IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V A (./ ^ >^ /, vA u.. ^ 1.0 1.1 11.25 tSiU2A 12.5 |jo ^^ B^B r 184 !«£ 12.0 2.2 U 11.6 ■ r- A< '9f HE cliff overlooking the Ottawa, nortf] of tl^e Parliarqent Buildings, conqmands a iT|agqiflct'nt view of the Falls cf the Chaudiere, aqd of the Lake above, studded with islets, and of the f]illy couqtry to the northward, v/ith the broad ri/er imiTjediately 'selow ; a water powei wf]ich suggests unlitTjited possibilities, and a territory whici] hides ir^ its bosom untold wealth in rqinerals, only v/aitinu to be wooed iq order to rqake it pour tt^at wealtH] into the lap of tl^e seeker. — Mari/iiis iif /.iinif. CllAI niKKK Kai.i.s. City of Ottawa CAPITAL iti^ oi- THi-; DOMINION OF CANADA I'lHMSHKI) BY THE OTTAWA I'RKK I'RKSS On thb Occasion ok the yxfH Annivkksary of the Papfr Ottawa, Canada. 1869— 1899. -liiiinijuuii 'oui • .-. . ^ l^'P Uo The K«t«» ,% BlYTa-S«*"«* ~.=r~.-^ !> ffbiiBa §tu BttW. ?««««-■? ■Mtamii ■ ~"' MSSCO.. =;£~!BateaCo£teiS!x'»J_;;=:=Sr., --.-Jr. tinimGnlaoftGl l.„t«ed acconli.iK to Act »f farlir,m.,.l of Ca.m.la. in thr l,c-,.a>t.n..,>t of AKrio.Un.e, by C. W. M.tc.ell, ill llif vcar one tlioiisaiKl ciRht luimlred and ninety-nme. ^T-^ rHK CANADIAN CAPITAL AWRI'IM-'R upon tlic rise and j^rowtli of ( )tta\va lias uccntly said that the city may hi- looked on as till- chihl of war and political faction fiKhtinjf. This is scarcely (piite correct. It is true that it may he said the sij^nal for the comnience- nient of the citv was sonnded when the fn st stroke Pitltttuitlf Piluto. Tlio l-unibiT Iiultistrv iil'llii' Ottawa River (at llii' Cliaiulii'ii'l showing Riit\ o!" Si|iiart' C'lit Tiinhcr in l"i»rt'^i\MiiuI. of the tools of Colonel Hy's engineers rang through the air, and to the exigencies of war rather than the arts of peace, is the initiation of the Kideau Canal primarily due. The contests in rarliament, to which reference is made later on, may have been somewhat of a factious nature, but it must not be forgotten that long before they occurred Colonel Hy, Sir John Franklin, Houchette, and Philemon Wright are all said to have anticipated the day when the then nascent city woidd be th,e capital of Canada, and prior to the union efforts had been made to obtain the establishment of the seat of govertnnent here. Later on it is understood that Lord Sydenham had determined that the national capital should be at Hytown, though the accom- plishment of his intention was prevented by his untimely death, and it is obvious that the site of the city is one which seems almost to have been designed by nature for the Capital of the Dominion. It is central, and on a magnificent waterway, and is the key to the great natural commercial route to the Northwest. The construction of the Kideau Canal, and the consequent influ.x of workmen and others, was the cau.se of Hytown sjiringing into existince, and the details of that work may fitly be noted at this point. It was designed to supply an interior line of coniinnnication, the war of 1812 having brought the expo.scd condition of the St. Lawrence fjontier prominently before the Imperial authorities. .\s the provincial administration re- fused to co-o])erate, the Ini])erial (iovernment nndcr- took the work, com- mencing it in 1826. .\s stated already, the .scheme was purely of a military character. The canal is 126 '^ miles in length between ( )ttawa ami Kingston, with a lockage of 446 ' .. feet. T ■ J • I'rom ( )ttawa it ascends '^ — J. ^ • 2S2 '4 feet by 34 locks in 87 miles, to Kideau Lake, then descends 164 feet by 13 locks in the remaining 3814 mile.s, which carries it into Lake Ontario. In order to convey some idea of the j^onderous character of the work, it may be noted that the locks are of splen- did construction and solid masonry, and that there are 24 stone dams, two of which are 24 and 68 feet high respectively. Its original co.st, which aggrc- P.tttm'fty Photo. Kiiloaii C'.iiial Links (Viiiii Wfliinjjlon Slrrcl Hrlilfje. Hiiilt In Coloiu'l By in 1827-34. jjalfd $l,niin- hahited. One Caleb Mellows kei)t a small store and dock ; a tavern was kept by Isaac I-'irtli at the slides, and the bearer of the now historic name, Nicholas Sjiarks, dwelt, as tradition has it, on the site of what is now the princijnil market place, lie was enj^aj^ed by I'hilemon Wrijjht, a pioneer in earlier davs of what is now the * < Li ->k".flMr** II !■ •!' i\ y/ A 1; 1 -t V. I! ,\ U A .11 A W ti't. Cili'Yi' [yi!'h\^;'/A Diii^'iiDA ymm. y^-' Oltawa ill iS<>o lioiu olil I'riiils. ai)pear upon the <;r()iMids west of liarrack Hill, the present site of Parliament Hill, alonjf what is now Wellinjjton .street, and ex- tending to the Flats. The "Civil- ian Hanacks," as they were called at the time, were located in what is now called Kideau street. A sketch of "society " as it existed at the time would i)erhaps be more iuterestinj,^ to the anticpiar- iau than to anyone el.se. It can perhaps be imajjjined ; but while the immediate toilers were tran- sient, their work was not. Mere and there under the hou.ses on the chief business streets there are points which are inii tnxrN : Who, withiiiit licctisr miHAril tarrii-d All kinils s, Nia exer think of Mieh a tiling Ah si|naiiii>: nlT unlsiile the lin^ 'I'hoHe little ilisa^'teeinents, which Make wearers <>t the lonn ruin' rieh. Siieli were the men, ami surh .done, \\hi« <|nairied the vast jiiles of stnTie. Tliiwe niiffhiy, )MinderiiiiH, ont stone liliH-kn, With whii h McKay hnilt np the locks ^rj^millkj^^ it '^^H llou few, alas' are liviiiK still, ^ft^^ ^^^^■'idfeAB '^^H flow few who saw in pride i>ass on ^^St. J^aKmm ^..'-f, ..L^^ J^tfBlH The Sa)>|>ers with their scarlet on. ^^r^m^ -.^^K*^ J(»»«*»*'- 1 ^l^i^^^^^^^^V^ [ ,,.,.111 1,1 »..!. iliHiii lliniiii/li the shade l.iHikiii^' low.mls llie C'haiiilleic Imni lnwer. wliiii lluir work was doito, and (if the uaiiK-s wliidi aiv iciiiiiii- hiied ill the pioiaer ]Kiiud, and for soiiu- years after, hut few eaii he found to-da\. An idea of llie earlv eoiKUlioii of the eonminnity may he jrathered from some lines ^nvinj^f a deseriptioii of tlie villajre of \\\ Town, written hy tlie hite Mr. William i'ittinan Lett, who in the year 1S74 {gathered looethtr some of his reeoUeetions cd" the l)lace and its old iidiahitants. Mr. Lett wrote from personal knowledjje, and thonj,di his oeto- svllahie nieasnres may he rather nijrj^ed, his de.seription may he aeceptcd a.s literally correct. In '2S on I'atiick's day .\l one ]i.ni. there came this way I'^roni Richmond, in thcd.iwn ol spring. lie, who doth now the glories sin),', ( >f ancient Hv Town as 'twas then, A place of hnsy workiiij,' men. Who handled barrows and jiickaxes, Tainpin;,; irons and hroad axes rileir stately tread as on they pass I seem to see them through the shade Of years in warlike pomp arrayed, Marching in splendid order past, Their lin^les nnnin^; on the lilaHl, Their liavonets i-litterinn in the siiii. The vision fades, the dre.im is done. Bird's Eye \'iew— from Tower. \'iew of Ottawa to-.lay from Normal School. 'I'heii referring to the famous Sapjier's liridye, he j^^oes on : The passing wavfarer sees naiiKht lint a stone liriilne h\ lalior wronj;ht ; The poet's retrospective eye Searching the depths of memory, A monnment to Colonel l!y lUholds, endnriiijj; as each pile Which stands tiesios- terity j,nves every man the lionor (hie to him — Tacitns lias said in the Annals, bnt it may he donbted if the present society of ( )ttawa panses even to think of those who preceeded them, nuuh less to honor their memory. There is, as already stated, a street named after Xicholas Sparks, and a ward after Colonel Hy, ami that is all, thoiijjh visitors have a pedestal j)ointed ont to them as that njum which hisstatne is to stand at the end of the ,Sai)per"s Uridj^e, and, in fact, a movement is on foot at the i)reent time to obtain by private sid)scripti'tn the means to pro- secute the work at an early date. In the year 1S52, we leatn from the record of a traveller, the town had j;rown into the upper and lower towns, divided by a considerable s])ace. There were three banks, three insurance olliees, telejrrapli olVice, (n) stores, a jrrammar school, seven lesser schools, and three newspapers. 'I'he town was repre- sented in the legisla- ture. .\t the time of its incorporation in 1S47, the population was returned at 6,cxxj, while the tirst public census in 1S51 ^■ri, Willi Phult: Siippi'is aiul Piilli'iiii Uiiilj^i's. gives 7,t)c)i), Mr. John Scott became the first mayor, and the folK)wiiig com po.sed the first coun- cil : Messrs. John 1!. Lewis, Tlios. Ci>cli- ran, Nicholas Sparks, Xatliaiiiel Shenold Hlaisdell, Henry J. b'riel, John Hedard. In the antuniu of 1S54, the act of incorporation, which called the i)reseut city of ( )ttawa into existence, was pa.s.sed, and Hy Town cea.sed to exist on the WVIliiif^liin Slieot lookini; Wi'sl. Tiifjlry Pltoto. KiUt-aii Canal- looking Sarty and sectional feeling was la.shed into a tumult, and when tlu' Parliament assenibbd for the session of 185.S some \c "fiery proceedings ensuod. The late Hon. Christoi)lier Duiikiu, seconded by the late ,Sir A. A. Doiiou, very promptly luoxed an address to the Crown, asking that the (Jueen recon.sider Her decision, and J,i,i//» Pkiilu l.iHikifif; ilown I he Ou Towi tliat Moiitual, he named as the Capital. The kite lion. (;ei)ij;v Brown, seconded hy Mr. Cliaiiai.^, then moved an aniendniem. thai no ai.lion he taken as to the erec- tion ot huildinj;s for the (iovern- nient at ( )tla\va ; and to this again fnrther amendment was moved hy the late Mr. Iv. V. Tiche, who lived to hecome a.s.si.stant clerk ol the llonse of Commons. This motion was in lanj^naj^e declaring enii)hatically that the city of Ottawa shonld not he the per- manent .seat of Ciovernment. It was carried hy a di\ision of 64 yeas to 50 nays. Mr. Hrown at once rose and a.s.serted that the vote expresseil a want of confi- dence, and moved that the llonse adjonrn. The late Sir John Mac- donald and .Sir (leorge Cartier accepted the challenge, and on another division the amnsing re- sult was that the llonse declared its conlidence in the Government, alheit not approving the choice of ( )llawa, and tlefeatcd Mr. Hrown's motion hy '^>i yeas to 50 nays. The (lovernment, however, was determined to resign, as they held that the Crown had hecn affront- ed, and Sir h'.dmnnd Head, the ( iovenior-Cicneral, having sent for the late lion, (leorge Hrown, this gentleman attempted the ta.sk of forming a ministrx, which is known in hi.story as the Hrown- lH>iion administration. It took oflice on .\ngnst 2nd, 1H58, and. ftdciuuii Pitoio. \Volliiij;toii Slrocl lonkiiijf Kii-I. in a very few honrs, a divi- sion ma!' ^ its constitutional privik-jiv. This vote was almost carried, it slandinj; 5() yeas to (y\ nays only, hnt after certain other attempts to chan.i^v the decision, the orij^inal address was adopted. \'er\ short- ly after these events, i)rei>arations were made for the commencement of the maj,'- nificcnt i)ile of Parliament Hnildin<;s which has won world-wide fame. The Hoii.se of Assembly had already j)rovided Si,i25,cx)0 for the purpose. In May, iS^i), architects were asked to sid)mil desijjn.s. Sixteen were .sent in for the Parliamentary bnildin;.; and seven for the de- partmental bnildin.ns. The desij^n of Messrs. Fuller and Jones for the parliamentar\ bnildin;,^, and of Messrs. Stent and havers for the departmental bnildin}.js, eastern ami western blocks, were accept- ed. Twenty-one tenders for bnildinjj were received. That of Mr. Thomas McC.reevy was accepted for the parliamentary bnildin>; for the bulk sum of S34S,5iK), and Messrs. Jones, Haycock a;i(l Clark received the contract for the de]iariinental l)nildinj.;s at $27iS,.Sio. SubseijUent en(|niry found these amounts inadecpiate, and they had to be lar<;el\' supplemented, in 1S65 the seat of dov- ernment was moved from Quebec to Ottawa, the buildin<4S beinjj sullicicntly ad\anced to admit of a number of oflicts beinj; occupied, and the fir.st session of the Parliament of Canada, held in the new Capital, opened upon the Sth day of June, iS6f). It was durinjij that session that the famous Canadian l-Vderation .scheme was adopted. A dij^ression may be pardoned here if some further refer- ence is made to the buildin<;s themselves. The three blocks are built in the pointed }^othic style of architecture, are extremely picturcsipie, and at the .same time jMcsent a ma.'-sive and imjxisinj; a])i)earance. The outer facinj.^ of the walls is of a local sand.stone, while the dre.ssinj^s are jjrey colored free .stone from ( )hio ; the j^reat (juarries of Potsdam, N.V., were laid under tribute in order to ])ro- cure the stone for relievinjr arches uvvr the doors and windows. The Parliament House (or central block) contains the two chambers and the oHices of the ofhcials. The front facade is 172 feet lonj,^ and three stories hij^h, the basement being entirely above the jj^roiind line. The central tower is some 160 feet hi}.(h, surmounted by a crown and tla<;.staff. On each side t>f the central tower the main stincture extends ri^ht and left. The eastern wing accommodates the .Senate and its officials, and the western the "faithful Comnion.s." The .Speakers of both houses are ])rovided with handsome residences, where they reside durinj^ the vSession and (lis])cnse very lavish hospitality ; and the Serj^eants-at- .\rms of the .Senate and Commons are also a.ssij^ned residentar\ (piarter.s. The Commons cluunber is S2 feet by 45, and the .Senate api)roxi- maUly the .same. Hoth chambers are superbly ornamented, and contain some very fine stained -|H'aii I'oiul lo ilu- lij; il. of tliis splendid huildinj^ was Mr. Tlioina-: ImUIct, tlic {iovfrmnciit arcIiiUi-t. Tlu-' WVsUrii block lias been materially added to since the first con- strnction, the larj^e tower known as the " Mackenzie Tower," and the extension adjoininj^r, havinjj been erected (hirinjj^ the rej^inie of the late lion, .\lex- ander Mackenzie, Mini.stcr of Public Works from 1S73 to 187S, at a cost of #462,247. Recently, as many will well remember, a very serions fire cleared off the entire npi)er storey of ihe oldest part of this block, and it has been reconstructed nnder the supervision of the Hon. J. I. Tarte, the present Minister of Pidilic Works, and a copper roof snb- which is supported by a beautiful flyiuj^ buttress spanninj^ the roof of the " lean-to," and touching the main wall at the point which is calculated to make it better resist the heavy outward thru.st of the vaulted roof. The interior presents to the eye a uiai^Miificent dome of 42 feet, the base of which is an e(|ual distance from the j^round fioor. The interior of the Library, which is now found utierly inadei|uate for the demands u])on it, is decorated with wooden carvings of a most beautiful character, which alone are worth a visit of inspection, and in the centre is a marble statue of the Queen, the work of Mr. Marshall Wood, and busts of the I'rincc and liiipti/iid* P/iclu Si KNKS .\R0I M> I'aKI.IAMI N I llll.l.. Aiu>llu-r \ii'« of l.uM'i- •> Walk. 5. .\I;ukiMi/,io TowiT. I. Loxt'i's \\ .'ilU. 2. C*aflii'r"s MiMuinu'iil. (. \ ii'W Irom U i-si Ivnii.iiui' in l.miTs Walk .stituted for the slates, which formerly covered the block, and which are still seen on the eastern offices. Reference mu.st be made to the magnificent Library of Parliament. It is l)uilt very largely »ipon the lines of .some of those famous chapter houses which are attached to the noble old cathe- drals of which there are .so many in the old laiid.s. The building is circular and 90 feet in diameter, the walls being four feet thick. It is planned in the form of a polygon of 16 sides, each angle of Princess of Wales and other notable public person- ages also find a place at the angles of the alcoves. The books arc dispo.scd in three galleries. In front of some of the alcoves are ])laced shields, bearing the arms of the several provinces, and such frag- ments of the first colors < f the tooth, or Royal Canadian Regiment, as remain, find a resting place in the lower gallery. It is universally conceded that there is no finer .site on the continent than that selected for the public l)iiil.ilii .1, Siissi'X SI.. All lil)isli.>|) •, I alliiili;il. j. Si. Ui iil>;il I'Mliiik SI. |. (Iiiinli <i'|iIi ■,, U llhiml SI. that the actual |iopidatiou if tin city at the present day is fully (S i"'''cs, and the annexation of the ini- port.'int subnrli of llin- t( nbni;; has heen peti- tioned for. The initiation of the ohl .St. Lawiiiiii- and < Ut.iwa KailwaN has al- ickIv been refirp-d to, and .'iltliou).;h for luiny ye.irs that road was worked under conf ellective coliilillinic.itioll with the (iiaiid Trunk Kailway, it c.iniiot be denied lliat ( )tl.iwa owes ,1 ^le.il deal to it. M.irk Tw.'iiu ii.is made merry over il, .iiid there ;ire iii.iiu \et li\ iii;^ who re- iiii iiiber the iiKoiueu- ieiices of a iiij^ht journey Irom Toronto or Moii- tnal wIhii t!ie midni^^ht Iraiishipnunt at Prescott Jiiiu lion had to be made. P.ut this railway was a link ill the chain of pro- j^iess biiiij; so rapiinn |)r)rts iinicli of till- ;,'raiii tralfic thai lias liillicrto ]»assc(l tliat way. Tliis is no niaitir for wondi-r, Ixcansi- a v;Ian<<- at tlic ma]) sliows tliis route to Ik- a natural one, hnt it is ticMitluK s a j^u-at cicdit (o ( Mtawa tliat its inception ami earriane to a sne- eessfnl termination should 1k' \ way of the I'reneh Uixii an^ an eflicient and con- stant service. 'Phis >(i"eat line has re- (•(■•iitly opened an- other branch be- tween the two cities on the .south shore. It has also com in nnications with the main lim- west to all points. A new line, the Ottawa and New \'(irk, also connects the Cajjital with Cornwall, and coiinectin^^ with the Xeu' N'ork system, has opeiuii another link with the Atlantic coast. The I'ontiac and Pacific Junction, the (iatinean Valley Railway, also extend northward, while nnnierons other scheini'S are initiated, sonu' charters haxiiiK been applied for at tiie present session of Parliament of |8<>9. The Ivlectric Railway system of ( )ttawa lias always been famous. It spranj,'^ into e.xisteiue in an I'KHMINI N I I'KlU LSI W I lllllliMKS. Si. ('riMi>;i-\ (.Aii^JM ;iii) MfU ;illi- SI. .'. ,\li I..111I Slii'fl MiMlimlisl. I )iiiiiiiiiiiii .Mi'llicitlisl, Mi'lr;illi- Si. |. Si. .Xmiu'Ws ( I'lrsliN hi 1.111 ( Williiinl.iii Si . Kmix Cliiiirli, IJ^in Si. (1. Ilisl I liiin li. .\1,ii i.i SI. 7. I liiisi I liiiiili I allirilial. ( AiiKli' •in) Spunks St., fiiiil Misliiip s irsiiiiMU r. flank Stircl l*i,-slt\ ti-i i:in. almost |)eifeit (oiiditioii, and has alwajs been looked upon b\ e.\|ieits as a ino,(»)(> feet above the f.ill.s, where there is a strong current flowintr over a rocky bed. The river for loo miles above the city'is a sncccs- 13 Ills WoRsiiir nil: .Mawr and (."itv Coim m.i.ors iS<)<). I. Mis Wiirsliip Mayor I'aynu'ni. j. AUI. Ilavis, L'lialinian Main lltaiiiii^ji' Hoanl. .(. Alil. Jas. navlilMiii, V.liairmaii Hoaiil iil Works. 4. AUI. I-DsUm'. 5. Alil. I'ri|>p. (>. Alil. I'uuraii. 7. Alil. l-'orile. S. AUI. I'laiilliiiT. I). AUI. \\ hill". 10. AUI. Ko^cr. (.'Iiainu.iii W'.iUi \\ orUs Com. 11. AUI. nisjanliiis. 1 -'. .\UI. Lanvf. 1,1. .\UI. Masie\, C'li.-uniiaii I'iif .uul I.ijjiil (.otn. 14. .\UI. Sioll. 1:;. .\UI. llcwU'll. 1(1. .\UI. Masson. 17. .Mil. K. J. IXiviiUoii, Chairniaii K.iiKvay aiul l-ij;lilinif Com. iH. .\UI. Sliiiii. u). .\UI. C'li.im- pagiu-. JO. .Mil. U.ipliaol. Ji. AUI. I'.implH'll. ."2. .\UI. Slairs. _■;. ,\UI. I?iiIUm , (.'liairinan I'lopi'iiy Com. 24. .Mil. Mlai'k, C liaiiiiian Ki'ri'plioii ,iiul Mimiiip.il Com s. .'5. .\UI. .Monis, c hairm.iii i'inaiuo Com. 14 P.thiti IK Ph<,h'. sion of large, die]) lakes, tonuiiij,' a iiiaj^- iiificeut natural re- servoir, frt.ni wliicli the water is deeanted over roeky elmtes and rapids until it ri-'aelies tiie nioutli of llie intake pipe in tile condition of aerated lake water. ( )Mr systems of sew- erajje and water works have excited tlieadi'-iration of the Anurioan Public Health Association, which held its 2Ath Annual Convention here in Sej)teinl)er of 1898. Tlie visitin;^ members of thi asso- ciation were unani- mous in the opinion that the residents of ( )ttawa had every reason to enjoy the best of health. We are protected ajjj.iinst the vicissitudes of sudden and extreme chauj^res of teui])erattne by the Laurcntian Hills, within view on the north of us, and we enjoy comparative immunity from malarial diseases. The residential sections are all well shaded and airy. The healthy condition of the city is exemplified by the mortuay statistics, which for the past years show a death rate avcraf^inj^ onl\' about 14 ])er thousand of the population. Tlio.se who do re{|uirc attention, however, arc by no means nej^lccted. Xmuerous hospitals, charitable institutions of vari- ous kinds, in the form of homes, refuj;[es, asylums, and .so on, attest the devotion of Ottawa peo])le to their duty in this respect, and show what a chari- table si)irit prevails anioiilll SllVl'l loxklllK Kilsl. ///i///>i)///t>// Tliis was a .small \veckl\-, aiuhitiDUS and pretfUtious as circniiistaiici.s allowid, publislird in tlif year 1S3C1 by Mr. Joliuston. In the same- year tlic Hy Town (iazilU- appcartd and rnjnyi.'d a brief cxislencc. In 1S41 a more ambitions atttinpt was made b\' Messrs. Dawson and Kerr, who published the Ottawu . Itirotii/f. Mr. \\'illiain Pitman Lett, who.se intere.stin^^ recollections of I>y Town have already been referred to, was its first editor. In 1S44, Messrs. H. J. I-'riel and R. Bell established a twice-a-week i)aj)er known as the I'inkil. In i(S5i this journal enierj.!^ed from its chry.salis condition and became the Ci/iziii, under which title it appears to-day, after varyinjj; vicissi- tudes, and is the cliief orj^an of the (Conservative party at Ottawa. The /•hriiiiii; /onr- luxl was established in 1SS5 by Mr. A. S. Woodbnrn, and is now the projierty of a company. l.c Tciiifts is a daily eveninj^ paper jmb- iished in I'rench,and was established in 1894. The Trihuiu is a weekly miscel- laneous re\iew, and (' II it I'd Ciiiindn a weekly )ia])er devot- ed to the interests of Irish Roman Catlio- licisni, politically as well as ecclesiasti- cally. The Frcr /'rcss was established in December. 1869, by Mr. Charles W. Mitchell and Mr. W. Carrier, and its history has been one of continued advance, and it has in the course of its exi.stence had upon its establi.-ihment some of the foremost jonrnalists in Canada. While its literary standing; lias always been of the hij^hcst, the ability and enterprise exhibited in its business administra- tion has mainly contributed to its attaininjr the important position it occupies as an advertising PHUlwtiij Plwln. Kljfiii Siivi I'r.'i- I'r. medium and commercial record. It has kc]it fully ahead of the times, .md hel])ed to make the city of Ottawa what it is to-day. At times it has in the eyes of m.\n\ been too enterjirisin;;, and su])ported .schemes which did not meet with general a])proval on account of their appearing too and)itious. Hut the management of the /-/vv /'/rss has alwavs had faith in Ottawa, and foreseen that the city is des- tined to become the Capital of the Dt minion in .something moie than a jiolitical sense. The tre- mendous and jihenomenal expansion, described in the course of tliese pages, ])roves that the faith of the /vw /'nss in tlie future was more than justi- fied, and that its contention that the spirit of By Town must be cast aside and cnterpri.sc and ]>rogre.ss be the watchword, was well founded. The /-'nr /'nss, although Reform in political color, has never been a slavish supporter, and has dealt with matters ui)on their merits, and not even patron- age, such as it has received, has pre- vented it freely ex- ])ressing its opinions on matters 'concern- ing the ])ul)lic weal. That this line has met witl: ihc a])pro- val of the i)ublic has been demon.stratcd by the fact that al- though the city and county are very Con- obtained a position .sm, and gained the Miiililin^ in I hi" I'oivjfioiMid. servati\e, the /vw /'nss I in the front rank of jonri. confidence of the people and a very extended circu- lation. The /-'nf /'rrss was formerly a inorning and evening paper, but following the modern trend that is now in favor of evening journalism it be- came an evening edition only. The /'nr /'rrss pa.s.sed into the hands of Mr. Mitchell in 1871, and he has since been the sole proprietor. I.CK'AI. rMiISTKIKS. Oiil.sidc (if till.' luaiiv oxtciisivc iiidiistrii'S estab- lished here, wliirli arc dealt witli on another paj^e, we have (iiiiV a niindier of comparatively yonnj; This review of the rise and pro)j;ress of Ottawa has necessarily hcen compressed. A \ery j^Meat deal more nujjht be said, but what has been said is sufficient to show that the Capital has no reason to be ashamed of its development. In less than So years she ha,= risen from a wilderness to a city of the fust inaj^nilnt'e in the Dominion, rankinj; fourth in ])oi)nlation, and as has been said, fast attainiu}^ re])ntation for a j^reat commercial cen- tre. .She has been sneered ;it by a j^reat writer as "a backwoods lumber villa^a-, transformed into a ]iolilical cock])it," and, in the earlier years of Confederation, ])erhaps the lannl was not wilh- ,.iil justification, but the natural conditions were in her favor. At fust, botli socially and materi- ally, owinjr to an artificial and enforced .state of affairs, till' condition of Ottawa was necessarily ])ecnliar. When the city was incorjioratcd it adopted as its motto the words " .\dvance Ottawa." It has to lie confessed that she has done .so. The dormant life which she has always ])ossessed has broken from its contnics and :dic lias ri.sen, a.ssertinij^ all the powers and priviletjjes which have placed her in the jiosition she occn- um^nM phoio. pies to-day, and it is not presumptuous to say that, },Meat as her a:\u\v tliin)^ may he said in respect to the manufacture of water wheels. The Chaudiere Machine and I'omidry Co., apart from supplyinj.; the wheels in iise here, arc I'UllMIMSl li\NK SiKIII l!MI,lllMi>. I. I'l. II. I\iij;i'is. J. M. II. .MiA'fily > UiiikliiiK. ,!• Tlu' C'lusliN -C'.irniiluMs e\>in|)iiii\ . 4. IvhIumI Mi 5. Hank SlreiM C'liainl)i'r>.. (>. Tlu- Sim l.ilV' Hiiililiii>;. 7. Tlu- l"iilim>iir llolil. S. Mil'ailaiu' Hii>s., Iron l-"oiiiulr\ ami HiiViU' l'.ulor>. Alli'i entire trade. Their works arc extensive, and since their establishment, a number of years back, prac- tically no saws whatever of this description have been imported, whereas (piite a c()nsidcral)le Inisi- fteardon Photo. IiUorlor Russell Thealro. constantly lillinj; outside orders, some of which come from remote districts. Of manufactories, one of the most iuirortant is the furniture manufactory of Messrs. Harris iS; Cauii)bell. '1 his establishment is very complete, and is j,rrowin<^ to lar^'c propor- tions, snpplyinjj by far the larj^cr portion of the trade of the city and adjacent country. The l^clipse Office Furniture Company is another manufactory of considerable majrnitude. Its operations extend to every city of importance in Canada, and it ranks in consequence with the majority of Canadian manufactories. In the ( )ttawa Car Company we pos.scss the foremo.st establi.shment of its kind in the entire Dominion. It has lonjj^ cea.sed to be a necessity to purchase street cars from the other side, tho.se manufactured here being, if anythinjj, superior in many respects to any others. Another large manu- factory worthy of mention is the glass and paint factory of \Vm. Howe on Rideau Street. The business of this concern is not confined to the city alone, large shipments are made to different points both in the Province of Quebec and Ontario, lyumber being so ])revalent in Ottawa, we have as a result a nmnber of extensive sash and door i8 TuoMiNKNl l'li\ li\M>s. I. Mols.iii-. li.iiik. .". *.>Mlari>' Hank. ,;. Oiu-lici- Hank. 4. Hank iirMniilri'al. s- Haiu|iie Naliunalr (1. MiTiliants Hank xt Canaila. 7. Hank nC Hiilisli N'mlli Anu'ilt a. S. Hani|iii' jaiipu'-. I arllrr. ttawa .Street Railway is re- l)resented by the ,Secrctary-Trea- Mirer, J. D. P'raser, and J. V,. llntchisoii, the superiiitiiideiil. The company has always done its utmost, irrespective of the inconveniences it has had to free, to ])rovide, for the heiiefit of llie pnl)lic, resorts of aiiiusenienls, i)arks to wit : Rockliffe and \'ictoria, and proper connections with other di.stant points such as sporting "grounds, ^ec. The Central Canada P'air, which is hehl yearly at their magnificent A filUU !• iM l.lH.M. INDISLRICS. I. I'vko s Shiil aiul Collai' I'aitorv .iiul Steam l.in hotel accom- modation is exceptionally j^ood, and every other necessary convenience in the way of ])nl)lic halls and larj^e open scinarcs f(»r camping pnrposes, is to he fonnd at ( )llawa. lltll.HINd STATISTK'S. One of the best si^iis hy which tlie prosi»erity of Ottawa may he jiidj^ed is the Iniiidiii).; activitv to he seen on all siiles. In iSi/) the total vahie of Imildin ;s erected a););re>;ate7, to Sf)(K),(w«i, whereas last gear's li^nres totaled ii]i to Sfiso.tMMi, Tliis Ncar's lij^Mires, so far, show that hnildin^ is as hrisk as ever, and warrant the assumption that the total value will he an increase over last year. rill'. .WIlKIl AN HANK Mirr. in\||'AN\'S new l)iii!dinj4 on \Vellin>.;toii Street is another of the recent additions to ( Ittawa's architectural ein- hcllishmeiits, and represents a new addition to the already mimeroiis pirmaneiil institutions which yo ik tri^ .\ limn I' oi I'ko.mi.nk.m Hrii.i)iNi;s. V I. J. .\. Si-yl)oUI & l."ii.. Sparks Si. j. Coiilial C'h.imlH-is, Kl^fiii Slivot. ,^. CiuiiUy Court Mouse, D;ily Avomii-. 4. Prolfsliml Cn'niT.il Hospital, KieU'au Si. 5. .Ait .iiiil I'isluTics Huililinjf, O'Coiuior Si. (>. Drill Mall, t'arlii'r Square. 7. Water Street llospilal ik.C'.l. H. Rell Telephone Muililiiij;, ^ueeii St. i). •' Kree Press " Huililiii<, Kljfiii .St. 10. Supreme Court of C'.iiiaila, Hank Street. II. N'.M.C'.A. niiililiiij,'^, l">'C"onnor Si. i i. Kiileaii C'liib, \\'elliii).fton St. 13. Central I'ire Hall, .Alln-rl St. 14. Cn'olojfie.il Museum, Sussex St. 15. City H.ill, Klifiii St. i(>. County Ci.iol, N'ieliolas St. 17. The Trust Huiklinj;, Sparks St. iS. St. Lukes llospilal, Kljfiu St. 19. City I'ost OtViee. Corner Sparks and Welling-ton Sts. 20. Y.W.C.A., Metealle St. at to make up llii.' coiniiifr- cial stability of our city. The ])uil(linjj itself is worthy of ineiition, iiias- iiiuch as it ])osscsses the distinct feature of heiiij; absolutely fire procf. The estahlishnieiit of this con- cern at Ottawa — a cosnio- |)olitan institution, in the true sense of the word — doinjj business thronj^hont the world — is jjrcatly to our advanta<;e. It has been the means of divert- in}^ toCanada considerable Canadian business which had heretofore beet, done as the labor eniph mav well consider them the corner of O'Connor and Queen Streets. This buildinj4, which was live stories hi).,^h when com- pleted, has had another story addt,.' •<> it recently to afford l)etter accommodation for the continual increa.se of business. ( )f our retail estab- lishments, the bnild- lUi; erected by the C. Ross Co., Ltd., across tl'.' line, and lo, -il is entireh Canadian, we one of U.S." The .siipplyiu}^ of our own national bank note currency, with which it is a.ssumed we are all more or less familiar, as well as the Canadian postaj^e and inlmd revenue .stamps, is at present, and has been since 1^97, the work of this company. J. M. ; on l>rili-,li .\inorii-:iii li.ink Null' Co. TiiK Nicw Si.N Life Biilui.vu, Cor. Bank and Sparksi St '3ets. 32 which occupies a pr om i nent site on Sparks Street, is one of the larj^cst and most attrac'ne buildin},^s in the province. As departmental stores, this establish- ment and our other well-known departmental .store of BkVSON, C.KAII.VM ^: Co., both rank with the lar>;est in Canada. The latest architectural a- dornnient to our city is the hand.some .structure of the Sin Lii'I'; A.ssiu.wer; Co. at the corner of Sparks and Hank vStreet.s. This building is jiositixely fire-])roof, and would, nncinestionably, be a distinct 'ain to any city. There can be no better arj;ument ad- \anced, in si)cakin^ of the future of Ottawa, than the polic\- which has actuated this company in crectiuj^ such a monument, bespeakiu.i^ the value they entertain of the jneseut commercial stability of our city, and their confidence in the continual advancement of Ottawa in the future. There is every reason to beliexe that in the near future this exani])le will be ft)lloW'.'d by other lar<^e companies, whose exteusi\e business deal- injrs in Ottawa and the sur- roundiiif^district would warrant a similar mark of confidence. OTTAW.WS SrMMl';R klvSOKTS AND NOTED rLKASlKl-: TRIPS. Thoiijjh Ottawa is specialh- noted for ihv hunt- inj^ and fishing resorts of tlie (iatineau Valley and Alj^onquin Park districts, there are also many local snninier resorts jiossessing the nsnal attractions and of snfficient consetinence to render them extremely popnlar with ontsiders as well as with onr own residents. It is not necessar\ to go farther than L,imf)ifl.l Ph,lo. llllU'l X'illOlia .Vvlllll'l. the vicinity of KocklifTe Park to obtain the ex- hilarating air necessary to make the warm sea- son a sonrce of pkasnre rather than a hunkii to existence, and as a consecpience a nnnil)er of pretty cottages sitnated in the immediate vicin- ity of the Park are occnpied (hiring the snnnncr. With the connter attractions at \'ictoria Park, which is also reached in 15 minutes by the tramway, in the form of light opera, those wlu) are unable to absent thems-lves from the city are afforded constant enjoyme.'.t and change of air. This \ear particularly the attractions at Victoria Park have been unusually good. Popular ])rices jjrevail, the accommodation is perfect, and as a con.sequeuce the auditorium is taxed to its utmost e\ery evening, j)atrous in- cluding the be.st people of the city. Those, however, who wish to combine with an agree- able outing, the pleasure of being in the country l)y the water, miles away from e\ery .semblance of the citv, only ha\e to go to .\ylmer. This is onr most popular summer resort, and is reached within half an hour from leaving vSparks street. 'I'hc city cars connect at Hull with the Hull Mlectric Railway, wliicli in its turn provides a constant 15 minute .service to and from Aylmer. The line is a double tracked one, was commenced in 1S96 and completed in the .same year. It is conceded to be the finest suburban electric railway in America. The road bed is laid with macadam from one end to the other, making it exceptionally strong and even and absolutely dustlcss. The company operates in all 22 cars, lO of which are open and six clo.sed. The former accommodate 75 pa.ssen- gers and the latter sixty. They are all of unusual length, large, conunodiotis anil speedy ; the open cars running 24 miles to the hour and the clo.sed cars 35 miles. The distance in all covered on the tri]) is i) miles to Aylmer i)roper, where the Hotel N'ictoria is located, or 1 i miles to (Jueen's Park. The power is taken from the De.schenes P'alls, sitiuited 6 miles up the ( )ttawa River from Ottawa. .\ notable feature of this line, a fact which reflects the highest credit on the management of the road, is that never since the first day that the line has been in operation, has the .safetv of the l)a.s.sengers been jeojiardized. The tri]) itself, for which 10 cents is charged, is a most pleasant one. Some of the j)rettie.st views obtainable of ( )ttawa are .seen from the car as it leaves the city of Hidl. The track rmis close to the river almost the wlude distance till it turns, after leaving the car shed.s — from which point an ex- cellent view is obtained of the power house and De.schenes I-'alls— in the direction of the I.auren- tian Mountains. Lake De.schenes cones into view alnuttt at once, and the outskirts of .\ylmer are entered. The principal .streets of this quaint town, which are flanked by handsome residences embowered in shaded avenues, are pa.s.sed through before we reach the Hotel Victoria. Mathing, K(trf/urt Photo*. Summer Sionos at Aylmer. 33 Pill.miit Ph.lo (.'<'iin|iiii^ nil llii' (i.'iliiii Mil iii;ir Il|l;uv.i. Iioatiiijj;, yacliliiij,s lawn t<.iiiiis, }4 S I'AKK Avi.MI-.K. I'.iiU. V \icw nl Dfsclii-iic Cars Hull i:i.-itii. Uailw.iv. are ciiriiid b)' the compan\ durinj; a summer .se;i.son, and as many as I2,(xj() have visited it in the course of one day alone. The many attractions to bi' found lure are .1 .source of •^rt.n\. amu.semeut to everyone. I-'oreniost in poi)idarit\ is the " Chute," which, it will be seen by the illu.stratioii, is a \erv foimidablc affair. The intense excitenunt iu"shootinj; the chute" is bejond description, and must be experienced to be properly realized. l').\cur- sions to Chats I'alls, 25 miles u]) the river, are run by the same compaiu Iwici' a week, Mon- days and Saturdays. Thi' scenery is supi'rb all alonjr the route, but ])articularly at the Falls, and the trip is altoj^etlicr a most enjoy- able out'. There are a number of other suiu- nier resorts surrounding ( )tlawa, and conveniently reached either by boat or railwa\. Hritaunia is a prett\ sjjot at foot of Lake Descheues, not far from < )ltawa, and reached by the Canadian Pacilic Rail- way. There are a uuud)er o f p r e 1 1 y summer cot- tages there, such as are seen between the Hotel N'ictoria at Aylnier and yuceu'sPark and more are l)einjj; l)uilt e\ery year. Hoj^s Mack is a resort much fre(iuented, and counted as one of the many pictur- es(|Ue s])ots on the Ri- deau River. .\mouj,'.st the other resorts o f ]) r o m i - nence, we ha\e Descheues, Chelsea, Kinj^snuMc, the Ca.scades, Hesserer's ( Irove, etc., all delijjjhtful spots and within easy access from the city. I.aki' ,\yliiii'r in llic Disl.im'c. 5, Aiinllu'i \'ii'W 11(1111 I'iii. ■ ',. ' li JSSSSsSHKOiMt Sli. I':iii|)rfss O. U. .\. Ci). M 24 ■nil. OTTAWA KIVl'.K \A\ KiA'I'KtN CO. 'I'lii- daily stiA iii- Iroiii ( )ttii\va to MoiUival on till' stfaim-is of till' ( )llawa Ri\fr Xavij^alion Com- pany afforils oni- of tlic most dclij^litftil trips iniajijin- v(\ sportinj^r country of tin- Lanrcntian Hills. I'ass- I'U^His arc luTf transported to Carillon in twtiitv ininntes Ijy the coni])any"s Carillon and (irtnvilk- Railway. The trip Iroin tlu-rc- on to Montreal is made without chanj^H- throuj^h lakes and locks, in '""^fSm tint a mtt.ua mnfimn Sir. \'iil<)ii,i O. K. .\. (.1). C'lul) i liiiisc |)t'it:int able, 'rill- palace Sir. lunprcss leaves ( Htawa daily and runs to ( Iren- ville, jjassiui; many al- tracti\'e points, some of which conlaiii more than a pa.ssino interest. Thi' \ ilia<.;es of I'a])incau\ille and Montihclio an- a.s- sociated with one of the most inlc-rcstin^ epochs of Canadian history. .\s the home of the j^rcal I'apincau, the district offers many attractions, and is much fre(picntc{l hy tourists. The old Chateau .Mouteliello forms one of its priucij)al attractions, and is well worth a visit. The fam- ous Caledonia Spriiii^s are reached 1)y this rouli.', counet-tion htin;^ made at the town of I/( )ri}.^iial. .\t Cireuville connection is madt' with the nuowu- \ ii:ws oi- Ki)i Ki nil-: .x.sn \'n iokia I'auks. 4, (>, 7. SiiMi's .il Koi'Ulill'i' l';iik. ;. Iiili'i iiir Aiiilitnriiiiii, \'iiloii;i I'.uU 5. Tlic .Appiii.icli 111 \'iiloTi.i Park. ^•NM^^^'^ln 1 ^•^•^iJjV ■J I i-ff^Wf^* ^'. Two Views of Club House -OUawa Rowinif Club. as the midst of a constant cliaiigf of niaj^iiificciit scenery. At Conio and Oka (wlicre the Tripj)ist monastery is sitiiati-d), the scenery is particnhirly grand, and well worth a special visit. Tlie shoot- ing of the Kachine Rapids forms a very interesting and e.vciting experience, a fit termination to a most enjoyable and interesting trip. The Str. \'icturia makes a daily trip from Ottaw.i to Thnrso, con- necting with the Str. lvmi)ress at dilTerent points on the latter's retnrn to Ottawa hoin Grenville. Hoth these .steamers are al.so n.sed for moonlight and other excnrsions of freqnent oc- cmrence during the sinnmer sea.son. The company also carries consider- able freight between Ottawa and Montreal and intermediate The other .steam- ers of this line, which are utiliz- ed for various purposes, consist of the "Princess," " Maude," and "Duchess of York." Mr. R. \V. Shep]ierd,the Managing Direc- tor, has l)een iden- tified with the company for up- wards of 1 7 years. THROlC.ll TIIK KlIUCAf LANAI. TO KINCi.STOX VIA RIUKAl" klVKK AND I.AKKS. .■\nother trip which is de- servedly attracting a good deal of attention is the one mailiii Railwav nected with different points along the route which tend to add zest to the general interest and j)leasnre of the trip. (Jnaint towns and villages come into view at alnio.st every turn, adding to tlie beautv of the scenery. Many of these are well known sum- mer resorts, where good fishing and shooting can be had during the seasons. Connection is made at Kingston with the magnificent steamers which run to the Thou.sand Islands, one of the most frequented of Canadian resorts. Capt. \oonan, of the "James Swift," is an experienced luuigator, extremely popu- lar with everybody, wlio.se genial ways and courteous treatment of passengers adds much to the i)leasure of the trip. 'nii; OTTAWA KOKWAUDI.NC, Co., LIMlTi;!). This company operates a fleet of six steamers between Ottawa and Montreal, through the Ri- deau Canal, mak- ing the run in 24 hours. Their l)riiicipal busi- ness is shipping, which they carry on extensively for seven months of the year. Their consignments are made up principally of grain and luuil)er, of which they carr\' arge shiimieiits to Montreal, transferring their cargoes at the latter place direct to the ocean steamers in the harbor, thus a\'oiding the expense and loss of lime that would be otherwise occasioned. The coiiii)any has been engaged in operations since 1S91, the constant increasing (jf their business iicce.ssitatiug aliiu)st yearly additions to their fleet. This route is one which will be- come still more r the storage of goods at the compain "s wharfs is of the \ery best and prac- tically unlimiled. The president of the cjinpany is K. A. Hall, of Ottawa, and the .secretary-trea.surer J. H. Hall: the latter acting also as general manager. ««orrfoii Fhatot. Shipping Sccncs, Ottawa Forwarding Cos Wharfs, on tl\e RiUeati Canal— at Ottawa. Str. Welshman. Str. Jaini's Swift. a6 S.|, Ci niul e\- or lui the we \e ser ca IIK PROMIXHXT LOCAL INI)USTRir:s. AI/rH( )r( '. 1 1 iIk- uiiikiii-i of ( )tta\va the Cai)ital of tin- Doiuiiiioii ill iS6o, (lid uuicli towards advaiiciii},^ it to its present flourisliiiijj con- dition, iievertlieless the f(jnndation on wliich it rests to-day was hiid at a iiuicli earlier date. Nature, with that purpose in view which has marked her iiaiid throiij^dioiit the universe, outlined its destiny by a firm and indisputable birthri>,dit, leaving; it to time to work out a future, the possibilities of which would reach even beyond the conception of man. Chaudiere. Prior to this year the lumber industry in Canada was practically un(leveloi)ed, and outside of a few small local linnber dealers or wood cutters, nothiiij^ was being done in tiie ( )ttawa \'alley. In the Adirondacks, on the .\merican side, at this time were located a number of lumber manufac- turers, among others the late H. I'". Hronson. (ilowing accounts were brought to him and others of the Chaudiere, with the thousands of scpiare miles of virgin forests in its immediate vicinity. This began as early as 1^47, and in 1.S49 Mr. SCKNKS OF THE Ll MBKR iNmslia. I. Kiili'Hii Uriil^foi (Siissi'x Si. I 2. LuiiihiT Piles .'It till" Cli.iudiiTO, 3 miles loii)^. 3. Coiirov s Mills at Deselienes. 4. Sliipiiieiil o( Si|iiare Cm Timber by Kail 011 C. .\. Ky. 5. I'liliiuiiir it Hiijfhson's Mills on llie Ciiitiiieaii. (>. Cliaiulit-ie Hridj^es. 7. liiill l.mnber Cos .Mills al the Cliaiulieie. S. \'ie\v orCiiltnoiir & Hufflison's .Mills from .Nepe.iii I'oitit. c). l.mnbi'r on the Ciatineaii River at Ciilmoiir «nil lliijflisi)iis .Mills, ri). W'm. .Mason & Sons' Mills, on the Ottawa River, .ibove C. 1'. R. Hridjfe. .Apart from the utility of the Falls, which is .so .self evident, what more magnificent sight, what grander or more imposing scene has ever been unfolded to human eye. In our beautiful Chaudiere I-'alls, and the many others situated in the surrounding vicinity, we ])o.s.se.ss the nucleus which in its continuous de- velopment will as time advances become of more service to Ottawa than were she twelve times a capital. It was in KS53 that the iir.st move was made towards utilizing the water power of the Hronson paid the country a visit to verify the state- ments which had been made. .As a result of this he sold out his business, and in 1^53 established on the banks of the Ottawa, at the Chaudiere, the first .saw mill to cut tinil)er for export to the ruited States. The following year, 1854, the reciprocity treaty in lumber made between the I'liited States and Canada had the efTect of bringing over a num- ber of .Xmericans who made their homes with us, and became naturalized Canadian citizen.s. The 27 most notable of these art- still liviiij^, and contml to-day immense business inttiests, \vlicit.'as those who have passed away have either left a prosperons business to perpetuate their nanus or extensive fortunes. Among the livinjj, we have our Mr. J. R. Hooth, known both in the United .States and Canada as the owner of the larj^e.st lumber mill in the world, besides several railroads all in a flourishing; condi- tion. Mr. K. H. ICddy was also a ])ioneer, and the first to succeed in the attempt to utilize the Ottawa \'ie\v IVoiii Suspension Bridjfi" (Chiniilii'io I'';ills). Tinilu-r Slidi" al tlu' Chaiulifio. Kalt ot Tinilu-r on llu' Oll.iw.i. River on the Quebec side, diver»;inf>; the natural course of the river for his own special benefit. Of the other jnominent men who helped to develop the hnnber manufacturing^ industry at Ottawa may be mentioned Geo. H. I'attce, the late Captain Vonn}^, the late \V. G. Perlcy, the late A. H. Haldwin, the late John Rochester, the late Hon. James Skead, and the late John J. Harris, all names well known to residents of Ottawa and forenm.st in the history of the commercial growth of the city. A number of large lumber concerns located in the district, such as the St. Anthony Lumber Co. at Whitney, have offices at Ottawa. The firms engaged in the scpiare timber industry are Messrs. Krascr (S: Co., .Alexander Fra- ser, Wm.Mackey and 1\. Moore X: Co. The Fra.sers have been opera- ting since 1H54, they control most of the pine limits left to-day on the Ottawa River, which they arc nursing with great care for the good of the in- dustry. This film is also en- gaged in the m a n n f ac t ure of lumber. We follow with a brief description of a few of the ])ro- minent industries e.•^tal)lished in Ottawa for the purpose of showing the extensivencss of their operations, and the nature of the business in which they are engaged. J. R. HooTii, I.I'.M1!I:K MANll'ACTtKKK. The name of J. R. Booth is so clo.sely identified with the advancement of the Capital to its present state of prosperity, that it is iinpo.ssible to comment on the one without an intimate dealing with the other In the linnbcr industry, the result of this man operations from the early pioneer days is the distinction of owning to-day the largest saw mill in America. He employs, on an average, 4,000 men throughout tlie entire year, of which 2,500 are en- gaged on his timber limits and 1,500 at his mills. The yearly cut of these mills averages 1 10 million feet of timber, covering a period of but .seven monthsof iniinterrui>ted operations. It is difll- cnlt for anyone outside the trade to conceive what the.se figures re- present, beyond the fact of being the largest cut of any individual mill in the world. It was not enough for Mr. Hooth to carry on such an enormous business, which in itself is suf- ficient to monopolize the attention of any l)usiness man. He became identified, in latter years, with undertakings of .still more gigantic pro- portions, involving the expenditure of millions of C. J.MKSllN HlHVIII. dollars. With what success these nnderlakiiij^s were met we are all more or less familiar. After liuildiiij; the Canada .Atlantic Railway the jjcople of Ottawa had just reason to feel proud of the name of J. R. Hooth, and this undertaking; would in itself throiij,diout the Dominion of Canada there is no business house or individual name .so widely known as that of K. H. luldy. Without castinjj any re- I'arli.il \'ii-w 111 J. \i. Honlir-. Mills ,ii llic Cliamlii-ii'. have been sufficient to hand his name down to pos- terit\ in the annals of Canadian hi.story. The enterpri.se of this man, however, looked still further, and undeterred by the almo.st unsurmountable obstacles he had to face, he conceived and carried into oi)eration a scheme, in which were involved the interests of the entire Dominion as well astho.se of his own city. The success attendinj^ his efforts in this last un- dertakinj;- has furnished an object lesson to Canadians, and the ( )t- tawa,Arnprior iS: Parry .Sound Railway is openin<.f the eyes of our A m e r i c a n cousins to the fact that we are fully alix'c to our interests. Mr. Hooth is es.sen- tially a .self-made man, who owes his success in life entircK' lohisown effort.s. His atro;rc.ssive policy in all his undertakinj^s, coupled with his keen sightedne.ss and re- markable ability, is responsible for the high position he occupies to-uay. Mr. C. Jack.son Booth is an active member of the lumber firm and president of the Booth system of railways. He is a mend)er of the Comicil of the Ottawa Board of Trade and has already shown marked ability and a tendency to follow in the foot.steps of his di.s- tingnished father. THE K. B. KDDV CO., I.IMITHn. X'ifws ol' Kddv s Wiirk E. B. KnoY. flections on our thriving suburb, the city of Hull, it is but the truth to .say that the knowledge of its existence over the length and breadth of the country to-day is almo.st entirely due to its a.s.socia- tion with the " Match King," through which, it may be said, it has "burnt" its name on the shelves of every kitchen in Canada. It is not our inten- tion to do this establishment full ju.stice, for the very siiujilc reason that to do so would necessitate almo.st a volume in itself,and in an article of necessarily re- stricted .scope such as this has to be, we must confine our- selves to a bare out- line. To begin with, ct it be distinctly understood that there is " nothing like it" under theBri- ti.sh flag, and we are, con- seq uently, very proud of the distinc- tion which is naturally given to Ot- tawa in pos- .scssing such an institu- tion. What does the E. B. ICddy Compaiu- do? — is a question that few can properly answer, however well posted we may be on their better known industries, and it would pro- bably be easier for those who are informed to answer the question — What don't the/ do ? There would certainly be less details to enumerate. In the first place there is the match industry, with a daily output of 35,000,000 matches of six different It is 1^ no means an exaggeration to say that makes; of indurated fibreware, 800 articles daily ; in S9 - / Si-i w Tii'.is II. I\o\\i.i;v, K. H. luUlv Co. wooden ware, 3 ic, posse.ssing no less than three mills of the latter. Tlieir purchase of raj^s is enormous, some shipments total- ling;; up as high as $7,000. To get a better idea of what these figures rejjre- sent, just calculate the yearly output. Add to this the al- most constant e.stal)- iishing of new indus- tries and yon can form a vagnc idea of what the Iv R. luldy Company is doing. Do not, however, forget that there are 1,800 employees, representing a pay-sheet of over $1,200 a day, or nearly $4oo,or)oaninially, and that they have large agencies in all the principal cities in Canada. The man who is responsible for all this, whose genius has brought to its present state of prosperity a busi- ness, the nucleus of which was formed solely of brains, is, to say the very least, deserving of the highest prai.se from his fellow men. It may well be said of Mr. Kddy that, as a self-made man, he occujjies a very en\ial)le position to-day, audit is not to be wondered at i"'". M>'i-. Supi. E. n. Kddy (.<■. that Ottawa has pros- pered, with such business men as he working in its behalf. As a financier, Mr. Rowley, the Secretary- Treasurer, has few equals in Canada. He is a practical banker of wide experience, and the posi- tion he has occupied in this company since 1887 is am])le proof of his ability. Mr. Millen, the superintendent, is a man who knows his business thoroughly, and in carry- ing his knowledge into practice he is much to blame for the state of per- fection prevailing in every individual branch of the business. C. II. .Mii.i.iA, TtiK McKay Mm. i. inc. Company, Limitkd. In the McKay Milling Co. we possess one of the largest and most important milling companies in the entire Dominiou. The name is also well known in (Ireat Britain and lCnro])e, owing to the popularity of their pro- #'-'~^.. ducts. This business ^ has been in existence #i^ nearly 70 years, and is probably the oldest of its kind in Canada. It was originally estab- lished in 18^0 I)\- the late Hem. Tluk McKay. The prosperity which has brought the busi- ness of the comj)anv to its present niaguitnde, has undoubtedly been greatly contributed to by the use of the inex- ]iensive and unlimited power which they have had at their command. The cainicity of the flour mill is 1, 001 ) barrels per day, or over 300,1)00 barrels a year. The capacity of the oatmeal mill is 250 barrels per day. The practical man of the McKay Milling Co. is Wm. vScott, the president and general manager, who has been with the company from the date of its inception. Wm. .Siwi I, Pri'^iili'til aiul lu'ii. Matia^rr, MiK.iy .Milling *.'". S. S. Cl sn.MAN, Vice-Pres., K. B. Eddy Co. Plttitwiiy Photvs. The McKay Milliiiff Co. -A'iews of I'loiir Mills at the Chaudierc. • im iiu a(Y( 30 l)f tlic les in nowii liiKi'i-, vc luul ir mill rrcls a is 250 kIcKay general jm the (lii.Moik X: Hr(;iisi>N, I.je 500 men the year a- roim 1. The hnnbvr sawinjj occupies tlieni only about h months, their operations for the balance of the year be- iny; confined entirely to their timber limits. Tile company owns a number of water powers on the ( latin- can (to he found on the attached ma])) which offer special facilities for manufac- turiuj^ or other jiur- ])o.se.s, owiu},^ ])rinci- pally to their beiu<4 "-''^y "' access and located in ad\antaj;(.ous surroun(linj.;s. W. C. MnwAKD.s X; CoMr.VNv, !.iMrn;i). i.r M iii;k m .\ n r k.vctir kk.s. Situated at the foot of vSus.se.x vStreet, on each side of the Ridcau Kalls,are the lumber mills and .sash and door factory of \V. C. h'.dwards X: Co. Hetweeii the two con- cerns they own and monopolize the ])ower of these falls, which they have been utili';iu<; for many years. Their saw mill ranks with the larj^est, the output aver- ''K'".U' ,S*^ million feet of lumber per aiuium. Their .sash and door factory does an enor- mous business, and is counted as one of the larirest in Canada. The\- at LuiKcfild Photo. View of \\ . C liJwaids^Sash l-actoiv and Saw Mills — Irom River 3t W. e'. KnwARDS, .M.r. ji\e employment, on an averaj^e, to 2,000 men throughout the \ear. The firm also operates large mills at Rockland, which were established by them as early as 1868. Mr. W. C. lulwards has represented Russell County in the Federal Parlia- * menc since 1887, and is looked upon as one of the ablest business men in Canada. Though he takes an t.':tive interest in his establishments, his nephew, G. C. Ed- wards, acts as man- ager, in which capa- city he has shown marked ability. Till', Hll.l. I.tMllKk CoMTANV (I.IMITKD). Next in importance to the Mootli mills, amonjjst tlu- lumbrr iiuliistries at llic Cliaiuliere, \vc liavf tlie Hull Lnmber Company. Their mills are situated immediately beyond the suspension hridj^e alouj^ side the K. 15. Ivldy Co. They ob- tain their ])o\ver from the oxerllow to the ri<;Iit of tlieChandiere I'~alls, which is jjov- erned by a s]>eciall\ l)nilt dam within 150 feet of their flumes. Tile work done at these mills is simi)ly enormous, and for the seven months of the I', w. .\\i uv, yf'ii" i'l which they joiiii .Miin. niiiHii.r, Hull i.iimiur Co. are in operation, they present a very busy appearance. The yearly cut average 55 to 60 million feet, in some years these figures reach as hij.(h as 6S million feet. In order to do this no less than 400 men are employed at the mills proper, whereas the numl)er em]i]oyed on their timber limits alone averages I, OCX) men. The com- ]ian>' has been opera- tinj^since iS()(). Their shipments extend to I E ^_ *^^^ every port in the world, most of their cut findiu}:^ its way, as in the case of similar concerns, to ICn^laud. The officers of the company con- sist of the ])resident, c. K. Klin, A. A. Huell, of Hurl- , Joiiil Miiii. nil-., Hull I.iinilu-r Co. iugtOU, \V. (i. White, of New York, vice- president, and I'\ W. Avery and Chas. K. Reid, joint mana<^in, wn TiiKiK Nkw Indistkv. 1']) to the present year this company has dealt exclusively with the manufacture of liunber, and operated one of the larj^a'st mills on the Ot- tawa River. Their yearly onti)ut has aver- aged 50 million feet, board measure ; some years running as high as S5 millions, and they have had in their em- ploy — on an average — ()()() men the year around. The present company is the out- come of the original business established in 1H53 by the late H. F. Hron.son in conjunction with John J. Harris, who witbdi'.nv in 1.S67 to make room for A. Weston and \V. C. Rronson. It consists of the Hon. E. H. Hron.son, 1'. I'. Hron.son, W. G. Hronson and Levi Crannel. The Innd^er bu.sine.ss has been discontinued this year owing to the company en- I.l.Vl C'KWMl., Ot 111 iiiisoiis & Woslon C^^., l.dl. rfi,'t,t Phtitl). riu" 1 lull l.iiinbiT Co ■ MilN al llu' I'liumliiMV, gaging in extensive operations in an entirely dif- ferent indn.str\, but it is their intention to resume it at no di.stant date. They have decided on the establishing of a calcium carbide factory, and the necessary buildings are now being erected. Deschenes Milling- Cos Flour Mills. CoMroy's Mills. 32 Hull Electric Railwav Power House. OTTAWA'S (;RI{AT WATIvR P()\Vr:R I,(«)(i,()(>() HoKSK I',rli we have always been aware that this ])()wer existed in a more or less extensive form, the faci that water power is so iutcj^ral a part of the natural resources of our city, and the constant si;,fht of it in the form of our renowned Chaudiere, has hitherto prevented us from realizing the jijreat value attached to its development. Much credit is due Mr. .\u- '^ drew Holland, a member of the Council of the Otta- wa Hoard of Trade, for in- slitutiu":; the prelimiua r y researches, and for his uutir- injj efforts in oht:iiniu).r the required in- formation and arvan}j;injj and compiliup the details in such a comprehen- sive form as shown on the map attached to this publi- cation. It is difficult in- deed to realize that we ha\e an available power sufficient when concentrated to produce electrical energy for all the manufacturing, electric lighting and street railways of the cities of Detroit, Toronto, Rochester, and Cincinnati com- bined. Out of this total average of over i,or)o,oo(> horse power, we have avarlablc within eight miles of the city, including the Chaudiere Falls, 200,000 horse power, sufficient in itself to make Ottawa the foremost manufacturing city of Canada. Hefore the present year is out conduits will have been laid which will enable manufacturers to oinain power at almost any locality at a maxinnnn charge of Si 3 per horse power per aimum. Compare this with the cost of steam power, coal at say #4.50 per ton, which amounts at least to S40 per horse power per annum, and the conclusion is simple. Shipping Taiil, y PIml}. ChillKlil' facilities, which are dealt with on another page, offer every inducement to manufactnrer.s, both as to ]irom])t connections ami reasonable charges. The actual details connected with sliipi)ing, bearing on every individual product, if eiujuired into, will bear out the statement th.it Ottawa is better suited from every standjioint for the establishing of manu- factories, of any nature whatever, than an- jther city in Canada. Consider with this the eno inojis saving to be made in the co.st of the nece.s.sary l)ower, and there remains no re- .sent undevel- oped. These mines will be- come valuable just as soon as electrical energy can be obtained from our water power, which will enable them to be worked by electrical furnaces on a paying basis. It is worthy the close attention of ca])italists to examine into the many pur]H)ses for which this power could be utilized to their advantage, as well as to the making of this city a manufacturing centre second to none in the Dominion. KI-.l'OKT OK HNC.INKKK ON THK VARIOIS WATER I'OWKKS OF Till-; OTTAWA VAI.I.KV. For the iuformatitm of the public in general, I submit the following details concerning the various falls, and estimates of the power which could be obtained from them, with a general outline of the rivers, tributaries, lakes and reservoirs, existent in l-alK. 33 tlic Ottawa Valley. Tin- map attailicd to tliis puh- licatioii sli()\\> tlu' loratioii of ilu- various powers, with tlu-ir iiiaNiiiiuiii and iiiiiiiiniiin I'all of water, within a radius of 45 miles of Ottawa. OTTAWA KIVKK. The Ottawa Kiver to its sotuces extends for more than 451 > miles ahove the Chandien- I'.vlls .it Ottawa, and is seeond only to tile St. l.awrenee River in size and eonimereial iniportanee in Canada. It is a suecession of larj.;e, dee]) lakes, forming natural reservoirs, wliieh (lisehar).;e llironj,di a .series of rapids, whieh will form when developed at a rea.sonable expense, reliable and ade«piale jiower for niannfaetnrinjj and other pnrposis. l-'rom )4;overnmenl and other olheial doiimunls, I find that the extent of territory drained l>y the Ottawa and its trihntaries ahove the City of ( )ttawa, is over 43,1)00 .s(piare miles; and that l)etweeu the City of Ottawa and Cirenville the territory drained is i(),ooo .s(|uare miles The mean dis- charj;e of the ( )ttawa from a series •jf observations at (Irenxille, is iS-,()oo enbic feet per seeond, and at low water the di.scharj^i' 35.0110 cubic feet per seeond, or with a , 20 ft. laad 70,500 horse power, ' BlPliijKiP^ ^ and at hi^^h water the disch ~ — is I50,(H)0 eiibie feet or with 20 ft. head power ; also that t'le tation of n.in and .snow \'alley may be safe- ly taken at 40 in- ches of water. The maximum width of the Ottawa River between Ottawa and the lake at I<'Orij,Mnal is 4,(_kh) feet, and the mini- nuini width abont 1,400 feet. Reliable jjuages taken of the Slimmer volnme of discharj^e at Por- tajje dn P\)rt were recorded at 31,000 cubic feet per second, and the maxiimnn How at over 130,000 cubic feet i)er second. The River Mattawa at its jnui'tiou with the Ottawa River is 519 feet hitjher than tlu ,St. Law- rence River at Three Rivers. The water .shed of the Ottawa River is bounded noitherly by the heiji^ht of land dividint; the waters of the Hudson Hay Territory from those of Canada, and the ( )ttawa Valley i.s computed to be capable of ultimately maintaiuinji; a population of ei<;ht millions, takiujj Scotland as tlie l)asis. vSonic of the princi])al rivers flowiu;; into the Ottawa River, above the city of Ottawa, will j^ive some slight idea of a portion only of its g;rcat feeders. IMMmirr kUiv* 1,1- II (III .if RlVRim. lltlllHM Kl vrr Wiitrr Hhr.l Mi>t!tiHKi|ltli. Mail.i\\a>i Jh lllil«H nil lllill'h 1,1 ill s(|. mi •1" " .»V' 4. 1*11 " llllllllcl'lllTf .v» " 1 1(1 .^S.1 Cimli>ii){«' 7" ■ Ifm I.HlKI lll.uU Kivir 79 " I.V> 1,1 JO rdt'wauii I.VH •■ I.J.1 i.ilKI Malliwa . . Jui ■• .J.I Chain uf lal M.iiiIumI 120 " Kl|)|ll'\N.I 9" " lii-ii\ Rivuri- 9" ' ' Kivii'ii' ill) .Moiiie 1211 l,(>>l M|, tiiili-H CATINKAl KINI.K. In lletirv the (i the ar that fr .\ui;usl, i.Si^.S, p'rank .\. Ilibbard, C. ]•',., ,iud Carre, Civ, examined and reported u]Min atineaii River water power, aiul found that ea drained is about (),(M)() sipiare milis, and (lUi nieterolo},;ical observation for this district published by the Depart- ment of Marine and Fish- eries in i.S()5, the yearlx preei]iitation was 31. )2,an(i the normal rainfall for June, July and .\u)4ust was from () to I I iuelus ; and lhe\ assuuud thai the year- ly precipitation at the head waters would be .say f).S inches, and that by l)uiliiiu)4 a .small dam ;il Kateabinj;a Ka k e, area 100 s(|uare miles, it woidd .t;ive a storage capacity of i(),5i4,- 880,000 cul)ic feet, and that the other sui.iller lakes 'liw an I'alls .11 Ciili'lla. I Hull Tails on I ho l.ii'Mc ( i. l-alls at AliiiinU'. p*o(o« (13 R. a wiitji,- I'l. ili-.ipt. ana of 205 sfpiare miles, makinjr an ad- ditional storage of ubie feet, and assuming ini e\aporaliou and ab- soil amounts to 50 , otal of 20,002, 752, o(x~) |_. (lays of the natural availa1)le to be utilized during low water, .\fter carefuli\- cross .sectioning the river, and obtainiug evi- dence as to the high and low water levels, the volume of water near Kirk's berry, above Katon Chute, was carefully calculated at different .stages, and found to be : .\ctual flow, July 22nd, iSf)S, 644,112 cubic feet jier miniUe, or with 20 feet head 24,508 hor.se -power. High water flow in 1895, 2,763,000 cubic feet per minute, or with 20 feet head 105, 160 horse power. .\ head of 2^ feet coidd easil\- be obtained without iujur\' to private propert\", which would gi\e 30,400 horse power in Jtily and 130,405 horse power at high water. .\t Chelsea a head of "^9.3 feet coidd easily be obtained, which would give 47,790 lionse power in July and 205,000 hor.se power during liirrli water. 34 r»ff/« V PI'uta. Ui.llMII I .■IK. Ki\ii:i iniks fimii llir ()tla\va kivcr, willi a waUr slii'd of ovi'i .|,(i(M) s(|iian,' iiiilis fid from a luiiiilu r of laij^c lakis and stiram>, wliiili coiiM iiadily In- iisrd for sloraj^i' riyi-rvoirs li\ coiisUnii-liii^ dams if rii|uiri(1, tluiiliy j^iiall)' iiicriasin;^ thi' i'a|>arily of tin- watir powir. Tlir li\il of llii- rivi'V at till town of l!nikinj;liam, four mili-s from its jniii'tion witli llu' Ottawa Kivtr, is ,V'- firt Iiij^liir than tlic Ottawa Kivir, and is prini-ipally a conlinnation of rapids, viry available for llif di-vidopmcnl of watir |)owir. Mr. \'alarir, tlii' manat^rr of om- of till- largest I'stati's owninj; land on this rivtr, informs \nv that the di'vidojunt-nt will not I'xoeed an axcraj^e of Sio pi-r horsi- power, and in some eases it has heen done for eonsiderahK less. I ean only obtain the minimum eapaeity of this river at low water. The I)n Lievre distriel has for \ears past bein noted for its lari;e di- posits of i)]nnd)aj.^o, phosphate, miea, and other valuable minerals and earths. The \l\^\\ I-'alLs, with I So feet head, is in its natnial slate, and adjaeeiit to very rieh Hiimral diposits. WATKK I'liWl'.K CI'.M'.K.M'ION. vS'imtiel Webber, l''.s(|., Charle.stown, \.II., in a iKiper leeenlly snbmilted by him to the .American Society of Mechani- cal Iviifjinecr.s, .states : " That it is practi- cally po.ssibleto store and secure for power about one-third of the total annual rain- fall. This rainfall he records at 42 inches, as a fair average for the larjjer part of the United .States, ea.st of Kansas and Ne- braska, amountiuj.; then fore to about three cubic feet per .second per .s(piare mile of eatciinunt area. Oiie-lhiiil of this, or one cubic f.Mtt iK.r .second per sipiare mile of drainage stnface, is thenfore the supplv wliich can \isnallv l)\ the aiil of stoiaye be nliid upon. lie also discii.sses the first ci).st of ttirltine installation, and the cost of several plants is shown to vary from .*5«> to to Suk) per horse power. The cost of water ])ower, per liorse power per annum, is estimated in thiee in- stances at SS.O.}, .Sit), ami ,Si i.d.s, and it is stated to be }.;enerally covetetl by tile lijjure of Si ^ per annum per horsi' powm" I also Holier that in a , he states: "The river basin is of al)oiit 5,1)17 s<|iiare miles area, of wliich ,^,.S(h) s(|iiai"e miles are forest and .|s<' .s<|uare inile.«' nrc lakes and ponds, ,^ii in number, .\iinual rainfall I |.S inches ( iS^() to iSSS), nia\inium ^\.(t 1 1SS7), minimiini ,^,V7 ('^(xi). A water power was devel- (mnip of r.ills .iiul Uapiils lU'itr OU.tw.i, ilosi' lo Oli.iw.i ,iiul lialiiicau Railway. ?,S I-'alK nt Kirks Fim lu'iir Olliiw.i. ills al llojj's l?.nk, 4 mill's I'riim Ottawa. Kail il Chflst-a, lU'ar Ottawa. oped, and the cost of dam, flume, head gates, wheel pit tc, was in this case #15 per horse power for the 3,500 horse power, cost of wheels for 3,000 horse power about S9, or S2\ in all. The fixed charges on this Mr. ^IcKlroy reckons at #5.24 jx-r horse power per annum. I''or comjwrison, the cost of a 3,(H)() horse power steam plant in this pr.lp mill (where no exhaust steam is used for other pnr- jioses), is calculated and found to be S52.17 per horse power j^er atnitnn, with coal at $6 jier ton. He also makes reference to the connnercial value of water power, at Lowell, with a 4,085 stpiare mile basin being valued at .^'^a, 787,200, and at Lawrence, with an area of 4,553 .square miles at $2,866,720." Some very interesting lectures on the trans- mi.ssion and distribution of power by compressed air, bv fuel gas, and bv steam, were given in 1897 bv John S. Nicholson,' H. Sc, ]\L Can. Soc. C. K., and R. T. Durlev, H. Sc, A. ^L Can. Soc. C. K., ])rofessors of mechanical engineering at McGill College, from which I take the following ex'.racts. KSTIMATHD RicsiLTS from ail Installation delivering 2,(kk)1i.]). in Montreal with 4,55i),ofx) h. p. hours delivered per year. steam. Cost of .Staticn J^ 3'5 O" Cost of pij>e litic ...( 136,35000 Total cipital expenditure j 239.000 00 Annual expenses 116,440 co Tons of coal burnt per year ' 17.100 aj Price of i.iioo h. p. hours 21 o« Price of i h. i* i)er year (3,09*) hours).. 62 10 Price heating steaiii per 1,000 hours — — 30 Steam with Conipres'd Feed Air Water Storage. Power. $93,625 00 $166,970 00 '.'6..\so -« ^,500 00 243,000 00 247,000 Ot) 104,020 00 75,700 00 T3,68o 00 6,140 00 18 2S 1664 56 .19 51 40 The prices j^iven above would of course be jMiid on the basis of the power actually coiisuiiied by the user. COMI'l) Deschenes ami Britannia, V '"■''^ fr.ini Canadian Pacific and Pontine Pacific Rys. , not in use l,S,;e du I'ort, 7 miUs from Ilaleys, Can. Pac. Rv. . 49,ocx) Mounta"-.! Chute, h miles from Clark's .Station, Poniiac Pacific ky 62,500 ('Fraud Calumet, 4 miles from Clark's Station, Pontiac Pacific Ry i ,S6,ooo Coulonne River, adjacent to Pontiac Pacific Ry 24,120 Hlack River, adjacent to Pontiac Pacific Ry 2l,o.:o MlSSI.SSU'l'I RIVHR. C.detta, adjoinin>; Ottawa, .\rn|>rior^ P.irry Sound Ry. i,Sn Canadian Pacific and Ottawa, Arnprior ^: Parry Sound Rys 1,400 Rapid near Sprinntowii. 6 miles from Calat)ogie on Kingston S: Pembroke Ry 1 , 1 20 Calal)ogie and Calabo^ie Lake, adjacent to Kinj^ston ^t Pembroke Ry .^,640 Madawaska Hij^li Ealls and Rapids, .S miles from Cala- bogie Station 10,360 MlNINC. SlKNES .NEAR OTTAWA. I Mines. of (.iraiul CaliinuM Mine. ,V Shaft ill Gr.-ind Calumet (jfaleiia) .Mine. 6. Phosphate Mine. BONNECHERH RIVER. Hor.se Power Caslleford and Rajiids alxjve, about 3 miles from Cana- dian Pacific Ry Renfrew and Douglas, adjacent to Can. Pec, Kingston & I'enibroke. and Ottawa, .\rnprior iS: P. .S. Rys. . yuyon River, adjacent to Pontiac Pacific Ry TRIUUTARIES BKI.OW OTTAWA CITV. G.\TINKAU RIVER, &C. I'armers Rapids, i mile from (latiiiean Valley Ry Chelsea Mills, '2 mile from do do .... 1 , 1 20 2,IXX> Ho do do do do Hatons Chute. \ mile from do Cascades, adjacent to do Wakefield, '4 mile from do Paugan I'alls, 1 mile from do ,.„ Peche and Blackburn Creek, r mile from Gat. Val. Ry. Petite Nation River, ,s miles from Canadian Pacific Ry. Blanche River, a series of chutes, from i to 12 miles from Canadian Pacific Ry. Station Priests Creek. 20 miles from Canadian Pacific Ry Little Blanche River, y tniles from Can. Pac. Ry Clay Creek, Biglow's Mill, iS miles from Can. Pac. Ry. RIVIKRK I)U LIEVRK. Buckingham .Station, Can. Pac. Ry., 7 privileges com- bined, .(5 ft. head kheaume p'alls. Town of Buckingham, 4 miles from Canadian Pacific Ry., 21 > ft. head l)ulTerin I'lills, Town of Buckingham, 62 '2 ft. head. . . fpper I'alls, do do 26 do Little Rapids, miles above Buckingham, 8 ft. head. Cascades, do do 12 do High I'alls, do do iSo do Total available Horse Power below City of Ottawa, do do above do do 24,500 47>79'' 24,50s 1 4, (X)0 12,000 7,^.,Soo 375 i,6 S59.003 The total minimum horse powers of the aforesaid jx>rtions of the rivers within reasonable access of railwpvs or canals, is estimated at 917,403, of which only 5S,4(X) is now .1 u.se, leaving 859,003 horse j)ower available. It til ■ 8 CAl'Al!II.ITli;S AMI UKSOfRCKS OK AI.I. WAl'HK I'OWKRS AliJACl'.NT I'o OTTAWA. The sources of supply feediujj;^ the piiiieipal rivers are uorth aud east of the city of Ottawa, llowiujf principally throu<;h uu)Uiitaiuous aud rocky rej^rious, in which are scattered hmidreds of larj^e aud suiall lakes. The head waters of these rivers are iu priuiilive aud uu- .settled districts, uot yet lhorou<,dily surveyed, aud abouudiu}^- iu red aud white piue, tauiarack, ce- dar, aud the very best hardwood trees, iuter- spersed with spruce, pop- lar, aud other limber suit- able for pul]), indurated fibre, aud other industries. The present aud couteui- ])lated railway connec- tions, and the proposed Ottawa and (ieorj^iau Hay Canal beinresse.l air ener^\- can be easily deve!oj)ed aud trans- mitted for motive power, etc., to the UTunerons steadily s^rowini; towns in their vicinity, as well as to the city of Ottawa, whicl is rapidly develo])iuj^ into a larj^e manufacturiu<,r centre. More- over, the recent developuieiUs in counectiou with electric fur- naces, calcium carbide, and the electric energy retpiired for the economical reduction of met; ores aud other industries, with abuiulance of phosphates, how aud other valuable minerals, other crude materials reepiired a large nuud)er of manufacturi purposes, undoubtedly e.\ist' throughoiU the (Ottawa Valley, furnish data well deserving the tenlion of parties desirous of utiliz- ing this i)re.scnt enormous waste of power. .Suppo.se we compare the com- mercial value of water power, as before quoted and under .similar climatic conditions, at Lowell, Mass, 4,nS=; .scpiare miles at S2,7S7,2(X), or SfiSa per sipiare mile, aud Lawrence at #630 ])er .s(|uare mile, with the value of the (~)ttawa River ])ower, only al)()ve the city of Ottawa, of 43,(H)0 S(|uare miles, at say ,S6oo jicr .stpiare mile, would e(|ual S25,S()(j,uo() ; or take the a\ailal)le _sS(;,_^2t) horse power, which is still luinsed, and waiting only for euteri)rise to develope, within such reasonable distance of the Dominion Cai)ital, at the rate of .Sio per hor.se power, we have $5,S93,2(io. Tliis clearK shows that capitalists are not >et fully aware of the great resources of this portion of Canada waiting for development, and cannot understand the rea.son why some large under- takings ha\c not bien counueuced lefore this, l)ecause I am informed that the Dominion Government now charge at Lachine $10 to Si 2 I'or effectixe hor.se j'ower per )ear solel\- for the limited use of wa.ste water fioui their canal. .Xnd the cost of steam ranges from #5010^75 for i-ne horse power ])er annum of 3,090 lour.s, according to i|uantity u.sed and jirice of coal ; aud I am confi- dent if the large water powers of the ( )ttawa River and tributaries referrel/iiu't'), Hij^h Kalis, on Iju- l.ii-vrc (■.lunviiijf TiiiibiT l.'luili'), MiiKlli' K.ills, Alnionlo. ( )tlawa. ( trr \\\ \, July 1st, I Slit). Roiii-.KT .SruTi'.i'.s. 3^ i i $.Cnin per take the II unused, le, witliiii 1 Capital, we liave ■apitalists ources ot litiiij; for lulerstaiul m' luuler- luuiieiiced iiifuiiiied iieiit now S I 2 for ear solely sle water le eost ol 75 for one of 3,uyo ntity used am confi- ])o\vers of triljuiaries licalh de- (luantilies luced and I very low per horse rations of ich accoip- represeiit (plot a of n the map mblieation. i\- le eon- resentalion ea can he re of their alls. The ■se various lostly resi- wa, thoujrh ;o the sur- Iry, and are enconrai^- duction of ])nrpose ot e rich na- of the (lis- tary of the of 'I'rade is ) fnrnish to of ohtain- iiforniation, ;ar\- details ny feature (iirectU- or ivestij^atiujjf iidustries at KTl'.l'.S. TH I{ OTTAWA B( ) A R 1) OP TR A I )]l As in all other important cities, the j^reatest safej^nard we ha\e to our \aried and ex- tensive l)nsiness interests is the IJoard of Trade. .Stran.^e as it may seem, in view of other Hoards in lari^er cities, the interests of the country on (piestions of luitional importance have on several occasions materially benefitted by the prompt and elTecti\e measures adopted by the Ottawa Hoard of Trade. The Hoard was originally orj^anized and iiicori)orated in 1.S57, with a uieinbershipof 50, but from that time up to iSi^r its life received repeated iuten iiptions, with a breathin<; spell at intervals of from 3 to 10 yeans. Pillmmy Pholas. PkksI DKNT AM) Coi Nl II. Ol lAWA MoAHfl OV TkADK lSi)i>. I. C"i. !•'. lliMuli'i-,011, Pivsiili'iit. 1. John Coali's, isl \'ii-f-Piosiilt'nl. .5. Tlioiii.is Workman, ii\cl X'it'o-Pivsiiiciil. 4. C'. A. noiiijl.is. Tio.tsnivi . 5- *. I'l'il Mollnimo, Si'iivlarv . (1. Jaiiios Hallaiilyiu- (J- it T. Hall.iiilvno.) 7. C. J.-ukNon HoollM I- !<• Hoolli.l K. (.'n'o. Hiirn, I'.i-ii. Man. H.iiik ol' llliawa. i). A. W. I'K'i'k, Si-i-.-Tiv.is. C. .\.'Ky. 10. A. llollanJ (A. lloilaiul \ Son). 1 1. |. K.iv.in.iyh, Moivhanl. 1 _•. C. Koss (C. Ross Co., l-td.) i.v *-'■ '>•■ M-'N (Cu'o. Mav «t Sons). 14. J. W. MiUao. .Man. liir. O. K. 1.. Co. 15. P. 1). Koss, Man. Hir. "Tho Jonnial. i(>. Wni. Scoll, M^r. McKay Milling Co. 17. P. Lainionlh, .Acooinitanl. 39 It was iu)t till the month of Xovcinher of 1.S91 that a luiinbcr of protiiincnt business nit-ii, alivi.- to the absolute necessity of rcorj^ani/.ation, held a Cieo. L. Ornie, Crawford Ross, C. C. Ray, P. Basker- ville, X. S. (kirland, K. A. Selwvn, H. A. Hrad- burrv, A. (i. Cole, S. M. Rogers, (i. Rowe, R. Cill, i,in,v;iW,y f/i„l„,s .\i;Kk I l.n KM, Si INKS A I OlIAWA. I ;iiul ,v \ ii'Ws 111 l"x|nTinuMil.il l';irm, l^u.iwa. 4. Siipi'iiiili'iuli'iil's Kcsidiiui'. j, 5 ■hhI I.. I l.irvi'siinn Sii-iu's lu-ar Oll.nv.i. nieetiuj^, which was attended by the foUowiui^ J. T. Ikirtrani, H. T. A. I'.ell, T. Macfarlane, C S. j^entlcnien: — J. M. (kirland, Alexander Mulchnior, Ma\, F. V. liilliott, V. II. Chrysler, A. Harvey, Smirrfon PhiiloB. Si l:\KS ON I'KASKK \ ClLS llMHICK I.IMIT.S. No. '.. I5^vin^• .-i C'ri'ok llint Ims hfeii " iiiipnin-il." .No. 2. Ui-mtm' n.im oil L'n-i'k. No. ,v Hii'.'ikin>j a roll vay with "dojf anil lim-. No. 4. A " L'liiili'." No. 3. Prix iT«i' Camp. No. (>. A l.off " niiiiip." No. 7. .\ " nuinp ' of 30,000 I.oys. No. S. .\ Hail K.tplil. No. 9. L'roi'k nriviiij^, 40 (^ico. L. Cliittv, R. McMorian, Win. Mason, \V. 1). Morris, S. T. ClRiR'y, C. H. Carrierc, D. ( )'Connor, U.C., I). O Connor, jr., A. McLeod, V. Larniontli, A. MacU-an and 1'. D. Ros.s. Tliis nKxlini,r rcsnlltd in active steps l)ein/iij(os. POMtNrilS RllM.K .AsSOHAril'N. . txx)yi.l'. Uan>;i'. -•. H.K.A. Cniips. ,v Kaiijiv OlVucrs, ■i)S. 4. Kirin^ from 400 yds. R.injfo. 5. I'lvsi'iiliitinn ot I'ri/.t's by Clen. iliitloii. (1. Shooliiifj tor tioviMnoi-Crfiierars Prize, entire Dominion of Canada, and has ac(juitted itself with no .small mea- sure of success, in some iu.stauces to the deconcertion of ri\al I'oards. The first, and a most important uu)ve, made by the Council of the Hoard was in the case of the attempt to establish a Dominion Hoard of Trade to l)e conipo.scd oi a pro- portionate representation from all the Hoards of Canada. The primar\- object was to obtain a combined action to force the satisfactory settlement with the PV'deral C.o\ernment of many vexed (juestions involviu"^ business interests, and to deal with _t;eneral matters of national importance. .^11 the i)romineut lioards throni^liout Canada accpiiesced in the movement, and a nieetiu<; was held in Montreal composed of the Presi- dents of the Hoards of Trade of Mont- real, Toronto ami ( )ttawa, for the pnr- po.se of discussiuf^ the most advisable course to pursue. Shorth' afterwards, while the (piestions invoked were still in abeyance, the Montreal Hoard of Trade took the initiative in askiiij^ ihc I'V'deral (iovernmeut to appoint a joir.t arl)itration compo.sed of fi\e eN])erts to determine customs valuations for the entire Dominion. Their course was immediately a])proved, presinnably by force of hal)it than for any other reason, 1)\- a lar<;e number of the Hoards of Trade throu>jlu)Ut the country. When broui^ht to the attention of the Council of the Ottawa Hoard of Trade, however, a more than prefunctionary examination of the tpiestion was made, and the .scheme of the Montreal Hoard of Trade was pro- nounced impracticable. .\ .series of re- solutions to this effect were then intro- m 41 duced by the vice-president, Mr. Ross. Tliis stand was accepted when the ipi .lioii was iiitnuhiced in Parliament, and it was entirely on the ar>,Minients advanced by the ( )ltawa Hoard of Trade that the proposals of the Montreal Hoard were rejected. Consequent upon this action, it woidd seem to a clo.se observer, the Montreal I'.oard, ostensibly on the ])retext of the (iovernnient refusinj; to intro- duce insolvency lejj^islation, withdrew their snpport to the action of the ( )ltawa Hoard con- pH^^^lHHiil^T^ cerning; the estab- lishing of a Do- minion Hoard of Trade. The loss to the country re sidl- ing from the failure to establish a Do- minion Hoa-'. of Trade has since made itself felt in a marked degree. ( )ur general trade rela- tions, particularly with (ireat Hritain, have suffered con- siderably, owing mainly to the ab- .sence of uniform in.solvency legisla- tion. Til is would undoubtedly have been obtained ere this by the united action which woidd have resulted from the scheme of the ( )ttawa Hoard of Trade. .\nother matter which is calculated to bring about .i great improvenu nt in the affairs of our country to the bet- terment of the work- ing clas.ses, and for wiiich the ( )ttawa Hoard of Trade is entirely respon.s- ible, is the matter of technical educa- tion. The interest in this iiuestion is gradually becoming widespread, and in all probability be- fore very long we will see some sy.s- tem of technical education adopted in Canada, resulting from the commendable efforts which are being put forth by the Council of the ( )ttawa I'loard of Trade. The following circidar has been addressed to every Hoard of Trade in the Dominion : — Pittitivmj Photos. i. Tin (.">l 1 \\\ A ImVXUI) OI _^. A. Simpsiiii, .Mi;"!". Oiiliir'ii> H.-iuU •M \'. Sll|H-l', .MUMIII it SiipiT. (>. C. I Hank o( l.\)iniiu'iii'. S. \\', I.. .M.irli' umI. !. A. Smipsiiii, .Mifi'. Unl.iriii H.iiik. 4 \Va M- (). I-. \V. Av.T\, Hull l.iimluT Co. P(i. W. II A. Amiorsoii, .M.ui'. I'nioii IS.inU xl i.'.'iri.'ul;i. I,',. J. .M. C'.,iil.iiul, J. M. l'..irl,iiul iV Sun. 14. Win. M.iiUiV, l.nnihiT- 15. i. ■ Mmiji'i', I'nsiiliMil H.iiili 111 lllt.iw.i. i(). W. 1;. riiil|)iill^, Mi; liiilisli Niirlli Aini'rii'.i. 17. W. I.. liri-iMi, .Miji'. .\nii'iii-.in U.iiiU N'olc I'n I liilt'liison, M.I'. 111. j. i'libsiin, lulipsi' I'm iiiliMi- Mlj;. t'li. 20, P. Mur. U.uik ill l'>ll.iw.i. -•!. J. Swi'i'llaiul, Slu'iilV. jj. IC. C'. Wliilni-v, Si. AnllmnN l.ninliiT Co. -■;,. J. K. Moolh, l.imiInT Monhanl. .>4. W. C. luhviiiilN, .M.l'., W'. t'. l'Al\v.iri.U cV Co. J,. .\. U. Uroili'iiik, Mm'. MoUonv H.ink. j(>. T. .Mu'.irn, .Mu-arii ,V Sojior. Sir, — Von are doubtless aware that the question of the establishment of Technical Ivlncatiou has become one of national imjiortance. It is generallv admitted that if Canada is to hold her own in the great industrial warfare now in jirogrcss amongst nations, she must be eipiipi)ed with the neces.sary means for training her own poi)ulatiou to enter into the arts and manufactures. The (piestion of Technical lulucation will most seriously affect the future piosperity of the Dominion. We cannot be called a uianufa c t ti r i ii g country, for the e\- pt)rt of oiu' manu- factured products is small incomparison with our imports. Canada pays mil- lions every year to the su]ierior aiti.sts and artisans of other c o u u t r i e s, e \ e r y cent of which repre- .sents a foreign tax voluntarily i)aid in con.seiinence of ig- norance and want of .skill at home. We cannot de- ]ieu(l on private liberality in this young country, to organize and su])- port an ade(|uate sy.stem of Technical lulucation. The generous ])ro\ision for all such instruc- tion made by many luiro])ean countries is regarded as one of the most ])re.ssing of pul)licduties,and ma\' be followed by us with profit. In the I'nited States also, Tech- nical ICducation has made great strides during the past few years, largely thro- ugh business organ- i/alion and i)ri\ate munilicence ; but the .\merican peo- jile ha\e become .so aroused to its ini- rechnology are springing Union ; some b\' i)'ivate Iraiik iSh). I. AiultTson M'. P.iiik iiI'Moiil W . n. .Mil.;irfn, l.iniihi'i' Mi'itli.inl. 5. . Ki'iil, Hull l.iiniliiM- Co. 7. K. C.iil, , Mi^r. MiTi'lijinls* Uank oi l.'an.'ula. .MoAulilVo, l.iinilu'i' .MiMili.inl. 11. M. ij. I'. (.'. H.ilo, II. .\. U.ili- iV Sons. .Moii-hanl. ■. Hank ol iS. Wni. M. tinnio. portance that .schools of up in every vState of the aid, such as the Philadelphia Textile .School ; others by Munici]xd and State aid. The success attending the efforts of the Toronto 4J scli(K)l ami llic k'ss pR'tfiiliniis oik- in Ottawa, is evidence of their necessity, and of tlie linnjjer of the people to obtain technical and scientific knowledge. With these facts before lis, and realizing the possibilities of onr nnrivalled natural resources, we believe the time has arrived when an ()i)i)ortiinity should be fur- nished our people to develop the many fields of industry within onr borders. This is a matter of trade and commerce, and comes ])riniarily within the scoi)e and action of the b'ederal ( 'lovernineiit, just as agricultnre is pro- moted by onr ICxiierimeiital I'arins, dairying by our dairy stations, and mining by onr (ieo- logical .Survey. The object of this circular is to ask the opinion of your Council as to the first step to be taken. We assume, ot course, that anv system of Technical I\(lncation should be National, /.c, .aided by the .State, as in ('icr- many, France, Switzerland, lielginm, .Austria and Ivngland. It is fell that no time should be lo.st in making a beginning. Would your IJoaid therefore ap|iro\e of a coiuentioii of representatives of dit- fereiit Boards of Trade at as early a date as po.ssible, nil iivu,, Pliuio MiMi-.illi- Slrci'l l.i>i>kiM),'- Xmlli. at, say, Montreal, Toronto, or ( )ttawa, to discuss and formnlate a plan? I have the honor to be, .Sic, .\i,i:\. M.\ci.H.\N, Ciaii, ISi/nnNi;, ( 'fill it liitiii of C 'omiuilli, OTiAWA, March 7, is^jcj. .V,'. ( ■lilfW Ollll-Oll luHllil 0/' 7'iiiiU. .\ (.iRin I" 01 I'KIVAIK Ui:sm)i:m KS. I. K. 1!. I'.iUly, Hull. Oiu'. .". P. niiU.H. MiMi'.illi- Si. ,v J. ik- Si. 11. Lciiuiiiu-, Williroil Si. 4. I".. \V. Mil'iillniivrli, I'Iu'ihIiiii- St S. K. Scyhiikl, V.uliiM- Si. (>. J. \. Cimi'iMH, TluMiloiv Si. 7. Win. M;iiki>, C'liiipiT Si. H. II. \. U.iU-, C'li.i|H'l Si. I). John Mather, Tlieoiloiv Si. 10. Win. H. Davis, ThL-odore Si. 1 1. John H. Kramer, CoopiT St. 4.3 As a result of tliis action tlif Toronto Koartl of Trade invited delegates from the various proniinenl Hoards tliroujjhout the country for the purpose of discussinjj^ the pielim- inary ste])stol)e taken. Mr. Ross, the repre- sentative of the ( )tta\va Hoard of Trade at this meeting, exjjlained fully many features of the question which had hitherto not been ])roperl\ understood. The Minister of lulu- cation of the ( )ntario (iovernnient assured the meeting of the entire sti])port thai would he given hy the I'rovineiai (lovern- luent to the furtherance of Technical Ivdue 'ion. The result of this meeting was the a linting of a eoniniittee to encjuire into tl iestit)n fulh', and report at an early date This will, undoubtedly, give an impetus t the movement, and matters will in all likeli- hood be l)rought to a satisfaett)ry conehision at a general convention to be held in ( )ttawa shortly, to which the ( )ttawa Hoard of Trade has invited rejiresentatives from the different Hoards in Canada. The menil)ershi]) roll of the Ottawa Hoard of Trade to-day cotuains 250 names, and the number is increasing rapidly. 0\ The Council is com])osed of a very representa- tive body of imsine-ss men, well informed, as their actions have i)rovcd, on business nuittcrs in general, and, furlheruu)re, very active and thorough in their deliberations on all questions. ()'1"I"AWA CllKi;SK AMI " . lit '1"1'HU liOAKli. slabiished in May, i8yS, ( )ttawa Chee.se and Hu tier Hoard has risen to promiueneealmost from the first hour of its ince])lion. The constant de\elop- uient of the farming industry in liie Ot- tawa N'alley made it necessary, in order to i)rotect the farm- ers' interests in the cheese markets, to pay ])articidar atten- tion to this branch of their industry, and the results could not l)OSsil)ly l)e more satisfactory. The ])rices ()l:)tained last year were higher than those ])ai(l in any other part of Canada, and the total shipments aggregated $250,000. This year's .sales, so far, show a marked increase o\er the previous year. iMu;i I'lU'iliii- Ky. I''\l>'riiif (".'ii' SliciK Powt'l" I K»usr. Iiili'iior e'ai' Slii'iK. Pittawtly Photos I'HO.MINKM WlUn.liSAl.l-: AMI KkiAIL SlORI'.S. I. Geo. .May & Sons. i. Hiysoii, CMali.im & Co. t,. L. S. I'oiiliii. 4. Thos. Li^fifol. 5. CI. M. lliilbrook. (). J. .\1. Garland iS: Son, 7. C. Ross Co.', Limited. 8. John Miiiphy »'v: Co. 9. U. Mi'Giflin aiid H.Siins & Co. 10. Tlios. Hiikott. II. H. Richard & Co. u. Biitterworth & Co. 13. J. L. Ornif & Son. 44 P'tUmniy Pluiias iVl lAWA liOVIil) Ol- TUADI; lSl)<). W. Mi^rrisiin. n. VowcU. C Kdw.irds. . n. Moni-.. \V. I'l-.ISIT. C. AriU'Uli. S. I.ft'thani. A. Butti-rwiiith. MiKlnli'v. J. Sinitli. I I. I'l. M. I'liii'iu'. ij. J. K. Uciil. i.V S. Oifilvy. 14. |. 1'. Moolli. 15. I'. II. elwihol. i(\ A. M.uli-an. 17. I'l. I,. O111U-. iS. W. {.;. hIiuU. U). W. I. l'o\ipoii', -•o. W. Hoillnv'uk. 21. E. MiMahon. MA' v. KiMiiiy. 'I'. Liiulsa' M. I.. A. I... I.t j(.. 1 L'kiii. -l.\>l. W. Whit.- UasUiTV illi'. X. St. Jart.]iu's, MciiliiiU'r. \. S. C.ail.iml. Illllll lll'IU'\. !■:. Wallac.-. I>. U. Stivi-t. A. 40. 4i. 4-- 4.V W . II. 1. 1.-. K. Siirtoos. .M. C. Kdev. J. I-:. WaNh. n. OX'onTior. W. n. lloKK- R. Sli'wail. C. MrvsiMi, (.;. I'.Hiophv. .1. K. .Mian. ' I. .\. Mrvson, 44- 45- 4f>. 47- 4«- 4')- .so. 5.V M. Slattfiv E. Sovhokl. \. A.' Ri'lioiirl, .M.r K. I., llorwood. n. 11. Hiidsvm. I". W. Cailiii.ir. W. M. Soul ham. !•'. Hisluip. R. T. SliilliiijjtKn. C. .A. Olmstod. 45 Pittaitiiy Photo'.. Ol lAWA KvV\KI> 111 TUADI. l.Siji). T. I.i'uis. K. MiN.'ill. Kiiiluvi'll. R. l-.-ililifonl. t.^"t"oiiruir. ji'. U. M.N.mI. ' C'. Sp.irUs. Ct.'iinliK'. C. Imlay. Siraltoti. A. D. Ilolbrook. 12. S. MiC"li'naj;;li,iii. i,V R. W. Sliaiiiuni. 14. S. M. I\i)t;^fis. 15. W. I'l. I liiiiliiian. li). J. J. lllMll'V. I 7. laiiu's Matlu't-. iS. A. H. Uowloy. II). II. Mooiu'v. JO. J. Allan. JI. J. .\. Miisjfiovi". 22. Will. lloWO. -.V -I- j8. 2q. .v- .^'■ V. Ili'niiijj-an. I'.. I.. MlaUli. I'. Wlu'laii. J. S. niiri.-. .\. KoMMillial. 11. I". M.Cailhv. II. A. K. Mil.i-mi. A. C'l. I'itt.iwav. K. Ciiok. J. C"i. I'oiipoii'. J. l'"otlitM'in^liam. ,?(>■ ■I'l. 40, 41' 4J. 4,V 44' T. II. l-l.-ll. i;. ,M. Hayly. .\, E. Ml atliniiN . I.. .\. I'miliii. (.;. W. II. Wall^. W. R. Sir.xul. W. Slr.uliaii. II. II. Lanic. R. H. Mallu'siiii. W. I. Mi-M. R. Mitlillin. 4.S- 40. 47- 4S. 4<)- 5'- S.V 54- 55- C. Mohr. C. R. TaKiT'iil- I'". J. .Mi'xaiuU'r. A. I'.UT. r. M;isoii. ni'i'iiiin-. .M. .\U-.\loiTaii. II. C'airiiMi', \V. Hunt. II. Tliorbiirii. Chas. 0'Ci)nnoi-. 46 orR i:i)rcA'ri()XAL ixs'irrrTioxs. t"^K()M ;ui idiK'alioiial slauilixdiil, llif Capital oitupiis a foremost position aiiionj^st Caiia- tliaii cities. Tins does not ajjply solely to any one parlienlar elass of eiinealion, hnt to onr inslilulions in ;^eiieral, wliieli eo\er e\eiy appiosed Inaneli of learning in \oniii' at tlii' ])resenl time in other larj;e eilies. ( )ntsi(le of Montreal and Toronto, Jttrtih Photo l^ltawa l'nivorsil\ I'miil \'ii-u of M.iiii KiilkliiiL: tile seats of oiu .threat, we may say world-famed, I'niversities of MeCiill, ( )s,<;()ode Hall and lyaval, there is, niU|nestional)]y, no city in Canada with such complete and extensive systems of education as we possess in ( )ttawa. To-day the Capital is the seat of a I'uixersitx' with "Faculties" in every branch of learning, and power to confer decrees, and her Alnniui rank amouf^st the first scholars of the land. A Xormal vSchool is also seated at Ottawa and, under the direction of the learned Dr. McCahi' and an eflicient stafT,seu(lsout aunualh- well-trained men and women to take in hand the task of traininj^ the younj,^ in the schools of the Province. .\11 the necessary nnchinery for the niainteuauee of minor educational estahlishment.s, from the Collegiate to the Kinder- <;arten, is in full and effective operation. There is also in the city a branch Convent of the famous in.stitution founded in the 17th Century hy devoted women fnnn ( )ld l-'rance, and known as the Con- XIII. in iHH(). .\s now constituted, the I'liiversity of Ottawa has powers to confer dej^rees in the- oloiry, ])liilosoi)liy, law, medicine, arts, music, .science and civil cn<.;iiieeriii},f, and these .studies coii.stitute its several department.s, which embrace six dilTereiit courses. The study of inatheinatics ])articnlarly, and every other branch imiiortant to tin.- traininiL; of the .scholar in littinp^ .iron /"/iiitu ilit.twM I'tiiviTsily .N'l'W liniiorali' Huikliiij^. him for his future career, is inculcated more or less in every course. One of the imjiortant features to be found in the various studies at ( )tlawa University is its commercial course of from one to three vears ■i 47 (liirattoti. Owiii)^ to tlu- j^roat lurd of practiral husiiK'ss idiKalioii to-day, particular i-an.- is paid to tills hrancli of studies. The stiidnit is spocially traiiK'd for husiucss by Ikmii^j Ininij^dit into actual contact willi llic cvi'ry day transactions of l)ankin^ institntions, mercantile houses and in fact every important detail of hnsiiuss life. The course of philoso])hy occupies two years, the fust of which includes intellectual philosophy, political economy, mechanics, jhysics and mathe- matics. In the second year .several studies of the previous year are contimied in hij^her jjrades, iu- cludinj:; a study of such suhjects as the hi.story of ancient and modem scholastic and coutemiioraneons philosophy, hesides fre(|Uent lectures in hoth years on phiIoso])hical and literary subjects. I.aw.studeuts at the completion of their course may compete for the dej,'rec of Bachelor of Iiis(.nt many a hard fouj^lit battle. .\.v the Canadian c]iam])ioiis of football they were for many yeans, and are to-day, almost iiuincible. The College gymnasium is one of the I'niest in Canada, and the students have the a(lvaiita<.je of their own handsome private grounds within a hundred yards of the I'liiversit)'. .\ first-class bicvcle track has receiitlv been J.iru;s Phnto. Ollaw.i riii\>Msily Inli'iior o( C'liapi'l. added to these grounds, and a new grand .stand erected to better accommodate the crowds of admir- ers who invariably witness their contests. 48 p'f TIIK MiUMAI. SrihMil.. 'I'd Ii;i\r :i ]HiiiiiiiKiit lii'riur to liai'li in :i |)iihlic si'liool ill ()iitaiiu, it is lU'Cfssaiv to obtain at least a .sfct)iKl-class ccrtiticatc. This certificate can l)c llliaua liii\i'isilv Ai'ailemu' Mall. Sfi'mtil tiiily !)>• It-aclicrs wlio have allendtd one ol the Normal schools, and passed the necessary ex- ainiiiations, during; and at the close of the session. These exaniiiialioiis are l)oth written and jiraetical. Two Xorinal schools with model or practice schools, and kinderj^arten schools as adjuncts, lia\e been established, one in Toronto and one in ( )ttawa. It is exjiected that iknI year a third will be opened in Loiulon. The Ottawa N'orinal .School wasformallyopened, under its ])rescnt principal, Dr. J. .\. MacCabc, on tile 15th September, 1S75. There are two sessions each year, and only those .stndcnts are admitted who have pa.ssed the High School junior leaviii}^ examination, and who have, PiltmvKy Photo. C'oUl'ljiall' lllsl it Ulf. as certified by the inspector under whom they served, taug^ht sncce.ssfnllv at least one vear as third class teachers. Many students, however, have taujj^ht two, three or even more years, before beinj^ admittid to the Normal .School. .An entrance ex- amination on certain su.bjects presented as a pre- paratory "readiiijj course" tiiust be pa.s.sed by each student. The subjects of " professional " stu;y to the methods of in- .strnction peculiar to each branch of study. .\ >oun}T lady who desires to liecome a regular teacher in a kindergarten school must take one year's training at any local kindergarten scIkwjI, which has been established by the Public School Hoard. .After the year's training, an examination must be passed, conducted by the education depart- ment, l)Ut the certificate gained qualifies to teach only as an assistant. The holder of such a certifi- cate becomes, however, eligible to attend either of the Normal Kindeigarteus at Toronto or Ottawa, and a year's additional course there is required in order to obtain a certificate as director. This cer- tificate qualifies for taking charge of any kindergar- ten established by a board of public schoo' . '^tees. 49 The attendance at the Ottawa Normal School for the present session is one Inuulrccl and twelve, with the followinj^ proportion of males and females: Males, tliirty ; females, eij:;hly-two. Durinjj its twenty-four years' existence, nearly five thousand students have been trained in its classes. OTTAWA COI.I.I^C.IATl-; INSTITl'TK. This school, acknowledjjed to he the leading secondary educational institution in Eastern On- tario, was established in 1S43 under the name of the (rrammar .School, and was raised to the rank of a Collegiate Institute in 1872. The ctirriculnm embraces the following depart- ments : — (1) Classics, including Oreek and Latin; (2) Mathematics, including arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry ; (3) Modern Languages, including iMeucli and (ierman; (4) English, in- cluding literature, composition, giannnar and rhe- toric, history and geogn.phy ; (5) vScience, inclnding l)otany, i)hysics, chemistry and biologN ; (6) A Commercial Department, including writing, draw- ing, book-keeping and stenography. Teachers specially qualified by scholarship, ability, ai.d experience, are in charge of the several departments of the curriculum, so that with earnest, faithful work on the part of the students, success I'KOMINKN 1 Km I ATIONAI. I'.S 1 AHI.ISIIMKN 1 S I. RiJi-ati Sill' .'I l.'oiivi"iil (k.Cl. -'. S'lsM'x Slivol Coiivi-nt (K.t.). ,?. Miss tliirinon s Silioul ior N'miiii; I.ailii's. }. lu'iirifi- Stroi'l I'lihlii- Siho il. 5. lllonii'su-r Slivi-l CoiuiMil (Ka.). (>. Kljjiii SUri't Piiblif Siliool. 7. 1'ii-sbjti.Miafi l.ailii's' L'olloKi'. S Contial Wesi I'ublii- Si'hool. Tlii' I'nblii' Sihools shown on ilu' aliovi' (^^loii;) aiv a fair ivpiosiMilalion of llu' sihools ot llu" I'itv — Tliirlv in all olwliiili jo aiv I'lolcslaiil anil 10 C'alliolii-. The Institute receives boys and girls who have passed the entrance examination, and imparts to them a thorough training, which prepares them for Imsiness, industrial, or professional life. Three classes of pupils, in large nmnbers, avail them.selves of the training imparted in the Institute : ( i ) Those who desire a more thorough and extensive luiglish and commercial education than can be obtained in the public .schools ; (2) those who wish to prejiare for any of the examinations i)rescribcd by the Kducation Department for teachers ; (3) those whose object is to enter any of the I'niversities in the faculties of arts, law, medicine, or divinity. can always be secured. I''or 35 out of the 56 years of the school's hi.story, the present Principal, Mr. Macmillan, has been identified with the work of the school. In 1S64, when Principal Macmillan began his high school work, the teaching .staff of the .school consisted only of two. The number of teachers now on the staff is twelve. The attendance ranges from 300 to 400. The large majority o( the jiupils come from the public schools of the city and from the County of Carleton, but the Institute has always had representatives from the ditferent counties in Eastern Ontario. so i hi OUR RAILWAYS AND SHIITINC; FACILITIKS. IX dwellinjj upon the many advantajjcs \vc luive to offer to capitalists relative to the establish- injj of inamifactories at Oliiwa — a(l\aiUaj;es wliieli cannot be jjainsayed — we takv' great ])ri(le in dealin; This line was further e.\- olle Junction to S wanton, nceessitatiu}^ the l)uildinj^ C. .A. K\. Xfu- (.'iMilral ni-|ii>l 10 111' Kii'i-li\l Slmrlly. C. J. Smith, I'liMUT.il Traffic Manajfi-r. 1SS2. The Ka.stern Div- ision, from Walleyfield to Laeolle, on the Riche- lieu R:ver near Rou.se's Point — a distance of 50 miles — was couslructcd in iS8_3-S4. In the .same \ear a steam car-ferry wasinauji;urated between Coteau and \'alleyfield. This ferry, however, was found inadequate, -'.r.d was replaecd in iSqo by a mapuifici'titstet '^■'ridj.fe at a co.st to th . i^oinpuiiy the jL^eneral interests of Canada is at present be- yond conce])ti()U. There can \)v no (piestion but that this eulerpri.se con- ceixed by him and suc- cessfully carried into o]K'ration, will have the cffect of j^ivinj; Mr. Pootli a foremost ])lace in the history of llie com- mercial "growth of Can- ada. ( )n the .\merican .side HufTalo is the entre- pot through which pas.ses A. W I-I.KIK, St'iri'laiv-Troiisiiivr. to our Canadian ports trade from Chicago and Du- luth, the great grain centres of the United vSfa- te.s, has engaged the attention of all the large coiu- jiauies identified with the .ship- ping interests of Canada. It was left, however, for a resident of Ot- tawa in tlie per- son of J. R. Hooth to establish and put into active operation the connecting link, the vast import- ance of which to J. !■:. Walsh, Asst. (it'll. Phss. Ag;ent. the jj^rnin of the Xoith-Wcst to Liverpool via New York. Tlic (lislanee from Chieago to Liverpool, as shown by the table below, . .^ 4,329 ni'l'.'s, that of Diihith to Liverpool 4,425 shows the distance from Cliicago ana Dulnth via Depot Ilarlior and !\Ionl- real to Liverpool, a dif- ference, in both cases, of nian\- Inuulred miles in favor of tlie latter routes. This difference is snffi- cient to e\entnally di\ert a large portion of the trade to our Caiiadian ports. M. IX'SAIDSvlN, lit'iu'ral Snpoi iiUi'iuit" The division of the C. .\. Ry. — better known as the Ottawa, Aniprior vV: Tarry vSound Railway — which connects ( )ttawa with the (ieorgian Hay at Depot Harbor, a di.s- tance of 264 miles, was connnenced in 1S91, and completed in 1S97. Under the name of the Canada Atlantic Transit Co., incorpor- ated in 1S9S, the C. .\. Ry. operate on the great lakes a fleet of fi', «. steel-clad steamships of 3,301) ton ca])acity each. These steamshijis carry shipments of grain and general freight from Chicago, Dnlnth and Mil- waukee to Depot ITarlH)r, where connection is made with the Canada .Atlantic Railway direct to Mont- real. Large grain elevators and warehouses are maintained by the company at all these ]ioints. At A. MlH S IAI.\, I. hii'l Kiifjiiii-or. C. .\. Uv. Pepol llailnir KK'vator. Ca|vn.'ilv, Huslu'ls. .Million TABI.K OF COMPARATIVE DISTANCES. Irom Duluth. From Chicago. ChiraKO to niifTalo Uiiliitli to HufTalo lIulTalo to New York Nfw York to I.ivcrix)Ol Chic;i>:o lo l)e|X)t Harbor Diiliitli to do ilo Depot Ilarlior to Monlreal Montreal to I.iverpool — Advaiit.iRe ill tlistniioe from Cliica>jo to I.iveriJiKil via Montreal 612 Do. from Diil'.ith to l.iverimol via Montrfal. Miles. Miles. 8891 9-t5 4UO 400 3,040 .;,o4o 4.4^5 4..^29 4S5 624 .179 .!79 2,S|0 2.S10 .^.'^l.^ i-''7f. e". A. Ry. Rainy Lake, Algonquin Park. 654 C. .A. Ry.--i.'oii'aii Klovator. t'apacily, 500,000 Biishols. Coteau, where elevators and warehouses are also maintained, the freight is transferred direct to the .steam.ships in Montreal harbor l)y the fleet of 35 barges and floating elevators operated by the company. The effect this new line has already had on the .shipping trade is marvellous, though but a reflec- tion of what it will become later on. In 1S9S the grain shi]v ments from the port of Montreal were increased by 13 million bushels, of which It million bushels were carried by the Canada At- lantic Railway. .\n important feature of this line ha b.een the effect it has had in opening up the rich country through t,'. .A. Ry. I nlo.iiliiin Ctiain I'lom oiii' ol Co. s Stoamsliips ■It Hopot Harbor. Co III 1)11 Alj co\ sa which it passes. .Some of the ver\- l)est farm lands in Ontario arc to be found in this district, and settlers are j^oin^; in rapidly, owinjj; to the advant- ajres afforded them by the rail\va\-. This line also passes through the Alj;on(iuin National I'ark, a reserve of over 2,000 square miles, set apart by the Ontario (io\cnnnentfor all time tocon:c "for the benefit and enjoyment of the public." Tins magnifi- cent park lies between the Oeorgian Hay and the ( )tta\va River, and is one of the most remarkable re- gions of lake and stream, jninieval forest and rock that can be found anywhere. It is a large game preserve, a rishernian's paradise, a .source of water supply, a field for re-forestry operations, and a natural sani- tarium. Fully fifty per cent, of its surface is .said to be water, and it is estimated that there are about 1,000 beautiful lakes and lakelets within its boundaries. The illustrated folder issued by the com])any, which can be easily obtained on applica- tion, describes fulh' the many remarkable features of this park, which is undoubtedh' destined to be- Lancejielii Photo. C. .\. Kv. — Intorior V Car. ? effect it through Lattcefietd Photo. C. A. Rv. Mriilgi' .Viios-, Si. Lawiviui" Uivor come one of the .shooting and fishing resorts the most frc(|uented by tourists probably in .Vmerica. Speaking of the park, the liiiffalo /■Iiit/iiinr of June 27, 189S, has the following: — "dreat Came I'ark; Canada has 0110 of the finest in North Anurica ; .Streams full of Trout ; Two weeks spent in the .MK'inquin Treserve hy Dr. M. R. .McMichael. "Dr. H. R. McMiehacl, of No. iji O.xfonl .Vve., returned on Thursday last from a two weeks' trout tishiiifi; trip in the .Mj^ontinln National I'ark. Dnlario. He and his ]iarty with their j,'uides were in the park for two weeks, and in their travels covered a distance of about 120 miles. ' We began our trip by water in Canoe Lake," says Dr. McMiehael. ' I'rom that point o\n- route was as follows: To Joe Lake, Island I.ake, Otter .Slide I.ake, While Trout I.ake, I.oi j; I.ake, Red I'ine Lake, Unrnl I.ake. I'erley I.ake, Catfish Lake and to Cedar Lake, where we turned and went back to White L'isli Lake. * * ■ ' .\l Otter Slide Lake, on the way in, we reached the waters of the I'etewawa River, which is a lar>;e stream and flows throu)ili a number of lakes, .\boiit four miles from the point where the river enters Cedar Lake it flows over a falls that are about liftv feet hij,di. From the falls to the lake the river is a whirliiij; rapids. The tri|) was made in canoes. Over the route we went there are about twenty-four places where we had to carry our canoes, provisions and outfit overland. None of these ])orta).;es are very loii){. They average one-lhird of a mile.' Dr. McMichael then gives the regulations t)f the park, and states : ' There are lots of deer, moose ami bear in the park. We .saw two moose, fifteen deer and four bears. The deer and moose are not at all wild They seem to know that they are under the protection of the (lovernment, ami it is not hard to gel near enough lo them to make photographs of them. The park is the paradise of the brook trout fisher- man. Troutarefound ill all the rivers. They are ganiey fellows and rise readilv to the fly. The largest t.iken by our jjarty weighed three aiul one-half pounds. We caught a great many two ponnilers, and we ale brook trout until we were tired of the smell and taste of them. Our guiunds on their back over the portages. The park is practically a strange laiicl to the ciuoeist and fisherman, but it is undoubtedly de.stineil to be the best cani])iiig, canoeing and fishing grounds in Canada. Coiii- biniug as it does, health, recreation, etc., it has been welllerineil the " roof of Ontario.' " The pa.sscnger serxice on all the lines of the Canada .\tlantic Railwav is an entirely efficient one and well conducted. Mr. Cliamberliu, the (ieueral Manager of the company, is loo well known as one of the most capable railway men in Canada to re- quire to be written of further, and all the other Interior Dining Car, I'-^r^ Luncufitld Photo. C. .\. Kv. U iliio I'.iss. officials of the Canada .\tlantic Railway are energetic yimng men trained in the school of to-day, undevstanding fidly the best interests of the com- pany and the requirements of the public. S3 CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY. By the lines of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which stretch out from ( )ttawa in several directions, every important point in Canada and the United States is conveniently reached. '■' f Ottawa is comiccted with Montreal l)y the com- pany's roads that ])arallel both hanks of the Ottawa River. The new vSliorl Line on the Ontario side which passes Cale- donia vSprinjrs, a noted health resort, rednces the time l)etwevn the two Capitals to less ihan 2j4 hours by its fast express trains. The comjxmj's line on the eastern or Quebec bank touches several towns from which easy access is j^ained to the cele- brated fishin,tj waters of the Laurentians, and from Ste. Therese the Labtlle branch of the C. P. R. penetrates these picturescjue hills for over a hundred miles, .\nother line runs from ( Htawa to Toronto, the Capital of Ontario, with branches to Prescott and Hrockville on the .St. Lawrence River, where a^ain connectinj; .\merican roads are met. Within short distance of Ottawa are the great fishin<4 waters and shoolintr t^ronnds for which the Upper Ottawa is noted. .\monj;st these is the Tcni- iscaniin<4' country, reached by the Canadian Pacific II. H. Si'i:nii:r, niv. Supi'riiili'iuli'iit, I'.l'.Uy. C P. Ry. Mriiljfi- al Wuiiliviiil, Short l.iiu' Hi'twivii OUawa and .MonlR'al. Railway, which although but as yet little known, is destined to become a f;i\i)rite resort for tourists and a rendezvous for anglers and hunters, for no- where are greater opportunities for sport offered than in its virj^in wilds. OTTAWA AM) Nl-AV VOKK RAILWAY. The last, and one of the most important, rail- ways to ctnne into existence is the < )ttawa and Xew York line, which was commenced in the .summer of 1897. The building of this road is the outcome of the growing trade between ( )ttawa and the principal points in Ontario. It will also give us quick connection with New York and the American market, a very important feature, and one calcula- ted to advance the general interests of the city and as.sist in developing our nianufaeturing indu.strie.s. Work was connnenced in the sunnner of I1S97, and the line has been in operation between Ottawa and Cornwall since July, 189S. The bridge now in course of erection over the St. Lawrence River at Cornwall, at a cost to the company of $1,000,000, will be the connecting link which will enable a through service to ])e established to New York. This is anticipated by the management of the com- pany t(j take place in the fall of this year, by which time the construction of the line will be completed. The time between Ottawa and New York will be shortened by four hotns, a considerable saving on a short run, and the service will be in every respect a very efiicient one. The business of the company is growing rapidh-, and by the time the road is (.'. P. Ry. -HriclKt- Ovor Ottawa \\Wo<: fully completed, will have assumed large ])ropor- tions. Connection is made with the (irand Trunk Svslem at Cornwall, giving us direct access to many important points hitherto only reached by circuitous routes. Mr. Henry W. Oa\s, the recently appointed general manager, is a railroad man of 25 years' exjierience, con- nected at different times willi some of the fore- most lines in the United States. The president, Mr. C. H. Hibbard, is also widely known in railway circles, and a man who midenstands thoroughly the recpiire- ments of this important line. The head oflFice of the company is at Ottawa, where business is transacted for the entire road. .\ branch office is maintained at New York and another at Cornwall. 11. \V. llAVS, Cu-ii. .\Iki., O. & N. Y. Ry. sri ni tl fi ai OTTAWA AND GATINKAU RAILWAY. The Ottawa and (iatineau, which runs from Ottawa to Gracefield, sixty miles north, was com- pleted some fonr years to its present temporary termiiins. It is the intention, however, in th . near fntnre to continne the line on to Maniwaki, some twenty-eijrht miles farther on, which will be its permanent terminus, although the charter extends to James Bay, and we may see trains running through to that point at some future date. The country through which tlie line extends and will continne througli, is noted as one of the greatest lumbering districts and one of the richest mineral sections in North America. For years ])ast the hnnberman's axe has been busy at work tliroughout this vast region, and millions of logs have been l)rought down thetkitineau river and its tributaries by some of the largest lumber firms in the country. It is only a question of time when large saw mills will be built throughout these hear of very rich strikes. For sportsmen and tonri.sts this beautiful region is fa.st becoming favorite ground. The excellent hunting and fishing, pure air and beautiful scenery speak- ing for themselves. It is the home of the black bass and trout, both speckled and grey. The ba.ss lakes and trout lakes and streams almost covering the country, for you are hardly ever out of sight in some sections of a lake or stream, and they are all good fishing waters, ecpial to any in America. It is nothing for a single rod to take from fifty to a hundred pounds of bass H. J. Bek.mkr Presidi-m, O. & G, Ry. O. & C'l. Ry. Iiili'iproviiu'i.il Mriiltfi' ill Ottawa --'.iTuloi' (."oiistnutioii. limits, and the lumber .sawn right on the ground and shipped all rail instead of what has been done in the jjast — float tlie logs to Ottawa and cut there. .\s to minerals, the Gatineau is indeed rich. in a day — and beauties, too — they nui up as high as si.x and a half pounds. The hunting is equal in e\er\- way to the fishing, red deer, bear, and part- ridge, duck, &.C., being very plehtiful. The red Bridjfe .it Maiiiw.iki I'liliiiv Tormiinis O. & ll. Ky. The line extends right through the heart of the Laurentian mountains, almost every foot, we might .say, of which is rich with mineral deposits. The mica, asl)estos, iron, and other mines, being known throughout the country as very rich indeed. The future pro.spects for mining in the Gatineau liills are very bright, and we shall not be surprised to O. &. O. Ky. Koik Cut. 55 deer especially so, the country Ijcinji fairly alive with them. They seem to he incveasinj^- (liniiii,' the past few years if anything. Moose and Carilxni may also Ix" got hy going in ahout twenty-five n\iles from terminns of line. roNTI.VC I'.XCIKK' jlNCl'ION UAII.W.W. The IVmtiac Pacific Jnnetion Railway, hnilt The marketahle value of these deposits i- niuines- tionahle, provided of cour.se the expense in hand- ling the ore can he hronglit within a rtvusonable figure. The co.st of trans])ortation, which would otherwi.se play an important part, is, owing to the cheap .shipping rates over our water-wax .s, practi- cally at a minimum. The entire difllculty rests with the co.st of working the mines, which can he over- come by having some fifteen years ago, runs n o r t h w e s t from Ottawa following a- long the ( )tta- wa river for .seventy miles to Walthani, its present terminus, op- posite Pem- broke. It is the intention, however, to bridge the ri- ver and make Pembroke the \'u'w> on I'. I'. J. ;iiul O. ..V ('•. Kys. extends A lar<>e headipiarlers. This line through a magnificent farming country, quantity of grain and other prodoce is shipped froni different points every year, there being ten grain elevators situated at different points along the line. This district, like its sister, the Caliueau, is rich in mineral, the galena, mica and other mines being numerous, especially the galena, on Calumet I.sland, opposite CanipbeH's Bay, a sta- tion on this railway. The mines there are very rich indeed, and already a large amount of ore has been taken out and shijjped. The rich mineral deposits which exist all througli this country, will no doul)t materi- ally assist in its development. In inauy instances mines liaving valuable deposits cannot be oper- ated owing to the matter of ex- pen.se, which necessarily plays an important ])art in working them .satisfactorily. The higli cost of smelting under tlie pre- sent systems renders their devel- opment inipractical)le, that is in the majority of eases. This difll- culty, however, can be overcome. recourse to the water powers to be found in every locality where these mines are located, for the purpose of gener- ating electricity. Tile utilization of electrical fur- naces for smelting ])urposes is re- cognized as probably the very l)est process available today. Above all, the small cost attach- ed to operating mines in this manner renders an additional value to the proce.s.s. It is un- doubtedly worthy the close atten- tion of capitalists to further en- (luire into the matter of operating these mines by utilizing the na- tural water power of the Ottawa \'alley. As a sporting territory tlie Poii- tiac is the equal of the Gatineau, it being practically a con- tinuation west of the .same country. The lakes are numerous and well stocked, and the hunting is " par excellence " — the sportsnian's delight, country we would e([ual] with the (iatiueau. 1'. W. Ul-SSKMAN C'li'iu'f.il Sii|H'riiiliMiili'iil, O. iV I'.. ,uk1 v. \\ ,|. Ry. M. 1.. .M M.l liV Si'iio iiiv-T ii'.iMiivr, o & C. ami '. 1'. .1. Uy. As a sp )rtin 4 and tour St reeoiumend tlie 1 'outi ac Maniwaki (Dcsort) l"iil\iiv Ti'rniimi> of O. it G. Uy. 5« THK OATINKAU— OTTAWA X'AMJCV. Canada's i-inkst si'ortinc. tickkitokv. In the course of the last few years tlie travel which has been diverted to the (latinean of tourists and sportsmen from all parts of America is jilieno- deal. There are many renowned resorts in Canada and the United States, but we can safely say that none offer the same variety of sport — not to speak of the beauties of the lakes and rivers, forests and streams — to be found in the (iatineau. To the sportsman this country is a veritable j^aradise, nor iM^^^. Aloiif^f till- LiiK" of tile OLtiiw.i aiul tiatitie;iii Railway. is the sport available confined to any jiarticukir species, nor tu any particular locality, but is of every description, and abounds on all sides from one end of the vallev to the other. mcnal. Since the opening up of this country by the ( )ltawa and (iatineau and the I'ontiac and Pacific Junction Railwa\s its reputation for sport of everv variet\' has spread far and wide. The close proximity to Ottawa, which makes it so easy of access from all points, has certainly done much towards cncouraj^ini; touri.sts to visit it, but the main rea.son of its enjoying so much popu- larity is the fact that it bears out fidly the most glowing accounts that are constantly being pub- lished, and this is ccr- taitUy saying a great Scenes on the Ottawa and Gatineau Railway. 57 As a rule there are two kinds of sportsmen : the one who liunts first and jjoes Iionie afterwards, and the one who reverses this order of thinj^s. Tlie former finds no inconvenience in entorinjr practic- ally unexplored tracts in search of his prey, whereas the latter is discouraged, or even disgusted, at little or nothing. Your true sportsman en- joys himself probably more than any other human being. To him the difficulties of the chase form one of its greatest attractions, and he would not thank you to relieve him of any of them. If when hunt- ing he is close on the scent, he may go hours without giving a thought to either food or rest. Me has but the one object before him, and piu- sues it to the end — whether it be bitter or sweet. When fishing a great change takes place in him, he can be as patient as Job. Though in mau\- respects he is a careless man, the dexterity and mathematical pre- cision with which he lands a "speckled beauty " from the turbulent waters of a fast running brook would puz/le a Chinese expert. The life of a keen amateur sportsman (who might belong to any walk in life) is undoubtedly an enjoyable as well as an exceedingly healthy one. In the attrac- tions the (iatineau lias to offer can be found keen amusement for every cla.ss of sportsmen. The existing conveniences with regard to the pro- ' per accommodation which enter into the '.-al- eulatious of u e a r 1 >• all sportsmen, offer almost every- thingthatcould be desired. Ho- tels with good J. Ry. P.vr (.^llaw.i \;illc\ ^ff> O. & G. Ry. — Scenes in llio C".;iti;K'.i-.i— Ottawa Valley. 58 accommodation are to be found in every dis- trict. The rates are reasonable, and few, if any, inconveniences are to be met with. There are a number of pretty villages, popu- lated during the sum- mer months mostly by residents of ( )ttawa, many of whom have built substantial cot- tages. vSailing, boat- ing and canoeing are much indulged in, and not confined to any particular district. The lakes and ri\ers are innumerable, and the sccner\- vers' pretty in conse(|Uence. All along the (latiueau River, as well as its tributaries, the falls and rapids to be met with at every turn add greatly to the beauty of the surroundings. There is considerable life in these districts while the shooting and fishing seasons are on. vS|)i)rtsnien have the advantage of being- able to return to the Capital at any time without seriously in- terfcrinj^ with their sport. The service on both rail- ways to ;iii(l from all points aloiijj^ the routes is rapid, and enables one to transfer to a new scene of o]X'ration with little or no tronble. Coninintation trip tickets are issued by the company every year, necessary information relative to the i)rovincial g'Mwe laws. The.se pnblications invariably con- tain illnstrations in half-tone enj^ravinj^s of iishinjj and shootinjj; .scenes of considerable interest. They can be had by applyinjj to the company's head office Resorls in llio (."laliiu'aii and Ponliac Districts Ottawa \';Uluv. reduciiijj^ the expense of travelling to a mininnim. This has the eftect of brins^inir out constantly a great numlier of residents of Ot- tawa. As a health resort the (•atineau is tinsnrpa.ssed. The air is pure and invigorating, the tem- perature even, and the weather relial)le ; the valley being pro- tected from sudden changes. To sum up, the (kitineau — from every standpoint — is a resort of the first order. It is becoming better known e\ery >ear, the glowing accounts of those who have paid it a visit acting as an incentive to those wdio have hitherto neglected to avail themselves of the beauties of its meadows and lakes, or the sport in its streams and forests. For the convenience of the general public, the management of the Ottawa and Gatineau and I'ontiac Pacific Junction Railways i.ssue yearly a very handsome illustrated booklet, describing fully the various districts of the Gat- ineau Valley, together with all the at Ottawa, where any further information that be desired is cheerful I v given. mav Sporting Scenes in the Gatineau and Pontiac Districts — Ottawa V'.illey. 59 1^!; INTKRCOI.ONIAI. RAIIAVAV. Tlir liislory of llir IntiTcoloiiial Railwav is iiilii woven willi till- sloty of Canadian Confcdiia- lion, in llu- acconiplislunc-nt of wliiili it was an iin]>oilaiit factor in rispirt to Ont-hic and tlie Maritinu' Provinces. 'I'lir oti;;inaI idea was a line to I'onnicl Halifax with (Jmhrc i-ity, and wlun Confrdiialion ln'cainr an aci-oniplislud fai-l, tlii' portions of till' line already Imilt by the pro\iiicial j^overn- nienls in N'ova vScotia and New Mrnnswiek became parts of tile system. Nine years later, in 1S76, the line was eomiileted to Ri- viere (hi l.onp, the ('.rand Tnink Kail- way having i)re- vionsly hnilt from lAvis to the latter point, and thns tln' Intercolonial Rail- way, as orijjinally proposed, was com- l)leted. The total ienj^th of line was then ahont 782 miles. The admi.s- sion of 1 Mi nee h'd- ward Island to the Federal nnion snh- seipiently added the railway of that province to the systt'm, while Liter Ihe ac(pnsition of the Nova vScotia line to the .Strait of Canso, and the constrnclii 'i of the Cape Breton Railway very materially increa.sed the lent^th and importance of the Intercolonial. In iSij- the Intercolonial was extended from (Jnel)ei' to Mon- treal by the short line, so that the .sy.stem of the ])resent da\' has a leni^lh of abont 1,550 miles, or ^reat tourist counlrx of Canada. In this are in- cluded the famons salmon and front streams, the e(|nally famed ^ame regions of New nrnnswiek, the seaside and other slimmer resorts of all tlu' Maritime I'ro\ inces, and sin li ideal placis as I'rince I'Mward Island and Cape Hieloii. '1 hi' Inter- colonial is now itpiippid with solid \i\stil)iiK' trains, luMirioiislv fninislud, which nialsi (|iiiik time to all points oil till' syslini. The lolliii).; stock of .ill .Al.UMi nil Im lUHM.i'MAI IvMIWW. I. iM.iiul M.lis l''iilK, ^iii'. (. Si'cn I'lii i>iif;li M Tuiitu-1. NiMi' C'.iiii|i1h-II(iiii, \.H. liy I ill- All.iiilii- Sliinf. .Miiiiissfv l\,>ik .iiul runiii'l. .i. Al H.iy Slioi-i', Si. JoIhi, X.H. (). ri\i- Hnv i>r l''iiiul\ Sim I'. Mi't'tin^ of I lu' Will ITS Kt'sli^oiii'lu' anil .MrtapiHli.i !iiti'ri-oIoiii;iI l\ai]v\.-i\' (loul)le the mileage contemplated in the orijj^inal l)roject. The Intercolonial Railway has not only a most important bearinj.; on the commerce of the country between the west and .Atlantic jiort.s, but in the eastern portion of Oiiebec and in the Maritime Provinces it traverses what is rccofjni.sed as the fx) kinds, indeed, has beiii l)i(>iiL;hl fulK alm-asl of all tlu reipiireiiK Ills of Hit.' lime. The road lud of the liiH' is of an espei-ially substantial character, and the lonle abounds vvilli splendid specimens of liiid.L^e slrnclnre', etc. .Since the lutereolouial was extended to Montreal and the line was broiij^ht into coni])etitioii with other larj.;e railway com- |ianies, tlu- i)assenf;er sirv ici' has been extended to meet all the requirements of the increased volume of l)iisiiiess. This extension li.is further had the elTcct of placiiii; the Capital in dinct t-oiii 11111 ni cat ion — without chau.ne of car.s — with all points in the Mari- time l'ro\inces. This prac- tically <;i\es ( )ttawa a new l)asseu<^er service, the ad- vautai.je of which to the <;eneral ]iul)lic will un- doubtedly iiiaki' itself felt ill the iie.'ir future. AmoU}4 the more notable biiildiu}.;s are the de- pots al ,Sl. John, Halifax and Monclou. The general ofllces of the Intercolonial Railway are at the latter city. I). I'oltiu,!.;er, (icneial Manaj^er ; John M. Lyons, C.eiieral l'a,sseii}.;er Aj4eiit ; J. J. Wallace, (icncral Freij^ht Ajreiit. SKAT oi- 'rilP: MiDlikAL (.oVlvRXMHNT. ^TAHIC si'Ki'tiiui, hy IKi M.ijrstv tlic (Jiu in, ol I ()tlaw;i iislliisitr I'm tlu' I'ailiaiiKiil I'.iiilil iii^s liail a iiiaUiial ilTii'l ii])iiii tlu- wtlt'au and advaiuiiiuiit nf tlu- litv, and tlic visit nf [\\v I'rinci' of Walts in iSdn, I'oi llu- pui \»>-.v ..I' la\ inj; llu CdiiU'i si (in I', may l)r niaikfd as a led ii'ttri (lay in llir ral- (.iidaiof till' Ot tawans. 'IMir passaj^f (if tlu' liiitish N'orlli Anici iia Ail in iS()7l)\llif l{ii- lislil'ai lianunt, and till' roUM- (|iunt Cdiifi'di'i atioii (if thf foil! principal I'lo- vinci'S, rpprr and I.DVVir Can- ada, N(.w 1511111- swiok and N'o\a .Scotia, with tlu' siat (if ( i(i\iin- iiunl fdi till' youii)^ Ddinin- ion at ( )tta\va as tlir Capital, cstalilislii'd the futuir i)r(ispfiily of the cit\-. 'Pile lidiiR' of the natidii, tlu l'ailiai:ieiit Hiiild- iiij^s, dislinyuished for heaiitN d,' ontline and tinth- fiil iidhility of detail, re]iiiseiu the purest style of (iolhic aichileclnie, and visitors instinet- ively diieet thein- sehes thither when si<^lit-seeinj4. I)nrin)4 tlie Session of rarlianieiit, the \voikin<4 of the lej^is- lalive inaehine is a study in itself. Under the provis- ions of the H. N. A. Act, as embodied in their eonslitntioii, Canadians have all till' earmarks of an over - j;(>\erned peo- ple. The Act pro- \i(les tli.it the I'Vderal ( "id\eriiiiKnt shall lie coin posed of the Cniwn, the Senate and tlii' Cdiiimons h,„i.„ n,..u, M.iiii I'iiiii.ui,-.- I I'Mli.il Itlo.k. /'/((iiii'.ii; /'/ic.di. M;iiii l'!iili'.(iu'>- 1(1 I'.'ii li.iiiii'iil Hill. At present llie Conmioiis consist of .ji.^ nieiiiliers, eleeted 1)\ the peojiie ; this iinmher is, of course, \ari,il>le, a-i \aiialioii of population may reipiirc. The Senate consists of Si meinhers, ap]iointed for life ; this is the li.xed limit lo the iinmher in tiic rp])er IIoiisc, except in tile event of Newfonndlantl heinj; admitted into Confcderatidii, in which case s'.natoii.il lepiistntatioii for tlii' island is pio\ided hy the Constitution. 'IMiere arc Ihns 213 mcmhcrs of I'arlianunt and Si .Siiiators for a ])opnlation of live millions, as aj^ainsl 223 memhers, lepiesentinn seveiitv millions odd, in the Congress df the I'liited States.' 'I'hc Commons, the representative hody, is direilly elected hy and ri'spdiisihlc lo the ]ieo|ile. It is necessary for the Administration to applv to the people for ciKloisenieiil after live years in power, and the Constitution demands that not more than a vear elapse hetween .Sessions of the House. It will lie seiii, tlunfore, that ( )ttawa has the henelit of the iirescnce of the country's Legislators for a larjjc portion of every year. The function of Parliament is to make laws for the j^oMiiiiiiriit of Canada in all matters not e.\- cliisivel\ assigned to the I'ldvincial Kej^islattires by the Coiistitntioii. The scheme upon which the .Senate was created was, that it assist in the makinj^ of such laws. Members of tlu' Sinate beinj^ ap- pointed for life, and their nnmbir bein>^ restricted, that House is independent of ]iublic a])])roval. Iiiteiided as a cheek on hasty lej^islation, the I'lijier I louse ma\', nndi'r conceivable conditions, become a check or obstrnctioii to all or any lej^islation. .\11 .\ets jia.ssed by the two Houses are subject to the as.sent of the rciiresentativc of the Crown before bic(imin<4 '•'^\'- This assent, of course, is ranh' withheld, ICi'i'ix'rs (II' ■I'lir; .\\NI'.\I. .SlsSSKlN. The annual mecl- in<4 of Parliament is the can.sc of a mark- ed increase of social and cdinmeriial ac- tivity in the Capital. In the latter resi)ect, of recent ye;irs, the I'lTccl has iidl been so noticeable owinj^ to the independent development of the city aloii;^ the lines of its natural re- sources. ( )n the other hand from a .social .standpoint, the .Session means to OtUava what "The .Season" represents to lyondon 61 Society. In a comtncrcial sense, the arrival of some tlircc Imndrcd lej^jislators with, in many cases, llieir families ; the apjx-arance of a considerahle army of clerks and sessional oflicials, en^aj^ed solely in I'arliamentary work, and the temporary sojourn in the city of deputation;, contractors and others, havinp business with the (iovernment, undouhtedly cause the circulation of much money. .\ general impetus is ^iven to the husiness of hotels and trades- men, with the natural resuL of a corresponding effect upon other lines of industry. The approach of the day named for the a.s- .sembly of Parliament is marked in the "Huildinjjs" by a fjciieral rehabilitation of the chand)ers and appartments, and a perceptible acceleration of the usual leisurely official mo\ emeuts. The ( )peniuj; admission to the Senate Chamber. They are enter- tained by the military band attached to the j;uard of honor that waits upon Her Majesty's rejjresenta- tive, and by the e.xercise of the popular privile>^e of criticising^ the stately dames and dainty demoiselles as they arrive in ma^jnificent toilet to jj^race the ceremony. Olhcials in j;ay uuiform.s, w(>rn with more or less ea.sc, run the ^^atmllet of personal com- ment on their appearance. Chaff of these is in the main j^ood natured, althouj.ili sometimes as pointed as a ba\onet and as heavy as a ^un butt. The crowninjf fjlory of the display is the arrival of the (iovernor-(ieneral. His departure from the official residence, Rideau Hall, is heralded to the crowd bv the first >j;un of an artillery salute, fired from Xepean Point, which hacks upon Parliament Hill. liefore Utficipeld Photo. t'l'iilr.il Uldik lIiHisf i>r t'oiiiiiuins .iml Si-ii.ili'. Day it.sclf is regarded by the public as the occasion of a demonstration of pomp and circumstance for their special delcctaticm. The gorgeous ceremonies, without which, it appears, Parliament is unable to get to work, arc modelled on the practice in vogue in the Mother Country. The performance of them in Canada has been likened, by hypercritical ob- servers, to the effort of a small boy to wear with dignity his daddy's hat. Nevertheless, the scene is interesting, and not altogether unimpressive when the origin of the formalities is considered. The well-kept grounds about the buildings swarm with a mass of spectators, in which, as usual, women predominate. These are the less fortunate, or less socially important, who have been unable to .secure the twenty-one gun salute allowed to the representa- tive of Ro\alty has been fired, a four-horsed car- riage, or sleigh, guided by po.stillious, and sur- rounded by a glittering escort of brass-helmeted cavalry, arrives with a swing and a clatter. Here is His l^xcellency, with members of l:is staff. The guard of honor salutes, the band strikes up the National Anthem, a loyal cheer ari.ses from the crowd, the Governor-( ieneral raises his cocked hat, and disappears in the I?nildings, and the outside demonstration is suspended. The Spkixii Fro.m thk Tiikoni;. The scene within the Senate Chandler on the appearance of the Vice-Regal party is most brilliant. 62 Till- Chaiiihcr itself, willi its stately arclii- tictnivaiKl luxuriant appoiiitiiuiits, is spe- i-iallv ipialified as a littiii)^ hiiek j^tkiiikI til tile spleiKluiii- of tlic speetaele. The j,Mlleries and floors are eiowded witli ladies in elaborate costumes. Kadics and uniforms arc tlie ])redniiiinatinjj fea- tures of the picture presented. About the dais are )^rou])cd members of the Cab- inet arrayed in Court costmne, Senators, the Chief Justice and Ju•», N % i^ Jiimia Pliulo. Hon. Sir Anoi.nii; l akon, I\A'..M.C".., M.l'., CoiiMTV alive, Tliivi' Kivi'is & St. .M.-iiiiiio. Hon. Siu im.\ui,i;s Hii'.hi.ki '1 i 1'I'i:k, K.i.'..M.i;.. M.l'., I'liTisiM-v.-ilivf, I'iiUm. Hon. J. C: H.\(;i;.\m, M.l'. CelllM'IV.llivi', Liiiiai'k, S. Riding. Hon. N. (. . Wai.i.uk, M.l'., L'onstTV ali\t', \ork, |0.), W. UiiliiiK;. Hon. Sik v. maiu.i.s 'I'l imm.k, Haim., .M.l', l.o.uloi of till' t'lppo^ilioii. Hon. \V. H. Montai;i k, M.l'. CoiisiMvalivo, Haldiniatid. Hon. John CosruiAN, M.P., Coiiserviilive, Victoria, N.B. J. G. II. HiKlilKON, M.l'., Conservative, Heuuhariiois, ianetfitid Photo; 70 PROMINENT SENATORS AND MIvMHKRS OI< PARLIAMENT. Hon. Donald Keroi son. Senate. tiuiiififlil Photo. Hon. G. \V. Allan, Senate litinffifht Phulo Hon. Pktik Mi S\vkkni:v, Senate. 1'.. Laitcefield Photo. Hon. KoHKKi B. IIukkv. Senate. LaiKefielil Phnlo. Wos. Sir Maikknzik Howki.l, K.C.M.G. Senate. Lniwfjield Photo. Hon. David Wark, Senate. Topley Photo. Hon. G. a. Drlmmond, Senate. Lat >fieli:ai soi.Kii., M.P,, l.ilicnil, Ri'illiiiT. >jkjf L'ft 1. I'KOl I.X, M.P., Lilx-ral, Pn-siolt. ■I Jarvis Phoiaa. H. CoEiHV, Ksc., M.P., Conservative, Hasting-s, (\V. R.) t.anotfitl s Phulu. R. I'UlUONTAlNi:, M.I'., l.ilH'iiU, Maisoneuvo. Pittawiiy Photo. N. A. Hi-uoiUT, M.P., Liberal, Ottawa. '! 1 J ! i I 73 r; ] ' , ,■ " • ' ■ i 1 I'ROMINKNT SENATORS AND MKMHHRS ()!• I'ARMAMKNT. Hon. L. Ci. PmvKK, Senate. Hon. J. (.'. AiKKNS, Si'iiati'. \V. C. Kdwauos, M.l'., l.ibtM'al, KiisM-ll. \. I'. n.wi.N, M.l'., t'oriM'iviitivi-, As>.inil)oi.i, \V. lliOKci-: Ta\ [.UK, M.l'., I'onserv.itivo, Loi'ds (.S.R.) W. J. I'Ol l-OKK, .M.l'., Libi'iiil, I'oiitiac. Ali.k.s- llAM-V, M.l'., Liberal, Hants. Lancafitid Photo9, T. C. Casiikai.n. M.l'., Conservative, Montmorency. 74 Hon. D. TisDAi-K, M.P., Conservative, Norfolk (S.R.) PROMINKNT MKMnKRSjOI- PARMAMKXT. Jamks Si iiiF-.ui.ANii, M.r., l.iluT.il, Oxloiil, (N.K.). P. C. I'HASIU, M.I'., I.ilx'i'.'tl, l'niysl)i)rounli. \\M. Ill IIIIISO.S, M.l'., l.ib.Tiil, lllt.iw.i. l"i. Uandkrkin, .M.P., l.ilHMal, C'.ic-v, {S.K.I. JosKPii J. TiiKi:i<, .M.l'., Liberal, St. John, (.N'.H.). M. J. I". Oi I.SN, M.l'., C"i)iiMMv;ilivi-, Moiilroal, (Si. .\cins). SAMIKI. lIllillKS, M.P., Consorvativo, X'ioloria, (C), N.K. Lanetfitid Phoioa. Jim. P/i(i(,i. .\. Mtl,K.\.NAN, M.r., Conservative, Iiiveriies.s. llox. K. c;. Wuoii, M.l'., Conservative, Victoria, H.C. A (;av capital. AI/rHOUC.H not the largest city in Canada— l)eiiijr still very yoting — (Ottawa is a strik- iiij^ly li:ni(Isal Conrt if yon will, bnt the leadinj^ personage in tliat Court is the personal rei)resentative of the anjjjust lady who rnles over our great Hritish I'lmjiire, on whose domains the sun never .sets. Many of the customs and cour- tesies traditional of the old monarchial days, before demo- cracy had asserted its brusqueness to mar their grandeur, still hold sway in the Vice-Regal Court at Ottawa. The halo which surrounds it may be only reflected light from the Couit of St. James, but it is sufficiently puis- santtoca.st a glamour over the city, and to attract to it numbers of gay social moths and butterflies from all parts of the country. (1 o V e r n m e u t l\k\c House or — as it is better known — Rideau Hall, nestles among pine trees and cedars on rising ground on the east side of the wild little Rideau River. Its queer chimneys, its odd corners and low lines of grey walls may be clearly seen from any part of the opposite .shore when the trees are KmIIcss in winter, bnt in sumnur only the chimneys and tlag.stafl' are distinguishable. In summer-time, to really have a good look at Rideau Hall, it is neccs.sary to drive up the shady avenue, and peihaps make the excuse of going in to inscrilie one's name in the " visitor's book." That is what most people do on coming to Ottawa. This is an iin])orlant procedure, as there is no other "open sesame " to the dinners and balls of (iovern- nienl House. Writing one's name in the visitor's book does not always ensure an invitation, but without that there is no possibility of being invited. On close inspection, Rideau Ilall may not i)rove .so impressive as when seen from afar, but l)ecau.se it is the official residence of the representative of Royalty it is always interesting. It has been con- siderably added to since it was first pni chased by the (io\ernnient from Mr. McKay, and the varied styles of architecture which successive (iovernors (ieneral, with a taste for expansion, have added, give to the entire mansion a picturesiiuciiess worthy of stiuK'. W'iien one hears tliat the toboggan slide and the curling link were put up by Lord Duffcrin, the raccinet court by Lord Lome, the chapel by Lord .Xberdeen, one gets an insight into the pursuits and inclinations of these great men. The (iovernor- Oeiieral has important duties of .state to perform, such as the formal o])eniiig and closing of Parlia- ment, holding levees and drawing-rooms, and is not infreipiently occu- pied in opening ])ublic buildings, liospitals, and other institutions in dif- ferent cities, and, of course, the laying of corner- stones often falls to his lot ; but the people of Ottawa consider that his first and foremost impor- tant duty is to see that his aides-de- camp are kept busy sending invitations to the many enter- tainments which he is supposed to give. As a rule the people of Ottawa are not disappointed. Since the days of the dis- tinguished P^arl of DufTerin and his ])opular ladv, when the hospitality shown was something phenomiual, there have been gay times at (ioverument House. A fancy ball given by Lord and Lady Dufferin at Rideau Hall » '. lall CiO\ crnoi-(uMU'i;irs Uosiik'tiif. 76 IS still rcmciuhcrcd as one of the most briliant ej)is(),dit parties of the .same description thrown in ; dinners — and ^(ood order, j^iven almost constantly by our leadintj lioste.s.ses, and few cities can boa.st of beinj; more hosi)itable than we are. His Kxcelleiicy's staff usually consists of four or five younjj luijjlishmen belonjj;in^ to smart regi- ments at home. .\t the .State functions these "aides" wear the uniforms of their respective rej^iments, on less pretentions occasions they are distin>,niished by coloured faciu<,rs on their eveniii),' coat.s. The members of the present staff wear facings of li^;ht blue velvet. Their presence at any function, either in or out of uniform, is considered I;i;;hly desirably. In fact, no larjje ball or reception is (piite " Hall marked " unless it be ^jraced by at least one or two rei)re,sentatives from (iovernment IIou.se. All smart musicals, or dramatic events, ... r L 1^ d m mm !flr>':^I^^^^^H • ^'•m ^ Liint-efield Photo. Drawing-Room — Speaker's Chambers, House of Commons. lanalieU Plwlo. Kei'i'plioii-Kooiii ailjoiiiiiij; I'oiiscrv.Hlory -Kideaii Mall. are held under " \'ice-Re}4al patronage." I'acu thouj^h their Kxcelkucies may be "unavoidably detained," this patronajj^e invariably insures the success of the undertakinji^. Ottawa has two distinct social sea.sons. The early winter .sea.son, which comes before Christmas, when ever\bod\' is back in town from the seashore or mountain randjlinj^s ; and " The " .sea.son, when the Houses of Parliament are in session, and the city is full of stranjijers. The former is .similar to the j^ay sea.son in any other Canadian city. Residents of Ottawa find it is the more plea.sant of the two, because there is less formality about it, less worryinj;; over clothes, and at all the dancinj^ parties wore mm than X''>'^s, a sifjht seldom seen later, when more pretty ii'nh frtmi all over the country flock to Ottawa, making their presence felt by the aid of their 77 ■«l j^ood looksaiul suiai I clollus. Ottawa, ill tlic stascjii, is tlic Mecca of llie Canadian j^iil's aiiil)ition, and so fascinaMiij^ docs slic tind it tlir.t tlic fol- lowinjj scast)!! s'.ic returns with seven others as iirctty as herself. N'o wonder that oft-times the j^enns wall- flower, though not neces- sarily of local conservatories, abounds at dances I The "Crown of Towers" on Parliament Hill lingers in the memory of the fair sessional \isitor. It is he- neath those towers, in the handsome Senate Chamber, that she makes her first acciuainlancc with the gaie- ties of ( )ttawa. Milady, with the fair daughters she chaperones, resplendent in.'-ilks, laces and jewels, sits on the " Floor" of the .Senate, whilst His I^xcelli-ncN' the (io\ernor- (icne'al, in gorgeous Court costume, surn)Un(led 1)\' a brilliant assemblage of Cabi. olTicials ill their various uniforms, reads the Speech from the Throne, and declares Parliament open f\)r the despatch of business. Among the lovely ladies on the " I'loor," she sees the lady who is known as "Her I^xccllcncy,"' and many others are pointed out to her as the wives of the great men of the «,.,ir.(„„ P/iul,., ll.M.I.W Ui-siilfiuH- 111 n. Murphy, Ministers and hiirh long mirror of the orthodo.x Court curtsey. It is held in the Senate Chamber, and i.s very similar to the levees of the Viceroy of Ireland. Commodious apartments are reserved for the Hononr- able.Speakers of both Houses of Parliament. The .Speaker of the vSenate has rooms on the vSenateside of the Central block of the Parliament Buildings. Mr. Speaker of the Commons lives in close ])roximity to the " House." After the drawing-room, thewivesof the two Speakers hold informal receptions, where one meets all who have " pa.ssed the Throne," and not infreciuentlv \'ice- Royalty itself. These ladies recei\e on Thursdays, and as much as possible are "at home" in the evening, when M. P. 's thoroughly appreciate stealing a few moments from the noisy House of Com- mons for the privilege of a chat and a cup of tea. When a great night is "on" in the House, parties are made up which hover between these drawing-rooms and the Sjieaker's (iallery. The wife of the Prime Minister is naturally re- garded as one of our promineiit leaders of jciety. Lady Laurier, like her husband, Sir Wilfri 1, is ex- tremely popular. It was she who eased a bit the troublous (|uestions of calling, by establishing Monday as the reception day for the wi\es of the Minister:?. She herself receives every Thursday evening as well as on Monday afternoons. Cabinet Ministei.i .uid their wives arc expected to do a c Ttain amount of enlertaining. l-lverybod; calls on them, and everyb(M. Mlll'llM \'isl.l, Rl'-iilU'lU r "I I . AluMIM, l".M|. tingnished visitors of this kind to be'niet with here ma\ account fc. the snrprisingly cosmopolitan tone of Ottawa society. These vi.sitors come here prin- cipally in the winter time, when " Onr Lady of the Snows" exerts her fa.scinations to snch an extent as to make dancing and politics sink into insigni- ficance compared with the delights of skicing, skating, snowshoeing and togagganing. In no other city ii Canada can one so thoronghly enjoy outdoor winter s])orts as in Ottawa, and nowhere else is it considered so fashional)le to go in for these sports. As a consequence, the yonng j)eoi)le to be met with in .society are all gifted l)y the gods with an abnndant share of all that is worth living for — health and ha])piness. It is a noted fact that the cnsnidpolitan tone of Ottawa .society dnring what we may call the .sessional season, is more jjrononnced than in other Rn:r.(o„ Ph„ln DH.WVISi; Ix.HlM. Ui'.siili-iui- ol W. I-:. I'hilpiills, i;s.|., \\ i-lliiii;loii St. mneh larger cities. It is cerlainlv a distinct gain owing to the e.\ce])tionally distingnished class of \isitors we are nsnally favored with, made np not infre(|in.ntly of members of the aristt)cracy of I'.ng- land. 'I'his has done mneh toad\ance the interests of the Ca])ital by placing it on a high standard socially. It adds to the exce]itionaI attraclior.s Ottawa holds ont as a residential cit\', and has on Dk.wvi.m. Koo.m Tin: Krssia.i.. more than one occasion in the pa.st inflncnced the choice of some of onr distinguished faniilich in adopti 'g the Capital as their permanent home. Thk Marchioness. 79 mi Ji^''^ ^. ^ "^'oO. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // y. & j.U m "" ■ lii I.I 1.25 2.5 •^ 1^ 1112.2 !!^ m m us u 2.0 .8 U IIIIII.6 Va "c^l c^l ^^^ y ^ ^ \^ \ \\ % ^\7' % ^^ ^ K^^ ^A^ \y the folhwui'i i/pr!tl^en nl ihf request of the Ottawa Board of Trade T. C. OLAim, O.B., Uta of Ott«wiu WALTBR fflAKLY. C.H., Montreal. TH08 KEBTBR, c.B . OlUw». aiORQB P. BROPHY, «., OtMmL ROBBRT SBEWBBS, O.'i , Ottawa. HBNRT A. l". M'lLBOn, O.B . Ott«WH FRAKK A.JOBBARO, C.B.. Ottawk. DAVID SCOW, C B, Ottawa. HBNRY CtOiKB, C.B., PallcTille. ANDBBW WlO., OB. Almonte. J H MATTflB, C B . Terrebonne. ANDREW HOLLAND. Bsq , Merchant, OtUwa OBO. h. DICKINSON. B«q . MIDowner. Manotiok. ALBX MctiABBN. Bsq . Millowner, Ottawa W. C EDWARDS. MP, MlllovHier. Rockland R. MnRITCBIB, Beq , Bryson J. A. GAMtRON. B«q . Thumo. Ottawa. June, iftsi. J LOW WATER, 917,403 H.P.; MAXIMUM IN HIGH WATER. 3.347.630 H. Compilea and orawn oy J. E C-