of the greater part of us would tiave beep inevitable had the (hip gone to pieces. As We cxpedicd high water about eleven o'clock, every thing At heaved that Ih before gained inches Round the World. lox thing was prepared to make another effort to free the fhip, but the tide fell fo much fliort of that in the night, that flic did not float by i8 inches, though we bad thrown oyerboard 50 tons weight : we therefore renewed our toil, and threw overboard every thing that could poflibly ^e fpared ; fts the tide fell, the water poured in fo rapidly, that we could fcarcc keep Iier fiec by the conftant working of two pumps. Our only hope depended on the mid-might tide, and pre- - parations were accordingly made for another effort to get the (hip olf. The tide began to rife at five o'clock when the leak likewifeincreafed to fuch a degree, that two pumps more were manned, but only one of thc.n would work i three, therefore, kepc going till nine clock, at which time the fliip righted ; but fo much water had been admitted by the leak, that we expedl- ed flie would fink as. foon as the water fliould bear her off the rock. Our fituaiion was deplorable, beyond defcription, almoft ail hope being at an end. We knew that when the fatal moment Ihould arrive, all au- thority would be at an end. The boats were incapble of conveying all on fhore, and dreaded a conteft for the preference, as more fhocking than the (hip wreck iifelf : yet it was con(idered, that thofe who might be left on bodrd, would eventually meet with a wilder fate than thofe who, by gaining the (hore, would have no chance but to linger out the remains of life among the rudell favages in the univerfc, and in a country where fire-arms would barely enable them to fupporc ihemfelves in a moft wretched fituation. I, . . ■ • ■ ■ • • • ■ ■ At ten minutes after ten the (hip floated, and was heaved into deep water, when we were happy to find, that (he did not admit more water than (he had done before : yet, as the leak had for a confiderable time gained on the pumps, there was now three feet nine inches water in the hold. By this time the men were :'"■'■/ io fP2 Captain Copic's first Voyage fo worn by fatigue of mind and body, that none of them could pump above five or fix minutes at a time, and tiien threw themfelves, quite fpent, on the deck, amidfl: a ftream of water which came from the pumps. Between the infide lining of the fl^ip's bot- tom, and the outfide planking, there is a fpaee of a- bout 17 inches. The man xvho had hitherto taken the depth of water at the well, had taken it no farther than the cieling, but being now relieved by another perfon, who took the depth of the owtfide plank, it appeared by this miflake, that the leak had fudde^ly gained upon the pumps, the whole difference between the two planks. This circumftance deprived us of all hopes, and fcarce any one thought it worth while to labour : but the miftake was loon difcovered ; and the joy arifmg from fuch unexpefted good news, infpired the men with fo much vigour, that before eight in the morning, they had pumped out confiderably more wa- ter than they had fliipped, We now talked of nothing but getting the Ihip into fome harbour, and fet hearti- ly to work to get in the anchors; one of which, and the cable of another we loft; but thefe were now con- fidcred as trifles. Having a good breeze from fea, we got under fail at eleven o*clock, and fteered for land. As we could not difcover the exaft fituation of the leak, we had ho profpeft of flopping it within fide of the vef- fel, but on the 1 2th, the following expedient, which one of the midfliipmen had formerly feen tried with fuccefs, was adopted. We took an old ftudding fail, and h'^ving mixed a larg« quantity of oakham and wool, chopped fmall, it was Ititched down in handfuls on the fail, as lightly as poffible, the dung of (lieep and other filth being fpread over it. Thus prepared, the fciil was hauled under the Ihip, by ropes, which kept it extended till it came under the leak, when the fuftion carried in the oakham and wool from the furface of the fail. This experiment fuccecded fo well, tlmt inftead pf •;•• Round the World. 103 , at a on the )m the s bot- : of a- :en the farther inother ank, it iddeijly tetwecn ; of all hile to and the infpired X in the Lore \va- nothing t hearti- ich, and ow con- fea, we 'or land. :he leak, the vef- , which ied with ing fail, id wool, ,s on the lid other the iiiil kept it fuftioa ;e of the inftead of three pumps, the water was eafily kept under with one. We had hitherto no farther view than to run the fliip into fome harbour, and build a veffel from her materials, in which we might reach the Eall-Indies ; but we now began to think of finding a proper place to repair her damage, and then purfued her voyage on its original plan. At fix in the evening we anchored . feven leagues from thefhore; and found that the ftiip made 15 inches water an hour during the night ; but as the pumps could clear this quantity, we were not imeafy. In the morning we palTed two illands, and called them Hope Iflands, becaufc the reaching of them had been the objeft of our wifhes. In the after- noon, the mafter was fent out in a boat, to found and fearch for a harbour where the fliip might be repaired, and we anchored at fun-fet,. in four fathoms water, three miles from the fhore. One of the mates being fent out in the pinnace, returned at nine o'clock, re- porting, that he had found fuch a harbour as .was wanted, at the diflance of 2 leagues. On the 13th, at fix o'clock we failed, having pre- viouily fent the boat a-hcad to point out the fhoals I that we faw in our way. We foon anchored about a mile from the fliore, when the captain went out, and found the channel very narrow, but the harbour better adapted to our prefent purpofe, that any place we had feen in the courfe of the. voyage. As it blew very frelh this day, we could not venture to run into the harbour, but remained at anchor the two fucceeding days, in the courfe of which we obferved four Indians [on the hills, who flopped and made three fires. Our men by this time, began to be afl3iifted with thefcurvy^ and cur Indian friend Tupia \ra$ fo ill with it. _-a< I<34 Captain Cook's FIRST VoYACfc it, that he had livid fpots On both legs. The n iliore, thel Indians feemcd jealous, left they Ihould get betwecnl them and theiy arms, but care was taken to convince! them that np f\ich thing was intended, and more triflcs[ yf^e prcfei^ted them. The crew ftaid with them till dinner time^ and then made figns of invitation fori them to go to the fliip and eat; but this they declinedj «iud retired in ;heir canoe. « Thefe men were of the common ftatute, with verJ faiall limbs : their complexipn was of a deep chocolate] their hair black, either lank or curled, but not of tli| woolly kind; the breafts and upper lip of one of theij were painted witli ftreaks of white, which he ci carbanda, and fome of their bodies painted re Their teeth were white and even, their eyes brighJ and their features rather pleafing ; their voices muf ^1, and they repeated feve^al EngUfii woyds m great readihefs. The nex; morning the ylfit of three of thefe Icdia Oil the c[ canoe fign ed, 11 The frcwl Round the World, 109 vas renewed, and they brought with them a fourth, whom they called Yaparico, who appeared to be a perfon of fome confequcnce. The bone of a bird, a- bout fix inches long, was thrufl through his nofe. T hefe people being all naked, the captain gave one of them an old Ihirt, which he bound round his head like a turban. They brought a fifli to the Ihip, which was fuppofed to be in payment for that given them the day before : after Haying fome time with apparent fatisfac- tion, they fuddenly leaped into their canoe and rowed off, from a jealoufy of fome of the gentlemen, vbo V^ere e.^amininj| lU On the 1 2th, three Indians vifited Tupia's tent, and jifter remaining fome time, went for two others, whom they introduced by name. Some fifti was offered them, but they feeraed not much to regard it ; after eating a little, they gave the reft to Mr. Banks*s dog. On the j:4th, Mr. Gore fhot one of the animals above-men- tioned. It chanced to be a young one, wcig|;iiag more than 38 pounds, but when they are full grown, they are as large as a flieep, The ikin of thisbcaft, which is called Kangaroo, is covered with fliott fur, and is of a dark moufe-colour j the head and ears are fomewhat like thofe of a hare; this animal was dreffed for dinner, and proved tp be fine eating. The (liip's crew fed on turtle almoft every day, finer than thofe eaten in Eng- land, owing to their being killed before their natural fat vyas \vaftcd, and their juices changed, On the 1 7th, Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander went with the captain into the woods, and faw four Indians in a canoe, who went on (hore, and walked up without fign of fear. They accepted fome beads, and depart- ed, intimating that they did not chufe to be followed. The natives beihg now bqcome familiar with the fliip*s crew, one of them was deftred to throw his lance, Wliich mo Captain Cook's first Vqyagi ^t >_ ^ which he did, with fuch dexterity and force, thattho* it was not above four feet from the ground at the high- eft, it penetrated deeply into a tree at the diftance of 50 yards. The natives now came on board the Ihip, and were well pleafed with their entertainment. On the 19th, we faW feveral of the women, who, as well as the men, were quite naked. We were this day vifited by ten Indians, who feemed refolved to have one of the turtles that was on board, which they repeatedly made figns for, and being as repeatedly re- fufed, they expreffed the utmoft rage and rfefentment, one of them ift particular, paying received a denial from Mr. Banks, he ftampied and.pufhed him away in a moft violent manner. At length they hid hands op %wo of the turtles, and drew them to the fide of the fliip where the canoe lay, but the failors took them away. They made feveral fimilar attempts, but being equally unfucccfsful, they leaped fiiddenly into, their canoe, and rowed off. At this inftant the captain, with Mr. Banks, and five of the feimen, went on more, where many of the crew were -employed. One of the Indians fnatched a fire brand from under a pitch kettle, and running to the windward of what effefts were left' pn fliore, fet fire to the grafs, which burned rapidly, fcorched a pig to death, burned part of the fmith's forge and would have deftroyed a tent of Mr. Banks's, but fome people came from the fhip juft time enough to get it out of the way of the flames. In the mean while the Indians went to a place where the fifhing nets lay, and a quantity of linen was laid out to dry, and there again fet fire to the grafs, in fpite of all perfaafion, and even of threats. A mufquet loaded with fmaUfliop^ was fired, and one of them being wounded, they raa away, and this fecond fire was extinguilhed : but the other burned far into the woods. ?h? ^ U \-ii Round thi World. ill m^ The Indians ftill continued in fight, a mufquet was fired with ball, the report only of which fent them out of light ; but their voices being heard in the woods, the captain with a few people went to meet them. Both parlies flopped when in fight of each other ; at which time an old Indian advanced, and fpoke aloud to his companions, who placed their lances againd a tree, and came forward in a friendly manner. When they came up to us, we returned the darts we had taken, and perceived with great fatisfaftion, that this rendered the reconciliation complete. Having received from u» fome trinkets, they walked amicably towards the coaft, intimating by figns, that they would not fire the grafa again. , , . On the 20th, our fhip being ready for fea, the maf- 1 ter was fent in fearch of a paffage to the northward, but could not find any ; while the captain founded and buoyed the bar. This day we faw not any Indians ; but the hills for many miles were on fire, which at I night made an appearance truly fublimc. On the 24th, one of the failors, who with others I had been fent to gather kale, having ftrayed from the [reft, fell in with four Indians at dinner. He was at mrft much alacmed, but had prudence enough to con- Iceal his apprehenfions ; and fitting down by them gave jthem his knife, which having examined, they returned^' |He would have leftnhem, but they feemcd difpofcd ta ktain him, till, by feeling his hands and face, they irere convinced he was made of fleih and blood like lemfelves. They treated him with great civility, and liaviag kept him about half an hour, they made fign^- ^hat he might depart. When he left them, not taking [the dircft road to the fliip, they came from the fire and lewed him the neareft way; from whence wc con* idcd, that they knew frgia whence he cms^ - Mr. Ha Captain Cook's first Voyage Mr. Banks liaving gone on ftiore in fearch of plants, found the cloth that had been diftributed among the patives, lying in a heap, as ufelefs lumber. Indeed they feemed to fct very little valne upon any thing we had, except our turtle, a commodity we were lealt inclined ^nd able to fpare.. On the 29th we got the anchor up, and made all ready to put to fea. A boat was fent out to afcertain what water was upon the bar ; when returned, the officer reported, that there was only 13 feet, which was fix inches hfs than the (liip drew. We therefore this day gave up all hopes of failing. On the 30th we had frelh gales and hazy weather, till Tuefday the 31U at three in the morning, when the weather became more moderate. During all the time the pinnace and yawl continued to ply the net and hook with tolerable good fuccefs, bringing in at different times a turtle, and from 2 to 300 weight of fifli. On the 4th of Auguft, wc once more got under fail, and put to fca. We flood off E. .by N. with the pin- nace a head to keep founding. About noon we came to an anchor, when the harbour from whence we had failed bore S. 70 W. diftant about five- leauges. The captain here named the nortiiermofl point of land iq fight Cape Bedford, and the harbour we had quitted, Endeavour River. Our lat. by obfervation was 15 deg. 32 min. S» . Endeavour River is only a fmall bar harbour, which runs in a winding 'channel, three or four leagues in J?ind. The depth of water for (hipping is not more than a mile within the bar, and only on the north fide. The pnovifions we procured in this harbour confided of turtle, oyfters of different forts, cavalhe, flat fiih, flcate or . ray iifli, purHain, wild beans, and cabbagej .. , palms, Round the World. "3 lants, g tl^e 1 they e had, iclincd ade all certain sd, the which lercfore ^oth we the 31(1 became ace and [okrable rtle, and ider fail, the pin- we came e we had ;s. The_ land io quitted, was 15 ir, which jagucs in Inot more lorth fide. confided I flat fifti,[ cabbage palms.1 palms. The foil of the hills, though floney, produces courfc grafs befides wood, that of the valleys is in ge- neral well cloathed, and has the appearance of fertility. The trees are of various forts, of which the gum trees •.;rc the molt common. On each fide of the river are mangroves, which in fome parts extend a mile within the coail. On the 4th, Capt. Cook went up to the mafl-h.ead to look at fome dangerous (hoals, feveral of which we iiiw above water* This day fuch a quantity of fifli was rauifht, as allowed a dividend of two pounds to each man. During the fix following days we attempted to j'.iil betwcn.n the fKoals and breakers, by which we were every way furrounded. On the loth we were between. a head land and three iflands, which had been difco- vf red the preceding day. On the nth early in the morning, Mr. Banks and Ciipt. Cook went to vifit the largeft of the three iflands, . and having gained the fummit of the largeft hill, they beheld a reef of rocks, whereon the fea broke in a fiiglitful manner ; but the liazy weather preventing a j)crfeft view, they lodged under a bufh during thQ night, and next day feeing what had the appearance of a channel between the reefs, one pf the mates wasfent out ill the pinnace to examine it ; and at noon returned, having found 1 5 and 28 fathom of water. While bufy in this furvey, Mr, Banks was attentive to his favourite purfuit, and collc Wales to New Guiney — An account of incidents up- . on landing there — Proceeds from New Guiney to the ifland Savau — Its produdl and inhabitants — Run from Savau to Batavia — Tranfa(5lions while the Endeavour was reBttting at this place. ON the 23d of Auguft, 1770, after leaving Booby Ifland, we had light airs till five o'clock, when it fell calm, and we came to an anchor in eight fathom water, with a fo ft fandy bottom. On the 24th, foon after the anchor was weighed, got under fail, (leering N. W. and in a few hours- one of the boats a-head made the fignal for Ihoal-water. We i.nftantly brought *^thc (hip to, with all her fails {landing, and a furvey being taken of the fea around her, it was found that (he had met with another narrow efcape, as fhe was almofl encompafled with fhoals, that (he muil have ilruck before the boat's crew had made the ftgna), if (he had been half the length of a cable on either fide. In the afternoon we made fail with the ebb tide, and got ouf of danger before fun-fer> and brought to for that night. On Round the World. 119 On the 26th, it was the captain's intention to fteer >J. W. but having met with thofe (hoals,* altered our coiufe, and foon got into deep water. On the 27th, purfued our voyage, fhortenirig fail at night, and tacking till day-break of the 28th, when we fteercd due N. in fearch of New Guiney. At this time our lat. by obfervation was 8 deg. 52 min. S. We here obferved many parts of the fea covered with a kind of fcum, to which our failorsgave the name of fpawn. Land having been this day difcovered from the maft head, we flood off and on all night, and at day 'break failed towards it with a brilk gale. Between fix and fevcn inthe morning we had fight of a fmall lowifland, at iibout a league from the main, in lat. 80 deg. 13 min. S. and in long. 221 deg. 25 min W. and it had already been diftingniflied by the names of Bartholomew and Whermoyfen. It appeared a very level ifland, clothed with trees. The boats were fcnt out to found, the water being fliallow ; but as the ftiip, in ftiiling two leagues, had found no increafe in its depth, fignals were made for the boats to return on board. We then flood out to fea till midnight, tacked, and flood in for morning. On the 30th, when a!)out four leagues diftant, we, had fight of it, and its appearance was flill Hat and woody. We no t^ held a northward courfe, fcarcely within fight of land, and as the water was jufl deep enough to navigate the vefTel, many unfuccefsful at- tempts were made to bring her near enough to get on fhore : it was therefore determined to land in one of the boats, while the fliip kept plying off and on. Ip confequence of this refolution, On Sept. the 3d, Capt. Cook, Mr, Banksf, and Dr.> Solander, attended by the boat*$ crew, and Mr. Banks** fcrvant^ t2o Captain, Cook's. FIRST Voyage fcrvant, fet off from the fliip in the pinnace, being in all 12 perfons well armed. We rowed direftly to the ijiore, but when come within 200 yards of it, found the water io fliallow, that we o^vere ol)liged to leave the boat in care of the failors, and \V4ide to landi \Vc had no fooner reached the ihore, than we faw feveral prints of human feet on the fand, below high water mark, from whence it was evident, that the natives had been there. We walked by the fide of a wood, and came to a grove of cocoa-nut trees, not far from which was a flicd or hut, wliich had been covered with leaves, and near it lay number of frefti iliells of the fruit. Having now advanced a quarter of a mile from the boat, three Indians rulhcd out of the wocd with a hideous ihout, at about the diftance of ico yards, and has they ran towards us, the foremofl: threw fomething out of his hand, which flew on one fide oi" him, and burnt cxaftly like gun-powder, but made no report ; and the other threw their lances at us. No lime was to be loit; we difcharged our pieces loaded with fmall Ihot only ; which we imagine they did noi feel ; for without retreating, they caft a third dart : "wc therefore loaded with ball, and fired a fccond time. It is probable fome of them were wounded, as thiT uU took to their heels immediately. We improved this interval, in which the deftruftioii of the natives was np longer neceflary to our defence, and with all expedition returned to our boat. In the way we perceived fignals on board, that more Indianj were coming down in a body ; and before we got into the water, we perceived feveral of them coming round a point at the diltance of about 500 yards. When they faw us they halted, and feemed to wait till their main body fliould join them. They continued in this ilation, v/ithout giving us any interruption, while wc entered the water, and wuded towards the boat. We Round the World. iu r to tlu: , found leave d. Wc ■ feveral 1 water natives ii wood, far from covered iliells ot :,f a mile he wocd » of ICO oft threw le fide oi' : made no [US. No es loaded jy did no I ird dart : :ond time. L as thev P 7 «• \v We now took a view of them at our Icifure. They made much the fame appearance as the New Holland- ers, being nearly of the fame ftature, and having their liair fhort cropped. They were alfo like them ftark naked. During this time they were (houting at a dif- tance, and letting oiF their fires, which feemed to be difchargcd by a fiiort piete of flick, probably a hollow cane, this being fuung fideways, produced fire and fmoak like that occafioned by a mufquet. The crew on board the Ihip faw this ftrangc appearance, and ' thought the natives had fire arms, lliofe who went out in the boat, had rowed a-breaft of them, fired fome mufquets above their heads, the balls of which being heard by the natives rattling among the trees, they retired very deliberately, and our people in the boat returned to the fliip. This place is in lat. 6 deg. 15 min. S. " Sv^pt. the 3d, we made fail to the wcftward, being refolved to fpend no more time upon this coaft; but before we got under fail, fome of the officers flrongly urged the Captain to fend a party of men onfhore, to cut down the coco-nut trees, for the fake of the fruit. This Capt. Cook, with equal wifdom and humanity, peremptorily refufed, as unjuft and cruel ; fenfible that the poor Indians, who could not brook even tlie land- ing of a fmall party on their coaft, would have made a vigorous effort to defend their property had it been in- vaded; confcquently many muil: have fallen a facrifice on their fide, and perhaps fome of our own people. " I (hould, (fays Capt. Cooke) have regretted the ne- ceflity of fuch a meafure, if I had been in want of the neceiTarics of life; and certainly it would have been highly criminal when nothing was to be obtained but [two or three hundred green cocoa-nv.ts; which Would at moft procured us mere tranfient gratification. I might indeed have proceeded farther along the coaft Numb. 6. (^ t^ 122 Captain Cook's FIRST VoY AGE to the northward, or weftwjird, in fearch of a place \vhere the fliip might have lain fo near the fliore, as to cover the people with her^ guns when they landed ; but this would have obviated only part of the mifchief, and though it might have fecur'^d us, it would pro- bably in the very a£^ have been fi til to the natives. Bcfides, we had reafon to think that before fuch a place could have been found, we fliould have been carried fo far to the wcflward as to have been obliged to go to Batavia, which was"* another reafon for making ths bcft of our way to that place, efpecially as no difcoveiies could be expected in feas which had already been na- vigated, and where every coaft had been laid down by the Dutch geographers." On the 8th, we pafTed two fmall iflands, on one of which Captain Cook would have landed, but having only ten fathom water, the ground being alfo rocky, and the wind blowing frefh, we might have endangered the fafety of the fliip. We now failed at a moderate i rate till the next morning at three o clock ; after which we had no t^ round with 120 fathoms. Before noon we I had fight of land, which was conjectured to be either the Arrou Iflands, or Timor Laoet. We were now in| lat. 9 deg. 37 min. S and in long. 233 deg. 54 min. W.I We ftood off" and on during the night, and on the 12th, we faw a number of fires and fmoke in feveral places, from whence it was conjedured that the place was well peopled. The land and fea breezes being very llii.hr, we continued in light of the ifland for two days, when it was obferved that the hills reached in many places quite to the fea coaft, and where that was not the cafe, there were large and noble groves of cocoa- nut trees, v^hich ran about a mile up the country, atj which diftance, great numbers of houfcs and plantati- ons were feen ; the plantations were furrounded with! fences, and extended nearly to the fummits of the mofti Round the World* 123 , on one o{ but having a\fo rocky, endangered : a moderate after which ore noon we o be either were now in 54 min. W. on the i2ih, vera! places, place was s being very 3r two days, led in many that was not es of cocoa- country, at. and plantati" lunded witb ,niits of the moft moft lofty hills, yet neither the natives nor cattle were" iecn on any of them, which was thought a very extra* ordinary circuiTmance. On the 16th, we hiid fight of the little ifliind called Rotcc; and the fume day faw the illand Semau, at a diflance to the fouthward of Timor. The ifland of Rotteis chiefly covered with bufliy wood without leaves, but there are a number of fan palm trees on it, grow- ing near the fandy beaches; and the whole confift of alternate hills and valleys. The ifland of Semau is not fo hilly as Timor, but rcfcmbles it greatly in other re- fpcdls. At ten o'clock this night a dull reddifli hght was feen in the air, many parts of which emitted rays of a brighter colour which foon vanilhed, and were ' fucceeded by others of the fame kind. This phceno- meiion, which reached about ten degrees above the horizon, bore a confiderable refemblance to the Aurora Borealis, only that the rays of light which it emitted had no tremulous motion: it was furveyed for two hours, durijig which time its brightnefs continued un- diminifhed. As the fliip was now clear of all the jiflands which had been laid down in fuch maps as were on board, we made fail during the night, and were furprifed the next morning at the light of an ifland to the W. S. W. which we flattered ourfelves [was a new difcovery. Before noon v/p had fight of loufcs, groves of cocoa-nut trees, and large flocks of leep. This was a welcome fight to people whole lealth was declining for want of refrefhment, and it fas inftantly refolved to attempt the purchafe of what- ^veftood fo much in need of. The fecond lieutenant kvas immediately difpatched in the pinnace, in fcarcli )f a landing place ; and he took with him fuch things IS it was thought might be acceptable to the natives. — "•uring Mr. Gore's abfence, the people on board faw ;wo men on horfeback upon the hills, who frequently Hopped, 124 Captain Cook's first Voyage fiopped to take a vievy of the vcffel. The lieutenant foon returned with an account that he had entered a little cove, near which ftood a few houfesj that feveral men advanced and invited him to land; and that they converfed together fo well as they could by figns. The lieutenant not being able to find any place in which the (hip might come to anchor, he was difpaich- ed again with money and goods to buy fuch necefla- ries as were immediately wanted for the fick. Dr. Solander attended the lieutenant, and during their ab- fence, the fhip ftood of} and on the (bore. Soon after the boat had put off, two other horfemen were feen from the (hip^ one of whom had a laced hat on, and "Was drefled in a coat and waiftcoat, of the fafhion of Europe. Thefe men rode about on (hore taking little notice of the bdai, but regarding the (hip with the ut- mcft attention. As foon as the boat reached the (hore, fome other perfons on horfeback, and many on foot haftcned to the fpot, and it was obferved that fome co- ^oa-nuts vftxc put into the boat, from whence it was concluded, that a traffic had commenced with the na- tives. A fignal being n[>ade from the boat that the fhip rnight anchor in a bay at fome diftance, (he im. I mediately bore away for it. When the lieutenant carae on board, he reported, that he c^^uld not purchafe any cocoa-nuts, as the owner of them was abfent» and that ■what he had brought were given him> in return for which hi had prefled the natives with fome linen. The method by which he learned that there was a harbour in the neighbourhood, was by the natives drawing i\ kind of rude map on the fand, in which the harbour, and a town near it, was reprefented; it was likewife hinted to hira, that fruit, fowl, hogs, and flieep might be there obtained in great abundance. He faw feveral] pf the principal inhabitants of the ifland, who hadi ch^u^ of gold about their necks» and wore fine linen. ■'■'.•■ ■ ■"■ ' Tkl »'i Round the WoRtD. 125 The word Portuguefc being frequently repeated by the Indians, it was conjeftured that fomc natives of Portu- gal were in the ifland, and one of the boat's crew being of that kingdom, he fpokc to the iflanders in his own language, but foon found that they had only learned a few words, of which they did not know the meaning. While the natives were endeavouring to reprefent the fituation of tlie town near the harbour, one of them, in order to be more particular in directions, informed the Englilli that they would fee fomcthing which he endea- voured to dcfcribc by placing his hngcrs acrofs each other ; and the Portugucfe failor took it for granted, that he could mean nothing but a crofs. When the hoat's crew were on the point of returning to the Ihip, the gentleman who had been feen on horfeback in the drefs of Europe, came down to the beach ; but the lieutenant did not think it proper to hold a conference with him, b?caufe he had left his commiffion on board ^ic lliip. When the ftiip had entered the bay, in the evening, according to the direftions received, an Indian town" was feen at a diftance; upon which a jack was hoifted on the fo^e-rtop-mafl head, prefently afterwards three guns were fired, and Dutch colours were hoifted in die town i the ftiip, however, held on her way, and came to an anchor at feven in the evening. The co- lours being feen hoifted on the beach the next morning, the captain concluded, that the Dutch had a fcttlcment on the ifland, he therefore difpatched the fecond Heu- tena' . co acquaint the governor, or other principal re- fidcnt, who they were, and that the (hip had put in fot neceffary refrefliraents. The lieutenant having landed, he was received by a kind of guard of fomething more than twenty Indians, armed with mufqaets, who after they had taken down their colours from the beach, pro- ^e?dcd without the Icaft military order j and thus ef- corted ! j I' I j 126 Captain Cook's first Voyage corted him to the town, where the colours had been hoifled the preceding evening. The heutenant was now conduced to the Raga, or king of the illand, to whom, by means of a portuguefe interpreter, he made known his bufiriefs. The Raja faid, he was ready to fupply the fliip with the neccflary refrefhments, but that he could not trade with any other people than the Dutch, with whom he was in alliance, without having iirlt obtained their confcnt; he added, however, that he would make application to the Dutch agent, who was the only white man among them. To this agent, whofe name was Lange, and who proved to be the per- fon that was feen from the fliip in the European drefs, a letter was difpatched, and in a few hours he came to the town, behaved politely to the lieutenant, and told him he might buy what he thought proper of the inha- bitants of the ifland. This offer being freely made, and readily accepted, the Raja and Mr. Lange intimated their w idles to go on board the fliip, and that t wo- of the boat's crew might be left as hoftages for their fafe return. The lieutenant gratified them in both thefe requefts, and took them on board juil before din- ner was ferved. It was thought that they would have fat down without ceremony; but now the Raja in- timated his doubts, whether being a, black, they would permit him to fit down with them. The politenefs of the officers foon removed his fcruples, and thegreateft good humour and feftivity prevailed among them. As. Dr. Solander and another gentleman on board, were to^ lerably proficients. in Dutch, they afted as interpreters between Mr. Lange and the officers, while fome of the failors, who underllood Portuguefe, converfed with fuch of the Raja's attendants as fpoke that language. Our dinner coniillcd chiefly of mutton, which when the Raja had taflcd, he requefl:ed of us an Englilh flieep, and die only one we had left was prefcnted to him. Our complaifance in this particular, encouraged the . ' - king Round the World. 137 ]iing to afk for an Englifli dog, and Mr. Banks politely gave him liis greyhound. A fpying-glafs was alfo put into his hand, Mr. Johan Chriftopher Lange having in- timated that fuch a prefcnt would be very acceptable. Our vifitors now informed us, that the ifland abound- ed with buffaloes, flieep, hogs, and fowls, plenty of which fliould be driven down to the ftiore the next day. This put us all in high fpirits, and the 'liquor circu- lated rather fafler than either the Indians or the Saxon could bear; but they h»id, |iowever, the rcfolution to exprefs a defire to depart, before they were quite in- toxicated. When they came upon deck, they were re- ceived in the fame manner as when they came aboard, by the marines under arms ; and the Raja exprcffmg a dcfire to fee them exercife, his curiofity was gratified. They fired three rounds. The king obferved them with great attention, and appeared much furprifed at the regularity and expedition of their manoeuvres. They were difraiffed with many prcfents, and on their departure, were fainted with nine guns. Our gentlemen on their arrival at the town, tafted their palm wine, which was the frefli juice of the trees, unfermented. It had a fweet, but not difagree- able tafte, and hopes were entertained, that it might contribute to recover our fick of the fcurvy. On the 1 9th, Capt. Cook, attended by feveral gen- tlemen, went on lliore to return the Raja's vifit ; but their principal intention was to purchafe the cattle and fowls, which they had been aflfured the pre- ceding day (liould be driven down to the beach. We were greatly chagrined at finding no Heps had been taken to fulfil this promife : however, we pro- ceeded to the houfe of aflferably, which, with a few other houfcs, built by the Dutch Eaft-India Company, ure dillinguiftied from the reft, by having two pieces of wood, 128 Captain Cook's first Voyage wood, refembling a pair of cows horns, fixed at each end of the roof J and thcfe we coixludcd to be what the Portuguefc failors couftruft into croflfcs, from the Indian having crolTcd his fingers when he was dcfcribing the town. At the houfe of affembly we faw Mr. Liinge and tlie Raja, whofc name was A Madocho Lomi Djara, furroiinded by many of the principal people; Capt.Coolc having informed them, that he had loaded his boat with goods, which he wiihed to exchange for necelTar^' re- frefliments, pcrmiiTion was given him to land them. We now endeavoured to make an agreement for the hog?, iheep, and buffaloes, which were to be paid for in calh ; but this bufmefs was no fooner hinted than Mr. Lang took his leave, having firft told the captain that he had received a letter from the govemor of Con- cordia, in Timor, the contents of which fhould be dif- clofed at his return. As the morning was now far ad- vanced, and we had no provifions on board, we requelted the Raja's permiffion to buy a fm:Ul hog and fome rice, and to order his people to drcfs the dinner for us. He very obligingly replied, that if we could eat victuals dreffed by his fubjefts, which he could fcarccly fuppofe, he would do himfelf the honour of entertain- ing us. A dinner being thus procuretl, the captain fcm off" his boat to brii?g liquors from the fliip. It was ready about five o'clock, and after we were feated on matSj which were fpread on the floor, it was ferved in fix and thirty baikets. We were then conduced by turns to a hole in the floor, near which Hood a man with water in a veflTel, made of the leaves of tlie fan- palm, who aiEfted us in waJhing our hands. This done we returned to our places and expefted the king. Having waited fome time, we enquired the reafon of bis abfence, and were informed that the perfon who gave j the entertainment never partook of it with his guefts,| but that the Raja was ready to come and tafte .of what was provided, if we catertained a thought that the vie- tuah I Round the World. 129^ tuals were poifoned. We declared that we did not hiirboiir any I'uch fufpicion, and defired that the cuftom oF the country might not be violated on our account. The pork and rice were excellent, and the broth not to bedefpifed; but the fpoons, made of leaves, were fo fiiiall, that few of us had patience to ufe them. We did not drink our wine at the, place where we had dined ; and the remains of the dinner we left to the feamen and fervants. When we thought the wine had fo far operated as to o|)en the heart, we took an opportunity to enquire after the buffaloes and llieep, of v/hich we had not in all this time heard a fyllable, tho* they were to have been at the beach early in tlie morning. Mr. Lange, the Saxon Dutchman, now began to communicate to us the contents of the letter, which he pretended to have received from the governor of Concordia, and where- in he faid, inftru(fiions were given, that if the Ihip ihould touch at this ifland, and be in want of provifi- ons, Ihe ftiould be fupplied ; but he was not to permit her to remain Ipngerthan was neceflary; nor were any large prefects to be made to the natives cf low rank. It is probable that the whole of this ftory was a fiAion; and that by precluding our liberality to the natives, the Saxon Dutchman hoped more eafily to draw all the prefents of any value into his own pocket. In the evening we were informed, that only a few flieep had been brought to the beach, which had been driven a- way before our people could procvire money from the Ihip to pay for tliem. Vexed at being thus difappointed in purchafing the chief articles moft • anted, we remonftrated with Mr. Lange, who now found another fubterfuge. He faid, had we gone down to the beach, we niight have bought what wepleafedj but the natives were afraid of being |l vnpofci ijo Captain Cooit*s first Voyage impofed on by our feamen with coiintcrfeit money. We could not biit feel fome indignation againft: a man who had concealed this, being true; or alledged it, being falfe ; Capt. Cook repaired immediately to the beach, but no cattle were ta be feen, nor any near at hand to be bought. The Raj^i indeed had given a more plaufible reafon for our difappointmcnt : he faid, the buffaloes being far up in the country, there had not been time to bring them down to the beach* On the 20th, Dr. Solander went afliore with Capt. Gook, and while the former went up to the town to fpeak to Lang, the Captain remained on the b'^ach with a view of purchafing provifions* Here he met with an old Indian, who, as he appeared to have fome authority, we called him the Prime Minifter. The captain prcfented him with a fpying-glafs j but only a fmall buffalo was offered to be fold. The price was five guineas, nearly twice its real value. Three, how- ever, were offered, which the dealer thought a good price; but faid, he mud acquaint the king with what had been bid before he could ftrike the bargain. A meffenger was immediately difpatched to the Raja, and ©n his return brought word, that not lefs than five guineas would be taken for the buffalo. The captain abfolutely refufed r:o give the fum demanded, which occafioned the fending away a lecond meffenger, and ^luring his abfence. Dr. Solander was feen coming from the town, followed by above a hundred men, fome of whom were armed with mufquets, and others with lances. Upon enquiring into the meiining of this hof- tile appearance, the doftor informed us, that the peo- ple would not trade with us becaufe we had refufed to 'give them more -than half the value for their commo- dities ; and that we were not to expeft pcrmiffion to Irade upon any terms longer than this day, Al Round the World. m A native of Timor, wliofe parents were Portuguefe, came down with tljis party, and delivered to the cap . tain what was pretended to be the order of the R.rija, and which was in fubftance the fame that Lange had told Dr. Solander; but it was afterwards difcovered that this man was a confident of Lange*s in the fchemc of extortion. The Englifli, gentleman had at the fame time no doubt, but that the fuppofcd order of the Raja was a contrivance of thefe men, and while they were debating how to aft in this critical conjunfture, anxious to bring the aftair to fpeedy ilTuc, the Porcuguefe be- gan to drive away fuch of the natives as had brought pahn-fyrup and fowls to fell, and others who were now bringing Iheep and bi;ffaloes to the market. At this junfture Capt. Cook happened to look at the old man who had been dillinguilhcd by the name of primp mi- niiler, imagined that he faw in his features a diiappro- hation of the prcfcnt proceedings; and, willing to im- prove the advantage, he grafped the Indian's hand, arid gave him an old broad fword. This well-timed prefent produced all the good effedls that could be wilhed; the. prime minifter was enraptured at fo honourable a mark of diftindion, and brandilhing his fword over the head of the impertinent Portuguefe, he made botrt him and a man who commanded the party, lit down bshind him on the ground. The whole bufmefs was now accom* pliflied i the natives, eager to fupply whatever was wanted, brought their cattfe in for fa!e, and the market was foon flocked. Capt. Cook purchafed of the na- tives fome hundred gallons of palm-fyrup, a fmall quantity of garlick, a large number of eggs, fome limes and cocoa-nuts, thirty dozen of fowls, three hogs, fix fieep, and nine buffaloes. Having obtained thefe necellary articles, now prepared for failing from this place. The ifland of Savu is fituatccj in xo Ceg 35 min. a lat. 132 'Captain Cook*s first Voyagk lat. and 237 degi 30 min. W. long. The harbour in which the Ihip lay was called Seba. The ifland pro- duces tobacco, cotton, betel, tamarinds, limes, oranges, mangoes, guiney corn, rice, callevances, and melons. A fmall quantity of cinnamoo was feen, and Ibme Eu- ropean herbs, fuch as garlick, fennel, celery, and marjoram. The people of this ifland are below the middle (la- ture; their hair is black and ftrait. The men are well formed and iprightly, and their features differ much from each other j the women, on the contrary, have all one fet of features, arc very (hort, and broad built. The men hive filver pincers hanging by firings round their necks, with which they pluck out the hairs of their beards. The drefs of the men confifls of two jrieces of cotton cloth, one of which is bound round the middle^ and the lower edge of it being drawn pret- ty tight between the legs, the upper edge is left loofe, fo as to form a kind of pocket, in which they carry knives and other things: the other piece being paft un- der the former on the back of the nearer, the ends of U are carried over the (boulders, and tucked into th^ pocket before. The women drew the upper edge of the piece round the waift tight, while the lower edge dropping to the. knees, made a kind of petticoat: the other piece of cloth is faftencd acrofs the breaft, and ■under the arms. ♦• As to the fond of thefc peojple, they eat all the tame animals to be found in the ifland; but they prefer the hog to all. others-, the next to this they admire horfe- flelh i to which fucceeds the buffalo, then poultry; they prefer cats and dogs to goats and fheep. FilTi, is not eaten but by the poor, nor by them, except when their bulinefs requires them to be upon the beach, jftnd then each man has a light cafting net, which is R o u jj D THE World, '33 ddlefta- are well er much ry, have .ad built, gs round i hairs oi s of two nd round awn pret- left loofe, hey carry T paft un- \Q ends of d into th^- er edge of 3V»er edge :icoat: the •reaft, and girt round his body, and with this he takes any fmall fifli that come in his way. On the 2 1 ft of Sept. we got under fail, and bent our courfe weftward. At four in the afternoon, in lat. lodeg. 38 min. S. and long. 238 deg. 28 min. W. we difcovered a fmall low ifland. In the evening of the 23d, we got clear of the iflands: and on the 28ih, we fteered all day N. W. with a view of making the land of Java, and on the 30th, Capt. Cook took into hia pofieflion the log-book and journals, at Icaft all he could find of the oTicers, petty officers, and feamen, whom he ftridlly enjoined fecrecy with refpe6l to where they had been. At feven in the evening we had thun- der and lightening, and about eleven, by the light of *he flalhes we faw the weft end of Java. On the and of Odober, we were clofe in with the coaft of Java, in fifteen fathom water, along which we ftood. In the forenoon a boat was fent alhore, in order io prccure fome fruit for Tupia, who was at this time txtremely ill. Our people returned with four cocoa- nuts and fome plantains, for which they had paid a (hilling i but fome herbage for the cattle the Indians gave our feamen, and aflifted them to cut it. We new made but very Uttle way till night, when tbeiand 'cret^ze fpringing up, we failed to the E. 9. E, and on tiv ' ^Howing day came to an anchor in the road ,of Bata /; A. this place we found a number of large Dutch vefleis, he'Harcourt Eaft-Indiaman from Eng- land, which had loft her paflTage to China, and two ihips belonging to the private trade of our India Com- Ipany. The Endeavour had no fooner anchored, thaa a (hip was obferved, wiih a broad pendant flying, from Iv'hich a boat was difpatched to demand the name of (tbc vc^^l, with that of the (sommandcr, &:c. To thefe . " ~ enquiries n 4 t 't h '■ I ' ' ,1*;.; 134 Capt AiN Cook's FIRST V OY AGE enquiries Capt. Cook gave fuch anfwers as he thought proper, and the oiEcer who commanded the boat de- parted. The captain now difpatched an officer to the go- vernor of the town, to apologize for the Endeavour's not fahuing : for he had but three guns proper for the purpofe, except fwive's, and he was apprehenfive that they would not be heard. The (hip was fo leaky, that fhe made about nine inches water in an hour; part of the falfe keel was gone; one of her pumps was totally iifelefs, and the reft fo much decayed, that they could not laft long 7 he olTicers concurring in opinion, that the (hip coui J » fafely put to fea again in this condi- tion, the capta^. cfolved to folicit permi(rion to heave her downj but as he learned that this muft be done inl writing, he drew up a petition, and had it tranflated in- to Dutch. ' ' . ' ' '- ^ On the ?oth the Captain and the reft of the gentle- men went on fhore, and applied to theEnghfh refident| at Batavia j this gentleman, whofe name was Leitli, received his countrymen in the politeft manner, andl entertained them at dinner with great hofpitality. Mr. Lcith informed us, that a public hotel was kept in town, by order of tlie Dutch governor, ar which place merchants and other ftrangers were obliged to lodge, and that the landlord of the hotel was boundl to find them warehoufes for their goods, on conditionl of receiving ten (hillings on every hundred pounds ofj their value, but as the Endeavour was a king's (liipj her officers and the other gentlemen might rdidej .where they thought proper. In the afternoon Capt. Cook attended the governor- general, who received him politely, and told him tol wait on the council the next mornings when his peti-^ iwi OE Round the WorlDw ns thought boat de- I the go- deavour's ler for the nfive that ;aky, that r ; part of yas totally they could nion, that this condi- gn to heave I be done in I anflated in- ihe gentle- Vilb refident was Leitli, nanner, and tality. Mi- as kept in, at whicli obliged to was bound n condition d pounds of king's (liip, ight relidc' le governor" told bim t( [hen bis pen- \\ol tion (hould be laid before him, and every thing he fo- licited fhould be granted. On the nth Capt. Cook watted on the gentlemert of the council, who informed him that all his requefts (hould be complied with. In the interim the other gen- tlemen made a contrail with the matter of the hotel* to furnifh them and their friends with as much tea, coffee, punch and tobacco, as they might have occafion for, and to keep them a feparate table, for nine (hil- linc^sa day Englifh money. Our Indian friend Tupia had hitherto continued on board on account of his difprder, which was of the bilious kind, yet he perfifted in refuting every medicine that was offered him. Mr. Banks fent for him on (hore, in hopes that he might recover his health. While in the* Ihip, he was exceedingly liftlefs and low fpirited, but he no fooner entered the town, than he feemed as if reanimated. The houfes, the carriages, ftreets, people, and a multiplicity of other objedls, wholly new to him, produced an effedl like the fup-^ pofed power of fafcination. About this time we had procured an order to the Ifupcrintendant of the ifland of Quruft, where the fliip [was to be repaired, to receive her there, and by one |of the fhips that failed for Holland, an account was fent to Mr. Stephens, fecretary to the Admiralty, of jur arrival at this place. Here the Captain found an jnexpefted difficulty in procuring money for the ex- pences that would be incurred by refitting the Endea- mur ; private perfons had neither the ability nor in- clination to advance the fum required ; he therefore lent a written application to the governor himfelf, wha ydered the Shebander to fupply the Captain with fthat money he might want out of the companys tfca- lury. Ott / 1^, ' J 1^6 Captain (Book's first Voyac^: On the 1 8th, wc ran down to Ournfl, and laid the fliip along fide of the wharf on Cooper's Ifland, in order to take out her ftores. A little more than nine days, we began to experience the fatal eifefts of the dimate and fituation. Tupia funk on a fudden, and grew every day worfe and worfc. Tayeto, his boy, was feized with an inflammation on his lungs. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander were attacked by fevers, and the two fervants of the former became very ill; in lliort, almofl every perfon on board and afliore fell iick m a few days, owing, as we imagined, to the low fwampy fituation of the place. > On the 26th, we erected a tent for the Tick. Tupia, of W'hofe life we began to defpair, defired to be re- moved to the fliip, in hopes of breathing a freer air j however, this could not be done, as (he was unrigged, and preparing to be laid down at the careening place ; but on the 28th, Mr. Banks conveyed him to Cooper's Ifland, and, a^ he Jeemed pleafed with the fpot near ivhich the ihip lay, a tent v/as pitched for him. V - On the 5th of Nov. after many unavoidable delays, the fliip was laiJ down, and the fame day My. Monk, houfc, our furgeon, fell a facrilice to 'his fatal coun- try. 3Dr. Solander was jufl able to attend his funeral,! but Mr. Banks in his turn was confined to his bed. The power of difeafe, from the pefl;iferous air of the country, daily gaining ftrength, feveral Malay fervams were hired to attend the fick, but they had fo littlel fenfe cither of duty or humanity, that the patient wa$| Dbliged frequently to get out of bed to fcek them. On the 9th our Indian boy Tayeto paid the debt of, . nature, and Tupia was fo affefted at the lofs, that itl was doubted whether he would furvive it till the iiex day. Round the World. ^7 Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks were now fo worn down by their diforders, that the phyficians declared tliey had no chance for recovery but by removing into the country. In confequence of this advice a houfe was hired for them, at the diftance of about two miles from the fown, which belonged to the mailer of the hotel, who engaged to fupply them with provifions, and the ufe of flaves* As they had already experi- enced the unfeeling inattention of thefe fellows to the fick, they bought each of them a Malay woman, who from the tendernefs of their fex, made them good nurfcs. While thefe gentlemen were taking meafures for the recovery of their health, tliey received an ac- count of the death of Tupia, who funk at once after tlie lofs of his boy, Taycto, whom he loved with the tendernefs of a parent : They were both buried in the iiland of Edam. On the 14th the bottom of the lliip was thoroughly- repaired, and much to Capt. Cook's fatisfaftion, who bciiowed great encomiums on the officers and work- men at the marine-yard ; in his opinion there is not one in the world, where a (liip can be laid down with more convenient fpecd and fafety, nor repaired with more diligence and Ikill. At this time Capt. Cook was taken HI. Mr. Sport- ing alfo, and a failor who attended Mr. Banks, were feized with the deadly intermittents, and only ten o£ the (hip*s company were capable of doing duty. Yet noiwithftanding thefe perplexing obftacles, though ha- rafTcd by a contagious dileafe, and alarmed by frequent deaths, we proceeded in rigging the (hip, and getting water and neceffaries ftores aboard: the ftofes were eafily obtained and (liipped, but the water we were obliged to procure from Batavia, at the rate of fix Ihil- S lings ^^1 >38 Captain Cook's first Voyage lings and cight-peuce a leager, or one hundred and fiftj gallons* On the 25th m the night, there fell fuch a fliower of ruin; as even all of us had caufe to remember. The water poured thro* every part of Mr. Banks's houfe, and the lower apartments admitted a ftream fufficient to turn a mill. As this gentleman now was greatly re- ftored in health, he went to Batavia the following day, and was furprifcd to fee that the inhabitants had hung their bedding to drj^. About the 26th of this month the monfoons fet in v it blows in the day time from the N. or N. W. and from the S. W. during the night ; previous to this there had been violent fliowers of rain for feveral night?. The fliip being repaired, the fick people received ©n board her, and the greater part of her water and ftorcs taken in, flie failed from Ouruft on the 8 th of December, and anchored in the road of Batavia: twelve days were employed in receiving the rc- ■maindcr of her provifions, water, and other necefla- ries, though the bufmefs would have been done in much lefs time, but that fome of the crew died, and the majority of the furvivors were fo ill, as to be una- ble to givje tJicir aiTiftance*, On the 24th, Capt. Cook took leave of the governor, and fome other gentlemen, who had diftinguiflied thcmfelves by the civilities they fliewed him ; but at thK junfture furniflied v/ith a number of large guns, which com- piand the landing-place. ApartmCiits are provided in this cafiJe for the go- vernor-general and all the council; and in cafe of a fiege they have orders to retire thither. In the caftlc are likewife a jiumber of ftore-houfes, in which the effects belonging to the company are depofited. The company have in their poflefiion large quantities of gunpowder, which is kept in different places, that the lightning may not deftroy the whole ftock at once ; a great number of cannon are likewife laid up within the caflle. There are a great many forts built in diffe- rint parts of the country, feveral miles diflant from Batavia, moll probably erefted to keep the natives ia fubjeftion y I Af 142 Captain Cook's first Voyage fubjcfti n ; and bcfides thefe there arc a number of for- tified hoiifcs, each mounting eight guns, which are fo Ihitioncd as to command the canals and the roads on the borders. There are houfcs of this kind in many parts of the iiland of Java, and the other iflands in its ncigli- bourhood, of which the Dutch Imve obtained poffcf- fion. The Chinefe having rebelled againlt them in the year 1 704, all their principal houfes were demoliflied by the cannon of one of thefe fortified houfes, which is in the town of Batavia, where, likewife^ there are a ftw more of them. The fruits of this country are near forty in number, and of fomc of thefe there are feveral kinds. Pine-ap. pies grow in fuch abundance, that they may be pur- chafed for the value of an Englilh farthing. The fwcct oranges are good of their kind, but dear at particular times. The (haddocks of the Weft Indies, called here pamplemoofes, have an agreeable flavour. Lemons arc very fcarce, but limes are altogether plentiful, and fold at little more than two-pence a fcore. There are many kinds of oranges and lemons, but none of them excellent-. Of mangoes there are plenty. Of bananas, there are an amazing variety of forts, fomc of which being boiled, are eaten as bread, while others are fried in batter, and are a nouriihing food: but of the nu- merous forts of fruit, three only are fit to be eaten : one indeed is remarkable, becaule it is filled with feeds, which are not common to the reft, Grapes arc fold from one fliilling to eight-pence a pound, tho* they are far from being good. Tamarinds are cheap and plentiful. The cocoa nut is plentiful i|i this country, and there feveral kinds of this fruit, the bell of which is very red betw,^en the llicll and the fkin. In this couniry fweet fcented flowers are plentifuf, many fpecics of which being entirely unknown, arc worth Round the World. ^43 worth remarking. The combang tonquln, and corn- bang carenafli, are particularly fragrant flowers, which bear fcarcely any rcferablance to any of tliofe flowers with which we arc acquainted. They are very fmall, and Teem to be of the dog's- banc fpecics. The ca- munga, which is more like a bunch of leaves than a flower, is of a fingul.ir fmcll, but very grateful. The bon tanjong, is of a pale yellow caft, and has a very agreeable fmcll; it is about an inch and an hulf in circumference, and confifl;s of pointed leaves, which gives it the appearance of a ftar. There is alfo an ex- traordinary kind of flower called fundal malam, which fignifics the intriguer of the night. This flower has no fmell in the day-time, but as night comes on, it has a very fragrant fcent, and is very much like the Kng- lifh tuberofe. Thefe flowers being made into nofcgays of different fliapcs, or ftrung upon thread, are carried thro' the flreet for falc on an evening. A plant called the pandang is produced here, the ves of which being flired fmall, and mixed \yith oilier flowers, the natives of both fexes fill their cloaths and hair with this mixture,, which they like- wife fprinkle on their beds, and fleep under this heap of fweets, a thin piece / chints being their only I covering. Formerly the only fplce that grew on the ifland of I Java was pepper. A confiderable quantity is brought from thence by the Dutch, but very Hitle of it is made life of in the country. The inhabitants prefer cayan [pepper, and are fond of cloves and nutmeg, but thefe Ifirft are too dear to be commonly ufed. Near the ifland jcf Amboyna are fome little ifles, on which the cloves Igrow, and the Dutch were not eafy till they all became [their property. Scarcely any other nutmegs are found aut on the irfand oi Banda, which however furnifhe* enough I 1. ^1 144 Captain CooK.*s PIR s T VoYAGti enough for all the nation that have a demand for that commodity. There are but few nutmeg-trees on the coaftof Ne\V Guinea. The ifland of Java, of vi'hich we have already fpoken, produces horfes, buffaloes, Iheep, goats^ and hogs. The fort of horfes faid to have been m?t wi^ here vvhen the country was firft difcovered, appeared to be nimble animals though fmall, being generally feldom above thirteen hands high. The horned cattle of this country are different from thofe ot Europe, 'i^hey are quite lean, but of a very fine grain. The Chinele and the natives of Java cat the bufFaloe flefh, which the Dutch conftantly re- fufe, b^ing imprelTed with a (Irange idea that it is fe- verifh. The (heep are hairy like goats, and have long cars : they are mollly found to be tough and ill-tafted. There happening to be a few from the Cape of Good Hope at Biuavia^ fome of them were purchafed at the rate of one (hilling a pound. In this country palm- wine and arrack are very plen- tiful. Of the former there are three forts, the fail of| which is drank in a few hours alter it is drawn from the tree, and is moderately fweet ; the fecond and third forts are made by fermentation, and by putting feveral forts of herbs and roots into the liquor. In Java, the rcligon of Mahomet is profcfied, for] •which reafon the natives do not make ufe of wine pub- licly ; but in private they will not rcfufe it. They ulfol chew opium, whofc intoxicating qualities proves irsj recommendation to the natives of India. Some of the Indians are very ri::h, keep a great] number of flaves, and live, in all refpeds, accordingl to the cuftom of their countries, while others are envf ployed to carry goods by water: and others again fiiN join, and th jSiiniati On contini three ol 'anchor! teen hi Jprociire much u| (tavia. Numl o u 1^ D T H E World, 145 Tifl: by .fiftiing.. The oranflams, or believers of the faith, feed principally on boiled rice, mixed with a ifmall quantity of dried flirimps and other fifli, whicli are imported from China, and a litrie of the. flefli of huffaloes and chickens j they arc fond of fruit, of which, they eat large quantities, and with the flour of the rice they make leveral forts oif paltry. When a marriage is to be folemnized amon^ them, all the gold and filver ornaments that can be procured, are uorrowed to deck out the young couple, who, on thefe occafions, never fail to make the moll fplendid appear- ance ; fumptuous entertainments are given by thofe who can afford them, which continue twelve or four- teen days'i and frequently more, during all which time the women take care that the bridegroom (hall not vifit his wife privately, tho' the wedding takes place previous to the feflival. On the 27th of December, early in thf, morning. We weighed, left the harbour of Batavia, and ftood out to fca. On the 29th, after much delay by contrary winds, we v/eathercd Pulo Pare, and ftood for the main. On the fame day pafled a fmall ifland between Batavia and i^antam, called Mancater's illand. On Sunday the 30th, wc weathered Wapping and Pulo Babi iflands, and the next day, being the 31ft, wc ftood over to the i Sumatra fliorc. \ \ On the kft of Jan. we fteered for the Java fhore, and I continued our courfe, as the wind permitted us, till three o'clock in the afternoon of the 5th, when we caft anchor on the fouth-eaft fide of Prince's Ifland, in ci'jh- jteen fathom water, in order to recruit our ftorcs, and Iprocure refrefliments for the fick, many of whom were Irnuch worfe than they were at our departure from Ba- Itavia. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, accompanied by Numb. 7. T the t4^ Captain Cook's first Voyage the captain ind other gentlemen, went on fliore. We met upon the beach feme Indians, by whom we were conducted to their king. Having exchanged a few compliments with this perfon, we entered upon bufmefs, but in fettling the price of turtle could not a. gree. Upon this we took leave, the Indians difperfed, and we proceeded aloag ftiore in fearch of a watering, place. We happily fucceeded in finding a very conve. nient one, and had reafon to believe, with care in filling, it would prove agreeable to our wiflies. On our return, fome Indians, who remained with a canoe upon the beach, fold us three turtles, but we | were obliged to promife, that we would not tell the king. On the 6th we renewed with better fuccefs our traffic for turtle. About noon the Indians lowered their demands flowly, infomuch, that before the even. ingtliey accepted our ftipulated price, aiad we had tur. tie in plenty. Mr. Banks, in the evening, paid a vifit to the king, by whom he was received very gracioufly at his palace in the middle of a rice field, notwithflanding his maje- fty was bufily employed in drefiTrng his own fupper. The day following the Indians reforted to the trading.! place with fowls, fifli, monkeys^ fmall deer, and foinel vegetables ; but no turtle appeared till the next daj-J after which fome were brought to market every d;iy| while we ftaid there, but the whole quantity togcthcrl was not equal to that we bought the day after our arj rival. On the nth, Mr. Banks having received intelliJ gence from a fervant he had hired at Batavia, that ihcl Indians of this ifland had r. town fituated near thtj fliore, to the weftward, he ietermined to go in fcarc of the fame. With this vie>v lie fet out in the monij ■m . Wc m we nged a d upon I not a. fperfed, atering- conve. care in Round thb World, 147 ino-, accompanied by tlie fecond lieutenant ; and appre- hendiBg his vilk might not be agreeable to the natives, he told fuch of them as he met, that he was in fearch of plants. Having come to a place were there were three or four houfes, they met wath an old man, of whom tlicy ventured to make a few enquiries concerning the town. He would have perfuaded them, that it was at a great diftance ; but perceiving that they proceeded forward, he joined jcompany, and went on with them. The old man atteinpted feveral times to lead them out f the way, tho* without fuccefs ; b^t when at length hey came within fight of the houfes, he entered cor- ially into their party, and conducted them into the own, the name of which is Samadang.. It confifts of bout 400 houfes, and is divided by a brackifli. river nto two parts, one called the old and the other the ew town. When they had entered the former, they ere accofled by feveral Indians whom they had icen t the trading-place, and one of them undertook to rry them over to the new town, at 2d. per head. he bargain being made, they embarked ia two fmall anoes, placed along fide each other, and laflied toge- er, to prevent their ovcr-fetting. They landcil (xt'c- , though not without fome difficulty; and wh hey me to the new town, the people fliewed them c v er y ark of cordia\ friendihip, Ihewing them the houfes of I ' 1 W^^^ '^"^S '^^'^ principal people. Few of the houfes |y togctKt»^j.g ^pgj^ ^^ ^j^j^ ^j^^,^ ^j^^ inhabitants having taken .er ou -Bp jj^^j^. j-^fij^i^^.^ \^^ ^i^^ rice-grounds, to defend their ops againft the birds and monkeys, who without this rcell'ary caution would dellroy tlv^m. d with a but we : tell the I ccefs our I lowered! the even. ; had tur.l the king, his palace his maje. n fupper. e trading. and fome next clay,' levery day led intelli'l that M near thq lo In fcarc the nlo^l^ ■inJ [when their curiofity was fatisfied, they hired a large> [ling-boat for two rupees, value 4s. which conveyed t:ni to the bark time enough to dine upon one of the Jail deer, weighing only 4olb. which, proved to be fading good and lavory food. In the evening wc a^aiii 148 Captain Coo K.*s FIRST Voayce again went on ftiore, to fee how our people went on, who were employed in wooding and watering, when ue were told, that an axe had been ftoleh. Application were- immediately made to the king, who, after fonie altercation, promifcd, that the axe Ihould be rcftoredj in the mornrng ; and in was accordingly brought us by a man, who pretended, that the tliief, afraid of a dif. CO very, had left it at his houfe in the night. On the 13th, having compleated our wood and wa> ter, Mr. Banks took leave of his maxfty, to whom lie] had made feveral trifling prefents, and at parting, gave him two quires of paper, which he gracioufly accepted, During their converfation, the king encjuiyed why the Englifh did not touch at the ifland as they had ufed tol do. Mr. Banks repHed, that the reafon was, as lie] fuppofed, becaufe they found a deficiency of turtle, ofl which there not being enough tb,fupply one Ihip, manjl could hot be expefted ; and to fupply.this defeft, Mr] Banks advifed his majcfly to breed cattle, buffaloes, anJ fheep J but' he did not feem difpofed to adopt this pru.[ dent meafurc. ' • , . - , . On the 14th, we had got on board a good flock oi frelh provilions, confifiiing of turtle, fowl, fifli, two! fpecies of deer, one about the fize -of a fheep, tliiT other not bigger than a rabbit ; alfo cocoa-nwij plantains, limes, and other vegetables. The dcerj however, fcrved only for } refent ufe, for we could fclj dom keep one of them alive more tjian twenty-foii hours. ■ • • ... On the 15th we weighed, with a light lueeze ati E. and flooid out to fea. We took our departure froj Java Head, which is in hit. 6 deg. 49 min. S. and long. 253 deg. 12 min. W, Round the World. 149 In the month of February we held on our courft, find made the bed of our way for the Cape of Good Hope; but now the fatal feeds of difeafe, our people had imbibed at Batavja,. began to appear, with the molt alarming fymptoras, in dyfenteries and flow fevers. Our fituation in a Ihort time was truly deplorable, and the fliip was little betf^r than an hofpital, in which thofe who did duty, were too few to attend thofe who were Gonfined to their hammocks. Many of thefe were in the lail flage of the deftructivc diforder ; and almoft every night we committed a body to the fea. Hr, Banks was aTiong the number of the fick, and for feme time we defpaired of his life. In the courfe of fix weeks we buried Mr. Sporing, a gentleman of Mr. Banks** retinue; Mr. Parker, his natural hiilory painter; Mr; Gieen the ailronomer, the boatfwain, the carpenter and his mate ; Mr. Monkhoufe the midfliipman ; our jolly fiiil -maker and his alliftant ; the cook, the corpo- ral of the marines, two of the carpenter's crew, a midfliipman and nine failors ; in all 23 perfons, belides 7 at Batavia. On the 15th of March, we brought the fliip to an ' anchor off the Cape of Good Hope. Capt. Cook re- paired immediately' to the governor, who chearfully J)romifed him every rcfrefliment the country afforded ; bn which a hotife was hired for the fick, and it was a- greed they fliould be lodged and boarded for 2s. each inan per day. At the time the Endeavour lay at the Cape of Good Hope, the Houghton, Indiaman, (iiiled for England. She had buried near 40 of her crew, and wlien flie left the Cape, had many of her hapds in a heiplcfs condi- tion, occafioned by the fcurvy. Other fliips likewife Experienced a proportionable lofs by ficknefs ; fo that ^ ^« • ■• our I50 Captain Cook*s first Voyage our fufFerings were comparatively light, confidering that we had been near three times as long. ' We cofitinued at the Cape till the 13th of April, in order to recover the fick, procure (tores, and to do Come neceffary work upon the ihip and rigging. When this was finilhed we got all the fick on board, feveral of whom were ftiii in a dangerous ftate; and on the 14th, having taken leave pf the governor, we unmoored and got ready to liul, The hiftory of Caffraria is well known in Europe, and a defcription of the Cape of Good Hope has been given by moft of our circum-navigators ^ yet we think an account of ihis country will be acceptable tp our numerous fubfcribers ; and they will meet with fomc particulars which fell under our obfervation, that have cither been wholly omitted or mifreprefented in other narratives. The Cape of Good Hope, which is the moft fou-r them part of Africa, was firft difcovered, A. D. 14931 by Bartholomev^ Diaz, admiral of a Portuguefe fleet, who on account of the boifterous weather he met with when near it, diftinguilhed it by the name ot Cabodos totos Tormentos, or the Cape of all Plagues i fince which, no place in the univerfe had been more fpoken of. The reafon why it has fo much attradled the at- tention of mariners of all nations, is, their being under the necellliy of frequently calling there for water and other refrelhments, and aUo of doubling it in their voyage to the Eaft hidies. But John king of Portugal not liking the name which his admiral had bcftowedl, upon it, changed it to that of Cabode Bona Efperanca, the ** Cape of Goud Hope," which appellation it has €ver fjnc^ retained. . " ■ ' Neither RpuND THE World. i5» Neither Diaz, nor liis fucceflbr Vafco de Gama, tlio* they faw the Cape, thought proper to land: but in 1498 the Portuguefc admiral, Rio del Infanta, was the firrt who ventured on fliore ; and from his report, Ema- nuel, king of Poi«tugal, determined to eftablifli a colo- ny; but the Portuguefe, having' taken it into their heads, that the inhabitants of the Cape were Canni- bals, were too much afraid of being devoured, to obey their fovereign in making the fcttlement he intend'^, cd: however, fbme time after, another body of thofc tiitiid adventurers made good their landing, under the conduft, of Francis d*Almeyda, a viceroy of Brafil, when the Portuguefe were ihamefully defeated by the fcarce armed, And unwarlike natives. The viceroy and 50 of his men being killed in the engagement, the re- mainder retired with jSreeipitation to their Ihips. The Portuguefe determined to be revtnged ; but not having magnanimity enough to fliew a becoming refentment, they contrived a moft inhuman and cowardly ex- pedient. ' About two years after, touching at the Cape, they landed with all the appearance of amity, accompanied with ftrong profeffions of friendfliip, and under this, malk brought with them a large cannon loaded with grape-fliot. The unfufpefting natives, overjoyed by the gift of fo great a treafure, began to drag it away by the means of two long ropes, which had been pre- vioufly fallened' to the muzzle. Great numbers laid hold of the ropes, and many^ others went before by way of triumph, when the treacherous Purtugue/e firing oif the cannon, a prodigious flaughter enfued, as moft of the people flood within the range of the fhot. Many were killed, feveral wounded ; and the few who efcaped, abandoned with th,e utmoft precipitation the fatal prefent. . About 152 Captain Cciok*s first Voyag^ About the year x 600, the Dutch began to touch at , the Cape, in tlieir way to and from the Eaft-Indies \ und becoming anilually more fenfible of the importance of the phice, tiiey eiFefted ii fettlemcnt in 1650, which jince that time had rifcn to great power and opulence j nnd been of effential fcrvice tb that nation; M. Van Ricbeeck, a furgeon, in hi^ return from India," obferv- ing the convenicncy df the place for a fettlement, and laying before the Dutch Eafl -India Company a plan of its advantages, tlie fcheme was approved, and the pro- jedor appointed governor. This adventurer failing with four fliips to the cape, entered into a negociation v/ith the people, who, in confideratioi^ of fitty thou- fiind guilders, or four thoufand three hundred and fc- Ycnty-live pounds ftcrling, agreed to yield up to the Dutch a confiderable tra^t ©f country round the cape. Van Ricbeeck, in ord^'r to fecure his new purchafe, im- mediately ertiSfed a ftrong fquare fortj laid out a large •garden, and planted it with a great variety of the jiro- duftions from Kurope< that he might render the place as commodious and'agreeable as poilible. ■ Having thus fuccefsfuUy founded a fetderaent, the Dutch Company propofed, in order the more efte(fl:n- ally to edablilh it, that every man, who would fettle three years at the Cape, iliould have an inheritance of fixty acres of land, provided that during that fpacc he would fo improve his eftate, as to render itfufficient to maintain himfclf, and contribute fDmewhat towards the .jnamtainance or the ganifon ; and at the expiration of the time, he might either keep iKjffelTion of , it, or fell it, and return home. Induced by thefe propofals, ma- ny went to feek their fortunes at the cape, and were furnifhed on credit with cattle, gram, plants, untenfils, &c. The planters, however, at length grew weary of their habitations for want of conjugal fociety: there- fore the governor of the Company, to prevent their leaving itoUND THE World. i$i leaving the jilacc, provii^d them with wives from the orphan-houfesi and othe* charitable foundations. Irt procefs of time they greatly incrcafed, and fpread themfelvcs farther lip the country, and along the coaft^ till they occiipicd all the ?ands from Sandanna Bay^ round the fouthem point o: Africa, to Noffel Bay, on the E. and afterwards purchafcd Terra de Natal, in or- der to extend their limits ftill farther; On the firfl: fettlement of the Dutch at the Cape, all the Hottentot tribes did not acquiefcc in the fale of the cbiiiltry to foreigners ; for the Gunyemaifls diflented from the agreement of the others, andj in 1659, dif* puted the poiTeffion of the purchafcd territories vvith the Dutch. They always made their attack inboiftcr- ous .weather, as thinking the fire-arms then of lefs ufe and efficacy ; and tipon thefe occafions they would muri dcr indifcriminatcly all the Europeans they could meer,^ burn down their houfes, and drive away their cattlci But the Hottentots themfclves at length growing tired of the war, 100 of them, belonging to one nation, came unarmed to the Dutch fortj with a prefent of 13 head of fine cattle, in order to fu6 for peace. This^ it may be imagined^ was readily graiited Ijy the Dutch, who were heartily fick of a conteft, in vhich themfelves were fuch great lofcrs, without reaping any advantages from iti *rhe land over the cape, which conilitiites thii penin- fuli formed by Table Bay on the N. and Falfe Bay on the S. confifts of high mountains, altogether naked and defolate : the land behind thefe to the E. which may be confidered as the ifthfnus, is a plain of vaft extent, confifting almoft wholly of a light kind of fea fand, which produces nothing but heath, and is utterly inca- pable of cultivation. V Cape 154 Captain Cook's FIRST Voyage Cape town is the only one the Dutch have built here, and it confifts of about looo houCs, neatly bui't of brick, whiied in general on the ourfide. They are cover'!:d only with thatch, for the violence of the S. E winds would render any other roof inconvenient and dangerous. The ftrcets are broad and commodi- ous, crolTing each other at right angles. The Iioufes in general have pleafant gardens behind, and neat court yards before theni. The town extends from the fea (bore to the Com- pany's garden, fpreading along Table Bay. The fort IS in i\ valley^a't a fmaVl diftance, its form pentagonal, it commands the landing-place, and is garrifoned by 200 foldiers. The governor's ftorehoufes are within ir, other ol-cers befideshimfelf have apartments here, as well as ^00 fervants. The hofpital for lick feamen is of ellential viCc to the Dutch ileets in going to and re- turning from India. What is mod to be admired at the Cape, is ths Com- panys gardens, where they have introduced almoft all the fruits and flowers that are found in the other three quarters of the g'obe; moft of which are improved, and flourilh more than they did in their refpedlive cli- mates ; and the garden is watered with fprings that fall down from Table mountain juft above them. Ap- ple- and pears are planted here, with grapes of Afia, as well as thofe of Europe Here are alfo lemons, oranges, citrons, figs, Japan apples, and a great variety of other fruits. Notwithftanding the natural fterility of the climate, induftry has fupplied this place with all the nece^raries, and even luxuries of life in the greateft profufion. The beef and mutton are excellent, though the oxen and (hecp are Datives of the country. Good butter is . . made Round the World. ^5S buWt leatly They )f the enient modi- liovifes [ neat ; Com- hc fort agonal, »ned by ithin ir, lere, as ;amen is and re- tis Cora- imoft all ler three rproved, 5live cli- ngs that . Ap. Afia> as I oranges, of othci' climate, tcCiraries, )rofufion. Ithc oxen butter is made made from the milk of cows, but the cheefe is inferior to ours. Here are hog?, and a great variety of poul- try; alfo goats, but thefe lad are never eaten. Hares are to be found exadly like thofe in Europe ; like ife many kinds of antelopes; quails of two forts, and buf- fards, all well flavoutd* The fields jiroduce European wheat and barley ; th6 gardens European vegetables ; fruit of all kinds, be- fides plantains, guavas, jambu» and other Indian fruits. The vineyards alfo produce wines of various foris, but not equal to thofe of Europe, except tlie Conftantia* which is made genuine only at one vineyard, about ten miles diftant from the town. There is another vine- - yard near it. where wine is made, and called by thd fame name, but it is gready inferior. There are great numbers of domeftic animals in the various colonies and fettlemenis at the Cape, and the woods and mountains abound with wild beafts. The horfes, which were brought originally from Perfia, are of a bay or chcfnut colour, but rather fmall. Among the wild beafts the elephant claims the firft place. The rhinoceros is of a dark a(h colour, and has a fnoutlike a hog. At the Cape,, wolves are of two kinds; the one refembles a fhsep-dog, and is fpotted like a tyger ; the other is Hke a European wolf. Lions* tygers, leopards, &:c. alfo abound here^ and iare fo troublefome, that the perfon who kills one of ei- thc; fuit^ is rewarded with 25 florins, or iifty fhillings. The flcli of the lion is efteemed equal to venifon, and Itlie fat much valued. Here are much larger buffaloes, [than in Europe, We faw here elks 5 feet high, with horns a foot I long. Another fmgular animal^ is that called ilinkbox^ trom «5»t» THE WoRLib."' 167 cufloms of their anccftors ; and that, if they fhould deviate from them in the lead of thefe matters, it might make way for a total change of their religion and man- ners, which they cannot think of without abhorrence. Oiie of the Dutch governors at the cape bred up an Hottentot from his mfuncy, obliging him to follow the fafhions and cuftoms of the Europeans, to be taught feveral languages, and to be fully inflrufted in the prin- ciples of the Chriflian religion, cloathing him hand- fomely, and treating him, in all refpeft's, as a perfon for whom he had i. high efteem j and let him know, that he deiigncd him for fome beneficial and honourable employment. The governor afterwards fent him a voyage to Batavia, where he was employed, udder the commilTary his friend, for feme time, till that gen- tleman died ; and then he returned to the cape of Good Hope : but, having paid a vifit to the Hottentots of his telatioiis and acquaintance, he threw off all his fine cloaths, bundled them up, and laid them at the gover- nor*s feet, and defired he would give him leave to re- nounce his Chriftianity, and hve and die in the religion and cuftoms of his anceftorsj only begged the governor would give him leave to keep the hanger and collar he wore for his fake ; which wile the governor was deli- berating with himfelf upon, fcarce beheving the fellow to be in earneft, the young Hottentot took the oppor- tunity of running away, and never came to the cape afterwards, thinking himfelf extremely happy that he had exchanged his European cloths for a Iheep fliin, and the reft of the Hottentots drefs and ornaments : the Englifh Eaft India company, we are informed, made the like experiment, bringing over two of that nation hither, whom they cloathed decently after the Euro- pean manner, and ufed them, in all refpefts, with the grcateft goodnefs and gentlenefs, hoping, by that I means, to be better informed of the condition of their country. :i i6% Capt AiN Cook's FIRST Voaygb .: J country, and whether it might be wofth the while to make a fcttlcmcnt there: but the two Hottentots only learnt Englilh enough to bewail their misfortune in be- ing brought from their country and their friends ; and, after two years trial of them, being again fet on Ihore at the cape, they immediately (tripped off their Euro- pean cl oaths, and, having taken up the (heep fkin man- tle again, rejoiced beyond meafure for their happy ef- cape from the Englifli. The poor Mdtt^ntotes (ometlmes employ themfelves in making arms, viz. bcws and arrows, lances and darts, bartering them with the rich for cattle, to begin the world with : others get elephants teeth, and what they do not ufe in making rings and ornaments for them- felves, are genera' ly difpbfed of, it is thought, to the Poftugufe and other Europeans who touch at Terra de Natal, and other parts of the eaftern or weftern coaft< The Hottentots fell very few teeth to the Dutch; though it is manifeft they kill abundance of elephants: they fupply the Hollanders however with cattle, and take wine, brandy or tobacco, in return ; and an ox may be purchafed of them for a pound of tobacco, and a large (heep for half a pound. As to coin, the reader v/ill concUide they have none; nor do they ever fee any, unlcfs fome fmall pieces of I moLeythey Dutch fometimes gave them for their wages] at the Cape-, and it muft not be forgot, that the Hotten- j tots find abundance of oftrich's eg^sin the fand, vh'cli they barter with the fea-faring men, that touch at thc| cape, for brandy and tobacco ; every failor almoft b:- ing proud of bringing home one of thefe egg (hells toi his friends, after he has fried and eaten the yolk, whichl makes a large pancake, and is pretty good food, butra-i ther of the ftrongeft. Their Round the WoRLDi 169 iheir butchers are faid tb be great atrtifts in their ^vay, and to handle a knife as de^terbufly as an anato- mift: having tied tlie hind and fore legs of a fhecp, they tlirow the creature on his back, and with cords-^ two of thenn extend it to its full iftretch. while a third rips it up ♦ fo that all the entrails appear: then, with one hand, be tears the guts from the carcaO, and, with the other, ftirs the Wood, avoiding as much as he can the breaking any of the blood-veliels about the heart ; fo that the (beep is a long time a dying : in the meaa time he gives the guts to another^ who juft rids them of the lilth, and rincesthemin water, and part of them are boiled and eaten amongft them, before the fheep is well dead : having fcobped the blood out of the body of the animal with their hands or fea fhells, they cut the reft of the guts in fniall pieces, and drew them in the blood, which is'the Hottentots favourite difli. An ox alfo is killed in the fame barbarous manner j being thrown upo-i his back, and his legs extended with cords, be is ripped up, and his guts taken oiit firft ; in which cruel operation the beaft is half an hour a dying : they leparate the parts with great exadlnefs, dividing the flefh, the bones, the membranes^ mufcles, veins, and arteries, and laying them in feveral parcels every thing entire. The bone^; alfo are taken out of the flefli, and laid together in fuch order^ that they might be cafily formed into an exaca Ikeleton : thefe they boil by them- I'elves, and get the marrow out of them, with which ihey anoint their bodies. Of the fheep (kin, as has been obferved already, they make a mantle, if it be jarge i but^ if it is fmall, they cut it into thongs, to adorn their women's legs : and .the hide of an ox ferves either to cover their tents, or to rriake girts or ftraps of, with which they bind their baggage on their carriage oxen when they decamp j and, if they have no other life for their ox-hides> they lay them by, and eat them when they want oih^r food. Numb. 8.' Y They V I i;o Captain Cook's first Voyaob They liavc another artificer, who is both fclmonger and taylor : that is, he drefles (kins after their way, and then makes them into mantles: he takes a fhcep lldn jnft flayed off, and, rubbing it well with fat, the Jkin becomes tough and fmooth j and, if it be for one of his countrymen, he rubs it over alfo with frelh cow- dung, and lays it in the fun till it is dry : then he rubs it with fat and cow dung again ; which he repeats fe- veral times, till it becomes perfedly black, and (links fo that no European can bear it -, and then, with a lit- tle fhaping and fcwing, it is a compleat mantle for a Hottentot : but, if it be drelTcd for a Dutchman, he only rubs the Ikin well with fat^ which fecures the wool from coming off. If he be to drefs an ox's hide, he rubs the hairy fide with wood aihes \ then fprinklingit with v/ater, rolls it up, and lays it a day or two in the fun i which expedient effe£lually brings off the hair; this (kin is then well greafed, ftretched out, and dried again, when it is deemed gpod leather. Their fmiths do not only fafhion their iron, but melt if from the ore : they find plenty of iron ftones in feve- ral p"arts of their country i and having got a heap ot thefe, they put them Vnta a hole in the ground, heated and prepared for their purfofe ; then they make a firei over the ftones^ which they fupply with fuel, and keep it up till the iron melts v and then it runs rnto another bole, whiwh they make for a reeeiver, a little lower than the firft : as foon as die iron in the receiver is cold chey break it to pieces with ftones; and, heating the pieces I again in other fires, beat them wkh ftones, till they' fhape them into the heads of lances, darts, arrows, and bows, and fueh weapons as they ufe ; for they fcarce ever form any other utenfils, but arms of this metal: they get the hardeft flat ftonc, according to monfieur Vogel, and, laying the iron upon it, as upon an anvilj beat it with another round ftone, which fervcs them for RoundthkW^„ "* VV R T, u^ ^^^ do wi,h all his tclj .1 ey have Ze c„"'"^'^" <="»''' ivhich they melt in like tianner T,t „^^" "" '°". toys and ornaments for ,he1? drVfi, nf ''"^ ""^^^^ ""'v indeed, do they ever work in il5 1^ '''," """I : „or, did not fometimes compel thern to U ! ,^"' neccflities do, no people work harder^ '"= ""^'i "•'«" they oMhey never leave a piece'of'^'^^j^^ '"f^fttigably^ ninilhed it. ^ "^ >v°'^k. till they have The ivory-turner makes the ivorv r: , ornamentally about the a m^ 1^,^^' '^^^^^ f'scnly tool .s a common clafb kn V^ ^°?^^«ing ihac The potter or mak^r ^c ."'fbutthi., it f^t Vei aTiirH "'^'^^ «»"<"her f mily making the pots anrt ^ ^ ' «'«Wous at. everv |evufeonythc*S"ofC!h ?/7°'-. ^^'^^^ ' K'^'^K/avel, after wWch hi' ='*""■".« «hem o£ *'tli the bruifed ants e<,75 they are eafily taught to underftand other languages, they can feldomi be brought to fpeak them with any de- gree of intelligibility. - ■ ' • ' We fliall liere fubjoin a fmall Hottentot vocabulary, for the fatisfa6lion .of the curious; khauna, fignifies 4 lamb; kgou, a goofe; bunqvaa, trees; knomrn, to hear ;' cjuaqua, a pheafant ; tkaka, a whale; horri, beafts in general ; knabou, a fowUng piece; qua-ara- ho, a wild ox ; ouncqua, the arms ; quienkha, to fall; likhanee, adogj konkequa, a captain ; quas, the neck: quan, the heart ; kgoyes, a buck or doe; tikquoa, a god; komma, a houfc; khoaa, a cai ; kowkuri, iron; konkcrey, a hen ; thuukou, a dark night ; tkoume, rice ; ghoudie, a llieep ; toya, the wind ; ttkaa, a val- ley; tkaonoklau, gmipoYrder ; kamkamma, the earth; quaouw, thunder ; duckatere, a duck; kamma, water; quayha, an afs ; naew, the ears ; kirri, a flick ; iiombha, the beard ; ka-a, to drink; duriefa, an ox ; hek-kaa, an ox of burnen ; ounvie, butter ; houteo, a lea-dog ; bikgua, the head ; kamma, a flag \ kouquil, a pigeon i anthuri, to-morrow ; kou, a tooth; kha- mouna, the devil; hakqua, a horfe i koo, a fon ; kammo, a flream j tika, grafs ; toqua, a wolf; koan- qua, the mouth ; khou, a peacock; gona, a boy; gois, a girl ; khoakamma, a baboon ; kerhanehou, a ftar ; mu, an eye ; tqualTouw, a tyger. The Hottentots have only ten numerical terms, which they repeat twice to exprefs the multiplication of the firfl term, and three times to exprefs the re-mul- tiplication of the latter. Their terms are : q*kui, one; k'kam, two, kouna, three, kakka, four, koo, five ; nanni, fix, kounko, feven, khilfi, cighr, khalli, nine; ghifTi, ten, ■I Thus have we given a circumflantial and full ac- " '. count 174 Captain Cook's first Vovags count of the cape, its inhabitants, prodydions, and adja- cent country; from whence the French, at MauritjiTj are fupplied by the Dutch with falted l^eef, bifcuii, sflour, and wine : the provifions for which the Fmich contrafted this year yz-ere five hundred thoufand lb. weight of fait beef, four hundred thoufand lb. of flour j four hundred thoufand lb. of bifcuit, and one thoufand two hundred Icagers of wine- We have only to add to this account a few obfefvations on the bay, and gar- rifon. The former is large, fafe, and exceeding con- venient. It is indeed open to the N. W. winds, but they feldom blow hard ; yet as they fometimes occa- fion a great fea, the llijps moor N. E. and S. W, The S. E. winds blowfreq-iently with great fury, but there direction being right out of the bay prevents them from being dangerous. For the convenience of landing and (hipping goods, a wharf of wood is run out near the town, to a proper diftance. Water is conveyed in pipes to this wharf, and many large boats and hoys are kept by the Company to carry llores and provifions to and from the (hipping in the harbour. This bay is co- vered by a fmall fort on the E. fide of the town, and clofe to the beach ; and h alfo defended by feveral out- works and batteries extending along the iliore, as well on this fide the town as the other ; never thelefs they are by their fituation expofed to the fliipping, .and in a manner defencelefs againfl: an enemy of any force by land. As to the garrifon, this confifts of eight hun- dred regular troops, befides militia of the country, in which laft it comprehended every nian able to bear arms. By fignals they can alarm tne country in a very fliort time, and when they are made, the militia is to repair immediately to their place of rendezvous in the town. On the 14th of April in the morning, we weighed, flood out of the bay, and aachored ai five in the even- ing Round the World, ns ing under Penguin, or Robin Ifland. Here We lay all nighr, and being prevented from failing by the wind, the captain difpatchcd a boat to the ifland for a few trifling articles, which we had omitted to take in at the cape ; when our people drew near the fliore, they were warned by the Dutch not to land at their peril. At the fame time fix men, armed with mufquets, pa- raded upon the beach. The commanding officer in the boat did not think it prudent to rilk the lives of the men, on account of a few cabbages, and therefore re- turned without them to the fliip. To this ifland the Dutch at the cape banifli fuch cri- minals as are not thought worthy of death, for a cer- tain number of years, according to the nature of their crimes. They are employed as flaves in digging lime- ftones, which though Icarce upon the continent is here ill great abundance. A Danifli fhip touched at this ifland, having been refufed alEftance at the cape, and fending her boat on fliore, overpowered the guard, and then took as many of the criminals as were neceflary to navigate her home ; for flie had loft great part of her crew by ficknefs. To this incident we attributed our repulfe, concluding, that the Dutch, to prevent a limilar refcue of their prifoners, had ordered their gar- rifon at this place, not to fuffer any boat of foreign na- tions to land the crew, and come afliore. On the 25th we put to fea, and about four o'clock in the afternoon died our mafter, Mr. Robert Moli- neux, a youth of good parts, but unhappily for his own k\( prefervation too much addifted to intemperance, a hiibit we would caution all thofe who undertake long voyages to avoid, if they have any regard to per- fonal fafcty. We now continued our voyage without any other remarkable incident, and on the 29th, we crofied our firfl: meridian, having circumnavigated the globe I'' >; iy6 Captain Cook's first Votage ^lobe from E. to W. afid confequently Idft a day, for which upon corrcfting our reckoning at Batavia, we made an allowance. On the ill of May we came to an. chor at break oi day, before James's fort, in the illand of St. Helena, and as we propofed *to refrefli here, Mr. Banks employed his time in vifiting the moll remarka- ble places, and in furveying every objedb worthy of no- tice. St. Helena is fituated in the Atlantic ocean, in fix degrees W. long, and i6 S. lat. almofl in the midway between Africa and America, being 1 200 miles diflant from the former^ and 1800 from the latter. It wa<; fo named by the Portuguefe, who difcoveied it on St. He- len's-day. This ifland is 36 miles long, 18 broadband about 6 1 in circumference. It is the fummit of an im- menfe mountain rifitig out of the fea, and of a depth unfathomable at a fmall diftanee round it. It may be difcerncd at fc^a, at above 20 leagues diftanee, and looks like a caftle in the middle of the ocean, whofe natural walls are of that height, that there is no fcaling them. The fmall valley called Chapel-valley, in a bay on the eaft-fide of it, is defended by a battery of 40 oi 50 great guns, planted even with the water, and the -waves dafliir.g perpetually on the IhorCjinakeit difFicuJt •landing even here. . There is alfo another little creek, wliere two or three may land at a time, but this is defended by a battery cf 5 or 6 guno, and rendered inacceiTiblc. No chorage is to found any where about the illand, but at Chapel-valley bay, and as the wind always fets from rlie S. E. if a Ihip overllioots the ifland ever fo little, flie cannot recover it again. The feitt of volcanoes has been fouud to be the highell part of the countries in which they are found. Heela is the highell hill in Iceland;, and the Peak of TeneriiTc is known to be the ' . covering Round the World* 177 covering of the fubtefrancous fife. Thcfe are ftill burning : but there are other mountains which bear evident marlcs of fire that is now exrinft : among thefe is St. Helena, where the mequaHties of the ground, and its external furface, are evidently the elFefts of the finking of the earth, and that this Was caufed by fab- terraneous fire, is e4ually manifeft from the flones, or fome of them, efpecially thofe from the bottom of the valleys, are burnt almoft to cinders. This ifiand, as the Endeavour approached It on the windward fide, appeared like a rude heap of rocks, bounded by precipices of an amazing height, and con- fiding of a kind of ftone, which fhews not the leafi: fign of vegetation. Sailing along fliore, we came near die. huge cliffs, that feemed to overhang the fliip. At length we opened Chapel-valley, which refeiribles a trench^ and in this valley we difcoVered the town* The fides of it are naked as the cliffs next thefea, but the body is fli^htly cloathed with herbage. In its pre- fent cultivated ftate, fuch appeared the ifland to us, and the firfl hills mufl be pafled, before the^country difplays Its verdure, or any other marks of fertility. In Chapel-valley, a little beyond the landing-place, is a fort where the governor refides with the garrifon; and the town ftands jiifl by the fea fide. The greater part of the houfes are ill built. The church, which was originally a mean flrufture, is in ruins, and the market-place nearly in the fame condition. Th^ town confifts of about forty or fifty buildings, conflru^ed after the Englilh fafliion, whithi^r the people of the ifland refort when any Ihipping appears, as well to af- fift in the defence of the ifland, as to entertain the feamen if cioy are friends : for the governor has al- ways fentincls, on the higheft part of the illand, to the windward, who give notice of the approach of all Z Chipping, 178 Captain Cook's FIRST VoAYc B {hipping, and guns are thereupon fired, that every maa may refort to his poft. It is impoflible for an enemy to approach by fea in the night-time, and if difcovered the day before, preparations are fpeedily made for his reception. Notwithftanding the ifland appears a barren rock, on every fide, yet on the top it is covered with a fine layer of earth, producing grain, fruits, and herbs of various kinds ; and the country after we afcended the rocks, is diverfified with rifing hills and plains, plantations of fruit trees and kitchen gardens, among which thehoufcs of the natives are interfperfed, and in the open fields are herds of cattle grazing, fome of which are fatted to fupply the (hipping, and the reft furnifh the dairies with milk, butter, and cheefe. . Hogs, goat?, turkeys, and all manner of poultry alfo abound, and the feas arc well ftored with fi(h. But amidft all this afiiuence, the people have neither bread nor wine of their own gi owth, fc tho' the foil Is proper for wheat, y^t the rats that laarbour in the rocks, and cannot be deflroyed, eat up all the feed, l>efore the grain is well out of the ground ; and though their vines flourifli and produce them grapes enough, yet the latitude is too hot for making wine. This they have therefore from the Canarires, the Madeiras, or the Cape, as well as their flour and malt. Their very houfes are fome of them brought from Europe ready framed, there being no timber on the ifland, trees not taking deep root here, on account of the rock that lies fo near the furface: however, they have underwood enough for neceffary ufes. Befides grapes, they have plantc^Ins, bananas, figs, lemons-, and fuch other fruits as hot countries ufualJ]^ produce. In the year 1701, there were upon the ifland about 200 families, mofl of them Englifli, or defcended from ^ Enfjiilli Round the World. ^79 Englifti parents. Every family has a houfe and planta- tion on the higher part of the ifland, where they look after their cattle, fruits, and kitchen garden. They fcarce ever come down to the town, unlefs it be to church, or when the (hipping arrives, when moft of the houfes in the valley are converted into punch- houfes or lodgings for their gucfts, to \\'hom they fell their poultry, and other commodities : but thev are not fuifered to puichafe any merchandife of the mips that < touch here. Whatever they want of foreign growth or manufac- ture, they are obliged to buy in the company's ware- houfc, where tv/ice every month they may furnilh ihemfelves with brandy, European or Cape wines, Ba-. tavia arracks, malt, beer, fagar, tea, coffee, china, and japan-ware, Hnen, calicoes, chintz, muflins, ribbands, woollen cloth and ftuffs, and all manner of cloathing, for which they are allowed fix months credit. Among the very few native produftions of this ifland muft be reckoned ebony, tho' the trees are now nearly extinft. Pieces of this wood are frequently found in the valleys of a fine black ..olour, and hardnefs almoft equal to iron : thefe pieces, however, are fo, Ihort and crook- ed, that no ufe can be made of them, . There are /ew infe£ts here, but upon the tops of th& higheft ridges a fpecies of fnail is found, which has probably been there fmce the original creation of their kind. It is indeed very difficult to conceive how any thing not formed here, or brought hither by the diligence of man, could find its way to. a place fo fevered from the reft of the world, by fcas o£ immenfe extent. The Portuguefe, who difcovered this ifland in 1502, ftored it v/ith hogs, goats, and poultry, and ufed to touch 1^89 Captain Cook's first Voyage touch at it for water jnd frefli provifions in their return from India, but we do not find they ever planted a co- lony here, or if they did, having dcferted it after. wards, the Englifli Jl^ft-lndia Company took pollcflioa of the ifland A. D. 1600, and held it till 1673, without interruption, when the Dutch look it by furprize. However, the Englifh, commanded by C^pt. Munden, recovered it again, within the fpace or a year, and took three Dutch Eafl: India fliips that lay in the road at xho, fame time. The Hollanders had fortified tlie land, ing place, and placed batteries of great guns to prt- vent a defcent : but the Englifli being acquahited with a fmall creek where only two men could go a-breaft, climbed up to the top of the rocks in the night time, and appearing next morning at the backs of the Dutch, they threw down theii arms, and furrendered the iflancj without ftriking a (trokc: but as we have before ob- ferved, this creek has been fmce fortified; fo that there is now no place where an enemy can make a defceiu with any probability of fviccefs. The aflfalrs of the Eafl-India Company are managed here by a governor, deputy-governor, and ftorehoufe- keeper, who have certain fettled failaries allowed, be- iides a public table, well furniflied, to which all com. manders, mailers of Ihips, and eminent paffcngers are welcome, The maflcrs of the plantations keep a great many blacks, who, upon fevere treatment, hide themfelves for two or three moijths together, keeping among the rpcks by day, and roving at night for provifions ; but they are generally discovered and taken. The children and defcendants of white people have not the Icaft red ii) their cheeks, in all other places near the tropics ; but thg natives of St. Kclensi arc remark- Round the WoRtD. i8i able for their ruddy complexions and robuft conftitmi^ Oils. Their healthfulnefs may, in general, be afcribed to the following c^ufes. They live on the top of a mountain always open to the fei.breczes that conftantly blow here : they are ufually employed in the moft healthful cxercifes of gardening and hufbandry : the ifland is frequently refreflied with moderate cooling iliowers, and no noxiou$ fens nor fait marihes annoy ihera. . As to the genius and temper of thefe people, they feeraed to us the moft honeft, the moft inoffenfive, and the mofl: hofpitable people we ever met with of Englilh extraftion, , haying fcarce any tinfture of avarice and ambition. Wc aiked fome of them, if they had no curiofity to fee the reft of the world, and how tlicy could confine themfelves to fo fmall a fpot of earth, fe# parated at fuch a diftance from the reft of mankind ? They replied, that they enjoyed the neceflaries of life in great plenty : they were neither parched with excellive heat, or pinched, with cold: they lived in perfect fe- curity, in no d?nger of enemies, of robbers, wild beafts, or rigorous feafons ; and were happy in the enjoyment of a continued ftate of health: that as there were no rich men among them (fcarce any planter being worth more than looo dollars) fo there was no poor in the jiland, no man being worth lefs than 400 dollars, and confequently not obliged to undergo more labour thaa I was neceffary to keep them in health. Our thoughts were now employed on returning to lour native fliore; and having fufticiently recruited our (lores, on Saturday the 4th of May, we weighed, and failed out of the road in company with the Portland man of war, and his convoy, confifting of twelve fail of lEaft-Indiamen. With this fleet we continued oir [courfe foj England until Friday the loth, when per» cciving i82 Captain Cook's first Voyage ceivlng they outfailed us, and confequcntly might make their port before us, Capt^ Cook for this reafon, made the fignal to fpeak to the Portland, upon which Capti Elliot came on board the Endeavour ; to whom a letter for the Admiralty was delivered, with a box, contain, ing the common log books of the (hip, and the journals of fome of the officers. We did not lofe fight of the fleet till the 23d, when they parted from us ; and about one o'clock rn the afternoon, we loft our ftrft lieutenant, Mr. Hicks, an aftive, ikilful, judicious, and ufefuj officer. He died of a confumption, of which lingering diforder he difcovered fome fym])toms when he left England ; fo that it may be truly faid, that he was dying the whole voyage. The whole lhip*s company attended the funeral rites, and in the evening \k committed his body to the fea with the ufual cere, monies. The next day the Captain appointed Mr. Charles Clerk, a yojing man, to aft in the room of Mr, Hicks. We now every day drew nearer our defired hi;ven ; but what muft be the condition of bur once good (lilp, the Endeavour, may cafily be imagined, from a flight recolleftion of the hardfhips flie had furmounted, and the dangers ihe had providentially cfcaped. At t! time our rigging and fails were fo weather-beaten, thai every day fomethiug was giving way. However, we held on our courfe without any material occurrence that might endanger our fafety, till Monday the loth of June, when, to our great joy, Nicholas Young, the laoy who difcovered New Zealand, called out land from the mafl-head, which proved to be theLizar-d, The next, day, being Tuefday the i ith, we proceedi ed up the channel. On Wednefday the 12th, with I the pleafing hopes of feeing our relatives and friends, ex'.iting fenilitions not to be defcribed by the pen gf the Round the World. 1S3 the moft able writer, we paffed Bcachy Head. At noon, to our incxpreffible joy we were a-brcaft of Dover ; and about three o'clock, P. M. we came to an anchor in the Downs. When we landed at Deal, our (hip's company indulged freely that mirth, and Icciable jollity, common to all Bnglilh failors upon their return from a long voyage, who as readily forget hardfliips and dangers^ as with alacrity and bravery they en- counter them. We cannot clofe this book, without duly confidering the wonderful protedlion of the Endeavour in cafes of danger the mod imminent, particularly when encircled in the wide ocean, with rocks of coral, her fheathing beaten off, and her falfe keel floating by her fide, a hole in her bottom, and the men by turns fainting at the pumps, cannot but acknowledge the exiflence of Par- ticular Providence. This our countrymen experienced, and we have good authority to affert, that our company in the Endeavour do acknowledge, that the ha«d oi fu- perior power was particularly concerned in their pro- teftion and deliverance. This omnifcient and omnipo- tent power is the incumbent duty of every chriftian to believe, confide in, and adore. I End of the Firfl VOYAGE. CAPTAIN IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I |5o ^^" H^H ■^ ^ |2.2 ^ US |2.0 IL25 i 1.4 li& 1.6 ^^ tl %►.>.:> Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEUT MA9N STREET WiBSTtS^, r^.Y •^'•tc (716) 872-4»C^ -^N iV ^ SS ^^^% %%^ ^4^ <> IW mmm^mmmmmmmmmm I A l» T A tN G O O K^s SEC ON B V O Y A G E, ; Taw A Rus 'tut SOUTH P0LE jttj^ RtMjj^fi the WORLD- kc. Begun the 9th of April, tyyi, and concl^cd on the 31ft of Jdy, i;^75. .*« IN T K & J^ U e T I O N Kiflg's C5ipe^atidifi5 tyef e liot whjolty aflfwefed by forittef.diiboveiiesy Which Wcue f© highly bla- zoned both at homie and abrojed, and thei^dbi^e his ma. j^y prbjetaed- this; fcddnd voyage of; C^pt* Cooky and th'd imy^broard' w^s df-^i^red! t<5i equip tAVo liieh' fliips as wci*b rrtoft fiiitablc <^ere got in reiadliiefs with the utmofl: expedition, and both the ftavy and vi£iiualling boards paid an uncommon attention to their equipment. Indeed Capt. Cook failed with greater advantages in this ex- pedition, than any of his predeceffors who had gone out before on difcoveries. He had the frame of a vef- fel of 2 1 tons, one for each (hip, to ferve occafionally^ or upon any emergency, to ferve as tenders : he had on board fiftiing nets, lines and hooks of fevery kind ; he was fupplied with innumerable articles of fmall value, adapted to the commercd of the trophkal iflands. The two fliips were victualled and provided with all manner ofnecellaries for a three years voyage. .. , , • A propofed voyage attended with fuch extraordinary preparations, patronized by parliament, as well as rOy- al bounty, and the execution of which being fuperin- tended by the. firft officers of the admiralty, the navy^ and by Capt. Cook himfelf, we do not heutate to pro- nounce one of the mofl important that ever was per-* 1 formed in any age, or by any country ; and we may aifo with truth aflert, that the able riavigatOr inadd choice of by his majefty, w'as eqUal to the taflc in which he was enibarked. Every thinking perfon cannot btifc admire his Ikili, his fortitude, his care of his men, hid jvigildnce in attending to the miiiutcii intiniations of for^j [mef liavigatorSi his perfeverance amidd the daitgers land hardljiips of rigorous feafons, his prowefs in lead- ling his company Jurt fo far as they were capable of proceeding ; in {hort, his conduft throughout, which, diilc he kept every man fingly in ftrift obedience to his duty, he conciliated the afie^ions of all> and fecured Jheir eftcem, A a The M Captain Cook's second Voyage The hiftory of his fccond .voyage, which we are now about to fubmit to the judgment of our numerous fubfcribers, will, we are perfuaded, confirm the truth of this opinion. mmn BOOK II. CHAP. I. The Refoluticn and Adventure take their departure from Dcptford— Touch at the iflai^ of St. Jago— JPurfuc iheir voyage to the C^||gpf Good Hope- Departure . from the Cape — Cti^filiue their voyage jn fearch of a Southern Continent — Sequel of this fearch — Separation of the (hips, and the arrival of | the Refolution in Dufky Bay.. THE Refolution^^d Adventure dropped down tBc, river as far as. Woolwich, oa the 9th of April, 9.t which place (he was detained by contrary winds j but , on the 22d £iiled fronk thence to Long Reach, where ihc was joined by her companion the Adventure, and both (hips look ia their marines,, guns, and ammunltiou. May tbe lotli we failed for Plymouth, but before we '^ot out of the river the Rcfolution was found fa be very crank, on which account we put into Sftieernefs. Whilel Tome alterations were making in her upper works, Lord j Sandwich and Sir Hugh Pallifer paid us a vifit, in ordetl to fee they were executed in a proper mannpr. The| ilc-folution being again ready for fea, we departe from Sheernefs. On the 2d of July \re met Lor Sindwici RoUKD THE WORI^P. 1S7 Sandwich, in the Augufta Yacht, whom wc diluted with feventeen guns, and his Lordlhip, accompanied with Sir Hugh Paliifer, honoured us with their prefence on board, which was the laft inftance of that , very great attention they had paid to a variety of particulars that might tend to promote the fucceft pf our under- taking. About this time Capt. Cook received from the board of Admiralty his inftruftions, dated the 25t.h of June, the tenor and fubftauce of which were^, that the Adven, ture was to be under his command :,that. the tvtp ihipa were to proceed to the ifland of Madeira,^ from thence to the Cape of Good Hope : that having at this, place refrelhed the fhips. companies, and fupplied. them with provilions and other neceflaries, they wer^ to, make the beft of their way to the fouthward, in iearch of Cape Circumcifion, which, by M. Bpuvetv. is, (aid; to be in lat. 54 deg. S. and i n abQUt' 1,1 deg. 2p!y to rijn into ^s high a latitude, and as uear the ^itih Pole as poflible j that whatever might be the refult of their invefti^tions with refpe6ji to Cape CircutncifiOn^ they were to continue thtir furveys to the fouthward, and then to the caftward, either iii fearch of the faid continent, fliould it noc have been afcertained, or to make difcoveries of fuch iflands a? might be featcd in the hitl^erto unexplored and un- known parts of the foutheri latitudes : that, having circumnavigated the globe, they were to return to Spit- head by the way of the Cape of pood Hope: and that to anfwer the intentions of government in this voyage as fully as poifible, when the feafon of the year ren- dered it linfafe to continue in high latitudes, they were to repair to feme known port to the northward; an4 after having irefitted, &cc. they were to return again, at the proper Teafon, to the fouthward, in profecution of new difcoveries there. It may i|pt be amifs her? to obferye, that thefe or- ders were not intended in any refpecJ^ to cramp Capt." Cook, who was allowed, in cafe the Refolution Ihould be loft, to continue his voyage in the Adventure : he had to this end afliftants out of number: his (lay was not even hinted at : he was not obliged to return at any limited time; in (hort he had ample power, full authority, and, in all unforefeen cafes, he was to'pro- ceed according to his ovyn difcxetion, and ac5l entirely ashepleafed. " , - .. .. v. . A copy of the above inftruAions were tranfmitted tq Capt. Furneaux, inclofcd with Capt. Cook's orders, in which he appointed, fhould the two (hips be feparated, the ifland of Madeira for the fir ft place of rendezvous, fort Praya for the fecond, the Cape of Good Hope foe the third; and New Zealand for the fourth. .. "■."'• :^- '^ While R6UND THE WORLU. 189 le, and as ver tnight 6t to Cape furveys to , either iii have been 1 iHands as ^ and un- lat," having arri to Spit- Li*, and that this voyage e year ren- J, they were iward i aii«i vrn again, at ofecution of ranfmitted tp 's ordets, iii )e feparated, rendezvous, )od Hope fot While wp rernainovi at Plyinoiith, our aftronomers, {^r. Wales, an^ Mr. Bayley, made obfervations on Drake's Ifland \ vvhen the lat. was found to be 50 deg. 21 mill. 30 fee. N. ancj the long 4 deg. 20 min. W. of Greenwich; ;yhereby the true time* for putting the time pieces and watches in motion was afcertained. This was done on the 13th of July, and they were fet a-goir]g, iii the prefence of the tv^ro aftro -^onlers, Capt. Furneaux, Gape. Cook, and the two firftueu tenants oi the lliips. They had each of them keys of the boxes; which contained the watches, and were always to be prefent at the winding them up, and comparing the one with the other, unlefs prevented by indifpo- fition. . On the I2th of July, the Rcfolution broke from her poorings in the found, and was adrift together with The tranfport buoy to which (he was fattened. A.II hands were on deck inftantly, the cables were cleared, and the fails fpread. We pafled the Adventure, and came lb an anchor, after having efcaped the very apparent danger of being dafhed againft the rocks which are un- der the fort. This favourable event was looked upon by our feamen as an omen to the good fuccefs of the voyage. . v On the i3vh, the two (hips failed from Plymouth jSound, in company, and paflTed the Eddillone, which lis a lofty, well contrived tower, of the utmoft advan- Itage to navigation and commerce. As we ftood oflE" |(hore, the wind increafed, and the billows rolled higher [and higher. On the 20th, we fell in with Cape Oitegal pn the coaft of Golicia. The fea now grew perfectly ealm, and the profpedl which furrounded us v\as very ielightful. When in light of Cape Finiilerrc, bearing S. W. f«ven or eight leagues, we were met by a I'mali French Tartan from Marf<;illes, freighted with flour ■ < S.I 19© Captain Cook's second VoyaSe (lour from Ferrol and Corunna. We obtained from them a fmall fupply of frcfli water, which we much wanted, having been obliged to fubfift on bread and four wine. On the azd, in the afternoon, we pafTed two Spanilh men ot war, one of which fired a (hot at the Adven- ture to bring her to ( but on hailing her, and being told.we were king's (hij^s, made a proper apology, and very politely took leave, wilhing us a good voyage. On the apth, about nine at night, we anchored in Funchiale road, in the idand of Madeira. After hav- ing faluted the garrifon with eleven guns, and they had returned the compliment, we went on Qiore, ac- companied by Mr. Sills, a gentleman from the Vice- confui, to the houfe of Mr. Lou^hnans, a confiderable Englifh merchant, who afllfted us with every accom- modatioa the ifland and houfe afforded, during our ftay. Here the officers and private men furnilhed thernfelves with fuch ftocl^s of wine as they could con. veniently purchafe. On the I ft of Auguft, having fto\yed on board a fup. ply of water, wine, and other neceflaries, we fet fail, Joft fight of Madeira, and ftood to the. fouthward, with a gentle gale at N. E. On the 4th> we faw the, pleaCantlQandofPalma, bearing S. S. W! diftant about three or four leagues. And on Wednefday the 5th, we palled the iile ot Ferro, at the diilance of fourteeo] leagues. *' Having departed from Madeira on the 1 ft of Auguft, on the 9th we crofled the Tropic of Cancer, and at nine in the morni; g came in light of Bonavifta, beat* ing S. W. by W. about ten leagues. , / On Round the World. 1^1 On the lOth we paiTed the ifland of Mayo, on our ftarboard fide, and at two P. M. came to an anchor, 1 8 fathom water, in Port Praya, in the ifle of St. ]ago, one of the Cape dc Verda. An ofBcer was fent on Ihorc for cave to procure what refrclhments we wanted, which was readily granted; and on his return wc faluted the fort with eleven guns. Here both (hips were fupplied with plenty of good water. We alfo re- cruited our live (lock, fuchashogs, goats and poultry, fome of which continued alive during the remainder of the voyage. On the 14th, both (hips having got on board a fup- ply of refre(hments an(j provifions, we weighed anchor, put to fea, and continued our voyage to the Cape of Good Hope. On the i6th, in the evening, a luminous fiery meteor made its appearance ; it %*'as of a blui(h colour, an oblong (hape, and had a quick defccnding motion. After a momentasy duration, it difappcared in the horizon. Its courfe was N. N. W. ^ On the 19th, one of the carpenter's mates fell over- board, and was drowned. He was fitting on one of the fcuttles, from whence it was fuppofed he fell. All our endeavours to fave him were in vain, for he was not feen till the inftant be funk under the (hip's (Icrn. We felt his lofs very fenfibly, he being a fober man, as well as a good workman ; and he was much regretted cvea by his (hipmates. On the aoth, the rain defcended not in drops, but tn ftreams, and, at the fame time, the wind was fqually and variable, fo that the people were obliged to keep^ deck, and of cour(e had all wet jackets, an inconve- nience very common, and oft(tn experienced by fea- men. However, this difagreeable circumftance was attended with good, as it gave us aiL opportunity of Spreading i 19* /Ca PTAIN CaaK's SECOND Vo/tYGfc fprcading out awnings, and filling feven empty pvm- cheons with frefli water. Onthea7th,one of Capt. Furneaux*s petty Ofcrs died on board the Adventure; but on board the Refo- lution, we had not one man fick, although a deal of rain fell^ which, in fuch hot climates; is a great pro- moter of ficknefs. Capt. Cook, took every neceffary precaution for the prefervation of our health, by airing and drying the (hip with fires made between decks, and by making the crew air their bedding, and walh their cloaths, at every opportunity. Two men were ■punifhed on board the Adventure; one a private ma- rine for quarrelling with the quarter-mafteri the other a common failor for theft. Each of them receiving one dozen. This we mention to fliew what ftrift difcipline it was neceflary to preferve on board, in ord^r to efta- blifha regular and peaceable behaviour in fuch hazard- ous voyages, when men, unaccuftomcd to controul, are apt to prove mutinous. On Toefday, September the 8d], we eroded the line in longitude 8 deg. W. Some of the crew, who had never paffed the line before, v/ere obliged to undergo the ufual ceremoney of ducking, but fomebought them- ielves off, by paying the required forfeit of brandy. Thofe who fubmitted to an immerfion, found it very falutary, as it cannot well be done too often in warm ueather, and a frequent change of linen and cloaths is exceeding refrefhing. On the 14th, a flying fllh fell on our dv*ckj we caught feveral dolphins ; faw fomc cquatic birds; and, at various intervals, obferved the fea covered with numberlefs animals. C n Sunday the 27ih, a fail was difcovered to the W. (landing after us; Ihe appeared to be a Show, and fliewed either.Portu- guefe cojci^rs, or St. George's enfign. We did not .'- chule ■Wl Round th£ World. ^9i chufo to wait till (he Approached tteiirer, or to fpeak td her. Oil Mandity ttie l2tt]^ tlie weather bdag calni. We araufed ourfclvcs with fiiooting feaCfowL We were; toy/f accompanied by flieerwaters, pintadoed^ 8tci and l}\r^fmall grey petercl. This lad is lefs than a pigeon, jias a grey backy whitiili belly, attd a black ilrokc aero^ frdni the tip of the wing to that of the other, jheffc arefoiithern birds^ and^ we believe, .never fecn wkhia the tropics, or north of the line. The^, vifited Us m great flights J and about the fame time we faw feveraJ animals of the niolufca kind, within odr resich, together with a violet coloured (Hell, of a.F6markablc thid ttx* ture, and therefore feems calculated to keep the opcnl fea J and not to coins near rocky places; it being eafi- \]f broken. Saturday the i/th, we difco^ered at (sL\\ to [the N. W. which hoiftcd Duech colours.^ She kept us (^oMpany two diys, but on the third we dut-faUe4 her. Front tile idth to this day, wc had. the wind htf tweert the N. and E. a geiitlc gale. On Wednefday the 2 1 ft, our latitude was 35 deg. 20 min. S. and oUr loil* gitudeS deg. 4 mirj. 39 fee. K. From this tinieto the 123d the wind corttmucd eafterly; wheri it Veered td. the IN. and N. W. After forae hoUra caliai, we faw . a feal^ |or as fonie tliought; a fea lion. The wind now fiiccd ac I, W. \frhich?c^arried us to our intended port.. As we ircvir near to the land, the fea fo\vl, which had skcon^ )aaic3 us' hithert^J, began to leave \k : dx Icaft they dii lot appear in fueh numbers ; nor did we fee ganuictsi Ur the black bird, coimmorily called the cape .heii,^tiil i^e Were neatly within fight ot the cape. On Thurfday (lie 29th, at two o clock P. M. We made the Isln^ of [he Cape of Good Hop^s ; a particular defcription i£ yhich is giv^tf in his firrf voyage, The Table Mou»- iin,*over the Giape Town, bore £. S. E. diftant t\^clvc prfoarteen leagues : had ilHoc been obfbuFed by clouds. Numb. 9. . B b it n W/. w 1^4 Captain Cook's second Voyaos it migbt, from its height, have been feen at a much greater diilani:e. Friday the 30th, we ftood into Table Bay, with the Adventure in company, and anchored in five fathom water. We were now vifitcd by the mafter-at- tendant of the fort, fome other officers belonging to the company, and Mr. Brandt. This laft gentleman brought off to us many articles that were very accept. able; and the mafter attendant, as is cuflomary, took an account of the two fliips, enquiring particularly if the fmall-pox was on board, a diforder dreaded above all others by the inhabitants of the Cape ; for which reafoQ a furgeon always attends on thefe vifits. This day Capt. Cook fent an officer to wait upon Baron Plettenberg,, the governor, to inform him of our arrival, to which he returned a polite anfwcr, and on the return of our officer, we fainted the fort with eleven guns, which compliment was acknowledged by the fame number. Having vifitcd the governor and fome of the prlndj pal inhabitants, we took up our abode at Mr. Brandts, 1 the ufual refidence of moil officers belonging to Eng* lifli ftiips. With refpeft to accommodation, this gen- tleman fpares neither pains nor expence, in order to favour him with their company. We concerted mea.| fures with Mr. Brandt for fupplying us with provifions, &c. all which he procured without delay, while ouri men on board were employed in overhauling the rig- ging, and the carpenters in caulking the fliips fides,! &c. At the fame time Mr, Wales and Mr. Baylejl made obfervations for regulating the watches,^ and tol render his houfe as agreeable as poffibl? to thofe whol favour him with their company. We concerted maj furesl Round thb World* 195 furcs with Mr. Brandt for fupplying us with provifions^ &c. ail which he procured without delay, while our men on board were employed in overl?auling the rig« ging, and the carpenters in caulking the fhips fides, &c. At the fame time Mr. Wales and Mr. Bayley made ob- fervatioas. for regulating the watches, and other pur- pofcs. The refult of thefe was that Mr. Kendal's, watch had anfwcred beyond our expectations, by de- termining the longitude of this place to within one mi- nute of time to what it was obtervcd in 176 1, by MeC lHaipti and Dickfon.. During our ftay here, Mn Fbrfter, who employed his time wholly in the purfuit of: nataraj hiftor/ and botany, met with one Mr. Sparman, a Swcdifli [jentle^ man, who, had. ftudied under Linnaeus., Mr. Forftcr importuned, ftrongly Capt. Cook to take' him aboard j. and Mr. Sp^rman^ being willing to .embark, the captain confented j a?id. he was engaged under Mr. Forft^r, who bore his. expences^ on^ bp^rd, and allQwed him a^ yearly ftipcnd besides,. On the 1 8th, we had, got eycry tbing on board; but- it was the 22d before we could put to feia. , In thi? interval the crews of both (hips were ferved every day with frefh beef, or mtttton, hew. baked bread, . and:- what quantity of greens theythought fu^Scient; .and. the two fhips in every refpe^t, were put in f^s good con- dition as when they left England. At this, time fome removes took place in the Adventure. The, firft lieu- tenant, Mr. Shanks, dcfired leave to refignv in;^ or^er . to. i:ctum to England for the recovery of his health, which was granted. Mr. Kemp was appointed firit lieutenant, and Mr. Burney, one of our midfhipmen^ was nj*k4e fecond lieutenant, in the room of Mr., toip.. ' . . . On UT" 11. -' iq5 Captain Cook's second VoiTAGE On the a 24 ye repaired on board, have fir ft taken feave of the govemdr, and other officers, who in i pibft obHging njanncr h^d afforded ijs all the neceffary affifiancc wiS required. ' At three o'clock, P. M. we weighed, and fainted the fort with fifteen guns, which complimcrit'was'inftantly tcturned. We now ftood all nighit to the weftward, to get clear of the land, du. ring which time, we direfted pur courfe, as brdcrid, to cape i^ircumcifioQ. We Had a moderate ^alc from the N. W. point until the a4th, when the wind 0iifted to eaftward. ' " '' : '• ' ''' ' "' :' " '' ' ■■"•• •' This day by obfervation, at noon, wc fpund our- fclvesto bfc in 35 deg. a 5 min. §• lat. and 29 min."W. of the Cape of Good Hope^ ' As we were now direft: kig dur courfe towards the antarftic circle, and ex- jpeftcd to cricounter foon with cold weather, the capi tain oi-deircd a waftc of frd^lh water to be a.s much as poffible' prevented ; at the fame time he fuppUcd tach inan' with a friarnoaght jacket^ and trowfers,' allowed "|)y the Admiralty, and alfo flops to fuch ' who wanted them. Qn thd 25fth, a heavy ftorni came from the N. N. W. With a few iijtervs^ls pf moderate weather, for nearly a Week. ^ i : iv . Gn Sunday, December the ^th, we were1n)at. 4^ deg.' 4 1 min. S/and in 1$ de^. 24 min. £. loiig. . The itorm ^ootinu^d, and the roaring of the waves, togC' ther with hail; rain, and ?i'^ great agitation of the vefr fel, were citcumftantes that rendered opr fituation dif- agree^bfe."'A b6yin the fore part of the (hi jp,' hearing « noif■• I I 198 Captain Cook*s second Voyage tie afFefted either by the winds or waves. It being ne. Ceffary to proceed with -great circumfpeJHiion, we reefed our top -fails, and upon founding, found no ground with 150 fathoms* On the I ith, in 51 deg. 50 min. S. lat. and 21 dtg^ 3 min. E. long, faw fome white birds, and paffed ano. thcr large idand of rice. The birds were about the Hze of pigeons, with blackilh hills and 'feet. Capt. CooJr. thought them of the petrel kind, and natives of thefe frozen feas. The difmal fcene in view, to which we were unaccuftomed, was varied as well by thefe birds, as feveral whales, which made their appearance among the ice, and afforded us fome idea of a fouthen\ Greenland. But though the appearance of the ice,, with the waves breaking over it, might iiffard a few moments pleafure to the eye, yet could not fail filling OS with horror, when we reflefted on our danger; for the ftiip would be dallied to pieces in a moment, were fhe to get againft the weather fide of one of thefe illands, when the fca runs high. On the 14th, a boat was hoifled out for two gentle- ftien to make fome obfervations and experiments. While they were thus engaged, the fog incrcafed fo much, that they entirely loft fight of both of the ihips, Their fituation was truly terrific and alarming, as they were only in a fraall four-oared boat, in an immenfe ocean, furrounded with ice, utterly deftitute of pro. vifions, and far from any habitable ftiore. They made various efforts to be heard, and rowed about for fome time, without efFeftj they could not fee the length of their boat, nor hear any found. They had neither maft nor fail, only two oars. They determined to lie ftill, as the weather was calm, and hoped that the fliip? would not fwim out of fight. A bell founded at a dif- tancc, which was heavenly mufic to' their ears. They ' were /. RouKD THE World* 199 were at lafl: taken up by the Adventure, and thus riar* rowly cfcaped thofe extreme dangers. We flood to the South on the 17th, when the wea- ther was clear and ferene, and faw feveral forts of birds, which we were Unacquainted with. The Ikirts of the ice fecmcd to be more broke than ufual, and we failed among it moil part of the day ; but were obliged to rtand to the northward, in order to avoid it. On the 1 8th we got clear of the ice, but was car- ried among the ice iflands, which it was difficult to keep clear of. In the Greenland feas, fuch ice is found all the furamer long, and it cannot be colder there in fum- mer time than it is here. Upon the fuppofition that tkls ice which we have been fpeaking of is generally formed in bays and rivers, we imagined that land was not far- from us, and the ice alone hindered our ap- proaching it. At laft we determined to fail to the eaflward, and afterwards to the fouth, and, if we met with no laud or impediment, there to get behind the ice, that thjs matter might be put out of doubt. We found the weather much colder, and all the crew complained o^ it. Thofe jackets which were too fliort were lengthened with baize, and each of them had a cap made of the fame fluff, which kept them as warm as the climate would admit. Scorbutic fymptoms appearing on fome of the people, the furgeons gave them frcfh wort every day, made from the malt we took with us for that purpofe. We flood once more to the fouthward oh the tweilty- fecond inflant. On the twenty-third we hoifled out a hoat to make fuch experiments as were thought neccf- fary. i VoYAGi I : I* ^ far^. We examined feveral fpecies of birds, which we had Ihoic as they hdver€fd round vis with feemlng curiofity. The «5th; beingChriftmas-day, we were very chear- fi!l, and notwithftanding the furrounding rocks of ice ilie faifors fpfent it ih lavage noife and drunkcnncrs, On the 26th, we failed through Urge quantities of brolcen ice. We v^^ere ftill furrounded withiflands ^hich in the evening Appeared very beautiful, the cdgcar Iseing tinged by the fetti'ng fiin. We vi^ere no\^ iiriat. ^Sdeg. 31 min. S. Oft the 29th, the comnianders came to a refoKuion; provided they met with no impvhich account we had too much tea-; ion to think, thiit a reparation had taken place, though we could, not well teU what had been the caufe of it, Capt. Cook had dired^ed Capt. Futneaux, in cafe of a feparaiion, to cruize three d^ys in that place he laft faw the Refolution. Capt. Cook accordingly made ftiort boards, and fired half hour guns till the afternoon of the 7th, wheri the weathier cleared up, and the Ad- venture was not tp be feen in the limits of that hoiizon. We were obliged to lie to, till the loth, and notwith- flanding we kept firing guns, and burning falfe fires. all night, we neither few nor heird any thrng of the Adventure, and were obliged to make f^il^ without her, which was but a difnial profpeft, for wp were . Kowexpofed to the danger ot the frozen climate with- out the company of oi^r fellow^ voystgers, which | be- fore had relieved our fpirits, when we confidercd that we were not entirely alone in cafe we loft our own vef- (el,, The crew unive^fally regretted the lofs of the Adventure ; and they ftldom looked around the ocean \yithout expreffing fome concern that we were alone Qn ^his unexplore4 expanfe. Nothing material happened to us,. but various changes , of the weather and climate, till the 25th of March, when land wa^.feen from the maft-head, which greatly exhilerated the fpirits of our failors, We fteered in for the land v/ith all the fail we could carry,, and had the advantage of good weather and a frefti.. gale. The captaim raiftook the bay before us for Duf- ky bay, the ifland that lay at the mouth of it having deceived him. , We now proceeded for Dulky Bay, in Nevv Zealand, but with much caution as we advanced nearer the land. We paffed feveral iflands, tec. and two leagues'. ■ up. ^04 Captain Cook's second Vovaoe lip the bay an officer was Cent out to look for anchorage^ which he found, and fignified it by lignal. Here we Anchored in 50 fathom water* and very near the (horc. This joyful circumftance happened on the z6th of March, after we had been 117 days at Tea, and failed 3660 leagues, without fo much as once feeing land. We had much reafon to be thankful to the Divine Pro, vidence, that no untoward accident had befallen us, ^nd that our crew were in good healthf wm CHAP, n. A narrative of v/hat happened in Du(ky Bay — Inters views with the natives — Sails to Charlotte's Sound— < Is there joined by the Adventure — ^TranfaAions in this place — Capt. Furneaux*s narrative— The (hips proceed to the ifland of Otaheite, and their arrival there — Are in a critical fituation, THE country appeared beautiful and pleafant. The iOands we paflkd, before our entrance into Pufky Bay, were (haded with evergreen, and covered with woods; the various (hades of the autumnal yellow, intermixed with evergreens, exhibited a delightful contra(b. As foon as we anchored we caught great numbers of fi(h, which eagerly took the bait laid for them. Our iirft meal upon fifh here was looked upon 0s the moil delightful we had ever made. Capt. CooK 4id not like the |>lace in which we anchoii[ed, and fent * lieut, RduND THB World. ao5 Hcut. Pickerfgill in iearch of a better, which he fooa found. The Captain liked it, and called itPtckerfgill harbour. This we entered on the 27 th of March, by a channel which was fcarcely twice the width of the fliip. In this place we determi ned to (lay fome time, and examine it thoroughly, as no one had ever entered it before, or landed on any of the fouthern parts of this country. Our fituation was admirable for wood and water. Our yards were locked in the branches of trees, and near our ftern ran a delightful dream of frefh wa- ter. We made preparations on (hore for making all neceflary obfervations, and perform noceflary repairs, Jic. &c. We had not hitherto feen any appearance of inhabi- tants i but on the 28th, fome of the officers went on a (hooting party in a fmall boat, and difcovered them, and returned to acquaint Capt. Cook therewith. Very lihortly a canoe came filled with them, within mufket ihot of the ihip* They flood looking at us for fome timef and then returned; we could not prevail upon Ithem to come any nearer, notwithftanding we (hewed |tbem every token of peace and friendlhip. Capt. Cook [with feveral officers and gentlemen, went in fearch of fhem the fame day. We found the canoe hauled upon "le (hore, where were feveral huts, with fire places and Slhing-nets, but the people had probably retired into Ihe woods. We made but a (hort (lay, and left in the ]anoe fome medals, looking glailes, &c. not chufing to parch any further. Two parties went out the jext day, but returned without nnding any thing worth [iticing. On the 6th of April we made a (hooting party, and ^und a capacious cove| where we (hoc feveral ducks 1 ' - " ■' 'on 2o5 Captain CookS sbcond Voyaok on whrch account we called it Duck Cove. We had, ftn interview with one man and two women, as we re- turned in the evening, who were natives, and, the firft that difcovered thenrifelves ; and had not the man hal- looed to us, we (hould have pafled without feeing them. They man flood upon the point of a rock, with,acUib in his hand, and the women were behind him with fpears. As we approached, the man difcovered great figns of fear, but flood firm ; nor would he move to take up feme things that were thrown to him. His fears were aH diflipated by Capt. Cook's going up to embrace him ; the captain gave him fuch things as he had about him. The officers and fes^men tollowed the captain, and talked fome time to them i though they c«mld not underfland them. In this converfatioh, the' youngefl of the women bore the gfcatefl fhar?. /V droll failor remarked, that the worsen did not want, tongue irt any part of the world. We were obliged to leave them, on the approach of night ; but before we parted^ Mrs* Taika,:ive gave us a dance. : On the 7th we made them another vifit, and pr^fenN, cd them with fever^l things ; but they beheld every thvng with indifference, except hatchets and fpike nails. We now faw all the man's family, as we fuppofed, which confifled of two wives, the young^ woman we I mentioned before, 3 boy about fourteen years old, and three fmall children. Excepting one wom,in (who had,] 9- large wen upon her upper lip) they were well favour- ed ; on account of her difagreea^ble appearance,^ (he I Icemed to be negle(5led by the mfan. We were con-, daded to their habitation, which confifled of twomeaDJ htxts, fituated near the fkirts of a wood. Their canoel lay in a fmall creek, near the huts, and was jufl largel enough to tranfport the whole family from place toj place. A gentleman of our party made fketchesofl themy which occafioned their calling him Toe Toe;| which v/iich, pamtinj Cook V own ma he wi/h( •rdcrcd On tl /ignified neither n reafon of cd in dr their hair .ind tied 1 hunches ( received h The man cloak, tha gave it to time, and 1 furveying 1 Round the World* ao; every J nails. pofed, lanwc |d, and 10 hail ■avout- ',tM e con-, o mcaii) Ir canoe) 1ft \m j\aceto| •cbeso(| Toe-J wbicl: vhich, It fccms, is a word which fignifies marking or painting. On taking leave, they prcfented Captarn Cook with fomc trifles, and a piece of cloth of their own manufiifture ; ^and pointed to a boat cloak which he wifhed to have. The hint was taken, and one was •rdered to be made for him of red baize. On the 9th we paid the natives another vifit, and fignified our approach by hallooing to them ; but they neither met us on ftiore, nor anfwered us as ufual; the reafon of which was, that their time was fully occupi- ed in drefBng themfelves to receive us. They had their hair combed and oiled, ftuck with white feathers, iPd tied upon the crowns of their heads, and had bunches of feathers ftuck in their ears. "VVe were received by them with great courtefy in their drefs. The man was fo well pleafed with the prefent of the cloak, that he took his patta-patoe from his fide, and gave it to Capt. Cook. We continued here a little time, and took leave, fpending the reft of the day ia furveying the bay. On Monday the 1 2th, this family paid us a vifit in their canoe, but proceeded with caution as they ap- proached the fliip. We could not by any means per- |iiiade them to come on board, but put afliore in a little [creek near us, and fat themfelves down near enough to jfpeak to us. Capt. Cook ordered the bagpipes to play, land the drum to beat ; the latter only they regarded* JThey converfed very familiarly (though not well under- Iftood) with fuch officers and feamcu as went to them, pd paid a much greater regard to forae than to others, «e fuppofed that they took fuch for women. One of ^he females fliewed a remarkable fondnefs for one man |n particular, until ftie found out his fex ; after which le would not let him approach her. We cannot tell whether fhe had before taken him for a female, or whe- ther. ioB Captain Cook's second VovAOfi ther, in difcovcring himfelf^ he had taken foitic libch tics with her. In the evening, the natives of Duflcy Bay took up their quarters very near our watering-place, which ■was a clear proof that they placed « great deal of cpn. fidence in us. We pafled two or three days in exaaiin. ing the bay in making neccflary experiments and obfer* Vations. We likewifc fhot great quantities of fowl. , On the 1 9th, the iriah and his daughter before men. tioned ventured on board our (hip, while the reft of the family Were fifliinff in the canoe. Before the man would come into the mip, he ftruck the fide of it with a green branch, and muttered fome words, which we took for a prayer; after which he threw away the branch ar.d came on board. They viewed every pan of the cabin with apparent curiofity and furprifej but we could not fix the man's attention to any one thing for a moment. All we (heWed him feemed beyond his comprehenfion, and the works of nature and art were alike regarded. The ftrength and number of our decks and other parts of the (hip, feemed to ftrike him with furprife. The man was ftill better pleafed with hatchets j and fpike-nails, than any thing our ihip produced;! when he had once got poffellion of thcfe, he would not I quit them. Capt. Cook and three other gentlemen left the (hip as foon as they could difengage themfelves from thevifitors, whom they left in the gun-room, and went out in two] boats to examine the head of the bay; at which place! they took up their night's lodging ; the next day ihejj continued their obfervations ; and fired at fome duckJ Upon the report of the gun, the natives, who had notf difcovered themfelves before, fet up a mod hideou roar in different places. The gentlemen hallooed ii M The twi toats, bdf anccs of Round the. World. 209 tiicir t«rn, and rcrrcateJ to their boats. The natives diu not follow them, neither indeed could they, becaufe a branch or the river fcpuratcd thirm, but ftill made a great noife. As they Conunued flvooting and making their obfervations, they frequently heard the natives in the wood^. A man and a woman appeared at lall on the banks of the river, waving, foniething in their hanJs as a token of friendfhip. ^ The gentlemen couKi not get near tjiem, and the native^ retreated into the woods. Two others appeared ; but a^ the gentlemen ;idvanced, they retreated likewifc, and the woods af- forded them thick cover. The captain a«d his party paflVd the next night in the fame place, and after break- taft embarked to return on board ; but faw two men on the oppofite fliore, who hallooed to thcm^ and they were induced to row. over to them. Captain Cook with tvvo other gentlemen landed un- armed, and advanced all together, but the natives re- treated, nor would they (land flill till Capt. Cook went up alone. It wa? with fome difficulty that he prevailed with one of therti to lay down his fpcar j at laft he did H, and met the captain with a grafs plant in his hand, giving Capt. Cook one end to hold, whilft he himfclf held the other; In this pofitiort they flood while the natives made a fpeech, which the captain did not on- ikrftahJ, but returned fome fort of anfwer; they then fciUitcd each other, and the native took 'his coat from his back, and put it on the captain. He then pncfent- cd each of them with a hatchet and a knife, having no- , tEing clfe with him. They invited the gentlemen to their habitation, and wanted them to eat, but the tide prevented their accepting of this invitation. The two natives accompanied the gentlemen to their* boats, bdt feemed very much agitated at the appear- ances of the mufquets, which they looked upon as in* D d ilrumencs mmBm ■t ijio * Captain Cook*3 second Voyaob ftruments of death, oh account of the (laughter they had obferved among the fowls. It was neceffary to watch them, for they laid their hands on every thing ping, and fometimes ren. dered immoveable. AmidA the hardfhips of fuch a traveff?, there is nothing more aftoniftiing, than that the crew ftiould continue in pcrfeft health, fcarce a man being fo ill as to be incapable of duty. Nothing caa tcdound ftiore to the ho'nour of Capt. Cooke, than his paying jDarticular attention to the prefervation of heahh among his coinpariyi By obferving the ftrifteft difci. plinc from the highcfl to th€ lowed, his commands were duly obferved, and punftnally executed. "When the fervice was hard he tempered the feverity thereof by frequently relieving thofe einployed in the perform, ance, and having all haiids at command, he was never under the neceffity of continuing the labour of any fet of men beyond what their ftrength and their fpiriu could bear. ilavihg hy ttis meanS left no fpare time for gaming, quarrelling, or rioting, he kept them in a£^ion, and puniflied drunkennefs with the utmoft feverity ; and thus by perfcvcring in a fteady line of conduft, he was enabled to keep the fea till reduced to a very fcanty portion of water ;. and when he defpaired of finding any new land, and had fully fetisfied himfelf of the non-exiftance of any continent in the quarter he lad | traverfed, he directed his courfe to Charlotte's Sound, the place appointed for both (hips to rendezvous in | cafe of feparation, and appeared off the fame, (as has j been already related) on Tuefday, the iSth of May, 1/73, ^^^ ^^^^ "^^ difcovered our confort the Advcn. ture, by the fignals Ihe made to us, an event every one | in both ihips felt with inexpreihble fatisfadlion. The next morning after our arrival, being Wednef* d»y the 19th, Capt, Cook went off in the boat, at| . day-break> :yof ren. :h a that man ; can in his lealth difcl. mauds When hereoi iform. ', never any fet fpirk Round ths World. 819 IWednef- Iboat, all W-break>| day-break, to gather fijurvy-grafs, celery, and other vegetables. At brcakfaft time he returned with a boat load, enough for the crew of both fliips ; and Know^ ing their falutary efficacy in rcipoving fcorbutic com- plaints, he ordered that they Jhould be boiled with wheat and portable broth, every morning for breakfaft, and with* peafe and broth for 4ioiier, and thus dreffed they are extremely beneficial. On the 2oth, we vifited the fortifications of the na«» I tives where the obfervatory was fixed. It is only ac- [celTible in one place, and rlicre by a narrow, difficult path, being fituated oa a fteep rock. TThe huts of the natives flood promifcuoufly, within an inclofure of pal- jlifadoes J they confided, only of a roof, and had no Iwalls. About noon we were vifited. by two finajl, <;a- [noes, in which were five men. They dined with us, d it was not a little they devoured. In the evenipg ^hey were difmiffed with prefents. On the 24th, the Refolution, received another vific from a family, who came with no other intent than to, partake of our food, and to get fome of our iron Work. We wanted to know their names, but it was a long |mc, before we could make them underftand us. At ' we, found that the oldeft was called ToT^ahanga, addle Qthers Kotugha-a, Koghoaa, Khoaa,^ K^ollakh, ad Taupuaperua. This laft was a boy about 1 2 years |f aff^ very lively and intelligent. He dined with us, r .oracioufty, and was very fond of the cruft of a ieraade of wilcl fowL IJe did not touch relifh Madeira, (iae which the captain gave him, but was very fond fome fweet Cape wine, which elevated his fpiritSj^ ^dhis tongue was perpetually going.. [On the aQth, a great number of natives furrounded with canoes, who brought good^ tp exchange, for whjph. Z%o Captain Cook's second Voyage :# ii * Virhich they got good returns, owing to the cagcrncfi vrith which our failors outbid each other, all of ihem i)cing defirous of having fome , of the produftions of this country. Among thefe Indians we faw many wo- ;nen whofe lips were of a blackiih hue, and their chfiek were painted witfi a Hvely vcd. They had large Icnees, and llender bandy legs, owing to want of exer. ^ cife, and fitting in their canoes cr.ofs legged. The la, dies were very agreeable to our crews, who had np opportunity of indulging an intercyurfc with other ■women -fince our departure from England; and they fopn found opt that chaftity was not a dillinguiflijng part of their charajSler., Their, confent was eafily pur. chafed . a fpike nail, or an old ihirt, was a fulEcient bribe. The New Zealanders, cucouraged by the gaia of this difgracefpl commerce, went through both the fhips, offering their daughters and fifters to the proniiIi| cuous cn^bracgs of every one, for iron, tools, 5cc, On. the 3Qth inftant, we went over to Long Ifland, to collect fojne hay which the crews had made, and to bring fome vegetables on board- In this trip we foundl feveral new p ants, and fhot fome fmaU birds, vhic!]| ■we had not fecn before. In the afterroon, leave was! given to feme ot oyr failors to go on (hore, whertj they again purqhaf«;d the embraces of th^ womenj Thefe fellows muft have been yery keen indeed, they would have been difgufted with the uncleaniineftj of their doxies, all of whom h?id a difagreeable fmell[ which might be fcented at a confiderat^le diilancej find their c oths as well as h?iir fwarmed with vermij %o a very great degree ; which they occafionally cracke between their teeth. It is furpri^ing how men, wE had received a civilized education, could gratify th animal appetite with fiich loath fome creatures. Wliij this party were on (hore, a young woman on board ftoj pne of the feaqcn's jackets, and gave it a ypungimf Earl place, Cjuent we wel W. obiige(| Jieard «!■«■ RouKD THE World. 231 pf lierown tribe j upon the failor'fi taking it from th« Indian, he received feveral blows on the face by the voung fellow's fift. At firft the failor took this as ii joke, but upon perceiving the aflailant to be in earneft, he gave him a hearty Englifti drubbing, and made him cry out for quarters. At this time Capt. Cook con- tinued his employment of fowing, in different fppts cleared for the purpofe, all forts of vegetables that he thought would grow in this country, fuch as potatoes,' beans, peas, corn, 8fc. On Tuefday the i ft of June, we were vifitedby fe- veral natives whom we had not feen before, and who brought wiih them fundry new articles of commerce i among thefe were dogs, fome of which we pu f chafed. Of thefe people we faw a few oddly marked in their faces, by fpiral lines deeply cut in tliem. Such kind of marks were very regular in the face of a middle-aged man, named Tringbo Way a, who appeared to be a perfon of note, ^nd to have authority over his brethren. This company feemed to underftand perfetftly wellhow to traffic, and did not like we fhould make hard bar- gains. Some of them entertained us with a dance on the quarter deck, previous to which they parted with their upper garments, and flood in a row. They fang a fong, and its chorus all together, making during the performance many frantic geftures. Mulic accom- panied this fong and dance, but it wag not very harmonious. Early in the morning of the 7th, we fiiled from this place, in company with the Adventure, but hiid fre- Quent hindrances from contrary winds. On the 3 2d, we were in lat. 32 deg. 30 min. long. 133 deg. 40 min. W. Now the weather was fo warm, that we were obliged to put on lighter cloaths. Capt. Cook having (leard that the crew of the Adventure were fickly, went on 99^ Captaik Cook's SECOND VoAvce on board the agth of Julv, when he found d^ cook, dead, and 20 men ill of tne (curvy and flux. Qnly y men were on the (ick lift on board the Refolution, which was certainly owing to the Captain's abfolutclv enforcing the mating celery and fcurvy-grafs with the food, though at firft the crew did not like it. On the 6th of Auguft, Capt. Furneaux came 01^ board the Refolution to dinner, and report;.d, that Ibis people were much better, that the flux had quite left them, and that the fcurvy was at a (land. The fcorbutic people had been well fupplied with cyder, which in a great meafure contributed to this happy change. On the 14th, we faw Ofnaburg iHand, and on the 15th, at Bve in the morning, acquainted Capt. furneaux, that it was our intention to put into Oati- piha Pay, neax the fouth end of Otaheitp, and get what retreflunents we could in that part of the ifland, before we went to Matavai. On the 1 8th, we v^ere within a leagua of the reef. On account of the breeze failing us, vve hpifted out our boats to tow the ftiips off, but they could not keep us from being carried too ^sear the reef. IVJany inhabitants came on board from different part^, who brought fruits, &c. to exchange; tl^ey moft of them knew Capt. Cook again, and* enquired for Mr- Banks Hud others, but none of thenr afked for Tupia, Our fituation became ftill more dangero^^s as the caloi con- tinued. On fending to examine the weftern point of the reef, in order to get round that \yay into the bay, ;ve found that there was not fufficient depth of water. Both fliips were carried with great impetuofityto wards the reef, and all the horrors of fliipwreck no\Y ftared us in the fiice. The breakers were not two cables length from us, and we could find no bottom to anchor. The Refoluiion came at three fathoms water, and ^ruck Round tub World.' K23 itruck at every fall of the fea, the Adventure brought up under our bow Without ftriking. The dreadful furf which broke under our ftcrn, dircatencd our Ihip- wrcck every moment. At length we found ground a fitdc without the bafon, and got the (hip afloat by cut- ting away the bower anchor, and the tide ceafed to aft in the fame dircftion. We happily towed off the Rc- ^lution, and all the boats were ordered to aflfift the Adventure. We happilv got once more fafc at fea, after narrowly efcaping mipwreck. We anchored in Oati-piha Bay, very near the fhore, and were Vifited by a great number of the na- tives, who brought roots, fruit, &c. Several of thefe people afked for Mr. Banks^ and other people who were at Otaheitc with Capt. Cook before. We were informed by thefe people, that there had been a battle fought between the two kingdoms, that Toutaha, the reg*ent of the greater peninfula, was flaln, and that Otoo reigned in his ftead. In this battle Tubourai Tamaide', and feveral of our old friends fell. A peace was now fully oftabliihed. On the igiht the two commanders made an excur* fion along the coaft, and were entertained by a chief (whona they met) with fome excellent fi(h, &:c. to whom in return they made feveral prefents. On tht 2oth, one of the natives ftole a gun firom the people on (bore. Some of the natives purfued him of their pwil accord, who knocked him down and brought b^ck the mufquet. We imagine that fear operated more with them in this bulineis than any other motive. On the 2 1 ft, a chief came tO vifit us, who brought in a pre- fenc of fruit, which proved to be iome cocoa-nuts that: we had drawn the water from and thrown overboard* He had fo artfully ti^ them up, that we .did not foo(t difcQvet the deceit. He did not betray the leaft: emotioa r (.1 1 ■: ai4 Captain Cook's second Vof Aoi .5 Ei' ,* I i ! emotion when we told hirti of it, and opened: two 6'r three of them himfclf^ as if he knew nothing of the matter ; he then pretended to be fatisfied that it was really fo, and went on ftiore,,from whence he fent lome bananoes and plantain?. We were informed that Waheato v was come into the neighbourhood, and w idled to fee Capt. Cook, who accordingly went ia company with Gapt. Furneaux and fome gentlemen: they were like wife attended by fome natives. About a mile from the landing place they met the chief, ad- vancing to meet them with a numerous train. When the prince perceived the cortipany, he halted. He knew Capt. Cook very well, as they had feen each other , fe vera! times in 1765. He went at that time by the name of Terace, and took his father's name at his death. We found him fitting on a ftool j and as foon as the iifual falutation was over, he feated Capt. Cook on the fame ftool with himfelf j the reft fat on the ground. He enquired after feveral who had been oh the former voyage, and feemed forrj when wc told him we muft fail the next day, offering- the captain that if he would itay he Ihould have hogs in plenty. Capt. Cook made biro many prefents, and ftaid with him the whole morning. This party returned on board of fliip to dinner, and made this chi^f another vilit in the after- noon, made him more prefents, and he gave us two hogs. At the different trading places fome others were got, fo that a meal's frefti pork fervcd for the crews of both fliips. Early in the morning of the 24th, we put to fea, and V€re accompanied by feveral canoes, who brough: cargoes of fruit fot falc ; neither did they return till they had difpofed of tlwm. The fick people on board the Adventure got much relict from thefe fruits. We left a lieutenant on (hore, in order to bring lome hogs, >vhichthcY promifed to lead by him. He returned ^ ca' Round the World. S2^ on the 25th, and brought eight pigs with hirtl. "t^e arrived at Matavai 'Bay in the evening, and our decks were crowded with njltives before we could get to an- chor, ilmofl: all of them were acquainted with Captain Cook. Otoo their king and a great cf owd were got together on the ftiore. Capi. Cook was going on (hore to pay him a vifit, but was told that he was gone to Oparee in a fright*, which fecmed very extraordinary to the captjiin, as ail others were much pleafed to fee him. Maritata, a chief, was on board, and advifed tlie captain to defer his vifit till next morning. Next morning the captain fet out for Oparee, after having given dij-eftions to fetch tents for the reception of the fick. Capt. Furneaux, Maritata and his wife, and fome others went with the captain. They were cci^dufted to Otoo as foon as they landed.j who fat oil the ground under a fliady tree, with a great number of people around him. Capt. Cook made him feveral prefents, after the ufual compliments had palTed, bet- ing very Well pcrfuaded that it Was much to his in- tereft to eftablifli a friendftiip with this man. Otoo en- quired for all the gentlemen who had been there be- fore, as well as for Tupia, and promifed to fend fomc hogs on board, but was very backward in faying hb would tome on board hlmfelf, being, as he faid, much vmiid of the great guns. He was certainly the moft i:imid prince, as all his afltions denionftrated. He was a perfonable well made man, fix feet hight, and about thirty years of age* His father and all his fub;efts were uncoveixd before him, that is, their heads and Iho alders were macle bare* On the 27th, the king Otoo came to pay us a vilit, r.uended by a numerous train j he fcnt before him two large fifli, a hog, fome fruits, and a large quantity of cloth. . After much perfuafion he came on board him- '-■r. F f Iclf 42^ Captain Cook's second VoYAoi felf, acjcompanied by his fifters, a younger brother. Sec* with many attendants, who all received prefents j and Vvhen they had breakfafted, carried them home to Opa- ree. Upon landing, an old lady, the mother of Tou- taha, metCapt. Cook, feized him by both hands, and, weeping bitterly, told him that her fon and his friend Toutaha were der.d. Had not the king taken her from Capt. Cook, he mufl have joined her lamentations. The next day the king promifed to vifit us again, but faid we muft firfl wait upon him. On the iqth, the commanders took a trip to Oparee, attended by fome officers and gentlemen, and made the king fuch prefents as he had not before feen. One of them was a broad fword; at the fight of which he was very much intimidated, and defired it might b** taken out of his fight. "With a vaft deal of argument. he was prevailed upon to fuffer it to be put on his fide, where it remained a very fhort time. We received an invitation to the theatre, where they entertained us with a dramatic piece, confiftlng of a comedy and dance. The performers were one woman, which was no lefs a pcrfonage than the king's fiftcr, and five men, and their mufic confifted of only three drums. The whole entertainment was well conducted, and lafted a- bout two hours. When this diverfion was over, the king defired us to depart, and loaded us with fruit and fifti. The king fent more fruit and fifli the next morning. On the ifl of Sept. we determined to depart, as the iick were nearly recovered, the necdfary repairs of the ftiip were complcated, and plenty of water provided. Mod of the day was employed in unmooring the fliips j and in the afternoon the lieutenant returned, who had been fent for the hogs promifed. With him came Pot- tatou (the chief of the diftrift of Attahounou), with hi} Round the World. 227 his Wife, to pay Capt. Cook a vifit, and made him a prefent of two hogs and fomc fifti. The lieutenant got likewife two more hogs. As the wind was wefterly, we were obliged to difinifs our friends fooner than they wiflied i but they were very well fatisfted with thq re- ception they met with. A young man, named Peoro, eame on board fome hours before we got under fail, and defired to go with us, to which we confented ; and at the fame time he afked for an axe and a fpike naij for his father, who came with him on board. They were according given him, and they parted with great indifference, which, fecmed to. indicate that they had deceived us^ and no other.confanguinity fubfifted. Prefently a canoe^ con- duced by two men, came along-fide, and* demanded ?oruo in thp name of Otoo. We informed them that we would- part with him if they would return the hatchet and fpike nail, but they faid they were aftiore; fo the young gentleman failed along with us, though, he wept when he faw the laud at our ftern.^ On the 2d, we (leered our courfe for the ifland of^ Huaheine, and the Refolution anchored in 24 fathoms Wiatcr cm the 3d inft. but the Adventure got afliore on, the north fide of the channel, but (he was happily aot^ offagairi without receiving any damage. The natives recei ';.d i.is, "WJth the utmoll cordiality, feveral of whom', camt ' . > oard before oyr commanders went on (hore. Soiac )v;ef nts were diltributed amongft them, which ^ wcregrucf ily returned by a plentiful fupply of hogs, fruit, &C. Here we had a fine profpeft of being plenti- . fully /upplicd with frcih pork and fowls, which was to. us very pleafing. On the 4th, two trading parties went on (hore, which, w:ve very well conducted. Capt. Cook was informed . that \ •J - ;i ' ii :! 238 Captain Cook's second Voyage that Oree was flill alive, and waited to fee him. The commanders, with Mr. Forfter, went to the place appoint- ed for the interview, accompanied by one of the mi- mes. The boat was landed before the chief's houfc, and were defircd to remain in it till the necclhiry cerc% mony was gone through. There flood clofe to the fliore five young plantain trees, which are their em- blems of peace: thefe were, with fome ceremony, j^rought on feparately. The firft three, were each accompanied by a young pig, whofe ears were orna- mented with cocoa-nut Bbres ; the fonrth plantain tree was accompanied by a dog. All thefe had particular names and meanings, which we could not underftand. This part o*^ the ceremony being over, we were defircd by our guiq .'ecorate three young plantain trees with nails, lo ag glalCs?, beads,' &c. &c. With thefe in our hands we landed, and were conduced thro' the multitude. We were direfted to fit down a few paces before the chief, and the plantains were laid one by one before him. This being done, the king came. to Captain Cook, fell on his neck, and kiffed him. A great effufiort of tears fell down the cheeks of this venerable old man; and if ever tears fpoke the Ian- guage of the heart, furely thefe did. Capt. Cook re- garded him as a father, and therefore prefcnted him. with the mod valuable articles he had. Soon after we returned on board, fourteen hogs were lent us, with fowls and fruit in abundance. In the morning of the 5th inftant, \Ye were again vi- fitcd by this good old man, who brought a ho^ and fome fruit; indeed he fent the captain every day ready dreffccJ, fruit and roots in great plenty. This morning the lieutenant went on (bore in fearch of more hogs, and returned in the evening with 28, and about 70 more were purcbafed on Ihore. '■ ■'-■■■■ • . men ^* Round the World. n9 When we went to. take leave of Orec, while the (hips were unmooring, and prefented hinfi with things i)Qth valuable and uCeFul. A¥e left hia^ a copper- plate, with this infciiplion, *' Anchored here, his Britannic jvlajcHy's (hips Refolution. and Adventure, September Wi" - ' . - After we had traded for fuch things ag we wanted, we took our leave, which was a very afFeclionate one. On returning to the (hips, they were crquded, as on our arrival, with canoes filled with hogs, fowls, &c. 3Qon after we were on board, the king came, and ftaid with us till we were near two miles out at fea, and then after taking another affe<^ionate leave, parted. During our ilay here, we procured upwards of 300 hogs, ht~ fides fowls and fruit in great abundance. While at this iiland, Capt. Furneaux engaged a young man, named Omai, anativcof Ulitea, who had Oeen difpclT-ffed of his property by the people of Bolo- bola, to accompany him on his" voyage. This young man had a good underftanding, honeft principles, and a natural good behaviour. On the Sth we entered the harbour of Gharaaneno j the natives crouded about us with hogs and fruit as {con as we anchored. We refufcd the hogs, as we had already more than we could manage ; but feveral of! the principal people obliged us to take them whether or no. Ws made a vifit on the 51th to Oreo, who is the chief of this part of the ifland of Ulitea. He ex- prefled great fatisfatJlion on feeing Capt. Cook again, and defircd him to exchange names with him, which ibv latter agreed to : this is a diftinguiOiing mark o( fr'iendfhip. Here we traded as ufual, but the balance of trade was much in our favour. " ' Oil m tjo Captain Cook's second Voyage On the loth, the chief entertained us mth a comedy: a very entertaining part ot which was a theft, com- mitted, with amazing dexterity, l?y a man and his ac- complice? Before the thief has time to carry off the prize, he is difcovcrcd, and a feufflc enfaes : the dif- coverers are vanquifhed, and the thieves go off in tri- umph. We returned to dinner after th? play was over, and as we were walking on (hore in the evening, one of the natives informed us that there were nine uninha- ^ited iflands to the weftward. Oreo and his fon paid us a vifit early in the morning of the nth of September, and brought, as ufual, hogs ^nd fruit with them. We dreflcd "the youth in a fhirt, and fome other articles, of which he was not a little proud. After ftaying fome hours, they went afhore, and ib did Capt. Cook foon after, but to another part of the (liore. When the chief heard he was fanded, he went of his own accord and put a hog and, fome fruit in the boat, and returned without faying any thing of it to any other perfon. He afterwards came U'ith fome friends to dinner. After dinner, Po-oorau, who is the moft eminent chief of the ifland, paid us a vifit. He was introduced by Ereo, and brought a pre- fent with him ; for which he received a handfome re-, turn. We. promifed to vifit thefe two chiefs the next morning : which wc accordingly did, in company with feveral gentlemen. Another pla.y was adled, and two very pretty young women performe'd, othcrwife this piece was not fo entertaining as the one wc faw be- fore. On the 1 4th, Oreo and fome friends paid us a pretty early vifit, when we informed him, that we Should dine with him on Ihore, and defired he would let us have two pigs for dinner, dreffed in their falhion. We found the floor of the chief's houfe flrewed with leaves, an4 Round the W o r ld'^ 331 and we were foon feated round them. Soon after the pigs came tumbling over our heads upon the leaves > and they were both fo hot as fcarcely to be touched, Xhe table was omamentd with hot bread and plantains: we had likewife a quantity of cocoa-nuts to drink. We never faw viftuals drefied cleaner nor better in our lives, and it bad a mod exquilite flavour, much fupe- rior to vidluals drefled in our mode ; how they con- trived it we cannot tell, but though one of them weighed fifty pounds at leall, it was well done in every parr, and not too much in any. We had a great num- ber of attendants, and people came to fee us dine in public, to whom pieces of pork were handed. The, chief did not refufe his glafs of Madeira whenever it came to his turn, and we never at this, or any other time, faw him afFefted by it. The boat's crew took the remainder when we had dined. In the afternoon, we >\ere again entertained with a play. On the 15th,. we had a fufficient proof of the ti- morous difpofition of thefe people. We rather won- dered that none oi them came to the (hips as ufual. We were afraid that as two men of the Adventure's crew (laid out all night, that the natives had flripped them, or done them fome other injury, and were afraid we Ihould revenge their conduft. We went alhore, and* found the neighbourhood nearly deferred. Pre- fently the two men made their appearance, and re- ported they had been very civilly treated. We could get no account of the caule of their flight, and could only learn from a few perfons who ventured near us, that fevcral were killed and wounded, and pointed to their bodies wercthe balls of the guns went in and out. Capt. Cook was very uncafy at this relation, fearing for the fafety of the people gone to Otaha. In order to get the bed information, the captain determined to go to the chief himfelf, whom, afiec much fear<;hing ~ ' ' ' , " " for. i 1 1 432 Captain Cook*s second Voyage for, he found ftated under the (hade of a houfe, with a great many people round him. There Was a great lamentation -js foon as Capt. Cook approached, the chief and all his company b'urfting into tears. After a. I this piece of work, it was found that the caufe of their alarm; was on account of oiir boats being abfent luppoflng that the people in them had deferred us' and that we fliould adopt violent rricthods to recover thent They were fatisfied, v/hen CaptainCook af- fured them that there was no caufe for alarni, and that the boats would certainly return. On the morning of the 16th, w6 paid the chief a vifit, who Was in his own houfe in perfedi tranquility. At this time Poreo left us^ C II A P. III. State of the ifland-— Cuftoms of the natives— Paffagc from Uliteato the Friendly ifles — Hervey*s Ifland dif- covered — Incidents at MiddleLvirgh — The two (hips arrive at Amfterdam — Incidents that happened during their (lay at that Ifland. ON the lyth of Sept. we determined to put to Tea, haying a good fupply of all kinds of refrefh- ments. Before we failed, Oreo and his fon paid us a vifit - Several can6es filled with fruit and hogs fur- lounded us ; of the latter we could receive no more, our decks being fo crouded with them that we could fcarcely move. In both (hips were about three hun- ' " dircd iiot/ND THE WCJRLD. *3i iired and fifty. Oreo and his friends did not leave us till we were under fail, and earneftly importuned us toi tell when we (hould return; Capt; Cook, as many yoiing men olTcied to come away with us^ took one on. board, about i8 years of age^ named Oedidee, a na-v tive of Bolobola. When we were out of the harbour and had made faili a canoe was obferved following us,, conduced by twd men ; whereupon we brought to,, and when along fide, they delivered to Capt. Cook., a. prefent of roalted fruit and roots, from Oreoi The captain after having made them a proper return, /fet fail to the. Weft, . with the Adventure in company-- We ftiall here give foiiie further account of thefe jflandsi fome things which are rather interefting having been omitted in the relation of daily tranfadliona and incidents. ' , r , . In the years 1767, iy69\ the ifland of Otahelte, as it were, fwarmcd with hogs and fo\yls ; but at. this time it was ill fupplied with thefe animals, that hardly any thing could tempt the owners to part with them : and the little ftock they had feemed to be at the difpo*. falof rheir kings.. When we lay at Oaiti-piha Bay, in the kingdom of ' Tirrabou, or leiTer Peninfula^ we were given to under- hand, that every hog and fowl belpnped to Waheatoua ; , and that all in the kingdom of Opbureonu^.or the gredter Peninfala, belonged to Otoo. While, at this ifland we only got 24 hogs in 1 7 days ; half of which came from the kings themfclves, atid the other half ive were inclined to think were fold us by their pernjiffion* , But with refpeifl to all the fruits produced in the ifland, with thefe we were abundantly fupplied, except breads fruit, which was not in feafon; Cocoa-nuts and plan^. tains we got the moft of ; the latter with a few v ims :. and other roots, fupplied the place of breads. . Gg W« il 434 Captain Cook's sbcond VoYAoa We attributed tho fcarcity of hogs to two caufes : firft to the grtat number of thefe animals which have been confumed, and carried away for flock, by the ihips that have touched here of late years : fccondly, to the frequent wars between the two kingdoms. Two we have known have commenced fmce the year 1 767 j but at prcfcnt peace reigns among th^em, though they do not feem to entertain a cordial friendlhip for each other. A-fter our departure, it was our intention to get into the lat. of the iflands of Middleburgh and Amfterdam, to which end^ on the 17th of Sept. we fleered to the wefl, inclining to the fouth, whh a view of getting clear oi the tra^s of former . navigators. We pro- ceeded at night with great circumfpeftion, frequently- laying to, left we fhould pafs any land unobferved. Oh the 2ifl, and the whole of the 22d, we had rain, thunder, lightning, a large fwell from the S. and the wind blew from the N. W. for feveral days ; a fign to us, that, in that dire£lion, no land was near us. This was difcovered from the mafl-hcad, on Thurfday the 23d, flretching from S. by W. to S, W. by S. We hauled up with the wind at S. E. and found it to con- ifift of two or three fmall iflots, united by breakers, as are mofl of the low ifles in the fea ; the whole being in a triangular form,* and about fix leagues in circuity This ifland is in lat. 19 deg. 18 min. S. a^d in 15B deg. 54 min^ W* long.. Each of the fmall conne^led ifles are cloathed with woody particularly of the cocoa-nut kind ; but we faw no traces of inhabitants, and had reafon to believe there were none. To thefe iflots we gave the name of Her- vey-s Ifland, in honour of Capt, Harvey of the navy, «nc.of the lords of the admiralty, and now earl of Brifiol. A% the landings on this iflp would have occa» ..- '" • fioDcd Round the 'World. 235 fioned a delay, we I'cfumcd our courfe to the weft, m which we faw fome men of war, tropic birds, and fly- ing fiiU On the 25th, we again began to ufe our fea bifcuit, the fruit being all confumcd ; but of frcQiporlc each man had every day a neceffary allowance. On the 29th, in latitude 2ji deg. 26 juin. S. we idtefed ^ur <;ourfe at noon W. half S^ - On the ift of Ojftober, at two o'clock P. M. we made the ifland of Middleburgh, and the iiext morning bore up for the weft fide thereof, paffing between the fame, and a.fmall iiland that lay of^it, where we found a cleai: channel two miles broad. After ruunping about two thirds of ita length, half a mile from the fipre, we ob- ferved it aifumed another afpeft, and offered; a, profpeft both of anchorage and landing. Upon this, wq plied in under tj>c ifland. We were now vifited by two canoes, which, came boldly along-fide of us, and feveralof the Indians entered the Refolut ion without hefitation ; which marl?; of confidence determined- us to vifit them if poffible. After making a few trips, we found good, anchorage, and come to in 25 fathoms water, at three, cables length, from the fhorc. We had fcarcely an- chored, when, wie were furrounded with Indians, fome io canoes, and fome fwimming, feveral came on board, and among them a chief, named Tioony, to whom Capt. Cook prefented ajiatchet, fpikcnails,. and other articles, with which he was highly pleafed*^ A party of our people, in company with Tioony, ^ went on fhore, who were conduced tO' a little creek ^ formed by the rocks, right ajsreafl of the fhips, where landing was very eafy, and the boats fccurc againftthc furf. Here we were faluted with lou4 acclamations^ by an immenfe croud of people, who (hewed the moft evident figns of pacific intentions, not one of them ha- . ving fo much as a flick, or any weapon in their hands. They ^^6 Captain Cook's second Voyage T^ -y thronged fo thick round the boats with cloth, inatting,&c. that it was fome time hefore we could mak;:; good our landing. Many of them, who could not get ticar the boats, threw over the others heads whole bales of cloth, and retired 'immediately, without either allving or waiting to giet any thing in return. At length the chief caufed them to open to the right and left,- and make room for us to land. We were then conduced lip to his houfe, which was fituated about 306 yards from the fea, at the end of a fine lawn, and under (bme ihaddock trees. In the front was the profpe£t o( the fca, and the Ihips at anchor. Plantations atiouhding ^ith the richeft produftions of nature, Were placed be'. hind, and oil each fide. ' We Were feited ori mats, laid on the floor, and the natives jplace4 them- selves m a circle roiind dn the outfide; Haying with us "bag-pipes, Capt. Cook ordered them to be played, and in return, the chief directed three young women to fing a fong, which they did with exceeding good' grace and a few preferits being diftributed kriidngthefe youn^ ivomen, fet all the reft in the circlhat, atb^^r laft arrlVaK yft hardly could underftand a word th^ people ibid. We thought proper to leave an offering, and there- 6>fe laid down upon the platfprm Toms medal?, rslWu, and other things, which our friend ioimediate^ty took up and put in his pocket. We could not conceTve hovr' they could cut (bch large iftones but of tN cor|l roeks» with which the waMs were made that inclo&cl the mo\ini^ Tome of them biiqg ten feet by four, and near fix inches thick. The mount, which, ftood in -a^leiiid of grove, was open only to view on that fide whichi frorted the green, and here iivc rocks met, moft of wtuQh appeared to th^ piiblic. Among ^ivarto^i treea tlmt comnored the groves, we found i»h$ 2t<^ Uee» of which are made dubs, and a fort of bw palni^ very CQmmoja in the northern fparts of Holland. : Tk^ place of worlhif, in th^ laogua^e of Anifterdatn, i^^ eallcd Atfia-tDu^ea. : ' 'f r- Oo our return to the water fide^:vfitufii^d«s^td^^d^ road leading into the country, about (iiftAen feet broaitv' and as level as a bowting-green, feve^at btli^ roads .interfe£led it, all inck)fed on each fidi with neat feed-^ fences, and (haded by fruit-trees. The country here- abouts is (urprfzingly fertiie,: tniorhuoh, that we might eaiUy hav9 imagined ourielvts in the.m(^ p|ea^ntl}lu« atton ihu £ucope could atlbrd. Here are various d^^ iightful walk vshd^iOi All kiQhof^iiQ»|liv'>ii^groii#if itta^ ii«. Hh '^'' Nature ■■■■f tr--— * ,;s::i- ■•<•■ -)-■■'. RRWIPI m^ 341 Captain Cook's SECOND VoTAot Nature affiftcd hf art ho 'vrhcre appears- to more advan- tage than in this fertile fpot. The roads, even the high public one, which was about fixteeii feet broad, occu- pied no more fpacc than was abfolutely ncceffary, nor did the boundaries and fences take up above four inches each, and in many places of thdc were planted ufcful trees and plants* On the 5th, early in the morning, the captain's friend Atta^go, brought him a hog and fome fruit, tor which, in return, he received a hatchet. The pinnace having been Jent on fhore to trade as ufual, foon returned, and we were informed that the natives in many refpefts, were exceeding troublefoine. The day before they had itole the boat's grapling, and at this time they were for tak- ing every thing out of the pinnace. It was therefore judged necefTary to have on more a guard, and accord- ingly the marines were ient, under the command of Lieut.. Fdgcumbe. On the 6th, our friend Attago vifited us again as ufual, brought with him a hog, and aiHfled us in pur- chafing many more. We went afterwards on (horcr vifited the old chief, with whom we ftayed till noOn, and returned on board to dinner, accompanied by Atta- go, who never one day left Capt. Cook. Being about to depart from this ifland, a prefent was made for the old ktng, and carried on (horc in the evening. Attago very ftrongly importuned us to call again at this ifle on our return, and requefted of the captain more than once, to bring him a fait of clothes like thofe he had on, which was his uniform.^ The ffipplies which wc procured from this ifland were about 150 pigs, doublethat number of .fowls; as many bananas, &c. as we could find room for, and, had we continued longer^ we might have had more than our wants Round tHE Wo r l d. ' 843 wants required. We wt re now about to depart, when in heaving the coafting cible, it broke, by being chaf- fed by the rocks j by x^hich accident wc loft nearly half the cable, together w ith the anchor, which lay in 40 fathoms water, without iny buoy to it; from whence ^jugment may be formed pt this anchorage. . About ten oN;lock P. M. we got under fail, but our decks being encumbered with fruit, fowls, &c. wc kept plying under the land till they were cleared. 4s to the natives of thefe iflands, both fexe» are pf a common fize with Europeans; but ^ith re- fpe^l; to complexion, their colour is that of a lightiih copper, and more uniformly fo than among thofe of Otaheite. and the Society ifles. Of our gentlemen^ fome thought thefc people were a much handfomer race ; otliers were o£ a contrary opmion. ' It is certain that they have in general regular. features, with a good fiiape : they arc alib a^ivc, briflc, and lively. The women arc efpecially. very merry and fociable, and would chat with us, without being invited^, or. if wo fccmed attentive, withoi^t confidcring whether wc un- derflood them or* not, ' They appeared in general' to be modcft : yet inftances of- thole of a difi[erent cha- rafter were not" wanting ; and having fonne venereal complaints, Capt. Cook took all poiTibic care, that the difordcr fliould not be communicated to them. ' When--, ever opportunity ferved) they difcovered a ftrong pro- penfity $0 pilfermg, and. in thf thbk labo^r as th^ir Qwn. Panics of tixj eight br teii people, would frcqU^cntly bring fruit down to the landing-place; bUt we alwa,ys &w on^ man of Wdman, fuperintidnd the fale of ^t Whole^ without whofe eotifeiit lio ekcbahges could be tnadc} and the t^iiigs they bartered for wire always/givcn them^ all which plainly &eWs they were ^e cwner^ 'and the 0diera onl^ their fcrvantl* i&: iii ROiUMD THIS W0ILL9. »4^ CHAP, rv, The RefoIuHrttt atid Adventure contintte Adr voyage from Amfterdafti-^Praceed for Queen Charlottc'Ji Sound— Ati intdryictf with tbe inhabitants— The final feparation of the two ftiips-sTTranfa^tions and inci- dents in Queen Charlotte*^ Sound — ^The inhabitants, difcovered to \tt tanttibal$— -The K.efoitjtion depart* from the Sound, and proceeds iq fearch after her confort— Courfe of the Refolution in fearch of the fuppofcd continent ; and the methods purfued to ex- plore the Southern Pacific Ocean — Arrives atEaftcr- ^fland, and tranfa^ions there, &c, ON the 7^h of O^ober, ^^n: tnade fail to the fcutb- ward, an4 pur route determined wa«, to make fori^een Charlotte's Sounds there to take m a fupply of wood and water-, ^nd then to proceed on farthet^^ difcoveries to thp S. aud E. We now after a fttflt hours calm, ftrctchcd with a S. W. wind to the S. E, but on l^inday the t<3th, it veered round to xheS. E, and £. S. £. upon which we refuined ourcourfe to thcr §,s.vr.; ■■■•■■ . . 0« the nil, at five o^^lock A, M. we made the kntl of Ne «r Zealand, extending from N. W. by N. to W, S. W. We now ftood in more till we were a-breaft lena about nine leagues, which \^ as the only view we liad of it. ' ■■■'^ ■ ;; ^' 'h''_ ' ■ On the 20th, hauling round the weft end of the iflandt we found a great f well, rolling in from the S. by which we knew we were clear of thefe low illands; and being iiot within fight of land^ made the bed of our wiay to jO^aheite, having a ftrong gale at E. attended with ihowers of rain.- On the 21ft, we made the high land of Otaheite i by fun-fet was in with Point Venus, and Jhe nejct morning, anchored in Matavai Bay, in feveii fathoms water. Our arrival was no fooher kno\yn to the natives, than they paid us a vifit, exprefled the inoft lively congratulations, and fupplied us with ti(l| and fruit Sufficient for all the crew. . . pn the ?4th, Otoo and other chiefs, with a train of littendants, brought us ten large hogs, belides fruit, which made their vifit exceedingly agreeable. As the Ring's coming had been announced to us, and knowing how much it was our intereft to keep this chief our ffiend, Capt Goolc met hinj at the tents, and conduced his retinue, with hitnfelf, on board, where they ftaid dinner, and appe^ed highly plcafcd with their recep^ tion. Next day, notwithftanding we had much thun^ der, lightning and rain, the king canie ^gain to fee us, and brought v.i^h him another prefent. When at Am- fteidam. we had colledled, among other curiofitics, ifome red parrot feathers. Thefe precious valuables procured us hqgs, fruit, ^nd every other thing the illand afforded. : On the 26th, Capt. Cook, accompanied by fome of the officers and gentlemen, went down to Oparree, to yifit Otoo by appointment. When arrived, we faw a large number of canoes in motion, but were much fur- pritcd at perceiving more than 300 ranged along ihore, all Round the World^ ^si all compleatly equipped and manned ; befides a vdfl: number of armed men en the (here. We landed m the midft of them^ and were received by a vaft multi- tude, fome under arms, and feme not. The cry of the former was Tiyono^ and Towha, and the latter Tiyo noOtoo. Towha, was admiral, or commander of the fleet. Upon our landing, we were met by a chief, named Tee, uncle to the king, of whom we enquired for Otoo. Soon after we were met by 'f owha, who received us^ifl a ftiendly manner. He took Capt. Gook by the one hand, and Tee by the other, and dragged them, as it were, through the crowd that was divided into two parties, both of which proclaimed themfelves his friends. One party wanted him to go to Otoo, and the other to remain with Towha. When come to the ufual place of audienc % Tee left us to go and bring the king. Towha inlifted on the captain's going with him, but would not confent. Tee being defirous of conducing the captain to the king; Towha oppofed, and he was obliged to defire Tee to defift, and to leave him to the admiral and his party, who condu£led hint to the fleet. t When wc came to the fleet, we told 1 60 large dou- ble canoes, equipped, manned, and armed. The chiefs and ail thofe on the fighting ilages, were habited in cloth, turbans, breaft-plates and helmets. Their veflels were full drelTed with flags, dreamers, &c. fo that the fleet made fuch a noble appearance, as -we had sever before feen in this fea, and what no one could have ex- petted. Their inftruments of war were clubs, Ipears^ and ftones. Wc counted exclufive of the veflels of war, 170 fail of fmaller double canoes, all rigged witlv mafl: and fail, which the war canoes had not. Thele we judged were defigned for tranfports, vi(5lual!ers, &c. for in the war canoes were no forts of provifions whatcvcc ' , -■ ^ 'We 4^6 Captain Cooit'a second VoyAoh Wa conje<3:iircd that in thcfe 330 vcflcls, there wefe Oto lte& than 7760 men, a number incredible, efpecially as\KC arctoU they all belonged to tlie diftridts of Atta- iiQuroii and Ahopa4:ea. Having viewed this fleet, it was our intention to have gene qn boards could we bave f«en the admiral At laft Tee came, by whom we -was Informed, that he was gone to Matavai. When Ve got to Matavai, ouf fiienda to!d us, that this fleet was part of the afmanaent . intended to go a'gainft ^.meo, ^hofe chief had thrown off the yoke of Otaheit«. ... •■.,■■ t , ■ • , Gn the >7t^, in the jnoming, Towlia fent ua by his fcnraots, two large hogs and fome fruit. The bearers of this pf cfent h^d or&rs not to tcccivc any thing in teturn,' noi- woijtd they whcin ofS^red them. Some of bur gcftriemcn went with the captaiij in his boat to Oparre, Wherd tvt foiihd Towha and tht king ; after a fliort tiiir, ht brdoght. them hqih qa boird, together with Tarcvato'o, :I;t^ king's younger brother. When - they drew near the (hip, the admiral, who had never feen one before^ expreffcd llrong figns of fatprizej and when on board, he was (hewed, and beheld every part ©f it with great attention. When ToiVha retired after dinner, he put a hog on board without our Icnowlcdge, or v/iiiting for a return ; and hon after Otoo axid hii attendants departed alfo. " - On the I ft of May, feveral chiefs fupplicd Toutaha. At this time Tee and Oedidce came ovk board, and aflured us, that the man who had ftolc the mufquetwas from Tiarabou; and that we might credit. their declaration, they defired us to fend a boat to Wa-^ hcatoua, the kingf of Tiarabou, offering to go them- felves in her, and recover the mufquet. This ftory, though not altogether fatisfaftory, carried with it an air of probability ;and thinking it better to drop the af- • fair altogether, the c iptain fufTered Mr. Poller's friend to depart with his canoes. * The captain then defired Tee to tell Otoo, that he fliould give himfelf no farther concern about the muf- qflet, being fatisfied none of his people had committed the theft, ' V/e had now given it up,, concluding it to be irrecoverably loft, but in the dull of the evening^ it was brought to the tents, together with other things wehad not miffed, by three men, who, as well as fom^ other people prefent, affirmed, that it was by one be- longing to Maritata, by whom th,e things had been flo- len J but we concluded both Tee and Oedidee had inten- tionally deceived us. On the 9th, Tee came again, aboard to inform us, that Otoo was at Oparree, and requefted of the cap- tain to fend a perfon, to let him underfland if he was ftill his friend. He was aflced why he did not do this himfelf, as he was defired ; he made a trifling excufe, but we thought he had not feen Otoo. As the natives brought not any thing to murket, and a flop was con- fequcntly put to our trade with them, it was judged* time ill fpent to fend any more fruitlefs meffages ; a party therefore fet out, with Tee in our company, and having reached the utmofl boundaries of Oparree, the king at laft, made his appearance. The firft falutations being over, and having taken . our ^6q Captain Gook*$ gEco|«iD Voyage plea has our feats under the fliade of feme trees, Qtoo dcfircd ^hc captain to fpcak. tje began with blaming the king' ' ifor giving way to grojindlcfs alarms, he having always profciTed hirafclf his friend, aiid was difpleafed only with thofc of Tiarabou, y/ho were the thieves. The captain was then aikcd, how he came to fire at the ca- noes ? By way of excufe^ he told him they "belonged to Maritata, one of thofe people had flolcn the raufquet, and added tlic captain, *' If I had them in my power," 1 would deftroy them, or any other belonging to the diflri£l of Tianib )u." We knew this declaration would )leafc them, from the natural avcrfion the one kingdom to thq other ; and it was enforced by prefeiits, which we believe were the llrongeft arguments in favour of a reconciliation; for after thefe weighty reafons, things were fooii reftored to the^r former flate, by 0«:oo*s promifihg, on the word of a king, that we Ihould be fupphcd next day \yith provifions and fruit a.i ufuah Peace and aRiity being now once tnorc eftablifhed. Ve accompanied him to his proper rcfidencc at Opar- ree, where he obliged us with a view of fbrae of his dock-yards, where wc faw" feveral large canoe:, ibme building, and others lately built, fome of which were the largell we had ever fecn. Having gratified our curiofity, we repaired on board with Tee in our company, who, after he had dined with us, went to acquaint Happi, the king'^ father, that all differences were brought to a happy conciufion, ' In the afternoon, Otoo himfelf brought \^3 a large fupply of provifions, and prcfently after, more fruit was brought us than we knew what to do with; for the natives, wc believe, thought themfelvcs injui-cd equally wth ourfclves; and we knew they had every thing jjeadv fgr our market, when they were permitted to Routed the Worj.d. ft6i t)nng them, Otoo dcfiring to fee fomc of our great guns fired, his wilh was complied ith, but the fight, being entirely ne\V, gave him as much pain as plca^ (urc; but in the evening, when we entertained him with a Ihew of fire-works, he exprciTcd mpch greater fatisfaifliou.' • ' .- — . On the nth, a large fupply of frpit came to mar* kct, and among the reft a prefeut from Tpwha, the iidmiral ; for which the captain made 4 fuitabic return. At this time all the ncceflary repairs of the fl^ip being nearly finilhed, it was refolved to leave Otahci^e in a few days; to this end every thing was ordered off from the fliore, that the natives might not fee we uere about t;o leave. And next day Obcrea whom we had not feen fmcc 1769, paid us a vifit, bringing with her hogs and fruit, Otoo alfo came foon after, with a number of attendants, and a large quantity of provifions. Capr. Cook wag very generous in his returns of prefents, and in the cveing entertained them with fire-works, thinking it might be the laft time we might fee thcfe friendly people, who had fo liberally relieved our wants. ' ' ' On the J3th, wc were tiot ready to fail, but the wind was favourable, and the wejither fair. Ojdidec was not yet returned from Attahourou, and various re* ports were circulated concerning him. Some faid he was at Matavai; others that he intended not to return v. ^ and there were thofe who affirmed he was at Opwree, "With a view of dilcovering the truth, a party of \xt repaired to Qparree, >vhere we found him. Towha was alfo here, who, notwithftanding he was afilifted with a fmelling in his feet and legs, neverthelcfs, re* (olved to fee the captain before he failed, and had ad^ vanced with this intent thus far on his journey. The day beiug fat fpcnr, we were obliged to Ihortcn our ''■'■' ' ftay^j I 1k6* Captain Cook's sicond Voyage ftay, and after having fcen 0:oo, we returned on board with Oedidee. ^ This youth, we found, was defirous of remaining at Otaheite ; the captain therefore told him he was at li- berty to remain there, or to quit us at Ulietea, cr go ■with us to England. That if the latter was his choice, he muft look upon him as his father, as it was very probable he would never return to his own country. Tl\p youth threw his arms about his neck, wept much, and faid, many of his friends perfuaded him to remain at Ocahcire. Oedidee was welt beloyed in the Ihip, on which account every one was perfuading him to go with us. On the 14th, early in the morning, Oedidee came on board, and Mr. Fofter prevailed upon him to go with us to Ulietea. Towha, Potatou, Oamo, Happi, Oberea, and many L.yie of our friends paid us a vilit. The wife of Towha was with him, this chief was hoifled in, and placed on a chair on the quarter deck. Among other prefents, v^e gave the admiral an Eng- lifli pendartr, which, after he had been infi:ru VoyagA to (lay out the €nt<5rtainment. At the cbncUifion of the piece, the girl's return to her friends was repre- fcnted ; and the reception (he rriet with Was not a fa- vourable one. It is very probable that this part of the comedy was defigned to deter others from going away Ivithus. On the: 1 8th, king Oree catiie and dined on board, ftnd the captain, at his dcfire^ ordered the great guns to be (hotted, and fired into th*; water, by way of a fa- hue at his arrival and departure : indeed he had by Oedidee given us to undcrftand, that he expelled the fame honours to be paid to him, as had been (hewn to the chiefs of Otaheite. A party of petty ofHccrs having obtained leaVe to amufc themfelves in the country, they took with them forae hatchets, nails, &c. in bags, which were carrieCl by two natives, who went with them as theii-' guides, Thefe fellows made off with the trufl: repofed in them, and artfully enough cTe^ed their efcape* The party had with them two mufquets ; and after it had rained fome time, the natives pointed out fome birds for them to ihoot. One of the guns went off, and the other miffed fire feveral times. At this inftant, when the fel- lows fiw themfelves fecure from both, thev took the opportunity to run away, and not or.e or the party, being all much furprifed, had prefence of mind enough to purfue them. On the if^^h a report was current, that the natives intended to rife and attack the (hip. The captain, though he did not think them ferious in fuch an at- tempt, yet was unwilling totally to difregard the in- timation : he therefore ordered twenty ftand of arms to be in readi nefs, in cafe any commotion (hould be obferved among themj but though the rumour in- creafcd treafcc be per king c handec Round the Wo r l rl. 2^5 treafcd throughout the day, yet no preparations could be perceived to countenance fuch a repoi-t ; and the king continued his vifits as ufual, never coming empty handed. ' - 4 • ■ ' • ■ ■ " '■■..''. ' • .«■ I , On the 2oth, the firfl: and fecond lieutenants, with one of the mates, being out on a lliooting party, they were befet by more than fitty of the natives, who firft took from them their arms, dnd then robbed theni of what articles they had carried with them to trade. . In the fcuffle the firfl: lieutenant loft the fkirt of his coat, and one of the other gentlemen received a feverc . blow. When the robbers had ftripped them of their merchandizes, they reftored to them their fowling pieces. Whjen this tranfadiion came to the knowledge of Capt. Cook, he went immediately With a boat's crew on fliore, and entered a lai-ge houfe wherein were two chiefs. This, with all their effefls he took poffeflioii of and remained there, till he heard that the gentle- men had got fafe on boards <^d had all their things re- fiored to them. Oedidee informed Us, Oree was fo much affe£l:ed with the relation of this, that he wept much. When on board, tve learnt from the officers themfclves, that a fmall infult on their part was the occafion of the affray ; but fome chiefs interfering, look the oflRcers out of the croud, and caufed every thing which had been taken from them to be refloredi On the 2ifi, we faw iipwards of fixty cjinoesi ^^^ of the people in them being Eareeoies, fleering for Uli- etea, and we heard they were going to vifit their bre- thren in the neighbouring iflands. It fecras thefe peo- ple have cuftoms among them pecuHar to rhemfelves ; and affift each other when neceflity requires : we may therefore call them the Free Mafons of Hiiaheine. This day Oree fcnt a meffage to Capt. Cook, defiring he would come on iliore, and bring twenty-two men £^umb. 12. LI with i li lis I I 2^ Captain Cook's SEceND Voyaob with him, in order to chaftifc the robbers. Oedidee brought with him twenty-two pieces of leaves to aflift his memory, a cuftom very common among thefc peo- ple. This mefTage feemed to be an extraordinary one, ard therefore the captain went to the chief for better information. Oree informed him that thefe fellows were a fct of banditti, who had formed themfelves in- to a body, and had refolved to rob all they met, for which purpofe they* were now aflembled and armed. Thefe robbers Oree wanted us to attack, the Captain feid they would fly to the mountains ; but he aiFured us to the contrary, and defired we would deltroy both them and their habitations, only fparing their canoes. This requeft feemed extraordinary, but the captain was refolved to comply with it in parr, left thefc fellows should make more head, and become formidable ; and alfo with a view of preventing the report from gaining ground in Ulietea, where we intended going, and we were apprchenfive aflbciations might be formed in like manner, and the people might treat us iu the fame way, or worfe, they tcing more numerous, Capt. Co'ok and his officers made ready to accompany Icing Oree in the expedition againft the robbers ; and Biaving ordered fifty marines with fome failors to be well armed, they landed near the place of the king, and having required him- to conduct them according to his promife, he very readily confented, and they all fee out together in very good order. The party increafed as we proceeded y and Oedrdee told us, that feveral of the banditti had joined us, with a view of decoying us into a place, where they might attack us to advantage. As we could place no confidence in any other perfon^ We took his advice, and proceeded with caution. We marched feveral miles, when Capt. Cook de- dared he would proceed no farther j bcfides, we were informed Round thb Worid, 9.67 informed that the men had fled to the mountainrs. At this time we were about to crofs a deep valley, w ith fteep rocks on each fide, where our retreat might have ]3cen rendered difficult, by «i few men affaulting us with ftones. Oedidee perfifted in his opinion j and we marcu*. ^d back in the fame order as we came. As we went along, w^e obferved feveral people com/- ing down the fides of the hills with clubs, which they immediately hid when they found we faw them. This was fome confirmation of Qedidee's fufpiciona ; but we could not pcrfuade ourfelves that the chief had any fuch intention, whatever might be the defigns of his people. In our return we halted in a convenient place, and wanting fome refrefliment they were immediately brought us, When we arrived at the landing place we difcharged' fcveral volleys, to convince the natives, that we could fupport a continual firej after which we returned on board, and the chief dined with us ; having brought with him a hog ready dreffed. After dinner we re-, ceived a great number of prefents as peace-offerings, Tv^o chiefs brought each of them a pig, a dog, and fome young plantain, trees, and with due ceremony prefented them fmgly to .the captain. Another brought a very hrgc hog, with which he had followed us to the fliip. A quantity of fruit was brought us by others j fo that we- were likely to make more by this little ex- curfion, than by all the prefents we had made them ; and the expedition had one good eSc^ at Icaft, for the people were convinced that mufquets were more terri> blc things than they atfirft imagined. We were promifed a larger fupply of hogs and fruit the next day ; but the chief were not fo good as his Wor.M We went ailiorc In the afternoon, and found a68 Captain Cook's second Voyaqe i^ ).i i him fitting down to dinner. The people ahout him immediately began chewing the pepper root j a cup of the juice was prefented to Capt. Cook, but he did not h^ke the method of brewing" it. Oedidee was not fo nice, and immediately fwallowed what the captain re- fufed. The chief wafli^d his moiith with cocoa-niu water after he had taken the juice of the pepper-root^ and ate a large quantity of plantain, repe, and mahee, and finiftied his dinner by' eating aYid drinking a com- pofition of plantains, bread-fruit, rtiahee, &c. of the confidence of a cuftard ; of this he took about three three pints. He dined in the open air, at the outfide of his houfe, and during dinner time a play was per- forming within the houfe, , , On the 23d we put to fea. The chief and Captain Cook took i.n aff.dlionate I'eaye of each other. When Orec heard tl it we never intended coming there any more, he faid, Let your fons come, ' ^e 'Vi'ill treat them well. We did not get a fufficient Aipply of hogs at this ifland, though they did 'not appear to be fcarce ; but we obtained more iruit than we well kndw what to do with. Our (lock in trade being nearly >-yhaufted, we found it neceifary to fet the fmiths to work, in making different forts of iron tools, that ati influence tnight be kept up at the other ifliinds, and to enable us to procure refrelhments. ,- , On the 24th, we anchored in Ulictea, and was vi- fited by Oreo the chief, who brought with him a h^nd. foinc prefent. A party of us went a(ho/e to make the chief a prefeftt, and as we entered his houfe we were met by five old women, who lanientcd very bitterly, and cut their faces in a fliocking manner. This was riot the word part of the flory, for we were Obliged to fubmit to their aimable embraces, and get ourfclves covered with blood. After this ceremony was^ over, ' ■ they ■ Round the World. 2$^ they waflied thcmfelves, and appeared as chcarful as any other perfon. • • On the 27th, Oreo paid us a vifit, in company with his wife, fon and daughter, and brought with thein a very handforae prefent of all kinds of refreftiments. We accompanied them on fliore after dinner, and were entertained with a play which concluded with the re- prefentation of a woman in labour, performed by y. fet of brawny fellows ; the child that was brought forth was at leaft fix feet high. As fooh as the child was de- livered, they preiTed his nofc, which feemed to indi- cate that they reallj take this piethod with all their children, wiiich occafions that flatnefs which their no- fcs generally have. On the 29th feveral things were flokn out of our boats, which lay at the buoy ; but on application to the chief, we had them all returned, except an iron tiller, and in lieu of that they brought us two large hogs. Oh the 30th, a party of us fet out for Oedi- dee's cflate, accompanied by the chief and his family. When we arrived there, we found that Ocdidee could not command any thing, though he had promifed us hogs and fruit in abundance ; they were now in polTef- iion of his brother. ' We had here an opportunity of feeing them kill and drefs a pig, which was done in the following manner : three men firft flrangled th ^ hog ; the hog was laid on his back, two men laid a flick acrofs l?is throat, preffing at each end, the third man (lufFed up his fundament with grafs, and held his hind legs. The hog was kept in this pofition for ten mi- nutes, before he was dead. An oven, which was clofc by, was heated. They laid the hog on the fire as fooa as he was dead, and finged off his hair ; he was then carried to the fca-fide and washed. The carcafc was then laid on clean green leaves, that it might be open- i ... . , . . g^ lit : 1 ; Mfp Captain CdoK's ibcokp Voaygb ed. They firft took out the lard, and laid it on a green leaf, the entrails were then taken out and carried away in a ba/ket ; the blood was put into a large leaf. The hog was then wafticd quite clean, and fevcral hot ftones were put into his body ; it was then placed in the oven on his belly, the lard and fat were put into a vtffel, with two or three hot ftones, and placed along-fide the hog } the blood was tied up in a leaf, with a hot ftone, and put into the oven ; they covered the whole with leaves, on which they placed the remainder of the hot ilones ; they afterwards threw a great deal of rubbifli id, and covered the whole with earth. A tabic was fprfcad with green leaves, while the hog was baking, which took up little more than two hours. We fat down at one end of the table, and the natives, who dined with us, at the other ; the fat and blood were placed before them, and the hog before us. We thought the pork exceeding good indeed, and every part of it ■was well done. The natives chiefly dined of the fat and Wood» and faid it was very good viftuals. The whole of this cookery was conduced with remarkable clean- linefs. This eflate of Oedidec was (mail, but very pieafant ; and the houfes formed a pretty village. Af- ter we had dined, we returned to the lliip. In our way we faw four wooden images, each two feet long. They. flood on a flielf, had a large piece of cloth round the middle, a turban on their headr, ftuck with cocks feathers. They told us thefe wer^ their fervants gods. On the 4th of June, the chief and his family came on board to take leave, bringing a handfome prcfent with them. We were very much importuned to return to this place ; when we told them we could not, their grief was bitter, and we believed ir to be real. They defircd Captain Cook to acquaint them with his burial place, and (aid they would be buried with him. A ftrong 1 Round the World. itji (Irong proof of affcftion and attachment. We left Ocdidec here, as we could not promife that more (hips would be fent from England to thofe iflands : he left us with infinite regret. Oedidee c id not leave us till we were out of the harbour, and ftaid to fire fome guns, it being his Majefty's birth day. This you;h was of a gentle, docile, humane dipofition, and would have been a better fpecimen of the uatives than Qmiah. T i 1 1 CHAP. VI. Departure of the Refolutlon from Ulietea— Incidents at Savage Ifland — ^Paffage from Savage Ifland to Rot- terdam — ^Tranfa^fcions at this place, and the infolence of the natives — An account of the people in Turtle Ifland- — ^Tranfa^ions while here, and ferocious beha- viour of the inhabitants — ^The Refolution continues her courfe from Port Sandwich — Steers in a direc- tion for Sandwich ifland, in order to difcover the Southern extremity of the Archipelago— Hoftile be- haviour of lUe natives of Sandwich Ifle— More new iflands difcovered. ON the 20th we difcovered land, and the inhabi- tants appearing upon the fhore 5 we equipped two boats, and as we approached, the inhabitants re- tired into the woods. When we landed, we took poft on a high rock to prevent a furprife, and the botanifmg party began collcfting plants, with which the country feemed 2/2 Captain Cook's second VoYAoi h iiti I wf; H |. i- .J feemed covered. Capt. Cook took two men with him and entered the woods, but on hearing the inhabitants approach, they returned. We made every friendly fign in our povver^ but were anfwered by menaces; and one of the natives threw a flone, which ftruck one of our party. "iTwo mufquets were fired indifcriniinately, and they all retreated into the woods. Having embarked, we .proceeded along the coaft: till we came to a place were four canoes la). Captain Cook and only four gentlemen with him went to look at the canoes. Very foon after the natives rufhed out of the wood upon us, and we endeavoured to no purpofe to bring them to a parly ; they threw their darts, and appeared very ferocious. We difcharged ibmc mufquets in the air, but this did not intimidate them, for they ftill threw darts and ftones. Captain Cook's mufquct miffed fire, otherwife he would cer- tainly. have killed the ring-leader of them. I'he men drawn upon the rock fired at fome who appeared on the heights, which allayed the ardour of our antago- nifts, and we had an opportunity to join the marines. We do not think any of the natives were hurt, but they all retreated into the woods ; and feeing we could make nothing of them, returned to the fliip. Capt. Cook named this place Savage Ifland, from the conduft and afpeft of the iflandersj its fituation is fouth latitude 19 deg. i min. weft longitude, 169 deg. 37 min. its form is circular, and is about 1 1 leagues in circumference. The country appears entirely covered with trees and flirubs. Nothing but coral rocks were to be feen along the fhore. We fteeredfor Rotterdam, and as we drew near it, fcveral canoes laden with fruit came along-fide of us, but we did not ihortcn fail. The people on. board them ouND THE World. 2?3 them wanted us much to go towards their coaft, tcHing us, as well as they were iible, we might fafely anchor there. We came to anchor on the north-fide of the iltand on the a')th. The inhabitants brought us great quantities of yams and haddocks, for which we gave them old rags and nails. We got a plentiful fupply of fruit and water, but it viras rather birackifli. Happen- ing to leave the furgeon on (hore, he got a canoe to bring him offj bat juft as he was getting into it, one of the natives fnatched away his mufquetand ran oiFwith it, after which no perfon would bring hint on board, irie certainly would have been dripped, had he not prefented a tooth-pick cafe to theiii, which they took for a little gun. Capt. Cook hearing of this tranfaftion, went on flibrci but the natives fled at his approach. A boat was fent afhore on the 28th for Tome water, when the people behaved in a rude and daring manner: it was with diificulty they got their water-calks filled, and into the boats again. The lieutenant who com- manded this party had his gun fnatched from him, and mod of the people had fomething or other taken away from them. This was the efFeS of ill timed lenity. Capt Gook lani'i palled a group of fmall iflands, which we called jhe Shepherd's Ifles, and difcerned people. iix every, one /)£^ thefe iflands i but there were no foundings, nea^.thenij^ at 180 fathoms. We found the fouthern lands to. .con*^ flft of one large ifland,.the extremities of which we.. could not fee. On the north iide of this e^ctenfive in^nd we faw three or four fmdiler ones. One of thef^ >H lu af^T Captain Cook's seconi> VqyAge T^e called Montague, another Hnchinbtoo'^y ^ncJ th^ largeflrSandwich iffland. Several peopje Came down a? we pafled Montague iljand,- and fcenled to ioyjie us in a frieftdty rrianner on Ihore/ As we could not ^ppr6a<;h it at this time, we fleered more to the weft, as there ap- peared a bay to run up in that quarter, >nd,Jk good Ihelter from the winds. But as this was not fo nfiuch pur objeif to difco'ver.the fouthfrn extremity of th(^ Archipelago, we fleered E. S. E. which \va& me direc- tion of Sandwich ifland./. . On the ill of Auguft, we gained the N. W- fide of the iflantl^'and faw (etreral inhabjtaQts^' -Aho invited ua a(horfe by' yarious figns. Here we fhoiitd have anchored, but the wind obliged us to alter our 4cfign.' Befidcs,' iVfc 'anted to e^p'ore the land to the S. E; therefore yanged ^long the coftft. As we contiivued bur couife, we law a liglit a head j and it being near evening* did notchufe to proceed any farther, but ftood o^ aftd qu all night. ' . ■ . . :". Oh the ^d, We ffent a bod^t on (horfe to get fome w6od if poffiBle, being itiuch in want of that article ; but our people could not lani^ on accbunt of a high furf of thefea; and they fa w not any natives on that part of the ifle. Having anchored' ill 17 fathoms water, under the N. AV. fide bf the head of the land, we faV fevcr^l j)fcopfe on the fliohc. Tome endeavoliring to fwim of to us J biitthey all retired when they perceived pur bostt appi^oac^ towards thtm. On the 14th, a party \^entout armed ti>.,*find a pro* per landing-place, and where we rnight gain a fupply pf wood and *tater. 'We gave tite inhabitants fomi rtiedals, &c. with Which the^ appeared much pleiifed,. snd dirtd^ed liis to a bay fit for bur purpofe. As we ^cnt along the Ihorc, their numbers iricrcafcd piodigi- R,OUNP THE WORLD^ 271 jfjudy. We tried feveral places to land, but did not approve of their fituation. , i^t length we canne to a tine fandy beach, where Capt. Coolt ftepped out with-* out wetting hia. foot. The inhabitants received him with great politenefs. One o^ theni, who appeared to hi a chief, liiade the natives form a femicircle round tlie head of the boat, and chaftifed fuch as attenipted to prevent it. Their behaviour was in every rerpe<5l a- greeabie, yet wc did not much lik« their appearance, iisthey were all arnjed with bows, ajrrows, fpcars, and (larts. On this account we kept a good look, out, and watched particulirly the motions ot the chief, who wanted us to haql the boat on fliore. He renewed his figns for tliij to be done, jfnd then held a conference with fome of the natives..' One cjrcumftance appeared rather fufpieious, he refufed fomc (pike nails that we qliered him. Capt. Cook innmedia^cly returned to ^ha boat, upon which they attempted by force ^o .detain us. Very fortunately the gang-board happened to be laid out fpr the captain to return into the boat j this fome of the natives unhooked from the ftern as jvc were putting off;: they hooked it to the head of the boat, and attempted to haul her on (hore. Some of them were daring enough to take the oj^rs out of the hands of our peo- ple. They in fome meafure delifted, on Capt Cook's prefenting a mufquet, bi]t went on again in an inftant, feemingly determined to haul the boat on (ho re, and to detain us. The chitf was at the head of this party, and others ^ood at a fmall diftance behind, with (tones, darts^ and other miOike weapons, ready to fupporc them.*^ Our own fafcty was now become our only con^ ^deration, for figns and threats had not the cfFe^ wc cxpeded. The captain therefore refolvcd to make the chief fufFer alone, a viftim to his own treachery.; but; at this critical moment his piece did not go off. This increafed their infolcnce, and they began to afTauk us with ftonc«, darts and arrows. We were now ordered ^■■\ ' ' ' - ' - . ■ ' XQ I>78 Captain Cook's second Voyaqb to fire. The firft difehargc threw them into confufion but- they were very rcljiftantly driven off the beach with the fecondf After thjs they continued a kind of Jbufli-fighting, by throwing ftones , from bejiind trees and fomctimes a dart or two, Fouj: oi thepii lay to all appearance dead on the ihorc, but two of them after- wards crawled in among the bulhes* X^^t they might .underftand the cffeft pf our great guns, we fir^^ a Tour- pound ihot at them, which, though it fell fiiort, terri- fied them fo much, that we faw no more of them. On the 5th of Anguft we weighed anchor, and got clear of the bay, and (leered for the fouth end of the ifland. We difcovered on the S. W. fide of the head, a pretty deep bay ; its fhorcs low, and the land ap- peared to be fertile, but being expofcd to the , S. E. ■winds, until better known, we thought the N, W. fide jprefcriiibie. ' ', At fun-fct we came In fight of an ifland, being high table land, being E. by S. and alfo difcovered another littl&iile, which we had paffcd in the night. We now fleered for the ifland, and difcovered a fmail inlet which had the appearance of a good harbour. Two armed }>oats, under the command of Lieut. Cooper, were fcnt off in order to found, while the Ihip flood on and off, to be ready to follow, or to afford any affiflance* that i^ight be required. We obferved a number of na* lives on the fhorc, alfo feveral canoes; and when our boats entered the harbour they launched fome, but came not near. At this time the Lieutenant made fig- nal for anchorage, and we flood in with the fhip. The wind having left us when we were within the en- trance. The boats were now ifent out to find a better '}r- choragc i *ia4 while wc were thus employed, xnao)t oi Round the "WoKLth 27# the natives came in pr rtics to the fea-fide dll armed, fome fwam off to us, others came in canoes. At firft they feemed afraid of us, and, kept at a diftancc, but by degrees waxed bplder, and at length came under our ftern, and made ibmc exchanges. Thofc in one of the firfl canoes threw towards us fome cocoa-huts. The captain went out in a boat, picked them up, and in return gave them feveral articles. Others were in- duced by this to come along-fide who oehaved in a moll infolent manner. They attempted to tear our flag from the ftaff, would have knocked the rings from the rudder, and we had no fooner thrown out the buoys of the boats than they got hold of them. We fired a few mufquets in the air, of which they took no notice, but a four pounder alarmed them fo much, that they quit- ted their canoes, and took to the water. But finding themfelves unhurt, they got again into their. canoes, flourifhed their weapons, hallooed in defiance, and went again to the buoys, but a few mufquetoon Ihot foon difperfcd them. They all retired in hafte to the (hore, and we f*t down to dinner unmolcfted. In the inter- val of thofe tranfaiSltons, an old man, who feemed to be amicably difpofed, came feveral times, in a fmall canoe between us and the (hore, bringing off each time cocoa- nuts and yams, for which he took in exchange whatever we offered him. Another was in the gangway when the great gun was fired, after which we could not prevail with him to ftay. In the evening we landed at the head of the harbour, with a party of men well armed. The natives made not the lead oppofition, though we had one body on our right, and another on our left, all armed. We diftributed among the old pedple lome prefents of cloth and medals, and filled two csifks with frelh water. We got in return plenty of cocoa-nuts, but could not prevail on them to part with their wea- pons, which they held conflantlv in a pofture of de- fence. The old ma^ was one ot thefe parties, but by his mmm 6^6 Captain Cook's s£coNi> VovAoi his behaviour we judged liim to be pacific. We thought . by their prcffing fo much, in fpite of all their endea- vours to keep them at a diftance, that little wouid be '" wanting to induce them to attack us ; but we re-embark- cd V€ry Ibon, and thus, probably, their fcheme was •difeoncerted. On the 6fli we brought the fliip as near the landings place as poffible, that we might overawe the natives, and cover the party on fliore, who were to get a fup- ply of wood and water, which we much wanted. While we were upon this bufinefs, we obferved the niv- fives affembliiig from all parts, all armed, to the amount of fome thoufands, v(rho formed themfelvcs into two ■diviiions, as they did the preceding evening, on e:ich fide the landing place. At intervals a canoe came oiii at times conduced by one, two or three mcn,^ bringing us t:ocoa*nuts, &c. for which they did iiot require any thing in return,' though we took care they ftiould always 'have fomcthing: but their principal intention feemed to be, to invite us afliore. The old tnan before men- tioned, came off to us fcveral times, a«d the captain with a view of making him underftand,„that he wanted to cftablifh a friendly intercourfe, took his weapons that were in the canoe^ and threw them overboard, and made him a prcfent of a piece of cloth. He under- ftood the meaning of this, for we faw him frequently in converfation with his countrymen^ to whom he made our requeft known, going firft to one party, then to another, nor did we afterwards fee him with his weapons, or. in a warlike manner. Soon aker a canoe, in which were three men, came under our ftern^ one of whom began to halloo, and feemingly made a joke of it. Having mobred the Ihip^ with her btoad-fide to the landing-place,' and fcarcely mufquet-fliot off, we planted our artillery in fuch a manner as to command the whole harbour, and then embarked with a party of feameri, fupportcd by the marines, and rowed to the landing-place, where the natives were drawn up in two divifions. The intermediate fpace between theiri was about 40 yards, in which were laid a fCw. plantains, three roots, and a yami We made figns for the divi- jlons to retire back, but to the thefe they paid not the lead regard, their number every moment was aug- mented, and, except three old men, not one unarmed^ VVc thought it better to. frighten them into a more peaceable behaViour, aiid therefore a mufquet was fired ovei* their heads, which for a minute had the defired effwft, but they foon returned to their daring behavi- our. The ihip was then ordered, by fighal, to fire a few great guns, which prefently difperfed them. We: landedi and' cut down fome trees j >yhich we put into our boats, and a few fmafl calks of Water, to let the Hiative* fee what we chiefly Wanted. Thus far matter* were pretty well fettled: we returned on board to din- ner, and they alt difpcrfed* • On the 7th, the natives began to affemble again'; with their weapons, as befbrc, but not in fuch num- bers: notwithflanding this, we landed in order to ged 'A lia Captain Cook's second Voyaos water, and cut wood. We found moft of the old peo. pie difpofcd to be our friends, but the younger being daring and infolent, obliged us to (land to our arms ; "but as foon as our people had filled their boats with wood and water, and embarked on board, they all re- tired in a peaceable manner. On the 1 3th, an old man came on board, (whofe name was Paowang) to dine with us. We took this Opportunity of (hewing him every part of the ftiip, and a variety of trading articles, hoping he might fee fomething that he liked, and fo a traffic be carried on with the natives for refre(hments. But Paowang ob- fcrved every thing with indifference, except a fand- bo?c, of which he took fome notice, and immediately Went aihore. On the i5th, preparations were made on board to "fet fail. This day one of the botanical party fhot a ipigeon, in the craw of which was a nutmeg. Mr. Forter endeavoured, without fuccefs to find the tree. ^During their flay on fhorc, they obfcrvcd in mofl of their lugar plantations deep holes dug, four feet deep, and five in diameter, which on enquiry, we found were defigned as traps to catch rats in. Thefe animals, fo dfcftruftrvc to fugar canes, are here in great plenty. Round the edge of thefe pits, as a decoy, and that the rats may be more liable to tumble in, the canes arc ^planted as thick as poffible. On the 16th, we found our tiller much damaged, and by negleft, we had not a fpaire one aboard. We knew of but one tree in* the neighbourhood that would do for our purpofe. The carpenter was fent afhore to •examine it, and upon his report a party of men were direfted to cut it down, after the confent of the na- 'tlves had jbeen obtained. They ^id not make the lead objeftioD, ROUHD THE Wo R h D. 48j, objc^Won, and our men went inftantly to work. Mucl\ time was ncccflary to cut it down, as the tree was^ large} and before they, had finifticd their work, word, was brought to the Captain, that our friend Paowang was not pleafed. Paowang wafi fent for, and our ne- celTity explained to him. Wc then made him a prefent of a piece of cloth and a dog, which readily obtained his confent, and the voices of thofe that were with him in our favour. Having thus obtained our point, we conduced our friend on bioard to dinner ; after which wc went with him afljorc, to pay ^ vifit to an old chief, who was faid to be the king of the iQand ; though as Paowang took little notice of him, we doubted the fa^. His pamc was Geogy.. He hajd 9 cbearful open counte- nance, tho' he >yas old, and had rou^d his waift a broad red and white chequered belt.. His fon was. with him, who could not be lefs than 50 years old. At this time a yaft concourfe of people w,ere affembled near the watering-place. The behaviour of many wasi friendly ; of others daring apd infolent; which we did not think prudent to re^nt, a^ our flay was nearly at; an end , , On the ifjth, we prepared for failing,, as the tiHer was finifhcd j but the wind being uniavourable, the guard and a party of men were fcnt alhore, to bring, off the remainder of the tree from which, vy^e had cut the tiller. The Captain went witlji, them, and found a nuniiberof the natives collcfted together near, the land- ing-place, among whom various articles were diftribu-. led. At the time our people were getting fome large logs into the boat, the centry prefented his piece at one of the natives, and, without the lead apparent qaufe £red at, and killed hun. A few of the iiatives had juH before adv^auccd within the limits, to fee what w^ >■, 1^84 Captaih Cook's scconD Voyacib . wc were about, but upon being ordered back, they readily obeyed. A fellow of the ccntry pretended, tjiat a man had laid his arrow acrofs his bow, fo thiit he apprehended Jiimfelf in danger j but this had been frequently done out of a bravado, to (hiew they were armed, and prepared equally with ourfelves* ' Gapt. Cook was highly cxafperated at this rafcal*s rafli con. d'uft; and mbft of the people ilLd with the utmoft pre- cipitation. The natives were thrown into fuch'con- fternation, that the]|r brought abundance of fruit, which they laid down at pUr faci. They all retired wheii we returned aboard to dinner, and only' a few appeared in the afternoon, among whom were Paowang and Wha-a-gou. . . On the 2oth, the wind wa^ favourable for getting out of ' harbour, we began to" unmoor, and having weighed, put to fca. The'Refolutlon being thb firfl: ^ fhip that evdr entered this harbour, Chpt. Cook named it Port Refolution. ^ "Its lat. is 19 deg. 3^ min. 25 fee. imd half fouth,' and in 169 deg.^ 44 min; 35 fee. eaft long. The landing* plate Is exceeding convenient for taking in wood and water, both of thefe necefTary ar- ticled being' ixcit theiliore. Qn the 23d, we came in fight of MallicoiJo. 'We were agreeably fuifprifed with the beauty of the foreft, from whence we faw fraoke afc^nd in various places', i plain iiidication of their being inhabited j the circumjacent land appeared fertile ahd populous, ' We bbftrved droop's of natives on fevers^ parts of the fliorc, and two canoes put off io us, but as we did not fliorten fail, they did npt over^ take the fhip. ^ " " . • - .. 1. On the 24th, we advanced nearly to the middle of the paflage, and the N. W. end of Mallicollo ex- tended from S. 30 deg. E. to S. 58 deg. We now ftected N. by E. then N. along the eaft coaft of the porthcrn land. At firft this coaft appeared continued; •"' '■•■ " "■ '"' ' " ' ' " but w -* i Round the Worlb. iBs die of o cx- now of the Qued; but but we found it was compofcd of feveral lov^ woody illes, mod of them ot fmall extent, except the fomhcr- moft, which was named St. Bartholomew. We conti- nued our courfe N. N. W. along a fine coaft covered with trees. On the 25th, at day-break, we were on tlie north fide of the iiland, and ftecred W. along the low land under it, for the bluff-head j beyond, which at iim-rife, we favy an eleVated coaft, ftretching to the N. as far as N. W. by W. Having doubled the head, we perceived the land to trend S. a little eafterly, and to form a large deep bay, bounded on the W. by the a- bovementioned coaft. At half paft four o'clock P. M. we were only two miles from the W, fliore, to "liich we had been drove by a N. E. fwell. Here v/e faw iarge bodies of the natives collefted together. Some ventured off in canoes; but they took fudden frighi at fomeihing, nor could all our fi^ns of friendftiip induce them to com*; along-fide. On the 26th, we were about eight miles from ihe head of the bay, that is terminated by a low beach ; behind which is an extenfiyc flat covered with wood, jlnd bounded on each fide by a ridge of mountains. We fouhd our lat. at noon to be 15 deg. 5 min. S. and and a one o-clock, having a breeze at N. by W. we fteered up to within two miles of the head of ihe bay. Mr. Coojper and Mr. Gilbert were fent out to reconnoi- tre, while we flood off and on with the Ihip. By this, time, and opportunity were afforded for three failing canoes ib come up, which had been following us. They would not come along-fide, but advanced nt:ar enough to receive fuch things as were thrown out ta them, fattened to a rope. On the return of the boats ^e were informed by Mr. Cooper and others, that they had landed at the head of the bay, near a fine ftream of frefli watfer. We fteered down the bay, being not in want of any things and the wind having ^lifted tp «3> tS* £•» 1 2M Captain Coox's sbcond Voyage S. S. E. Throughout the forepart of the night, on the wcft-lide of the (hore, the country was illuminated with fires, frrjtn the fea-fliore to the fummit of the mountains^ On Saturday the a7th, at day-break, we found our- felvcs two thirds down the bay, and at noon we were the length of the N. W. point, which bore N. 82 dcg. W. dillant five miles ; and by obfervation our latitude was 14 deg. 39 min. 30 fee. Sonie of our gentlemen were doubtful of this being the bay of St. Philip and St. Jago, becaufe no place anfweredto the port of Vera ' Cruz i but the captain gave very good reafons for a contrary opinion. A point is a very vague term, like many others in geography ; and what C^uiros calls the port of Vera Cruz, might be the whole haven or har- bour, or the anchorage at the head of the bay, which in fome places may extend farther off than where our boats landed. The river was probably one of thofe mentioned by Quiros, and, if we were not deceived, we faw the other. ' ■'*':* The bay is every where free from danger, and of an unfathomable depth, except near the fhorcs, which are for the moft part low. It hath fixty miles fea, coaft ; eighteen on each fide, which lies in the direction of S. lialf W. and N. half E. fix at the head ; and thirty-fix on the weft fide, the diredlions of which is S. by E, and N. by W. from the head 4own to two-thirds of its length, and then N. W. by N. to the N. W. point. The two points which form tne entrance of the bay, tre in the dire£lion of S, 53 deg. E. and N. 53 deg. W. diftant from each other thirty miles. The bay, as well as the fiat land at the head of it, is bounded by a ridge of hills : one to the weft is very high, and ex- tends the whole lergth of the ifland. Upon this ap^ pcared a luxurient vegetation wherever tlic eye turned. ... , . ■ ' ' "" Rich Round the Worjld. ift; Rich plantations adorned the fides of the hills, forefts reared their towering heads j and every valley was wa- tered with a running ftrcam ; but of all the produc- tions of nature the cocoa-nut trees were the moft con- fpicuous. On the 28th and 29th, we took every opportunity when the horizon was clear, to look out for more land, but none was (een; it is probable there is none nearer than Queen Charlotte's Sound. But qa the 30th, we plyed up the coafl with a fjrelh breeze. On the 31ft, we weathered the S. W. point of the ifland. The coaft which trends eaft, northerly, is low, and feemed to form fome creeks or coves ; and as we got farther into the paflage, we perceived fome Ipw ides lying along it, which feemed to extend behind St. Bartholomew's Jfland. Having now explored the whole Archipelago, the feafon of the year made it neceflary to return to the fouth j but we had yet fome time left to make obferyations on any land we might difcover between this and New Zealand; at which place the captain intended to touch, in order to recruit our ftoclc of wood and water, for another fouthern courfe. Tq this end, at five o'clock P. M. we tacked, and hauled to the fouthward, with a frelh gale at S. E. At this time the S. W. point of the ifland Tierra del Efpiritu Santo, bore north 821 deg. W. which Capt. Cook named Cape Li(burne. It lies inlat. 15 deg. 40 inin. and in' 165 deg. 5^ min. E. long. W^ CH AF. 28S( Captain CaoK*s sicoND Voyac?£ fi jf il G H A P. VII. New daledohiai difcovcred- — ^The Refolutioh is obliged - to depart from Caledonia — Continues hec voyage td New Zealand — She arrives at Queen Charlotte's Sound — An account of incidents while the fliip lay there. ON the I ft ot Sept. we were out of fight oi lancf, and no more v as to be fcen. We continued our courfc to the S. W. and on the 3d, found ourfclves in 19 deg. 49 min. and in 16$ deg. E. long. On the 4th we dilcovered laind, which at noon extended from S.S.E. to W. by S. diftant fix leagues. At five P. M. we were fi3i leagues off^ when we were flopped by a cailm. At this time the land extended from S. £. by S. to W*. by N. found by the S. W. but as fome openings were fcen in tfie W. could riot determine whether it was one connecJled land, or a; clufter of iflands. On the 5th, we obferved tlie coaft extended *o the S. E. of Cape Colnet, and round by the S. W. to N W. by W. We bore down to N. W. and caniie before an opening that had the appearance of a g6od channel. We dtlircd to enter it, in order to have an opportunity of obferving an eclipfe of the fun. We therefore fent out two armed boats to found the channel j and at the lUme time faw 12 large failing canoes near us. All the morning we had obferved them in motion, and coming off from different partsj but fome were lying on the reef, Round the World. 1289 reef, fifliing as we imagined. When we hoifted out our boat they were pretty near usj but upon feeing this, they returned, and our boats followed them* We now were convinced that what we had taken for openings in the coaft was low land, all connefted, ex- cept the weftern extremity, which, as we afterwards learnt, Was an ifland, called Balabea. The boats hav- ing made a fignal for a channel, we flood in with the iliip. The officer of the boats reported, that there wa§ good anchprage, and the natives civil and obliging* We proceeded up the bay, and at length anchored in five fathoms water* A gf eat number of the natives furrounded us before we got to anchor, in 18 canoes, without any fort of Weapons, and we prevailed uj)on one boat to come near enough to receive fome prclehts. In return, they tied two fi(h to the rope, as fix feet long, and differs from the common porpoife in the head and jaw, \\hich are long and pointed. This had 88 teeth in each jaw. It was firft foaked in water, then roafted, l^rpiled, ai^d fried. To us who had long fubfifted on 294 Captain Cook's second Voyage fait meat, it was more than palatable-, and we thought the haflet, and lean ile(h> a delicious feai):. On the loth we difcovered land. Capt. Cook called it Norfolk Ifland. We anchored here in 2Z fathoms water, on a bank of coral fand, mixed with broken ihells. After dinner a party of us embarked in the boats, and landed in the iiland behind fome large rocks. It was uninhabited, and we were undoubtedly theBffl: whoever fct foot upon it. We found here many fea and land fowl, of the fame kind as in New Zealand -. iikewife cabbage-palm, wood-forrel, fow-thiftle, and (amphirc. The cabbage trees were not thicker than a man's leg, and from iot0 2o feet high. The cabbage, each tree producing but one* is at the top, enclofed in the ftem. This vegetable is not only wholefome, but exceedingly palatable; and fome cxQellentfini we caught made a luxurious entertainment. On the nth we failed from Norfolk Hland, which we weathered, having ftretched up to S. S. W. We found the coaft bounded with rocky cliffs and banks of coral fand. On the fouth fide lie two ides, which ferve as roofting and breeding places, for white boobies, gulls, tern, &c. A bank of coral fand and (hells, fur- round the iile, and extends, efpecially fouthward, k-% ven leagues off. Our intention at this time was to re- frefli the crew, and repair the Ihip in Qyeen Charlotte's Sound. On the 1 8th, we made a trip to the north, and bore away for the found. We hauled round Point Jackfon, at nine A. M. and at eleven o'clock anchored before Ship Cove, tlie tide not permitting us to get in. Capt. Cook went alhore, and looked for the bottle, with the memorandum, which he left when laft here, but it was laken away by fome perfon or other. The fcine was hauled Round the World.' ^y; hauled twice, and only four (i(h caught : but feveral birds were (hot, and the nefts of Come ibags were rob« bed of their young ones. On the 19th, the (hip was warped into the cove, and moored. The fails were unbent, feveral of them hav- ing been much damaged in the late gale. The main and- fore courfes were condemned, and the top-mafts ftruck and unrigged. The forge was fet u|5, and tents ere£ted on (hore for the reception of a guard, &:c. Plenty of vegetables were gathered for the refre(hment of the crew, and boiled every morning with oatmeal and portable broth for breakfaft. From fome circum- {lances, as cutting down trees with faws and^xes, and a place found where an obfervatory had been fet up in our abfence, we had no doubt but the Adventure had been in this cove fince we left it. On the 24th, we faw canoes coming down the found, which, when the (hip was leen by the people, retired behind ft point on the weit-fide. After brcakfaft we went in fearch of them, and having fired at feveral birds, the report of our pieces gave notice of our being near, and they difcovered themfelves by hallowing to us in Shag Cove ; but when we landed, and drew near to their habitations, they all fled, except two or three ,men, who maintained their ground,, with their wea- pons in their hands. The moment we landed they knew us, and their fears fubdded. Thofe who had returned from the woods, embraced us over and over again; but the men would not fuffer fome women we faw at a diftance come near us. We a(ked them on what account they were afraid of U3, and alfo what was become of our old friends > To thefc queftions we got no fatisfadory anfwer *, but they talked much about killing, which was varioufly unddtood by us. Co 2^6 Captain Cook's seco:^d VoVage On the 26th, fome of the natives went to the tents, and told our -people, that a (hip like ours had lately been loft, that fome of the men landed at Vanna Aroa, on the other fide the ftrait ; that a difpute happened be- tween them and the natives ; that feveral of the latter were (hot; and that the natives got the better of them ■when they could fire no longer, and both killed and ate them. One of the relaiers of this llrange ftory^ faid it was 20 or 30 days ago j but another faid it was two moons fincc. The following day they told the fame ftory td others, ■which made the captain, and indeed all of us, very . uneary about xhi Adventure, but when the captain en- quired himfelf, and endeavoured to come at the truth of thefe reports, the very people who raifed them, de- nied every fyllable of what they had faid< and ieemed wholly ignorant, of the matter; fo that we began to think the whole relation had reference only to their ov/ u pcop'e and boats. On the 28ih, we again went on (hore, but found no appearance of the hogs and fows we had left behind. Having been a fliooting to the weft bay, in our return we got fome fifh from the natives for a few trifling prefents. As we came back, fome of the party thought they heard a pig fqueak in the woods. We (hot this day -a good many wild fowl and fmall birds. On the a lift, it was fomewhat remarkable that all the natives left us. On the I ft of Nov. we were vifited by a number of ftrangers, who came from up the found. The principal articles of trade they brought with them was green ftone, fome of which were the largeft pieces we had ever feen. On the 2d a large black fow was feen by the botanizing party, which we difcovercd to be the fame feoulib -i-iifi ^6 R L b. m iame that Capt* Furncaux ieft behind him. Suppofing itto be aboar, we carried over to Long Ifland a fow, but feeing our miftakc, we brought hef badk. This incident afforded us feme hopes, that this ifland in time will be (locked with fuch ufeful animals. Lieutenant Pickerfgill was told the fame ftory by one of the natives^ of a fliip having been loft, but the man declared, though many were killed, it was not by them* On the 6th, our friends fctuf liedj and took up theif abode near the tents. An old man named Pedero, made Capt. Cook a prefent of a ftaffttf honour, fuch as the chiefs carry ; and in return, the captain dreffed him up in a fuit of old cloaths, which made him very hap- py. He had a fine perfon, and his colour only diftjn*- guifhed him from a European. We enquired of him and his companions, if the Adventure had been there 4uring our abfence \ and they gave us to underftand that (he arrived a little time after our departure; that flie ftaid about twenty days> and had been gone ten moons ; aiid that neither ihc, nor any- other mip, had been ftranded on the coaft. This account made us eafy refpefting the Adventure. "This day we went with a fiumber of hands to catch the fow, and put her to the boar, but returned with* out feeing her. Pedero dined with us, partook hear- tily of every thing fet before him^nd drank more wine than any one at table, without being- in theleaft intox* icated. On the 8th, we put a boar^ a fow, and two pigs on Hiore, fo that we Jhope all our endeavours to ftock this country will not prove fruitlefs. We found a hen's egg a few days ago, and therefore believe, that fome of the cocks and hens we left here are ftili in be- ing* On the pth, we unmoored, and (hifted our flation * Pp farther i\ 2gB Captain Cook's second VovAck farther out the cove, for the more ready getting to fea J but at prcfcnt, the caulkers had not finiihed the fides of the (hip ; and we could not fail till this work Was completed. Our friends brought us a large fupply of fiflv, and in return, gave Pcdero a large empty oil jar, with which he feemcd highly delighted. We ne- vcr faw any of our prcfents after they received them, and cannot lay whether they gave them away, or what they did with them i but we obferved, every time we tifited them, they were as much in want of hatchets, , nails, &c. as if we had not beflowed any upon them. Notwithftanding thefc people are cannibals, they are of a good difpofition, and have not a little humanity. The head of each tribe, or family, is refpefted ; re- fpe a valuable acquifitio^ at ;his tin[ie. On the 24.th, two fporting parties went oyer one of the N. E. of the ifland above mentioned, which was named Goofe Ifland; and the other, accompanied by Capt. Cook, went by the S. W. fide. When under the ifland we had plenty of fport, having ifliot as many gcefe as ferved for a, Chriftmas-meal for our men, which proved much more agreeable to them than fait beef and pork. In the fouth of the ifland were a- bundancc of geefe, it being their moulting feafon, when mofl: of them come on fliore, and are not dif- pofed to fly. Our party got 62» and Mr. Pickerfgill, with his party 14. We were informed by our people on board, that a number of natives, in nine canoes, had been along-fide^ and fome of tliem in the fhip: they feemed well ac- quainted with Europeans, and had feveyal of their knives among them. On the 25th, being Chriflmas-day, we had another vifit from them. They are a diminutive, ugly, half- {larvcd, beardltfs race; almoft naked, being only flight- ly covered with a feal-fliin or two joined together, fo as to make a cloak, which reached to their knees ; but the greateft*part of them had but one fliin, which fcarcely covered their (houlders, and all their lower parts were quite naked. The women are clothed no better than the men, except that they cover their na- kednefs with a fcal-fliin flap. They are inured from , *" their ftouWDTHE World. 305 their inJFancy to cold and hardftiips, for we faw fomd young children at the breaft, entirely naked. They remained all the time in their canoes, having their bows and arrows with them, and harpoons, made of bone, with which they (trike and kill fifti. They all departed before dinner, nor did we be ieve any one invited them to partake of our Chriftmas cheer, >^hich confided of geefe, roaftand boiled, goofe- pye, &c. a treat little known to us ; and which was heightened by Madeira wine, the only article of our provifions that was mended by keeping. We called this place Chriftmas Sound, in honour of the day, and the joyful feftival we had celebrated here. On the t/th, every thing on (bore, was ordered on board. The weather being fine and pleafant, a party of us went round by the fouth-fide of Goofe-ifland, and picked up 31 of thefe birds. When we returned on board, we found all the work done, and the launch in, fo that we now only waited for a fair wind to put to fea. On the 28th, we failed from this found, with a light breeze at N. W. At noon Point Nativity, being the eaft part of the found, bore N. half W. diftant one league and a half. We fteered S. E. by E. and E. S. E. when we hauled to the S. for the fake of a view of St. Idenfonfo. At half paft five o'clock, we had a good light of the ifles. They are fituated about fix leagues from the main, in lat. 5$ deg. 53 min. S. and in 6^ deg. 41 min. W. long. • On the 30th, we were driven by the current to Sta- ten land j but a breeze fpringing up at N. N. W. wc ftood over for Succefs Bay. We hoifted our colours, and firing two guns, we perceived a fmoke rife out of I-,; m m '9H' m m ' .i ■ 304 Captain Cqctk's second VaVAcii of die woods, made by the nativfes above thefoutfi point of the bay. A party was fent into Succefs Bay^ in order to difcover if any traces of the Adventure weve to be feen there j but they returned without hav- ing found any. "UTien Mr. Pickerfgill landed^ - the natives recet^^ed him and his affociates with great courtefy. They were clothed in fcal-(kins, had bracelets on their arms, and appeared to be the fame kind of people we had feen in Chriftmas Sound. The bracelets were made of filler wire, wrought fomewhat like the hilt of afword, and no doubt, the workmanlhip of an European. Ac- cording to Mr. PickerfgilPs account, the bay was full of whales and feals, and we had obferved the fame in the ftrait, particularly on 'the Terra del Fuego frde, where the whales are exceeding numerous. On the 51 ft^ we bore up for the eaft end of Stateii Land. The v cather being hazy, who eould only now and then get fight of the coaft ; but as we advanced to the eall, fcveral iflands were feen of unequal extent. As we continued our courfe, we faw on one of the iflands a great number of feals and birds, a Arong temptation to our people who were in wantof frelh provifions ; and in hauling round it, we had a ftrong race of a current, hke unbroken water. At length, after fi(hing for the beft ground, caft anchor in 21 fa- thoms water> about a mile from the ifland. In the afternoon, a large party of us landed, fome to kill feals, and others birds or filb. The ifland was lb ftocked with the former, which made fuch a continual Jjleating, that we might have thought ourfelves in Ef- fex, or any other country where cows and calves are in abundance. Upon examination, we found thefe animals different from feals, ihough they relcmbled them Round the World. 305 them in Ihape and motion. The male having a great likcnefs to a lion, we called them on that account lions. We alfo found of the lame kind as the New Zealand feali, and thefe \ve named fea bears. We (hot fome of the large ones, not thinking it fafe to go near them ; tho* in general, they were fo tame, that we knocked fome down with our flicks. Here were a few gecfe and ducks, and abundance of penguins and fhags ; the latter. of which had young ones, almoft fledged, c^n- feqiiently juft to our tafte. In the evening our party returned, fufficiently laden with provifions ot various forts. , ;_!*/■ J ■ . '■ ' ■ On the I ft of Jan. 1775, Mr. Gilbert was fent out to Staten Land, in fearch of a good harbour, nothing more being wanting, in the opinion of the captain, to make this place a good port for Ihips to touch at for refrefhments. Another party went to bring on board the beafts we had killed the preceding day. The old lions and bears 'were good for nothing but their blub- bler, of which we made oil ; but the flcfh of the young ones we liked very well : even the flelh of the old lioneiTes was not much amifs 5 but that of the old males was abominable. This day Capt. Cook took an obfervation of the fun's meridian altitude (his height at noon) at the N. E. end of this ifland, which determined its latitude at 44 deg- 40 min. 5 fee. S. Having (hot a few geefe, fome other birds, and fupplied ourfelves plentifully with young Ihags, returned on board in the evening. About ten the party returned from Staten Land, where they found a good port, in the direftion of N. a little eafterly, from the N. E. end of the Eaflern ifland, and diftant three leagues to the weftward of Cape St. John. The marks whereby it may be known, (^q arc 3^6 Captain Cook's second Voyage are feme fmall iflands lying in the entrance. The chan- nel, which is on the caft-fide of thefe iflands, is half a mile broad. The courfe is in S. W. by S. turning gra- dually to W. by S. and W. The harbour is almoft two miles long, and near one broad. The bottom is a mixture of mud and fand, and hath in it from lo to 50 fathoms water. Here are fevcral ftreanxs of frelh water, with good wood for fuel. » On this ifland are an innumerable number of fea- gulls, the air was quite darkened with them, upon be- mg difturbed by our people : and when thev rofe up^ we were almofl: fuffocated with their dung, which they feemed to emit by way of defence ; and i^ ftuuk worfe tlian what is vulgarly called devil's dung. On the .3d, we weighed, and Hood for Cape Su John, which in the evening, bore N. by E. diftant four miles. This point being the eaftern pomt ofStaten . Land, is a rock of confiderable height, fituated in lat. ^^ deg. 46 min. S. and in 64 deg. 7 min. W. long, hav- ing a rocky iflot lymg clofe under the north point of it. To the weflward of the cape is an inlet, which feemed to communicate with the fea to the fomh ; and between this and the cape is a bay. Having doubled" the cape, we hauled up along thefouth coaft. At noon cape St. John bore N. 2q deg. E. diftant about three leagues; * cape St. Bartholomew, or the S. W. point of Staten Land, *S. 85 deg. W. two high detached rocks N. 80 deg. W. By obfervation our lat. was found to be 54 deg. $6 min. S. We now judged this land to h^ve been fufficiently explored ; but before we leave it,' think it aeceffary to make a few obfcrvations on this and its neighbouring iflands. The S. W. coaft of Terra del Fuego, with refpeft to iblets and iflands, may be compared to the coaft of Norwa) j I i I i m>mi |v .. Round the Won. l d. 30? Norway ; for we believe within the extent of three leagues there isan.inlct or harbour, which will receive and fhelter the firft rare fhips; but, till thefe are better known, every navigator muft fifti for anchorage ; adH to this, ;hcre are fevcral rocks on the coaft ; though as none lie far from land, the approach of them may be known by founding, if they cannot be feen ; fo that upon the whole, we cannot think this the dangerous coaft it has been reprefented by other voyagers. Statcn land is 30 miles in length, and near 1 2 broad. It furface confifts of craggy hills, touring up to a vaft height, efpecially near the weft end, and the coaft is rocky. The greatcft part of the hills, their fummits excepted, is covered with trees, ftirubs, and herbage. We cannot fay any thing, that navigators may depend on, concerning the tides and currents oil thefe coafts ; but we obferved that in Strait Le MaFre, the foutherly tide, or current, begins to aft at the new and fuH moon about four o'clock. It may alfo be of ufe to com- manders to remark, that if bound round Cape Horn to the W. and not in want of any thing to oblige them to put into port, we would advife them not to: come near land ; as by keeping out to fea, they would avoid the currents, which, we are convinced, lofe their force 1 2 leagues from land ; and at a greater diftance they would find none to impede their courfe. All the animals of this ifland live in perfeft harmony, and fcem careful not to difturb each other's tranquitity. ITie fea lions poffefs moft of the coaft j thej bears take up their quarters within the ille ; the fliags lodge in the higheft cliffs ; the penguins have their feparate abode where there is the moft eafy communication to and from the fea ; and the other birds have their places ot retirement j yet we have obferved them all, with mu- tual reconcilement, mix together, like domcftic cattle anc^ f> I m^ I 111 ■ ■ ■i 1; 1 'h 1; ■•b ■ 1 m 1 508 Captain Cook's second Voyaob and poultry in a farm yard : nay, wc have fccn the ea- gles and vultures fitting together among the fliags, on their hillocks, without the latter, cither young or old, being diflurbcd at their prefcnce. We left Staten Ifland on the 3d, and this 4ay being the 4ih, wc faw the land again ; and at fix o'clock in the afternoon, a heavy fquall came fo fuddenly upon us, that it carried away a top-gallant mail, a ftudding-fail boom, and a fore fludding-fail. This ended in a heavy ihower of rain ; and now fleered S. W. in order to difcover the gulph of Sebaftian, if fuch a coafl cxifted, in which that gulph has been reprefented, for of this Vre entertained a doubt : however, this appeared to be the beft courfe to clear it up, and to explore the fouthern part of this ocean, On the 6th, we were in lat. 58 dcg. 9 mln. S. and 53 ^^S* '4 ™^"' ^* ^^^ fituation nearly aSigned for the S. W. point of the gulph of St. Sebaftian ; but feeing no figns of land, were ftill doubtful of its exiftence ; and being alfo fearful, that by keeping to the S. might mifs the land faid to be difcovered by La Roche in 1675, and by the fhip Lion, in 1756 ; for thefe reafons we hauled to the N. in order tq get in to the parallel laid down by Dalrymplc as foon as poflible On the 7th, we were near midnight in the lat, of 56 deg. 4 min. S, long. 53 deg. 36 min. W, On the 13th, we ftood to the S. till noon, when find- ing ourfelves in lat. ^^ ^^S' 7 "^^"' ^^ ftretched to the N. Wc faw feveral penguins, and a fnow peterel, which we judged to denote the vicinity of ice. Wc found alfo the air much colder than we had felt it fince we left New Zealand. On the 14th, we difcovered land, in a manner wholly covered with fnow. We fpuudcd in 175 fathoms, muddy bottom. Qn the 15th the Round the World. 309 the wind blew in fqualls, attended with fnow and fleet, and we had a great fea to encounter^ At four we ftood to the; Si W, iindcr two courfes; but atmidmight the ftorm abated, (o that we could carry our top-fails dou- ble reefed. On the 1 6th, at four o'clock A. M. we ftood to the E. with a moderate breeze, and at eight faw the land extending from E. by N, to N. E. by N. It proved to be aniAand^ and we called it Willis's ifland, from the name of the perfon who firft clifcovered it from tlue maft-hcad. We bore, to it with a view of exploring the northern coaft ; and as we advanced perceived another ifle to the north, between that and the main. Obfer?- ing a clear paffage between both, we fteered for the fan^e, and in the midway found it to be two miles broad. Willises Ifle is in the lat. of 54 deg. S. and in 38 deg. 23 min. W.long. On the 17th, having got through the paHage, we obferved the north coaft trended E. by N. for about three leagues. We ranged the coaft till near night, at onejeague diftance, when on founding, we ibund fifty fathomS| and a muddy bottom. On the 17th, we made for the land. We now fteered along ftiore till feven, when feeing the appearance of an inlet, we hauled in fojT it. The captain, accompanied by Mr. Forfter and others, went off in a boat, to reconnoitre the bay* be- fore we ventured in with the fhip. They landed in three different places, difplayed our colours, and took, pofleflion of the country in his majefty's name. The b'»a of the bay was terminated by ice cliffs, of confl- derable height j pieces of which were continually breaking off, and made a noife hl^e a cannon. Nor were the interior parts of the country lefs horrible. The favage rocks raifed their lofty fummits till loft in the clouds, and valleys were covered with feemingly "~" \ perpetual V. jio Captain Cook's second Voyage perpetual fnow. Not a tree, nor a (hrub of any fize were to be feen. The only figns of vegetation were a Urong bladed grafs, growing in tufts, wild burnet, and a plant like rnofs feen on the rocks. Sea bears, or feah, were numerous; thelhores fwarincd with young cubs. . Here were alfo the largeft penguins we had yet feen. Some we brought aboard weighed thirty pounds. When the party returned aboard, they brought with them a quantity of feals and penguins ; not that we wanted provifions, but any kind of frelh meat was ac- ceptable to the crew ; and even Gapt. Cook acknow- ledged, that he was now, for the fir ft time, heartily tired of fait diet of every kind ; and that though the flefti of penguins could fcarcdy be compared to bul- locks liver, yet its being frefh was fufficieht to make it palatable. The captain named the bay he furvcyed, Pofleffion Bay ; though according to his account of it, vrc think it to be no appendage to his majefty's new pofleifions. On tHe i8th,we made fail to the caft, along thecoaft; the direftion of which from Cape BuUcr, is 73 deg. 30 rain. E. for the fpace of twelve leagues, toaprojeding point, which v/as named Cape Saunders^ Beyond this is a pretty large bay, which obtained the name of Cum- berland l?ay. At the bottom of this, as alfo in fonie fmaller ones, were vaft tradts of frozen ice or fnow, not yet broken lofe. But now juft paft Cumberland Bay, we hauled off ,ihc coaft, from whence we were diftant four miles. * On theaoih, we made fail to the S. W. round Coop- cf s iiland, which is one rock, confiderably high, about five miles in circuit, and one diftant from the main. Herd the main coaft takes a S, W; direction for five • leagues, £ . I ROUKD THE W R L D» i'f leagues, to a point which we called Cape Difappoint-^ ment, oiF which are three fmall iflcs. The mofi: ibuthern one is a league from the Cape, green, low, and flat. We now quitted this coaft, and diredled our courfe to the S. S. £. for the land we had feen the pre- ceding day. A (Irons gale overtook us, and we thought ourfelvcs very tortunate in having got clear of the land before this came on. On the 21(1, the (lorm was fucceeded by a thick fog,' attended with rain ; but having got a foutherly breeze, we ftood to the ea(t till three in the afternoon ; and then fleered north in feaiach 6f the land. On the szd,. we had thidk foggy weather ; but in the evening it iwas fo clear that we could fee two leagues round us, and thinkihg we might be to the eaft of the land, we. (leered we(t. , • On the 23d, a thick fog at fix o'clock, once more compelled us to haul the wind to the fouth ; but at eleven, we were favoured with a view of three of four rocky iflots, extending from S. £. to £. N. E. about one league diftant ^ and this, being the extent of our hori- zon, might be the rcafon we did not (ee the Sugar-loaf. We were well aflur^d,, this was the Jand we had feen before, and which we had now circumnavigated ; cpn- fiftingof only a few detached rocks, tHe receptacles for birds. They are fiituated in lat. t^S iieg. S. This in- terval of clear weather was fucceeded ty as thick a fog as ever, on which we ftpod to the N. Thus we were continually involved in thick mifts, and the (h?,gs, with frequent foundings, were our bed pilots j but on the 23d, weftood a few miles to the, north, when we got clear of the rocks, out of foundings, an4itaw not any (hags. ' • ' ' . ; ' ' ' • VV"ir^/,7 I CHAP. , 3ta CAPTAik Cook'« sico'nd Votaoi "9. ^' K'l JV/^ " 1 r /n, i 71.''V ... J ; C H A P. IX. X^c Refolution .continues hcif coutf(&-4^cwland and Saunders iiles difcovered — Conjedures, and foroe reafons that there may be land about the fouth pole^«- . The Refolution alters her cQurfe totheeaft — Procced- ' iags tilt heriirrtval at the Cape of Good Hope— Sails for the Jfle of Fayal, and returns tor England— Capt. Furneaux's narrative, from the time the Adventure was feparated from the Refolution, to her arrival in ' Eogland, including the report 0f Lieut.' Barnciy, con- rceiningthe untimely death of the boat's crew^ who ^ were murdered by.fotoe of. the natives ;of Queen Charlotte's Sound. ^ ,\u.\ ^N the 25th, we fteered E. S. E. We had a frelh ,^ ^le at N. N. E. but the weather ftill continued fo^jyj till towardiith^ evening, at which time it clear- ed u^. On the z^th, lye held on our coiirfe with a fine gale from the N. N. W. but atday-light, feci pg no land to the caft, and being in latitude 56 deg. 33 min S. and in*3i deg. 10 min. weft longuudc, we fteered to the fomh. I ; ' c I {► ..,.*■■ ^'Dn the ■27th, we had fo thick a fog,: th^t>^e could not fee a(ftip*s length. We expefted foon to fsfll in with the ice, and on this account, it being ho longer fafe to fail before the wind, we hauled to the eaft with a gentle ^le. When the fog cleared away, we refumed •- - " . , our m «■« ft oiJND THE World. 3»3 6itr courfe to the fouth ^ but it returned again, which obliged \xi to haul upon a wind ; and unlcfs we fooit difco/crcd feme certain figns of falling in with land, the captain determined to make this the limit of his voyage to the fouth. Indeed it woUld not have been prudent to have fqiiandercd away tinie in feekin:; farther to the fowth, when there was as great a probability of finding a large track of land near cape circumcifion. Defides it was an irkfomc tafk to traverfe in high fouthern lati- tudes, where nothing was to be difcovered but ice. At this time a long hollow fwell from the weft, indica- ted that no land was to be expelled in fuch a direction ; and upon the whole, we may venture to aiTert, that the cxtenfive coaft laid down by Mr. Dalrymple, and his Gulph of St. S^baftian, do not cxift. On the 28th, at eight o'clock, A. M. we ftood to the caft,' with a gentle breeze at north. ,The weather cleared away, and we perceived the fea ftrewed with large and fmall bodies of ice. Some whales, penguins, (now pctercls, and o- ther birds were feen. We had now furt-fliinc, but the j^ir was cold. At noon, by obfervation, we w^ere in 60 deg, 4 min, S. and in 29 deg; 23 rain. W. longitude; At half paft two o'clock, having cotinue^l out coarfe to the eaft, we fuddenly fell in with a Vaft number of lafge ice-iflands, and a fea ftrewed witft loofe ice,' and the wea- ther becoming hazy, made it dangerous to ftand in a- mong them'. We therefore tacked, and ftood back to the weft^ with the wind at north. We were now fur- rounded with ice-iflands, all nearly of an equal height,' with a flat furface ; but of various extent. , On Sunday the 19th, having little wind» we were O' bilged to traverfe in fuch courfes, as were moft likely to Carry us clear of them, fothat we hardly made any pro- grefs, one way or other, throughout the whole day; The weather was fair, but remarkably gloomy, and we Namb. 14. R r were 1 I SH Captain Cook's second Voyagb \verf, vifited by peiigums and whales in abundance. On tbe 30th, we tacked and ftood to the N» E. and al- jnofl throughout the day it was foggv, with cither fleet or fnow. At noon We vtcrc in- latitude 59^deg. 30 min. S. and in 29 deg.. 24 min. W. At two o'clock, paflrd one of the iargcft ice-iflands we had feen during our voyage ; and fometimc attcr two fmaller ones. On the 31ft We difcovered land a-heady diftant about one league. This land confifted of three rocky iflots of con- fiderable height. The outmoft tcTHiinated- ih' a lofty- peak, like a fugar-loaf, to which we gave the name of Freezland Peak, after the man who firlt difcovered it. The latitude is 59 deg. S. and 27 deg.W. longitude. To the call of this peak, was feen an elevated coaft„ whofe fnow-cap'd fummits were above the clouds. We flamed it Cape Briftol, in honour of the noble family of Hervey. Alfo in latitude 59 deg. 13 min. 30 fee. S. and in 2I7 deg. 45 min. W. another elevated coaft appeared in fighc, dillant from four to eight leagues. This lanS We called Southern Thule, becaufc the moft fouthern that has yet been dilcovered. Its furface rifes high, and is every where covered with fnow. There were thofe of our company, who thought they law land in the fpacc between Thule and Cape Briftol. We judged it more than probable that thcfe two lands are connefted, and the fpace is a deep bay, which, though thefe are mere fuppofitions, wis called Porfter's Bay. Being nor able to Weather Southern Thule, we tacked and ftood to the north, at one o'clock, and at four Freezland Peak was diftant four leagues. Soon after the wind fell, and We were left to the mercy of a great wefterly fwell, which fet right upon the Ihore ; but at eight o'clock, the weather clearing up, we faw Cape Briftol, which bore E. S. E. ending in a point ro the north, beyond which we could fee no land. Thus wc were relieved from the fear of being caft away by the fwelj, and caft' ©nthe moft horrible coaft ia the world. We continu- ed. ^Pl" Hound t h h World. 315 nee. ial- fleet min. alTcd our 1 the one ■con- lofty me of red it. itude. coafto . We nlly of S. and peared is land luthern Ih, and c tliofe ill the dged it ncfted, efe are ting nor [d ftood id Peak fell, and fwell, 'clock, L which ] beyond relieved md caft' :ontinu- cd. ,ed our courfe.to the north all night, with a light brefze at weft. On Wednefday the firft of February, at four o'clock in the morning, we had a view of a new coaft. At fix it bore north 60 deg. E. and being a high promontory, we named it Gape Montague, ir is fituated in latitude 5^ deg. 37 min. S. and in 26deg. 44 min. W. longitude^ eight leagues to the north of Briftol. We faw land in Several places between them, whence we concluded the whole might be connefted. ^7e wifli it had been in our po>ycr to have determined this with greater certain- ty, but prudence would not permit the attempt, nor to venture near a jcpaft the dangers of v^hich have been already fufEcientiy pointed out. One ice-ifland, amortg many others 01^ this coaft, particularly attrafted our no- tice. It was Ifcvel in furfacc, of great extent both in height and circuity and its fides were perpendicular, on which the waves of the fea had not made the leaft im- preflion. We thought it might liave<:ome out from fomc bay on the coaft. At noon by obfervation. w.e found v our latitude to he 58 deg. 25 min. In the afternoon, at two o'clock, when ftanding to the north we faw land, which bore north 25 deg. E. It extended from north 40 deg. to 52 deg. E. and it was imagined more lan4 lay beyond it to the eaft. On the 2nd, at fix o'clock A, M. having fteered to north during the night, land was difcovered, bearing north 12 deg. E. diftant 10 leagues. We faw two bum- mocks juft above the horizon* of which we foon» loft fight. We now ftood, having a frefti breeze at N. N. E. for the northermoft land we had feen the preceeding day, which, at this time, bore E. S. E. By ten o'clock we fetched in with it, b^t not having it in our power to weather the fame, we tacked at three miles from the coaft. This cjctcnded from E. by S, to S. E. and ap-r peare4 5i6 Captain Cook's second Voyage llii I'M peared to be an ifland of about lo leagues circuit. The furface was high, and its fummit loft in the clouds. Like all the neighbouring lands, it was covered with a iheet of fnoW and ice, except on a point on the nortli ifide, and on twb hill'* feeh over it, which probably were two iflands) Thefe were hot only clear of fiioMi^, but feemed covered with green turf.' We faw alfo large ice-iflands to the fouth, and otherf? to thcN. E.' 'At noon We tacked for the land again, in' order if poiTible to determine whether It was an iflaud ; but a thick fo? foon prevented the difcovery, bynlakihg'it unfafe to fland for the'fliore ; fo that having returned^ wfe lacked And ftood to N." W. xb make the land we had feen'in the morning. We left the other under the fuppofitidn'of it^ being an ifland," and named it Saunders Ifle, after Capt. Cook's honourable friend Sir Charles Saiinders. It lies in latitude 57deg. 49 min. S. ^and in 26 deg. 44 min. W. longitude, dillant 13 leagues from Gape Montague. The wind having ftiifted at fix o'clock, we ftdod to the north ; and at eight "tve faw Saunders Ifland, extending from S. E. by 8. to E. S. E. '■ We were ftill in doubt if it were an ifland, and could not at this time clear it up,as we found it neceflary to take a view of the land to the north, before we proceeded any further to tlie eaft. With this intent we flood to the north, and on the 3(1, at two 'o'clock A. M. we came in fight of thfc land \ve were fcarching after, Ts^iich proved to be two illcs. On account of the day on which they were 'difcovered, wc called thiem Candlemas Ifles. They lie in latitude 57 deg, 1 1 min. S. and in 27 deg. 6 min. W. longitude. J3etween thefe wc dbfervcd a ftnall rock : there may perhaps be othets ; f«r the weather being hazy dccafi- oned us to lofe light cf the iflands, and we did not fee them again till noon, at which time they were three or four leagues off. We now ftood to the N. E. and at jnid night came faddenly into water uncommonly white, ;^t which appearance the officer on w&tcli was fo much •■ • •' lUarmcd, Round the World. 3>7 44 mill, oniaguc. 3d to the xtendirig in doubt e clear it le iiind to rthe eaft. n the 3d, ; land Sve two illcs. covered, n latitude ongitude. ler'e may zy dccafi- d not fee three or E. and at \y white, fo much idarmcd, alarmed, that he immediately ordered the fliip to put a- bout, and we accordingly tacked inftantly. There were various opinions aboard concerning this matter ; prpba- bly it might be a'ftioal of fifli ; but Ibme faid it v/as a. ihoal of ice j and others thought it was Ihallow water, On Sunday the 4th, at noon by obfervation we found ourfelves in latitude ^6 dcg. 44 min. S. and in longitude 25 tleg. 33 min. W. - Mfe noy having a breeze at eaft, flood to the fouth, Intending to I'egain the coaft we had loft; but the wind at eight o'clock in the evening, ob- liged us to ftaiid to the eaft, in which rui] we faw many ice-iflands and foihe loofe ice. As the formation ofjce- iflands has not been fully inveftigated, wc will here of- fer a few hints and obferyzvtions refpefting them. We do not think as fome others do, that they arc formed by the water at the mouths of great catara£ls or large rivers, which, when accumulated, break off, owing to their ponderous weight ; becaufe we never foimd any of the ice, which we took up, in the leaft in* corporatedj'or connefted with the earth, which muft- neceffarily adhere to i^, were this conjecture true. Fur- thermore, we are not certain whether there are any rl- Vers in thcfe countries, as we faw neither rivers nor ftreams of frefh water there. The ice-iflands at leaft ih thofj partsi muft be formed from fnow and fleet con- folid;- ; i, which gather,^ by degrees, and are drifted froi if inountains. In winter, the feas or ice-cliffs mui: fill vp the bays, if they are ever Vo large. The continu il ^ill of fnow occafions the accumulation of ihefe cliffs, till they can fupport their weight no lopger, and large pieces break off from thefe ice-iflands. Wc fire inclined to believe, that thefe ice-cliffs, where they are (lieltered from the violence of the winds, cxtcn^ ^ gr^at way into the fca. ^ ' ■ • •• - On 3*8 Captain Cook's SECOND VoYAGB On the 5tli, having feen no penguhis, we thought that we were leaving land behind us, and that we hiid fsalTed its northern extremity. Qn the 6th, we held on our courfe till the 7 th atnoqn, when we found pur lati- tude to be 58 deg. 15 min. S. and Ion. 21 deg. 34 min. W. and not feeing any figns of liind, we concluded, tliat r^hat had been denominated Sandwich Land, was ci- tljier a group of iflands, or a point of the continent : for ^ Capt. Cook*s opinion, the ice that is fpread over this vafl: fouthern ocean, muft originate in a tr^ck of land, which he firmly believes lies ueax the pole, and extends farthefl to the north, oppofite the Southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; for ice being fo.und in thefe farther to the north, t;\i any where elfe, induced the captain to conclude, thj ^i of confiderable extent muft exift near the fouth. i. ^^on a contrary fuppofition it will follow, that we ought to fee ice every where UQder the fame paralel ; b\u few fliips have met with ice going round Cape Horn ; and for our part, we faw but little below the fixtieth degree of latitude in the Southern Pacific Ocean ; on the other hand in this fea, between the meridian of 40 d,eg. W. and fifty or fixty degrees eaft, we found ice as far north as 5 1 deg. Others have feen it in a much lower latitude. Let us now ftippofe there is a Southern Continent within the polar circle. The qucftion which readily occurs, will be. What end can be anfwered ii? difcovering or exploring fnch a coaft ? Or what ufe can the fame be either to na- vigation, geography, or any other fcience ? and what benefits can refult therefrom to a comuiercial ftate ? Confider for a moment, what thick fogs, fnow, ftorms, jntenfe cold, and every thing dangerous to navigation, mull be encountered with by every hardy adventurer j beliold the horrid afpeft of a country impenetrable by the animiitin,:; heat of the fun's rays j a country doomed to be immerfed in everlafling fnow. See the iflands and floats on the coaft, and the continual fails of the ice- cUffs Round the World, 3^ clifFs in the ports : tlicfe difficulties, which might be heightened by others lefs dangerous, are fufficieat to deter every one from the rafli attempts of proceeding farther to the fouth, than our expert and brave com- mander has done, in fearch of an unknown country, which when difcovered would anfwerno valuable pur- pofe whatever. By this time we had traX^erfcd the Southern Ocean, in fuch a manner, as to have no doubt in determining diat there is no continent, unlefs near the -pole, and out of the reach of navigation. We have made many new difcoveries, and afcertained the cxaft fituation of feveral old ones. Tlius was the end of our voyage fully an- fwered, a fouthern hemifphere fufficiently explored, and the neceffity of a fearch after a fouthern continent put an end to. We Ihould have proceeded to farther difcove- ries, but our captain thought it cruel to detain the peo- ple who failed with him any longer without the neceifa- ry refefhments, cfpecially, as their behaviour merited every indulgence ; for neither officers nor men ever once repined at any hardfliip, nor exprefled any uneafi- iiefs» or additional fear of danger, on account of out reparation from the Adventure. It was now high time to think of returning home ; and could we have con- tinued longer, we fliould have b(?en in great danger of the fcurvy breaking out among us, and we do not knov; any good purpofe farther difcoveries would have an- fwered : we therefore fleered for the Cape of Good Hope, intending to look for Bouvct*s difcoVery, Cape Clrcumcifiott, and the ifles of Denia and Marfcvecn. On Tuefday, the 7th, we refumed our courfe to ihc caft, and this day only three ice iflands were feen. At eight o'clock in the evening, we hauled the wind to the S. E. for the night. On the 8th at day-light, we conti- nued our courfe to the caft. In the afternoon paffcd three 320. Captain Cook's second VavAGE three let iflands. On the 9th we had a calm moft parf of the day ; the weather ftiir, except at times a fnow ihoWcr, Wefawfeveral ice iflands, but i^ot the lead intimation that could induce us to think that any land was near us. We Hood now to the north eaft with a breeze vsrhrch fprung up atS. E. On the ioth,we had ihowcrs of fleet and fnow ; the weather was piercing cold, iiifomuch that the water on the deck was frofen. The ice illands were continually in fight. On the nth, \7e continued to (leer eaft. In the morn- ing we had heavy Ihowers of fnow -, but as the day ad- vanced, we had clear and ferene weather. At noon we were in latitude 58 deg. 1 1 min. and in 7 deof. ^^ min. W. lonoitudc.- On the 12th, vVe had ice-ijlands conti- nually in fight, but moft of them Were fmall and breakr ing to pieces. On the 13th, we had a heavy fall of fnow ; but the flcy clearing up, we had a fair nighty and fo ftiarp a froft, that the water in all our vcillh on deck, was next rti-orning covered with a Iheet of ice. » On the 14th, we continued to fteer eaft, inclining to the north, and in the afternoon crofted the firft me- ridian, or that of Greenwich, in the latitude of ^y deg. 50 min. S. At eight p*clock we had a hard gale, at S. S. W. and a high fea from the fame c/iarter. On the 15th, we fteered E. N. E. till noon, when by obfervation, we were in latitude of 56 deg. 37 min. S. and in 4 deg. 1 1 min. E. longitude. We now failed N. E. with a view of getting into the latitude of Cape Circumcifion. We had fome largewice-iflands in fight, and the air was nearly as cold as the preceding day. The night was foggy, with fnow fli9wcrs, anj a fmart froft. On the 16th, we continued our courfe N. E. and at noon we obfer\'ed in latitude 55 deg. 26 min. E. Jongiiude, in which fituation we had a great fwcli • / ' > ' , ^OlJNt) THE WoRLEii* 321 '^■.'j fvvell. from the foiitli, but ho ice m fight. At one o'<;Iock ^c flood to the fouth eafl till fix, when we tacked, and flood to the north. At tjiis time we had a heavy- fall of fnoW and fleet, which fixed to the mads and rig- ging as it fell, and coated the whole mik ice. On the i/di, vVe had a great high fea from the foutli, and froni whence we concluded no land was near in that dire6U- en. On the i8th the weather was fair and clear.- WenoW kept a look out for Cape Circiimtifioin ;, for if the land had ever fo little extent in dircdion of N. and S. we could not mifs feeing it, as the northern point is fiiid to lie in 54 deg^ On the 19th, ateigbf o'clock in the morning, land appeared in the due<5ti(jai E. by S; but it proved ?i mere fog-bank. We noV? fleered eafl by fouth and S. E. till feven o'clock in thtj evenings when we wcrera latitude 54 de^. 43 raiq. .'6. and in 1.3 deg. 3 min. E. Ion. We now ftcwd to ^^IV^* haying, a very ftrong gale, attended ,with fnow iliowqrs. On monday, the 20th we tacked and.flret.ched to tjie N. E. and had a frefh gale attended with fiiov/ fliowers and fleet. A noon our latitude ■yvas 54 deg. 8 min. S. ion. 12 deg. 59 min. E. but had riot the ieafl fignof landw On the 2ifl, we WjCre 5 deg. to the eafl qf-tliie^longitudc , in which Cape GircumciAph is faid to liCi,ancl continued oiif C0;tirfe eafl, indinnig a Tittle to the fouth; till the 22d. Weih'ad now meafui-ca jEri the latititde l^id down for Bou^et*s land, thirteen degrees of longitude ; a courfe in which it is |iardly poffible vfre could iiave mif- fed it ; we therefore began to dotibt its exiftence ; and coricluficd. that whjvt^.plii? Frenchman hjafl fecn^ qopld be noihiiig^ more ^^ibap a.d.ec:epti'pn, or aji iflai^d of icie : Jbr aftei- ^.iiad^iftjiVfej^^ iUcsr* to 1% 'preieut tiiTie riot the lesifl v,(:{iig^.9i^.J^d HaQ ,be0 dff^^ We faw tis trUe,|f6rae icals^ijid penguitisybut tliefc % toJ)e,Ji9,ua4 in all pari&.ot thie fouttrem.ocfiaii, ancj • wc J Ui Ji'i Caftain Cook's second Voyage wc believe ihags,^ gannets, boobies, and men of war "birds, are the mift indubitable fignsthat denote the vi- cinity of lands, is th6y feldom go very far out to fea. Being at this time only two degrees of longitude from our rout to the fouth, wh^ii we took our departure from the Cape of Good Hope, it was in vain for us to con- tinue OUT courfe to the eaft, und^f (his pariallel ; but thinking we might have feen land fatther to the foutht for this reafon, and to clear up fonle doubts^ we fleered S. £. in order to get into the fituation in which it was fappofed to lie. On the 23d, frotri obfervations on feveral diflanccs of \ht fun and moon, we found ouf felves in the latitude of J5 deg. 25 min. S. and in 23 deg. tz min. E. longitude ; and hating htn over the track in which the land was fup^fcd to Ke, without feeing any, we now was well affured the i^ee i^ahds had deceived Mr. Bouvet ; as at times they hatt deteived tis. Daring the night the ^md had veered to N. W. Avhich enabled us to fleer tnorfe north ; for we had noW Uid afide all thoughts of feafching Farther iafter French difcoveties^ and were dfetcrmitted to direct our courfe far the Cape of Good Hope^ intending only by the way to look for the ifles of Denia, and Marfeveen, tvhich by Dr. Halley are laid down in the latittide of 4t deg. ^ min. and 4 deg E. longitude from the meridian of the Cape of Good Hope. On Friday the 25th, we ftetred il. B. and were at noon in latitude 52 deg. 52 min. S. longitude 26 deg. ^i min. E. This day we faw the lafl ice-illand. ^'' On Wedilcfcla:y the tfl of Marcjfi We Were in the lati- itrde 6f -46 deg. 44 min. S. and in 2^ deg.'3f0 iriin. W. longitude J and we tbok nbtice; th4't the whole time the wind blew regular arid conftantnortbetly,. which inclu- ided fevctal days, the weather w^S Alwsiys cloudy and ^ery bftzy *, but as foon as it came to the fouth of weft, . it Round the World. 3^3. it cleared up. We alfo obfervcd, that the barometer began to rife fevcral days before this change happened. On the 3d, in the afternoon, we had ici^ervals of clear weather, but at ni^t the wind blew a heavy fquall from S. W. whereby feveral of our fails were fpUt, and a middle ftay-favl was wholly loft. We were pow iu latitude 41 deg. 30 min S. longitude %6 deg|. 5^ min. E. We had not yet feen any figns of land, but a\ba- trofles, peterels, and other fea birds, were our dajly vi^ fitors. On the nth, the wind Ihifted futjdenly froni N. W. to S. W. which occafioned the mercury to fall a$, fuddenly from 62 to 52 deg. fo dift'erent was the ftate of the air between a northrly and foutherly wind. Pn Sunday, the 12th, fome albatroffes and pctetels weftiof,VHch proved an acceptable treat. This day we were nearly \x^ the Ctuation, in which the ifles of Denia arid Marieyeen are faid to lie, and not the lead hope of finding them remained. On the 1 3th, we ftood to N. N. W. khd at noon, bj obferyation, vjrere in lati- tude 38 de^. 51 Ti\\ti. $.' which was above thirty miles more than our log gave us ; to what this difference was owing, we could ftol iieterminc. The wa.tch alfo Ihewed that we h^d been fet to the ?aft. At this time we were two degrees north " of the parallel in which the ifles are laid down, but found not any encouragement to perfevere iii our endeavours to find theni. ' This muft have confumcd more time, we think, in a fruitlefs fearch ; and every one, all having been confined along time to ftale and fait provifions, was imj^atieht tp get into port. We therefore, in compliance witK the general \vi(h, refolved to make the beflrof our vir^ to the Cape of Good Hope. On Thurfday the 1 6th, at day-break, wedefcried in the N. W. quarter, ftanding' to the weftward, two fail, one of which (hewed Dutch colours. About this time, a quarrel arofe between three officers. ^24. Captain Cook's second Voyage olTicers, and the fhip's cooks, which was not reconciled without feiious confecjuences, Thofe three gentlemen, upon lo:"ne occafion or other, entered the cook-room with naked knives, and with oaths, unbecoming their charac^ter, fwore th^y would take away the lives of the firft who dared to affront ihem. It feer^is they had for- merly met with fom^ rebuffs for the much frequenting the cooks apartments, which bad hitherto paffed in a joke; bat now aregiriar complaint w us laid before the captain, of their unwarrantable behaviour, and of the danger the jnen were in of their lives ; into which com- plaint the captain was under the necefluy of. enquiring; and upon finding itjuft, of confiniug the offehders in irons. ' ' '• . ....;'. ..,.•,, 1 * While theylwere in this fituation, the articles of war being read, it was found that ttie oifence wasofTuchjt nature as hardly to be determined without a reference to a court martial, in order to which the two who ap- peared moft culpable, were continued prifoners upon parole, and the third was cleared. After this hufmefq had engroffed the captain's attention, he called thei (hip's company together, and after recounting the par- ticulars of the voyage, the hardOiips they had met with, the fatigues they had undergone, and the cheerfulnefs they had conftantly (hewn in the difcharge of their du- ty, he j^ave them to underftand, how much it Would flill recomnfiend them to the Lords of the Admiralty, if they would prefer ve a profound filence in the ports they had yet to pafs and might enter, with regard to the courfes, the difcoveriesthey had made, and every particular relating to this voyage i and fikewife after their return home, till they had their Lofdfhip's per- miffion to the contrjiry 5 requiring, at the fame time, all the officers who had kept journals to deliver them into his cuftody, to be fealed up, and not to be opened iilldeUyered'to their loxdfliips at the proper office. In '' ■ ■■ ■ '''■"' '■' " ■* ( ■"" ■ ,■.'■"" ih^ * Round the Wop.LD. 3*^ the mterim they were to be locked up fafely ina cheft. This requeft was cheerfully complied witH by every commillioned officer. - ' Q(\\ Friday, the 17th, we obferved at noon in the 1a- jtimde of 34 deg. 42 min. S. in the evening we faw land, about fix leagues diftantj in the dircdion ot E.N E. \ and there was a great fire or light upon it, throughout ' the fiift part of the night. On the 18th, at day-break, we fa.v, at the fame diftance, the land again, bearing H- N. W. /V^ ^^1"^^ o'clock, we lent out 9^ boat to get up with one of the two (hips before noticed \ we were fo delirous 6f hearing news, that we paid no attention to the diftance, thpugh the fliips were at lead two leagues from us. Soon aher we ftood to the fouth, a breeze fpringing up at weft. At this time three more fail were feen to windward, one of which Shewed En- glilh colours. The boat returned at one o'clock P. M. and our people in it had been on board a Putch India- man, coming home from Bengal; the fhip was tKeBown- kirk Polder, the Captain Correlius Bofch. The captain very politely made us a tender of fu gar, arrack, and of any thing th^t could be fpared out of the fhip. By fome Englifh mariners on board her, our people were informed, that our confort had arrived at the Cape of Good Hope twelve months ago ; adding that a boats trew had been murdered and eaten by the natives of New Zealand. Tliis intelligence fufficiently explained the myftcrious accounts we had received from our old friends, in Qiiecn Charlotte's Sound. On the 19th, at ten o'clock in the morning, the Englifh fhip bore down to us. She was the True Briton, Capt. Broadly, on her returti from China. A letter to the fecretary of the Admiralty was committed to the care of the cap- tain, who gencroufly fent us fiefh provifions, tea, and Other articles, lu thf afternoon the True Briton ftood ^26 Captain Cook's second Voyage ! put to (c and we in for land. At fix o'clock, we lacked y^iihin fivcmJiesof the (horc,diftant, as we conjeQured, about fix leagues from cape Aquila^. Onihe zoth, we ftood along fhore to the weft ; and on the 21 ft, at noon, the Table Mouatain, over the Cape Town, tore RE. by E. diftantten leagues. The next morning we an- chored in Table Bay ; with us, in our reckoning, it was Wednefday the 2 2d, but with the people here, lucfday ^he 21ft, wc havicig gained a day by running to the baft. In the bay wc found fliips of different nations, among which was an Englifh Eaft Indianian, froriiChina, bound direftly for. England ' In this fliip Capt. Cook fent a copy of his journal, together with fome charts and draw- jpgs to the Admiralty. We faluted the garrifon with thirteen guns, and the compliment was icturned with an equal number. We now heard the deplorable ftory pf the Adventure's boat's crew confirmed, with the ad- dition of a falfe report, concerning the lofs of a French ftiip upoji the fame ifland, with the total dcftruftion of . the captain and his crew, propagated no doubt, by the Adventure's people, to render an aft of favage barbari- ty, that would fcarcely iidmit of aggravation, ftill more horrible. Puf which gave us full fatisfaftion about this matter, dipt. Furneaux had left a letter for our commander, in which, he mentions the lofs of the boat and ten of his men, in Queen Charlotte?s Sound, The day after our arrival at this jfiiace, Capt. Cook, accompanied by our gentlemen, waitedonBaronPletten- berg, the" Dutch Governor, by whom', and his principal officers, they were treated with the greateft politenefs i and as ajt this place refrefliments of all kinds may "be procured in great abundance, we now, after the nume- rous fatigues of a long voyage began to tafte, anid en- joy the fweets of repofe. It is a cuftom here for all the officers to refide on fhore ; in compliance wiih which, the captain, the two Forfters, and Mr. Sparman took up their abode with Mr. Brandt, well known to our countrymen Round the W o r l t). P7 countrymen for his obliging rcadincfs to fcrVe thcmJ Our people on board were not neglc died j and being provided daily with frcfli baked bread, frelh meat, greens, wine, «c. they were foon rcftorcd to their ufual ftrength, and as foon forgot all pafl; hardihips and dangers. All hands were employed now to fuppfy all our de- fcfts, Almoft every thing except the (landing rigging was to be replaced anew j and it is well known the charges here for naval ftoi-es are moft exorbitant ; for the Dutch both at the Cape and batavia, take a fcan- dalous advantage of the diflrefs of foreigners. That our calks, rigging, fails, 8cc. fliould be in a fhatterc4 \\ condition, is eafily accounted for. In circumnaviga< ting the globe, we mean, from leaving this place to our return to it again, we had failed no lefs than fixty thoufand miles, equal nearly to three times the equa- torial circumference of the earth j but in all thi . run, which had been made in all latitudes, between 9 and M deg. we fprung neither low-mads nor top-mafts ; nor uroke fo much as a lower, or top -mad fliroud. At the Cape, the curiofity of all nations was excited, to learn tht fuccefs of our difcoveries, and in proportion to th€ earneftnefs of t' folicitatio.is, wherewith the common men were preiTed, by foreign inquifitors, they took care to gratify them with wonderful relations. Hence many ftranRc ftories were circulated abroad, be- fore it was known by the people at large at home, whe- ther the Refolution had perifhed at fea, or was upon her tetum to Europe*. K I' During our ftay here teveral foreign fliips put ia aiid went out, bound to an^ from India, namely, Engliib'^ French, Danes, and three Spaniih ilups, two going ta^ and one returning from Manilla. We believe it is but lat^ly^ that ^ihip? of this nation have touched here ^ and R^R ^P"PPWWrr^ \l H l\ J2f Captain (!Iook*s second VovAci and thcfe were the fii^ tc Aiorh were allowed the fame privi'lcgeS as other European flates. We now loft no time in patting all thmgs in readinefs to complete our toyagc ; but we were obliged to unhang our rndder; and were a Wb delayed for want of caulkers ; and it was abfolatfely neceflary to caulk the iliip before we put to fea. 011 the 26th of April, this work was finished, and having got on board a freili fiipply of provifions, and all neccfeiry flores, we took leave of the governor, and hi* principal officers. On the 27th, \ve went on boartl^ and fo on after, the Wind coming fair, we weigh- ed and put to fea; When under fail xs^e faluted the garrifon as is cnftorAary, , and they retlTrned the com- plement. When clear of the bay We parted company with (omt of the fliips who failed out with us : the Daiiiflidiip fteei-cd for t^he End Indies, the Spaniih fri- gate, fono, for llurope^ ahd we and the!Dutton India- Man, :for St. Helena. Depending on the goodnefs of Mr. KendalPs watch, "ive determined to attempt to make the ifland by a dircft courfe. The wind, in general, blew faint all the pa:ffage^ which m?ide it longer than coninion. -.'■./ -fcao.. )i!o"l »f June wc made the ifland, which had the appearance of feverai detached hills j the largeft of \yhich very muc' refera- bled the fteeple of a church. As we adva.. ^ and drew near it, we found the fea broke in a violent furf on fome funken rocks, which lay about a league froni the fhore. We ppw hoifted Englifh colours, and bore up round the north end pf the ifle, which is a group of little iflbts ; for we perceived plainly^ that the land was unconneifted and divided by najrow channels. On one of thefe, next the main, are ieveral flrong forts, ren- dered fo by the nature of their fituation, ^yhich i^s fuck as to command all the- anchoring and landing places^ about the ifland. We continued to fail round the north-^ cm point, till the fandy beaches, b'^fore which is the, yoad for Ihipping, and the forts were open to the wefl:- ward * — ^3* Ca?TAIN iCoOKfs SECOND VoyAG|! jW'jird of the faid point. As the RefoUitlon advanced, a gun was fired, and immediately the Portugueze colours >vere difplayed on all the forts.: but not intending to flop here, we fired a gun to the leeward, and flood away to the northward, -yvith a frefli breeze. The-hill which ap- pears like a church tower, bore S. 27 deg. W. 5 miles diflant; and fiom our pre lent point of view it appeared to lean, or over-hang to ti:e E. Fernando de Noronhi is in no part more than 6 leagues h: extent, and exhibits an unequal fnrface, well cloithed with wood and her- bage. Its latitude is 3 de^. 53 min. S. and its longi- tude carried on by the watch, from St. Helena, is 32 deg. 34 min, W,' Don iVntonio d'UUoi, in his ac- count of this ifland, fays, " that it hath 'cwo harbour$, capable of receiving fliips of the greateft burden ; one is on t'heHorth fi e, and the other' on ■ the N; W. ^ The formei" is, in every refpeO, the • principal, both for flicker and capacioufnefs, and the goodnefs of its bot- tom ; but both are expofed to the north and weft, though thefc winds, particularly the north, aire periodical, and of no long continuance. You atichor in.thc north har- bour (which Capt. Cook called a road) in thirteen fa- jhoms water, one third of a league from the (hore, bot- tom of fine fand ; the peaked hill bearing S. W. 3 deg. foutherly." This road, or (as Ulloa terms it) harbour', is very fecure for Ihipping, being fheltcred from the fouth and call winds, ^ On the nth, at three o'clock P. M. in long. 32 deg. 14 min. we crofled the line. We had fqually weather from the E. S. E. with fhowers of fain, which continued at times till the I2th, and on the 13th the wind became variabe. At noon we were in lat. 3 deg. 49 min. N. and in 31 dieg. 47 min. W. long. We had now for ^oft part of theday, dark gloomy weather, till the pening of the I5tb, at which time we were in lat. 5 deg. 47 rnin. N. and in 31 deg. W. lon^. Afterth\s ' ■ ....'""' " ...... ' ' / wg ^p"w«w^pinipp WW Royj^D THE WORJ-D. 333 we had three fucceflive calm days, in which we had fair weather, and rains ajternately ; and fometimes the iky vvas obfcured by denfc clouds, which broke in very hpavy flipwcrji of rain. On the 1 8th, we had a breeze at E. which fixed at'K. p. and we (Iretched to N. W. As we advanced to the Jvl. thfegale increafed. On theziftCapt. Cook ordered the ftili to be fet to work, with a view of making the greateft quantity poflible of frerti water. To try this experiment the ftill was fitted to the largeft copper we had, which held about 64 gallons of lalt water. At four o'clock, A. M. the fire was lighted, and at fix the ^ill began to run. The operation was continued till ' fix in the evening: at which time we had obtained 32 gallons of frefli water. At noon the next day, the mer- cury ift the thermometer was 84 and an half, as high as it is generally found to rife at fea. Had it been low- er, more yvater would have been procured; for it is well known, that the colder the air is, the cooler the ftill may \>t kept, " whereby the fleam will be condenfed fader.'. The invention upon the whole is a ufeful one, but it would not be prudent for a navigator to truft wholly to it ; tor tho' with plenty of fuel, and good coppers, as fnuch water may be obtained, as w ill be heceflary to fupport life, yet the utmoft efforts that can be employed in this work, will not procure a fufficicncy to fupport health, efpe'cially in hot climates, where frelh water is rnoft wanted j and in the opinion of Captain Cook, founde4 on experience, the beft judge of this matter, nothing can contribute more to the health of feamen, than their having plenty of (weet frefli water. On the 25th, we were in latitude 16 dcg. 12 min. N. and in 37 dcg. 20 min. W. longitude. Obfcrving i, ihip to windward, bearing down upon us, we ihortch- »• • , ■ • • . * • ed J34 Captain Cook's SECOND VoYAejB though fliips are allowed,, if they prefer many inconveniencics to a trifling cxpence, to water with their own boats. Frefii provifioBS may be got, and hogs, fiieep, and poul- try, for fca-ftock, at reafonable rates. The ftiecp are not only fmall, they are alfo very poor ; but the bul- locks and hogs are exceeding good. Here k plenty of wine to be had. Before we proceed with our own obfervatioiw, made during our abode at Fayal, it may be agreeable to our readers, to give them a brief account and dcfcription of all the Azores, or Weftern Iflands. Thtk have by different ( 33$ Captain Gook's fficoftt) VoYAoi' difFcrcnf geograplicrs, been varioufly deemed parts of ^America, Africa, and Europe, as they are almoft in jt central point ; but We apprehend they rtay with more propriety be confidered as belonging to the latter. They are a group of iflands, fituated' in the Atlantic ocean^ betwceen 25 and 32 deg. of W; long." and be- tween 37 and 40 N. lat. 900 .miles W. of Portugal, and as many eaft of Newfoundland. They are nine in number, viz. St. Taria, St. Miguel, or St. MichAcI, Terceira, St. George, Graciofa, Fayal, Pico, Flores; BTidCorvo. »Vj» tit * ■ ' * •».! I ■ - ■ . , . Thcfc iflands were firft difcovered by fome FlemifH fliips in 1439, and afterwards by the Portuguefe in 1447, to whom they now belong. The two weftern- moft were named Flores and Corvo, from the abun^ dance of flowers on the one, and crows on the other. They are all fertile, and fubjc^t to a governor-general,- "Who refided at Angra in Terceira, which is alfo the feat of the bifliop, whofe droceitfe extends over all the Azores. The income of the lattef. Which is paid inf wheat, amounts to afbovit 200I. ItcrHng per year. . On every ifland there is a deputy governor. Who direftit the police, militia, and revenue;' and a jilix 6r judge, is at the head of the law department, from whom lies ait appeal to a higher court at Terceira, and from thence to the fuprcme court at Lilbon. The natives of thefe iflands are very litigious. , . St. Miguel, the largeft, is too miles in circumference; contains about 29,000 inhabitants, and is very fertile iri wheat and flax. Its chief town is Panta dtl Gado. This ifland Was twice ravaged by the Englifli in the time of Queen Elizabeth. Terceira is reckoned the chief ifland, on account of hs having tl>e bell harliour ^ and 'm chief town, named ft OU N D THE yl7 O RLti 35f Angra, being the refu^ence of th6 governor-general and the bishop. The tow i contains a cathedral, five other churches, eight convenes, -ftveral courts of officers, &c. and is defended by tti/o forts. The ifland of Pico, to called from a mountain of ^aifl: height, produces excellent wine, cedar, and a valuable wood, called teixos. On the fouth of the ifland is the pmcipal harbour, called Villa das Lagehs. iThc inhabitants of Floi-es having been many years ago infcfted with the venereal difeafe by the crew of a Spanish man of war; that was wrecked upon their coaft,' the evil, it is faid, ftill mainitaifls its ground there, none of the inhabitants being free from it, as in Peru, and fome parts of Siberia. Travellers rfclate, that ■nopoifonousorvenommis ani- mal is to be found in the Azores, and that if carried. thither, it will expire in a few hours. One tenth of all their produftions belong to the king, and the' arti-^ cle of tobacco brings in a confiderable fum, The wine called Fayal wine^ is chiefly raifed in the ifland of Pico^ which lies oppofitt t6 Fayai. Troiti eighteen to twenty thousand pipes of that wiue are made ^tierc yearly. All of ihefe iflands enjoy a falubtious" air, but are expofed to violeilt earthquakes^ from which they have frequently fuffered. Villa de Horta, the chief toWn ift Fayd, like all thfc towns belonging to the Portugucfe, is crowed witfe fcligioHS buildings ; there being no Icfs in^ this little; tity, th'aii three convents for men, and two for women,' Here are alfo eight churches, including thofe belonging to the convents, atid that in the Jcfuits college. Thhf tollege is a noble ftru^ure, and feated on an el^atioii Numb. 15. U tt , at m 338 Captain Cook's Second Voyags in the pleafanteft part of the city. Since the expul- fion of that order, it has been fuffercd to go to decay, and, in a few years, by the all confuming hand of time, may be reduced to a heap of ruins. The principal produce of Fayal is wheat and Indian corn, with which the inhabitants fupply Pico, which in return fends them wine more than fufEcient for their confumption, great qnantities being annually (liipped from De Horta (for at Pico there is no road for (hipping) for America, whence it has obtained the name of Fayal wine. The villa de Horta is fituated at the bottom of a bay, clofe to the edge of the fea. It is defended by two caftles, one at each end of the town, and a ftone work extending along the fea ftiore from the one to the other. But thefe works ferve more for (hew than defence. Be- fore this villa, at the eafl end of the ifland, is the bay ot road of Fayal, which faces the weft end of Pico. It is a femi-circle, about two miles in diameter ; and its depth, or femi^diameter, is better than three fourths of a mile. Upon the whole, we by no liieans think this road of Fayal a bad one. We were informed, by a Portuguefe captain of the following particulars, which, if true, are not unworthy of notice* This Portugiiefe told us, that i«r the direftion of S. E« about half a league from the road, and in a line between that and. the ibuth fides of Pico, lies a concealed funken rock, covered with 22 fathoms water, and on which the fea breaks from the fouth. He alfo gave us to underftand, that of all the iboals about thefe iiles that are laid down in our charts, and pilot books, only one has any cxiftence, which lies between the iilands of St. Mary and St. Michael, called Hormingan. He further informed us, that ihe dif- tance between Fayal and the ifland of Flores, is turty- fivc kauges ; and that there runs that fome of% iicers in bothfl^p&reTorvttd their private journals, md certain, in^eniquft nneniorials, to gratify the curioliity' of. their friends. From fuch maieriala tbefe (heet& are compofed i nor have we had recourfeen made. We now fearched all along at the back of the beach, to fee if the cutter was there, but iuftead of her, the mod hor- rible fcene was prefented to our view that was ever beheld by any European ; for here lay the hearts, heads, an(J Jungs of feveral of our people, with hands and limbs, io a mangled condition, fome broiled and fome raw ; but no other parts of their bodies, w^ich made us fuf- pc6;, that the cannibals had fe^ed upon, and devoured the reft. . To complete this fliocking view of carnage and bar- barity, at SL little diilaace, we faw the dogs gnawing their intrails, ■If; ■i <' R OUN D THE vf O RLD< 3iJ^ I'ntrails. We obfcrved a large body of the natives col-i le(fted together on a hill about two miles off; but as night dre\V on a-pace, we could not advance to fuch a diP- tancc ; neither did we think it fafe to attack theffl,- or even to quit the fliore, to take an account o*f the num-' bcr killed, our troop being a Very fmall one, and the fa^ vages were both numerous and much irritated. While we remained almoft flupified on the fpot, Mr. Fannen fiiid, that he heard the cannibals affembling in the woods^ on which we returned to the boat, and having hauled alongfide the canoes, we demoliflied three of thcmi During this tranfafiion, the fire on the top of the hill difappearcd, and we could hear the favages in the woods at high words; quarreling perhaps, on account of thei^ different opinions, whether they ftiould attack us, and try to fave their canoes. They were armed with long lances, and weapons not unlike a ferjeant*s halbert in (hape, made of hard wood^ and mounted with bone inftcad of iron. We fufpcfted that the dead bodies of our people had been divided a- mong thofe different parties of cannibals, who had been concerned in the maffacre; and it was not tmpro*> bable, that the group tve faw at a diflance by the fir^ Were feafting upon forae of them, as thofe on fliorchad been, where the remains were found, before they had been difturbed by our unexpefted vifit: be that as it may, we could difcover no traces of more than four oiE" our friends bodies, nor could we find the place where the cutter was concealed. It now grew dark, on whicH^ account, we collected carefully the remains of out mangled friends, and putting off, made the beft of our way from this polluted place, not without a few cxccra^ tions beftowed on the blood-thirfty inhabitants. Whctl we opeticd the upper part of the Sound, we faw a very large fire about three or four miles higher up, which formed a complete oval* reaching froia the top of a hill 35a Captain Cook's Second Vo'tAOH hill down almoft to the water-fide ; the middle fpadfcte-' |ng inclofed all round by the fire, like a hedge. Mr. Burney and Mr. Fannen having confuhed together^ they were both of opinion, that we could, bv an at- tempt, reap no advantage than the poor fatisfadiion of killing more of the favages. ' ., . • ■ • • • • " • Upon leaving Grafs Cove, we had fired a volley fowards where we had heard the Indians talking; but by going in and out of the boat, our pieces had got Wet, and four of them miffed fire. What rendered our fitnation more crhical was, it begun to rain^ and our ammunition was more than half expended.' We, for thefe reafons, without fpcnding time where nothing could be hoped for but, revenge, proceeded for the iiiip, and ar^ivid lafe aboard about midnight. Such is the account of this tragical event j the poor "viftims were far enough out of heai rr, and in all pro- bability every man of them mud have been butchered on the fpoti It may be proper here to mention, that the whrle number of men in the cutter were ten, namely, Mr, Row, our firft mate, Mr. Woodhoufe, a midfliipman, Francis Murphy, quarter-mafter, James Scvilley, the captain's fcrvant, John Lavcnaughj and Thomas Mil- ton, belonging to the after-guard ;• William Facey, Thomas Hill, Michael Bell, and Edward Jones, fore? caftie men. Moft of thefe were the ftouteft and mofi healthy people in the Ihip, having been felefted from our bcft feamen. Mr. Burney 's party brought oil beard the head of the captain's fervant, with two handsj one belonging to Mr. Rowe, known by a hurt it had re- ceived ; and the other to Thomas Hl|!, being marked with T. H. as before mentioned. Thefe with other mangled remains, were inclofed in a hammock, and with the ufual ceremony obfcrvedoa board fliips, were , . committed ttoTjND THB World. 354 committed to the fca. Not any of their arttis were found ; nor any of their clothes, except fix ftioes^ no two of which were feliows, a frock4 and a pair of trowfers. We do not think this melancholy cataftrophe was the cfFe^ of a premeditated plan, formed by the fiivages i for two canoes came down, and continued ail the forenoon in Ship Cove, and thcfe Mr. Rowe met^ and bartered with thie natives for fome fifli. We arc rather inclined to belieVe, that the bloody trarifaftioii originated in a quarrel with fome of the Indians, which was decided on the fpot ; of^ our people rambling about too fecure, and incautious, the fairnefs of the op- portunity might tempt them to commit the bloody deed^ and what might encourage them was, they had found ontj that our guns were not infallible; they had feea them mifs fire, and they kneWj that when difcharged, they mull he loaded before they could again do any execution, which interval of time they could take proj per advantage of it. FronS fome circuniftances we con- eluded^ that after their fuccefs, there was a general meeting on the eaft fide of the found* We knov/ the hudians of Shag Cove were there, by a long fmgle ca- noe, which fome of our people with Mr. Rowe had feen before in Shag Cove* «. - After this (hocking affair, Wc Were detained fout days in the Sound by contrary winds, in which tmt \vc faw none of tTie inhabitants* It is a little remark- able, that Capt. Furneaux had been feveral times up Grafs Cove vith Capt. Cook, where they faw no in* habitants, and no other figns of any, but a few dc* ferted villages which appeared as if thy had not bccil occupied for many years j and yet, in Mr. Burncy's opinion, when ^ entered the fame cove, there could not belefs than fifteen hondred or two thoufand pebple* Had they been apprifed of his coming, we doubt not, they would have attacked him ; and feeing not ai Yy probarbility 354 Captain Cook's second VoVaob probability remained of any of our people being alive, from thcfc confiderations, we thought it would be imprudent to renew the fearch, and fend a boat up again. On Thurfday tltc 25d of December, wc departed from, and made fail out of the Sound, heartily vexed at the unavoidable delays we had experienced, fo con- trary to our fanguine wilhes. We flood to the caftward to clear the Straits, which we happily effcfted the fame evenings but we were baffled for two or three days with light winds before we could clear the coafl. In this in- terval of time, the chefts and effefts of the ten men Nyho had been murdered, were fold bef()re the mart, ac- cording to an old fea cuftom. We now (leered S.S.E. till we got into the latitude of 56 deg. S. At this time we had a great fwell from the fouthwafd, the winds .blew ilrong from S. W, the weather began to be very cold ; the fea made a continual breach over the ihip, which was low and deep laden, and by her continual ftriiining, very few of our feamen were dry either on deck or in bed. In the latitude of 58 deg. S. and in 213 deg. £. long, we fell in with fome ice, and (landing to the eaft, faw every day more or Icfs. We faw alfo the birds common in this va(l ocean, our only companions, and at times we met with a whale or porpoife> a feal or two, and a few penguinsr On the I oth of January, i774> we arrived a-brca(lof ;Cape Horn, in the^Jat of 61 deg. S. and in the run from .Cape Pallifer in New Zealand to this cape, we were lit- tle more than a month, which izi deg. ot long, in that fhort time. The winds were continually wefterly, with a great fea. Having opened feme calks of peas and flour, we found them very much damaged; for which reafon we thought it moft prudent to make for the Cape of Good Hope, inteoding firft to get into the lat. and long. Round the World. 355 long. -of Cape Circumcifion. When > the eaflward of Cape Horn, we found the winds came more from the north, and not fo flrong and frequent from the weft- ward, as ufual, which brought on thick foggy weather 5 fo that for feveral days together, we were not able to make an obfervation, the lun all the time not being vi- fiblc. This weather lafted above a month, in which time wc were among a great many iflands of ice, which kept us conftantl)^ on the look out, for fear of Vunning foul of them, Our people now began to complain of colds, and pains in their limbs, on account of which we hauled to the northward, making the latitude of 54 dcg. S. We then fteered to the eaft, with an in- tention of finding the land laid down by M. Bouvet. As we advanced to the eaft, the nights began to be dark, and the iflands of ice became niore numerous and dan- gerous^ On the 3.d of March, we were in the hit. of Bouvet'a difcovery, and half a league to eaft ward of it; but not perceiving the leaft fign, of land, cithex: now, or fince wc attained this parallel, we gavd-over a furth^j: fcarcl\ aiftcr it, and hauled away to th^ iior.4»Wardjt^ In our laft ti:a£^ to the Couth wafdv we were within a; fbw degrees of the longitude affigned fuc Bouvct's dif-. covery, and about three degrees to the fip^uthward ; \i therefore they (hould be any land thereabouts, it mufli be a very cohfiderable lOand \ or rather, we are inclined; to think, a mere deception from the ice ; for, in our £rft fetting out, we concluded we had made difco- ,Teries of land feveral times, which proved to be only high iflands of ice, at the back of large fields, which, M. Bouvet might eafily nuftake for land, efpeciaily aa it v^as thick foggy weathcrf '- " cs^. It« ttut,.-. '**»-' •■■Ak M- .- '»■ mm^m I. J ■ w. iw^»«p« 35^ Captain Cook's Second Voyage ■■■•'' ■, ■ ' , .■ '#• On the 17th, in the latitude 48 deg. 30 mm. S. arifd in 14 deg. 26 min. E. longitude, we faw two large iflands of ice, On the i8tb, we made the land of the Cape of Good Hope, and on the iptb, anchored in Ta- ble Bay. 'Here we found Commodore Sir Edvvaid Hughes, with his majefty's fhips Salilbury, and Sear Horfc. Wc falured the garrifon with thirteen guns, and the Commodore with an equal number ; the Tatter ictufned the full complement, and the former as ufua!, faluied us with two guns lefs. At this place Capt. Fur- ncaux left a letter for Capt. Cook ; and here we re- mained to refit the (hip, refrefti the people, Sec. Set. till the 1 6th of April, when wehoifted fail for England ; and on the 14th of July, to the great joy of all our failors^ anchored at 3pJthead. ' - , Froin a review of the whole, our readers muft fee, how much this nation is indebted to that able circum- navigator Capt. Cook. If they only compare the courfe the Refolution fleered, and the valuable difcovcrics Ihe made, with that purfued by th^ Adventure, afte^ ihe patted company, the contrail will be fufficlenUy Itriking. How rnctetorious mufi: alfo that perfon appear in our judgment, who hath not only difcovered, but purveyed vaft tra<5ls of new coafts ; who has difpelled the iruFion of a terra auft talis incognita, and fixed the bounds of the habitable earth, as well as thofe of the navigable ocean, in the fouthern hemifphere. No pro- pofition was eveir more dearly demonftrated, that there is no continent undifcovered in the fouthisrn hemifphere, between the equator and the 50th deg. of fouthern lut. in which fpace all who h^vc contended for its exiftencc have included, if not the whole, at lea ft the moll con- iikierable part, but at the fame time that we declare our- feUes thus clearly convinced of V le non cxiftence of a (Continent w ithtn the limits juft mentioned, ;ve cannot |ielD acknowledging our ready belief, that the iand our ' - ~ . navigatorii RquHD THE World* *57 iiifrigators have difcovcrcd to the S. E. of Staten-Land, is part of a continent, projediftg from the north in a narrow neck, and expanding to the fouthward and Iw eft ward, more pariicularly tojvards the eaft. In this belief we are ftrengthcned by the ftrong reprefentatioii of land Ceen at a diftance by our navigators, in lat. 7? deg. and 25Z deg. long, and by the report of Theodora iGerrards, who, after palfing the ftraits of Magellan, be* ing driven by tempefts inp the lat. of 64 deg. S. in that ' height came in fight of a mountainous country, covered with fnow, looking like Norway, and feenjingly ex- pending from E^ to VV. The fads and the obfervations made by Capt. Cook, corroborates each other ; and though they do not re- duce the queftion to an abfolute certainly, yecthe pro- bability is greatly in favour of the fuppofed difcovery. To conclude thefe reflexions, and to place the charadler of our judicious navigator in the moll llriking point of view, he performed a voyage of three years and eigh- teen days, with 118 men, throughout all the climates, from s^ ^eg. N. to 71 deg. S. with the lofs only of one man by ficknefs j and even this one began fo early to complain of a cough, and other confumpiive fymptoms, which had never left him, that his lur gs muft have been affedled befofe he came on board to go the voyage. D'd any, moft converfart in the bills of mortality, wnether in the moft healthful climate, and in the belt condition of life, ever find fo fmall a lill of deaths, among fuch a number of men with that fpace .? How agreeable then muft our furprife be, to find, by the iifliduity and unremitted exertions of a tingle Ikilful na- vigator, the air of the fea acquitted of all malignity, ^nd that a voyage round the word has been undertaken with 35* Cap T AIM Cook's sjbcono Voyaob \irithlers danger perhaps to health, than a common tour in Europe. Surely diftinguifhed merit is here confpicuous, though' praife and glory belongs to God only. May future navigators fpring out of this bright ex^ ample, not only to perpetuate his juftly acquired fame, l>ut to imitate his labours for the advancement of na- tural knowledge, the good of Cociety, and the true glory of Great Britain. I End of the Second VOYAGE^ • ^j«t-.. CAPTAIN i ■'J'-t, CAPTAIN CO OK s THIRD and laft VOYAGE, TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN and NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, « And performed under the dire^ion of Captains Cook, Clerke, and Gore, in his Majefty's fhips the Refolution and Difcovery, in the years 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, and 1780. k ill mmm 360 CAPfAiN Cooky's TriiRD VotAofA BOOK III. C H A P. i. Captain Cook's depairtnre from England-^Jiin^ion witfj the Difcovcry at the Cape of Good Hope — Paffage to Prince Edward's ifland: — Arrival at Van Dremen's* Land — Interview with the natives — Arrival at (Xieen Charlotte*? Somd^—Particulars of the horrid maflacre of the Adventure's boat's crew — Departure from , Queen Charlotte's Sound* CAPTAIN jaities Cook failed /rom Plymouth Sounds on the I Qth of July, i'^y6, in the Refolu- tion floop of war : He was accompanied by Omai, whofe .bcljavJour, on his departure^ was a mixture of r^^^ret . Md fatisfaftion. V^ hen the converfation tnriied on tiiofe who had honotrred him with their ptotc^ion and friend- iliip, during his flay in England^ he could hardly refrain from tears. But the inftant his o\^n iflands were men- iioned, his eyes fparklcd with joy* He Was deeply fen- .fibleof the good treatment he had met with here, and tad the higheit ideas of the country and people* But the iplcaftng profpeft he now had of returning h(8»'^.c# ' foUded with what, he well knevr, would be eftcemed in-* valuable treafures there, and the flatteringhopc which the pofilfllon of thefe gave him, of attaining to a dif- tingniflicd fuperiority among his countrymen, were con- fider'ations which operated, by degrees, to fupprcfs eve* ry uncafy fcnfation. On the 10th ofOflobcr^ arrived at the. Ca|ic «»f g«)od ilopc Here he was joined, on the loth of November, by Capt. Gierke, in iheDifco- vcry, who had not been permitted to fail after him till the ift of Auguft. In his paffage to the Cape, Captain Cook took care to guard againft the ill coufequenccs a- rifmg from the rains, and the clofe fultry weather ac-» companying them, by frequently purifying the air be- tweea 'it Hon witfj affnge to Dremen's at Queen maflacre re from I 'Jymouth 2 Refolu- x\, whofe [ on tfiofe id friend- ly refrain ere tnen- ;eply fen- icre, and >fe. Biit rg h^^^ kerned in-* 3C which to a dif- V ere con- •rcfs eve* i arrived wned, on lie Difco- r him till Captain ienccs a- ither ac" c air be- tween ^^Jm^ S x. '*«• .1 • f4 m. f' ..■,.«.(>*.', »e.£iSSE^I.M:gai0y££ii^<:^:^^ rtPi- ¥^^* A -itmiaBumiymm M.^'N\ < •■■■■'4 Ml Si**, c'-'i ■■ ■;.:•.■■, ' ,/,?, // ,■! . -^ J f ft H m f !/¥' ■ - "/* ■ ^^ ' ft d u U t> ickt W6ktbi i^ i^tectt deeks hf fkeitii Moke^ and otligi^f Se pedi itittadty their clettes at eircry bpportmiS^. By con- ^tly contit^uing to. obferve tbe4 precautions^ tj^chi Irere feuref d^k on' boaf d the H^&lutibn knd ^?ered »- ' 1772, by Captains Marion and Crozet, two F'tench na* vigatots. To the two firft Capt. Cook gave the naia^ of Prince Edward'^ Iflands, and.the latter he odieti M>l^. >.. rioU aiid Crozet's iflaUds; On the 24th he caitie i^ ^|i^ of foine high iflandis, which had be^ difcoveted td 1 77 1^ ^ by XefgUelett, i French Captain, who nained them a^ The northei-lftioft of thcfe, called BFigh's Ca^,, ts in lat^t T 4S dcg. 29 min. S. and long. 6$ deg. 40 min. E. They'' ' rcjit approached a defolate eoad calledKerguelea^sLaii^ ^* which that iiavigator thought to be a cctntineBt, hni. ' which Ca^t; Codk fo^nd to be an ifland. On ^e ^51^ he entered a fafe harbour^ ^hiclil fie caDed^riimS. ' harbour, tlere they found pleiity of iraia', but not^ bit of Wood, "fhe diore was covered' witK jiei^iii^^ andothcf birds, and Teals. The latter were ^dt nwaonim rous, butfo infehfLble to fear, that they jtilled as man^ of thetn as they |>leafed, fotthefakeof tlieir fk^rbls^ ber, to make oil for ihelr lamps' ahd .other iii^ @|^ the i^th, they left ti|is harbour, and ^^^^ug afeii^||Mtf (^oafl, to afceireaiA its pbiition andexteotitliet jUlmeitf ^ lilumb. 1$. Z» |§ .1 "•L ..M '«'ii ^/mmmm |52 Captain Cook.'8 third Voyaob cd fevcral promontories and bays, with a pcninfula, and a new harbour, to all which Capt. Cook gave names. On the .31ft, Capt. Cook left this coaft, fleering E. by N. and on the 24th of January 1777, faw Van Die- men's Land, which is the fouthern point of new Holland. On the 26th they anchored in Adventure Bay, where they were employed in procuring wood and water. On the 28th, th^y were agreeably furprifed with a vifit from fome of the natives, eight men and a boy. They ap- proached from the wopds with the greatefl confidence imaginable. One of them had a flick in his hand about two feet long, pointed at one end. They were quite tiaked, and wore no ornaments, unlefs we confider as Itich, fome large pundlures or ridges on different parts of theit bodies, fome in ftraight, anyever, he was always wide from his objeA. O- mai, to fhew them the fuperiority of our weapons, then fired his mufquet at it ; which alarmed them, fo much, ^hat they rs^n |nftantly into the woods. ' Notwiihftanding their confternation on this occafion, on the ,29th, about t>yenty of them, nien and boys, vifi- tcd the crew again. One of this party was confpicu- oully deformed ; and not more di(lingui(hable by the hump on his back, than by, the drollery of his geftures, and leeming humour of his fpeeches ; which were evi- dently exhibited for the entertainment of his ftrange vi-' fitors. His language, however, was wholly uriintelligi-*. ble, ■ ^ " - ♦ Some of this group wore, loofc, round" their necks^, three or four folds of fmall cords, made of the fur of- fome animal ; and others had a flip of the kangooroo^ ikin tied round their ancles. Capt. Cook gave to each; of them a ftring of beads and a medal, which they feem-. cd to receive with fatisfatl %9 \^ci\XQCQ{i qfoommv^ enterprise. ,-. ;. i - k ' J . i RouNO THI World. ¥is ijnd to the wl^olc body of the adventurers, without ad- vancing the prjvatc purpofe of the individual, or en- abling him' to gain the object oi his wifhes. I believe it has been generally found amongft uncivilized pccplct that where the women are eafy .of accefs, the fntn are the firH: to ofFc r them to grangers ; and that where thi^ is not the cafe, ntirhef the allurements of prefents, nor the opportunity of privacy, will be likely to have the dcfired effctJJ. This obfcrvatiop, I am fure, will hol^ good, through all tl^e parts of the SouthrS^a \vherc | nave beeut' To Capt, Cook's account of Van Diemen's Land, Mr. Anderfon, his furgeon, has added many particut lars refpe^ing its natural hiftory. Among its vegeia-f hie produ^ions, he could not find one that afforded the fmalicft fubfiftence for man. There are two kinds of foreft trees that arc quite unknown ;o Europe, The only animal of the quadruped kind, which he could get, was a fort of opoflum, about twice the fize of* large rat ^ and which is, niofl: probably, the male oC ^hat fpecics. It is of a duflcy colour above, tinged wiij^ a brown or f ufty caft, a^id whitifli below, Atout 4 third of its tail, towards jts top, is yvhite, and bare underneath ; by which it probably haijgs on the branch* es of the trees, a^ it clinibes thefc and lives on bcrries. Of the feathered r'^cc, the l )ft fmgular was a fmali bird, witji a pretty long tail, and part of the head and neck of a beautiful azure colour, whence they named it Motacilla Cyanea. WithrefpeAs to the inhabitants, Mr. Anderfo 1 (be, fides what Capt. Cook has already obferved) fays, that they poilcfs little aftivity j and that, as for genius, they (ecm to have lefs than even the half-animated natives of Tierra del Fuego, who have not invention fufficient to li^ake clothing to defvad thcmfclves from the rigour of the IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k A J 1.0 I.I 125 ■ 2.2 ■y -,. mai u lit u 1^12.8 |S0 '^^ 140 IL25 nil 1.4 J2.0 1.6 .%. <% "^^ ^/ fliotographic Sciences Corporation :j wist main sftiir WEMTr^^ti.N.Y. 14580 (71A) •73-4S03 '4» ^ <\ up mmmm 366 Captain Cook's THIRD Voyage their cliniate, though furniflied with the materials. The only thing in which they feemed to difplay con trivance, was the manner of cutting their arms and bo- dies, in lines of different lengths and direftions, raifcd considerably above the furface of the ikin ; for it is di- iicult to guefs the method they ufe, in this embroidery of their perfons. Their not expreffing that furprife, which one might have expefted, at feeing men fo un- Kke thcmfelvcs, and things to which they had been here- unto utter ftrangers, the indifference to, the prefents made to them, and general inattention, were fufficient proofs of thcir^not pofTcfrmg any acutenefs of uuderr Mauding — What the ancient poet^ feigned of fauns latyrs, living 'm ^lo^low trees is here realized. Many of their largcfl trees were converted into more com- fortable habitations than the wretched conftruftion of flicks mentioned before^ Thefe had their trunks hoU lowed out by fire, to the height of fix or feven fieetj^ a^d that they take up their abode in them {bme times Was evident from the hearths, made of clay, to con- fine the fire in -the middle, leaving room for four or five perfons to fit round it. At the fame time, thefe places of fheher are durable ; for they take care to, leave. one fide of the tree found, which is fufficient to, keep it growing as luxuriantly as thofe» which remain untouched. In the morning of the 50th of January, a light breeze fpringing up at W. both fhips put to fca. Soon after the wind veered to the fouthward, and increafed to a perfeft ftorm. Its fury abated in the evening^ when it veered to E, and N. E. ^ This gale was indicated by the barometer : for the wind nctfooner began, to blow, than the mercury in ihfi ^V^^^^^^ ^^ ^'^^^' ^^^^^^^ remarkable thing at^ ^js^led-J&itoming o^ of this windy which was very ■•"^■'\ '"'■■' ■■^"^' ' "'". faint Round t h e W o r l fy. ^(^ ^ faifAt at firft; It brought with it a degree oi heat that was almoft intolerable. The mercury irt the therntKl- meter rofe as it were Vnftantaneoufly, from about 70 to GO deg. This heat was of fo (hort a continuance, that It Teemed to be wafted away before the breeze that brought it -, fo that fome on board did not perceive it. On the loth of February, they .difcovered the land of New Zealand ; and, on the izth, anchored at their old ftation in Queen Chailotte's Sound. Here they were fully employed till the 25th, in procuring wood, water, and grafs for their cattle; in brewing fpruce beer, as a prefervative from the fcurvy ; and in making the ncceflary obfervations to find the rate of the time- keeper, &c. &c. The natives came along-fide the (hip in canoes, bat (hewed great reluftance, when requefted to come on board. Captain Cook imputed this behaviour to their being apprehenfive, that he had revifited their country^ in order to revenge the death of Captain Furneaux*s people, about ten of whom having landed from the boat, in a part of the Sound, were maflacreed by the ^iivages^ In thisv idea, Captain Cook endeavoured to convince them of the continuance of his friend(hipy and that he (hould not moleft them on account of this me- lancholy tranfadion ; and the natives foon returned to their former confidence and freedom of intercourfe. Captain Cook, however, was fo much on his guard, that all his workmen were under the proteiflion of the marines, and no boat was fent to any diftance from the (hips, without being well officered and armed ) for he had not only the tragical fate of the Adventures boat's crew. in his mind, but that of Capt, Marion, a^d fome of his people, in theBayofKlands, 1111772. < Scvcrdt ^ppppp^ivnv^ D '■ ■» ^to CaptaIit Cook*s fniklj VdtASis ^Veral of the nsitivea creAed a kind of tcttipofif ^ tallage of huts, clofe to Captain Cook's encaitipiiient. B«ridt& tikfe, he was occationally vHited by others, front dilferciit ^uatters. The articles of tommefce pro^^ duced by the natives, were turiofitieS, fi(h, and wo- Dscit. The two firft always came to a godd market ; which the latter did not. The Teamen had taken a kindl of dWVke to thefe people ; and Were either un- wiUing, or afraid, to aflociate with them ; ♦ which pro- d^reed tftis gbod cfflil,*. fays Captain Cooke, * that I knew n6 infti^nce of a man's quitting his flation^ to go to tfcfeir habitaticynsi* - Arriong thcii? dceafionat vifitors Was a Ghie^ tamed fCahooia, who headed the party that cut off Captain Furneauxs people and had himfelf killed Mr. kowe^ t^ie ofiicei' who commanded. Some of the nati\res< itrongly importuned the Captain to fncrilice htm to his Vengeance \ \ Had 1 followed the advice of alt our pre- fe1sdllovrs : * That while our people were fitting at din- ger, furroundtd by feyeral of the natives, fome of thtf Tatter ilole, or fhatched from them, fome bread afhd f (hi fbf which they were beat. This beittg rcfentedj a quarrel enfued, and two New iZealandtfrs were (hot 4cad, by the only two mufquets that were (ircd : for before A OltND THE WOKtii. m before oiir peojple had time to difchar^e a third, or to load again thofe that had been fired, the natives riiflied in upon theni, overpowered thein with numbers, and- put them all to death/ Capt. Gook was told, * that a black fervaht ot fcapt. JFurneaiix, who had been left in the boat to tak^ care of her, was the caufe of the qiiarifel : that oneoi" the natives ftealing fomething but of the boat, the Ke- gro gave him |i fever* b^6w with a ftick : that the tried of the fellow beinjg heard at a diftance^ they ihiagihed he was killed, and immediately began the attack on our Ijecf le *, who before they had tiiiie to reach the boat, or to arm themfelves againft the impending danger, fell i| facrifice to the fury of the favages; Gapt. Gook tkoiigTu it viery probable tliat feoth thefd accounts were trlie ; it being natural to (uppofe, that while feme df the natives were ftealing frum the mad left in the boat, others of them might be takij:)g tb* fame liberties with the property ot our people, who were oh (bore; But all agreed, that there was no pre- rtieditated plan of bloodOied ; and that if the thefts had not been too haftily relented, ho inifchief would have happened. Kahoora being ciueftfOncd by Gapt. Cobkj faidi That one of his countryitien having brought a ftonc hatchet to barter, the itiart, to whc?m it was oftered, took it, and ^oUld neither return itj nof give any thing for it i on which the owner of it fnatthed Up the bread as an equivalent, and thus the quarrel began; 6n the aptti tlierc was a violerit (torrh from the N» W. The gufli of winds from the hills were very violtiit^ infomuch that they were obliged to ftrike the yards and top-mails to the utmoft, and vet uith difficulty rode it out. Thcfe ftorms arc very Sequent here. The neigh- bouring mountainS;^ which at thcfe times are always tmm 370 Captahn Good's THl?ii> VdYAtit logded rf'ith vapours, not only increa;re the forc^e of the wind, b^t alter its dire£\ion in fuch a man- lier, that no two bUfts follow each other from the fame quarter ; and the nearer the fhore, the more their effeft^ are felt. Great numbers of the natives continued to Vifit the encampment, particularly while the crew were lbneltii)g Come mubber« No Greenlander ever feemed to be tnore fond of train oil. They reli(hed the very &immipg^ of the l^ettle, and dregs of the caiks *, but a little of the pure itinli^ing oil feemed to be a mo(t de- Hcious fea^' Aniong the moft Remarkable particulars in the natu<» xal biiiory of this place, which are copioufly defciibed hy Mr. Anderfon, we muft not omit to take notice of the (Iriking contraft, which the face of the country tiifords to that of Van Dicmen*s Land. — It is uncom- monly mountainous, riBng immediately from the Tea Into large hills with blunted tops. A.t cooftderable dif- tances are vallies* or rather impreillons on the fides of the hillSf which are not deep« each terminating towards the Tea in a fmall cove, with a pebbly or Tandy beach ; behind which are fmall flats, where the natives general^ \y build their huts, at the fame time hauling their ca- noes upon the beaches. This fituation is the more con- venient, as in every cove a brook of fine water emptiei itfelf irto the fea. The hills are Qne ^nttnued foreft of lofty trees, flouri(hlng with a vigour almoft fuperior to any thing that imagination can conceive, and affording an augufc proiped to thufe who ^e delighted wtt)i the grand and beautiful works of nature. Ti^e agreeable temperature oi the climate, no doubt, contributes much to this uncommon ftrength in vege - t,auon : for, at this time, though anfwering to our month iof A^guii, the weather was never difagreeably warm ', aor did it raife the thermometer higher than 66 deg. The ROUM43 THs* World. SW Tphe winter, tlfo, feems cqvMly mild with r^fp^A t(| cold : for in J[une lyJS, which correfponds to our Dc* cember, the mercury never fell lower than 48 degrees ; and the treen, s^t tha,t time, retained theif verdure, as il in the fumrQer feafon *, (b that, in Mr. Anderfon's opi-^ nion, their foilage is never Ihed, till pufhed off with the (ucceeding leaves in fpring. In (hprt, the only obftad^ to this being one of thie Bneft countries upon earth, is its hillineCs ; which allowing its woods to be ck .ed av way, would leave it lefis proper for pafturage than flat landi and ftill more improper for cultiyation^ whic^ could never be effected by the plough. Among the plants one deferyes parttpular notice, as the natives make their garments of it, and it produces a fine iilky flix, fuperior in appearance to any thing vve have, and probably &s ftrong. It grows in bunches of tufts, with fedge-like leaves, bearing, on a long ftalk,^ yellowifli flowers, which are fucceeded by a long round- lih pod, ^led with very thin Ihining. black feeds, — ^A,- nother plant, which bears a red berry, and which is much like the fupple-jack, growing about the trees, iiretching from one to another, in fuch a manner^ as to^ render the woods almpft w^^hoUy iinpaifible. Among the birds ajre leveral forts of cuckoos, one of which is not larger than a Iparrow, of a fplendid green^ caft above, and elegantly varied with waves of golden, green, brown, and white colours below. Another kind h of a black colour, with a greeniih caft, which is re- markable for having a tuft of ^hitc curled feathers hanging under the throat. This tuft of feathers rcfem- bled the white flowers ufed as ornaments in the ears at Otaheite, and called Poowa, whence our Tailors called, this the Poy bnrd. There is alfo a fmall grcenifti bird, which is almoft the only roufical ont here, but is fuffici-' entto fill the woods with a melody, that is not only fwecr. mmm f^i Ca^tai^ Gook^s third Voxaq^ fwcef, but (q varied, that one would imagine he watj furroundcd by a hundred different forts of birds, wheq the little yarbler is pear, Hcpce it was named the |nopking bird. ' . With refpell; to quadijupeds, it is remarkable, that In this extenfiye land, there is not even the trace of one, except only a few rats, and a fort of fox-dog, which is a domc(^ic animal with the natives. Neither is there any mineral worth notice but a green jafper, or ferpcnt. (lone, of which (he aacives m^ke their tools and orna^ ments. Of the natives we can here only obferve, that, coi^- ^rary to the favages of Van Diemen's Land, they flieW as much ingenuity, both in invention and execution, a$ any uucivilized pations under llmilar circumftances : for, without the uile of any taetal tbols, they "make every thing by which jhey proctire their fubfirtance', tlothing, and warlike-weapons, wi^h a degree of neatnefe, (Irength and convenien9C for ^ccompliftiing their fcvexal pur- pofes. T-'heir chief mechj^nital tool is formed cxaftly afer the manner of Qi|r adzes ; and is made,^'as are alfd the chiffel and goilge»'of thi? grefcn ferpent-ftone already^ mentioned. But their mafter-piece feems to be carving. The heads of theiy_ cahdes a^e fometimes 'ornamerite^ with it, in fuch a manner, as not only (hews much de- fign, but alfo is ^n cxaniple of great labour and patience in executioii. Their coirdagc foy fifliing-liae$ is equal in jdrength and evennefs, to ours, and their nets ilot at all inferior. Biit what i^iuft coft thein the greatcft labour, is the making of the tools we have mentioned •, for the iloneis exceedingly hard, ^nd the onlymethod of falhi- oning it, is by rubbing one (lone upon another. Their iiibf^itute for a knife is a ^ell, a bit of flint, or jafper^ ^nd, as an auger, to bore with, they fix a (hark's tooth *'^ the end of a fipall piece of wood. It i$ uue^ they I u s^V- »9 Round the Worl 375 ; he wai; S wheq med the , that ill of one, uyhich is is there ferpcnt. id. orna^ lat, coi^« icy ftieVjf ution, a$ c€s : for, ke every tlothing, .(trength fral pur- [ cxaftly arc alfd already carving. amcrite4 ucb de- iatience equal in lot at all labourj for the offalhi- Their jafperi s tootb lavq have a fnaall few, made with fome jagged fiQics teeth ^ ifixed on the convex edge of a piece of wood nicely car- ycd. But this, they fay, is only ufed to cut up the bor dies of their enemies, whom they kill in baale. From this country, Capt* Cook, at the rcqucft of Omai, and with their own and relations confent, took two young Zealanders. On the 25th of February, the Captains Cook and Clerk left Queen Charlottc-s Sound ; and on the 29tli of March following, came within (igl>c lofthe ifland of Mungear During Captain Cook's palTage to the ifland of Man- gea, the two adventurers from New Zealand, repented heartily of the ftep they had taken, immediately after they had loft fight of their own country, the fca ficknefs ^hcy experienced giving a turn to their reflexions. M th6 foothing encouragement that could be thought of availed but little. They wept both in public and pri- jirate'; ^nd made their lamentations in a kind of fong, l^hich, a^ fay as the meaning of the word could be un- derftood, was cxpreffive of thepraifes of their own coun- try and people, frqm which they were to be feparatei ifrom them* fpr ev^r. -Thus they continued for many jdays, till theiir fea«ficknefs wore off, and the tumult ot ^heir mind began to fubfide. Then thefe fits of lamca* tation becaipe Icfs and lefs frequent, and at length en- tirely ccafed. Their native coiintry arid their. friends, were, by degrees, forgotten ; and they appeared to be jis firmly attached to their new acquaintances, as if they had been born among them. ^ ■ ■ . ■ ■ The ifland of Mangea, (which is the name the natives give it) lies in the latitude of 21 deg. $y min. S. and aoi deg. 53 min. E. Capt. Cook pronounces it from its exterior appearance, to be a very fine ifland, capable of fupplying all their wants j and hp computes ic to be fibout 574- Captain Code's third VoyXob ;ibout five leagues }n circuk. But he Ibund it impoiTr. hie cither to land here^ or to find any anchorage for his (hips ; Aich part of the coaf^ as fell under his obfcr^ vation, being guarded by a reef of coral rock, on the out-fide of which the fea is of an unfathomable depth : and a great furf broke with violei^ce a^ainft the fliore, or againft the reef that furround it, ilarljr in the nlorning df the 30th of Feb. feveral of the natives were perceived Upon a fandy beach, all arm- ed with long fpears and clubs, which they brandifhed in. ihc air with figns of thrcatning, or, as others interpret- ed their attitude, with inyitations to land. Mod of them were naked, es^ept having a fort of girdle, which| being brought up between the thighs, covered that part of the body. But (pf^e of them had pieced of cloth of different colours, white, ilriped, or chequered $ thrown about their moulders ; and almoft all of them bad a kind of white turban \ and fome others, a (ort of high conical cap. They were of tawny colour j and in^ general of a midling Mature, but rob^ift^ and iticlit^ed to corpulence. At this time, afmall canoe was hunched in a great hnrry from the farther end of the beach ; and, a man gening into it, put off, as with a view to reach the fhip. Qn this, the Captain brought to, that he nfvrght receive the vifitibutthe man's refolution failing, he foon re- turned towards the beach, where, after foiu^time, ano- ther man joined him in the canoe ; and theii they both^ paddled towards the fhip. They ftopt fhprt, however, as if afraid to approach, until Omai, who addreiTed^ them in the Otaheite ladguagb, in fome meafure quieted their apprchcnfions. They then came near enough to take fome beads and nails, Which were tied td a piece of wood» and thrown into the canoe. They feemcd afraid to touch tbefe thin^, and put the piece of wobdiiifide, _ without OUND THE W ILL Hi m tifitiiout untying them. This, however, might arifd from fuperftition ; for Omai faid, that when they faw ut offering them prdcnti, they aiked fomething for their E/VTOOA, or God* He alfo, perhaps improperly, pui the queftion to theiiSt whether they ever eat human fle(h ? which they ftnfwered in the negative, with a mix« ture 9f indignation arid abhorrence. One of them, whofe name was Mourooa, being aiked how he cdit^e by a fear in his forehead, anfwtred, that it was in confequencei of a wound he had got in fighting with the people of an ifland, which Ves to the North-Eadward, wImr iame* times came to invade them. They afterwards tpok hold of a rope. Still, however, they would not venture on board ; but told Omai, that their countrymen had giveq them this caution, at the fame time dire^iing them to enquire whence the fhip came, and the name of the Cap* tain. Mourooa was lufty, but not very tall. His. features were agreeable, and his difpofition feemlngly no lefs fo } for he made feveral droll gcfticulations, which indicated both good-nature and a (hare of humour. He alfo made others, which feemed of a ferious kind, and repeated fome words with a devout air, before he ventured to lay hold of the rope j which was probably to recommend himfeJf to the ijrote ing coiJie adong fide, Mourooa ftept into her, without b.cing aiked, and without a moment's hefitation. While thus employed in endeavouring to land (which irsis found impoihble, unlefs at the rifk of having the • .boat filled whh water, or even ftaved to pieces) great numbers of the natives flocked down to the beach, all armed as above mentioned. Mourooa, probably think- rog that this warlike appearance prevented their land* jng, ordered them to retire. As many of thcnrt com- plied, he was judged to be a perfon of fome confequcncc.' So great was the curiofity of feveral, that they fwam to the boat, and came on board without referve^ It wad even difticult to keep them out, and flill more difficult to prevent their carrying oS every thing upon which they could lay their hands. At length, when they per- ceived the boat returning to the Ihip, they all jumped Vttt^ except Mourooa. He, though not without evident figM :.4 •/ -Round the World. M ligns of fear, kept his place, and went on board thtf fliip. The cattle, and other objefts, did not ftrikc him with fo much furprifc as one might have expefted. But, in faft, he fecmed very uneafy ; and Jtt the (hip, on his getting on board, happened to be (landing off Ihore, this circumftance made him the more fo. After a (liort ftay^. the Captain ordered a boat to carry him in towards land. As foon as he got oiit of the cabin, he (lumbled over one of the goats. His curiofity now overcoming his fear, he ftopt, looked at it, and a(ked Omai, What bird this was ? Tlib boat having conveyed him pretty hear the furf, he leaped into the fca, and fwam afhor r. He had no fooner landed, than the multitude of his countrymen gathered round him, as if eager to learn what he had fecii. As foon as the boat returned, the Captain nriade fail from the land to the Northward. The natives of Mangea, as do all the New Zealandcrs, falure (Irangers by joining nofes ; adding, however, the addi- tional ceremony of taking the hand of the' pc rfon to whom they are paying civilities, and rubbing it, with a degree of force, upon their nofe and mouths. On the I ft of April, Captain Cook, came iii fight of an ifland, nearly of the fame appearance and extent as Mangea ; and, at the fame time, another land, but much fmaller, was feen right a-head. The firft, as they after- warjds learned from the natives, was called by them Watceoo. It lies in the lat. of 20 deg i min. S. and ; in the Ion. 201 deg. 45 min. E. and appeared to be a beautiful fpot, with a furfiice compbfed of hills and plains, and covered with verdure of many hues.* The next day, two armed boats were fent out, to look for anchoring ground and a landing place. In the mean time, the natives came oflF in canoes, to vifit the; twd fliips, and to be quite free from the apprehcD(ions that Bbb had nr. '» •' ■^ji Captain CIook's third Voyaos had been (o vifiblc in the inhabitants of Mangeea. Pre- fcnts were reciprocally given and received. In one of thefe vifits, the natives, as they drew near the (hip, re- cited fome word" in concert^ by way of chorus, one of iheir number firfl ftanding up, and giving the word be- fore each repetition. When they had finifliedtheir fo- lemn chant, they came along fide and aiked for the Chief. After giving fome prefents, they were condudl- cd into the cabin, and to other parts of the fliip. Some objefts feemed to ftrike them with a degree of furprife ; but nothing fixed their attention for a moment.. They were afraid to come near the cows and horfes ; nor did they form the leafl: conception of their nature. But the flicep and goats did not furpafs the limits of their ideas ; for the gave us to underftand , that they knew them to be birds. It will appear rather incredible, that hUiTiahe ignorance could ever make fo firange a iniftake ; there not being the moll diftant likenefs be- tween A (heep or a goat, and aiiy winged animal. But thefe pebpie feemed to know nothing of the exiftencc of aiiy othct iand-animals, befides hogs, dogs, and birds. The fhecp and goats, they could fee, were very diffe- rent creatures ftom the two firft, and therefore they in- fered, that they muft belong to the latter clafs, in which they knew there is a cofffiderable variety of fpccics. The people in thefe canoes differed little from the na. ti vcs of Mangeea. Ornaments, compofed of a fort of grafs ftained with red, and ftrung with berries of the night- Ihade, were worn about their necks. Their ears were "^ored, but not flit ; and they were punftnred upon the legs, fiom the knee to the heel, which made them ap- pear as if they wore a kind of boots. Lieutenant Gore, with the two beats, returned in the 'afternoon, having found the fame obftrudlions both to landing and anchoring, which they had found at Man^ geea, MM:- RouNJ> THE World. m geea. But as the natives fecmed very friendly, and tq cxprcfs a degree of difappointment, w hen they faw the boats crews fail in their attempt to land, Mr Gore was pf opinion, that by means of (3mai, who could beft ex- plain the rcqucft, they might be prevailed upon to bring off to the boats beyond the furf, fuch articles as were moft wanted, in particular the flems of plantain-trees, ^hich were good food for the cattle. Accordingly, about lo the next morning, Mr. Gore was difpatched with three boats, to try the experiment. Two ojP the natiyes, who had been on board, accompa* nied him ; and Omai went a$ interpreter. In order to pbferye their motions, ¥ind to be ready to give them fuch affiftance as they might want, ^aptain Cook kept as near the fliorc as was prudent! He was fenlible, however, that the reef was as tf^cftual a barrier between him andr his friends TTho had landed, and puij^ ^h^^}^ ^* much beyottd his proteftion, as if half the ctrcumfcreijce of the globe had intervened. But the iflanders^ it wasi, probable, did not know this fo vifell as Ijie did. In the mean time, the occafional vifits of the pjitives on board fliips, fcrved to leffen his folicitude for his friends oa ibore. At length, a little before fun-fet^ he Ijad the fa- tisfaftion of feeing the boats put off* When they got pn board, he found that Mr. Gore, Omai, Mr. Ander-. fon, and Mr. Burncy, were the only perfons that had; landed. M. Anderfon's narrative of the tranfa6lions of * the day being extremely interefting, we ftiall give it ia, liis own words. * Wc rowed,* fays Mr. Anderfon,* towards a fmall iandy beach, and came to an anchor within a hundred yards of the reef, which extends about as far, ora litrla further from the (horc. Several of the natives fwam 9if, bringing cocoa-nuts ; and Omai, with their country^ men, whom wc had with us in the boats, made them feuhble j8o Captain Cook's third Voyage fenfib|e of our wifli to land. Soon after, two canoes camp off; and to create a greater confidence in the iflanders, we determined td go unarmed, and to run the hazard of being treated welT or ill. ' Our condudlors, watching attentively the motions of the furf, landed Mr. Burney and myfelf, who were f|n the firft canoe, fafcly upon the reef. A.n iflander took hold of each of us, obvioufly with an intention to fupport us in walking over the rugged rock, to the ^each, where fevcralof the others met. us, holding the green boughs, of a fpccies of Mimofa in their hands, and faluted us by joining their nofeS to ours. Mr. Gore and Omai v/ere landed froni the fecond canoe. . • ; - . . ^ . , ,. , • • ■ -r- - • .' * • A. great croud flocked with eager xuiiofity to look ^t us ; and would have prevented our proceeding, had jiot fume, who feemed to have {Authority, dealt blows, with little diftinftion arnong theni, to keep them off. "We were then led up an avenue of cocoa palms ; and . foon came to a number of men, Arranged in two rows, and armed with clut3s, which they hold on their (bould- ers, much in the fame manner as we reft a mulket. Af- ter walking a little way aniong thefe, we found a per- fon who feemed a Chief, fitting on the ground crofs-leg- ged, ' cooling himfelf with a fort of a triangular fan, made from a leaf of the cocoa-palm, with a poliflied hs^nd'.e of black wood, fixed to one corner. In his ears were large branches of beautiful red feathers, vvhich pointed forward. But he had no other mark, or orna- ment, to diftinguifh him from the reft of the people ; though they all obeyed him with the greateft alacrity. He either naturally had, or at this time put on, a ferious, but not fevere countenance ; and we were defired to falute him as he fat, by fome people who feemed of con- iequcnce. ... i >*• "• .* W9 V > V Round the Worh>; 3«i ! Wc proceeded ftill amongft the nlen arned with clubs, and came to a fecond Chief, who fat fanning himfelf, and ornamented as the Brft. He was remark- able for his fize, and common corpulence, though to ap- pearance not above thirty. Jn the fame manner, we were condu(5led to a third Chief, who feemed older than the two former, and though nor fo fat as the tecond, was of a large fize. He alfo was fitting and adorned with red feathers ; and after fainting him as we had done the others, he defired us both to fit down, upon which we were very willing to do, teing prdtty well fatigued V^ith walking up and down, and with the excefUve heat wc felt, amongft the vaft crowd that furrounded us. * In a few minutes, the people were ordered to fe- parate ; and we faw, at the diflance of 30 yards, a- bout 20 young women, ornamented as the chiefs, with red feathers, engaged in a dance, which they per- formed to a flow and ferious air, fung by them all. We got up, and went forward to fee them; they con- tinued their dance, without paying the lead attention to us. They feemed to be directed by a man who ferved as. a prompter, and mentioned each motion they were to make. But they never changed thd fpot, as we do in dancing, and though their feet were not at reft, this cxercife confiftcd more in moving their fingers very nimbly, at the fame time holding their hands in a prone pofiiion near the face, ajid now and then alfo clapping them together. Their motions and fong were perforpied in fuch exad concert, that it fliould fecm they had been taught with great care ; and probably they were feleftccl for this ceremony, as few of thofe whom we faw in the crowd equalled them in beauty. In general, they were rather flout than flender, with black hair flowing in ringlets down the neck, and of olive complexion. Their features were rather fuller than what we allow to perfefl beauties, and much . alike J j8i Captain Cook's third Vqvagi alike ; but their eyes were of a deep black, and eac^ countenance cxpreffed a degree of complacency, and modefty, peculiar to the fex in every part of the world f but perhaps more cbnfpicuous here, where nature prefented us with her produdiions in the fullefl perfedion, unbiaiTed by feiitiment in cuftom, or unre- grained in manner by art. "^'heir Uiape and limbs were elegantly formed. * This dance was not fini(hed, when we heard a Ooile, as if feme horfcs bad been galloping towards DS ; and on looking afide, we faw the people armed with dabs, who had been defired, as we fuppofe, to entertain us with the fight of their manner of fighting. This they now did, one party purfuing aQoth^r, who fled* * As we fuppofed the ceremony of being introduced to the chiefs was now at an end, we began to look about for Mr. Gore and Omai ; and, though the i;rowd would hardly fuf[ir us to move, we at length found them coming up, as much incommoded by the people as we had been, and introduced in the fame manner to the three chiefs. Each of thcfe expe^ed a prcfent ; and Mr. Gore gave them fiich things as he had brought with him from the {hip, for that purpofe. After this, making ufo of Oma^ as his interpreter, he informed the chiefs with what intention we had come aOxore; but was given to underftand, that he muft wai( till the next day, and then he fhould have whac wa* wanted, , - : -t * They now feemed to take fome pains to feparatc us from each other ; and every one of us had his will to furround and gaze at him. For my part, I was, at one time, above an hour apart from my friends j and VihetL I told the chief, with whom 1 fat, that I w anted to ^. Round t h e W o r l i). zh to fpcak to Omai, he pef emptorily rcfufed my requdb At the fame time, I found the people began to (leal feveral trifling things which I had in my pocket ; and when I complained to the chief of this treatment, he juftified it. From the above circumftances, I now entertained apprehcnfions, that they had a defign to detam us a- mongfl: them. They did not, indeed, feem to be of a difpofition fo favage, as to make us anxious for the fefety of our perfons ; but it was neverthelefs, vexing to think, we had hazarded being detained by their curi- ofity. In this fituation, I afkcd for fomething to eat ; and they readily brought me fome cocoa-nuts, bread-* fruit, and a fort of four pudding, which was prefented by a woman. And, on my complaining much oi the heat, occalioned by the crowd, the chief himfelf con- dcfcended to fan me, and gave me a fmall piece of cloth, which he had rouud his waift. * Mr, Burney happening to come to the place where I was, I mentioned my fufpicions to him -, and to put it to the teft, w*hether they were well founded, we at- tempted to get to the beach. But we were (lopped when about half way, by fome men, who told us, we mxift go back to the place we had left. On coming np, we found Omai entertaining the fame apprehenfi- ons, but he had, as he fancied, an additional reafon for being afraid; for he had obferved, that they had dug a hole in the ground for an oven, which they wer/e heating ; and he could afTign no other reafon for this, than that they meant to road and eat us, as is pratSlifed by the New .-.ealanders. Nay, we went fo far as to afk the quefton ; at which they were greatly furprifcd, afking in return, whether it was a cuflom with us ? Mr. Burney and I were rather angry that they (hould he thus fufpe^ed by him } there havingt as yet, been DO- mm zH Captain Cook's third VoYAok * • » , no appearances, in their conducH; towards us^ of thcfr beitig capable of fuch brutality. * In this manner we Were detained the greateft part of the day, being fometimes together, and fometimes feparated : but always in a crowd ; who, not fatisfied with gazing at us, frequently dellfed us to uncover parts of our fkin ; the fight of which generally pro- duced a murmur of admiration. At the fame time they did not omit thefe Opportunities of riflhig our pockets, and at laft, one of them faatched a fmali bayonet from Mr. Gore, which. hung in a (lieath by his fide. This was reprefented to the chief j who pretended to fend fome perfons in fearch of it. But, in all probability, he countenanced the theft : for, foon after, Oraai had a dagger ftolen from his fide, in the fame manner, tho' he did not mifs it immediately^ * Whether they obferved any figns of any uneahnefs in us, or that they voluntarily repeated their emblems of friendlhip,'when we exprefled a defire to go, I cannot tell i but, at this time, they brought fome green boughs, and, fticking their ends in the ground, defired we would hold them as we fat. Upon my urging our bu- fmels again, they gave us to underftand, that wemuft {lay and eat with them ; and a pig that we faw, foon after, lying near the oven, which they had prepared and heated, removed Omai's apprehenfions of being put into it himfelf } and made us think it was intended for ourrepaft. The Chief alfo promifed to fend fome peo- ple to procure provifionfor the cattle ; but it was not till late in the afternoon, that we faw them return with a few plan tain- trees, which they carried to our boats. * In the mean time, Mr. Burney and I attempted a- gain to go to the beach ^ but when we arrived, found ourfelves watched by thepenple^ who' fecmed to have been ftotJNb THE W0K.Li5. ifis been planted there for that purpofe :iot, when I tried to wade in upon the reef, one of them took hold of 017* clothes, and dragged me back. I picked up fome fmall pieces of coral, which they required me to throw down again ; and on my refufal, they made no fcruple to take them forcibly from me. 1 had gathered fbme fmall plants i but thefe alfo 1 could not be permitted to retain -, and they rook a fan from Mr. Burney, which he had re- ceived as a prefent on coming alhore. Omai faid, we had done wrong in taking up any thing % for it was not the cuftomhere to permit freedoms of that kind to Gran- gers, till they had, in fome meafure, naturalized them to the country, by entertaining them with feftivity two or three days. * Finding that the only method of procuring hctttt treatment was to yield implicit obedience t() their will, we went up again to the place we had left ; and they* HON prorhifed, thu we (hould have a canoe to carry us off to our boatsj affer we had eaten oC a repait which had been prepared for us. Accordingly, the fecond Chief before mentioned^ having feated himfelf Upon a low broad (tool of blackiOi hskrd wood, tolerably polKh- ed, and direding the muititade to make a plenty large ring, made us fit down by him. A confidef able num- ber of cocoa-nuts were brought ; and, fliortly after, a long green bafket, witha fufficient quantity of baked plantains to have ferved a dozen perfonsi A. piece ot the young hog that had been dreiled, was then fet be- fore each of u^j of which we were defired to eat. Our appetites^ however haid tailed, from the fatigue of the day ; and though we did eat a little to pleafe them, ii^ was without fatisfaQion toourfelves. * It being now near fun-fet, we told them U waft time to go on board. This they allowed » and fent down to the beuch, tht remainder of the visuals that I^umb. 17. C c© " hJii 386 Captain Cook's third Voyaob ^ad been drefled, to be carried with us to the (hip. v/t found a canoe ready to put us off. to our boats ; which the natives did with the fiime caution as when we land- ed. They put us on board the boats, with the cocoa- nuts, plantains, and other provilions, which they had irougnt \ and we rowed to the fliips, very well pleafed ^hat we had at laft got out of the hands oit our trouble - fome mafters. It was mentioned, that Oitiai was fent upon this ex- pedition j and, perhaps, his being Mr. Gore,s interpret- er, was not the only fervice he performed this day. He was alked by the natives a great many queftions con- cerning our people, our fliips, and our country, and the fort of arms we ufed : and, according to the account he gave to Captain Cook, his anfwers were not a little upon the marvelous. Our country, he told them, had (hips as large as their ifland i on board which were in- ftiuments of war (defcribing our guns) of fuch dimen- fions, that feveral people might fit within them ; and that one of them was fufficient to crufli the w hole ifland &t one fliot. This led them to afl< what fort of guns were on board Captain Cook's fliips. He faid, that though they were but fmall in comparifon with thofe he had defcribed, yet, with fuch as they were, they could with the greateil eafe, and at the diflance the fliips were from the fliore, deftroy the ifland* and kill every foul in it. They then enquired by what means this could be done* and Omai explained it as well as he could, ir I e happened luckily to have a few catridges in his pocket. Thefe he produced : the balls, and the gunpowder that was to fet them in motion, were fub- mitted to infpedion , and, to fupply the defedts of his defcription, an appeal was made to the fenfe of the fpec- tators. The multitude had been formed, as before- mentioned, into a circle. This furniftied Omai with a convenient ftage for his exhibition. In the centre of . this, Round the Wo'rld. 3»? this, the fmall quantity of gunpowder colIe6ted frorn his catridges, was properly difpofed upon the ground, and fet on fire by a hit of ouirning wood from the oven. The fuddeii blait, and loud report, the mingled flame and fnt^oke, that inflantly fucceeded, filled the whole aflembly with aftonifhmcnt. They no longer doubted the tremendous power of our weapons, and gave full credit to all Omai had fCid. If it had not been for the terrible idea they conceived ©f the (hip*s guns, from this fpecimen of their mode of operation, it was thought they would have detained the gentlemen all night. For Omai ailured them, that if he and his companions did not return on board the fame day, they might expe<5l that the Captain would fire up- on theifland. And as the fhips flood in nearei; the land in the evening, than they had done any time before, of which they were obfervcd to take great notice, they probably thought this formidable attack was medita- ting ; and therefore they fuffered their guefls to depart ; in the expe Kt morn- acid branches of young cocoa trees, and of the Wham tree, as it is called at Otaheite, the Pandanus of the Eafl-Indics. This litter being of a foft, fpungy, }yAcy nature, the cattle eat it very well, when cut into ihall pieces ; fo that it may be literally faid, that they were fed upon billet wood. On the 6th of April, Captain G)ok arrived at Hcr« vey's Illand, which he had difcovered in 17739 and which he was now furprifed to find inhabited. In fais intercourfe with the natives, he obferved that not one of them had adopted the mode of ornament, fo general* ly prevalent among the natives of this ocean, of pun&a^ ring, or tatooing their bodies ; although in other refpeds he had the moft unequivocal proofs of their being of the fame common race. Being difappointed in the hopes of landing on this iiland, and the unfavourable winds &c. having unavoidably retarded his progrefs fo much, that it was impoflible to think of doing any thing this year, in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemii- phere. Captain Cook now thought it ncccflary to bear away for the Friendly Iflands. But he firft refolved to touch at Palmerflon's Ifland, which he had difcovered in 1774, and where he arrived on the 14th of April This iflandxonfifts of a group of about ten fmall uninha- bited iflots, lying in a circular diredlion, and conne&ed together by a reef of coral rocks. While the Captain employed his boats here to pro- cure ipefreftiments for his crew, he himfelf explored whatever was curious in the external appearance of this ifland, which he obferved to be fcarcely a mile in cir^ cuit, and not above three feet higher than the level of the fea. It appeared to be entirely compofcd of a co- ral fand, with a fmall mixture of blackiOi mould, pro- duced from rotten vegetables. Notwithftanding this poor foil, it is covered with a variety of trees and bufh- •-.^ 392 Captain Cook's riiiiiD Voyaga es. At one part of the reef, which looks hito, oi' bounds, the lake within, thers was a large bed of coral,- almoft even with the furface, which afforded, perhaps, one of the rtioft enchanting profpefts, that nature has, any where produced. Its bafe was fixed to the fhore, but reached fo far in, that it could not be fccn f fo that it feemed to be fufpended in the water, which deepened id fuddehly, that at the diftance of a few yards, there might be feven or eight fathoms. The fea was, at this time, quite unruffled ; and the fun, (hining bright, expo- fed the various forts of coral in the mofl beautiful or- der i fome parts branching into the w?««-er with great luxuriance, others lying collected in round balls, and in various other figures j all which were greatly heighten- ed by fpangles of the richeft colours j that glowed from a number of large clam^^ which were every where in- terfpcrfed. But the appearance of thefe was ftill infe- rior to that of the multitude of fifties, that glided gently along, fecmingly with the mofl: perfeft fecurity. The colours of the difFernt forts were the moft beautiful that can be imagined j the yellow, blue, red, black, &c. far exceeding any thing that art can produce. Their various forms^ alfo, contributed to increafe the richnefs of this lubmarine grotto, which could not be furveyed without a pleafing tranfport, mixed, however, with re- gret, iliat a work fo (lupendoufly eloquent, fliould be concealed, in a place whei-e mankind could feldomhavd an opportunity of rendering the praifes juftly due to fa enchanting a fcene. With refpeft to the aniinal creati- on, the moft fmgular that Captain Cook obfervedj were fome large eels, beautifully fpotted, which when follow. cd, would raife themfelvcs out of the water, with an open mouth, to bite their purfuers. There was alfo a brown-fpotted fifli, about the fize of a haddock, lo tame^ that inftead of Iwimming away, it would remain fixed, and gaze at them. Had they been in abfolute want, a fujlficient fupply might have been had ^ for thoufands of - . .^"^ - , , "" clams iiovi^D THE World. 393 dams already mentioned, ftuck upon the reef, fo me of ■which weighed two or three pounds. In the night between the 24th atid 15th, Capt. Copk paflcd Savage Ifland, which he had likewife difcovered in 1774 ; and, on the aSth, he got fight of fome of the Friendly Iflands, It was not, however, till the 1 ft of May^ that he could come to anchor, at the ifland of Annamooka, where he refumed the very fame ftation, which he had occupied three years before ; and, pror b^bly, almoft in the fame place where Tafman, the fifft difcoverer of this, and fome of the neighbouring iflands^ anchored in 1643. The Friendly Ifljtrids form a very extenfive Archipe- lago. The natives reckoned up 1 50 of them, making ufe of bits of leaves to afcertain their number. But only fixty-one of thcfe have their proper places and liames marked in Captain Cook's Chart of the Friendly Iflands : for he was obliged to leave it to future navi- gators, to introduce into the geography of this part of the South Pacific Ocean, rhe exadl fituation and fiz;e of near an hundred others, which he had not an opportu- nity to explore. Among thefe iflands he continued a- ' bout two or three months ; during which time he lived with the natives in the moft cordial friendlhip. Some accidental differences, it is true now and then happened, owing to their propendiy to thieving. But thefe were never attended with any fatal confequcnces : on the contrary, fevv on board the fhips left their friends here Without regret. Nor will this appear wonderful, whea we learn the amiable chara efpeciajly V ., ; ■". - '■ / ^ ^ the ROUI^D THE WORLW. 397 the parts that are not covered ; which, perhaps, pay \i'i occafioned by.fome cutaneous difeafe. We faw it inan and a boy at Hapaee, and a child at Annamooka, perfeftly white. Such have been found amongfl all black nations ; but, I apprehend, that their colour is ra- ther a difeafe, than a natural phdenx)menon.' Capt. Cook firft went on Ihore at Annamooka, the chief of which illand, Toubou conduonfes were mack by the chorus in the fame tone, and thcfe were repeated ahernatcly. AH this while, the women accompanied their fong with feveral very graceful motions of their hands towards their faces, and in other dircdlions at the fame time, making con** flantly a flep forward, and then back again, with one foor, while the other was fixed. They then turned JBee their - \ 46i Captaik Cook's THIRD VoYAdjS their faces to the affcmbljr, Aing feme time, and re- treated flowly in k body, to that part of the circle which was oppofite the hut where the principal fpe£^a- tors fat. After this, one of them advances from each fide, meeting and pafling each other in the front, and continuing their progrci? round, till they came to the reft. On which two advanced from each fide, by in- tervals, till the whole number had again formed a circle about the chorus. Their manner of dancing was now changed to a (Quicker meafurc, in which they made a kind of half turn by Icapiftg, and clapped their hands, and fnapped their fingers, repeating fome words in conjunction with the choriis. Towards the end, as the quickncfs of the mufic increafed, their gtftures and attitudes ^.vere vari- ed with vS^onderfuI vigour and dexterity ; and fome of their irfotio'ns, pfcrhaps, ^oiild, with us, be reckoned rather ittdccferit. Though this part of the performance, ftioft probably, was niot meant to convey any wanton ideas, but merely to difplay the aftoniftiinfg variety of their movement«rf If'o this grand female baflet, Succeeded a variety of other dances, in which the men bore a principal part. In fome of thefe the dancers increafed their motions to a prodigiotis quicknefs, ftiaking their heads^ from ftiould- er to (boulder, with fuchforcc^ that a fpeftator, unac- cuftomed to the fight, would fuppofe they ran a rifk of •diflocating their necks. Their difcipline was adinira- -blc i and, in no inftance was it more remarkable, than iii the fudden tranfitions they fo dexteroufly made, from the ruder exertions and harfli founds, to the fofteft air?, and mod gentle movements. While Capt. Cook was at Hapaec, he obferved a troman ihaving a child's head, with a ihark's tooth, fttick Round thb Would.' 4^3 )r, unac- jluck into the end of a piece of flick. She firft wet the h^ir with a rag dipped in water, applying the in- flrument to that part which (he had previouily foaked. The operation feenjed to give no pain to the child j although the hair was taken off as clofe as if one of our razors had been employed. Capt. Cook tried one of thefe inftrutnents upon himfelf, and found it a goo4 i'uccedaneum. But the men have another contrivance when they (have their beards. They'take two fhells, one of which they place und^r ^ fmall part of the beard, and with the other applied above, they fcrape that part oE In this manner they are able to (have ver]^ qlofe. On the 27th of May, Capt. Cook had an opportut nity of difcovering that Fecnou was not the king of the Friendly Idands, but only a (ubordinate chief ; by a prudent regulation in their government, the natives have an officer over the police, or fomething like it. This department, when we were amongft them, was adminiflered by Feenou ; whofe bjuilne^ it was to pu« niih offenders, whether againfl the ilaxe, or againfl in* dividuals. He was alfo GeneraliiOlmo, ind command**, ed the warriors, when called out upon lervice. The king took fome pains to inform us of Feenou's office^ and among other things told us, that if he himfelf ihould become a bad man, Teehou would kill him. What I underftqod of being a bad man, was, that if he did not govern according to law, Feenou would be ordered, by the other great men, or by the people a|L large, to put him to dcs^th. * The next morning the king came on board, and brought as aprefent to the captain, one of their" <:aps, made, or at lead covered, with red feathers'. Thefe caps were much fought after by the fliip's company ^ u they knew they would be highly valued at Otaheite. r ^i: :'i' 'I yf®4 Captain Cook's third Voyaoe But thongh very large prices were offered, not one was - ever brought for laic ; which ihcwed they were no Iffs valuable in the e(linnation of the people here. Thefc caps, or rather bonnets, are con\pofed of the tail feathers of the tropic bird, with tlie red feathers of the parroqucts wrought upon them, or jointly with them. They are made fo as to tie upon the forehead without any crown, and have the foim of a fcnalcir- clc, whoferadius is i8 or aoinches. , Some time after the Captain (leered for Tongataboo;; While he was plying up to the harboar, the king kept failing round them m his canoe. There were at the fame time, a great many fmall canoes about the (hipq. Two of thefe, which could not get out of the way of his f oyal yelfel, he ran quite over, with as little con- cern, as if they had been bits of wood. AtT'ongaita t)oo Capt. Cook's reception was no lefs hofpitable than It had been at Hepaee ; grand entertainments of fongs and dances, with exhibitions of wreHling and boxing being fuccefllvely given. One day the king canie on board the Reiblution, an4 4. brought with him his fon, a youth about I2 years of age. The king dined with the captain, but the fon^ iho' prefenty was hot allowed to ut down with hinv It was very convenient to have hino for a gueft ; for when he vias prefent, every other native was excluded; whefeas,if neither he nor Feenou were on board, the in- ferior chiefs would be very importvmate to be of our dining party. The king ws^s Very foon reconciled to;^ our mann^'rof cooking. But ftill) we believe, he dined with us more for the fake of what we gave him to drink' than for what we fet before him to eat ; for he had taken a liking to our wine,, would empty his bottle as well as mo(t men, and was cheerful over it. But not- ivithllanding thi»frieOvily intercourfe. Cape. Cook uilce R o u H i> T H fi World. 405 thought proper to put the king, his brother* Frecnou, and fome other chiefs, under arreft, till a kid, two tur- key cocks, and fome other things, that had been ftolen, were reftored. This expedient was fuccefstul ; and tho*, at firil, it made them (hy, ii 4>4 not dimtnifh the friendfliip with which ihcy ilill deported themfelves. On the 17th of July, Capt. Cook fet fail from Middle- burgh or Eaoo, which wa^ the laft ifland he vifited, during his intercourfe with thd natives of this Archipe- lago, and with a light breeze at S. E. he now (leered for the Society Iflands. The time employed among the natives of the Friendly Iflands was not thrown away. We expended very little of our fea provifions j fabhfting m gencral^, upon ih« prodiKie of the ifkndSi Tfhile weflaid ; ami carrying away with us a quantity of provifions fufRcient to laft till our arrival at aiiother ftaiion, where we couW depend upon a frelh fup^ly. We was not forry* befides, to have an opportunity of bettering the condition of thefe good people, by leav- ing feveral very ufeful animals among ihem i iMid, at the fame time, thofe dcfigned for Oiaheite, received freQiftrength in the paftures of Tongataboo. Upon the whole, therefore, th« advanugcs we received, by touching here^ were very great i and we had the ad- ditional fatisfadlioH to retledl, that they were received without retarding one monoent; the piofecuiion of die great objciSt of our voyage j the feafon for proceeding to the North) being, as hafr already been obferved, lo{l| before we took the refolution of bearing away fo£ thefe ^ands. ' i'?,;.7 "^ k^ BOOK *o6 Captain Cook's third Voyage BOOK m. CHAP. III. \ \ Ifland of Toobouai difcoy€rc4— A-i^rival at Otahei^-r Omai's reception— Interview with Waheladooa, th? chief of Tiarabpo— On\ai*s imprudent conduct— Girls, drefled to bring a prefent — Omai s war canoe — Otoo's prefent and meflage to the king of Great Britain — Departure from Oiaheite, and vilit to Eimeo — Conclufion of the hiftory of Omsu^ and of the two New Zealand youtl^s. ON the 9th of Auguft 1777. Gapt. Cook difco- vercd the fmall ifland Toobouai, lyin^ in the lat. of 23 deg. 25 min. S. and in 210 deg. 37 mm. E. long. But as the natives who approached the (hips in their ca- noes, could not be ptrfuaded to come on board, and the Captain had no inducement to land, there, he pro- ceeded on his voyage. * * On the 1 2th of Atig. he faw Maitea, one of :he So- ciety Iflands, and foon after Otaheite. We (hall now confine ourfelvcs chiefly to the reception which Omai met with amongft his countrymen, to fomeof the moft remarkable occurrences in Capt. Cook's intercourfc with the friendly nauvcs. '^' ':r ' ' " ,.• When ftouND THE World. 407 When we iirft came near the ifland, feveral cauoes came < fJ" to the (hip, each conduced by two or three men. But, as they were commoiY fellows, Omai took no particular notice of them, nor they of him. They, ^id not, even feem to perceive, that he was one of their countrymen, aliho* they,converfed with him for ibme time. At length a chief, whom I had known before, named Ootee, and Omai's brnther-in-law, who chanched to be at this corner of the ifland, and three or four more perfons, all of whom knew Omai, before, he embarked withCapt. Furneaux, came on board. Yet their was nothing either tender or ftriking in their meeting.. On the contrary, their feemed to be a per^ k&. indifference on both fides, till Omai, having taken his brother down into the cabin, he opened the drawer . where he kept his red feathers, and gave him a few. This being prefcntly known, amongft the rcfl of the natives upon deck, the face of affairs was entb*ely turned, and Optee, who would hardly fpcak to Omai before, now begged that they might be tayop (friends) and exchange names. Omai accepted of the honour, and confirmed it with a prefent of red feathers ; and Ootee, by way of return, fent afhore for a hog. But it was evident to every one of us, that it was not the . man, but his property, they were in love witn. Had he not fhewn to them his' treafure of red feathers, which is the commodity in greatefl eflimation at the ifland, I qucflion much whether they would have bc- flowed even a cocoa-nut upon him. Such was Omai's reception amongft his countrymen. I own, I never eji- peey left behind, and whom the na- tives called Mateenj. .de himfelf very popular. He took uncommon pains . j ftudy their language, that he might be enabled to imprefs their minds with the moft exalted ideas of the greatnefs of the Spanilh Monarchy, and make them think meanly of the Englifli. He even went fo far as to affure them, that we no longer exifted as an indcpefidant nation ; that Pretane was only a fmall ifland which they, (the Spaniards) had entirely deftroy- ed ; and that as for Captain Cook, they had met with him at fca, an^, with a few Ihot, had fent his fliip, with every foul in her to the bottom. All this and many other improbable falfehoods, did the Spaniards make thefe people believe. But, if Spain had no other views, in this expedition, than to depreciate the Englifh, (he had better have kept her fliips at home ; for Captain Cook's return to the ifland (which, in courfe, was quite unexpeAed^ was conjfidered as a complete i^efutation of all that Mateema had faid. Waheiadooa, the Sovereign of Tiaraboo, (which Ixras the name of this part of the ifland) was now abfent. (This Round the WorldI 4U '(This was not the fame perfon, though of the fame name, with the Chief, whom Captain Cook had feen here during his laft voyage; but his brother, a boy a- bout ten years old, who had fucceeded on the death of the elder Waheiadoo, about twenty months before, and was now under'the tutorage of a Chief, named E- torea. The celebrated Queen Oberea was dead.) However, he foon after fent a meffage to notify his arrival, and to defire that the Captain would vifit him aihore. Accordingly Omai and the Captain prepared to make him a formal vifit. On this occafion, Omai, aflifted by fome of his friends, drelTed himfelf j not after the Englifti faftiion, nor that of Otaheite, nor that of Tongataboo, nor in the drefs of any country upon earth ; but in a ftrange medley of all that he was pof- feffed of. There was nothing remarkable in this inter- view, except the information that Captain Cook receiv-^ ed, that the Spaniards, when they vifited the ifland, had defircd the CJiiefs not to fuffer him to enter Oheitepeha bay, if he {hould return again, for that the ifland belong- ed to them. But the perfon, who addrefled me with this information, that they were fo far from paying any regard to this requeft, that he was authorifed now to make a formal furrcnder of the province of Tiaraboo to me, and of every thing in it ; which marks very plainly, that thefe people are no ftrangers to the policy of accommodating themfclves to prefent circumftanccs. At length, the young chief was direfted, by his attend- ants to come and embrace me ; and, by way of con- firming this treaty of friendftiip, we exchanged names. Tne ceremony being clofed, he and his friends^ accom- panied me on board to dinner. Omai had juft prepared a maro, compofcd of red and yellow feathers, which he intended for Otoo, th.e king of the whole ifland, and confidering where we were, it was a prefent of great value. I faid all that I couW ^tZ Captain Cook's third Voyage could to perfuade him not to produce it now, wifliing him to keep it on board till an opportunity (hould offer of prefenting it to Otoo, with his own hands. But Jbe had too good an opinion of the honedy and fidelity pf his countrymen to take my advice. Nothing would fervc him, but to carry it afhore on this occafion, and to give it to Waheiadooa, to be by him forwarded to ptoo, in order to its being added to the royal Maro. He thought, by this management, that he fliould oblige both chiefs ; whereas, he highly difobliged the pne, whofc favour was of the mofl confequence to him, without gaining any reward from the other. For Waheiadooa kept the marp himfelf, and only fent to Otoo a very fmall piece of feathers ; not the twen- tieth part of what belonged to the magnificent pre- iept. On the 24th of Auguft, Capt. Cook left the bay pf Qheitepha, and in the eyening anchored in Matavai Bay, in another part of the ifUud, whence he expeded his principal fupply. Here he and Omai had an inter- view with Otop, the king of the whole ifland. Omai had prepared himfelf for this ceremony, by drcifing himfelf in his very beft clothes, and behaved with a great deal of modefly. Neverthelcfs, very little% no- tice wasf taken of him. Perhaps, envy had fc ^e (hare in producing this cold reception. He made the chief a prcfcnt of a larf;e piece of red feathers, and about two pr three yards of gold cloth $ and I gaveliim ^ fuit of fine linen, a gold-laced hat, fome tools, and, y^hat was of more value than all the other articles, a Quantity of red feathers, and one of the bonnets in ufe at the Friendly Iflands. After the hurry of this vific was over, the king, and red to the »ofe tt was with thofe le was too ; and was tate him in c impoffible e Huaheine o avail my- ifland, and iver, we got sa, meaning fled himfelf a handfome r his EatoQa. g that fui- 1 fuch pru- ew moft of fc\\ as thofe loufe. The ^ery great i greater pro- n we had e- lefe iflands. in general^ Lc, but there lO appeared !Xtent of the lent appear- 1 fome time the Earee whie OUND THE WoRlD. 4i? Hhie cariie j but whert he appeared, I found thdt his preftncc might have be^n difpenfed \hmI 4lS Captain Cook's third Voyao* I, and afTeflion, while he ftaid amongd us; that hehact been brou^.it back again, enriched, by our liberality, ' with a variety of articles, which woulcl prove very ufe- ful to his countrymen ; and that, befides the two Kor- fes which were to remain with him, feveral other new and valuable animals had been left at Oiaheite, which willfoon multiply, and furnifh afufficient number for the ufe of the iflands in the neighbourhood. He then fig- nificd to them my earneft requcft, in return for all my friendly Otfices, that they would give him a piece of land, to build a houfe upon, and to raife provifions for himfelfand fervants; adding, that, if this could not be obtained for him in Huaheine, either by gift or by pur- chafe, I was determined to carry him to Ulietea, and fix him there. Perhaps I have here made a better fpeech for my friend, than he actually delivered ; but thefe were the topics I didated to him. I obferved, that what he con- cluded with, about carrying him to Ulietea, feemed to meet the approbation of all the Chiefs j and linftantly faw the reafon. 0:rai had as I have already mentioned, vainly flattered himfelf, that 1 meant to ufe force in re- ftoring him to his fathei's lands in Ulietea, and he had talked id'y, and without any authority from me, on this fubjeclt, to feme of the prelcnt aflembly; who dreamed of nothing lefs than a hoftile invafion of Ulietea, and of being aflifted by me to drive the Bolabolamen out of that ifland. It was of confequence, therefore, that I (hould undeceive them ; and, in order to this, ^ I lignified, in the moft peremptory manner, that I nci. ther would aflilt them in fiich an enterprife, nor fuffey ft to be put in execution, while I was in their feasj and that, if Omai fixed himfelf in Ulietea,. he muft be introduced as a friend, and not forced upon the ' BQlalola men as their conqueror. Tlus Round the World. 419 This declaration gave a new turn to the fentimentf cf the council. One of the chiefs immediately cxpref* fed himfclf to this efFe(5l: That the whole ifland of Hua-» heine, and every thing in it, were minei and that, there- fore, I might give what portion cf it 1 pleafed to my friend. Omai, who, like the reft of his coumrymen, feldon) fees things beyond the prefent moment, \ as freatly pleafed to hear this \ thinking, no doubt, that Ihould be very liberal, and give him enough. But to offer what it woqld have been improper to accept, 1 con- lidered as oH'ering nothing at all, and therefore, I no\v delired, that thfcy would not only afiign the particular fpot, but alfo the exacft quantity of land, which they would allot for the fettlement. Upon this, feme chiefs, who had already left the airembly, were feni for ; and, after a fhort confultation among ihemfelves, my requeft was granted by general confent,[and tpe ground imme- diately pitched upon, adjoining to. the houfe. where our meeting was held. T he extent along the hpte. of the harbour, was about 2oo yards ; and its clept,h to the foot of the hill, fomewhat mor*; but a pro-, portionabk part of the bill was included in ths grant. ' This bufinefs being fettled to the fatisfadlion o\ ajt parties, I fet up a tent alhore, eftabliOied a poft, iin4 ere(5led the obfervatories. The carpenters of both (hips were fet to work, to build a houfe for Omai, in which he might fecure the European commodities that were his property. At the lame time fome hands were employed in making a garden for his ufe, planting (haddocks, vines, pine-apples, melons, and the feeds of feveral other vegetable articles ; all of which I had the fatisfa(5lion of obferving rb be in a flouriihing ftate before I left the ifland. Qniai now began feiioufly to attend to his own af«> fairs. ! I I 420 Captain Cook's third Voyage fairs» and repented heartily of his ill-judged prodiga-r lity while at Otaheite. He foi -d at Huaheine, a bron ^her, a filler, and a brotheir-in law, the fiftcr being married. But thefe did not plunder him, as he had later ly been by his other relations. I was (brry, hqwever, to cl^fcover, that, though they were too honeft to dq him any injury, they were of too little confcquencje in thq ifland to do him any good. A man who is richer than his neighbour, k fure to be envied, by numbers who wifli to fee him broughi ^own to their cwn level. And what was his principal diinger, he was to be placed in the very fuigU;ljar fitua-i tion of belong the only rich mani in the conununity to which h© was to belong. And having by a fortupatQ ^qnneftion with us, got into his poiTcflion an accum^^ lated quantity of a fpecies of treafurc which npne oF his countrymen could create by any art or indu^ry oi ^is own J while all. coveted a llvarc o^ this envigd ^we?iltb, as it was n,atural to apprehend, th^t aU Would be ^eady to jpin in «|.ttempting to, f^rip itsj foJa proprietor. To prevent this, if poffible, I advifed him to make a, proper diftribution of fome of his movables, to two Cy three of the principal chiefs ; who, being thus gra- tified themfclyes, might be induced to take himi under their paironage,'and proteft him from the injuries of ethers. He promifed to fgUow my advice, j^nd t; hPard, with fatisfaftion, before I (ailed^ that this prudcijt flep tad been taken. I took every oppoirtuhijy gf notifying to ihc inhabitants, that it was my intiention to return to |his illand again, after being abieut the ufual tine.} an4 that if 1 did not find Qmai in tht fame ftate of fccurity in which I now leave him, all thoie whom I fliqiild then difcover, to have been his enemies, might cxpeft to feel the weight of my reXentnic% • ^ pmai's fE R o 7 N D THE World. 4«i rodiga-t a bron r being id later fure |Q broughii ^r fitua-« unity tQ artupato accum^^ noae of lu^ry ot i envi|?4 th^t sA\ its; ible Ipmai's Oma's houfe being nearly finiflacd, many of his mov- ables were carried afhore on the 26th. Amongft a va- riety of other ufelefs articles, was a box of toys, which, wtien expofed r^ public view, feemed greatly to pleafe the gazing multitude. But as to pots, kettles, plates, difties, drinking-mugs, glaffcs, and the whole train of our don^eftic accommodations, hardly one of his coun- trymeri vyould fo much as look at them. Omai himfelf now began to think that they were of no manner of life to him ; and therefore he very wifely difpofed of as mauy of tbefe articles of Engliih furniture for the kitch- en and pantry as he could find purchafers for, amongft the peopie of the fhips, receiving from them, in return, h?tchets, i^nd other tools, which had a more intrinfic value in this part of the world, and added more to his diftinguifliing fuperiority over thofe with v/hom he wa« to pa6 the remainder of his days. As fooH as Qinai was fettled in his new habitation, I began to think of leaving the ifland ; and got every thing oflF from the ftiore, this evening, except the horfe and marc, and a goat big with kid ; which were left in the poffcffion of our friend, with whom wc were now finally to part. I alfo gave him a boar and two fows of the Engliih breed j and he had got two fowsof tis own. The hklory of Omai will, perhaps, mtereft 3 very Bumeirous clafs of readers, more than any other oc- currence of a voyage, ^he objects of which do not, in general, proraife much entertainment. Every circum- ftance, therefore, which may ferve to convey a fatisfec- tory account of the exaft fituation in which he w&j left, will be thought worth preferving ; and the fol- lowing particulars are added, to complete the view of his domeftic eftablifliment, He had picked up at Ota- kite four or five Toutous j the two Zealand youths rc- . mained 42? Captain Cook's THiab Voyage mained with him i and his brother, and feme others, joined him at Huaheine : fo that his family confided al- ready, of eight or ttn perfons ; if that can be called a femily, to which not a fmgle female, as yet, belonged ; nor, I doubt, was likely to belong, unlefs its mafter be- came Icfs volatile. The houfe which we ere£l-ed for him was 14 feet by 18 1 and 10 feet high. It was compofed of boards, the fpoils of our military operations at Eimeo ; and, in building it, as few nails as, poflible were ufed, that there might be no inducement, from the love of iron, to pull it down, His European weapons confided of a mufquet, bay- onet, ?ind cartouch-box, a fowling-piece, two pair of pillols } ^nd two or three fwords or cutlaffes. The pofTefFion of thefe made him quite happy ; which was my only view in giving him fuch prefents. For I was al- ways of opinion, that he would have been happier without fire-arms, and other European weapons, than with them \ as fuch implements of war, in the hands of one, whofc prudent ufe of them I had fome grounds for miftrufting, would rather increafe his dangers, than cftablifti his fuperisrity. After he had got on (bore every thing that belonged tq- him, and was fettled in his new habitation, he had mod of the officers of both ihips, two or thres times, to dinner, and his table was always well fuppli^d with the vjery heft provifions that the ifland produced. Before I failed, I had the following infcription cut upon the outfide of his houfe : Gcorgius Tcrtius, Rex, 2 Novcmbris, 1777. Naves ft O U N D THE vr o %ttii 4«5 -- C Rcfolution, Jac. Cook. Pr. Naves ^ Difcovery, Car. Clerke, Pr. On the 2d of November, at four o'clock in the after- noon, I took the advantage of a breeze, which then fprung up atE. and failed out of the harbour. Moft of our friends remained on board till the ihips were under fail j when, to gratify their curiofity, I ordered five guns to be fired. The men all took their leave, except Omai, who remained till we were at fea. We had come to fail by a hawfer faflened to the fliore. In carting the (hip, it parted, being cut by the rocks, and the outer end was left behind ; as thofe who caft it off, did not perceive that it was broken ; fo that it became neceffary to ffnd a boat to bring it oa board. In this boat Omai went afliore, after taking a very afFeftionate farewel of all the officers. He fuflained himfelf with a manly refolution, till he came to me. Then his utmoft effort to conceal his tears failed ; and Mr. King, who went in the boat, told me, that he wept all the time in go- ing alhore. ^ It was no fmall fatisfaftton to refledl, that we had brought him fafe back to the very fpot from which he was taken. And, yet, fuch is the (Irange nature of human affairs, that we left him in a lefs defira' . fitua- tion, than he was in before his connexion wiu. ". I do not, by this, mean, that, becaufe he has talted the fweets of civilifed life, he muft btcome more miferablc from being obliged to abandon all thoughts of continii- ing them. I confine myfelf to this fingic difagreeable circumftance, that the advantages he received from us, have placed him in a more hazardous fituation, with refpeft to his perfonal fafety. Omai, from being much carcffed in England, loft fight of his original condition; and never confidered in what manner' his acquifitions, cither of knowledge or of riches, would be efteemed 4^4 Captain, Cook's tiIird VoYAofi by his countrymen, at his return j Which were the on-* ly things he could have to recommend him to them now, more than before, and on which he could build either his future greatnefs or happinefs. He feemed *ven to have miftaken their genius in this refpeft} andj in fame mcaforc^ to have forgotten their ciiftoms ; o- therwife he muft have knbwn the extreme difficulty there would be in getting himfelf admitted as a perfon of rank, where there is, peri:;aps, no inftance o^ a man's being raifed from an inferior Itation by the grcateft me- rit. Rank feems to be the very foundation of all di- ftift^ioti here, and, of its attendant, power; and fo pertinaeioufly, or rather blindly adhered to, that, un- lefs a perfon has fome degree of it, ht will certainly be defpifed and hated, if he affumes the appearance of ex- ercrfmg any authority. This was really the cafe, in fome mcafure, with Omai ; though his countrymen were pretty cautious of expreffing tlieir fentiments while wc remained among them*. Omai*s father was a man of confiderable property in Ulietea, when that ifland was conquered by thofe of Bolabola ; anproach, it was an agreeable furprifc Round t*h s W o r o^d. 4«9 furprifc to find that they fpoke the language of Ota-? jieite. It required but liitk riddrefs to get them to come along-fide ; but no entreaties could prevail on any of them to come on board. T heir behaviour feemed per- fedlly inofFenfive, and they had no arms of any kind, except fome fraali ftones, vhich they had evident\y. brought for their defence, ard which they threw away when they found they were not wanted. Capt. Cook proceeded to coafl along the ifland, in fearch of anchoring ground, thefe canoes left him ; but others came off, bringing with them r-Qaded pigs, and fome fine potatoes, which they exchanged for what- ever was offered them. Several pigs were .purchafed for a fixpenny nail. The next morning we met with JTeveral more canoes filled with people, fome of whom cook courage and ventured on board. In the courfc of our voyages; we never before met with the: natives of any place fo much aflonilhcd, as thefe people were upon entering a Hiip. Their eyes were continually flying from objcA to obje^; the wiJd- pefs of their looks and geftures fully expreiling their intirc ignorance about every thing they faw, and itrongly marking to us, that, till now, they had never been vifited by Europeans, nor been acquainted with any of our commodities, except ircn ; whicli, how- ever, it W''\s plain, they had only heard of, or had Jtnown it in ioihe fmall quantity, brc ught to them qt fome diftant period. Plates of ea:ihen-ware, china cups, and other fuch things, they were fo new to them, that they alked if they were made of wood, and wiftied to have fome, that they might carry them to be looked at on fliore. They were in fome refpcd ^la- iurjilly well bred,, or 4t leaft, fearful of giving offence, afking where they fliould fit down, whether they iiiight fpit upon the deck, and the like. One of the natives '* - . having 45c> CapYain' Cook^s third VavAoi having ftolen a butcher's cleaver, leaped overboard, got into his canoe, and h;a{tcned. to the ihure, the boa t$ pnrfued him in vain.^ Having fent, three vmpd boats under the command of Mr. Williamfon, to. look for a landing place, and for fifcfti water, about noon, Mr. \V>niamfon came back, and reported, that he ht^ feen a large pond behind a beach near one of thjc villages, which, ^he natives told him contained frefh water ; and that there was an- choring ground before ic He alfo reported, that he attempted to land in another place, but was prevented by the natives, vho, coming down to, the bpats in great numbers, attempted to take away the oars muf* quets, and in Ihort, every thing they could lay hold of; and prefled (6 thick upon hi\m, that he was obliged to fire, by which one man was killed^ But this un- happy circumftance I did not know till after we had left the ifland ; fo.that all my meafares were direcSied as if nothing of the kind had happened. Mr. Willi- amfon told me, that after the man fell, his country- men took him up, carded him off,, and then retired from tlft boat, but flill they made iignals for our peo- ple to land, which he declined. It did not appear to Mr. Williamfon, that the natives had any defign to kill, or even to hurt, any of his party ; but they feemed excited by mere cunofuy, to get from them what they had, being at the fame time, ready to give, in return, any thing of their own. In the afternoon of the 20th, I went afhore with three armed boats, andtwelve marines, to exannne the water, and to try the dirporition of the inhabitants, fc- veral hundreds of whom were aflcmbled on a fcndy beach before the village ; behind it was a narrow val- ley, the bottom of which was occupied by the piece of ^rf)*r\f The Round thb World. 43« The very inftant I leaped on (here, the colleAed bo« dy of the natives all fell flat upon their faces, and re- mained in that very humble pofture, till, by expreffive figns, 1 prevailed upon them to rife. They then brought a great many imall pigs, which they prefented to me, with plantain-trees, ufing much the fame ceremonies that we had feen pradlifed on fuch occafions, at the So- ciety and other iflands ; and a long prayer being fpoken by a (ingle perfon, in which others of the affembly fometimes joined. I expreiied my acceptance of their proffered friendfliip, by giving them, in return, fuch prefents as I had brojght with me from the (hip for that purpofe. When this introduAory bufinefs was fi- nifhed, 1 ftationed a guard upon the beach, and ^ot fome of the natives to conduA me to the water, which proved to be very good, and in a proper fituation for our purpofe. It was fo confiderable, that it may be called a lake; and it extended farther up the country than we could fee. Having fatisfied my ielf about this efTential point, and about the peaceable difpofition of the natives, I returned on board \ and then gave or- ders that every thing (hould be in readinefs for land- ing and filling our water-caiks in the morning (the 2ift) when 1 went a(hore with the people employed in this fervice, having a party of marines with us for a guard, who were (^tioned on the beach. As foon as v^e landed, a trade was fet on foot for hogs and potatoes, which the people of the iflaod gave us in exchange for nails and pieces of iron, form- ed into fomething like chiifels. We met with no ob- ^ruftion in watering i on the contrary, the natives af- flllcd our men in rolling the calks to and from the pool} and readily performed whatever we required. Every thing thus going on to my fatisfa^tion, and conlidering my prefcnce on the fpot as unneccffary, I left the com- mand to Mr. Wiiliamfon, and made an e^curfion in- to mm 43a Captain Cook's third Voyagb ro the country, up the valley, accompjtnted by fjlr. Anderfon and Mr. "Webber. A numerous train of Natives followed us ; and otic of thr^m, whom I had diftinguilhed for his a^ivity in keeping the reft in or- der, I made choice of iis our guide. This man, for fomc time, proclaimed our approach 5; and every one whom We met, feff proftf ate upon the ground, and re- mained in that pofition till we had paffed. This, as I afterwards underftood, is the mode of paying their refpcft to their own great chiefs. At fun-iet, I Tt>rought feme of the natives on board, having procured in the courfe of the day 9 tons of wa- ter ; we exchanged nails for 80 pigs and a few fowls. ITiefc people merited our beft commendations, in this coitimcrciaT intcrcoiirfe, never once arrtrapting to cheat usv Some of thbm, indeed, a^ already nYencioned, at firl^, betraved a thieviih difpofition j but they foon Jaid afide the?!- conduct, which, we convinced- rhcm, tfiey could npt perfevere in wkh impunity^ Amongrt the a'rticlies which tbcy brought to tarter, this day, we could not help taking notice of a particu- lar fort of clo*k and cap^ which, even in Countries where dref* is more particularly attended to, might be reckoned elegant. The firft, arc nearly of the fizc and fhape of the (hoi t cloaks worn by the women inEnglard, and the men in Spain, reaching to the middle of the back, and tied loofcly before. The gfound of thtrm is a net-work, upon which the moft beautiful red and ■ydlew feather?* arc fo clofely fixed, that clje furface might be compared to the thicUeft and richeft velvet, whieh tbey relemble, both as to the feel, and the giof- •fy appear?,ncc. The means of varying the mixture is If cry different ; feme- having triangular Ipaces of red and yeWow alterviateliy v others a kind of crcflent ; and fome that were en tifely red, had a broad yellow border, ^ ■ which R b ij N b THE World. 43i \^liich made them appear, at fome diftance, cxaAly like, a fcarlet cloak edged with gold lace. The brilliant co- lours of the feathers, in thofe that happened to be new^ added not a little to thciir fine ajjpbarancd ; iind we found; thi^t thejr were in high eftimation with their owners 5 for they would not, at firft, part with one of them, for any thing that we offered, alking no lefs a price than a mufquet i but fome were afterwards piir- chafed for lar^e nails. The cap is made almoft exdiftly like a helmet, with thfc middle .p'afti oi- creft, fometimes of a hand's breadth; and it fits very clofe upon the head, having notches to admit the ears. It is a frame of twigs aftd ofiers, covered with net-work into which are wrought feathers, in the fame maftner as iipoji the cloaks, tho* rather clofcr, and lefs divcflified ; (he greater part be- ing red; with fome blrfek, yellow, or green flripes, on the fidcsi following th^ curve direction of the creft. Tliefe, probably, eomplete the drefs, with the cloaks, for the natives fometimes, appeared with both on to- gether; Oil the 29th, Capt. Cook left Atooi, being driveii from the road by ftrefs of weather, and foon arrived off" the illand of Oneeheow. Here they were vifiiedTls before by the natives in their canoes. Many of them came readily on board; crouching down upon the deck, and hot quitting that humble poflure, till they -were defined to. get up. They had brought feveral females with tHem, who remained aldng.fide in their canoes, behavirtg with far lefs modefty than their country tvo* men of Atooi J and, at times, all joining in a fong, not remarkable for its melody, though performed in very exaft concert, by beating time upon their breafts with dieir hands. The men who had come on board, did not flay long ; and before they departed, fome of Numb. 1^. ^ t I i i them 434 Captain Cook's third Voyaob them requeded our permiillon to lay down on the deck, locks of their hair. On Sunday, Feb. i, I went aftiore in the pinnace, taking with me a ram-goat and two ewes, a boar and fo^-pig of the Englifli breed; and the feeds of me- lons, pumkins, and onions ; being very defkous of be^ nefiting thefe poor people, by'fiimiftiing them with fome additional articles of food. To one of them, whom Mr. Gore had obferved afTuming fome command over the reft, I gave the goats, pigs, and. feeds. I (hould have left ihefe well-intended prefents at Atooi, had we not been fo unexpeftedly driven from that ifland.' While the people were engaged in filling four w «. '• calks, I walked a little way up the country, attended by the man above-mentioned, and followed by two others carrying the two pigs. As foon as we got upon a riling ground, I ftopped to look round me ; and ob- ferved a woman, on the oppofite fide of the valley where I landed, calling to her country women who at- tended "me. Upon this, the chief began to mutter fomething which I fuppofed was a prayer ; and the two men, who carried the pigs, continued to. walk ror^-d me all the time, making, at leaft, a dozen cir- cuits before the other had finifhed his crayfon. This ceremony being performed, we proceeded ; and, pre- fently, met people coming from all parts, who, on be- ing called to my attcrJants, threw themfelves proftrate on their faces, till I was out of fight. The ground, which I paffcd, was in a ft ate of nature, very ftony, and the foil fecmed poor. It was, however, covered v/ith Ihrubs and plants, fome of which perfumed the air with more delicious fragrancy than I had met with at any of the other iflaiids vifited by us in this part of the ocean. ! Thefe Round t h e W o r l b. 435 Thcfetwo iflands of Atooi and Oneeheow> were part of aclufterof iflands, now firft di'*-overed, to which Capt. Cook gave the name of Siicdwich iflands. It is worthy of obfervaiion, that the iflands in the Pacific Ocean, which our late voyages have added to the geography of the globe, have been generally found lying in groups or clufter^ ; the fingle intermediate iflands, as yet difcovered, being few in proportion to the others; tho*, probably, there are many more of them ftill unknown, which ferve as fteps between the fevcral clUflers. Of this newly difcovered. Archipela- go, Gapt. Cook now faw five, whofc names, as given by the natives, are Woahoo, Atooi, Oneeheow, Oree- houa, and Tahoora. Of Atooi, which is the largcfl:, we (hall proceed to give the mofl interefting par-* ticulars. The inhabitants are of a middling ftaturc, firmly made, with fome exceptions, neither remarkable for a, beautiful (hape, nor for flriking features, which rather exprefs an opennefs and good-nature, than a keen in- telligent difpofition. Their vifage, efpecially amongfl: the women, is fometimes round, but others have it long; nor can we fay, that they are diftinguilhed, as a nation, by any general caft oi countenance. Their co- lour is- nearly of a nut brown, and it may be difficult to make a nearer comparifon.. The women arc a little more delicate thaa the men, in their formation ; but I may fay, that, with a very few exceptions, they have little claim to thofc peculiaricics that diftinguifli the fex. in other countries. However, upon the whole, they are far from being ugly, and appear to have few natUi. ral deformities of any kind. They are vigorous, afl-ive, and expert fwimmers j. leaving their canoes upon the mofl trifling occafion, diving under them, and fwimming to others, tho' at a 43^ Captain Cook's th^rd Voyage great diftancc. It was very common to fee women, with infants at the bread, when the furf, was fo high, that they could not ]and in the canoes, leap overboard^ and without endangering their little ones, fwim to the ihore, through a fea that looked teadfuh From the number which we faw coUu-^led at every village, as we liiiled paft, it may be fiippufed, jhat the .inhabitants of this ifland are pretty numerous. Any computation, that we m^jce^ can be only con)ectural. But, that fome notlqn may be formed, vfhich ihall not greatly err on eithe^ fide, I would (uppofc, that, in- cluding the Itragling houfcs, there might be, upon, the whole illand, fixty fuch villages, a? thi^t before which we anchored i and that, allowing five perfons to each toufe, there would be, in every village, five hundred; or thirty thoufand upon the iflmd. This number is,' certainly, not exagerated; for we had fonietimes three ihoufand perfons, at leaft, upon the. beach j w.h en k could not be fuppofed, that above ^ tenths part of lAvQ inhabitants were prelent, .^ * • > The wqn^en have large pieces of cloth wrapped round them, ireaching from juK below the breaft to the ham^, or lower; and fevera.1 were fecn with pieces thrown Joofely about the flioulders, vihich covvTcd Uie greateft part of the body; but the children, when very young, are quite naked. They wear nothing upon the head ; but the hair, in both fexes, is cut in different forms ; und the general fafhion, efpecially among ti;\e women, is, to have it long before, and fliort behind. The men often have it cut, or (haved, on each fidcj in fuch- a . manner, that the remaining part, in fome meafure,'re- femblcs the creft of their caps or helmets, formerly de- icribed* Both fexes, however, feem very carelcfs about their hair, and have nothing like combs to drefs it with. infta»cc;s of wearing it, in a^ lingular Tiianner, wc|r<; ^' ' > • ' . ' fcmeiimc^ 3E ^yomen, b high, rboard^ n to the t every that the ;.: Any jectural. (hall not Liat, in- pott. the e which to each undrctl i mber is, es three w.hen it rt of the Round the W o K h D» 457 fbmetimes irict with among the men, who twift it into a number of feperate parcels, like the tails of a wig, each about the ♦hicknefs of a finger; though the greateft part ofthefe, which are fo long that they reach far' down the back, we obferved, were artificially fixed upon the head, over their own hair. It is remarkable, that, con- trary to the general pradlicc of the iflands we had hither- to difcovered in the Pacific Ocean, the people of the Sandwich Iflands have not their c&rs perforated; nor have they the Icaft idea of wearing ornaments in them. Both lejkes, neverthelefs, adorn themfelvcs with neck- laces niade of bunches of fmall b'ack cord, like our hat- ftring, often above a hiindred-fold; cxadlly Uke thofe of Wateeoo; only, thati inftead ot the two little balls, on the middle before, they fix a fmall bit of wood, ftone, or (hell, about two inches long, with a broad hook, Uirning forward at its lower pait, well polKhed. They have, Ukewife, necklaces of maiiy fttingsof very fmall ftiells,or of the dried flowers of the Indian mallow. And fometimes, a fmall human image of bone, about three inches long, neatly poUfhed, n hung round the neck. The women alfo wear bracelets of a fiiigle fliell, pieces of black wood, w ith bits of ivory intei fperfed, and well poli (bed, fixed by a firing drawn very clofely through them; or others of hogs teeth, laid parallel to each o • ther, with the concave part outward, and the points cut o*f, fattened together as the former; fome of which ' made only of large boars' tulks, are very elegant. The men, fometimes wear plumes of the tropic birds Tea* ihcrs, (luck in their heads; or thofe of cocks, fattened round neat polilhed fticks, two feet long, commonly decorated, at the lower part, with oora; and, for the fame purpofe, the flun of a white dog's tail is fevved over a ftick, with its tuft at the end. They alfo, fre- quently, wear on the head a kind of ornament, of a finger's thicknefs, or more, covered with red and yel- low feathers, curipufly varied, and lied behind} and oA jhe 43^ Captain Cook's third Voyage the arm, above the elbow, a kin4 of broad fhell-work^ grounded upon ne£-work. The men are fr«quenily punAured, though not in any particular part, as the Qtabeitans, and tbo ft; of Tonga- taboo. Sometimes there are a few marks upon their hands, or arms, and near the groin; but frequently we could obferye norje at allj though a few individuals hadnaoreof this fort of ornament, than we had ufually feen at other places,, and ingenioufly exetuted in a great variety of lines and figures, on the arms and fore part of the belly; on which latter, fojTie of them had the fi- gure of the taame, or breaft-plate, of Otahcite, though \ve did not meet with the thiiigitfelf amongft. them. Though they feem to have adopted the mode of living in villages, there is no appearance af defence, or forti- fication^ near any of them: and theboufesare fcattered about, without any order, either with refped to the dif- tances from each other, or their pofition in any parti- cular dire«Tion. Neither is there any proportion as to their ITzei fome being large and commodious, from forty to fifty feet long, and twenty or thirty \)road, while o- thers of them are mere hovels. Their figure is not un- like oblong corn, or hay-flacks: or, perhaps, a better idea may be conceived of tliem, if we fuppofe the roof a barn placed on the ground, in fuch a manner, as to form *a high, acute ridge, with two very low fides, hard- ly difcernable at a diftance. The gable, at each, end, correfponding to the fides, makes thefe habitatious perfectly clofe all rou*^ ' i and they are well thatched with longgrafs, which is laid on flender poles, difpofed with fome regularity. The entrance is made indifferent- j ly in the end or fide, fi'd is an oblong hole, fo low,, that OKC mud: ratliei creep than walk in ; and is often | ihut up by a board of piaaks, fattened together, which (crves as a door, but having no hinges, muft be remo- ved Round the World. 439 vcd occafiohally. No light enters- the houfe, but by this opening i and thoujgh fuch clofe habitations may afford a comfortable retreat in bad weather,, they {eem but ill adapted to the warmth of the climate. They arc howcvir, kept remarkably clekn j and their floors are covered with a large quantity of dried grafs, over which they fpread mats to fit and flfecp upon. At one end Hands a kind of bench, about three feet high, on which their houlhold utenfils are placed. The cata- logue is not long* It confifts of goiird-fhells, which they convert into veflels thit ferve as bottles to hold water, and as baikets to contain their vidluals, and o- thcr things, with covers of the fame; and a few wooden bowls and trenchers, of different fizes. Judging from what we faw growing, and from what was brought to market, there can be no doubt, that the grcateft part of their vegetable food confifts of fweet potatoes, taro, and plantains; and that bread-fruit and yams are rather to be efteemed rarities. Of animal food, they can be in no want ; as th6y have abundance of hogs, which run, without reftraint, about the houles ; and if they cat dogs, which is not improbable, their ftock of thefe feemed to be very confiderable. The great number of lidMng- hooks found among ihern, fliewed that th^y derive no inconfiderable' fupply of animal food from the fea. But it ftiould feem, from their pradice of falting filh, that ♦he opennefs of their coaft often interrupts the bufinefs' of catching them ; as may be naturally fuppofed,, that no fct of people would ever think of prcfcrving quantities of food artificially, if they could depend upon a daily, regular fupply of it, in its frefh ftate. This fort of rea- foning, however, will not account for their ciiftom of falting their pork, as well as their fiih, which are prc- ferved in gourd-fliclls. The fait, of which they ufe a great quantity for this purpofe, is of a red colour, noc very courfe. It has its colour, doubtlefs, from a mix- ture of the jnudj at the bottom of the part where it is ' formedj 440 Captain Cqok's third VoyAge 'formed; for fome of It, that had adhered. into lumps, was of a futficicnt whitenefs . and purity. they bake their vegetable food with lieatcd ftones, as at the Southern Iflands; and from the yaft quantity which we faw drefled at one tinie, we fufpie<5led that the whole village, or, at leaft, a cohfiderable number ot pieople, joined in the ufe of a common oven. The only artificial difh that, we met with, was a taro pudding; which, though, a difagteealjle mefs front its faurnets, was greedily devoured by the natives. .They eair offa kind of wooden plates, or trenchers i and the, women, as hr as we could judge from; one inftancje, if reftrained from feeding at the fame difli with the men, as at Ota- heite, are, at leaft, permitted to eat in the fame phot near them. . Tlicfr amuiements f«pcriie(J prettj^ various ; for, during our Jliort ftay, feveral were.difcovered. The dances, at which they ufe.| the feathered cloaks, ^rid caps, were not feen ; but from the motions which they made with their hands, on other occafipns, when they fungj we could form fome judgement that they are, in fome de- gree at leaft, fimiiar to thofc we met .with, at the South- ern Iflands, though, not executed fo ikilfully.l Nekher had theyi anaopgft tjieni, either flutes m. reeds i arid the only two irvjf''' »l inftruments which we^ (pbferved^ . were of an exceeding rude kind. One of them does not produce a melody exceeding that of a child's rattle; It confifts of what may be called a Conic cap inverted, but fcarcely hollowed at the bafe above a foot high, made of a coarCc, fcdge-like plant ; the upper part of which, and the edges, are Amamented witli beautiful red feathers ; and to the point, or lower part, isifiiJCed a gourd-ftiell, larger than the firft., Into this is put fomething to rattle j which is done by holding the in- ftrument by the fmali. part, and .ftiakmg,, or rather moving Roui^D TriE World. 44^ Moving itj from place to place briikly, either to dif- ferent fides^ or backward and forward, juft before the ffice, ftriking the bread with the other hand at the fame uiii.e. The other mufical inftrument (if either of them deferve that name) was a hollow veffel of wood, like a platter, combined with the ufe of two fticks, on which one of our. gentlemen faw a min performing. He held one of the fticks^ aboyt twowfeet long, as we do a fiddle with one hand, and ftruck it with the other, which wa^ fmaller, and refembled a drum-ftick, in a quicker or ' flow.cr meafurej at the fame time beating with his foot upon the hpjlow. veflelj that lay inverted upon the ground, and thus producing a tune^ that was by no means difagreeable* This mufic was accompanied by the vocal performance of fome women, whofe fong had a pleafmg and tender effefti We obferved great tiuml^ers of fmatl polilhed rods, a- bout four or five feet long, fomewhat thicker than the rammer of a muiket, with a tuft of long, white dog's hair fixed on the fmall end. Thefe are^ probably, ufed in their diverfions.- We faw a perfon take one of them in his hand, and, holding up, give a fmall ftrokcj till he brought it into an horizontal pofition, ftriking with the foot on the fame fide, upori the groutfd, and with his o- ther hand, beating his breaft at the fame time. They play at bowls, with pieces of whet-'ftone, of about a pound weight, fliaped fomewhat iike a fmall C-heefe, but rounded at the fides ftnd edges, wTiich are .very nicely poliflied .; ?knd they have other bowls of the lame fort, made of a heavy, reddifti brown clay, neatly glazed over with a compofitipp of the fame colour, ^ or of a c bar fe, dark grey (late. They alfo ufe, m the fime manner that we throw quoits, ftnall, flat, rounded pieces of the writing flate, of the diameter of the bowls, but fcarcely a quarter of an inch , thick, alfo w^ell poliftied. From thefe circurallanccs, 6fle wbuld be K k k induG64 44j Captain Cook's third Voyaob ' induced to think, that their games arc rather trials of flciil than of ftrength. Had the Sandwich iflands beendifcoviered at an early period, by the Spaniards, there is little doubt that they would have taken advantage of fo excellent a fitu- ation, and made ufe of Atooi, or fome other of the iflands, as a refrefhing-place to the fhips, that fail an- nually from Acapulco to Manilla. How happy would Lord Anfon have been, and what hardfhips would he have avoided, if he had known that there was a group of iflands, halfway between America and Tinian, where all his wants could have been cffefiually fupphed. BOOK HI- C H A P. V, Curious marine phcenomena — ArrivaJ at Nootka found — ^Intercourfe with the natives — Defcription of their perfons — ^Thcir general difpofitions, and their ca» gernefs to poflefs iron and other metals* "... . ■ ' IN purfuing his yoyage northward, one of the mod curious circumftances which the Captain obferved, was during a calm on the and of March, 1778, when fome parts of the fea fecmed covered with a kind of flimc; and fome Imall fca animals were fwimming about. The Round the World. 443 The mod conrpicuous of which, were of the gelati- nous, or meduia kind, almoft globular ; and another fort fmaller, that had a white, or (hining appearance, and were very numerous. Some of thefe laft were ta- ken up, and put into aglafscup, with fome fait water, in which they appeared like fmall fcales, or bits of filver when at reft in a prone fituation. When they began to fwim about, which they did, with equal eale, upon their back, (ides, or belly, they emUtcd the brighteft colours of the moft precious gems, according to theit pofition with refpeft to the light. Sometimes they ap- peared quite pellucid, at other times alTumiug various lints of blue, from a pale fapphirine, to a deep violet colour, which were frequently mixed with a ruby, or opaline rednefs ; and glowed with ftrength fufScient to illuminate the' veflel and water. They proved to be ^ new fpecies of onifcus, and, from their properties^ were, by Mr. Anderfon, called onifcus fulgens; being, . probably, an animal which has a (liare in producing fome forts of that lucid appearance, often obferved near fliips at fea, in the night. The coaft of New Albion, in North America, was. 'firft defcried on the 7th ; but being much obftruftcd by adverfe and tempeftuous winds, it was not till the 29th, that the Captain came to anchor in a found, to which he gave the name of King George's Sound, but which the natives called Nootka. It is fituated on the E. corner of Hope Bay, in the lat of 49 deg. 33 min. N. arid in the long of 233 deg. 12 min. E. Various reparations of the (hips, and a very friendly inter«- courfe with the natives, employed his time till the 26th of April, when he put to fea in the further purfuit of his voyage. • When the Captain firft entered this Sound, three f PQes came off to the (hip. Ift one of thefe were two men. 444 Captain Cook's third Voyaob men, in another fix, and in the third ten. Having come pretty near, a perfon in one of the two laft fto,od up, and made a Jong harangue, inviting them to land, as was gucffed, by his geftures, ^t the fame time, he kept ftrewing handfuls of feathers towards them ;! and fome of his companions threw handfuls of a red duft in the fame manner. The pcrfqn who played the ora- tor, wore the fkin of fome animal, and held^ in calch hand, fomething which rattled a§ he kept flia^iag ii. After the tumultous noife had ceafed> they lay at .^lit- tle diftancc from the Ihip, and converfcd >yitli ^acli other in a very eafy manner ; nor did they feem to (hew the lead furprize or raiftruft. Soon after, the car noes began to come off in great numbers, and at one time, there was 32 of them, carrying from 3 to 8 per- fons each, both men and women. But tho* thefe vifit ters behaved yery peaceably, they could not be prevailed^ upon to come on board. They fhew^rd '- rcat readinefs. however, to part with any thing thc) lad, and too^ whatever was offered them in exchange ; but were more defirpus of iron, than of any other ar,uclc of commerce. The moft extraordinary of all articles they brought for fa|e, were human ikuUsj, and hailds, not yet quite llripped of theflclji, which they made- us plainly underftand they had eaten. We had but too much reafon to fufpe6>, from this circumftaiice, that the horrid practice of feeding on th'eij: enemies is as^ prevalent here, as we had. found it- to be at New Zea- land, &c. • . . . ■ ^-•'' The perfons of the natives are^,. in g^ncr^,, under, the, common ftature, but not flendcr in proportion,^ being commonly pretty full or plump. The vifag|e of moft 0^ them is round and full j the forehead rather Tow ^ the eyes black, and rather languilhing than fparkiing. They have either no be?.rds at all, which waS: molt foforoouly the cafe, or a fmall thin one upon tlie point J Round the World.' 445 of the chin» wjiich does not arife from any natural dc-. jc^ of; air on, that, part, bqt from plucking, it out more or lei^ ; ^or (imc or them, and particularly the old nic;n, have not only. confiderable beards a|l over the cbin,, but wliiUccrSv , or muf^achios, but on the upper lip* ;ind running thence toward the lower jaw obliqudy downward. ' ^ Tfieir,' colour we. could not pofciy^!/ dctermme, ajs tUeif bodies, were incru(le4 with pair^t and dirt; though ia particular c^es, whjeutthefc we^e well rubbed, ou^ ihe whiienefs of thq ilvin appear;rd to equal that of Europeans. Their children, whbfp /kins had never, been (laiiied with paint, alfo equalled ours in white- I I The wcm^n are^ nearly, of the fame fiip, colour, and ^rtt^ with the men ; fron:» whom ic is not eafy lodi- ftingulft^ them,, as they ppflefs no: natural deVvcaciesi fuffieient to render their perfons agreeable ^ and hardly any onc'wias feen, even thofe who were in the prime of life,, who h?id the Uaft. pretjenfions to be called* handfome, ', , , - The chief employment of the natives feems to be that of fiihing^ and killing land or fea animals, for the fuftenance of their, families \ for we, faw few of them doings any. thing in their houfes ; whereas the women, are occupied in manufaduring their flaxen or woollen garments^ and in preparing the 6(li called fatdine, foc drying;;.\yhich they carry upfcon^ the beach in twig^ balkets,. aftet the men have bro^iglu them in their ca-^ noes. The^ women are alfo fent in the fmall canoes to gather mufcles, and other Ihell-filh j and perhaps on tome other occafions. ASfe.^ercrnuch better enabled 'to form fomc judg. ment V J I 1 446 Captain Cook's third Voyaob nient of their difpofition, and, in feme meflfure, even of their method of living, from the freq^ent viflts fo many of them paid us at our flii^s, in their canoes ; in which, it Ihould feem, they fpend a great deal of time, at leaft iti the fummer feafon. For we obferved that they not only eat and fleep frequently in them, but ilrip o£f their clothes, and lay themielves along to bade in the fun, in the fame manner as we had feen pradlifed at their village. Their canoes of the larger fort, are, indeed, fufficiently fpacious for that purpofe, and per* fedlly dry ; fo that, under (belter of a flcin, they are, ^except in rainy weather, much more comfortable habi- faiions than their houfes. With refpedl to food, thtir greateft reliance fecms to be upon the fea, as affordjiig^ fiOi, mufcles, and fmaller lhell-fi(h, and fea-animals. Of the fird, the principal are herrings, far dines, two fpedes of bream, and fmall cod. But ifieiierrings and fardine;^ ure npt only eaten frelh, in their fcalon, but like wife ferve as (lores, which after being dried and fmqked, are prefervcd by being fewed up in mats, (bas to form large bales, thrtee or four feet fquare. The herrings alfo fupply them with another grand refource, which is a va(]t (quantity of roe, very curioufly prepared; |t is ftrewed upon, or as it were, incruftated about, (mall branches of the Canadian pine. They alfo prepare it upon a long narrow fca- grafs, which grows plentifully upon the rocks, under water.' It may be confidcrcd as the vinier bread of • thefe people^ and has no difagreeable (afte. They alfo roa(t the large kind of mufcle, then (lick them upon long wooden ikeuers, and taking them off oc^afiorally wanted, eat them without any other pre|pa,ration^ though they often dip them in oil, as a fauce. Of the fea-animals, the mod common in ufe amongfl them as food, isthe'porpoife, the fat or rind of which, 9$ 13 ' mm Hf - RouKD THB World, 447 is well as the flefh, they cut in lar^e pieces, aijd hav- ing dried them, as they do the herring., eat them with- out any farther preparation. They alfo prepare a fort of broth from tnis animal, in its frelh Itatc, in a lin- gular manner, puttmg pieces of it in a Iquare wooden veffel or bucket, with water, and then throwing heat- ed ftones into it. This operation they repeat tUI thev think the contents are fufEciently flewed or feethed. They put in the frelh, and take out the other Hones, with a cleft Hick, which ferves as tongs ; the velTel being always placed near the lire, for that purpofe. This is a pretty coinjnon dilh among them, and from its appearance, feems to be llrong nourilhlng food. Their manufaflures, and mechanic arts, are far more ingenious, both in defign and execution, than could have been expedled from the natural. jdifpolition of the people, and the little progrefs that civilization has made amongft them in other refpe£ls. Their flaxen garments are made of the bark of the pine-tree, beat into a hempen Hate. It is not Ipun, but, after being proper- ly prepared, is fpread upon a Hick, which is faftened acrofs to two others that (land upright. It is difpofed in fuch a manner, that the manufa which he gave the name of Cape Hiuchingbroke. Near this were fome rocky iflands, to which Mr. Gore was fcnt in a boar, in hopes of Ihooting fome eatable J)irds. But he had hardly got to them, before the natives made their appeariince in two large canoes, on which he thought proper to return to the ftiips, and they fol- Knvcd him. They would not venture along-fide, but kept at a diftance, hollowing aloud, and akernrtely ' lafping and extending their arms ; and in a ftiorttime, began a kind of long exaftly after the manner of ;hofe at Nootka. Their heads were all powdered with fea- thers. One man held out a white garment, which was interpreted as a fign of friendfliip ; and another flood up in a canoe, quite naked, for almoft a quarter of an hour, with his arms ftretched out like a crofs, and mo- tionlefs. Though the Captain returned all their figns of ^.icndfhip, and by every dxpreiTive gefture, tried to encourage them to come along-fide, he could not prevail. After receiving fome prefents which were thrown to them, they retired to that part of the (hore whence they came, making figns they would appear a- gain the next morning. The next morning, Gapt. Cook got under fail, in or- Lll der .% 4P Captain Cook's third Voyao« dcr to look out for feme fnug place, where he might fearch for a leak, which he had lately fprung. At firft the clearncfs of the weather tempted him to ftcer to the N. farther up the largefl inlet ; but bad weather re- turning, he was obliged to anchor, before he had got fo far into the bay as he intended. The wcathelf, bad as it was, did not hinder three of the natives froiii paying him a vifit. They came off in two canoes, hvo hien iii one, and one in the other, being the number each could carry. Each of thefe men had a: flick, about three feet long, with the large feathers or wings of birds tied to it. Thefe they frequently held up, with a view as was guelTedj to exprefs their pacific Uifpofition« T!ie treatitient thefe men met With, induced many more to come, between one and two the next morning (the 1 41:11) in great and fmall canoes. Some ventured on board the ihip, but not till fome of the crew had flepped into their boats. Amongll thofe who came on board, was a good-looking middle-aged man, who was afterwards found to be the chief. He was clothed in a drcfs made of the fea otter's fkin» and had on fuch a cap as is worn by the natives of Nootka Sound, orna- mented with iky-blue glafs-bcads about the fize of a large pea. He feemed to fet a much higher value up- on thefe, than upon our white glafs beads. Any fort of beads, however, feemed to be in high eflimation with thefe people ; and they readily pave whatever they had in exchange for them, even their fine otter jQwins. Thefe people were alfo dclirous of iron, but they wanted pieces of eight or ten inches long at lcafl,and of the breadth of three or four fingers. For they abfo- lutely reje(5led fmall pieces. Cunfequently they got but little, Round the World. 45^ iittle, iron having, by this time, become a fcarce articlej The Captain could not prevail upon the Chief to truft himfelf below the upper deck; nor did he and his com- panions remain long on board. But while he had their ,coipp«iny, it was necelTary to watch them narrowly, as ^hey foon betrayed a thievifti difpofition. At length, after beijig about three or four hours along-fide the Refolution, rhcy alllrfther and went to the Difcovery ; none having been there before, except one man, who at this time, came from her, and immediately returned thither in company with the reft. When this was ob- ferved, it was thought this man had met with fomething there, which he knew would pleafe his countrymen better than what they had met with on board the Re- iblution. As foofl as they were 3one, I fent a boat to found the head of the bay : for as the wind was moderate, I had thoughts of laying the fliip afliore, if a convenient place could be found \yhere I might begin our opera-, tlon to ftop the leak. It was not long before all the natives left the Difcovery, and inftead of returning tq us, made their way toward our boat employed as above. The officers in her feeing this, returned to the (hip^ iand was followed by all the canoes. 'Jlie boat's crew had no fooner got on board, leaving ii^ her two of their number, by way of a guard, than forajs ojE the natives ftepped into her. Some prefented their fpears^ before the two men ; others cad loofe the rope which, faftened her to the lliip, and the reft attempted to tow; her away. But the inftant they faw us preparing to oppofe them, they let her go, ftepped out of her into their canoes, and made figns for us to lay down our arms, having the appearance of being as perfedly un- concerned as if they had done nothing amifs. This, tho' rather a moft daring attempt, was hardly equal to what they had meditated ou board the Difcovery. The man pr 1^ ! 452 Captaiij Cpoi^'s THiR;p Voyage man who came and carried all his countrymen from the Refolutlon to the other (hip, had firft been on bpard of her, where, after looking down all the hatchways, and feeing nobody but the officer of the watch, and ope or two more, he no doubt thought they might plunder her with cafe, efpecially as fhe lay at fome difiance from us. It was unqueftionably with thi? view, that they all repaired to her. Several of them, without any ceremony, went on boarcj, drew their knives, made figns for the officer and people pn deck to keep off, ahj began to look about them for plunder. The firft thing they met with was the rudder of the boat, which they threw overboard to tjiofe of the par- ty who had remained in the canoes. Before they had time to find anpther objcA that pleafed their fancy, the crew were armed, and began to come on deck with cutlaffes. On feeing this, the whole company of plun- derers fneaked offinto their canoes, with as much deli < deration and indifference ^s they had given up the boat, ^nd they were obferved defcribing to thofe who had not been on board, how much longer the knivco of the lhip*s crew were than their own. It was at this time, that my boat was on the founding duty, which they mud have fecn ; for they proceeded dircdlly for her, after their difappointmcnt at the Difco- very. This day in heaving the anchor out of the boat, one of the feamen, cither through ignorance or careleflpcfs, was carried oyerboard by the buoy-rope, and followecl the anchor to the bottom. It is remarkable, that in this critical fituation, be had prefence of mind to difengage jiimfelf, and come up to the furface of the water, where he was taken up, with one of his legs fra^urea in a dangerous manner. 1'he i^th i^pd i6th was employed in (topping the lc8K< Round the World. 45.5 leak. This was done in a bay, which Capt. Cook very properly called Snug Corner Bay. On the 17 th the Captain weighed, and fteered to the ^orth- wed ward ; thinking, if therqfliould be anypai- * (age to the N. through this inlet, that it muft be in that dire^ibn. Soon after he was under fail, the natives irt both great and fnjall canoes, paid another vifit, which gave an additional opportunity of forming a more per- fedl idea of their perfona, drefs, and other particulars. Thefe viliters feeiiied to have no other bufinefs, but to gratify thipir curiofity, for they entered into no fort of tjrafEc. ^rotx^ vaifious circumftances, Capt. Cook foand it tiighly improbable, that there (hould be a paflUge to the >f. He proceeded, therefore, on the i8th, to the South- weft ward, down the inlet, another paflage to which he difcovered, to the S. W. of that by which he came in, which enabled him to (horten his way out to fea. It is feparated from the other by an ifl^nd, ex- tending 18 leagues in the diredion of N. E. and S, W. to which he gave the name of Montagu Ifland. In this S. W. channel are feveral iflands. Thofe that lie in tha entrance, next the open fea, are high and rocky. Hut thofe within are low ones, and being entirely free fronr« (now, and covered with wood and verdure, on this Recount they were galled Green Iflands. in a channel j>et jvcen thefe iOands and Montagu Ifland, he fteered on the 19th, and on the 20th, was azain in the opsn fea, the cos^ft trending W. by S. as tar as the eye could feach. To *'•* inlet, which Capt. Cook had juft lefc, ht gave the name of Prince WiUiam's Sound, and from what he faw of it, he fuppofed that it occupied at tfaft a ^cgree and a half of latitude, and two of long. exclufive Il 454 Captain Copic's third Ycyage cxclufive of the arms or branches, the extent of which js not known. The natives were in general Tipt above the common height, though maiiy of them were jinder it. They were fqiiare or ftrong chefled ; and the moft difpropor- tioned part of their body feem?d to be their heads, iVhich v^ere very large, with thick (hort pecks, and lairge, broad, or fpreaiding faces V which, upon the whole, were flat. Their eyes, though not fmall, fcarce bore a proportion to the fize of their faces % and their nofes had full round points, hooked, or turned up at the tip. Their teeth were broad, white, equal in fize, and evenly fet. Their blackt thick, ilraight^ and ftrong ; and t(ieir beards in general thin, or wanting ^ but the hairs about the lips of thofe who have them, were ftilTor brlftly, and frequently of a brown colour. But feveral of the elderly men had even, large and thick, but ftraight beards. Though, in general, they agree in the niake of their perfons, and iargenefs of their heads, there is a consi- derable variety in their features ; but very few can be faid to be of the handfomer fort, tho* their counte- nance indicates a na.ural (hare of vivacity, good nar ture, and franknefs. Some of the women have agree- able faces, and many are eafily diftinguilhable fiom the men by their features, which are more delicate ; but this (hould be underftood chiefly of the younger fort, or iniddle aged. The complexion of the women, and of the children, is white ; but without any mixture of red. And fome of the men, who were feen naked, had ra- ther a brownifli or iwartliy caft, which could fcarcely be the effedt of any flain ; for they do not paint their bodies. ' Their common drefs (for men, women, and chil- dren, V Round the World. m dren, arc clothed alike) is a kind of dofe frock, or rather robe, reaching generally to the ankles, though fometimes only to the knees. ,And the upper part is a holejuft fufficient to admit the head, with fleeves that reach to the vvrift. Thefe frocks are made of the (kins of different animals ; the moft common of which are thofe of the fea-otter, grey fox, racoon, and pine-mar- tin, with many of feal (k\ns ; and, in general, they arc worn with the hairy iides outward. Some alfo have thefe frocks made ot the (kins of fowls, with only the down remaining on them, which they glue on other fubftances. When it rains, they put over this another frock, ingenioufly made from the inteftines of whales, or fome other large animal, prepared fo Ikilfully, as al- moft to refcmble our gold-beaters leaf. It is made to draw tight round the neck -, its fleeves reach as low as the wrift, round which they are tied with a ftring; and its (kirts, when they are in the canoes, are drawn over the rim of the hole in which they fit, fo that no water can enter. At the fame time, it keeps the men entirely dry upward. For no water can penetrate thro' it, any more than thro* a bladder. The men commonly wear the hair cropt round the neck and forehead, but the women allow it to grow long , and moft of them tie a fmall lock of it on the crown, or a few club it behind, after our manner. Both fexes have the ears perforated with feveral holes, about the outer and lower part of the edge, in which they hang Utile bunches of beads. The feptum of the nofc is alfo perforated, through which they frequently ihruft the quill feathers of Imall birds, or little sending ornaments, ftrung on a ftiff ftring, 3 or 4 inches long, which give them a truly grotcfque appearance. But the moft uncommon and unfightly ornament fa(hion, adopted by fome of both fexes, is their having their under lip flit; or cut, quite through, in the diredion 9f 4S^ Captain CJook''^ TiiitLb VoVaok VM ' :l ' pf the mouth, a little before t^e ft^eUing part, this incifion, \*'hich is made even in the fucking children^ 18 often above ttvo inches long ; and either by iti na* tural- retriclton, when the wound is frelh, or by the fcpctnion of lome artificial management, affiimes the true ftiape of lips, and becbmes To large as to admit the tongue through. This happpincd to be the cafe when the firft perfon having this incifiOBi wa6 feen by one of the feamcn, who caBtd out that the man had two mouths i and indeed, it does not look much un- like it. In this artificial mouth they ftick a flat, nar- row ornament, made chiefly out of a folid fhell or bone, cut in little narrow pitcrs, like fmall tceth^ almoft down to the bafc or thickeft pait, which hca a fmall projecting bit at each end that fupports it when put into the divided Up, the cut part then appearing out- ward. Others have the lower lip only perforated into feparate holes ; and then the ornament confifls of ma- ny diftin^t Ihelly ftuds, whofe points are pufhed thro^ thefe holes, and the heads appear withm the lip, as a- noiher row of teeth under their owp. Thefe are their native ornaments, fiut mafty beads cf European manufacture were found among them, chiefly of a pale blue colour, which they hang in their cars, about their caps, or join to their lip-ornaments, ^^hich have a fmall hole drilled in each point to which ihey are faftened, and others to them, till they hang fometimes as low as the point of the chin. But, in this laft cafe, they cannot' re move them roeafily ; for, a^ to their own lip-ornaments, they can take them out with their tongue, or fuck within, at pleafurc. They alfo wear bracelets, of the fhelly beads, or otliers of a cy- lindrical fhape, made of a fubftance like amber, with fuch alfo are ufed in their cars and nofeiS. And fo fond are they, in general, of ornaments, that they ftick any thing in their perforated lip ; one man appearing with ttotlMD THI WoliLO. 4r with two of our iron nails proje^ling from it like pronj^s ; and another endeavouring to put a large brafs button into it. The men frcqu^iitly paint their facfes of a bright red, and of a black colour, and fometimes of a blue, or lead- en colour; but not in any regular figure; and the wo*^ men, in fome meafure^ endeavoured to imitate them, by puncturing or ftaining the chin with black, that comes to a point in each check. Their bodies arc not painted, which may be owing to the fcarcity of proper materials ; for all which they brought to fell in bladders, were in very fmall quantitieSi The weapons, and inftruments for fi(hing aiid hunt- ing, with their canoes, are the very fame that are made uftj of by the Efquimaux and Qrecnlandcrsi For de- ' feufivc armour they have a kind oi jacket^ or coat of mail, made of thin lathes, bound together with fmews, wiJch makes it quite ilcxiblci though fo clofe as not to admit of an arrow or dart. It only covers the trunk of the body, and may not be improperly compared to a woman's ftays* As tidhc of thefe people lived in the bay where Clap- taiii Cook anchored, or landed, he faw none of their ha- bitations j and had not time to look after them. Of their domeftic utenfils, they brought in their boats fomc round and oval ihaliow dimes of wood ; and others of a cylindrical flaape much deeper. The fides were made of one piece, bent round, like our chip-boxes, though thick, neatly fattened with thongs, and the bottoms fix- ed in with- fmall wooden pegs. Others were fmaller, and of a more elegant ftiape, fomewhat refembling a large oval butter-boat, without a handle, but more flial- low, inade from a piece of wood, or horny fubltance^ Thefe laft were fometimes neatly carved. They had Numb* 3o M m m many 45^ Captain Cook's third Voyaoi many little fquarc bags, made of the fame gut with their outer frocks, neatly ornamented with very minute red feathers interwoven with it, in which were contain- ed fome very fine finews, and bundles of fmall cord, made from them, moft ingenioufly plaited. They alfo brought many chequered balkcts, fo clofcly wrought as to hold water; fome wooden models of their canoes; a good many little images, four or five inches long, either of wood, or ftufFed; which were covered with a bit of fur, and ornamented with fmall quill feathers, in imitati- on of their flielly beads, with hair fixed on their heads. Whether thefc might be mere toys for children, or held in veneration, as reprefenting their defeafed friends, and applied to fome fuperftitious purpofe, could not be determined. But they have many inftruments made of two or three hoops, or concentric pieces of wood, with a crofs-bar fixed in the middle, to hold them by. To thcfe are fixed a great number of dried barnacle-lhells, with threads, which fcrve as a rattle, and make a loud noife, when they Ihakc them. This contrivance feems to be a fubftitute for the rattling-bird at Nootka ; and perhaps both of them are employed on the fame occa- fion. Whh what tools they make their wooden utenfils> frames of boats, and other things, is uncertain ; as the only one fecn amongft them was a kind of adze, made almoft after the manner of thofe of Otaheite, and t^e other iflands of the South Seas. They . have a great many iron knives ; fome of which arc ftraight; others a little curved ; and fome very fmall ones, fixed in pretty long handles, with the blades bent upward, like fome of our fiioemakers inftruments. But they have ilill knives of another fort, which are fometimes near two feet long, fliaped almoft like a dagger, with a ridge in the middle. Thefe they wear in meaths of ikins, hung by a thong round the neck, under their robcj and they are .Round the World. 459 arc, probably, only ufcd as weapons ; the other knives being apparently applied to other purpofes. Every thing they have, however, is as well and ingeni- oufly made, as if they were furniflied with the mod icopiplete tool-cheft; and their fcwing, plaiting of fmews, and fmall work on their little bags, may be put in com- petition with any the moft delicate manufaftures found in any part of tjie known world. In fliort, confidcring the rude uncivilifed ftate in which thcfe people are, their Northern fituation, amidd a country perpetually co- vered with fnow, and the wretched materials they have to work with, it appears, that their invention and dex- terity, in all manual works, is at lead equal to that of any other nation. The food which they were feen to eat, was dried fifti and the flelh of fome animals, either broiled or roaded. Some of the latter that was bought, fcemed to be bear's flefti, but with a fiftiy tade. They alfo eat the longer fort of fern-root, mentioned at Nootka, either baked* or dreffed in fome other way : and fome were feen to eat freely of a fubitance which was fuppofed to be the in- ner p^rt of the pine bark. Their drink is mod proba- bly water ; for in their boats they brought fnow in the wooden vcflels, which they ^wallowed by mouthfuls. Perhaps it couid be carried w. h lefs trouble, in thefe open ve0els, than water itfclf. Tlieir method of eaiinpf feems decent atid cleanly; for they always took cure to feperatc any ^irt that might adhere to their vidluals. And though they fometimes did eat the raw fat of fome fea animal, they cut it carefully into mouthfuls, with their fmall knivcs."^ The fame might be faid of their perfons, which, to appearance, were always clean and decent, without greafe or dirt; and the wooden veflels, in which their viftuals were, probably put, were kept in excellent order; ac \vt 11 as "their boats, which were ^eat and free from lumb^^r, • " Theii ^, \>^4 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■so ^^ ^ li& 12.0 2.2 IL25 U 1.4 |lj6^ Fhoiographic Sciences Corporation 33 ¥VIST MAtf« i^MHT WnSTM.N.Y. \4&M (7l*)l73-450;f .V 4^ ■^^" 460 CAPTAIlf COOJ^'S THIRP VOYAQJI Their language feems difEct^t to be uti^erftopd at firft; not from any indiftiu^hicfs or confuiion in their words and founds, but from the various figniiication^ ^eyhave. Beiides thofe animals, which were feen at Noptka, there are lomc in this place which are not found there; fijph as, the whi^e bear; ot whofe ikin$ the natives lirpught feveral pieces, and fome entire fkitis of cubs]} frpm which their fi^c could nqt be df^terminfi. There was alfo the wolverine^ or quickhatch, which had very bright colours; a larger fort pf ermine than the com- mon one, which is the fame as at I^ootka, Y^rled with abrpTitrn colour, and with fcarcely any black on its tail. *rhe natives alfo brought the (kir^ pf the head pf fome very larjgc animal j but itfopldnot poffitiyely betlctcrmi^ ^d what it was; though from the fblour and ikajgjhcfs of the hair^ and its unlikenelfs tp any other land animal, it might probably be that of the large male priine feal, prfeabear. Bytoneof the mod beautiful £kins, and which feeins peculiar to this place, is that of-afmali a- nimal about ten inche? long, of a tirown or rufty colour on the back, with a great number of obfcurc whitilli fpecks; and the fide^ of a bluci0i afh col our, alfo with a few of thefe fpecks. The tail is not above a thir4 of the length of its body, and is covered with hair of a whi^ tifli colour at the edges. It is no doubt the fame with thofe called (potted Held mice, by Mr. Stsehlin, in his ihore account of the New Northern /Vrchipelago.' But whether they be rcallv of the moufe kind, or a fquirrel* could not be told, n>r want of perfe^ ikins^ 'though Mr. Anderfon'w^s inclined ^o think that it is the fame animal defcribed under the namb of the Cafoh njiarinot, Vy Mr. Pennant. The number of ikins found here, points out the great plenty of thefe feveral aiiimals juft mentioned ; but it is remarkable, neither the fkiiis of the moufe nor of the common deer were to be fccn. U»v '.■■■* .1 ...... , ... Round the -WoaLB. *6f Of vh€ blrdg faemioncd at Nootka, were found bcrtt oalj the wlute-beadc^ eagle; tbejliag; the alqron, or great king^fifh^r, whicli had vtiy fine bright colours ) and the huming-bird, which came frequently about tl;^ ftiip, while at anchor } though it can fcarcciy live her$: ia the winter, which miift be very icvere. The water fowl were gcefe $ a fmall fort of duck, ahnoft like that mentioned ^ Kerguelen's Land ^ another fort which no one knew ; and fome <^ the black feapyes, witli red bills* which were ibuftd at Van 0i;n)en'$ Land and New ZcJ^land* Some of the people who went on (bore, killed a goofe, a fnipe, and feme plover. But though^ upon the whole, the water fowl were prettv numerous, efpccially the ducks and gcefe, which frequent the. fliorc, they were fo Qxy, that it was fcarcely pofliblc to get within fhot ; fp that they obtained a very fmall fu|)- ply of thjmi as a refrdbment. Their metals we*e copper and iron 5 botb whicli, particularly the latter, were in fuch plenty, as to con- (titute the points of mofl of the arrows and lances. The ore^, with which they painted themfclves, were a rcn, brittle, nn£luous ochre, or iron-ore, not much un*. like cinnabar in colour ; a bright blue pigment ; and black lead. Each of thefe feems tQ bp very fcarce, as ^hey brought very fmall quantities of the firft and laft, and feemcd to, keep them with great care. Few vegetables of any kind were feen ; and the tree s lykich chiefly grew here, were the Canadian and fpruce pine, ajid fome of them tolerably large. Xlie beads and iron found amonft thefe people, left no doubt, that they mufl have received them from iome civilized nation. It was pretty certain, from cir- cumftances already mentioned, that Captain Cook's people w«re the firl) Europeans with whom tbey had pver 46a Capiaik Cook's third Voyage ever communicated direAly; and it remains only to be decided, from what quarter they had got our manufac- tures, by intermediate conveyance. And -there cannot be the lead doubt of their having received thefe article^, through the intervention of the more inland tribes, 'from Hudfon's Bay, or the fettiers on the Canadian lakes; unlefs it can be fuppofed (which however is lefs likely) that the Ruffian trader^, from Kamfchatka, have already c^ctended their traffic thus far; or at !ea(l that the natives of their moft Eafterly Fax Iflands com- municate along the coad, with thofe of Prince William's oound. As to the copper, thefe people feem to procure it themfelvcs, or at moft it pafles through very few hands to them ; for they ufed to exprefs it being in a fufficiT cnt quantity amongft them, when they offered any to barter, by pointing to their weapons ; as if to fay, that having fo much of this metal of their own,, they want? cd no more. * It is, however, remarkable,' fays Captain Cook, * if the inhabitants of this Sound be fupplied with Eu- ropean articles, by way of the intermediate traffic to tlieEaftcoaft, that they (hould, in return,* never have given to the more inland Indians any of their fea- otter Ikins; which would certainly have been feen, fonic time or other, about Hudfons Bay. But, as far as I know, that is not the cafe ; and the method of account- ing for this,' muft be by taking into confideration the very great diftance ; which, though it might not pre- vent European goods coming fo tar, as being fo un- common, might prevei>t the (kins, which arc z. com- mon article, fiom pafling through more than two or three diiicrent tjibes, who might ufe themi for their" own clocvthing ; and fend others, which they efteemed lefs valuable, as being of their own animals, Eaftward, till they reach the traders from Europe.* B O O 15 Round the ^ oHLifi 4^S BOOK m. C H A P. VI. Difcovery of Cook's River.-r—RefleAi6ns on this Difco- very.— Poffcffion taken of the Country and River, in his Majefty's name. — A beautiful bird defcribed.-^ Conje(5lurcs concerning g Ruffian Letter brought On , board by one of the Natives. — ^FiAurefque Appear- ance of a volcano. — Second vifit from a 'Native- Providential Efcape. — Arrival at the Ifland of Oona- laflika, and Intercourfe with the Natives. Ay TER leaving Prince William's Sound, on the aoth of May, 1778, Captain Cook fteered S. W. * as the coaft lay •, and, on the aift, difcovered a lofty promontory, which he named Cape Elizabeth, and which, at firft, h^ miftook for the weilern extremity of America. But he foon faw more land to the weft«vard, and found that this, with that which he had before fup* pofed to be the weft cape of America, were the two boundaries of the entrance into a very large river, up which he failed above 70 leagues, before he was abfo* lutely certain it was not a ftreight which led into th^ northern ocean. This river has fince been named Cook's River, by the exprefs command of Lord Sand- wich. . ' If the difcovery,* faysCaptain Cook, * of this great riveri which^promifes to vie with the moft cpnliderable ones 4^4 CJaptain Cook's third VoYAfti ones already known to be capable of extenfive inland liavigation, (hould prove ot ufe 6Uhcf to the prefent^ or to any future age, the time we fpent in it ought to be the lefs regretted. But totis who had a much great- er objed in view, the delay thus occafioned was an ef- fential lofs. TM fcafon was advancing apace. We knew not how far we might have to pioceed to the South; and we were now convinced, that the conti- nent of America extended farther to the Weft than^ from the modern rtiofi reputable charts we had reafon to exped. This made the exiftcnce of a pafiage into Bdd{n*s or Hud foil's Bay lefs probable; or^ at leaft, fhe^ed it to be of greater extent. It wis a ^tisfac^lion totn^, however, to rcfledl, that, if I had ndt eatamined this very confiderablc inlet, it would have been affumcd by rpeculativ€ fabi icators of Geography, a$ a faxS, that it coittttiunicated with the Tea to the North* or with Haffifr'sor H«4fon's Bay to thcEaft j aiJd been marked, perhaps, in future maps of the world, with greater precifion, and more certain figns of reality, than the invifible, becaufe imaj^kiary, Straits of deFuca ^d de Fontcw' ■ -'• Befiore Captain C«0k quitted this river, hcicnt Lieu- tenant Kiftg, with two armed boats, with orders to iand qA a point of land, ©n the S. E. fide bt theriverj Id dlfplay the flag there ; to take pofleffion of the coun* try and river in his Majefty's name ; and to bury in the grounil a bottle Containing fotnt pieces of Engli(h coin, of the year i77«» and a paper, on which was hifctib^d ti^tf n«ltAed of the (hips, and date of the difco- Vei'y. On this aecouiit, this point of land was called l^O'int l^dflefiionk The natives of the adjoining iflands and ccaft, who tratHcked much with the crews of the two (hips, while ihey were exploring the river, (eemed l& be«r *A}Ch'a^rik)ng refembtai^ce to the inhabitant^ of Fiince Wittiain*6 Sound, that ^ de^ij^tioki of them is i^uite Round thb World. 465 quite utineceflary.— ^To the preceding reflc(5lions on the difcovery of this river, Captain Cook adds, :hat • there is not the lead doubt, that a very bencBeial fur trade might be carried on with the inhabitants of this vaft coail i but that unlefs a northern paflage lliould be found pradticable, it Teems rather too remote for Great Britain to receive any emolument from it.' Having cleared the mouth of Cook's river, on the 6th of June, the Captain fleered, for feveral days, S. W. by W. as the coaft lay, bqing continually within fight of the continent, among innumerable iflands, and generally in thick foggy weather. On the 1 8 th, having occafion to fend a boat on board the Difcovery, one of the people in her fhot a very beautiful bird of the hawk kind. It is fomewhat leis than a duck, and of a black colour, except the fore- part of the head, which is white ; and from above and behind each eye rifes an elegant yellowifh- white crcft, revolved backward as a ram*s horn. The bill and feet are red. Capt. Cook conjeftures it to be the Alca Mo- nochrda of Steller, mentioned in the Hiftory of Kamt- fchatka. Several of thefe birds were afterwards feen, and fom^etimes in large flocks. ' On the 19th, fome natives^ in three or four cailoes, who had been following the Difcovery for fome time, at length got under her ftern. One of them then made many figns, taking off his cap, and bowing, after the European manner. A roap being handed down, to this he faflened a fmall thin wooden cafe or box ; and having delivered this fafe, and fpoken fomething, and made fome more figns, the canoes dropped aftern* and left the Difcovery. No one on board had any fufpicion that the box contained any thing till after the departure of the canoes, when it was accidentally opened, and a N n n piece 46$ Captain Cook's thirI) Voyao* |>fec« of paper was founds folded u{> carefully, upoii which fomething was written in the Ruffian language, a& was fuppofed. The date 1778 was perfixed to it; -And, m the body of the written note^ there wad a re- ference to the year J 7 76. Not one being learned enough to decypher the alphabet of the urttcr^ his nu- merals marked fufiiciently that others had preceded us in vifitingihis dreary part of the globe, who were Uni- ted to us by other tics be5deii iliofe of our cortimon na- .ture ; and the hopes of ibon meeting with fome of the Iluilian traders, could not but give a fenfible fatisfac- tion to tbofe who had, for fueh a length of time^ been eonverfant with the favages of the Pacific Ocean, and of the continent of ^k)rth America. Captain Clarke was, at firft, of opinion, that fon>e feuflians had been (hipwrecked here ; and that thefe uniortunate perfpns, Seeing the (hip pafs, had taken this method to inform them of their fituation. Impref- fed with human(t fcntiments, on fuch an occafion, he was dcfirous of topping till they might have time to join the ihips. JBut no fuch idea occured to Captain Cook, to whom it feenied obvious, that if this had been the cafe, it w ould have been the firft ftep taken by fuch fliip wrecked pcrfons, in. order to feeure to thcmfelves, and to their companion<^» the relief they could not but be folicitous about, to feud fome of their body off* to the iliips in the canoes. For this reafon, he rather thought that the paper contained a note of information, left by fomeRuflian traders, who had lately been amougft thefe illands, to be delivered to the next of their countrymen , w ho mould arrive ; and that the natives, feeing the iliips pafs, and fuppofing them to be Ruffians, had refol- vedtO bring off the note, thinking it might induce them to ftop. Fully convinced of this. Captain Cook did not ftay to enquire any farther into the matter j but made fai),.aad flood away to the weftward. Oil Round the World, 4^7 Oq the 2 1 ft, at noon, Captain Cook found himfclf two leagues diftant from Halil:ut Ifland. Rocks and breakers now forced him fo far from the continent, that he had but a diftant view of tii'; coaft between Rock Point and Halibut IQand. Oyer this and the adjoining iflands he could fee the main land covered with fnow; but, particularly, fome hills, whofe elevated tops were feeq, towering above the clouds, to a moft ftupendous height. The moft fouth Wcfterly of thefe hills was difv covered to have ^ volcano, which cotinually threw up vaft coliirans of black fmoke It ftands not far from the coaft; ai^d in the latitude of 54 deg. 48 min. and the longitude of 195 deg. 45 min. It is alfo remarkable from its figure, which is a complete cone; and the vol- cano is at the very fummit. He feldom faw this (or indeed any other of thefe mountains) wholly clear of clouds. At times, both bafe and fummit would be clear; when a narrow cloud, fometimes two or three, - one above another, would emijrace the middle, like a girdle; which, with the column of fmoke, rifing per- pendicular to a great height out of its top, and fpread- ing before the wind into a tail of vaft length, made « pi?turefque appearance. It may be worth remarking, thajt the wind, at the height to. which the fmoke qf xh\s, volcano reached, moved fometiues in a dire^ian contra- ry to what it did at fea, even yrhen it blew a trclh gale^ In the afternoon, having ihree hours caljn, the peo, pie caught upward of a hjundred halibuts, fome of which weighed a hundred pounds* This was a, very feafona- ble refreihment. In the height of the fifliing, which was three or four miles from the.ftiore, a fmall canoe, conduced by one man, came to them from an adjacent ifland. On approaching the fliip, hq took cff his cap^^ and bowed, as the other had done, whp vifited the Dif- covery the prececding day. It. was evideat, that the Ruffians muft have a communication and traffic with. ' thefe 468 Captain Cook's third Voyaob people; not only from their acquired politenefs, but from the note before mentioned. But there was now a frelh proof of it ; for this vifitor wore a piir of green cloth breeches, and. a jacket of black cloth, or fluff, un- der the gut, (liirt or frock of his own country. He had nothing to barter, except a grey fox ikin, and (ome fifli- ing implements or harpoons; the heads Of the (haft of which, for the length of a foot, or more, were neatly made of bone, as a walking-cane, and carved. He had with him a bladder, full of fomething, which was fup- pofed to be oil i for he opened it, took a mouthful, and then fadencd it again. On the 36th, although it was day-light, the weather was fo thick and foggy, that they could not fee a hun- dred yards before them ; but, as the wind was now mo- derate, the Captain ventured to run. At half part four, he was alarmed at hearing the found of breakers on his larboard bow. On heaving the lead, he found twenty- eight fathoms water; and the next caft, twenty-five. Jie immediately brought the fliip to, and anchored in this hft depth; calling to the Difcovery, which was clofe by, to anchor, alfo, A few hours aftcf, the fog having cleared away a little, it appeared that he \\2A e- fcaped imminent danger, He found himfelf three quar- ters of a mile from the North Eart iide of an iflaud, which extended from South by Weft half Weft, tq North by Eaft half Eaft, each extreme about a league diftant. Two elevated rocks, the one bearing South by Eaft, and the other Eaft by South, were about halt a league each from the fliips, and about the fame dif- tance from each other. There were feveral breakers ^bout them; and yet, Provideqce had, in the dc^rk, con- duced the Ihips through, between thefe two rocks, which we fliould not have ventured in a clear day, and to fuch an anchoring place, that wc could not have cho? (ep n bett^Vr Round the World. 469 Tlic ifland, to which they 'were conducted in this providential manner, lies on the South fideofOona- lafhka, another ifland, where they afterwards found an excellent harbour, called by the natives Samganooda. Here they watered, but found no wood. OonoolaQika is one of the nmrierous group of iilaods, which extend for a confiderable diftance towards thie S. W. from a very projefting cape on the continent of America, which lies in latitude 54 and half deg. N. and, by Cap- tain Cook, is named Alafhka. In approaching this ifland, they faw fome natives towing in two whales, which, it was fuppofed^ they had iuft killed. A few of them, now and then, came off to the (hips, and bartered a few triBing things with the people, but ne- ver remained above a quarter of an hour at a time. On the contrary, they rather feemed (hy ; and yet the crew could judge that they were no ftrangcrs to veflels, in fome degree like theirs. They behaved with a degree of politenefs unknown to favage tribes. While the (hips lay in the harbour of Samganooda, feveral of the natives came off, each in a canoe -, and bartered a few Blhing implements for tobacco. One of them, a young man, overfet his canoe, while along- fide of one of the boats. Our people caught hold of him, but the caroe went adrift, and being picked up by another, wa& carried a(hore. The youth, by this ac- cident, was obliged to come into the (hip-; and he went down into the cabin, upon thetirft invitation, without expreding the leaft relu(ilance, or unea(iners. His drefs was an upper garment like a (hirt, made of the large gut of fea animals, probably the whale ; and an under garment of the fame (hape, made of the (kin of birds, dre(red with the feathers on, and neatly fewed together; the feathered fide being worn next his (kin. It was mended, or patched, with pieces of (ilk-duff; and his ^^P was ornamented with two or three Torts of glafs ' beads. 4»P Captain Cook's third Voyao^ beads. His own clothes being wet, Captain Gooit gave him others, in which he drefied hirrfelf, with as much eafe as the Captain could have done. From his behar viour, and that of fomc others, he was convinced that thefe people were no ftrangers to Europeans, and to fomc of their cuftoms. But there was lomeihing in the (hips, that greatly excited their curiofity ; for luch a? could not come off in canoes^ affembled on the neighr boiiring hills to look a^hem. Soon after they anchored, a native brought on board fuch another note as had been given to Captain Clerke. He prefented it to Captain Cook ; but it was written in the Ruffian language, which, as already obferved, none of them could read. ' As it could be of no; uCe to Cap-o tain Cook, and might be of confequence to others, he returned it to the bearer, and difmifled hini with a few prefents ; for which he expreded his thanks, by leaking leveral low bows as he retired. In walking, next day, along the (hore,, Capt. Cook met with a group oi natives of both fexes, ieated on thegrafs, atarepaft, confiftingof raw fi(h, which they feemed to eat with as much reliili as we (hould a turbot, ferved up with the richc^ft fauce. Thick fogs, end a contrary wind, detained him till the zd of July ; which aiibrded an opportunity of acquiring fome knowledge of the country, and of its inhabitants. Capt. Cook left Oonalaftika on the ad of July, 177S, and proceeded Northward. On the 3d of Auguft, he loft Mr. AndeiTon, furgeon, who had been lingering under a confumption upwards of a year. To perpe- tuate the memory of this valuable man, to whom! he had been indebted for many judicious obfervations in natural hiftory, an iflahd difcovercd foon after his de- ceafe, was called Anderfon's Ifland. On the 9th Capt. Cook ftoUND THE Woklilr 4»t Cook came in fight of the mod wellerly point of all America hitherto known, tr^ which he gave the name of Cape Prince of Wales. This Cape is fituated in lat. 65 deg. 46 min. and in the long, of 191 dcg. 45 min. Hence we flood over to a point of land, which forms the Eadern extremity of the continent of Afia, diilant from Cape Prince of Wales about 13 leagues. This, as it appeared in the fequel, is the country of the Tfchutfki, explored by Beering in 1728. Capt. Cook anchored on the S. W. fide of this Cape, in a bay, to which, it being the i oth of Aug. he gave the name of St. Lawrence. As we were {landing into this bay, we perceived ou the North (hore, a village, and fome people, whom the fight of the fliips feemed to have thrown into confu- fion or fear. We could plainly fee perfons running up the country with burdens upon their backs. At theic habitations we propofed to land, and, accordingly, went with three armed boats, accompanied by fome of the officers. About 30 or 40 men, each armed with a {pontoon, a bow, and arrows, flood drawn up qn a rifmg grolind clofe by the village. As we drew near, three of them came down towards the {hip, and were fo polite as to take oft their caps, and to make us low bows. We returned the civility, but this did not in- fpire them with fufficient confidence to wait for our landing \ for the moment we put the boats afhore, they retired. The Captain followed them afliore with- out arms; and by figns and geilures prevailed on them to flop, and to receive fome trifling prefents. In return fgr thefe they gave us two fox-ikins, and a cou« pie of fea-horfe teeth. They feemed very fearful and cautious ; expreffing their defire, by figns, that no more of our people fhould be permitted to come up. On my laying my hand on the pp 4^i Captain Cook*s third Vovagb the (boulder of one of them, he darted back feveral paces. In proportion as I advanced^ they returned backwards •, always in the attitude of being ready to ma^e ufe of their fpears ; while thofe on the rifing ground flood ready to fupport them with their arrows. Infenfibly, myfelf, and two or three of my, companions, got in amongft them. A few beads diftrit>uted to thofe about us, foon created a kind of confidence ; fo that they were not alarmed when a few moie of our people joined us \ and«,by degrees, a ibrtoT traffic commenc- ed. In exchange for knives, beads, tobacco, and other articles, they gave us fom2 of their cloathing, and a few arrows. But nothing that we had to offer could induce them to part with a (pear or a bow. Thefe they held in conftapt readinefs, never once quitting them, except at one time, \a hen four or five perfons laid theirs down, while they gave us a fong and a dance. And even then, they placed them in fuch a manner, that they could lay hold of them in an inftant; and, for their fecurity, they defired us to fit down. The arrows were pointed with cither bone or ftone, but very few of them had barbs ; and fome had a round plump point. What ufe they may be applied to, we could not fay, unlefs to kill fmall animals, without damaging the fkin. The bows were fuch as we had fcen on the American coaft. The fpears or fpontoons, were of iron or ftccl, and European or Afiatic workmanftiip; in which no little pains had been taken to ornament them with carving, and inlayings of brafs, and of a white metal. Thofe who (food ready with bows and arrows in their hands, had the fpear flung over their right (houider by a leathern ifrap. A leathern quiver, flung over their left ihoulder, contained arrows ; and fome of thefe qui- vers were extremely beautiful, being made of red lea- ... thcr, RrOUND THE IVoRLD. 473 thef, on which Was very neat embroidery, and dthor ornaments. Several other things, and in particular their cloth- ing, ftiewed that they were poffeffed of a degree of ingenuity, far furpaffing what one could expeA to find amongfl fo Northern a people. A.11 the Americans we had feen fince our arrival on that coaft, were rather low of ftature, with round chubby faces, and high cheek bones. The people we now were amongft, for from refembling them, had long vifages, and were ftout and well made. In (hort, they appeared to be quite a different nation. We faw neither women, nor children of either fex, nor any aged, except one man, who was bald-headed, and he was the only one who carried ho arms. The others feemed to be picked men, and rather under than above the middle age. The old jman had a black mark acrofs his face, which I did not fee in any others. All of them had their cars bored ; and fome had glafs beads hanging to them. Thefe were the only fixed ornaments we faw about them, for they wear none to the lips. This is another thing in which they differ frotn the Americans wc had lately Icen. ^ Their clothing confiftcd of a cap, a frock, a pair of breeches, a pair of boots, and a pair of gloves, all made of leather, or of the (kins of deer, dogs, feals, &c. and extremely well dreffed ; fome with the hair or furs on ; but others without it. The caps were made to fit tht head very dofe, and befides thefe caps which moft of the'm wore, /we got from them fome hoods, made of fkius of dogs, that were large enough to co« ver both head and ihould(^s. Their hair feemed to be black, but their heads were either ihaved, or the hair cue clofe off; and none of them wore any beard* Of Goo ihc^ ^T 474 Captain Cook's third Vovaoe the few artides which they got from us, knives and to- bacco were what they valued moft. . We found the village compofed both of . their fum- mer and their winter habitations. The latter arc ex- aftly like a vault, the floor of. which is funk below the furface of the earth. One of them, which we exam- ined, was of an oval form, about 20 feet long, and 12 or more high. The framing was compofed of wood, and the ribs of whales, difpofcdin a judicious manner, and bound together with Imaller materials of the fame fort. Over this framing is laid a covering of ftrong coarfe grafs ; and again is covered with earth j fo that on the outfide, the houfe looks like a little hillock, fupportcd by a wall of ftone, three or four feet high, which is built. round the two fides, and one end. At theother end, the earth is raifed floping, to walk up to the cmrance, which is by a hole in the top Of the roof oveir that end. The floor was boarded, and under it a kind of cellar, in whfchi faw nothing but water. And at the end of each houfe was a vaulted room, which we took to be a flore-room,. After a ftay of between two and three hours with thefe people, Capt. Cook returned to his (hips, and weighing anchor, proceeded Northward, keeping the coau of America as near as poifible on board. On tho 17th, we perceived a brightnefs in the Northern hofizon, like that reflrAed from ice, commonly called the blink. It was little noticed, from . a fuppofition that it was improbable they ftiould meet with ice fo footi. And yet the fliarpnefs of the air, and gloomi- nefs of the weather, for two or three days part, feem- cd to indicate a fudden change^ About half an hour aft6r, the fight of a large flcld of ice left them in no doubt about the caufe of the brightnefs of the hori- zon. 'About half pafl two we tacked clofe to the edge cu^ ■ ■ of V Round thb World. 475 of the ice, in 22 fathoms water, being then in the lat. of 70 deg. 41 min. not being able to ftand on any far- ther, for the ice was quite impenetrable, and extend- ed from W. by S. to E. by N. as far as the eye coiild reach. Here were abundance of fea-horfes, fome on the water, but more upon the ice. The next day at noon, we were clofe to the edge of the ice, which was as compact as a wall, and feemed to be 10 or i:i feet high at lead. But farther North, it ?ippcarcd much higher. Its furface was extremely rug- ged ; and here and there we faw upon it pools of wa- ter. As this time they were three or four miles from the American coad, which extended from S. to S. E. by E, The Eaftern extreme formed a point, which was much incumbered with ice, for which reafon it obtained the name of Ice Cape. Its lat. is 70 deg. 29 min. and its long. 198 deg. 2x> min. On the 19th, they found a good deal of drift ice a- bout them, and the main ice was about 2 leagues to the N. At half pall one they got in with the edge of it. It was not fo compadi as that which they had feen to the Northward ; but it was too clofe, and in too large pieces, to attempt forcing the (hips through it. On the ice lay a prodigious number of fea horfes, and as they were in want of frefh proviiions, the boats from each ftiip went to get fome. By feven in the evening, they had received on board the Refolution, nine of thefe animals ; which, till now, they had fuppofcd to be fea- cows, fo that they were not a little disappointed, efpecially fome of the feamen, who, for the novelty of the thing, had been feafting their eyes, for fome days paft. Nor would they have been difappointed now, nor have known the difference, if Ahey had not happened to have one or two on board, wbutx 4/6 Captain Cook's thihd Voyage who had been at Greenland, and declared what ani« mals they were, and that no one ever eat of them. But notwithftanding this, they lived upon them as long as diey lafted ; and there were few on board who did not prefer them to fait meat. They lie in herds of many hundreds upon the ice, huddling one over the other like fwinc, and roar or bray very loud ; fo that in the night or foggy weather, they gave us notice of the vicinity of the ice, before we could fee it. We never f^ound the whole herd aflcep, fome being always upon the watch : thefe, on the ap- proach of the boat, would wake thofe next to them, and the alarm being thus gradually communicated, the whole herd would be awake pr«fently ; but they were feldoni in a hurry to get away, till they had been once fired at, then they would tumble the one over the other into the fea in the utmoft confulion. The female will defend the young to the very laft, at the expence of her own life, whether in the water or upon the ice. Nor will the voung one quit the dam, though flie be deacl> fo that if you kill t>ne you are fure of the other. It is worth obferving, that for feveral days we had frequently fecn flocks of ducks flying to the Southward. They were of two forts, the one much larger than the other. The largeft were of a brown colour, and of the fmall fort, either the duck or drake was black and white, and the other brown. Does not this indicate that there raufl be land to the North, where thefe birds find flieher in the proper feafon to breed, and froin whence they wc^re now returning to a warmer clknate? From this day to the 29th, Captain Cook kept beat- ing along the edge of the ice, from the American to \\^,% A^atic coa(l| with intent, if poffible, to penetrate it;^ \ Round the World. 477 >cat- to tc it, 9nd and i>rocced to the Northward^ but wkhout effect. At one time, he. was in a manner (urroanded by the ice,- and had no way left to clear it, but by ftanding to the Southward. Afterwards, having fallen in with the main ice, they were diretfted how to keep along the edge of it, by the roaring of the fea-horfes. On the 27th, Captain Cook went witn the boats, to ^ examine the date of the ice. He found it confiding of loofe pieces, of various extent, and fo clofe together, that he could hardly enter the outer edge with a boat; and it was as impoffible for the (hips to enter it, as if it had been fo many rocks. He took particular notice, that it was all pure tranfpareni:. . ice, except the upper furface, which was a litde porous. It appeared to be entirely compofed of frozen (how, and to have been all formed at fea. For, fetting afide the im probability ,or rather impofiibility, of fuch huge mafles floating out, of rivers, in which there is hardly water for a boat, none of the produdtions of the land were found incorporated, or fixed in it; which muft have unavoidably been the cafe, had it been formed in rivers, either great or fmall. The pieces of ice that formed the outer edge of the field, were from forty or fifty yards in extent, to four or five; and he judged, that the larger pieces reached thirty feet, or more under the furface of the water. It alio appeared to him very improbable, that this ice couldihave been the production of the preceding win- ter alone. I (hould fuppore it rather to have been the produdlion of a great many winters. Nor was it lefs improbable, according to my judgment, that the little that remained of the lummer, could deftroy the tenth part of what now fubfided of this mafs -, for the fun had already exerted upon it the full influence of his rays. It is the wind, or rather the wave$ raifed by the wind, that brings down the bulk of thefe enormous ipaQes, by grinding one piece againd another. We ' ^ meafured np ^m •^mmtiw \l' 478 CAPtAiH Cook's THIRD Voyaob iiieaftired the dMh of bnc piece of ice, and found it .to be 6fteen feelf fo that the (hips might hpe failed over it. If I had not meafured this depth,' I woqld not h»7t beltev^ed that the^c was a fum the refult of Lieut. King's obfervati^ns, he was perf<^(5lly faiisfied that Mr. StaehUn*s ifland was quite imaginary j and, in the fequel, he found that the namq of Alaibuka is given both by the Ruffians and natives to ihe American continent in genferal, altho* it properly belongs to a very projedling Cape adjoining to the iiland ofOonamaVa.. During Capt. Cook*s (lay in this Sound, he had iome intercourle with the natives. A family of them came near to the place where we were taking off wood. I know not how many there were at firft; but I only faw (he hulband, the wife, an^ the child ; and a fourth per- fon that bore the human (hape, and that was all ; for he was the mod: deformed cripple I had ever fecn or heard of. The other man was almoft blind i and nei- ther he nor his wife, were iuch good looking people as Round the World. 4«3 as we had fometimes fcen amongd the natives of this coaft. The under lips of both were bored ; and they bad in their pofleffion fome fuch ^lafs beads as I had met with bctore amongft their ncighboors. But iron was their beloved article. For four knives which we had made out of an old iron hooj;, I got from them near 40olb. weight of fifli, which they had caught on this or the preceding day. Having finirtied the ncccflary occupations at Norton Sound, Capt. Cook thought it high time to think of leaving thefe Northern regions, and to retire to fome place during the winter, where he mighrprocure refrelh- ments fur his people, and a fmall fupply of provilions. Pctropaulowlka, or the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul, in Kamtfchatka, did not appear likely to f urnifh either the one or the other, for fo large a number of men. He had, befides other reafons for not repairing thither at this time. The fird, and oi; which all others depended, was the great diflike to lieinadlive for fix or fcven months, which would have been the neceffary con- fequence of wintering in any of thefe Northern parts. No place was fo conveniently within his reach, where he could expedl to have his wants relieved, as the Sand- wich iflands. To them, therefore, he determined to proceed ; after firft endeavouring to find a harbour on the continent of America, to the Southward, where he could meet with a farther fupply of water. Leaving Norton Sound on the 17 th, Capt. Cook fuc- ceflivtly faw Befborough Ifland, Stuart's Ifland, Clerke's Idand, Gore's Ifland, and Pinnacle's Ifland. But nei- ther among thefe, nor along the coaft, could he find an harbour.^ where he could procure the wi(hed-for fupply of water. It is here to be obferved, that no land was to be feen to the Southward of Point Shallow Water, which he judged to lie in the lat. of 6^ deg. fo that bfr- twcea 4^4 Captain Cook'i third Voyaoe tween this Ut. and Shoal Nefs, in theUt. of 60 deg. the coaft is entirely unexplored. At length, 01 the sd of 0(;iober, he again arrived at the ifland of Oonalafhlvaf and haulei into a bay, known bv the name o( Ggoochfhack, lying ten miles to the Weftward i)f the harbour of Sam^anoodha, where he had formerly anchored ; but finding very deep water in this bay, he was glad to get out again. The na- tives, many of whom lived here, vifited them ac dif<* ferent times, bringing with them dried falmon and other fiHi; which they exchanged with the Teamen for tobacco. But a few days before, every ounce of to- bacco that was in the (hip, had been diuributed among them i and the quantity v\as not half fufficient to an- fwer their demands. Notwithdanding this, fo impro- vident is an Engii(h Tailor, that they were aspiofulein making their bargains, as it they had now arrived at the port in Virginia 1 by which means, in leTs than 48 hours, the value of this article of barter was lowered above rooo per cent, i On the 3d they anchored in Samganooda harbeur \ and the carpenters were employed in repairing a leak, which the ReToluiion had Tprung, in her paflage from Norton Sound. The vegecables that had been here met with, were now moiHy in a ilate of decay \ (b that they were but little beri' ^ted by the great quantities of berries every where found afhore. That they might avail themfelves as much as poHible of this ufeful re- freftiment, one third of the people, by turns, had leave to go and pick them. Coniiderable quantities of them were alTo procured from the natives. If there were any fig) s of ihe Tcurvy in either (hip, theTe berri^, and the uTe of Tpruce beer, which they had to drink every day, cffeAually radicated them. The Blhery likewise enabled them to make a (onfiderable iaving pf their Round the World, 4«5 fca provifious. And, at this Ifl.ind, the captaia foun4 a Ruffian fcttJement or faftory, for the procuring of th« fkins of fca-oitt-rs. Mutual civilities paffcd between the Captain and the Chiefs of this fcttlemcnt ^ from whom he procured much ufcful information j and by whofc means he difpatched a letter to the Lord, of the Aclmiralty^ (inclofmg a Chart of all the Northern coaft he had vifited") which was to be forwarded the cnfuing fpring, to Mjor Behm, Governor of Kamtlchatka, and by him the following winter to Fcterlburgh. Captain Cook continued at Oonalaflika till the 26th of 0».%bcr,^ 177^- But before we proceed farther in the Voyage", we (hall give his account of feveral iutc- rcfling particulars relative to this ifland. After we became acquainted with thefe Ruffianfy fome-of our gentlemen, at different times, vifited their fettlemenr on the ifland ; where they always met with a hearty welcome. This fettlemcnt confided of a dweU ling-houfc, and two ftore-houfes. And, befides the Ruffians, there was a number of the Kamtfchadalet, 'iXid, of the natives, as fcrvants or flavcs, to the former. Some others of the natives, who feemed independent of the Ruffians, lived at the fame place. Such of them as belonged to the Ruffians were all males ; and they are taken, or perhaps, purehafcd from their parents when young. 1 here was, at this time, about twenty of thefe, who could be looked upon in no other light than as children. They all live in the fame houfe i the Ruffians at the upper end, the Kamtfchadales in the middle; and the natives at the lower end; where i» fixed a large boiler for preparing their food, which confifls chiefly of what the fea produces, with the ad- dition of wild roots and berries. There is little dif- ference between the fir ft and lail table, befides what is produced by cookery, m which the Ruffians have the art 4S6 Captain Cook's third Voyage |; \ art to make indifferent things palatable. I have eat whale's flefli of their dreffing, which 1 thought very good J and they make a kind of pan-pudding of fal- mon roe, beaten up fine, and fryed, that is no bad fuccedaneum for bread. They may, now and then, tafte real bread, or have a difti in wN jh flour is an in- gredient ; but this can only be an occafiondl luxury. If we except the juice of berries, which they fip at their meals, they have uo other liquor befides pure water ; and it feems to be very happy for them that they have nothing ftronger. As the ifland fupplies them with food, fo it does, in a great meafure, with clothing. This confifts chiefly of ikins, and is, perhaps, the bed they could have. The upper garment is made like our waggoner's frock, and reaches a« low as the knee. Befides this, they wear a waiftcoat or two, a pair of breeches ; a fur cap; and a pair of boots, the foals and upper leathers of which are of Ruffian leather ; but the legs are made of a kind of ftrong gut. Their two Chiefs, Ifmyloff and Ivanovitch, wore each a calico frock ; and they, as well as fome others, had fliirts, which were of filk. Thefc, perhaps, were the only part of their drefs not made among themfelves. There are Ruffians fettled upon all the principal iflands between Oonalaflika and Kamfchatka, for the fole purpofe of collefting furs. This great objeft is the fea beaver or otter. I never heard them enquire after any other animal ; tho' thole, whofe fkins are of inferior value, are alfo made part of their cargoes, I never thought to alk how long they have had a fettle-* ment upon Oonalaflika, and the neighbouring ifles ; but to judge from the great fubjeftion the natives arc under, this cannot be of a very late date. The Ruffians began to frequent OonalalhJia in 1762. All thcfe fx^r rics Round the World. 4«7 ries are relieved, from time to time, by others. Thofe we met with, arrived here from Okotllc, in 1776, and- are to return in 1781 ; fo that their ftay at the ifland will be four years at leaft. It is now time to give fome account of the native in- habitants. To all appearance, they are the moll peace- able, inoffenfive people, I ever met with. And, as to honefty, they might ferve as a pattern to the mod ci- vilifed nation upon earth. But, from what I faw of their neighbours, with whom the Ruffians have no con- neftion, I doubt whether this was their original difpo- fition ; and rather think that it has been the confe- quence of their prefcnt ftate of fubjeftion. Indeed, if fome of pur gentlemen did not underftand the Ruffians, they had been obliged to make fome fevere examples, before they could bring the iflanders into any order. It there were feverities infliifted at firft, the bell apology for them is, that they have produced the happieft con- fequcnces ; and» at prefent, the greateft harmtmy fub- fifts between the two nations. The natives have their own Chiefs in each ifland, nnd feem to enjoy liberty and property unmolcfted. But whether or no they are tributaries to the Ruffians, wc could never find out. There was fome reafon to think that they are. Thefe people are rather low of flature, but plump and well fliaped, with rivcher Ihort necks; fwarthy, with chubby faces, black eyes, fmall beards, and long, ■ ftraight, black hair, which the men wear loofe be* hind, and cut before, but the women tie it up in a bunch. Their drefs has been occafionally mentioned. Both fexes wear the fame fafliion ; the only difference is in the materials. The women's frock is made of the feal ikin 'y and that of the men, of the fkins of birds, both reaching p 4S8 Captain Cook's third Voyaob teaching below the knee* This is the whole drcfs of the women. But over the frock, the men wear ano- ther made of the gut, which refifts water ; and has a hood to it, which draws over the head. S >me o^ them wear boots $ and all of them have a kind of oval fnouted cap, made of wood, with a rim to admit the head. Thefe caps are dyed with green and other co- lours ) and round the upper part of the rim, are ftuck the long briftles of fome fea animal, on which are ftrung glafs beads, and on the front is a fmall image or two made of bone. They make ufe of no pain% but the women punfture their faces llightly ; and both men and women bore the under lip, to which they fix pieces of bone. But it is as uncommon at Oona'ainka, to fee a man with this or - " uament, as to fee a woman without it. Some fix heads to the upper lip, under the noftrils ; and ail of them hang ornaments in their ears. Their food confifts of fifli, fea-anlmals, birds, roots, and berries ; and even of fea-wted. They dry large qualitities of lilh in fummer ; which they lay up in fmall huts for winter ufe ; and, probably, they preferve roots and berries for the fame time of fcarcity. They eat almofl every thing raw. Broiling and boiling were the only methods of cookery that 1 faw them make ufe of; and thefirft was very probably learnt from the Ruf. Huns. Some have got little hrafs kettles ; and thofe who have not, make one of a flat Ikone, with fides of clay, not unlike a (landing pye. I was once prefcnt, when the chief of Oonalaflika made his dinner of the raw head of a large halibut, juft caught. Before any was given to the chief, two of his fcrvants cat the gills, without any other drcfEng, b'cfidcs fqueezing out the flimc. This done, one of - them Round the World, 489 them cut off the head of the fifti, took it to the fea and wafticd it, then came with it and fat down by the chief, firft pulUng up fome grafs, upon a part of which the head was laid, and the reft was ftrewed before the chief. He then cut large pieces off the cheeks, and laid thefe within the reach of the great man, who fwallowed them with as much fatisfa6tion as we fliould do raw oyfters. When he had done, the remains of the head were cut in pieces, and given to the attend- ants, who tore off the meat with their teeth, and gnaw- ed the bones like fo many dogs. As thefe people ufe no paint, they are not (b dirty In their perfons as the favagcs who thus befmear them- felvesj but they are full as loufy and filthy in their lioufcs. Their method of building is as follows; they dig, in the ground, an oblong fquare pit, the length of which fcldom exceeds fifty feet, and breadth twenty ^ but in general the dimenfions are fmallcr. Over this excavation they form the roof of wood which the fea throws alhore. This roof is covered firft with grafs, and then with earth j fo that the outward appearance is like a dunghill. In the middle of the roof, towards each end, is left a fquare opening, by which the light is admitted ; one of thefe openings being for this pur- pofe only, and the other being alfo ufed to go in and out by, with the help of a ladder, or rather a poft, with fleps cut in it. In fome houfes there is another entrance below ; but this is not common. Round the fides and ends of the huts, the families (for feveral are lodged together) have their feparate apartments, where they llecp, and fit at work ; not upon benches, but in a kind of a concave trench,* which is dug all round the infide of the houfe, and covered with mats ; fo that this part is kept tolerably decent. But the middle oi the houfe, which is common to all the families, is far other wife. For altho' it be covered with dry*grafs. m^i 490 Captain Cqok^s third Vqyagi it is a receptacle. for dirt of every kind, and theplac^ for the urine trough ; the flench of which is rot mended l»y rlw hides, or leather being almoft continu- ally fteepcd in it. Behind and over the trench, are placed the few eSeds they are poiTefledof^ fuch as their clothing, xnats and ikins. V, Th<;ir houfehold furniture confifts of bowls, fpoons. Buckets, cans, matted baikets, and perhaps a Ruffian kettle or pot; AH thefe uteufils are very neatly made, and well formed ; and yet we faw no other tools among them but the knife and the hatchet ; that is, a fmall flat piece of iron, made like an adze, by fitting it into j!i crooked wooden handle. Thefe were the only in- ftruments We met with there made of iron. For altho* the Ruffians live amonp^ft them, we found much lefs of this metal in their polTeifioa, than we had met with in the poifeffion of other tribes on the American con- tinent, who had never feen, nor perhaps had any in* tercourfe with the Ruffians. Probably a few beads, a little tobaccb and fnuff, purchafed all they had to fpare. There are feW, if any of them, that do not fmoke, and chew tobacco, ami take fnuff ; a luxury that bids fair to keep them always poor. I They did not fecm to wi(h for more iron, or to want atiy other inftruments, except fcwing needles, their own being made of bone. With thefe they not only few their canoes, and make their clothes, biit alfo Very curious embroidery. Infbead of thread, they ufc the fibres of finews, which they fplit to the thicknefs which each fort of work requires. All fewing is per- formed by the women. They are the tailors, fhoe- makers, and boat-builders, or boat-coverers. They tnake mats and bafkets of grafs, that are both beautiful und flrong. Indeed there is a neatncfs and perfe^ion ' ' in ROUNDTHE WoRLOi 49« in moft of theif work, that flicws they neither want hig«- nuity nor pcrfcverancc. xiw v I fav/ not a fire-place in any one of their Iwtifts. Th€ly are lighted, as well as heated, by lamjpi; ; which are limple, and yet anfwerthe purpofe very well. They are made of a flat fton^, hollowed on one fide like a plate, and about the fame fize, or larger. . In the hollow part they put the oil, mixed with a little dry grafs, which ferves the purpofe of a wick. Both meii and women frequently warm their bodies over one of thefe lamps, by placing ir between thcif legs, under their garments, and fitting thus over it for a few minutes. They produce fire both by coUifion and attrition; the former by ftriking two ftones one againft another ; on one of which is a ftick of about eighteen inches in length, and the other a flat piece. The pointed end of the ftick they prefs upon the other, whirling it nimbly round as a drill ; thus producing fire ill a feW minutes. This method is common in many parts of the world. It is pradlifed by the Kamcfchadales, by thefe people,* by the Greenlanders, by the Brazilians, by the Otaheiteans, by the Hew Hollanders, and probably i^ many other nations, f- : . £$a^ No fuch thing as an offenfive or defenfivi;' Weapon was feen among^ the natives of Oonalafhka. We can- not fuppofe that the Ruflians found them in fuch a d perfuafion, to prevail upon them to drink it ; knowing; that there was no danger of the fcurvy, fo long as w( could get a plentiful fupply of other vegetables. But, ;hat I might not be difappointcd in my views, 1 gave orders that no grog fliould be Icrved in cither fliip. I myfelf, and the officers, continued to make ufe of this fugar-cane beer, whenever we could get materials for brewing it, A few hops, of which we had fome on board, improved it much. It has the tafte of new paalt beer ^ and I believe no one will doubt of its being very 494 Captajn Cook's third Voyaob very wholerome. And yet my inconfiderate crew al- ledged it was injurious to their health. They had no better rcafon to fupport a refolution, which they took on our firft arrival in King George's Sound, not to drink the fpruce beer made there. But, whether from a confideration that it was not the firl^ time of their being required to ufe that liquor, or from other reafon, they did not attempt to carry their purpofe into actual execution ( and i had never beard of it till now, when they renewed their ignorant oppofition to my bed endeavours to ferve them. Every innovation whatever, on board a fhip, though ever To much to the advantage of Teamen, is fure to meet with their higheft difapprobation. But portable foup, and four krout vrere, at firft, condemned at ftuff unfit for human be-r ings. Few commanders have introduced into their fhips more novelties, as ufcful varieties of' food and drink, than I have done. Indeed few commanders have had the fame opportunities of trying fu^h experi- • ments, or been driven to the fame neceflity of Uying them. It has, however, been, in a great meafure, ow- ing to various little deviations fromeftabliOied pradtice^ tliat I have bsen able to preferve my people, generally fpeaking, from that dreadful diftemper, the fcurvy, •which has perhaps dcftroyed more of our failors, in their peaceful voyages, than have fallen by the enemy in miUtary expeditious. Many days were fpent in plying, in endeavouring to get to the windward of Owhyhee, and to find a proper place for anchorage. At one time the canoes thronged to the (hip with hogs and women. The latter, the Captain obfcrvcd, it was not poflible to keep from com- ing on board j no women, he ever met with, were Icfs refer ved j and indeed, it appeared to him, that they * vifited c .< RoVNDTHs World*. 495 vifitcd the (hips with no other view, than to make a furrcnder of their perfons. At length, on the i6th of January 1779, a bay was difcovered, into which, after he had lent to ex- amine it. Captain Cook refolved to carry the Ihips. As night approached, the greater part of his vifitors retired to the (hore ; but numbers of them requefted his permiffion to fleep on board. Curiofity was not the only motive, at leaft with fome ; for, the next morn- ing, feveral things were mifling, which determined him not to entertain fo many another time. On the 17th, he anchored in this bay, which is called by the natives Karakakooa. The fhips conti- nued to be much crowed with natives, and were fur- rounded by a multitude of canoes. I had no where, in the courfe of my voyage, feen fo numerous a body of people affembled at one place. For, befides thole who had come off to us in canoes, all the (hore of the bay was covered with fpe£^ators, and many hundreds were fwimming round the ihips like ihoals of fiih. We could not be flruck with the Angularity of this fcene ; and perhaps there were feyr on board who now lamented our havmg failed in bur endeavours to find a Northern paffage homeward, laft fummer. To this difappointmtnt we owed our having it in our pow- er to revifit the Sandwich iflands, and to enrich our voyage with a difcovery which, though the laft feemed in many refpcfts, to be the moft important that had hitherto been made by Europeans, throughout the ex- tent of ";e Pacific Ocean. .* BOOK 4f5 Captain Cook's third Voyaoi ■a* BOO K m. CHAP. VIII. Defer iptioa of Karakakooa Bay — ^Ceremonies at the landing of Capt. Cook— Arrival of Tcreeoboo, king of the ifland— Vifit from the king, and return- ed by Capt. Cook— Tereeoboo's magnificent prefent — ^The fhips leave the ifland — The .Refolution da- maged in a gale, and obliged to return — ^Death of Capt. Cook. KARAKAKOOA Bay, is fituatcd on the W. fide of the ifland Owhyhee. It is bounded by two points of land, at th<3 diflance of half a league, and bearing S. S. E. and N. N. W. from each other. On the N. point, which is flat and barren, flands the vil- lage of Kowrowa ; and in the bottom of the bay, near a grove of tall cocoa-nut trees is another vil- lage of a more conflderable flze, called Kakooa : be- tween them runs a high rocky cliff, inacceflible from the fea fliore. On the S. fide the coafl, for about a mile inland, has a rugged appearance ; beyond which the country rifes with a gradual afcent, and is over- fpread with cultivated inclofures and groves of cocoa- nut tjrees, where the habitations of the natives are fcat- tered in great numbers. The fhore all round the bay, '■'■is Round theWorld. 49t is covered with a blaclc- coral rock, which makes the landing very dangerous in rough weather ; except at the village of Kakooa, where there is a fine Tandy beach, with a Moral, or burying-place, at one extre- mity, and a fmall well of fre(h, at the other. In this bay we moored, Jan. 17, 1779, on the N. fide, about a quarter of a mile from the ihore, Kowrowa bearing As foon as the inhabitants perceived our intention of anchoring in the bay, they came off from the fliorc in aftonifliing numbers, and exprelTcd their joy by fing- ing and (houting, and exhibiting a variety of wild and extravagant geftures. The decks and rigging of both fh'tps were foon completely covered with them; and a multitude of women and boys, who had not been able to get canoes, came fwimming round us in (hoals | many of whom, not finding room on board, remained the whole day playing in the water. Among the chiefs who came on board the Rcfoluii- on, was a young man, named Pareea, whom we foon perceived to be a perfon of great authority. On prc- fcnting himfelf to Capt. Cook, he told him, that he was Jakanee (we afterwards met with fevcral others of the fame denomination ; but whether it be an office, or fome degree of affinity, we could never learn with cer- tainty.) to the king of the ifland, who was at that time engaged on a military expedition at Mowee, and was cxpcT Round the World» 501 reeoboo (which was the nhras of their king) w6iild kill them. This circumftancc affordeii no fmall matter of amufement to our friends on board, where the crowds of people, and particularly of wonKsn, that continued to flock thither, obliged them aliiioft every hour to clear the veflel, in order to have room to do the nccel* fary duties of the fhip. On thefe occafions, two of three hundred women were frequently made to jumjv into the water at once, where they continued i'wim- ming and playing about, till they could again procure admittance. From the 19th to the 24th, nothing very miterial happened. The caulkers were fet to work on the lidea of the fhips, and the rigging was overhauled and re- paired. The faking of hogs for fca (lore, was alfo one of the principal objeds of Capt. Cook's attencion ; in which, noivi'ithftanding it has generally been thought impradicable to cure the flelh of animals by faking, iii tropical clim^ites, he was very fuccefsful. We had not been long fettled at our obfervatory, before we difcovcred, in our neighbourhood, the habir, tations of a fociety ot priefts, whofe regular u.tend- ance at the Morai had excired our curiofity. Their huts ftood round a pond of water, and were furround- ed by a grove of cocoa-nut trees, which fcparated them fror,5 the beach and the reft of the village, and gave the place an air of religious retirement. On ac- quainting Capt, Cook with this, he refolved to pay them a vifit ; vvhich he accordingly did, and was received with nearly ih<: fame leUgious ceremonies as at theMorai* During the reft of the time we ren>aincd in the bay, whenever Capt. Cook came on tkore, he was attended by one oi thcfe priefts, who went before hinn, giving notice 502 Captain Cook's third Vovagb notice that the Orono had landed, and ordered the peo- ple to proftrate themfelves. The fame perfon alfo con- ftantly accompanied him on the water, (landing in the bow of the boat, with a wand in his hand, and giving notice of his approach to the natives, wlio were in ca- noes, on which they immediately left off paddling, and lay down on their faces x.\\i he had pafled. Whenever they flopped at the obfervatory, Kaireekeea and his brethren made their appearance with hogs, cocoa nuts, bread-fruit, &c. and prefcnted them with the ufual io- lemnities. It was on thefe occalions that fome of the inferior chiefs frequent' y requefted to be permitted to make an offering to the Orono. When this was granted, they prefented the hog themfelves, generally with evi- dent marks of fear in their countenances ; whilft Kaireekeea and the priefls phanced their accudomed hymns. The civilities of this fociety were not, however, con- fined to mere ceremony and parade. Our party on fliore received from them, every day a fupply of hogs and vegetables, more than fuiHcient for our fubfiftance ; and feveral canoes loaded with provifions werefent to the fhips with the famd pun4luality. No return was ever demanded, or even hinted at in the mod dirt:ant manner. Their prefcnts were made^with a regularity more like the difcharge of a religious duty, than the cff'cft of mere liberality ; and when. \^e enquired at whofe charge all this munificence was difpjaycd, we wereiold, it was at the expence of a. gjfcat iTjan-called Kaoo, the chief of the priefts, and grandfather, to Kai- reekeea, who was at that time abfent attending the king of the illand. ^ Things continued in this ftate till the 24th, whcn^ we were a good deal furprized to lind that no canoes were fuffered 10 put oh' from the Ihore, and that the natives kept Round the World^ 503 kept clofe to their houfes. After feveral hours fi^fpence^ we learned that the bay was taboocd« and all intercourfe with us interdidled, on account of rhe arrival of Ter- reeoboo. As we had not forefeen an accident of this fort, our crews were ob'iged to pafs the day without their ufual fupply of vegetables. The next morning, therefore, they endeavoured, both by threats and pro- mifes, to induce the natives to come along-fide; and as fome of them were at laft venturing to put put off, a chief was obferved attempting to drive them away. A mufquet was immediately fired over of his head, to make them delift, which had the defired elFedt, and refrefhments were foon after purchafed as ufual. In the afternoon, Terreeoboo arrived, and vifited the (hips in a private manner, attended only by one canoe, in which were his wife and children. He (laid on board tiH near ten o'clock. return was Ihe next day the king, in a large canoe, attended by two others, paddled towards the (hip in great ftate. Their appearance was grand and magnificent. In the firft canoe was Tereeoboo and his chiefs, drclTed in their rich feathered cloaks and helnriets, and armed with long fpears and daggers ; in the fecond, came the venerable Kaoo, the chief of the priefs, and his brethren, with their idols difplaycd on red cloth. Thefc idols were bulls of a gigantic fize, made of wicker work, and curioufly covered with fmall feathers of various colours, wrought ir* the fame manner with their cloaks. Their eyes wp : ni5?ie of large pearl oyller, with a black nut fixed i'^ '. ;;<.ntre i their mouths were fet with a dou- ble row oi tie tangs of dogs, and together witH the refk of their itaturcs, were ftrangely diftorted. The third canoe was filled with hogs and vegetables. As they went along, the priells in the centre canoe fang their hymns with great folemnity ; and after paddling round the (hips, inilead of going on board as «ve ex- pelled nap 564 CaptaiK Cook*s third Voyagb peeled, they mitde toward the fliorc at the beach were we were ftationed. As footi as 1 fa w them approaching, 1 ordered out our little guard to receive the king j and Captain Cook, perceiving that he was going on fliore, follow- ed hiin> and arrived nearly at the ftime tinle. We con* dufted them into the tent, where iliey had fcarcely been fcatcdj when the king rofe up, and in a very graceful "manner threw over the Captain's fliouldcrs the cloak he himfeif wore, put a feathered helmet upon his head, and a curious fan in his hand. He alfo fpread at his feet five or fix oihcr cloaks, all exceedingly beautiful, and of the greateft value. His attendants then brought four very large ho. , with fugar-canes, cocoa-nuts, and bread-fruit j and r part of the ceremony was conduced hy the king's ex -Hanging names with Captain Cook, which, amongft all the iflandcrs of the Pacific Ocean, is ellcemed the flrongeft pledge of friendfliip. A proceffion of priefts, with a venerable old perfonage at their head, now appeared, followed by a long train leading large hogs, and others carrying plantains, fweet potatoes, &c. By the looks and geftures of Kairec- keea, 1 immediately knew the old man to be the chief cf the priefts before-mentioned, on whofe bounty we had fo long fubfifted. He had a piece of red cloth in his hands, which he wrapped round Captain Cook's fliouldcrs, and afterwards prefented him a fmall pig in the ufual form. A feat was then made for him, next to the king, after which, Kaireekeea and his followers began their ceremonies, Kaoo and the Chiefs joining in ^he rcfponfes. As foon as the formalities of the meeting were over, Capt. Cook carried Terreeoboo, and as many chiefs as the pinnace would hold, on board the Refoiuiion* They were received with every mark oi refpe<$l ; and Capt. Round the Wo R L tit ioi Capt. Cook, in return fpt the; feathere^d cloak, ptit ti linert ^irt on the king, and girt his own hanger round him^ "the ancient kaioo, and about half a do2en more old chiefs, remained on more, and took i;p their abode at the priefts Houifes. During all this time, not a canoe was feen in the bay, and the natives either ke,pt w ithin their huts, or Jay proftrate on tJ|ne grouid. Before the king left the RefolutFon, ^apt Gook ubtained leave for the natives to coi^e and trade with the (hips is ufual; but the wom<:n, for vvliat reafon we could not learn j ffill coiitinued under the cflfefts of the taboo j th.it is^ were forbidden to ftir from home, or to have any com-* munication with lis. The offenfive beliaviour of the natives having taken away every apprehenfion of danger, we did not hefitate to truft ourfeiyes amonglt them at a'l times, and in all jfituations. The. o:tecers of both (tips went daily up the country^ in fmall parties, or even fingly^ and fre- tjuently remained out the whole uigtt. It would bebffty to ftcaling. Sbme of theiJr moft ck- Sfert fWittitricrs were one d-ay difcovercd urtdcr the (hijjs riwin^ out tlie filling nails bf the (heiithlng^, which they 'perforrAed very dextcroufly, "by tncans of a (hbirt ftici, wrth a flint ftorie feed hi Vhe end of it. To put k ftop to this jiraftice, which ctodan^e'red the Very ex- tftchce of the vcffcls, we a't Srft fired fthali fhot at thfe bifehdtrs, but they eafily got out of out reach by div- ing tiTldcr the ihip s bottom. It was therefore fouhd neceAary to make an example, by flogging one of them x)n boird the Difcovery* ' On the 28th, died, William Watnian, k fea'min ot the gunner's crew, an event which I mention the more Jpkrticularfy, ^s death had hitherto been very rare amohgft u^. He was an old man, and much reipefled bn account of his attachment to Capt. C6bk» He had formerly ferved as a marine 21 years ; after Which he centered as a feainan on board the Resolution in 1772, «hd ferved With Capt. Cook in his voyage towards the feoTith Pofe. At their return, lie Was admitted into •Greenwich Hbfpitkl, throtigh the Captain's intcrdl, at the fame time iVith Tiimfelf ; and being refolved to fol- id^ throughout the fortunes of his beni^faftdr, he alfo Quitted it along with him, on his being appointed to the command of the prefcnt 'Expedition. l!)Uring the voy- age, he had frequently been fnbjeft to flight revci , and Was ti convalefccnt when he came into the bay, where ^eiiig fent on Ihore^for a few days, he conceived himfelf pcffeflly recovered, and, at his own defire, returnfecl on board ; but the day folldwing, he had a paralytic -fb-oke, which in two days catri^ed him off. At the requcft of the king, he was btiried oh the Morai, aad the ceremony was performed with proper felieihtiim Old Kaoo and his brethren Were fpeftators, ^ad prcfervcd the moft jf^ofgUod tte&de a|id attention, - wbilft Round th^ WorlDv SP? whilft the fervice was reading. When we began to fill up i-*c grave, thpy very indifferent about the matter, and oniy defired,^ that yf6 would re(tofe the centre image, which he car* (led i^o qnfi of ;he prieit's hoiiJTes. Tcrrcoboo. 1^8 Caftaii* Cook's third Voyac|i • Tcrreeoboo, and his chiefs, had, for fome days part \)tcn very inquifitive about the time of our departure. This circumftance had excited in me a great curiofity to know, what opfnion this people had formed of us, and what were their ideas refpedling the caufe and ob- jcfls of bur voyage. I took fome pains to fatisfy my- fdf on thefc points; but 1 could never learn any thing farther, than that they imagined we camQ from fome pountry where provifions Had failed ; and that our vi- fit to thein was merely for the purpofc of filling our bellieSf Indeed, the meaqre appearance of fome of the crew, "the hearty appetites with which we fat dpwn 'io their frefli provifions, and our great anxiety to pur- cuafe, and carry off, as much as we were able, led them, naturally enough, to fuch a conclufion. To thefc, may be added, a circumftance which puzgled them exceedingly, our having no women "with us; together ^ith our quiet conduft, and un warlike ap- pearance. It was ridiculous enough xo fee them ftrdk- ing the fides, and patting the bellies, of the Tailors ([who were certainly much improved in the fleeknefs bf their looks, during our ihort flay in the ifland), and telling them partly by figns, and paitly by ^ords, that it was time for them to go ; but if they would come again the next bread-fruit feafon, they fliould be bet- ter able to fupply their wants. We had now been fix- teen days in the bay j and if our enormous cdnfump- tion of hogs and vegetables be confidcred, it lieed not be wondered, that they (hould wifli to fee us take our leave. It is very probable, however, that Terreeoboo had no other view, in his inquiries, at prefent, than a delirc of making fufficient preparation for difmiffing us with prefents, fuitable to the refpeft and kindnefs with Vhich he had received us. For, on our telling him W"e (l^ould leave the ifland on the next day but one, we pbfcrved a fnrt of proclamation was immediately made, ihrough the vil)a^e», to require the people to ^ing in ^* / • ijicir wmm Round the World. 509 their hogs, and vegetables, for the king to pr.cfent tq theOronq, on his departure* The next day, being fixed for our departure, Terree-r oboo invited, Ciptaiii Coolc and myfclf to attend him, on the 3 1, to the place, wliere Kaoo refidcd. O.i our larrival, we found the ground covered with parcels of cloth ; a vaft quantity of red and yellow feathers, tied to the fibres of cocoa-nut huiks ; and a great number of hatchets, and other pieces of iron-ware, that had been got in barter from us. At a little diftancc from thcfc, lay an immcnfe quantity of vegetables, of every kind, and near them was a large herd of hog^. At fird, we imagined the whole to be intended as a prefent for us, till Kaireekeea informed me, thiit it was a gifr^ pr tribute, from the people of that d(lri6t to the King -, and, accordingly, as foon as we were feated, they brought all the bundles, and laid them fevcrally at Ter- reboo's feet; fpreading out the cloth, and difplaying the- feathers and iron- v are before him. The King feemed much pleafed with this mark of their duty; and having jfclcdled about a third part of the iron-ware, the fame jproportion of feathers, and a few pieces of cloth, thefe were fet afide, by themfelves; and the remainder of the cloth, together with all the hogs and vegetables, were after ar'ds prefenied to Captain Cook and myfelf. We were aftonirtied at the value and magnitude of this pre- fent, which far exc':;eded every thing of the kind we had Teen, either at the Friendly or Society Iflands. Boats Were inimediately fent, to carry them on board; thie large hogs were picked out, to be falted tor fea-ftorc; and upwards of thirty fmaller pigs, and the vegetables, were divided between the two crews. The fame day, we quitted the Morai, and got the tents arid afti^niomicaf inftrumenis on board. The charm of the taboo was now removed ) and we had no ': - fooner i 51Q Captain Cook's THIRD VoYAoB (oooer left the place, than the natives ru(hed in, and fearched eacerly about, in expedlatiun of finding {bme< thing of value, that we might have left behind. As I happened to ren^ain the laft on (hore, and waited for the return of the boat« fever^l par(\e crowding about me, and having ip^de ipelit down by than, be^an to U^ment our reparation. It was, indeed, not without difficulty, I was able to quit them. And here, I hupc ] nfiay be perniitted to relate a trifling occurrence, in ^hich I was principally concerned* Having had the Qpmmand of the party on (bore, during the whole time we were in the bay, I had an opportunity of be- $;oming better acquainted with the natives, and of be- ing better known to therP) than thofe whofe duty re- quired them to be generally on board. As i had every reafon to be fatisfied with thei^ If indnefs, in general, fo i capnot too often, npr too parti<;ularlyi cneniioa the uin* bpujid^d $tQ4 Qonftant friendibip of t^eir prieft^. On my pan, I fp^rcd no endeavours to conciliate j^hfir a(f<^<^ions, and g^in tifieir dUcm ; and I had the ]good fortune to fucceed Co tar, that when the tiqae of our departuj:? w^s m^de kiiown, J vf^ ftrongly fpii- ipUe^ to remain behind, not withQ^t Qfterf pf |hc nipft flattering kioid. WM&a \ excuCcd myCplf, by laying, that Capt. Cook would not giv^ his confept, they prg- pofed, that 1 fhould retire into the n^ounuini; ^ where, they faid they would conceal me, till after me 4epArture of the Ibips } and on my farther afluripg theiiQi, that the Captain \yould not l^aye thebjiy without |0f, T^r- recoj?op aad Kaoo waited upon Capt, Cop^^ wl^pCe Cphi tjiey Cuppof^d I was, w^h a formal r^u^ tjjiijt J might be left behind. The Captain, tp ay(^d givipg ^ pu^- tive refufal, to an offer (o kindly intended, told them, that he could not part with ipf, at thfl^t titx^, b^t that |)^ihou|d return to the iHaiW Qc^t year, aa>4 would tl>fin j504e,s|V9ur itp fettle tl^c mj^tiey: to tjjcir l^tJafa^^voA- Early Round the World. $tt Early in the morning of the 4th, we unmoored, and failed out of the bay, with the Difcovery in company, and were followed by a great number of canoes. Cap- tain Cook's defign was tofinifli the fmvey of Owhyhcc, before he vifited the other iflands, in hopes of meeting with a road better Iheltered, than the bay we had juft left ; and in cafe of not iucceeding here, he purpofed to take a viev/ of the S. E. part of Mowee, where the natives informed us we fhould find an excellent har- bour. Capt. Cook had calm weather for three fucceedins much impeded his progrefs ; and, 'S ;nt gale came on, wli/ich of the Rcfolmton. t*his days, Whith midnight, on the 8th, a violent greatly damaged the fore-maft circuttiftance, which proved fo fatal to Capt. C<^• ; . ; t nuMn '\l!L t' jd BOOK |ti Captain Cook's tH^ao VoYjidk .:qsp ' ■'Jh ! }<:; I '1 BOOK iif. CHAP. IX. - i^. Death of Capt. Xiopk, with an account of the tranfac- tions at the iflanci Owhyhce, fubftquent to the death . of Capt. Cook — Capt. Gierke's departure frcm Owhy- _heer-^Ar rival at Atooi — Final departure from the r^Sandvyich iflancjs — »Di fcription of the naitives, and treatment of their women. AS the repairs of the Refolutioh requified fome time^ the allionomical apparatus was got aihore, and the tent^ pitched on the morai, oi burying place, where 8 guard of a c urporai and fix marineb were Rationed. The friendly correipondence was renewed With the priefts, who, for the greater lecuriiy of the workm^i, •ml their too's, tabooed the piace where the maft lay, fticking thtir wands round it as before. But notwith- ftanding this friendly behaviour f the pricfts, it was a matter of great lurprile» that when the (hips came to anchor, thigir rt ct puon was very diff.rcnt fiom what it had been on their Brft arrival ; no fh ^uts, no buille, no confufion, but a folitary bay, with only here and there a canoe Healing ciofe along the Ihore. Fhefe fufpicifius circumflances gave life to many co;je<5lures« but whatever thefe were, things went on in their uiual quiet courie tui the afternoon of the ijth. towards mmmtmmmmmm mm P mm Act le tranfac- » the death cmOwhy- from the fives, and fome time. Chore, and ace, where J (Rationed. With the workman, : mild lay. It notwith- s, it was a ps came to 3m what it no buftle, r here and re. Thefe ;orjcdlures< their uiual towards '•w^" m- TlielJEATH of CAiPTA.ii>r Coo W^^v. TJl AM' Tn ' ''"^ "^ i Ti''rir i •^/•^ ^;i U:i ^.a W ' '3-, ?^ m ^--»?# P^>A% ■ ".^ '^>AO-^>x^\\v, A^llNT C00KTfeB:RlJATVY14 I779 iff '^ J^* T PlSll^fPiUH--'!- ^' "^ '"•"tl'ST"*,-. TlieDEATH o RdttND THE World. 515 Towards the evening of that day, the officer who commanded the watering party of the Difcovery, came to inform me, that feveral chiefs had aflembled at the wdl near the beach, driving away the natives, whom he had hired to aAilt the uilors in rolling down the calks to the Ihore. He told me, at the fame time, that he thought their behaviour extremely fufpicious, and that they meant to give him fome farther difturbance. At his requeft, therefore, I fent a marine along with him, but fuffered him to take only his fide arins.^ In a (hort time the bfficer returned, and on his acquainting me, that the natives bad armed themfelves wuh ftones, and were grown very tumultous. I went myfelf to the fpot, amended by a marine, with his mufquet. Seeing us approach^ they threw away their ftones, and, on'my fpeaking to fome of the chiefs, the mob '^ere drivea away, and thofe who chofe it, were fulTercd to aflift in fillkag the calks. Having left things quiet here, I weiif l^: to meet Captain Cook, whom»I fa w coming alhore in tH*' pinnace. I related to htm what had juft pafled ; and he ordered me, in cafe of their beginning to throw . ftones, or behave infolently, immediately to me i ba8 at the offenders. I accordingly gave orders to thift cor- poral, CO have the pieces of the centinels load&drwith M, inftead of ftpall (hot. 'Vt^ m Soon after our return to the tents, we were alarmed by a continual fire of mufquets, from the Difcoveifyii which we obferved to be di celled at a canoe, that we faw paddling toward the (bore, in gceat hafte, puFfuijii by one of our fmall boats. ' We immediately concludecl that the firing was owing to fome theft, and the CaptAtd ordered me to follow him with a ifiacine'armed, and to endeavour to fcize the people as they cjime on thoi*. Accordingly we ran toward the plaOftij|htre we (Itip- pofed the canoe Would land, but were tooiiie^ the peo* ■% •'-•i 514 Captain Cook's third Voyaob pie having quitted it, and made their efcape into* the country befote our arrival. We were at this time ignorant, that the goods had been already rcftored j and as we thought it probable, from the circumftances \^e had at firft obferved, that they might be of importance, werit unwilling to relin- qui(h pur hopes of recovering (hem. Having therefore enquired of the natives, which way the people had fled, we tullowed them, till it was near dark, when judging ourfclves to be about three miles horn the tents, and fufpefting, thiu the natives, who frecjuently encouraged us in the purfuit, were amufmg us with falfe informa- tions, we thought it in vain to continue our fcarch any longer, and returned to the beach. During bur abfence, a difference, of more ferious and unpleafant nature, had happened. The officer, who had been fent in the fmall boat, and was return- ing on board, with the goods which had been reftored, obferving the Captain and me engaged in the purfuit of the oiTcndcrs, thought it his duty to fcizc the canoe, which was left drawn up on the (hore. Unfortunately, this canoe belonged to Pareea, who arriving, at the fame moment, from on board the Difcovcry, claimed his property, with many proteftations of his innocence. The officer refufmg to give it up, and being joined by the crew of the pinnace, which was waiting for the Cap- tsun, a fcuffie enfucd, in which Pareea was knocked down, by a violent blow on the head with an oar. The natives, who were colleftcd about the fpot^ and had hitherto been peaceable fpeftators, immediately at« tacked our people, with fuch a (bower of ftones, as forced them to retreat, with great precipitation, and £wira off to a rock at fome diftancc from the ffiore. The pinnace was immediately ranfackcd by the natives, and but for the timely interpoHtion of Pareea, who fcemed Round the World. 5^$ feemed to have recovered from the blow, and forgot it at the fame inftant, would foon have been entirely de- moliihed. Having driven away the crowd, he made figns to our people that they might come and take pof- fcffion of the pinnace, and that he would endeavour to get back the things which had been taken out of it. After their departure, he followed them in his ca- noe, with a midftiipman's cap, and fome other trifling articles of the plunder, and, with much apparent con- cern at what hsid happened, afked if the Orono Would kill him, and whether he would permit him to come on board the next day j On being affured, that he would be well received, he joined nofes with the officers, iii token of friendftiip, and paddled over to the village of Kowrowa. " . When the Captain was informed of what had paffed^ he expreffed much uneafmefs at it, I am afraid, faid he, that thefe people will oblige us to ufe fome violent mea- fures, for they muft not be left to imagine, that they have gained an advantage over us. He immediately gave orders, that every man and woman on board (hould be turned out of the Ihip. As fooh as this or- der was executed, I returned on (horej and our former confidence in the natives being much abated, by the events of the day, I polled a double guard on the mo- ral, with orders to call me, if they faw any men lurk- ing about the beach. At about eleven o'clock, five iflanders were oblerved creeping round the bottom of the moral ; they feemd very cautious in approaching us, and at la(t finding themfelves difcovered, retired out of fight. About midnight^ one of them venturing up clofe to the obfervatory, the centinel fired over him > on which the man fied, and we paffed the remainder of the night without farther difturbance, On the 14th of Feb. I went on board the Refolution On mmmm s •■ $i6 Captain Cook's third Voyaoe V for the time-keeper, and in my way, was bailed by the Difcovery, and informed, that their cutter had been ftolen during the night, from the buoy where it was moored. ^ When I arrived on board, I found the marines arm« ing, and the Captain loading his double-barrelled gun. Whilft I was relating to him what had happened to us in the night, he interrupted me with fome eagernefs, and acquainted me with the Jofs of the Difcovery's cutter, and with the preparations he was. making' for its recovery. It had been his ufual praftice, whenever any thing of confequence was loft, to get the King, or fome of the Chiefs on board, and keep thein as hof- tages, till it was reftored. This method, which had always been attended with fiiccefs, he meant to purfue on the prefent occalion ; and, at the fame time, had given orders to ftop all the caaoes that ftiould attempt to leave the bay, with' an intention of feizing and de-f ftroying them, if he could not recover the cutter by peaceable means. Accordingly, the boats of both fliips, well manned and armed, were ftation^d acrofs the bay; and, before I left the (hip, fome great guns had been fired at two large canqes, that were attempting to. make their efcape. It was between feven and eight o'clock when we quitted th^ Ihip together ; the Captain in the pinnace, having Mr. Philips and nine marines with him, and jnyfelf in the fmall-'boat. The laft orders I received from him were, to quiet the minds of the natives, on ov»r fide of the bay» by aifuring them, they ftiould not be hurt, ;o keep my people together, and to be on my guard. We then parted, the Captain went towards ^owrowa, yrhere the king rcfidcd, and I proceeded to .the beach. My firft care, on going aftiore, was to give (Iflf^ 9fdef§ ^0 ^bc l^arincs 19 remain within the tent, to Round the World. S^7 to load their pieces with ball, and not to quit their arms. Afterward I took a walk to the huts of old Kaoo, and the priefts, and explained to tlicm, as well as I could, the objeft of the hoilile preparations, which had exceedingly alarmed them. I found, that they had already heard of the cutter's being ftoien, and I affured them, that tho' the Captain was refolved to re- cover it, and to punifli the authors of the theft, yet that they, and the people of the village on this fide, need not be under the fmalleft apprehenfion of fufFcr- ing any evil from us. 1 defired the priefts to explain this to the people, and tell them not to be alarmed, but to remain peaceably and quiet. Kaoo afked me, if their king was to be hurt ? I alTured him, he was no: ; and both he and his brethren feemed fatisfied with this affurance, * , . ' In the mean thne, the Captain having called off the launch, which was ilationed at the N. point of the bay and taken it along with him, went to Kowrowa, and landed with the Lieut, and nine marines. He immedi- ately marched into the village, w here he was received with the ufual marks of rcfpc£l ; the people proftrat- ing thcmfelves before him, and bringing their accuf- tomed offerings of fmall pigs. Finding that their was no fufpicion of his defign, his next Itep was to inquire for the king, and his fons, who hud been his conftant guefts on board the Rcfolution. In a ftiort time, the boys returned, with the natives, who had been in fearch of them, and immediately led the Captain to the houfe where the king had llept. They found him jult awoke from fleep, and after a (hort converfation about the lofs of the cutter, from which the Captain was con- vinced that he was in no wife piivy to it, he invited him to return in the boat, and fpend the day on board the Rcfolution. To this propofal the king readily con- lentedi V 51^ Captain Cook's third Voyaob feiit^d, and immediately got up to atcompany him on board. Things were in this profperous train, the boys al- ready in the pinnace, and the reft of the party having advanced near the water-fide, when an elderly woman, the mother of the boys and one of the king's favour- ite wives, came after him, and with many tears and entreaties, befought him not to go on board. At the fame time, two Chiefs, who came along with her, laid hold of him, and infixing that he ihould go no fartjier, forced him to fit down. The natives, who were Col- ]c£ting in prodigious numbers along the (hore, began to throng round the Captain and their King. In this fitu- ation, the Lieut, of marines, obferving that his men were huddled clofe together in the crowd, and thus in- capabje of ufing thei^s^ms, if occafiop ihould require it^ propofed to the ^^^n to draw them up along the Tjocks, clofe to tht-miM't edge ; and the crowd rea- dily making way for the^io pafs, they were drawn up in a Ime, at the diftanpeof about 30 yards from the place where the king wai fitting. AU this time the oldi^tlig rieinained on the ground, theflrongeft marks of terror and deje(5iion in his tenence •, |be Captain not wilting to abandon the ^ed for which he had come on (hore, continuing to ^^rge him, in the moft preffing manner, to proceed ; whilft» on the othfr hand, whenever the King appear- ed inclined to follow him, the Chiefs, who ftood round hiiYi) interpofedf.at fir ft with prayers and entreaties, but afterwards, having recourfe to force and violence, and infifted on his ftaying where he was. Capt. Cook therefore finding, that the alarm had fpread too gene* ralljr, and that it was in vain to think any longer of getting him off, without bloodfhed, at laft gave up the points obferving to Mr. Philips, that it would be impof- ' fible Round the World. 5*9 fible to compel him to go on board, without the riik of killing a great number of th\ inhabitants. Though the enterprize wiich had carried Captain Cook on (hore had now faiUd, and was abandoned, yet his perfon did not appear \ o have been in the leaft danger, till an accident happened, which gave a fatal turn to the affair. The boats, which had been ftation- ed acrofs the bay^ having iired at fome canoes, that were attempting to get out, unfortunately had killed a Chief of the firS rank. The news of his death arrived at the village where Captain Cook was, juit as he had left the King, and was walking (lowly towards the ihore. The ferment it occafioned was very confpicuousi the women and children were immediately fent oif ; and the men put on their war-mats, and armed them* felves with Ipears and ilones. Oi^e of the natives^ having in his hands a ftone, and a long iron fpike (which they call a Pahooa), came up to the Captain^ flouriihrng his weapon, by way of defiance, and threati ening to throw the ftone. The Captain defired him to defift i but the man perfifted in his infulence, he was at length provoked to fire a load of fmall ihot. T he man having his mat on, which the (hot were not able to pe- netrate, this had no other effcdl than to irritate and cn- ' courage them. Several (tones were thrown at the ma- rines ; and one of the Erees attempted, to (tab Mr. Phil- lips with hib pahooa i but failed in the attempt* ancit rCr ceived from him a blow with the but end of his muf- quet. Captain Cook r»ow fired his iecond barrel, load- ed with ball, and killed one of the for^moft of the iia- tives. A general attack with (tones im- nediately follow- ed, which was anfwered by a difcharge of mufquetry from the marines, and the people in the boats. The iflahders, contrary to the expectations of every onCi flood the fire A^ith great ffrmnefs ; and before the ma'^ rioies bad time to reload, they broke in upon theni with dreadful -i |; i .. 'h Hf^wuwwuiP ^Wr '520 Captaih Cork's tHiRD VolTAci dreadful Hioutsand yells. What followed was a fcene of the uimoft horror and confufion* Four of the marines were cut off among the. rocVs in their retreat, and fell a facrifice to the fury of the ene- my i three more were dangeroufly wounded ; and the Lieutenant who had received a ftab between the fhoul- ders with a Pahooa, having fortunately refetved his fire, ihot the man who had wounded him juft as he was go- ing to repeat his blow. Our unfortunate Commander, the laft time he wasfeen diilindlly, wasl^anding at thi| water's edgv", and calling out to the boats to ceafe firing, and to pull in. If it be true, as fome of thofe who were prefent have imagined, that the marines and boat- men had fired without his orders, and that he was de- firous of preventing any further bloodftied, it is not rm- prcbable, that his humanity, on this occafion, proved fatal to him. For it was remarked, that while lie fa- ced the natives, none of them had offered him any vi- olence, but that having fumed about, to give his or- ders to the boats, he was dabbed in the back, and fell with his face into the water. , On feeing him fall, the iflanders. fet up a great Ihour, and his body was immediately dragged on (hore, and (urrounded by the enemy, who fnatching the dag- ger out of each other's hands, fhcwcd a favagc cagcr- iiefs to have a (hare in his deilruftion. Thus fell our great and excellent Commander ! After a life of fo much dillinguiflied and fuccefsfuleiiter prize, his death, as far as regards himfcif, cannc^4^ reck- oned premature \ fince he lived to firtifti the grSt work for which he fccms to have been defigned ; and was rather removed from the enjoyment, than cut off from the acquifition of glory. How fmcercly his lofs was lamented, by thofe who had fo long fouiid their gene- >. . • ral % ftouMD titi Would. 5" rai fecurity in his fkill and condiift, and eVery confola^ tion uiider their hardibips, iii his tenderncfs and huma<< nity, it is neither neceffiiry nor poifible for ine to de^ fcribe ; much lefs Ihall I attempt to paint the horror with which we Were (Iruck, and the univerfa! dejedfcioil and difmay^ which folio cd fo dreadful and unexpe^ed a calamity. The reader. 'Will not be difpleafed to turn from fo (ad a fcene, to the contemplation of his cha- ra£beir and virtdeSv wllilft Ikm flaying my lad tribute to the memory of a desir and honoured friendj in a fhorc hidory of his life and public fervices; Gat)t. James Cook, was borh hear Whitby, in York- ihire, in the year 1727 ; and^ at an early age^ was put apprentice to a ihopkeer in a nelghbourmg village* His iiatural inclination ndt having been confulted on this occafi-m, he fobtt quitted the counter from difguft, and baund himfelf for nine years, tb the mailer of a vcflel in the coal trade. At the breaking out of the . war in 1755^ be entered into the king's fervice, on board the Eagj^^^^t that time comnlanded by Captain Hamer, and afiSwards by Sir Hugh Pallifer, who foon difcovcred his merir, and mtroduced him on the quar« ter deck. in the year iys^9 ^<^ ^"^hich he was juft able to perform, and then fell down himfelf and expired. About this time, a ftrong reinforcement from both ibips, being landed, the natives retreated behind the walls; which. giving me acccfs to our friendly priefts, I fcnt one of them to endeavour to bring their country- men to fome terras, nnd to propofe to them, that if they would dclift from throwing ftones, I would not per-, mit our men to iire. This truce was agreed to, and we were fuffered to launch the maft, and carry off the fails, and our -aflronomical apparatus, unmoleffed. An 'foon as we had quitted the Morai, they took poffeffion of it, and fome of them threw a few (tones ; but with- out dbiug us any ibifchief. During this confultation, a vaftconcourfe df tiattves dill kept poffuliion of the (hore, and ibme of them came off ITT ^iB Captain Code's THiRii VoyAge off in canoes, and had the boldnefs to eome within pif- tol (hot of the (hips^ and to infiilt us by various marks of contempt and defiance. It was with great difHculty we could reftrain the failors from the ufe of their arrns^ on ihefe occafions ; but as pacific meafures had been refoived on, the canoes wcie fuffercdto return unmo- lefted. In purfuancc of this plan, it was cleterrained, that I fliould proceed towards the (hore, with the boats of bothihips, well manned and armed, with a vi'iw to bring the natives to a parley, and, if poflible, to obtain a. conference with fome of the Chiefs* If this attempt fucceeded, I was to demand the dead body of Captain Cook ; to threaten them with ven- geance in cafe of a refufal ; but, by no means, to fire unlefs attacked i and not to land on any account what- ever. I left the (hips about four in the afternoon. The whole crowd of native;: was in motion; the women and children retiring; the men putting on their \«ar (Tiats, and arming themfelves with long fpears and dag- gers ; and as foon as we were within reach, they be- gan to throw (lones at us with flings, but without do- ing us any mifchief. Concluding, therefore, that all attempts to bring them to a parky would be in vain, unlefs I iirft gave them fome ground for mutual confi- dence ; I ordered the armed boats to (top, and went on in the fmall boat, alone, with a white flag in my hand, which, by a general cry of joy from the natives, I had the fatisfadlion to find was inftantly underftood. The women immediately returned from the fide of the hill, whither they had retired; the men threw off their mats, and all fat d«wn together by the water-fide„ extend- ing their «rm3, and inviting me to come on Ihore. Though Round the World. 529 Though thU behaviour was very cxpreHiv^ of i^ friendly difpofition, yet I could not help entertaining lome fuCpicions of its Sincerity. But when I faw Koah, with a holdnefs and aflurance altogether unaccounta-< ble, fwin^tning off towards the boat; with a white fl^g in Tiis hand, I thought It neceilary to return this marl^ of confidence, arid ther'^forc received him into th* boat, though armed ; a circumftance whiph did not tend to leflen my fafpicions. I had long harboured m unfavourable opinion of this nnan. The pried had aU wavs told us, that he was of a nialicious difpofitio-n, and no friejidl of ours ; and the repeated detedlions of his treachery, had conviiced us of the' truth of their reprefent^tions. Add to aU thi$, th^ (hock.in'g tranf-^ atSlions of the iriorning, in which he was (een &6t\ng a principal P^^i made me feel the utmoft. horror atfind^ ing my felt To near him V and as he tafrw up to me with feigned tears, and embraced me, I w as fo Ai4ftruftful of his intention*, that I couldiioc help taking hold of the point of the pahooah which he held in hishs^nd, and tvirninjg it from me. I tpld him I was convs to demand' the body of Capt Cook, and to cleclare war againft them unlefs. It was inftantly reftored. He aflur^d me thisihcAUd be done as foon as poffible ; and, after begging of me a piece of iron, with n)uch aflurance, as if nothing extraordinary had happened, he leaped into the fe^, arid Twaipamorc, calling out to hi?' countrymen that we were all friends again. . We waited near an hour, with great anxiety for his iretum ;, dqring which tin^e, the red of the boats had approached fo near thfrihore^ as to enter into converr fation with A party of the natives, at ibme diftance fron)us ; by whom they were j^\m\y given to undcr- jl^and, that the body had been cut in pieces, and car- No, 23. X X X lied 53^ Captain Cook's third Voyaoi< ried up the country ; but of this circumllance I was" not informed, tiU our return to the ihips. I began now to exprefa feme impatience at Koah's delay \ upon which the chiefb preiled me exceedingly tD>come .ilhore, alTuring me, that if I would go my- felf to their Wing, the body would certainly be reflored to me. V^' Hen they found they cou^d not prevail on me to land, they attempted, undei^ pretence of wiih- ing to coA^ife with moreeafe, to decoy our boat a- tnGngfome pocks) where they would have had it in their power to^cut us off from the reft. It waa no dif^ iBcult matter to fee through thcfe artiBcea; and I was 'therefore ftrongly incliAedrto break ofF all further com- nnunication with them> when a chiet came to us, who was the particular friend* of Capt. Clerke, and of the Officers of the Difcovery, on board which (hip he had failed^ . \i hen welaft left the bay». intending to take his paffage to Mouee. Fie told us, he came from the king to acquaiat us,, that the body was carried up the country, but that it (hould' be brousht to us the next rr.p;hing. Ther^ appeared a great Stz\ of fmcerity in his manner i and being a(ked if he told a falfchobd, he- hooked his two fore-nogers together, which is under- ftood amongft thefe iflanders as the (ign of truth ^. ia^ ibe ufe of which they are very icrupulous. ' As i was no V atalofs in what manner to proceed, V. fcnt Mr. Vancouver to acquaint Capt. Clerke with alt that had pafled ; 'that my opinion was, they meant not to keep their word with us, and were fo far from being ibrry at what had happened, that on the contrary, they were full of (pirits and confidence on account of their late fuccefs, and fought only to gain time, till they could contrive fome fcheme for getting us into their power. Mr. Vancouver came back with, orders for tat to return oa board i having iirft given the natives: - -•■.-■ • to H^ u N D THB World. ^^ to undedtand, that;, if the body was not brought the~ .next morning, the town Ihould be deHroyed* When they faw that we were going off, they en- flea vourcd to provoke us by the moft infulting and contempeftuous geftute^. Some of our people faid, they could di(lingui(h (everal of the natives parading about in the clothei ef our unfortunate comrades.; and, among theni^ a Oiief brandifliing Capt. Cook's haiv* ger, and a woman holding the fcabbard. Indeed, therie .can be no doubt, but that our behaviour had given >them a mean opinion of our courage ; for thcv could jiave but little notion ^f the motives of huma.nity tha;t wdiredcd it. ' In conirequence oF ihc report 1 made tto Captain Clerkc, of what I conceived to be the ptefcnt difppfi- tion of the natives, the moft effc^ual mt-ihoils were Ntaken to guard againft any . attack. the^r might inalkem the night. The boats were moored with .top.chains ^ additional' Tentinels were pofted on both Ihips ; and ^uard- boars were ftationed to row round them, ih oi;- der to prevent the natives :i&om cutting the cables. During the night we obierved a prodigious number 6f * lights on the Hills, which made us imagine^ th£.y wer/e removing their effcfts back into the country, in-confe- (Quence of our threats. But I rather believe them to have been the facrifices that were perfarraihg on ac- itoutit of the war, in which they imagined themfelves .about to be engaged.; and moft probably the bodiqB 'cf our flain countrymen were, at that time buriv- We remained the whole night undiftarl)ed> ^cept %y the howlingsind lamentations Whieh were heard on ilAiore i and earl^ the next morning, Koah came along-* ^4c the .Refolution, with aprefent to me. I have men- vtioneti 532 Captain Cook's third Voyaob' ■ f •- ■- . ■ ■ ■ ■ ■. tioned before, that I ^vas fuppQfcd,-.by jthe natives, to be the foft of the Captain ; and as he, in his life-time, had always faffcred them to believe it, I was prob^ibly confidered as the chief, after his death. As foon as I camfe ondiick, I qucftioned him about the body ; and, on his returning me nothing but evaiivc anfwcrs, I re- fuf6d to accept his prefents, and was going to difmifs hint', with fome expreiTions of anger and i^cfentment, had not Capt. Clcrkc, judged it bed, at all events, to keep up the app'earance of friendfhip, and thought it more proper, that he Ihould be treated with the ufual tefpeft. He was exceedingly urgent with us to go on iliorc, laying all the blame of the detention of the bo- dies on the other chiefs ; and a^Turing us, that every thing might be fettled to our fatisfaftion, by. a pcrfon- al interview with their king.. However, hi^ coudu(5l Was too fufpicious to make it prudent to pomply with this requell ; .and he left us. . . The grcateft part of the day was taken up, in getting the fore-maft into a proper fituation on deck, for the carpenters to work upon itj and in ipfiking the neceffary alterations in the Commiffion of the officcrs.^ The command of the expedition having devolved on Capt. Clerkc, he removed on board the Refolution, appoint- ed Lieut. Gdre to be Capti of the Difcovery, and pro- moted Mr.Hervey, araidfliipman, to thgi Vacant Lieu- tenancy. ^ Duringrthe Whole day. We nijrtet wy:h t»o iA- terruption from the tiattves j and at pight; the launch ^as again moored with, 1 top- ch^iiii, and guard-bpatS; ilationed round both fiiip&^^ before. ^bout eight o'clock* .it being very dark, a canofc was heard paddling towards. tl^e fhip, and. as foon as it VyiS.feeD, both the centjnels on deck fired into it. Ther? •Were two perfons in tbc canoe, and they immediately irpared but Tifinecj (which was the way in which they '"■ pronounced R o u N D THE World. 533 pronounced my name) and faid they were friendsi and had fomething fot m6 belonging to tjie Captain. When they came on bpiird, they threw themfclyes at our feet, and appeared exceedingly frightened. Lucki- ly ncithei; of them >^as hurt^ notwithltanding tiie balU of both pieces had gone thro* tl^e c^'rtoc* One of them after the Ipfs of the Orotio told us> that he Had brought a part of his body. He then prefented to us a ^mall bundle Wrapped up in cloth, which he brought und«r , his arm ; and it is impoflible tb defcribc th^horrdr v/hich feiiKed us, on .finding in ir, a piece of human flefti, about nine or t^n pounds weight. 'I'his, hd faid, was all that remained of the body ^ that the reft Was cut to pieces, atid burnt ; but that the head and all the bones, except what belonged to the trunks were in the pofleflioh of their king, and the other Ea« and what we faw had been allotted to Kabo, the rees chief of the priefts, to be made ufe of in feme religi* ous ceremony ; and that he had fcnt it as a proof 0f his innocence and attachment to us. .», ■ . ' ^ ■ . ■ • This afforded iih oppottunity of informing ourfelves^ whether they were cannibals ; and we did not i^gle^i it. We lirft trfcd, by many indlreft queftioni, put , t I W$ learned from thefe men, that ly of their cou n» trymea had been killed in ^e firita£iion at Kuwrpwa, of whom five were chiefs ^ and that Xaneena and hia bMther, our very particular friends, were unfortunately of that number. Eight, they (aid, wdte killed at the oy^ryatory, thf|}e q^ whom were #1ia of the fit^ If About eleven }0^<^lo«:||f our ^woic^endi left us, an4 to(^ ^h!t^ pr(^«^iiiii9n,,;|otldefire, that our guard-boa^ might a^teqd fh<^, tili: tbey> had pa0ed die Difcovcry, left they (hould agi^in be^ed^upon, which might alarq;^ their countr^mcq on (bore^and cxpofe them to the *daivgef oi^^eioigdircpvcred* This requeft was com? piijed with, and we,; hiMl, the (gtiafadtion to findf tha( >^^y :gPt lafe to (here. On Round the World. 535 an4 boa^ larfii I che :oin? On the i6th about noon^ finding us petfift in our in- activity, great bodies of the natives, after blowing their coochs, and ufing every mode of defiance, inched off, over the hilli, and never appeared afterwards. Theft ^ however, who remained, were not the lefs daring and infolent. One man had the audacity to come within mufquet (hot, a-head of the (hip, and after flinging fe*' veral (tones at us, he waved the Captain's hat over his head, whilft his countrymen were exuhin^, and encou- raging hi» boldnefs. Our people were all m a flame at this infult, and coming in a body on the quarter deck, begged they might no longer be dbligedi to put up with repeated provocations, and requefted me to obtain per- miffiOh for them, from Capt. Gierke, to avail themfetves of the fiift fair occafion of revenging the death of their commander. On my. acquainting nim with what wai paiBng, he gave orders for fome great guns to be Bred at the natives on (hore, and promifed the crew, thfttif they (houldmeet with any moleitation at the watering- place the next day, they ihould then l>e left at liberty to chaftiifi them» It IS ibmethiBg remarkable, that before we cotild bring out guns to bear,, the natives had flip SeAed our intehtions, from the (lir they faw in the lip, and had retired behind their houfes and wdll^. We were therefore obliged to fire, in fome meafurc, at random^ notwithftanding which, our (hot produced the effects that could have been defired. For, fooii after, we faw Koah paddling towards us, with extreme haftc, and on his arrival, we learnei!,. that fome people had been killed, and ambngft the reft, Maiha-maina, a principal chief, and a near relation of the king. Soon after the arrival of Koah, two boys (warn oft from the morai towards the (hips, having each a long fpcar in^s hand, and after they had approached pret- ty uearf. they bcgati^^to chant a fong, in averyfolemu manner J Qn $$S Captain Cook's third Voyaob manner ; the fubjefl of which, from their often men- tioning the word Orono, and pointing to the village wlicr^ Captain Cook Was killed; we concluded to be jhe late calamitous difart'er. Having fung in plaintive ftraifl for about twelve or fifteen minutes, during the >xrhole.df which time they remained in the water, they wciit on board the Dilcovery, and delivered their ifjpearS ; and after making a (hort (lay, returned on fnore. Who fent them, or what was the object 9f this ccrcpipny, we were never able to learn. - At nigh!, the ufual precautions were taken fpr the fe- purityor the ftiips > and. as foon as it was dark, our two mends, who had vlfifed us the night befoi^c, came -pff again. They aflured us, that though tbcciTefts of pur great guns, this afternoon^ had terrified the chiefs cxcepdingly, they had by no mcanis laid afide' their iioftile intei^tigns, and advifed us to be always on our The next morning the boats of both (hips were fent aihpre for water, and the Difcovery was warped clofe to tbq btjach, in order to cover their fervice. We foon found, that the intelligence which the priefls had fent lis, was not without foundation j and that the natives ivere rcfoivcd to take every opportunity of annoying as, when it could be dqnewithoi^t much rifk. In ni^, our people were fo taken up in attending to their own fafety, that, they employed the whole forenoon in filling only brie top of water. As it was therefore im- poffibleto perform this fervice, tjll their afli^ilants were driven to greater diftance, the Difcovery was ordered to diflo^ge them, with her great guns j which being <^fted by a feW'difchi^rges, the hien jan^pd without mplejlation. However, the natives loon after made thcjr! appearance again ; and it T^as npw fciuiid abfo- lutely ncccflary to burn down fome few flraggling houfes '■".''•:■ * near Round the World. SS7 near a wall, behind which they had taken (hcltcr. la executing thcfe orders, I am forry to a< 1, that our peo- ple were hurried into aAs of unncceflary cruelty and devaftation ; altho' fomething ought certainly to be al- lowed to their refentraent of the repeated infults, and contcupeftuous behaviour, of the iflanders, and to the natural defire of revenging the lofs of their Com- mander. I have already mentioned, that orders had been gi-' ven to burn only a few draggling huts, which afforded fliclter to the natives. We were therefore a good deal furprifed to fee the whole village on fire j End before a boat, that was fent to ftop the progrefs of the mlf- chief, could reach the (bore, the houfes of our old and conftant friends, the priefts, were all in flames. I cannot enough lament the illnefs that confined me oa board this day. The priefts had always been under my proteftion ; and, unluckily, the officers who were on duty, having been feldom on Ihore at the morai, were not much acquainted with the circumftances qi the place. Had I been prefent myfelf, I might proba- bly hav^ been the means of faving their little ibciety, from deftruAion. Several of the natives were fliot in making their efcape from the flames j and our people cut oiF the heads of two of the natives, and brought them on board. ' 'At "this time an elderly man was taken prtfoner, bound, and fent on board in the boat with the heads of hfs two companions. I never faw horror fo ftrongly pifturcd, as in the* face of this man, nor fo violent a tranfition to extravagant joy, as when he was untied, and told he might go away in fafety. He fliewcd us he did not want gratitude, as he frequently afterwards re- ^ Y y -y turned i] 5.5^ Captain Cook's third Voyage turned with prefents of provifions, and alfo did us other fcrvices. . SoOn after the village was deftroycd, we faw, com- ing down the hill, a man, attended by fifteen or twenty boys, holding pieces of white cloth, green boughs, and plantains in their hands. I knew not how it hap- pened, that this peiAceful embaffy, as foon as they were within reach, received the fire of a party of our men. This, however, did not ftop them. They continued their proccffioij, and the officer on duty came up, ia time, to prevent a f^cond difcharge. As they ap- proached nearer, it was found to be our much efteem- cd friend Kaireekeea, the prieft, who had fled on our fey ing fire to the village, and had now returned, and defired to be fent on board the Refolution* When he arrived, we found him exceedingly grave and thoughtful. We endeavoured to make hira undcr- ftand the necefTity we were under of fetting fire to the village, by which his houfe, and thofc of his brethren, were unintentionally confumed. He expoiiulated a lit- tle with us on our want of friendfhip, and on our in- gratitude. And ihdeed, it was not till now, that we learnt the whole extent of the injury we had done them. He told us, that relying on the promifes I had made them, and on the aflurances they had after- wards received from the men, who had brought us the remains of Capt. Cook, they had not removed their cf- fefts back into the country, with the reft of the inha- bitants, but had put every thing that was valuable of their o^^^^, as well as what they add collefted from us, into a houfe clofe to themorai, where they had the mor* tification to fee it all fet on fire by us. On coming on board, he had fe .n the heads of hisj couutrymen, lying on the deck, at which he was ex- ceedingly IS Other 7, corn- twenty boughs, it hap- ey were )ur men. mtinued : up, in hey ap- i efteem- . on our ned, and \y gravt m under- re to the jrethren, ted a lit- n our in ' that we lad done romifes I ad after- It us the their ef- he inha- uable of frona us, the mor- ds of his was ex- ceedingly RotJMD tHB World. SS'^ cecdingly (hocked, and defired, with great earneftnefs, that they might be thrown overboard. This requeft Captain Gierke immediately ordered to be corapUed with. In the evening, the watering party returned oh board, having met with no farther interruption. We paffed a gloomy night ; the cries and lamentations wc heard on fliore being far more dreadful than ever. Our only confolation was, the hope that we fhould haye no occafion, in future, for a repetition of fuch fev£rities. . It 13 very extraordinary, that amidft all thefe diftur- bances, the women of the ifland, who were on board, never OiTered to leave us, rior difcovered the fmalleft apprehenfions either for themfelves or their friends on fliore. So entirely unconcerned did they appear, that fome of them, who were on deck when the town was in flames, feemed to admire the fight, and cried out, that it was maitai, or very fine. The next morning, Koah came ofF as ufual to the fliips. As there exifted no longer any neceffity for keeping terms with him, I was allowed to have my own way. When he approached towards the fide of the fliip, finging his fong, and offering me a hog, and fome plantains, I ordered him to kee^^ oif, cautioning him never to appear again without Capt. Cook's bones, lefl: hi., life fliould pay the forfeit of his frequent breach of promife. He did not appear much mortified with this reception, but went immediately on Ihore, and joined a party of his countrymen, who were pelting the watcrers with ftones. The natives bdng at lafl convinced that it was not the want of ability to ^uni{h thcm^ which had hither- to IPP 560 Captain Cook's third Voyage to made us tolerate their provocations, defifted from giving us further moleftation ; and, in the evening-, a chief called Eappo, who had feldom vifited us, but whom we knew to be a man of the very firil confc- quence, came with prefents from the king to fue for peace. The prefents were received and he was dif- milTed with the fame anfvver which had before been given, that until the remains of Capt. Cook, Ihoukl be reftored, no peace would be granted. We learned from this pcrfon, that the flefli of all the bodies of our people, together with the bones of the trunks, had been burnt ; that the limb bones of the marines had been- divided amongft the inferior chiefs; and that thofe of Capt. Cook, had been difpofed of in the following manner: the head to a great chief, called Kahoo-opeon ; the hair to Mahia-mahia; and the legs, thighs, and arms, to the king. i\ ft er it was dark, many of the inhabitants came off with roots and other vegetables \ and we alfo received two large prefents of the fame ar- ticles from Kaireekeea. The igih was chiefly taken up in fending and re- ceiving the meflages which paffed between Capt. Gierke and the king. Eappo was very prcfling, that one of our officers Ihould go on fliore ; and, in the mean time, offered to remain an hodage on board. This re- queft, however, it was not thought proper to comply with; and he left us with a promife of bringing the bones th^ next day. At the beach, the waterers did not meet with the leaft qppofition from the natives; who, notwithflanding our cautious behaviour, came a- mongft us again, without the fmalleft appearance 0^ diffidence or apprehenfion. About ten in the morning of the aoth, we faw a great number of people dtfcending the hill, v/hich is over the beach, in a kind of procclTion, each man czirrying Round the World. 561 carrying a fugar-cane on his two (boulders, and bread- fruit, taro, and plantains in bis hand. They were pre- ceded by two drummers; who, when they came to the water-fide, fat down by a white' flag, and began to beat their drums, while thofe who had tollowed them, ad- vanced, one by one ; and, having depofited the pre- fcuts they had brought, retired in the fame order. Soon after, Eappo came in fight, in his long feathered cloak, bearing fomething with great folemnity in his hands; and- having placed himfelf on a rock, he made figns for a boat to be fent him. Capt Gierke conjecturing that he had brought the bones of Capt. Cook, which proved to be the faCl, went himfelf in the pinnace to receive themj and or- dered me to attend them in the cutter. When we ar- rived at the beach, Eappo came into the pinnace, and dehvered to theCaptain the bones wrapped up in a large quantity of fine new cloth, and covered with a fpotted cloak of black and white feathers. -He afterwards at- tended us to the Refolution ; but could not be pre- vailed on to go on board; probably not choofing, from a fenfe of decencyj to be prefent at the opening of the bundle. We found in it both the hands of Capt. Cook entire, which were well known from a remarkable fear on one of them, that divided the thumb from the fore-, finger, the whole length of the metacarpal bone ; the ^ikuU, but with the fcalp feparated from it, and the bones that form the face wanting ; the fcalp, with the hair upon it cut ihort, and the ears adhering to it ; the bones of both arms, with the Jkin of the fore-arms hanging to them; the thigh and leg-bones joined toge- ther, but without the feet. The ligaments of the joints entire ; and the whole bore evident marks of having been in the fire, except the hands, which had the flefli left upon them, and were cut in feveral places, ftnd cram^led with fait, apparently with an intention of prefer ving li '1 J "»""•'" $6i Captain Cook's third Voyage / prefcrving jhcm. The fcalp had a cut in the back part of it, but the (kull was free from any ffa<5lure. The lower jaw, which was wanting, Eappo toid us, had been feized by a chief, and that the king was uling every means to recover it. The next morning (Sunday) Eappo and the king's fon came on board, and brought with them the re- maining bones of Cipt. Cook, and the barrels of hii gun, his fhoes, and other triflt:s that belonged to him. Eappo took great pains to convince us, that the king, Maiha-maiha and himfelf, were mod heartily de- firous of peace; that they had given the moft con- vincing proof ot it in their power i and that they had been prevented from giving it fooner, by the other chiefs, many of them were dill our enemies. He la* mented with the greateft forrow, the death of fix chiefs we had killed, one of whom was our beft friend. Tha cutter, he told us, was taken away by Pareea's people; very probably in levenge for the blow that was given him; and that it was broken up the next day. Nothing now remained, but to perform the lad offices to our great and unfortunate comnriander. Eappo was difmiiled with orders t® taboo all the bay ; and, in the afternoor, the bones having been put into a coffin, and the fervice read over them, they were committed to the deep with the ufual military honours. What our feelings were on this occafion, I leave the world to con- ceive, thofe w ho were prefent know, that it is not in my power to cxprcfs them. During the forenoon of the 2zd, not a canoe wai feen paddling in the bay ; the taboo, which Eappo had laid on it the day before, at our requeft, not being yet taken off. At length Eappo came off to us. We af* fured him, that we were now entirely fattfified i and (bac as Round the World. 5^3 ck part The IS, had i uiing king's the re- rels of iged to ;hat the tily de- lft con- ley had s other Helae X chiefs . The people } IS given t offices )po was , in the in, and tted to hat our to con- tin my oe wai >po had ingyet Wcaf* nd (hac as the Orono was buried^ all the remembrance of what had pafTed was buried with him. We afterwards de- fired him to take off the taboo, and to make it known ihat the people might bring their provifions as ufual. The Ihipe were foon furroundcd with canoes, and many of the chiefs came on board, exprefling great for- row, at what had happened, and their fatisfaftion at our reconciliation. Several of our friends, who did not vi- fil us, fent prefents of large hogs, and other provilions, Amongft the reft came the old treacherous Koah, but was refufed admittance. As we had now every thing ready for fea, Captain Clerke imagining, that, if the news of our proceedings (hould reach the iflands to leeward before us, it might have a very bad effecft, gave ord/srs to unmoor. About *»ight in the evening we difnXiiTcd aU the natives ; and Eappo, and the friendly Kaireekcea, took an affedlion- ate leave of us. We immediately wei^ihed, and ftood out of the bay. The natives were colleded on the (horc in great numbers j and, as we' pafled along, re^^ ceived our laft farewels, with every mark of aSftioil and good-will. His firft objeA was to fearch for an harbour on the S. E. fide of Mowce. Being driven, however, by the ^i^ftcrly winds and current, he was not able to gain ir. bm, on the ift of March, anchored again (ff theifland of Atooi. The great bufinefs there was to procure war- ier and provifions i but the party employed on (horc for this purpofe, were in the moft imminent danger. Nothing but the moderation and management of Lieut. King could have prevented a repetition of the cataftfo«r pheof Owhyhee. Harmony however was reftored bf the interpc"" ion of the chiefs, who attributed this hof>' tile ciicumitance- to a want of fubordi nation, which waft the aatural cooiequeAce of the ^ivil diflentio»^ which 5^4 Captain Cook's third Voyage ^hich then reigned in the iflands, and which were occa- fionedby the goats which Gapt. CooV had Icfc at Once- heow, and which were all deftroyed in the conteft. On the 8th, Capt. Gierke failed from Atooi, and anchored the fame afternoon off Oneeheow. On the 12th, he fi- nally left thefe iflands. We have already. given various particulars of the Sandwich Iflands, in our defcription of the ifland of Atooi. It will be now proper to add a few obfevva- tions. — ^They confift of a group of 1 1 in number, ex- tending in lat. from 18 deg. 54 min. to 22 deg. 15 min. North; and in long, from 199 deg. 36 min. to 205 deg. to 206 min. E. They were named the Sandwich Iflands by Capt. Cook, in honour of the Earl of Sand- wich, under whofe aufpices this voyage was underta- ken. The climate here differs very little from that of the Weft India iflands, which lie in the fame latitude. Whether they are fubjc^l: to the fame violent winds and hurricanes could not be difcovered, as the fhips were not there in ai-^y of the ftormy months ; but Cap- tain King thinks it probable, that, in this refpe6i, they referable the Society and Friendly Iflands, which are, in a great meafure, free from thefe dreadful vifitations. Of the qufldrupedes in thefe iflands, the only fort worthy of cbfervation are the dogs, and that merely on account of the manner iri which they are treated here ; a manner fo different from the Europeans. Thefe dogs are about the fize of the common turnfpit ; exceedingly fluggifli in their nature ; which may be more owing to the manner in which they are treated, than to their natural difpofiiion. They are, in gene- ral, fed, and left to herd, with the hogs ; nor did there appear one inftance in which a dog was made a companion in the manner we do in Europe. Indeed, the cultom of eating them i$ an infup^rable bar to theit Round the World. 5S5 itations. their admifTion into fociety ; and as there iire are nei« ther beads of prey in rhc iflands, nor objefts of chace, it is probable, that the focial qualities of the dog, his fidelity, attachment, and fagacity, will remain unknown to the natives. With refpc^l to vegetables, the mod remarkable w^rc feveral large roots brought to the fliips at Oneehcow. They were of a brown colour, fhaped like a yam, and from fix to ten pounds in weight. The juice, which it yields in great abundance, is very fweet, and of a plca- fant tafte, and was found to be an excellent fubftitutc for fugar. The natives are very fond of it, and ufe it . as an article of their common diet ; and our people alio found it very palatable and wholefome. It was fuppofed to be the root of fome kind of fern. The natives of thefe iflands, are, in general, above the middle fize, and well made ; they walk very grace- fully, run nimbly, and are capable of bearing great fa- tigue ; though, upon the whole, the men are fome what- inferior, in point of ftrength and aAivity, to the friend- ly illanders, and the women lefs delicately limbed than thofe of Otaheite. Their complexion is rather darker than that of the Otaheitcans, and they are not altoge- ther fo handfome a people. However, many of boih fexes had fine open countenances} and the women in particular, had good eyes and teeth, and a fweetucfs and fenfibility of look, which rendered them very en- gaging. , Theii hair is of a brownifti black, and nei-. ther uniformly ftraight, like that of the Indians in A- merica, nor uniformly curling, as among the African negroes, but varying, in this rcfpeft, like the hair of Europeans. One flriking peculiarity, in the features of every part of this great nation, I do not remember to have fcen any where mentioned ; which is, that, even in the handfomefl faces, there is always a ful- Z z 2 nefs $66 Captain Cook's third Voyao* nefs of the noftril, without any flatnefs or fpreading of the nofe, that diftingiiifhes them from Europeans. It is not improbable that this may be the cfFcft of their ufual mode of falutation, which is performed by prcfs- ing the ends of their nofes together. Notwithflanding the irreparable lofs we fiiffcred from the fudden refentment and violence of the people, yet, m juflice to their general conduft, it muft be acknow- ledged, that they are of the moft miM and affeftionate difpofition ; equally remote from the extreme levity and ficklenefs of the Otahciteans, and the diftam gravity and referve of the inhabitants of the- Friendly Iflands. They appear to live in the utmoft harmony and friend- ihip with one another. The women, who had chil- dren, were remarkable for their tender and conftant attention to them ; and the men would often lend their aflirtance in tliofc domcftic offices, with a willingnefs that does credit to thcirifeelings. It muft, however, be obferved, that they fall very fliort ot the other iflandcrs, in that beft teft of civiliza- tion, the refptdls paid to the women. Here they are not only deprived of the privilege of eating with the men, but the beft forts of food arc tabooed, or for- bidden thtm. They are not allowed to cat pork, tur- tle, fcveral kinds of filh, and fome fpecies of the plan- tains ; and we were told that a poor girl got a terrible beating, for having eaten, on board our fliip, one of thcfe interdifted articles. In their domeftic life, they appear to live almoft entirely by themfelves, and though we did not obferve any inftances of perfonal ill treat- ment, yet it was evident they had little regard or at- tention paid them. The great hoipitality and kindnefs, with which we were received by them, have been frequently remark- ed j Round the World. 5^7 cd } and indeed they make the principal part of ouir tianfaftions with them. Whenever we came on fliore, there was a conftant ftruggle who ftiould be mofl for- ward in making us little prefents, bringing rcfreftiments, or (hewing fome other mark of their rcfpcdl. The old people never failed of receiving us with tears of joy ; feemcd highly^ gratified, with being allowed to touch ps, and were conllantly making comparifons betweei; thcmfelves an^d us, with the ftrongell marks of humihy. The young women were not lels kind and engaging, and till they found, notwithftanding our endeavours tq prevent it, that they had reafon to repent of our ac- quaintance, attached themfclves xo .us without the lea{^ referve. Injuftice, however, tothefex, it muft be obferved, that thefc ladies were probably all of the lower clafs oi the people, fof I am ftrongly inclined to believe, that, excepting the few, whofe names are mentioned in the courfe ot the narrative, we did not fee any woman of irank in the iilanji. Their natural capacity feems, in notefpedl, below the common ftandard ot mankind. Their improve- ments in agriculture, and the perfetflion of their manu- fadlures, are certainly adequate to the circumftances of their fituation, and the natural advantages they enjoy. The eager curiofity, with which they attended -the ar- mourer's forge, and the many expedients they had in- vented, even before we left the iflands, for working the iron they had procured from us, in fuch forma as were bed adapted for their purpofcs, were ftrong proofs of docility and ingenuity. Our unfortunate friend, Kaneena (killed with his brother and j 5 of the nativas in the fatal confli6t with Capt. Cook) poflefled a degree of judicious curiofity, " " "" . and SS9 Captain Cook's third Voyage and a quicknefs of conception, which was rarely met with amongft thefe people. He was very inquifittvc after our cuHoms and manners ; a(ked after otjr kingi the nature of our government i our numbcts; the method of building our fhips } our houfes ; the produce of our country ; whether we had uars ; witti vrhom i and on what occafions ; and in what manner they were carried on ; who ws^s our God ; and many other queftions of the fame nature, which indicated ai^ iindeiltanding of great comprehenfion. We met with two inftances of perfons difordercd in their minds, the one a man at O w hyhee, the other a wo- man at Oneeheow. It appeared, from the particular attention and refpedl paid to them, that the opinion of their being infpired by the Divinity, which obtains a- mong mou of the nations of ^he Ea(V, is a\fo received here. The inhabitants of thefe iflands differ from tl^ofc of the Friendly Ifles, in fuftering, almoft univerfally, their beards to grow. There were, indeed, a few, amongft whom was the old king, that cut it off entirely j and others that v/ore it only upon their upp.er lip. "Iphc lame variety, in the manner of wearing tli,9^i,air, is al- io obfervable here, as among the other iflanders of the. fouth feiis i befides which, they have a fafhion, as far as we know, peculiar to themielves. They 9u^ it cloi(Sp on each fide the head, down to the cars, leaving a iidge, of about a fmall hand's bre^citb, running frohi the forehead to the neck; which, >vi[i^n the hair is thick and curling, has the fprni of a crcft of tht anci- ent helmet. Others wear large quantities o.f falf? ^*^^''» flowing down their backs in long ringlets j an^ Others again, tie it into a fmgle round bunchbn the top of the head, almofl as large as the head itfelf ; and fome into five or fix diftinv the face. From Come information we received, relative to the cuftom of tatovyring, we were inclined to think, that it is frequently intended as a ftgn of mourning on the death of a chief, or any other calamitous eveat. For we wer^ oftep tQld> chat fuch a particular mark was '5:5 w IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k A« V**' ^>^ <' vl^ ^ 1.0 I.I 128 ■ 40 Km ■ 2.2 L25 iu 2.0 I lis 1.6 ^ / Z ^? ^>.^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23Vvri5t MAINSTKHT WIBSTIJt.N.y. MSSC (716/ i72-;>r« ^\ ^ ■ss :\ \ -^Cv ^\ ^'^"V "^J^^ ^ ; 0yo. Captain Cook's third Voyao« lii memory of fuch ^ chief, and fo of the reft. It may be here, too, obferved, that the loweft clafs are often tattowed with a mark, that dtdingutfhes them as the property of the feveral Chiefs to whom they belong. The drefsof the men generally corififts of a piece of thick cloth called the maro, about ten or twelve inches broad, which they pafs between the legs, and tie round the viaift. This is the common drefs of all ranks of people. Their mats, fome of which are beautifully manufac^lured, are of various fizes, but moftly about five feet long, and four broad. Thefe they throw over their fhoulders, and bring forward before ; but they are feldom ufed, except in time of war, for which purpofe they feem better adapted than for ordinary ufe, being of a thick and cumberfome texture, and capable. of breaking the blow of a ftone, or any blunt weapon. Their feet are generally bare, except when they have occafion to travel over the burnt ftones, when they fe- cure them with a fort of fandal made of cords, twifted from the fibres of the cocoa-nut. Such is the ordinary drefs of the iflandcrs ; but they have another, appro- priated to their chiefs, and ufed on ceremonious occa- iions, confining of a feathered cloak and helmet, which in point of beauty and magnificence, is perhaps nearly equal to that of any nation in the world. Thefe cloaks are made ofditferent lengths, in proportion to the rank of the wearer, fome of them reaching no lower than the teiddle, others trailing on the ground. The inferior chiefs have alfc a ftiort cloak, refembling the former, made of tl^e long-taiPd feathers of the cock, the tropic and man of war birds, with a broad border of the fmall and yellow feathers, and a collar of the fame. Othei3 again are made of feathers entirely white, with variega- ted borders. The helmet has a ftrong lining of wick- er-work, capable of breaking the blow of any war- like inftrument, and fccms evidently defigaed for that purpofe^ Round the World. 57* ICV3 purpofe. Thcfc feathered drcfles feemed to be exceed- . ingly fcarce, appropriated to perfons of the bigheft rank^ and worn by the men only. The exa6V referoblance between tbis habit, and the cloak and helmet formerly worn by the Spaniards, was too (Inking not to excite our curiofity to inquire, whe- ther there were any pirobable grounds for fuppofangit to have been borrowed from them. After ezertiiig every means in our power, of obtaining information on this fubjefl, we found that they had no immediate knowledge of any other nation whatever ; nor any tra- dition remaining among them of thefe iflands having been ever vifited before by any fuch (hips as ours, ^t notwithftanding the refult of thefe inquiries, the un- common form of this habit appears to me a fuffident proof of its European origin i efpecially when added to another circumllance, that it is a fmgular deviation from the general refemblance in drefs, which prevails amongil all the branches of this tribe, difperfed through the South Sea. We were driven indeed, by thisoon- clufion, to a fuppofition of the (hipwreck of fome Buc- caneer, or Spanifli (hip, in the neighbourhood of thefe. idands. But when it is recoUeded, that the courCe oC the Spani(h trade from the Acapulco to the Mamllasa is but a few degrees to the Southward of the Sandwich Iflands, in their paflage out, and to the Northward, an their return, this fuppofition will not appear in the kafl improbable. The common drefs of the women bears a clofe refem- blance to that of the men. They wrap round the waift a piece of cloth, that reaches half way down the thi^; and . fometimes, in the cool of the evening, they ap- peared with loofe pieces of iine cloth thrown over ihar (boulders, like the women of Otaheite. The Pan is another drefs very frequently worn by the yoanger part j;74 Captain Cook's third Voyaob pkrt t)f the fe)c. It is made of the tfiMnelft ihd fihtft fort of cloth, wrapt feveral times round ihe waift, ind defcending to the leg ; fo as to have exa£^)y the ap- pearance of a fall (hbirt pctti^rbat. Their hiiV is but flmn behind t and ttikned up be?6re. as is the fa()iion among the Otaheite&hs ind New Zeal^hderb ; 411 of whom diffar, in this fcfpeft, fronrt the Vvomeh ofthe Friendly Iflatl^, who wear their hair long. We fiW, indeed', one wotttSLti In Karakakoba Bay, whofe h^ir vas Arranged in a ver^ (Tn^til^r manner ; it Was taVned up behind, and brought over tftc fordhekd, arrd theti 4pubteii back', fb as to fdrrh a Tori of ^a^e fdr tlie fiJEce, Hke a fmall bonnet. Their btfcklsiccfe are made of (hells, or of a hartl, flii- riifig, red berry. Bcifides which, they Wedr wr^eathsof dried ttoWcts of the Indian mallow; kti^ At^otKcr beau- tiftfl orrnariien't, called Eraie, which iS^erieVsill^ put a- b&trt the neck, but is fonietlmes tied lrk!6 a garland round the hair, and fomerimes worn in botli thefe ways at once. It 16 ft ruff of the tWckriefs of a iinger, m^ac, in a curious manner, of fexeeWirtg fr/xall fcatheri, Wm^urhig cloth ; and the Towtows are princi{>alty engaged lA the ptaiifations uhd fifliing. Their idle hours are Sited 'up Wftb v^rio^s amnfemcnts. Their you'fig fnen and women ^irefoiid of daucidg; send, on; more foteftin' 6)deafioAs> the^ hate boxing and wreftHug matchfes, after the ittanner of the Friendly Iflancfe ; thodgh, 'm all thefe re%>eds^ they are much inferior to tbelafteF.- ' "^^ ■■ . Thdr dances have au mtidk nearer refembfantie to thofeof the New Zealaftderr, than of the Orahei'teaiw or Friendly Wanders.. They are prefaced with a; Ihvf^t folemn fong, in which all the party join, rtioVing their legs, and gently itriking their bread^s, inaiuanner, and with attitudes, that are perfe^lly eafy and graceful; and fo far they ace the fame with the dances^ of the Society Klands. * ■■■■■.' Their muilc is of a ruder kind*, having neither frftles nor reeds, nor in^uments of any other fort, that we faw,. except drums of various fizes.. But their fongS, which they fung in parts^ and accompany with- a gen- tle motion of the arms, in the fame manner dB the Friendly Iflanders, had % v^erf pleaiing dEfe^h . It is very remarkable, that the people of thefe i(!and)» are great gamblers. They have a gamie very mnch lilite our draughts ; buc, if one may judge from the num<^ .htt of fqiiares^ it is^ much more intricate; The board Is about two feet long» and is divided into t#o hun^ deed and thirty-eighi fquates^ of which there are]four-> . ' teen Round T MS Woulo. S7I teen in a row, and ^-:f make u^e of black and ^k'^tt pebbles, which they fnove from f ?Ppe*rcd moft perilpu* and extraordinary, and :yrc^ <|^^ying a dUl'w^Sk relation. The Turf, ^Phich l?reaks on the coaft round thcbaV, exiefldy ^o tl^^iftauec of about one hnndpcd and fiAjr yar^ fxm wp ft9W. within wjiieh fpace, the iiii^es of tbp.^^ jiccumnJj^^fig from the (hillowHefs of tlifc W^Xr ^rc ^c4^g^]ln{^ t\ie beach with prodlgioui viqle^cc, tVhencvw* from ftormy weather, or artV ^^^m^y ^«^eU %% fca, the impctuolity of the fuif Sy6 . Captaik CboK's THlftD Voyao> fs increafed to Its utmbft height, they choofc tt.at lime for their amufcmciit, which is performed in the follow- ing manner : Twenty or thirty of the nativcF, taking each a long narrow board, I'ouhded at the ends, iet out together from the (hore. The firft wave they meet, they plange undcr^ and fuffcr it to roll over them, rife again beyond ir. and mfke the beft of their way, by fwimming, out into the fea. The fccond wave is en- countered in the fame manner with the firft ; the great dignity in fetting the proper foment of diving under -it; which, if miffed, the pcrfon is caught by the fnrf, and driven back sig&in with great violetice ; and all his dexterity is then required to prevent himfeJf from being dajQied againft the rocks. As foon as they have gain- ed, by "thefe repeated efforts, the fm9oth water be^ood the furf, they lay thcmfelves at length on their board, andprfepare for their return. As the furiP cpnfifts of a number of waves, of which every third ii remarked to be alway* much larger than the others, at^d to flow highec on thte ibore, the reft breakii^g ip' the mtcrmer diate fpacc, their firft objeiSt is to p|aec thcmCelye^ on the fummit of the largeft furgc, by which they aie'^^ri- 'V.cu along with amazitig rapidity' towards trie rfiQre. If by jmiitakc they Ihould place thcmfelves <>i^' one of thiofmalicr waves, which brealts befbte they Vieach the land, or'ftiottldinot be able t» keep their plank in a •proper diridftion ,on the top of the fw^ll, they ar'd* left to the furjr of the next, and, to avoid it arc obliged again to dive and regain the place, (IroiiiT whicli they fet'out. Thofe who fucceed in their. objc£^ of re^h- ing the ftictre, have ftill the greateft dauj^er to'eti^dun- tpii f The epaft being guarded by a chain of rocks, witb» ^re and there, a fmall opening between th^m, ^hey ar^ obliged to fteec thdi; boa^rd oijre of tlte/ci or, in cafe of- failure, to quit it, before tliey reach the jrocTcs, and, pljinge under the -w-avc make the beft qt ihcir way back 4fiaink. . This is reckoned very'difgrace- >^^ ' ^ ' . ful, Round thb Wq.illd. 577 fiil, and is often attended with tt]ie lofs of the board, which 1 have often feeii, with great terror, daflicdto pieces, at the very moment thp iflandcr quitted it. The boldnefs and addrcfs, with which wc faw thcin perforin jthcfe difficult and dangerous manoeuvres, was altogCr ther adoniihing, and is fcarcely to be credited. i '■ . ■ ' . - ■ 1 An ac<:ident, of Which I was a near fpeAator, ftiews" at how early a period they are fo far familiarized to the water, as both to lofe all fear of it, and to fet its dan* gers at defiance. A canoe being ovtrfet, in which was a woman with her children, one of them an infant, who, I am convineect, was not more than four years' old, (eemed highly delighted with what had happcn'ed, iwimming about at its eafe, and playing a hundred tricksy till the canoe was put to right again. .1 ' ' . '■/'■■ ' Befides the amufemeiits I hav6 already mentioned^ the young children have one, which was inuch played at«*and (hewed no fmull degree of dexterity. . They ta^ a fhort ftick, with a peg fharpened at both ends, running through one extremity 6i it, and extending abj>ut an inch on each fide;: and throwing up a ball made, of green leaves moulded together, and fccurcd with twine, they catch it on the point of the peg i and immediately throwing it up again from the peg, they curp'the flick round, and thus keep catching it on each point alternately, without mifiing it, for a confiderable time* ' They are not lefs expert at anothier game of the fame nature, tofiing up in the air, and catching, in ^heir turns, a number of thefe balls ; fo that we fre- quently law little children thus keep in nibtionfiveat a lime.. Withthis latter play thti young people likewiic di^^rt themfelvcs at die Frictidly Wands. r- Thc^rtcatrcfcmblancc which prevails in theMbdfe 6f Agriculture and navigation, amongft all the inhabitants 5?8 Captain C9ok's THIRD VoVAOE qf the South Sea iflapds, leaves me very little to a4d on thofc heads.— 'The melt iQurious fpecimeas of their fcu^pturCf Which we faw duriqg our fecond vifit, arc the bowls, in which the Chiefs drink ava. Thcfc arc ufually about eight or ten inches in dian^eter, perfcdly round, and beautifuUjr poUihed. Ttiey arc fupportccl by three, and fonietimes four fmall human figures, in various attitudes, Soipe of them reft on the hands of their fuppprters, e^t^nded over the iiead ; others on the head afid hj^nds ; and (ome on the (hojulder^* The iigdres, I aj?i tpld» ^re accurately proportioped* and neatly fipii^ed, and even theapatpmy pf U^c fl^ii^iiBs, ip fuppprtjn^ if^c weight, wcU cxprcfled, i*heir dpth is pade of tli,e /ame materlaljs, and la the fame mani^e^, asatth&FrieiHlly andSpcjety Ulands* That which is dciijgned to be painted, is of a thick and ftrqijtgtej^ture, fcveral folds being beaten and iucotpo- jrjttetrto^ethcr; after whicli it ;$ ?^t in breadth'* about .two or t^reptcjf^ Yi<^^» ^ *$ painted in a variety of patterns,- with a comprche^Qve and regularity or de^* fign, th^t bejTpeaks infinite taCk^ and fancy. T he ex'c ,^i5lnefs wit,h^ which the moft intrics^tje pattjerns are con<> itinued, is !;^»c ^o^ciHrpriiziftg, when wciconfidcy, that they have np ftamps, and that the whole is donie by the ey^, 'With pieces <^ bamboo cane dipped in paint i the ,handlii)^eij)g fuppprtedhy ^pqthj^r phcc of ta» cane^ m the manner pra^i^fed by pj^r painters* Thei? coloiir|i aire icxir^^ed frofl? the Ijyiii© l?errie^ aod other vcgeta*- .Wcfuhita^^c^^jaU at Oj^^^ , ThfibM^fsp^ p^iniipg belongs inslrely to thewp- jnen, apdi^5:^ire(^j(i|^paree;) and it is remarkable, that they always givj^^j^ff f^^lli««ie jco* owr.Wtitang; The young women would often take the pen put of o^r -h^n^h *^ ft?F ¥n»imnder^ who was a Serjeant in the Ruffian fervice, met with g^eat nopo0ibtilty0f procuring provifions or navaA ftofes fftPetPopauk>w^i*, -and «s the Sei jcftat cqu14 not ft^ in this tfffair, without orders from the RufTiaa Commander of Komtfchatka, who refided at Bolcheretfk» a towfi'Qiir^e Well Side of the Peninfiila, diftant from P b b b^ i > iif aad faftened with a collar of coloured filk. Over ihia Round the Worlp. 5«8 ivjii .a«. !fliisthey wear a fhortjacket without flecves, ma^e of diSerent coloured nankeens, and petticoats of a flight Chinefe filk. Their fliifts which had fleevcs dawn to the wrifts, were alfo of filk ; and coloured filk handker- chiefs were bound round their heads, concealing en- tirely the hair of the married women, while thofc that v/erc unmarried, brought the handkerchief under the hair, and fuffered it to flow loofe behind. This Oftrog, was f»leafantly fituated by the fide of the river ; and confifted of three log-houfes ; three jourts, or houfes ri^ade under ground ; and nineteen balagans, or funnmer habitations. We were condudled to the dwelling of the Toion, who was a plain decent man, born of a Rufllan woman, by a Kampfchadale fa • their. His houfey like all the reft in this country, was divided into two apartments. A lon^ narrow table, with a bench round it, was all the furniture we faw in the outer ; and the houfehold (luff o( the inner, which was ^he kitchen, v^ as no lefs fimple and fcanty. But the kind attention of our hod, ana the hearty welcome we received, more than the compenTated for the poverty of his lodgings. His wife proved an exceUant cook ; and ferved us with fifh and game of different forts, and various kind of heath berries, that had been kept lince the lad year. While we were at dinner in this miferable hut, the ^uefts of the people, with whofe exiftance we had been Icarce acquainted, and at the .extremity of the habita- ble globe, a folitary, half-worn pe'>uer fpoon, whole Ihape was familiar to us, attracted our attention \ and, on examination, we found it (lamped on the back with the word Lond«jn. I cannot pafs over this circumftance an Silence, out of gratitude for the many pleaiam: ^^oii^ht$^ the anxious hopes, and tender remembrancee Captaik Cook's thir.© Voyach It excited in us. Thofe, who- have experienced the tf- ftAs that long abfence a«d extreme diftai^ce from their native country produce on the mind* will readily con^ ccive the pleafur^ fuch- trifling incidents can give. To the philbfopher and the politician they may per htps fUg- geft refledliofiB of a different nature. After the mod? he(])itable treatment, during rile- con'r fc of the day, Mr. ^ing and his party, who were now to proce«d' On fledges, retireduo rei^, having previouHy agreed with their conductors to be called upv agifoon as the ground was hard enough to bear the fledges; At nine in^ the evening, they were awalcedby tlie me- lancholy-howlings of thedogs, which' continued Mf the tiine the baggage wawtalhing' upon the ilei^ftfr; but, as foon as^. the dog«' were yoked, and they wcjfe all pre^ pared to fet out, this chaeg^^ about two^eet^^lligh, which refts on two flat pieces of wood, five or fix inches broad, extending a fo6t at each end beyond the body of tlie fledge. THefe are turned up before in the inan*- ncr of the (kate, and (hod widi the bones' of fdn^^fea'- ainimal. The forepart of rite carriaee is oraaiT^#nt!ed with thongs of leather attd taflHs of tiotoured tflbthr; and from th^ crofv bar, w which the hairnefft iff joined, are hung links of iron, ot fmall bells^ the jingling of which they cbnceive to be encouraging to the dogs, ^h^ are^ feldom^uW- to carry more tJhttn one perfen'at :ed the tf- from ttieir a«liff con* gi-ve. To thtps fiig- th€coatfe ;re now to previoufly Id fledges; y the me- Ued 9h\ the tfri but, as fKe all j^re^ 11? chearfiil ley n^arch- and sihalf a creibenti cthc* with the better id bltie co- ap'dt other ^feetl^igh, )X fix inches d tho ^dy n the fcwQh fdn^^ fea- pnani6tiCed red d^th; ft is" i<$ined, jingfirtg of the dogs. .t' peFfon'ftt k^^ N I> ♦# H E Wo R L I>. J»i ft time, who fits atide^ f eding his feet on the lower pa«f of the (ledge, and carryiDg his provifion» and othcfr ne« ceflftdeB, wrapped up tn a bundle, behind him; The dogS^ are ufually five in number, yoked two aiKt twa with a leader. The rcii» not being faftentid td the head of the doga, but to the eollar« have Kt- tle power over them, and are thcrcfbfe genelrallly hung upon the fledge, whilft ihe driver depends en^ tirely on their obedience to hi» voice for the dife^'i6a of them. With this view^ the leader is always train- ed with a particular degree of' care and atcenti*on; fomc of them rifing to a moft extraordinary value ott account of their docility and- flicadinel ; iufomi^h^ that for one of thefe, I am well aflured, forty rotiblej ^or ten pounds) was no nnufiral price. The driver i* alfo provided with a crooked ftick, whieh anfwers th« purpofc both of whip and rein*; as by ftrikiag it JnCd ;the fnow, he is enaWed to moderate the fpecd of the dogs, or even to ftop them 'mrireiy ; and when they arft iazy, or ptherwifc inattentive to his voice, he chaftifcs them by throwing it at them. Upon thefe oc^eafions, fheir dexterity m picking it ap again is very remarkablr, and forms the principal difficulty of their art. But it is- indeed not furprifmg, that they (hould labour to be ■fltilfol in pra£licc upon which their fafety fo materially depends. For they fay, that if the driver (hould ha^i- peJi to lofc his {tick, the dogs will inftfamly perceive it, and unlcf* their leader be of the moft fober and refelute kind, they will immediately run a-hcad full fpced, and sever ftop till they are quite fpent. But as thstf- will not> be the cafe ibony it generally happens^ that either the carriage is overturned, daflied to pieces agaiiMll the trees^ or they hurry down fome precipice, and arfe all t^uried in the foow. The accounts that were given tis of the %eed of thefe dogs, and of their extraordinary patience of hunger and fatigue, were fcarccly eredif- Jlc, if they had notbeca fupportcd by the beffAtitKo- , xity. flS Captain Cook's THIRD VoYAO* rity» Wt were ourf elves witnefTes of the great expe- dition with which the meffengcr, who had been dif- patched to Bolchcrctfk with the news of our artival, rhurncd to the harbour of St. Peter aad St. Paul, though the fnow was, at this time, exceedingly foft. But I was informed by the coramandt:i of Kamtfchat- ka, that this journey was generally performed in two days and an half; and that he had once received an exprefs from the latter place in 23 hours. # The dogs arc fed, during the winter, on the offals of dried and (linking iiih; but are always deprived ev«n of this miferable food, a day before they fet out on a journey, and never fuffcred Jio eat before they reach the end of it. We were alio told, that it was not unufual for them to continue thus failing two en-- titc days, in which time they would perform a tourney of 1 20 miles. Thefe dogs are in ihape fomewhat like the Pomeranian breed, but coafiderably larger. Travelling parties are often overtaken with dreadful ftorms of ihow, on the approach of which, they drive with the utmoft precipitation, into the neared wood, and there are obliged to ftay, till the tempefl, which frequently lads fix or fcven' days, is over ; the dogs rt- maioingall this while quiet and inoii'enfive; except that, fometimes, when preifed by hunger, they will devouf their reins, and other leathern parts of the harnefs* As we did not choofe to trufl to our own ikill, we had each of us a man to drive and guide the fledge, which, from the ftatc the roads were now in, proved a very laborious talk. For, as the thaw had advanced very confiderably in the vallies, through which our road lay, we wei^e under the neceffity ot keeping along the fides of the hills; and this obliged our guides, who were provided with fnow-ihoes for that purpofe, 19 fupport Round t h e W o r l i^i i«r they [1, we roved lanced fi our (along who le, to >port fiipport the fledges, on the lower fide,, with their &ouldcrs» for feveral miles together. I had a very good humoured Coffack to attend me, who wSts^ hoW'» ever, fo very unlktlful in his bufincfs, that we were 0- vcrturncd almoft every minute, to the great entertain^ mcnt of the reft ot the company. Our party confided in all of ten fledges. That in which Capt. Gore wa» carried, was made of two laflied together, and abuti'^ dantly provided with furs and bear-ikins ; it had ten dogs, yoked four a-breaft ; as had alfo fomc of thofc that were heavy laden with baggage. - "When we had proceeded about four miles, it began to rain ; which, added to the darkncfs of the night, threw us all into confufioa* It was at laft agreed, that we fhould remain, where we were, till day-light ; and accordingly we came to anchor in the fnow, (for I can- npt better exprcfs the Hianncr in which the -fledges were (fecujed), and wrapping ourfclves up in our furs j waited patiently for the morning. About three o'clock we .were called on to fet out, our guides being appre- hcrifiye, that if wc waited longer, we might be AigJh ped by the thaw, and neither be able to proceed, nor to return-.. After encountering many difficulties, Which were principally occafioned by the bad condition of the road, ar two in the afternoon, we got fafe to Oftrog, called Natcheekin, fituated on the fide of a ftreara, which falls in|o the Bolchuireka, a little way below the town. The diftance between Karatchin and Natchee- kin is 3$ wetfts (or 25 miles; and had the hard firoft continued, we fliould not, by their account, have been more than four hours in performing it ; but the the f-w was (q fofr, that the dogs, almoft at every ftep, funk up to their bellies *, and I was indeed much furpcifed at their being at all able to overcome thedif« ficyjues ^jF (9 fatiguing a journey. ■*.'"'""''' ' .-■-... . At Sf9 Captain Cook's thihd Vgtag^ At Natcflieekki we were rcceiTred iii the fafine bofpf** nlde mafmer, as at Karatjchio ; and in tbe afternooa we "weat to vifit a retnarkabie hat ipring, near this Tillage. We faw, at fome diilaiace, the ffeara rifing from it, as from a boiling cauklrou, and as we ap- proadied, perceived tbe air had a ftrong fulpliurous £ndl. The main fpring forms a hafon of abom 3 feet in diameter j beildes which, tliere arc a number of leflcr fprings, cyf the fame degree of heat, in the a^acent ground, fo that the whole fpot, to the extefit of near an acre, wa-s fo hot, that wc couid not ftand two minutes in the fame place. The water flowing ftom tbefe fprings h 60^k£^ed in a finali bathing pond, and afterwards forms a lirtle rivuict ; which, at the diftance of about an hundred and Miy yards, falls inta the river. The bath, they told u«, had wrought great cures in feverai diforders, 'hich as rhcumatifms, fwt^'led and contraftcd joint, and fcorbutic ulcers. In the badiing-place the thermometer at 100 degrees^ or blood heat ; but ia the fpring, after being im- Bieriedtwo minutes, it was ten deg. above boiling fpirits. The thermonieter in the air^ at this t4me, was 34 deg» in the river 40 deg. and in the Toin*8 houie 64 deg^ The ground where thefe fprin^« broke out, is on a gentle afcent ; behind which there is a green hill of a moderate fize. I am forty 1 was not fuAiciently (kilkd in botany to examine the plants, which feemed to thrive here with ereat luxuriance i the wild ^ric, indeed* forced itielfon dur notice, and was at this time fpf'iag- iflg up very vigoroufly. ■ The remainder of the way they pf ocecded in canoes up the river Bokhoireka, and on the 1 2th in the fore- Boori, arrived at Bolcheretfk. They were received at the water-fide, by the Comnnander, in a manner the moft engaging that could be conceived. In company ^ith Major Bchm, was Capt. SchmalcfF, the fecond in commands Round the World. 589 fOfpI"^ noon this rjfing - ^P" urous om 3 imbcr n the :xtcfit ftand owing pondy u the Is inta rought uifmsy rs. In BgrCCSy ng i«i- jfjpirits. deg. is on ft II of ft (kitted thrive ndcedy pfifig- command, and all the merchants of the place* They iconduded us to the Commander*s houfe, where we were received by his lady with great civility, an 1 found tea arid other refrefhments for us. After the firft com- pliments were over, Mr. Webber were dellred to ac- quaint, the Major with the objeft of our journey, with our want of naval llores, flour, and frcfh provifions, and other neccflaries for the (hip's crews, and at the fame time to aifure him, that we were fenfible, from what we had already fecn of the country about Awat- ika Bay, we could not expefl much affidance from him in that quarter ; that the Impoilibility of fending heavy brafs (lores acrofs the peninfula, during the prefent feafon of the year, was but two apparent, frpm the difficulties we had met with on our journey ; and that) long before any material change could take place, we (hould be under the neccffity of proceeding on. our voyage. We were here interrupted by the CoAimander, who obferved, that we did not kno^ what they were capable of doing ; that, at lead, it ^as not his buflnefs to think of the difficulties of (up* plying our wants but only to learn what were the ar- ticles we flood in need of, and the longefl time we could allow him for procuring them. After expreffing our fenfc of his obliging difpoficion, we gave him a lift of the naval ftores, the number of cattle, and the quantity of flour, we were dire exaft regifter of the temperature of the ;iir for one year, and to tranfmit it to Mr. Muller, with ^kom he had the pleafiire of being acquainted. Bol- 55* Captain Cook's third Voyaob Bolcherctik is fituatcd in a low fwampy plain, that extends to the' fea of OIiid they had reafon to conclude that brandy was fearce in the country, and would be very accepta- ble to them, fmce the foldiers on (hore had offered four roubles a bottle for it. We, who knew how much the failors always felr, whenever their allow iince of grog was flopped, which was generally done in warm weather, than they mighc have it in greater proportion in cold, and that this cfftr would deprive thtm of it during the inclement feafon we had ro expect in our next ejcpedf- tion to the North, cov.Ll not Init aclmsre (o (^vtruorJi • nary a facrifice ; and that they might not fuifer by it, Gapt. Gierke, and the reft of the officers, fubflituted in the room of the very fmall quantity the miijor could be prevailed on to accept, the fame quantity of rum. This, with a dozen or two of Cape wine, for Madame Numb. 25 D d d d Behm, 598 Captain Cook's third- Voyage Behm, and fuch other ilttle prefents as were in out power to beftow, were accepted in the moft obliging manner. The next morning the tobacco was divided between the crews of the two fhips, three poimds being allotted to every man that chewed, or fmokcd tobacco, and only one pound to thofe that did not* Major Behm now offered to charge himfelf with any difpatches we might trufl to his care. This was aii opportunity not to be ncglefted ; and accordingly Cap- tain Gierke acquainted him, thit he would take the li- berty of fending by him fome papers, relating to our voyage, to be delivered to our ambaflador at the Ruffian court. Our firft intentions were to fend only a fmall journal of our proceedings ; but afterwards, Captain Clerke being perfuaded that the whole account of our difcoveries might fafely be trufted to a pcrfon who had given fuch ftriking proofs both of his public and pri- vate virtues ; and confidering that we had a hazard- ous part of the voyage ftill to undertake, determined to fend, by him, the whole of the journal of our late Commander, with that part of his own, M'hich com- pleted the period from Capt. Cook's death, till our ar- rival at Kamtfchatka; together with the chart of all our difcoveries. Mr. Bayly and m) felf thought it alfo proper to fend a general account of our proceedings to the board of longitude ; by which precautions, if any misfortune had afterward befallen us, the Admi- ralty would have been in poffcffion of a complete hif- tory of the principal fafts of our voyage. It was alfo determined, that a fniallcr pacquet fliould be fcnt by an cxprcfs from Okot/k, which, the major faid, if he was fortunate enough in his paffage td that port, would reach Peteriburg by Dec. and that he himfelf ftiould be there in Feb. or March* during AGE re in GUI' obliging s divided e politids wed, or : that did with any lis was ail ngly Cap- ke the li- ng to our lie Ruffian !y a fmall i, Captain nt of our 1 who had c and pri- a hazard- fetermintd f our late hich coin- ill our ar- art of all ght it alfo occedings lutions, if he Admi- nlctc hif- was alfo cut by an if he was rt, v\ ould ftiould be during Round the World. 599 During the three following days, the major was en- tertained alternately in the two {hips, in the beft man- ner we were able. On the 25th he took his leave, and was faluted with 13 guns; and the failors, at their own defirc, gave him three cheers. The next morning Mr. Webber and myfelf, attended him a few miles up the Awat/ka river, where we met the Ruffian prieft, his wife and children, who were waiting to take the laft farewel of their oommandcr. It was liard to fay, whether the good priefl: and his family, or ourfclves, were mod afFe^ed on taking our leave- of major Behm. Short as our acquaintance had been, his noble and difinterefted conduft had infpired us with the higheft cfteem for him ; and we could not part with a pcrfon to whom we were under fuch obli- gations, and whom we had little profpe^l of ever fee- ing again, without feeling the moft tender concern. The intrinfic value of the private prefents we received from him, exclufive of the (lores which might be carri- ed to a public account, muft have amounted, according to the current price of articles in that country, to up- wards of 300I. But this generofity, extraordinary as it may appear in itfelf, was exceeded by the delicacy with which all his favours were conferred, and the artful manner in which he endeavoured to prevent our feeling the weight of obligations, which he knew we had no means of requiting. If we go a ftep further, and confider him as fupporting a public charadler, and maintaining the honour of a great Sovereign, we fhall find a flill higher fubjeft of admiration, in the juft and enlarged fentiments by which he was actuated. The fervice in which you are eraployed,^ he would often fay, is for the general advantage of mankind, and there- fore gives you a right, not merely to the offices of hu- manity, but to the privileges of citizens, in whatever CQuntry you may be throwii. I am fure I am aiTcing a-. greeably Cto Captain Cook's third Vovaoe greeably to the wifties of my miftrefs, in a^Fortling you all the relief in my power ; and I cannot forget (either her charafter, or my own honour, fo much, as IQ barter for the performance of ^ duty. At other times, he would tcl! us, that he was partir cularly dcfirous of fctting a good example to the Kamtr fchadales, who, he faid, were but jult cmer^jing from a ftate of barbarifm ; that they looked up to the RuG' fians as their pattern in every thing j and that he had ' hopes they might, in future, look upon it as a duty in- cumbent upon them to affilt ftrangers to the utmdil of their power, and believe, that fuch was the uniyerfal pradlice of civilized nations. To all this muft be added, that, after haying relieved, to the utmoft of his abili- ties, all our prefent diflrtfles, he (hewed himfelf no lefs mindful of our future wants j and as he fuppofcd it more than probable we fliould not difcover the paf- fage we were in fcarch of, and therefore fl^ould return to Kamtfchatka in the fiill of :he year } be madeCapt. Gierke give him a liO: of what cordage and flour we ihould want, and promifed they (hould be fent from Okotik, and wait our arrival. For the fame purpofe, lie gave Capt. Gierke, a paper, enjoining all the fubr je£ls,of theEmprefs, whom we might happen to meet, to give us every aAKlaiicc in their power. On our fir ft arrival, we found the Ruffian hofpltalg which is near the town of St. Peter and St. Paul, in a condition truly deplorable. ^\\ the foldiers were, more or lefs alFcrfted by (he fcurvy, and a great many in the lafl ftage of that diforder. The reft of the FLuflian inhabitants were alfo in the fame condition ; and we particularly remarked, that oijr friend the ferjeant, by fpak-ing ting from the RuG- u he had ' a duty hi- utmoil of uniyerfal be' added, his abili- imfelf no ; fuppofcd r the paf- tild return lade Capt. flour we ent from purpofe, the fubr n to meet/ 1 hofpitalg ?aul, in a ^ere, more any in the He Ruflian and we rjeant, by him) had aySf fome lady. In thi^ this lamentable date, Captain Gletke put them all un- der the care ot ths furgeons, and ordered a fupply of four krout^ and malt for wort, to be furinlhed for tlieir ule. It was aftonifhing to obfcrvc the aheration ill the figures of almoft every perfon we met on our re- turn from Bjlcheretlk ; and I was informed, by our furgeons, that they attributed their fpeedy recovery: principally to the eftedls of thefweet wort. After feveral attempts to clear the Bay of Awalfl (olid piece of ice, rendered fruit- lefs every effort to a nearer approach to the American continent, and joining, as it was fuppofed, to it, they took a laft fare w el to the North Eaft paflage to Old Englanc! ; dj/Lerminnl, hovvevcr, to explore the coaft of Afia, in ordci? to i'uccecd, if pcllible, to the North Weft. But in this attempt they were equally unfuccefsful %, and, on the 22d, the wind kept driving the luofe pie-* ces of ice upon them in TuqIi quantities, that they V{t\% in manifeft dang<'r of being blocked up by thenv In the morning of the 23(^, the cUaj- water, in whicf^ we cQAtmued toftand f; it- .cl, fro, did not exceed a mile and a half, and was ey'-ry inftantlelTening. At length, after uling our utmoft Lndeavours to clear the loofe ice, we were driven to the neccflity of forcing a pafifage to the '-*^'**^^ Round the World. 6oj o tuiks .: ardic rociued »ader is folio v«^ ban the it mests th loud rops its at, and ;r North league? laft fga- irccived, 2d fruit- merican it, they : to Old le coaft North ee fstul |ofe pie-^ sy y(ei:q p whicl^ Id a mile- length, )ofe ifie, |flagQ to the the Southward, which, at half pad feven^ we accom- plilhed, but not without fuhjedling the (hip to fome ve^ ry fevere (hecks. The Difcovery was lefs fuccefsful. For, at eleven, when they had nigh got clear out, (he* became fo entangled by leveral large pieces, that her way was flopped, and immediately dropping bodily to leeward, (he fell, broadfide foremcft, on the edge of a confidcrable body of ice ; and having, at the fame time, an open fea to windward, the furf ciufed her to ftrike violently upon it. This mafs at length either fo far broke, or mored, as to fet them at liberty to make another trial to efcape j but, unfortunately, be- fore the (liip gathered way enough to be under com- mand, (he again fell to leeward on another fragment; and the fwell making it unfafe to lie tt) windward, and finding no chance of getting clear, they pu(hed into a fmall opening, furled their iaiis, and made fafl with ice-hooks. In this dangerous fituation vve faw them at noon, a- bout three iiailes from us, bearing N. W. a fre(h gale from the S. F. driving more ice to the N. W. and in- creafmg the body that lay between us. Our lat. by account, was 69 deg. 8 min. the Jong. 187 deg. and the depth ot water 28 fathoms. To add to the gloomy apprehenfions which began to force themfelves on us, at half pad four in the afternoon, the weather becoming thick and hazy, we lofl: fight of the Difcovery ; but that we might be in a fituation to afford her every af- fiftance in our power, \ve kept (landing on clofe by the edge of the ice. At fix, the wind happily coming round to the North, gave U3 ibme hoptB, tliattiK: kc iniglit c.ift nv/uy iiud rcleafe ker ; and in that cafe, it was uncertain in what coiidition fhe might come c)Ut, We kfept firing a ^uti every half hour, iu order to prevent a reparation. Our apprehenlions 6o4 CAP.tAiN Cook's T MI Ri) VovArift apprehcnfions for her Aifety did "ot ccafe till niiir^ wheu we heard her guns in anlwer to ours; and fooii after, beinpt hailed by her, were informed, that npoil change of the wind the ice bei^ati ro fepuratc ; and that, fctting all their fails^ they forced a palfage thro' it. Wg learned farther, that whilll they were encom- paffed by ir, they found the fliip driit, with the main bod)% to the N. E. at the rate of half a mile an houn We were forry to find,- that the Difcovery had rubbed off a great deal of her iheathing from th« bows, and was become very leaky, from the flrokes (he had re- ceived when (he fell upon the cd^e of the ice. On the i7th, the damages which the Difcovery had received were found to be of fuch a nature as would re- quire ^ weeks to repair, and render it neceifary to retirfc into fome portjfor that purpofc. Thus, finding a farther advance to the Northward j as well as a nearer ap- proach to cither continent, obftru^ted by a fea block- ed up with ice, we Judged it both injurious to the fcr- vice, by endangering the fafety of the fliips, as well as a fruitlefs, with refpc^ to the dcfign of oiir voyage^ to make any further attempts towards a pailage. This, therefore, added to the reprefentation of Capr* Gore, determined Capt. Gierke not to lofe more time in what he concluded to be an unattainable objeft, but to fail for Awatlka Bay, to repair our damages there ; and before the winter (hould fet in, and render all other efforts towards difcovery im- practicable at this time, to explore the coafl of Japan. I will not endeavour to conceal the joy that brighten- ed the countenance of every individual, as foon as Capt. Gierke's rcfolmions were made known. We were a ft Round thb World. 66$ ill viine) ud fooii lat upon Ltc ; and Lge thro' ; encom- the iniiin an hour; d rubbed )W8, and had rt- Were all heartily fick of a navigation full of danger, and in which the ntmoft pcrfevcrancc had not been re- rcpaid with the fmallcft fuccefs. We therefore turned otir faces tow'ards home, after ao abfence of three years, with a delight and faiisfaftion, which, nbtwlth- ftanding the tedious voyage we had ftill to ftiake, and the immenlc diftance wc had to run, were as freely en- tertained, and perhaps as fully enjoyed, as if we had been already in fight of the Land*s-end. >ver) had would rc- y to retirfc I a farther rarer ap- fea block- to the fcr- as well as r voyage^ of Capti more time ; objeft, damages in, and very irn- coall of s brighten- foon as We were wn. J'; B. O O K III. C H A P. X. Return to Kamtfcatka — 'Death of Capt. Gerkc— An account of his fcrvices— Anchor in the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul — Funeral of Capt. Gierke-^ Departure ftom Awatfka Bay — Capt. King fent to Canton — Arrival at (he Cape of Good Hope— At the Orneys i and at the Nore'^-Concluding refle<5lions. VTAVING taken a final leave of the N. E. coafi: of jTl Afia, they arrived, on the 21ft of Aug. 1779, \vithin fight of the coaft of Kamtfchatka. On the 22d, at nine in the nnorning, departed this life Capt. Charles Clerke, in the 38th year of his age. He died of a confumption, which had evidently cornmenccd before E c e e he 6q6 Captain Cook's tHird Voyage he left England, and of which he had lingered during the whole voyage. His very gradual dec^iy had long made him a melancholy ohjedl to his friends ; yet the equanimity \sith which he bore it, the conilant flow of good fpirits, which coniinued tp the lad hour, and a cheaiful refignation to his fate, aiforded them fome Gonfolation. It was imponible not to feel a more than common degree of companion for a perfon, whofe life had been a continued fcene of thole difiBculties and haidlhips, to which a Teaman's occupation is fubjeft, and under which he at lail funk. He was brought up to the navy from his earlieft youih, and had been in fevcral adtions during the war began in 1756, particu- larly i-n that between the Bellona and Courageux, where being Rationed in the pizen-top, he was carried over- board with the mad, but was taken up without having received any hurt. He was midlhipman in the Dol- phin, commanded by Commodore Byron, on h&r firft voyage round the world, and afterwards fervcd on the American (lation. In 1768, he made his fecond voyage round the world, in the Endeavour, as mailer's mate, and by the promotion, which took place during the expedition, he returned a lieutenant. His third voyage round the world was in the Relolution, of which he was appoint- ed the fecond lieutenant ( and foon after his return, in 17/5, he was promoted to the rank of mafter and commander. When the prefent expedition was ordered to be fitted out, he was appointed to the Difcovery, to accompany Capt. Cook, and by the death of the latter, fucceeded, as has been already ipentioned, to the chief ' command. It would be doing his memory extreme injuftice hot to fiiy, that during the.ftiort time the. expedition was ' under his dire^iou, he wai molt zealous and anxious for Round the W o r i, d, 607 for its fucccfs. His health, about the time the princi- pal command devolved upon him, began to recline ve- ry rapidly, and was every way unequal to encounter the rigours of a high Northern climate. Bur the vi - gour and adlivity of his mind had, in no (hape, fufFer- ed by his body ; and though he knew, that by delay- ing his return to a warmer climate, he was giving up the only chance that remained for his recovery, yet, careful and jealous to the laft degree, that a regard to his own fituation (hould never bias his judgment to the prejudice of the fervice, he perfevercd in the fcarch of a paflage, till it was the opinion of every Officer in both fliips, that it was imprafticable, and tliat any fur- ther attempts would not only be fruitlefs, but dangerr ous. On the 24th, the refolution entered the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul, with the cnfign half ftaff up, on account of their carrying the body of their late Captain. The Difcovery followed foon attcr. We had no fooner anchored, than our old friend, the ferjcant, who was flill the Commander of the place, came on board with a prefent of berries, intended for our poor deceafed Captain. He was extremely afFeft • ed when we told him of his death, and (hewed him the coffin th?it contained his body. And as it was Captain Gierke's particular requeft to be buied on (hore, and^ if poifible, in the church of Paratounca, we took the prefent opportunity of explaining this matter to the Serjeant, and confulting with him about the proper fteps to be taken on the occafion. In the courfe of our converfation, which, f©r want oi an interpreter, was carried on but impcrfeftly, \ye learned that ProfelTor de l*Ifle, and feveral Ruffian gentlemen, who died here, had been buried in the ground near the barracks, at \hc Oftrog of St. Peter and St. Paul's j aiid that this ioB Captain Cook's third Voyaob place would be preferable to Faratounca, as the church was to be removed thither the next year. It was there- fore determined, that we fliould wait for the arrival of the Pricft of Paratounca, whom the fcrjcant advifcd us to fend for, as the only pcrfon that covdd fatisfy our inquiries on thi$ fubjc^l. In the morning of the 25th, Captain Gore made out the new commiflioni, in confequence of Captain Cif^rkc's death ; appointing himfcif to the command of the Re- folution, and me to the command of the Difcovery, The fame day we were vifiied by the Pope Romanolf Vcrcfliagen, the worthy Pricll of Paratounca. He ex- pvefFcd his forrovv at the death of Captain Gierke in a manner that did honour to his feelings, and confirmed the account given by the Serjeant rcfpefting the in- tended removal of the church to the harbour •, adding, that the timber was aftually preparing, but leaving the choice of tithcr place entirely to Captain Gore. In the afternoon of the 19th, the laf I offices were paid to Captain Gierke. The officers and men of both fhips walked in proceffion to the grave, whilft the ihips fired minute-guns ; and the feryice being ended, the marines fired three voilies. He was interred under a lice, wh'ch ftauds on a rifing ground, in the valley to the North fide of the harbour, where the hofpiial and (tore-houfes arcfituated^ Captiin Gore having judged this fKuation moft agreeable to the laft wifties of the de* ceafed, for thercafons above-mentioned ;.and thcPrieil of Paratounca having pointed out a fpot for his grave, which, he faixl, would be as near as he could guefs, in ilie center of the new church. This reverend Paftor walked in the proceffion, along with the gentleman who read the fervicc, and all the Ruffians in the garrifon were affcir.blcii, and attended with great refpcft and jblemftity, Round the World. 60^ ler d. »ricft rave, juefs, luftor who Irifon and On the 30th of September, Captain Core went to Piiratounca, to put up in the church there an cfcut- cheon, prepared by Mr. Webber, wich an infcripiion upon it, ftttiup; forth Captain Clcrkc's age and rank, and the objc^l: of the expedition in which lic was en- cased at the time of his dcceafe. A board, with an nifcription upon it to the fame effect, was alfo affixed to the tree under which he was buried. Its here proper to obferve, that from the 24th of Aug. when the (hips firft entered the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul, to the 19th of 051. when they finally cleared Awatflva bay, was employed in the necelfary repairs of both (hips, in the procuring of a proper fupply of pro- vifions and naval (lores, and occahonally, in various amufements on ihore, and the reciprocal exchange of civiUties between the Captains of the two (hips, and the new commander of Bolcherctflc. Before we pro- ceed on the vuyagft it mud be farther noticed that the inftruAions from the Board of Admiralty having left a difcretionary power with the commanding ofhcer of the expedition, in cafe of faiktre in fearch of a paf- fage from the Pacific into the Atlantic Ocean, to return to England, by whatever route he f^iould think beft for the farther improvement of Geography \ Capt. Gore demanded of the principal oHicers their feniiments, in writing, refpc^hich are re- prelented as of a confiderable fize, and independant of the Ruflfian arid Japanefe governments. If fo fortunate as to fiind in thefe any fafe and.comm-idious harbours, it was conceived they might be of importance, either as places of (helter for any future navigators, who may be employed in exploring the feas, or as the means of opening a commercial intercourfe among the neigh- bouring dominions of the two empires. The nextob- je6l was to furvcy the coaft of the Japanele iflands, and afterwards to make the coaft ot China as far to the Northward as polTiblc, and t» rqn alon^ it to Macao. , This place being adopted, Captain King received or- ders from Captain Gore, in cafe of reparation, to pro- ceed to Macao ; and at fix o'clock in the evening of the 9th of October, as before obferved, Having cleared the entrance of Awatlka Bay, they fleered to the. South, along the coaft of Kamtfchatka- On the 1 2th they came in fight of Cape Lopatka, the Southerraoft extremity Kamtfchatka, lying in lat. 51 deg. long. 156 deg. 45 min. At the -fame time, they faw the firft of the Kurile Iflands, called Shoomaika, and, on the 13th, the fecond, named Paramoufir, which is the largcft of the Kuriles under the dominions of the Ruffians. On the 14th and 15th, the wind blowing fteadily and frefhfrom the Weftward, they were obli- ged to ftand to the Southward, and confequently pre-, vented from feeing any more of the Kurile Iflauds, Tliis chain of Iflands, running in a South Weft di^ reftion, from t!u; (outhern promontory of Kamtfchatfka to Japan, extending from lat. 51 deg. to 45 min. is galled the Kuriles, from the inhabitants of the neigh- bourhoqd Round the World. 6ii OE inds that h are re- ndant of Fortunate larbours, :e, either who may means of e neigh- ; next ob- e iflands, na as far mz it to :eived or- , to pro- ing of the eared the le. South, atka, the in lat. 51 ime, they oomafka, F, which 3ns of the 1 blowing /ere obli- :nt]y pre- luds. Wcftdi^ itfchatfka [.5 min. is le neigh- 30urhoq4 bourhood of Lopatka, gave their own name to thefe iflands, on fivft becoming acquainted with them. They are, according to Spanberg, twenty-two in number, without reckoning the very fmall ones. The Nc' ^nern - mofl, called Shoomika, is not more than three leagues from the promontory Lopatka, and its inhabitants arc a mixture of natives and Karatfchadalesi The next to the South, called Paramoufir, is inhabited by the true natives ; their anceftors, according to a tradition among thcni, having come from an ifland a little farther to the South, called Onecutan. Thofe two iflands were fi'ft vifited by the Ruffians in 1713, and at the fame time brought under their domi- nion. The others in order, are at prefent made tribu- tary down to Oofliefheer inclufive, as Mr. King was in- formed by the worthy paftor of Paratounca, who is their millionary, and vifits them once in three years, and fpeaks oi the iflanders in terms of the higheft com- n?endation, reprefenting them as a friendly, hofpitable, generous, humane race of people, and excelling their Kamtfchadale neighbours, not lefs in the formation of their bodies, than in docility and quicknefs of undcr- flanding. Though Oofliefheer is the fouthetnmoft ifland that the Ruffians have yet brought under their domi- nions, yet they trade to Ooroop, which is the eighteenth i and where there is a good harbour for fliips of burthen. Beyond this, to the South, lies Nadeegfda, which was reprefented |>y the Ruffians, as inhabited by a race ut men remarkably hairy, and v. ho^ like thofe of Ooroop, live in a date of entire independence. In the fame direjflion, but inclining fomewha: more to the Weftward, lie a group of iflands, which the Ja- panefe call Jefo, a name ^ hich they alfo give to the whole chain of Iflands between Kamtfchatka and Ja- pan. The fouthernmod, calld Matmai, hath bsen long fubjea > ( . i.; 6i2 Captain Cook's Tiiikt) Voyace 11 ) '' :■ n. h L fubjc(5l to the ]apanefc, and is formed and garrifoned on the fide towards the continent. The two iflands to the N. E. of Matmai, Kunachir, and Zellany, and like- wife the three ftill farther to the N. Ei called the Three Sifters, are perfcdlly independent. From this accoun; of the Kurile illands, it was a great mortification tO our navigators, to find themfelves obliged, on the 24th, to give up all farther thoughts of difcovery to the North of Janpan ; the wind forfome days paft having continued quite unfavourable to their views. Capt. King^ however, has enriched his account of this part of their tranfadlions, with feveral obferva- tions on the errors of former geographers. In coHfequence of this difappointment, Capt. Gore fliaped his courfe Weit South Weft for the North part of Japan. At day-break,, on the 26th, they had the pirafure of feeing high land to the Weftward, which proved to be that ifland ; along the Eaft coaft of which "they run, (experiencing fome unexpefted efftiSls of the currents) till the 2d of November, when the threaten- iiTg appijarances of a fudden and fevere gale made it pru* dent ra leave the (bore, and ftand off to the E'^ward, to prevent being entangled with the land. Nor were wrong in our prognoftications ; for it foon afterwards began, and continued till next day. to blow a heavy gale, accompanied with hazy and rainy weather* . In the morning of the tliird, we found ourfelves, by our reckoning, upwards of fifty leagues from the land, which circumftance, together with the very extraordi- nary efft ft of currents before mentioned, the late fea- (qiy of the year, the unfettled ftate of the weather, and the Httfe hkelihood of any change for the better, rtiade Capt. Gore rcfolvc to leave Japan altogether, and profeeutt our voyage to China j hoping, that as the track arrifoned iilands to and like- he Three it was a lemfclves oughts of , for feme e to their s account I obfcrva- ipt. Gofe forth part y had the rd, which I: of which d. 613 track he meant to purfue had never yet been explored, he fhould be able to make amends by fome new difco- very, for the difappointments we had met with on this coaft. If the reader (hould be of opinion that we quitted this objedl too haitily, in addition to the fac^s already llatcd, it ought to be remarked, that Kaempfcr defcribes the coaft of Japan as the moft dangerous in the whole world; and that it would have been equally dangerous, in cafe of diflrefs, to run into any of their harbours ; where we know, from the beft authorities, that the averfion of the inhabitants to any .intercourfe with ftrangers, has led them to commit the moft attrocious barbarities ; that our fhips were in a leaky condition ; that our fails were worn out, and unable to withftand a gale of wind ; and that the rigging was fo rotten as to require conftant and perpetual repairs. On th? 14th, they difcovercd an ifland, about £vc miles long, lying in lat. 24 dcg. 48 min. long. 141 deg, 12 min. 0:i the iSouth point of this is a high barren hill, whifh evidently prefented a volcanic crater. The earth, rock, or fand (for it was not eafy to dillinguifh of which its furface is compofed) exhibited various co- lours ; and a confiderable part was conjectured to be fulphur, both from its appearance to the eye, and the ftrcny fiilphurous fmell, perceived as they approached n? ;) ^int J iind forae thought they faw fteams rifing from ■ r ic^ of the hill; From thefe circumftances Cipr. o<; f give it the name of Sulphur Ifland. Two other iflands v/erc likcvvife difcovered ; the one to the N. and the other to the S. of Sulphur ifland. Capt. Gore now ftecred his courfc for the Baftiee iflands. Thefe they miffed, and on the 28th, paffcd the ifland of Prata. On the 30th, they ran along the F f f f Lema t» * wm 614 Captain Cook's third~ Voyage Lema ifles, of which they had the fame view as rcpre- fented in a plate of Lord Anfon's voyage. They alfo paded the rock marked R, in Lord Anfon*s plate ; but mftead of hauling up to the Northward of the Grand Ladrone ifland, as was done by the Centurion, they proceeded to leeward, a courfe againft which. Capt. King has cautioned the mariners. Two Chinefc pilots were now taken on board the Re- folution ; and they finally anchored in the Tpya, near the road of Macao, on the 2d of Dec. Here we re- ceived the firil intelligence of the war. Hence, on the nth, Capt. King took palTage, not without many pre- vious difficulties, to Canton, in order to expedite a fupply of nav. ^yrf-.% for the fliips. Although he ar- rived here on tii. ^ ";h, various delays prevented the accomplifhment of this bufmefs till the 26th. On the ayih he left Canton, and took a paffage down the river Tygris to Macao, where he arrived the next day. Befides a handfomc prcfcnt of tea, which Capt. King received from the EnglKh fupercargoes at Canton, he mentions as a valuable acquifition, a large colle<5lion of our periodical publications, which both ferved to amufc their impatience during their tedious voy- age home, and enabled them to return no total Grangers to what had been tranfa£ting in their native country. While the ftiips lay in the Typa, Capt. King was (hewn, in a garden belonging to an Engiilh gentleman at Macao, the rock, under which, as the tradition there goes, the poet Camocns ufed to fit and compofe his Lufiad. It is a lofty arch of one folid ftone, and forms the entrance of a grotto dug out of the rifing ground behind it. The rock is overfliadowed by large fpreading trees, and commands an extenfivc and magniilcent BE s rcpre- hey alfo tci but 2 Grand in, they :h. Capt. I the Re- ya, near e we re- ;, on the nany pre- cpedite a gh he ar- inted the fage down the next ich Gapt. u Canton, colle^lion fervcd to lous voy- no total eir native King was gentleman ion there mpofe his and forms ig ground by large tifivc and agniiicent Round the World. 6i5 magnificent view of the fea, and the intcrfperfed iflands. Capt. Gore, previous to his departure from Macao, put both the (hips in a very refpe£lable ftate of defence, but having received undoubted intelligence, that orders had been iffued b^^ the French court, and alfo by the American Congrefs, to all their commanders, not to mo- hfl: the ihips that fafled under Capt, Cook, he though himfclf bound, in return, to obferve an exa£l tieutrality during the remainder of the voyage. On the 13th of Jan, 1780, Capr, Gore left the Typa, and on the 1 6th, paffed the iiland of Sapata. On the 2oth, they anchored in an harbour on the S. W. end of the ifland Gondore, in order to procure a fupply of wood and provifions. Here it was found advifeablc that a party fliould go in the boat and land. While fomc of the men remained with Capt. Gore, in the boat, Capt. King and an armed party proceeded thro' the woods till they came near two huts. On approach- ing them, they were defcried by two men, who imme« diately ran away, notwithftanding all the peaceable and l^upplicating gefturcs that could be devifed. On reaching the huts, I ordered the party to (lay without, left the light of fo many armed men Qiould terrify the inhabitants,^ whilft. I entered, and reconnoi-* tred alone. I found in one of the huts an elderly man, who was in a great fright, and preparing to make off with the moft valuable of his cffeAs that he could carry. However, I was fortunate enough,, ip a very little time, (b intirely to difpel his fears, that, he came out, and called to the two men who were running, away ta return. The old man and I foon, came a to perfeft un- derftanding. A few figns, particularly that moft figni- §can( of holding out a handful of dollars, and then. pointing^ 6i6 CAPTAiN Cook's third" Voyage pointing to a herd of buffaloes, and the fowls that were running about the huts in great numbers, left him .without any doubts as to the real obje