IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) HiolDgraphk} Sd^ces Corporation ■■! •■■i-W(rn rose over the city " of Boston, " Behind the dark church tower." , And that dark church tower was on the old North Church, the tower Paul Revere watched so eagerly on that memorable night of the 18th of April, 1775. In " Paul Revere " we find a grand and heroic ideal. Let us look for these ideals as we read. We will find them well worth the search. There are ideals in the poem of Evangeline. Have we found them? Everyone, young or old, who has any wish for advancement, any ambition, any desire for something better than that now possessed by him, has an ideal. It may be crude and we may not be aware of its existence, but it is with us at all times unless it be realized. We know that it is what we strive to gain and not what we have. Whj pure seek It by K story ofth betw shou decis Perh Tom L ized amor It. tives they his U selecl N was ( "Art on proposed by the nt; a standard or :aincd by selecting d perfections which eluding everything or model. Long- s." The old clock -fashioned country n Cambridge, once Our highest and in the ninth stanza ear that contained in ideal which can be ioston, North Church, the 1 that memorable il Revere" we find these ideals as we learch. There are we found them? I for advancement, Iter than that now crude and we may th us at all times what we strive to KVANOKLINK. 9 " For two ideals I itrove with eager quest. The first I lo»t,— iiiul why ? 'Twas realized. The ather, unpoMcswd, Stays witli tiie till I die." Why should we not strive for something higher, better and purer? Many strive for riches. If we choose this ideal, let us seek the true riches, for " The riclu.'S of the comuion wealth Arc free, strong minds and hearts of health. And more to her than gold or gain The cunning hand and cultured brain." It is said that the story of Evangeline was told to Longfellow by Hawthorne, who at one time contemplated writing a prose story based on the Uxile, It is further stated that the heroine of the original story was named Gabrielle. After a consultation between these two authors it was decided that Longfellow should make it the theme of a poem. We do not regret the decision. The poem has been translated into many languages. Perhaps in this respect it stands next to the Bible and Uncle Tom's Cabin. Longfellow and his works are known through all the civil- ized world. He was given a place in Westminster Abbey among the greatest men of the English-speaking people. Many years ago at a social gathering in Italy, representa- tives of six different nations met. During their conversativ,n they agreed that each should select and recite a quotation from his favorite author. They did so, and strange to relate, every selection given was from Longfellow. Not long ago a Technological Institute costing over $400,000 was erected in England. On its lintel are carved thesQ words: "Art is long and time is fleeting." CHAPTER II. Discovery and Settlement. The history of North America before the coming of the white man will ever be comparatively unknown to us. The beauties of mountain, valley, forest and shore were seen only by wild men and wild beasts. No human voice was heard save that of the barbarian as he met his foe in a death grapple, or chanted his weird songs of war, hunting or superstitious rites. But the change came. A.cross the ocean sailed the little vessels of the Norsemen, the Genoese and the English, followed closely by the French. They brought with them the civiliza- tion of the old world and sowed its seed on new ground. The seed thrived in this new soil even better than in the old, and from that day to the present a conflict has heen waged steadily here between civilization and barbarism, between freedom and oppression, between liberty and slavery. The results have been tremendous for the good of mankind ; but while the plan was divine the instruments were but human, and consequently we find here and there blots upon the record. Previous to the year 1000, the hardy Norsemen had seen the shores of North America and perhaps made temporary settlements. In 1492 came Columbus, a native of Genoa, under Spanish patronage. His was accepted as the real discovery, as it was the first to be followed by permanent settlement. He was soon followed by others, and among the first of these was Americus Vespucius, who received the honor of having the country named for him. In justice it should have been called Columbia. In 1497 the Cabots sailed from England with a commission from Henry VII, three-hundred men, and a fleet of five ships and two caravels. They discovered lands to the (10) . '4 ENT. the coming of the known to us. The lore were seen only voice was heard save 1 a death grapple, or »r superstitious rites, an sailed the little he English, followed h them the civiliza- n new ground. The :han in the old, and heen waged steadily letween freedom and The results have ; but while the plan in, and consequently rd. Norsemen had seen aps made temporary itive of Genoa, under ;he real discovery, as ent settlement. He he first of these was lonor of having the aid have been called om England with a red men, and a fleet covered lands to the 12 EVANGELINB. westward, which from their rude maps are supposed to have been Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island and Newfoundland. They then sailed farther to the west and reached the mainland. They sailed again and northward to 67° 30', then south as far as Florida. They then returned to England on account of scarcity of provisions and mutiny among the crews. For many years the English made no attempt to follow up the discoveries of the Cabots by actual settlements. Under Queen Elizabeth enterprise was awakened. With a patent for "discovering, occupying and peopling heathen and barbarous countries," Sir Humphrey Gilbert sailed with an expedition from England in 1 583. After a voyage of one month he arrived at Newfoundland, which he took formal possession of. After remaining there for some time he decided to go to Sable Island and re-stock his larder before taking his long voyage home- ward. Captain Hays of the sole surviving vessel wrote as fol- lows: ' 'Sable lieth to the seaward of Cape Breton, about 45°, whither we were determined to go upon intelligence we had of a Portingall during our abode in St. John's, who was also himself present when the Portingalls, about thirty years past, did put into the same island both neat and swine to breed, which were since exceedingly multiplied." In a dense mist and rain, with a high wind, they neared this bleak land, by later mariners named "The graveyard of the North Atlantic," on account of the great number of wrecks on its shoals and sand bars. Here Gilbert lost one vessel and one-hundred men by shipwreck. Escaping from the dangers of Sable Island, he encountered a fearful gale on the Grand Banks, and but one vessel survived to tell to England that the heroic Admiral hailed them during the storm, saying that "Heaven was as near by sesi as by land," and soon after, standing by the helm, sorely wounded in his foot, and Bible in hand, went down beneath the waves. [Sec note at end of this chapter.] In ed a \ died £ posse: of Sir found of its In early purpo Verra nent f Fear 1 river ! and E plored Franc reach nizatit swine 1538 t the ne that it prepat he left horses ponies quis i Frano Canad gions. as col Island '""UIWWSSII!, 5WB»» ^,fimjmnmtimm«iamim> ' » 'ti-^Siife, supposed to have tid Newfoundland, ched the mainland. , then south as far and on account of 2 crews. tempt to follow up ettlements. Under With a patent for hen and barbarous tvith an expedition le month he arrived issession of. After go to Sable Island long voyage home- vessel wrote as fol- Breton, about 45°, illigence we had of a ho was also himself years past, did put > breed, which were mist and rain, with by later mariners tic," on account of d sand bars. Here nen by shipwreck, d, he encountered a ,e vessel survived to ed them during the >y sea as by land," ;ly wounded in his ;h the waves. [Sec EVANGELINE. 13 In 1607 Sir John Gilbert, brother of Sir Humphrey, plant- ed a weak colony within what is now the state of Maine. He died soon after, and the colony was broken up. The formal possession taken by Sir Humphrey and the actual settlement of Sir John, added to the discoveries of the Cabots, formed the foundation of the claim of the crown of England to the whole of its possessions in North America. In the meantime the French had been active. At a very early period adventurers had visited North America for the purpose of taking possession of it for the crown of France. Verrazani, in 1524, sailed along the eastern coast of the conti- nent from a point one hundred and fifty miles south of Cape Fear to New England. In 1534 Cartier explored the gulf and river St. Lawrence. Cape Breton was known to both French and English before Nova Scotia was. The French first ex- plored it, and it probably received its na'me from the Bretons of France. The French were probably the first, after Cabot, to reach Nova Scotia, and they were the first to attempt its colo- nization. We have already found that the Portuguese left swine and cattle on Sable Island. This was about 1505. In 1538 the Baron de Lery attempted to plant a French colony in the new world, but incessant storms so delayed the expedition that it arrived off the coast too late in the season to land and prepare for winter. To lighten his vessel for the return voyage he left his cattle on Sable Island. With these were several horses or ponies, from which have sprung the hardy, shaggy ponies that still run wild on its sand dunes. In 1598 the Mar- quis de la Roche was granted letters patent by Henry IV of France, giving him power over the "islands and countries of Canada, Sable Island, Newfoundland, and the adjacent re- gions." Forty convicts from the royal prisons were given him as colonists. He decided to leave his colonists upon Sable Island until he had selected and prepared a place for his settle- 14 BVANGBUNB. r ment. Immediately after leaving the island a great and long continued storm arose, which drove his vessel so far eastward that he decided to return to France. In 1603 the king sent a vessel to bring the convicts back. Twelve out of the forty were alive. They were taken to France, where each received a full pardon and fifty golden crowns. Old Euthworks at AnnapoUs (Port RoyalX "Wben as a captive I lay In the old French fort at Port Royal."— Line 308. In the year 1604 De Monts, who had been appointed gover nor general of New France, came with an expedition to make a settlement. After narrowly escaping shipwreck on the "Graveyard of the North Atlantic," he succe^ed in planting his colony in the well chosen spot where the town of Annapolis now stands. This was the Port Royal of the French. After establishing his colony De Monts sailed along the coast, ex- plored his territory, traded with the Indians and made them his friends. The English who settled Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, learning of the French settlement and considering it within the limits of their charter, fitted out an expedition un der the Royal i mission pillage ground! tory. France, own req rates, ai his cone Sabl dred ten long an formed I most of grass. Sable Is: Its great that swe lent on t tains tw( ication \i stormy i means c man can pieces oi ever shif Befoi was freqi on the sli these wr r "^f a great and long 1 so far eastward > the king sent a out of the forty re each received a SVANOBUNB. 15 ptive I lay In the old appointed gover- cpedition to make lipwreck on the eeded in planting own of Annapolis e French. After ig the coast, ex and made then ;own, Virginia, in ad considering it in expedition un der the command of Sir Samuel Argall, and attacked Port Royal in 1613. It was easily taken. ArgaU found the com- mission from the French king and concealed it, that he might pillage the town and treat the inhabitants as pirates, on the grounds that they had no authority for occupying the terri- tory. Not having sufficient vessels in which to return to France, some of the French accompanied Sir Samuel, at his own request, to Jamestown, where they were imprisoned as pi- rates, and only escaped execution by Sir Samuel's admission of his concealment of the French royal commission. NOTBS. Sable Island belongs to Nova Scotia and is about one hun- dred ten miles S. E. of Halifax. It is about twenty-five miles long and one mile wide. Its surface consists of sand hills formed by action of wind and water. There are no trees, but most of its surface is covered with a growth of long, rank grass. There is a lake of considerable size on the island. Sable Island is feared and shunned by mariners at all times. Its great dangers are its extensive shoals, the ocean currents that sweep around it, and the thick fogs which are so preva- lent on the surrounding waters. The government now main- tains two lighthouses and a life saving station here. Commun- ication with the island by boat is almost impossible during the stormy months, but an exchange of messages is effected by means of carrier pigeons. A cable is contemplated. No man can tell the number of ships that have been beaten to pieces on its shoals and bars, and buried in its treacherous and ever shifting sands. Before the government established a station there, the isUnd was frequented by piratical wreckers who sought the spoil cast on the shore from the wrecks. Terrible stories were told of these wreckers. It is said that survivors who reached the 16 BVANGBUNB. shore from wrecks were murdered for their jewelry or valua- bles. Sailors still tell of the ghost of a lady which walks the shores of the island just before a storm, and holds up a bleed- ing hand to show that a finger was severed to obtain a rii^ she wore. It was near this island that the Bourgogne went down in 1898. SABLE ISLAND. " Dark Isle of Mourning, aptly art thou named. For thou hast been the cause of many a tear; For deeds of treacherous strife too justly famed, The Atlantic's Charnel, desolate and drear, A thing none love, though wand 'ring thousands fear; If for a moment rests the Muse's wing Where through the waves thy sandy wastes appear, 'Tis that she may one strain of horror sing, Wild as the dashing waves that tempests o'er thee fling." In was c£ Acadis Brunsi Frencl lived t; indicat or sea word C quodd} place In I all the of St. J Scotlac withS< Sir Sai settlem strengt ceeded govenw the ord furnish But few Scotch ( opposite stands. jewelry or valua- which walks the holds up a bleed- 1 to obtain a rii^ le went down in named, tear; famed, ;ar, ousands fear; stes appear, ag, J o'er thee fling. " CHAPTER III. • SBTTLEMBNTS AND DISTURBANCES. In the oldest records Acadia is called Cadie. Afterwards it was called by various writers Accadia, L'Acadie, Acadie and Acadia. Acadia under the French included Nova Scotia New Brunswick and a part of Maine. The name is probably the French adaptation of a common word of the Micmac Indians who lived there, and signifies place or region. Used as a suffix it mdicated the place where various things, such as berries, eels or seals were found in abundance. The French called this word Cadie or Acadie; the English called it Quoddv. Passama- quoddy means the place of pollocks. Shubenacadie means the place of ground nuts. In the year 1601 , James I. granted to Sir William Alexander all the territory lying between the river St. Croix and the Gulf of St. tawrence. The country was named Nova Scotia (New Scotland) in the grant. Sir William intended to colonize it with Scotch emigrants, but failed in his attempt to do so. As Sir Samuel Argall's conquest was not followed up by actual settlement, the French had regained possession, and had been strengthened by arrivals from France. Charles I., who sue- ceeded King James, reappointed Sir William Alexander as governor general of Nova Scotia, in 1624. He also founded the order of Knights Baronet of Nova Scotia, who were to furnish colonists, and receive therefor 16,000 acres of land each But few, if any of them, ever received their land. A party of Scotch emigrants landed at Port Royal and built a fort on the opposite side of the basin where the town of Granville now stands. The remains of this work are still called ' 'The Scotch I 18 KVANGEUNE. Fort." In 1632, when the English were getting well established in the country, King Charles I., by the treaty of St. Germains, ceded the whole of Nova Scotia and Canada to the King of France. Again in full possession of the French, Acadia received a French governor and many settlers. This governor, Isaac de Razilly, died and was succeeded by Chamise. While the French officers were quarrelling about their several claims, an English fleet, sent out by Cromwell, easily conquered them, and again the country was in English hands. In 1667 it was again ceded to the French. For twenty-three years Acadia remained French. During all these changes the French settlers had never completely deserted Nova Scotia, butt the colonists received little aid or attention from their govern- ment during this period following the treaty of 1667. The English colony in Massachusetts was growing rapidly, and soon made ready a strong force, under Sir William Phipps, to attack Acadia. They captured Port Royal and two smaller posts; dismantled the forts and returned to Massachusetts. The Acadians at Port Royal, with no fort or garrison, were soon visited by pirates who set fire to houses, killed their cattle, hanged some of the people, and burned one family after shut- ting them in their house. A new commander, Villabon, came from France, found the town unprotected, and decided to land the stores brought by his vessel at the French fort on the St. John river in New Brunswick. On his way to that place pirates captured his vessel, and he barely escaped with his life. He received aid from the Indians and renewed their friendship for the French. William and Mary of England gave a new charter to Ma38- achusetts, and included in it the colony of New Plymouth, the province of Maine and Nova Scotia with the intervening lands. Villabon ralUed the French and Indians at the fort on the St. John, and with this force captured Pemaquid, a fortification in mmmmmmmmmmmmmf^' New hnndr many churcl In of Ry broke came, lander cames a thou were r attack came i to rem ever, i They( they ii to brit tempts Nova Utrect honor Foi tacks 1 were s to the burg V Frencl difficul Utrech thousa leaders 'm^-' I BVANGKLINB. 19 g well established of St. Germains, a to the King of French, Acadia This governor, hamise. ling about their Cromwell, easily n English hands. For twenty-three hese changes the Nova Scotia, but) om their govern- y of 1667. The rapidly, and soon Fhipps, to attach ro smaller posts; sachusetts. The rrison, were soon illed their cattle, family after shut- r, Villabon, came d decided to land :h fort on the St. ray to that place iped with his life, d their friendship ' charter to Maas- :w Plymouth, the intervening lands. le fort on the St. , a fortification in New England. To avenge this, Colonel Church, with five hundred men, sailed from Boston and ravaged the country at many points on and near the Bay of Fundy. They burned churches and houses, killed the cattle, and cut the dykes. In 1696 Nova Scotia was restored to France by the treaty of Ryswick. Trouble arose over the fisheries. War again broke out. The French called the pirates to their aid. They came, and with the goods thus wrested from the New Eng. landers the French paid their Indian allies. Colonel Church came again in 1 704 , and again the country was ravaged. In 1 707 a thousand men from New England attacked Port Royal, but were repulsed and forced to reembark. Again they landed and attacked, but were again defeated. In 1710 another expedition came under General Nicholson, and this time Port Royal fell, lo remain in the possession of the English. The French, how- ever, made many efforts to drive out their hereditary enemies. They endeavored to preserve the loyalty of the French settlers, they incited the Indians to attack the English, they attempted to bring help from Quebec and France, and at least three at- tempts were made to recapture Port Royal. But all in vain. Nova Scotia was finally ceded to England by the treaty of Utrecht in 1713. Port Royal was now named Annapolis in honor of Queen Anne. For many years few settlers came, on account of fear of at- tacks by the French and Indians. Canada and Cape Breton were still French, and from the latter place came aid and trade to the Acadians, and assaults upon English settlers. Louis- burg was taken by an English force, but given back to the French in 1748 by treaty of Aix la Chapelle. Old boundary difficulties now arose; the French claiming that the treaty of Utrecht ceded only the peninsula to England. In 1749 two thousand five hundred seventy-six settlers arrived under the leadership of Edward Cornwallis. They selected a site, and I I i I I found Halifi Indiai nijssii Kubmi younj of seti Louis and p and a totak still h tainly chang ill Ca take f Englii mout four Corn\ rewar In Frenc inn; Indiai ernor thous lodge near 1 a six 1. that BVANOBLINH. 21 founded the city of Halifax, named in honor of the Earl of Halifax, who had assisted the expedition. The French and Indians visited the settlers at Halifax, and tendered their sub- mission to the English authorities. Notwithstanding this submission, the Indians, probably assisted by some of the younger Acadians, attacked the town by night, and a number of settlers were killed in the forests or captured and sold at Louisburg. The governor of Halifax, to prevent these attacks and protect the outlying settlements, built a fort at Windsor and a blockhouse at Horton. He then called on the Acadians to take the oath of allegiance to the British crown. They still hoped for the French supremacy in Acadia, and they cer- tainly had reasons to expect it after the many preceding changes of ownership, and the repeated assurances of the French ill Canada and Louisburg. In consequence they refused to take the oath, but again announced their submission to the English. The Indians remained actively hostile. At Dart- mouth, a settlement on the opposite side of Halifax harbor, four men were killed and scalped, and others carried off. Cornwallis organized parties to hunt the savages, and offered a reward of ten guineas for every Indian scalp. In order to strengthen their claim as to the boundary, the French built Fort Beau Sejour on the isthmus. Major Lawrence, in 1750, was sent to the isthmus and defeated the French and Indians. In 1752 Cornwallis returned to England, and Gov- ernor Hobson was sent out as his successor. In 1755 three thousand men under Monckton and Winslow were sent to dis- lodge the French. Beau Sejour and Oaspereaux, another post near by, were taken, and the garrisons sent to Louisburg under a six months' parole. NOTSS: 1. Arcadia was the only southern state of ancient Greece that had no sea coast. It was one of the most picturesque "^M-- :^«W«tWW(ft' •«■"*»' ■' 22 BVANGBUNB. regions of Greece, and perhaps of the world. Lake, mountains streams, forests, meadows, fountains, glens and caves were there. Without seaports, people are not commercial. Th inhabitants, therefore, were hunters and shepherds, quiet and peaceful, given to music and dancing. In modern languages the term Arcadian means either beauty of natural scenery or rusticity of manners. While the Acadians may have been Arcadian in their manners, they did not live in Arcadia an( were not Arcadians. If the name Arcadia was used by some early writers, it was an error caused by the similarity of the names, 2. The peninsula of Nova Scotia is connected to New Brunswick by an isthmus twelve miles wide. The peninsula is separated from. Cape Breton Island, which is a part of the province, by the strait of Canso or Canseau. 3. Granville, the site of the old Scotch settlement opposite Annapolis, was formerly called Caledonia, and is so named on the old maps. Ab< and th( French the Ac the Ind cil witl] from N colonie alarm! r Acadia came t< summo 1755, V majorit ment, y CI u Pi Y N P Lake, mountains 9 and caves were commercial. Thu epherds, quiet and modern languages natural scenery or iS may have been ve in Arcadia an( was used by some e similarity of the :onnected to New 2. The peninsula I is a part of the lettlement opposite id is so named on CHAPTER IV. The Exilb. About this time the English met with reverses in Canada, and the Nova Scotia Governor feared another attempt by the French to regain the province. He believed that if that occurred the Acadians would join the invaders, and bring with them the Indians to prey upon the English .settlers. He tcwk coun- cil with his advisers, and it was decided to remove the Acadians from Nova Scotia, and scatter them through the other English colonies. Measures were taken to prepare for this without alarming the Acadians. Suspecting no serious trouble, the Acadians of Grand Pre, Minas and the adjoining settlements came together at their church at Grand Pre, in obedience to the summons of Colonel Winslow. This was on September 2nd, 1755, when the Acadians were busy with their harvest. The majority of them attended and, to their horror and astonish- ment, were informed of their intended fate. "You are convened this day," he snid, "by his Majesty's orders. Clement and kind has he been; but bow you have answered his kindness Let your own hearts reply! To my natural make and my temper Painful the task is I do, which to you I know must be grievous. Yet must I bow and obey, and deliver the will of our Monarch: Namely, that all your lands, and dwellings, and cattle of " all kinds Forfeited be to the crown; and that you yourselves from this province (») 24 EVANGEUNfi. Be transported to other lands. God grant you may dwell there Ever as faithful subjects, a happy and peaceable people ! Prisoners now 1 declare you, for such is his Majesty's pleasure!" Similar action was taken at Annapolis, Cumberland and other points; in all, about seven tbousand souls were transpor- ted. The number collected at Grand Pre was one thousand nine hundred twenty-three. A few had escaped to the forest, Cape Blomidon from the Ilasln of Hinas. and to deprive them of sustenance all buildings were burned, crops destroyed and cattle driven away. In the district of Minas 255 houses, 276 barns, 155 outbuildings, 11 mills and one church were destroyed. On the 10th of September the people were put on board the transports. Heartbroken and despairing, this whole community was carried from the only homes many of its members had ever known. They could, carry nothing with them but a few household goods. Their crops, on which they subsisted, were gone. Their houses. in wl happ drive ship; along theF a reli provi pitial appej S( was s hunti amun peopl nor c their escap live t( and c S( the o : you may dwell iceable people ! is his Majesty's s, Cumberland and souls were transpor- i was one thousand scaped to the forest, Inas. Idings were burned, In the district tbuildings, 11 mills 10th of September lorts. Heartbroken IS carried from the iver known. They r household goods. ;one. Their houses, EV ANGELINA. 26 in which they were born and in which they had spent so many happy days, were in ashes. Their cattle were slaughtered or driven away. Their farms had forever passed from their owner- ship; and they themselves were carried to the English colonies along the Atlantic coast, and landed among a people hostile to^ the French nation, speaking a language unknown to them, of a religion at variance with theirs, and unwilling or unable to provide for their maintenance. Their condition was truly pitiable. Is ^ surprising that their sufferings and wrongs appeal to us strongly even at this late day? Some found their way to Louisiana where their language was spoken ; some went to the western frontier and engaged in hunting and trapping; some went to Canada; others remained amung the English; a number were sent to England by the people of Virginia and South Carolina, after asking the Gover- nor of Nova Scotia for money for their support; a few found their way back to Nova Scotia, and, joining those who had escaped exile, formed little settlements; and their descendants live to-day in their Acadian land and still preserve the old dress and customs of their forefathers. "Still stands the forest primeval; but under the shade of its branches Dwells another race, with other customs and language. Only along the shore of the mournful and mystic Atlantic Linger a few Acadian peasants, whose fathers from exile Wandered back to their native land to die in its bosom. In the fisherman's cot the wheel and the loom are still busy; Maidens still wear their Morman caps and their kirtles of homespun, And by the evening fire repeat Evangeline's story." Some of the Acadians had signified their willingness to take the oath of allegiance when they saw that exile was forthcom- ing, but this privilege was refused them. They had asked to 26 BVANGEUNB. be permitted to remove to the French colony in Louisburg, but this had been refused on the grounds that it would add to the strength of the force already there, and increase the danger of incursions. They had been threatened with removal, but did not fully understand the penalty. Something had to be done to settle this vexed Acadian question; but we shudder as we contemplate the full results of the settlement as carried out. After the exile of the Acadians, the home government desired that the land should be occupied by disbanded soldiers. The governor of Nova Scotia objected, claiming that they were not the proper material for a new colony. The governor was per mitted to adopt his own plans, and he proceeded to invite set- tlers from New England, through the provincial agent at Boston. As a result several hundred settlers came from Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island. The power of the French in the new world was rapidly waning. In 1758 Louisburg surrendered to Amherst, Prince Edward's Island was taken soon after, and in 1759 Quebec fell. By this final victory the English became masters of all Canada. By the treaty of Paris in 1763, the French gave up all claim to Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, Canada, and many islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. When the American Revolution broke out and the Thirteen United Colonies declared themselves free and independent in 1776, the province of Nova Scotia remained loyal to the crown, although there was some dissatisfaction. Immediately after the close of the war Nova Scotia received a large addition to its population by the emigration of loyalists from the states. Between fifteen thousand and twenty thousand of these refu- gees landed at dififerent ports of the province, Mapy of them found homes in the valley that was the former home of the Acadians. 1 Louisburg, but irould add to the >e the danger of emoval, but did had to be done : shudder as we as carried out. emraent desired I soldiers. The it they were not •vernor was per- ed to invite set- incial agent at .ers came from rid was rapidly Amherst, Prince 759 Quebec fell. rs of all Canada. ! up all claim to 1 islands in the ttd the Thirteen independent in il to the crown, mediately after irge addition to rom the states, i of these refu- Mapy of them er home of the 1 BVANGBLINB. NOTES. 27 1. The people of Acadia were mainly the descendants of colonists brought out by Isaac de Razilly and Charnise between the years 1 633 and 1 638. These colonists came from Rochelle, Saintonge, and Poitou, so that they were drawn from a very limited area on the west coast of France, covered by the mod- ern departments of Vendue and Charente Infferieure. This circumstance had some influence on their mode of settling the lands of Acadia, for they came from a country of marshes, where the sea was kept out by artificial dykes, and they found in Acadia similar marshes, which they dealt with in the same way that they had been accustomed to practice in France.— Hannays History of Acadia. 2. The Gaspereau is a stream flowing from the southwest into the Basin of Minas, near Grand Pre. . At its mouth the Acadians embarked. This must not be confused with the post of the same name on the isthmus. 3. The Cornwallis mentioned as the governor of Nova Scotia, was not the Cornwallis of the Revolution. .it* CHAPTER V. Thb Acadian Land. "A land which floweth with milk and honey." "And ye shall dispossess the inhabitants thereof and dwell therein." The site of the first settlement by De Monts, and the region made famous by Longfellow's poem, are both in the valley formed by two ridges of highlands called the North and the South mountain. This valley extends through the counties of Annapolis and King's. The North mountain fronts on the shore of the Bay of Fundy, and extends from Digby Cut, at the entrance to Annapolis Basin, northeastwardly to Capes Blom- idon and Split at the entrance of the Basin of Minas. The South mountain is neither as steep nor as high as the North, but extends nearly parallel to it. To the westward through this valley, runs the Annapolis river, emptying into Annapolis Basin at the site of old Port Royal. In the broader eastern end of the valley, which drains into Minas Basin, there are many streams:— the Gaspereau, Comwallis, Canard, Pereau and Habitant rivers. The land drained by these rivers is the most fertile and highly cultivated of any in the province. It is fitly called the "Garden of Nova Scotia. " Along the western shore of Minas Basin, from Grand Pre to the foothills of the North Mountain, are the dyke. lands reclaimed from the sea by the French and their successors. This dyke land is the most val- . uable of the many soils found in the valley. In most instances of alluvial deposits in other parts of the world, the deposit is brought, to the sea by the rivers. Here we find the process is (») >ney." i thereof IS, and the region ith in the valley i North and the h the counties of in fronts on the DigbyCut, at the to Capes Blom- of Minas. The :h as the North, jstward through ? into Annapolis broader eastern 1, there are many rd, Pereau and ivers is the most ince. It is fitly be western shore ills of the North the sea by the is the most val- n most instances d, the deposit is id the process is )f*p of AniwpoUs and Kin^ Countlcf, 30 BVANOSUNS. reversed, and the deposit is brought up the rivers by the sea. This alluvial matter comes from the shores and bottom of the basin and bay, from whence it is torn by the mighty tides which ever sweep back and forth through their channels. The torrent sweeps up the Bay of Fundy and enters the Basin at Cape Split, where it reaches a velocity of ten or twelve miles an hour. Here it reaches its greatest height of seventy feet above low water mark. In some of the Acadian rivers, the upward flow of the tide against the fresh water current forms a wall of water called the bore of the tide. This sweeps up the stream at a rapid rate, and with a loud rushing sound. The height of the bore illustrated on page 42 is 5 feet 4 inches. The largest unbroken tract of dyke land in the province is the Grand Pre, or Great Meadow, in Horton. This tract the Acadians reclaimed by building dykes from either end of Long Island to the mainland. South of Long Island, where the upland rises from the Grand Pre, was the village of the Acadians. In the field just in front of the row of old French willows, can still be seen the cellar of the house which is supposed to be the one used as Colonel Winslow's head- quarters during his momentous visit. Here, too, is the site of the village church. The old French well marks the site of the village green, and a little farther eastward was the Acadian cemetery. The village probably extended irregularly from the church southward to the higher lands. Along the line of the village street may be seen many willows, the old French apple trees, the grave of an English soldier who died at the time of the exile, and the site of the village smithy. To the north- ward of the row of willows first mentioned, stretches the great meadow from which the village received its name; and beyond that is Long Island, easily distinguished by the trees and Louses upon it. 1 SVAN0BUN8. ivers by the sea. nd bottom of the he mighty tides r channels. The ers the Basin at or twelve miles t of seventy feet adian rivers, the ler current forms This sweeps up liing sound. The eet 4 inches, in the province ton. This tract from either end >f Long Island, as the village of the row of old the house which ^inslow's head- :oo, is the site of ks the site of the vas the Acadian igularly from the 1^ the line of the )ld French apple 1 at the time of To the north- 'etches the great me; and beyond Y the trees and 32 BVANOHUNB. "And away to the northward Blomidon rose, and the forests old, and aloft on the mountains Sea fogs pitched their tents, and mists from the mighty Atlantic Looked on the happy valley, but ne'er from their station descended." Blomidon is plainly seen to the northward, and very often the "mists from the mighty Atlantic" roll in great masses over the top of the North mountain and hide much of it from view. At such times the mist or fog rarely descends to the valley. Great detached masses of fog often hang on the side or stunmit of Blomidon, and can be seen plainly from the land or from the waters of the Basin. Blomidon is a bluff headland of red sandstone, surmounted by a perpendicular wall of basaltic trap, the whole about six hundred feet high. This headland is a rich field for the geologist, as the varieties of specimens found are numerous and interesting. In the spring, after the severe frosts of winter, great masses are detached from its sides, and crash downward to be ground by the relentless tides. The geologist must work among these masses at low water, because at high tide the sea washes the face of the cliff. Many beauti- ful specimens of amethyst are found. The underlying sand- stone is worn away by tidal action, and this hastens the fall of the trap rock from above. The soil of the dyke lands consists mainly of a large jper- centage of silica, the iron which gives the reddish color, cal- careous matter, and various salts of potash, lime, alumina, etc. This combination is a most favorable one, and its fertility is increased by sediment brought by the streams from the uplands. For nearly two hundred years these dyke lands have been pro- ducing from two to four tons per acre of the finest hay, and have also furnished autumn pasturage for cattle. The marsh mud is taken from tidal streams or rivers in autumn or winter, 1. 2. oft on the the mighty their station i, and very often ;reat masses over [ of it from view, is to the valley, le side or summit he land or from r headland of red 11 of basaltic trap, is headland is a specimens found , after the severe 9m its sides, and less tides. The w water, because r. Many beautl- inderlying sand- hastens the fall y of a large per- Kldish color, cal- ne, alumina, etc. id its fertility is from the uplands. Is have been pro> ! finest hay, and tie. The marsh itumn or winter, BVANOBLimi. 33 and used as a fertilizer on the uplands, with excellent re- sults. Apples and potatoes are the principal products of the valley, and are shipped mostly to England and the West Indies! Grapes, berries, plums, cherries, and various vegetables are successfully raised. Wheat, rye, and oats are a profitable crop, but the amount produced is much smaller per acre than on the prairies of our west and northwest. The longevity of apple trees is apparent when we notice, as stated above, that apple trees planted by the French are still living. The forests supply spruce, f r, pine, hemlock, birch, beech, maple, oak, elm, and other woods,— in fact nearly all the varieties required for housebuilding and shipbuilding. The sea supplies cod, herring, mackerel, lobsters, salmon, shad, smelts, gaspereau or alewives, haddock, pollock, flounders, sea-bass, sturgeon, and many other fish; while the streams contain an abundance of speckled trout. In the woods are moose, caribou, bear, the timber wolf, fox, lynx, wild-cat, porcupine, rabbit and skunk. Otter, mink and musk-rat are in the streams and ponds. Of birds there are geese, ducks, plover, snipe, woodcock and partridge. From the fields and woods are gathered checkerberries, hazel nuts, beech nuts, strawberries, blueberries, huckleberries, cranber- ries, juniper berries, red raspberries, blackberries, gooseber- ries, bunchberries, and spruce gum. The dainty and beautiful mayflower abounds. In this short chapter we can learn but little of the many resources and advantages of this wonderful country, but we certainly are convinced that it is "a land which floweth wUh milk and honey." NOTKS. 1. Dyke lands are worth from $300 to $400 per acre. 2. The amount given as the maximum yield per acre of 34 BVANOSLINB. hay on the dyke lands is four tons. This is considered fairly accurate, as the author knows of a yield of 44 T. 1800 lbs. from ten acres, and can furnish data from many reliable sources that place the amount at the figures given. 3. It is stated on good authority that four hundred bushels of potatoes were grown on one acre of ground near Kentville. 4. The name "gaspereau" is a local name applied to the alewives, for the reason that the Gaspereau is the only stream they ascend from the Basin of Minas. The Gaspereau is the only one of these streams that has its source in a lake, and the alewives probably seek this lake for spawning. 5. King's County raises 225,000 bushels of potatoes yearly. The estimated yearly apple product of King's and Annapolis counties is 500,000 bbl. wm \ I u considered fairly r. 1800 lbs. from able sources that hundred bushels 1 near Kentville. i applied to the the only stream raspereau is the a lake, and the potatoes yearly, and Annapolis CHAPTER VI. Thb Succbssors. "Dwells another race with other customs and language." The settlers who came to the valley after the Exile, were a hardy and industrious people. As many of them came from New England, they brought with them the customs, dress, habits and religious views of New England. These were somewhat modified by the presence of settlers from Great Britain, and the trade with that country. We know but little of the social condition and affairs of these people during the first years of the occupation, but, as they were without rail- road, telegraph or steamboat, it is fair to presume that there was little change previous to the year 1800. The houses were warmed and the cooking done by means of the fireplace, with its necessary andirons, shovel, tongs, poker, bellows, crane, bake-kettle and brick oven. The baking was mainly done in the brick oven. Quarters of meat, six or eight loaves of bread, a loaf* of cake, and a half dozen pies was considered no unusual quantity to put into one oven at one time. Often a loaf of bread or cake, or a pudding, was baked in the bake-kettle over the fire. The bake-kettle was a round iron kettle about ten inches deep, and had an iron cover. It was hung on the crane over a slow fire. When baking, coals were put on the cover. The baking thus done was very satis- factory. Often, what was called short-cake, made like our biscuit, was baked before the fire in a long handled frying pan, the handle resting on a chair. Pancakes were fried in this same pan, and the cook would turn the cake without knife or lifter, but by a quick movement of the hand and arm. One (38) 36 KVANOKUNK. young lady was thus frying cakes while a young man, who was greatly interested in her, sat in the chimney corner watch- ing her dexterously turning them. Something that confused her must have l)een said, for she missed the turn on one, and it landed in his lap, raw side down. Everyone kept sheep. The sheep were sheared , the wool was picked and greased, and taken to the carding machine, where it was made into rolls. It was then taken home, and spun into yarn on the big wheel. From there it went to the loom where it was woven into blankets, and cloth for men's clothes and women's dresses for everyday use. No young lady was ready to be married until she had prepared a stock of home made blankets, so much needed in that climate. Flax was raised, cleansed of the tow, or hard part, on the hatchel, a board with long iron teeth, and spun on the little wheel. The product was then woven, and this too was an im- portant part of a young lady's dowry. . Wheat bread and rye bread were used; also much com meal. "Fine bread" was of wheat, "coarse bread" was of rye. Coal oil came into use about 1840. Before that time, and to a great extent for many years after, the light used was from dipped or moulded candles. At church the conduct of old and young was governed by rigid rules. All actions in the house of God were most sedate and exemplary. Sunday school began at 9:00 A. m. and lasted until 10:45. Then en intermission of fifteen minutes was given for children to walk in the graveyard, read the inscriptions on the tombstones, and eat their lunches. Church services began at 1 1 o'clock. After the sermon, liberty was given to anyone desiring to speak. In the Presbyterian church they sang the Psalms of David, in the Baptist church Watts' hyms were used, and with the Methodist church came Wesley's hymns. Pews were either owned or rented. When a family hadentered ^^IdM^Ktt&itaK " 1 oung man, who ey corner watch- ig that confused m on one, and it red, the wool was lachine, where it e, and spun into the loom where :n's clothes and lady was ready of home made ard part, on the >un on the little 3 too was an itn- also much com bread" was of ifore that time, : light used was ^as governed by ere most sedate A. M. and lasted inutes was given inscriptions on 1 services began (iven to anyone 1 they sang the tts' hyms were 'esley's hymns, nily hadentered 1 KVANORUNB. 37 their pew the door was closed and buttoned. Many pews had a low seat along one b'uIv for the children, who were not allowed to be conspicuous. During the prayer all stood and faced about, except in the Methodist church, where all knelt. The negro pews were in the gallery. Negroes were not allowed to enter the body of the church. Little girls wore short dresses, as they do now, but with pantalets down to the shoe-tops. Their shoes were not high 1 i -•*''•■ 1 ''pM 3 St^il, ^^^^ AlNjI iuS .. . '^i'r^.w' 1 -*»j>»,frrK! %^.. ■■ Port WIHUnM Bridge, CornwAllli Biver, Tide out. laced or buttoned, but low, with two or three pairs of eyelets for laces. Their hats had very broad brims. Beads of glass. West India peas, or gold were much worn. The boys wore long pants and boots, short jackets, and flat topped caps with glazed visors. After the days of stocks, knee-pants and large buckles, the men wore white beaver hats, "swallow-tailed" coats with brass or horn buttons, vests of various colors, and white or black trousers. For work in the woods in winter, many men wore rawhide moccasins. In winter, the older men n 38 BVANGBLINB. wore long camelot cloaks fastened at the throat by a chain. The old ladies wore long cloaks of broadcloth or shepherd's plaid. Large bonnets were worn, and in due time came the kind called the "scoop" bonnet. Children did not have the toys and playthings of to-day. A wax doll or a London doll was a luxury and rarity. A whole family of rag dolls usually inhabited the garret. An old dormer window was also a favorite play house. At school, the desks consisted of a board placed slantwise, and extending along the wall on three sides of the school-room! In front of this "desk" was a bench for the pupils, and under the "desk" was a horizontal board for the books. When the pupils wrote they faced the wall; when they studied or recited they swung their feet over the bench and faced the center of the room. Classes studied their spelling aloud and in unison, swaying together on the bench as the cadence rose and fell. When a school became crowded, a double "desk" with its benches was built down the middle of the room. Most school- houses were built with a dungeon, a small room with no win- dows, for the confinement of refractory pupils. Quill pens were used, and the teacher kept them in repair. When the school had a lady teacher, all the girls took their "work" and learned to sew. The teacher basted most of the work. After learning to sew, each girl was expected to work a "sampler," which was a small square of canvas, around the edge of which a vine with fruit was worked with crewels. Inside the vine was the name of the worker, her age, the alphabet, and some- times a motto, a bird or an animal. The boys had but few playthings except those made with a jack knife. They played ball, hide and seek, tag and various other games similar to those of to-day. Girls and boys played together "Old Mother Hop- pity Clink," "Thomaway," "The Spanish Knight" or "The Rich Widow." 1 throat by a chain, doth or shepherd's lue time came the ythings of to-day. ry and rarity. A d the garret. An house. 1 placed slantwise, }f the school-room. pupils, and under books. When the studied or recited Ficed the center of ud and in unison, nee rose and fell. i "desk" with its >m. Most school- oom with no win- upils. Quill pens spair. When the their "work" and ' the work. After rork a "sampler," the edge of which Inside the vine ;>habet, and some- >oys had but few ife. They played les similar to those Old Mother Hop- ECnight" or "The Mother: Knight: Mother: Knight: BVANOBI,INB. 39 SPANISH KNIGHT. "My daughter Jane she is too young To be ruled by your false, flattering tongue." "Then fare-thee-well, my lady gay, For I must turn another way." "Turn back, turn back, ye Spanish Knight, And scour your boots and spurs so bright." "My boots and spurs they cost you naught. For in this town they were not bought; So, fare-thee-well, my lady gay, For 1 must go another way." RICH WIDOW. "I am a rich widow; I live all alone; I have but one daughter And she is my own. Come choose you a good one Or choose you none. " The young men gathered birch bark, which was used to make "Ughters" for Ughting the candles, kindling fires, and also to spread on the house under the shingles, to keep out the cold of winter. They gathered rushes for bottoming chairs They gathered the moss from the uplands, and in summer the parlor fireplace was filled with it. In for^t or field they saw blackbirds, jays, bob-o'-lmks. robins, the great snowy owl, the big brown owl, and the little screech owl. The little red squirrel was common, crows and guUs were numerous, and in some locahties the raven was found. The housewife gathered for medicmal uses lobelia, catnip, boneset. tansy, wormwood. 1 ,!#»' 46 SVANQBLmB. motherwort, celandine, pith elder and sumac. From the! shores and mud flats came an abundance of clams and scallops, [ called by the people "skim sheUs," because they were exten- sively used for skimming milk. From the rocks, at low water, was picked an edible sea weed I called dulse. .■wy< fe^^ ajjlBWllWWlBi'^ii^^iMacagg^ig Port WUlUuns Bridge, CornwaUU Blver, Tide in. NOTSS. 1. The English custom of turning to the left when meet- ing on the highway was adopted. 2. The principal roads running east and west through this! part of the valley were called streets. 3. In one of the old church-yards was a head-stone at thel grave of "Hannah EngUsh and Child, 1767." This head-l stone was broken, through age or accident, and in the summerj of 1897 it Was stolen by some relic hunting tourist. Thepr I sixty- five < I the trip to was used; I The prodti I geese, chi< I socks and i the pair, i were about per pair for thread, su{ kept a gen Thedrygo< shillings an per, with o and Prencb Thevel caracole, ai used the \t with broad ^ of the dyk( horses were with strips to the mou fowling pie wells by me horseback, i '^^WHSpfimiilKrilTwwww**-'"' ■~ " ' '"•nmat^mmmmi c. Prom the I IS and scallops, I ly were exten- ^ble sea weed! i,<, V ^.i t when meet- : through thisl 1-stone at thel This head-l a the summerl t. CHAPTER vn. The Sdccbssors— Continued. The principal market for their products was Halifax, about sixty-five or seventy miles away. Two or three times a year the trip to market was made. If the load was light, one horse j was used; if heavy, three to five horses were driven tandem. The produce taken consisted of mutton, pork, cheese, eggs, geese, chickens, butter, apples, hay, and dozens of pairs of I socks and mittens. Geese were sold per piece, and chickens by the pair, all cleaned and ready to cook. Prices varied, but ! were about 5c to 7c for mutton, 50c for geese, and 25c to 40c j per pair for chickens. They brought back cotton cloth, ribbons, thread, sugar, silks, rum and molasses. The country stores I kept a general stock from shingle nails to West India rum. The dry goods came from England. The currency was pounds, shillings and pence, consisting of English gold, silver and cop- per, with one pound and five pound notes of paper. Spanish and French coins were also in circulation. The vehicles used were the "One Hoss Shay," the gig, the caracole, and later the wagonette. For hauling loads they used the wagon and the ox-cart. One variety of the latter, with broad wooden rims and no tire, was used on the soft ground of the dyke lands. To draw the stage coaches, four or six horses were used. The plows had wooden mould-boards covered with strips of band iron, and the shares were made and fitted to the mould-boards by the blacksmiths. All muskets and fowling pieces were flint-locks. Water was drawn from the wells by means of the well-sweep. Much of the travel was on horseback, and saddle-bags and pist, to prevent the Such a violent tened, let the cat Here and there were old women, said to be witches. People living near them could not get their butter to come; cattle were sick or chickens died, and of course the old woman had bewitched them. One old woman in particular, had often been known to disappear suddenly, while walking up a steep hill in company with others. Her companions, on proceeding to the top of the hill, would find her seated there quietly waiting for them, with no traces of effort or fatigue. A horse-shoe was often placed over the door, to counteract or prevent the witches' influence. Finger-nails were cut on Friday to prevent the toothache. One old lady, while cutting her nails on that day, gave as her reason for so doing, that it was a sure preventive of tooth- ache. She had not, at that time, a tooth in her head. The new moon, first seen over the right shoulder, brought good luck; seen over the left shoulder, it brought bad luck. When seen over the right shoulder and a wish made, the wish would surely be fulfilled. Among the young people it was said, that the first unmarried person of the opposite sex, seen on St. Valentine's morning, would be the future companion of the person so seeing. Hallow-e'en was celebrated in various ways. That was the favorite time for working charms, and seeking knowledge of the future. Spirits walked the earth on that night, and therefore some supernatural effects were to be expected. If a young lady took a handful of hemp seed, and walked once around the out- side of the house, sowing the seed as she walked, and repeating these words: "Hemp seed, I sow thee. Whomsoever I'm to have Come after me and mow thee, " and looked over her shotilder as she completed the circuit, she would certainly see the mate of future years. f 44 AVANOBUNS. If yarn, unwound from a ball in the hand, be let down a well, a pull would be felt, and the holder must ask who it was; in answer, a name would be pronounced from the depths of the well* I Cabbage was migratory on Hallowe'en. From the gardens of those who had a large quantity, it mysteriously traveled to the homes of the poor, who had little or none. Gates changed places, and other strange doings occurred; but no damage was done to property. In fixing the time for planting or sowing, making soap, and for many other operations, strict attention was paid to tht phases of the moon, and much dependence placed upon choos- ing a favorable time according to that luminary. A popular ghost story was to the effect that a ghost visited the living, after they had retired for the night, and that a cold, clammy hand was pressed upon them, coming unexpectedly out of the darkness. Once a girl, a firm believer in ghosts, had been listening to this, and similar stories told around the fireplace in the evening. She went up to her room, feeUng | very nervous and frightened. On getting into bed, she covered up her head in dread of she knew not what. To her horror she felt a soft pressure on her feet. This soft touch stole to- ward her head, gradually and silently. She tried to scream, but could not. But, in her agony, she at last heard, near her | head, a sound that ended the trouble. It was the purring of her pet cat. The "ghost" was at once joyfully recognized. At various times and places, ghostly noises were heard, such as groans, and the rattling of chains; but we suspect that the solution in each case would have been as simple as that of the ghostly hand we have just read of. Many were the stories of pirates' gold and Captain Kidd's treasure. On the face of the cliff at Blomidon, a cave was said to exist, that contained a vast quantity of treasure. Some! ven era] ag and am w tl fr St land, be let down n lUSt ask who it was; >m the depths of the From the gardens teriously traveled to >ne. Gates changed but no damage was wing, making soap, ition was paid to the placed upon choos- iinary. t that a ghost visited ight, and that a cold, oming unexpectedly . believer in ghosts, ^ries told around the to her room, feeling : into bed, she covered hat. To her horror i soft touch stole to- She tried to scream, t last heard, near her [t was the purring of >yfuUy recognized, oises were heard, such : we suspect that the simple as that of the I and Captain Kidd's lidon, acave was said r of treasure. Some BVANOBUNB. 45 venturesome spirits tried to reach and explore it. They returned empty handed, saying that they found the entrance guarded by a great serpent. This was in summer. Later they went again, and this time said they were driven back by a skeleton sentinel, armed with a sword and a blunderbuss. A third time the effort Tbe pipe item* and pipe bowls i treme right li from French ftppl lUop or "8ktm" ■hells. Tbe bof ripe bowls are from Acadian cellars. Bit of wood at rench apple tree. The three shells In front are tbe BOkilop or "skim" shells. Tbe bottle completely cofered with basket work wBscoveied by Hlomac Indians. The old Blue In center Is the one mentioned In the note. The other articles shown belonged to the early settlers of the Jirovlnoe. Some were bcooRht from Scotland and England, and some came rom Conneotlont about iTBOi Among them are copper articles, bom spoons and some very old china. was made by those who knew the secret of the difficult way to the cave. This time they took with them a charm procured from a negro voodoo doctor, which was proof against spirits or snakes. When they neared the cave, they discovered an armed party of rough characters in ambush in the woods, ready to 1 46 BVANOBLINB. take by force any treasure they might secure. A third time they returned unsuccessful, and soon after this, the cave was hidden, and the path to it carried away, by a fall of rock. The Isle au Haut, in the Bay of Fundy, was believed to contain buried treasure, but it was asserted that when a party landed from a vessel, and began to dig in a certain place, a violent storm arose, which threatened to tear the vessel from its moorings. When the party rushed to the beach, the sea and air at once became still; but upon their return to their digging, the same disturbance occurred, and they were forced to abandon further effort for treasure. An old man died, who had been considered as a blasphemer by the stricter church people. These who watched with him at his death declared that just as the spirit left his body, a 3tast, resembling a great black dog, came from under the bed, sprang through the window, and vanished in the night. At one of the inns, numerous guests had refused to remain a second night, in a certain room of the house. They one and all declared that they heard a voice saying repeatedly, "Want to be shaved?' ' ' 'Want to be shaved?" The Undlord investi- gated, and found that a tree branch, blown by the wind, raked across the window with a noise that was almost an exact re- production of the words the guests said they had heard. An old clock, that had been in a certain family for many years, is said to have foretold the death of at least five members of that family, by striking between the hours, with no mistake in the strikes of the foUowing hour. This was solemnly as- serted by several members of the family, who said they heard it. Suicide was almost unheard of. One case occurred, of which we have record. An old lady took her own life; and, according to the old law, she was buried where four roads met, and a stake was driven through the body. The young folks were thoroughly taught lessons of polite- BVANGEUNB. 4T e. A third time this, the cave was I fall of rock. y, was believed to that when a party a certain place, a Eur the vessel from the beach, the sea :ir return to their i they were forced ed as a blasphemer watched with him irit left his body, a rom under the bed, n the night. I refused to remain ise. They one and repeatedly, "Want le landlord investi- by the wind, raked Imost an exact re- y had heard. in family for many t least five members rs, with no mistake is was solemnly as- lO said they heard it. i case occurred, of c her own life; and, lere four roads met, ness. Boys, on entering a school-room, bowed to their teacher. On entering a room in a house, or while walking on the high- way, they always bowed to their elders. Girls, on similar occasions, "dropped a courtesy." One girl, who had been thoroughly drilled in these matters, was one day walking on the road, when she met a funeral. Mindful of her training, she stopped, and courtesied to each person in the procession. Before leaving this chapter we will notice a little story of one of the school-masters of the old times. Some mischievous neighboring boys poked a stick through his pantry window at night, knocking down a pile of pans. His wife, awakened by the noise, called him and told him there were thieves in the house. His reply was, "Ann, get the broom and drive 'em out. •■—And immediately he resumed his sleep. NOTBSi • 1. The author has in his possession the Bible of the old lady who committed suicide. The book was printed in 1725. 2. One boy, when not quite 14 years old, repeatedly made the trip to Halifax with his load of produce; When we con- sider his age, the value of his load, the distance traveled, stopping at inns among strangers, the then wild country through which he drove, and the great amount of purchases made for the return journey after marketing his produce, we consider this quite an achievement. i ht lessons of polite- mm»*>- i CHAPTER VIII. ThB ACADIANS AND ACADIAN RELICS. Many tales were told regarding valuables concealed by the Acadians. It was declared by many that descendants of the French came to the province at various times, and dug up treasure left by their ancestors. It must be true, for had they not seen "with their own eyes" the hole where the digging was done? Much, if not all, of this digging was done by young men of the neighborhood, who were searching for the tiaditional wealth of the Acadians. The truth of the matter is probably this: The Acadians were not a wealthy people. They had little or no money, and but few articles of value. If they owned any jewelry it was probably in the form of heirlooms of such small size that they could easily be worn, or hidden in the household goods which they were permitted to take away with them. They knew that they would not return, and they would not be likely to bury such articles as the ones mentioned, and under such conditions. A region that is as important to the student of Acadia and its Acadian remains as any in the valley, not excepting Grand Pie, is the country on the north side of the road leading from Upper Canard to Upper Dyke Village. Three or four French orchards stood here, and the remains of numerous French cellars and wells prove the previous existence of an Acadian settlement of considerable importance. In the old days, many articles used by the Acadians were found here. A descendant of the Acadians came to this region many years ago, and made careful inquiry and thorough search for an apple tree contain- ing some links of a chain. He said that his ancestors had left (48) f/-^i»i A: i-»:-,is«-^- J;i;**iH**^'''-'f' "i^^»^ BVANOSLIITS. 49 iLICS. :oncealed by the icendants of the les, and dug up ue, for had they lere the digging is done by young or the tiaditional itter is probably >ple. They had . If they owned eirlooms of such »r hidden in the > take away with , and they would ) mentioned, and nt of Acadia and excepting Grand oad leading from « or four French lumerous French ce of an Acadian e old days, many e. A descendant irs ago, and made jple tree contain- ancestors had left articles buried near this tree; and if the tree were found he could find the articles buried, by following directions handed down to him. His search was in vain; but he found an old, white-haired neg^o who remembered the chopping of the tree. He could tell the orchard it was in, but could not locate the position of the tree. He remembered the finding of the chain, and described it accurately. Some of the old French wells are still used. A very old Frenchman lived in this neighborhood as late as 1825. His house was said to be one that escaped burning by the English. It is probable that every Acadian cellar (and some that are not Acadian) has been probed in the useless search for valuables. Many a sturdy apple tree was undermined by the searchers, and many articles, considered valueless by them, but of greatest value to the collector or student of today, were lost or destroyed. Near Port Williams, there was a deep place in the Comwallis river, into which, tradition tells us, the French cast their valu- ables from the church. Another tradition is to the effect that the bell from the church at Grand Pre was filled with gold and silver articlt.'f, and sunk in the mud of the marshes. The apples oi the Acadians were of both sweet and sour varieties. They were not large apples, but the trees yielded large crops. The Acadian relics that are actually found consist of a few articles, most of them rudely made, that tend to prove that they were used by a people who were poor as to money or articles of value; that things of luxury were unknown to them; and that they toiled to cultivate the soil, reclaim the marshes, and raise their crops and herds, to supply themselves with food and clothing. From the fields and cellars, are dug, from time to time, old ploughshares, coulters, spades, hoes, axes, hatchets, hammers, scythes, pitchforks, wrought-nails, bits of glass of a poor quality, links of chain, iron kettles of dififerent sizes, and .^mi EST" ji* 50 KVANOmjNR. clay pipes and broken pipe stems. Some of these pipes bear the name of R. Tippet as the maker. Who R. Tippet was, and where the pipes were made, is a question not yet decided. Pipes of this same maker have been found in Indian graves of north-central New York, and on Manhattan Island. Were the pipes French, or were they English? If we look on the valley at the season described by Long- fellow when, hm^^amm^',, i irliiilliMii Relks taken from the old French weU at Grand Pre. "Filled was the air with a dreamy and magical light; and the landscape Lay as if new-created in all the freshness of childhood," and see through the ''soft still air the Basin of Minas," and "the ships with their wavering shadows" lying at anchor, we do not think it strange that tales and legends were numerous among the Acadians and their successors. How could it be otherwise with such surroundings? We have no doubt of the existence of such stories and "signs" as: 1. The finding of the lucky stone in the nest of the swallow. 2. The luck attending the finding of a horseshoe. pipes bear the ppet was, and t yet decided, lian graves of id. Were the ibed by Long- Pre. light; and lildhood." >f Minas," and at anchor, we were numerous ow could it be lo doubt of the ;he nest of the seshoe. BVANGBLINB. 81 3. The lyoup-garou or were- wolf of the forest. 4. The goblin that came in the night to water the horses. 5. The white L6tiche, the ghost of the child who unchristened died. 6. The talking of oxen in the stables on Christmas eve. 7. The curing of fever by a spider shut in a nut shell. 8. The luck attending the finding of a four leaved clover. 9. The signs of a hard winter, a.s foretold by the large sup- ply of honey laid up by the bees, and the unusually thick fur of the foxes. "With whatdoever else was writ in the lore of the village." The lines of the poem of Evangeline containing the state- ment that "At stated seasons the flood gates Opened, and welcomed the sea to wander at will o'er the meadows," have been criticized. In the Cornwallis valley it has never been necessary to admit the tides. When the dykes have been broken by a great storm, and the salt water has swept over the meadows, two or three years have elapsed before the grass fully recovered from the effects. But there is a foundation for the lines quoted above. In the Chignecto region there are tracts of marsh lands that do not contain the ingredients found in the dyke lands of other localities, and therefore their fertility does not endure. To renew them the sea is admitted at intervals, and by a new deposit their fertility is assured for another period. Notes : 1 . It is interesting to note the agreement of the implements and articles mentioned in the poem with the list of relics found. 2. Pipes have been found in the Acadian cellars in a posi- tion which verifies Longfellow's line : "Take from the shelf overhead thy pipe and the box of tobacco." CHAPTER IX. The Indians. The native Indians of Nova Scotia were the Micmacs, and many members of this tribe still live in the province. The early Micmacs were a warlike tribe, wandering from place to place, hunting, fishing, or fighting with the tribes of the main- land. After gaining the friendship of the Indians, the Roman Catholic Missionaries taught them their religion and easily con- verted them to Christianity. In Micmac tradition the most important character is Gloos- cap. His deeds and character, and the veneration in which he was held, remind us most forcibly of the Hiawatha of the west- ern Indians or the Montezuma of Mexico. He was a combina- tion of the human and divine, and he provided human conven- iences for his people with omnipotent power and on a heroic scale. Minas Basin was his beaver pond, the dam being at Cape Split. Spencer's Island was his kettle turned upside down. All animals were obedient to his will. He could at any time call to his side the moose, the caribou, the bear and the lynx, and they promptly did his errands and carried on his work. He controlled the elements. When his enemies assem- bled in great numbers, intending to overthrow him, he extin- guished their fires, and called to his aid the armies of the frost, so that soon the hostile force was cold in death. He possessed the proverbial Indian hospitality to strangers, who were at all times welcome to his great wigwam on Partridge Island. Glooscap made the first man from a tree. He gathered ame- thysts from Blomidon and gave them to his favorites. While (53) ill I . jjterjBesa •\-j,Mfii^*>^in^iTm^&^-^it'ti<*imii)saisia/m '- ^^3l%<^Ki)Ag^^ EVANGEUNB. 53 :he Micmacs, and ! province. The ng from place to ribes of the main- ians, the Roman >n and easily con- haracter is Gloos- ation in which he vatha of the west- le was a combina- d human conven- and on a heroic he dam being at tie turned upside ill. He could at )ou, the bear and ind carried on his lis enemies assem- >w him, he eztin- rmies of the frost, th. He possessed s, who were at all Partridge Island. He gathered ame- favorites. While the dam existed, the waters filled the AnnapoUs vaUey . Becom- ing angered at the beavers who inhabited this pond, he struck the dam with his tomahawk, and the blow split the solid rock, as seen at Cape Split to this day. He then siezed with his hands a large portion of the dam and hurled it at the beavers. This mass so thrown is known today as the Five Islands. A large part of the pond was drained by this break in the dam, and the beavers fled, to return no more. Strange to relate, geologists support this tradition to a cer- tain extent, and teU us that the waters did cover the valley, until, by some great upheaval, they were forced within their present boundaries. Glooscap tamed the whale, and used him as a beast of burden. On the back of a whale he rode rapidly to places far distant across the waters. He dwelt for many, many years on Partridge Island, but when the white man came he decided to depart. He called together all the birds and animals, except the beavers, and gave them a grand fareweU feast. At the close of the feast he bade them farewell, and departed in his canoe, in a manner similar to the departure of Hiawatha and Montezuma. After his departure, the birds and animals no longer undei stood one another, and there was great confusion and quarreUng. The loons stUl call unceasingly for their friend, and the owls cry "Koo, Koo, Skoos!" "Koo, Koo, Skoos!"— meaning Oh, I am sorry! Oh, I am sorry! But Glooscap will surely come again; his kettle will be righted; his dogs, which he turned to stone when he departed, will be caUed to life; his unbounded hospitality will again be dispensed; beast, bird and man will again understand each other, and uni- versal peace and happiness will prevail. The later Indians were not hostile to the EngUsh-speaking settlers, and caused them but little trouble. They lived in their wigwams, built of birch bark in the summer, or of hem- lock bark and earth in the winter. They sold to the whites i S4 BVANGBUNS. baskets, birch-bark canoes, toboggans, snow-shoes, moccasins and hides. Many of the articles made by the squaws were ornamented with beads and porcupine quills of various colors. They picked and sold berries and other products of the woods and fields. When game was plenty they brought flesh, fish and furs to the settlements. Partridge Island, tbe home of Olooscap. Cape Split in tbe distance at left. Soon after the coming of the white man, small-pox made sad inroads among the Indians. Large numbers died of con- sumption, and any contagious disease seemed to take fierce hold upon them. The stone relics of the early Indians of Nova Scotia are comparatively scarce. Here and there are found the rude arrow-head or spear-head, and occasionally a stone implement, such as a celt, axe or pestle. Some authorities on archaeology believe that most of these larger stone articles were made by other and distant tribes, and were brought to Nova Scotia by loes, moccasins e squaws were various colors. ts of the woods ught flesh, fish distance at left. small-pox made lers died of con- d to take fierce STova Scotia are found the rude tone implement, s on archaeology » were made by Nova Scotia by BVANGBUNB. 55 trade, or were captured during one of their occasional raids to the mainland. When the "Eighteen Hundreds" were young and few, an Indian was accidentally killed near Annapolis. A white hunter met him, and jokingly grasping his gun near the muzzle, thrust it toward the Indian saying, "Will /Aa/much kill jfouf" The startled Indian sprang to one side to get out of the range of the weapon, and in so doing stumbled and fell, striking his head on a sharp stone. He died at once from the effects of the wound so inflicted. The joker fled. The Indians throughout the valley were greatly excited and threatened revenge. Shortly after this occurrence, a lady with a baby in her arms, was sitting in her house when the rest of her family were absent. Suddenly and quietly the outer door opened, and an Indian stepped into the room. Seeing that she was alone, he asked fiercely "Who kill .'um dat Ingun down 'Napolis way*" "lam sure I don't know," said she. The Indian then h' ^i long knife from his belt and, advancing threateningly, -i.d "Me kill um you, anyway." At that moment there «ub an interruption. A man who lived with the family, making and mending shoes for them and their neighbors, was working at his trade in an adjoining room. Hearing the last exclamation of the Indian, he seized a gun which stood in the corner, and rushed out saying "I guess I'll killjfou/' ' The Indian darted out of the door. The man followed and fired, and the Indian fell. After a moment he rose slowly to his feet and, apparently unhurt, ran like a scared deer. They never saw him again. Notes. 1 . At the western extremity of Partridge Island the visitor to the summit may see an excellent outline of an Indian's face on the clifi' wall. The likeness is rendered more startling by a' I 86 BVANGHUNS. the reddish color of the rock of which it is composed. This is said to be the likeness of Glooscap; and that stolid face looks forever directly down the Bay of Fundy, through the gap where the tides are ever rushing and swirling. 2. Partridge Island is about 400 feet high. [See Illustra- tion.] "Then blest Acadia! ever may tby name, Like Britian'B, be graven on rolls of fame; If ay all thy sons, like hers, be brave and fne, Possessors of her laws and liberty; Heirs of her splendor, science, pow'r and ridll, And through succeeding years her children still. Then as the sun with gentle, dawning ray. From night's dull bosom wakes and leads the day, His course majestic keeps, till in the height He glows one blaze of pure ezhaustless light. So may thy years increase, thy glories rise. To be the wonder of the western skies; And bliss and peace encircle all thy shore. Till sun and moon and stars shall be no more." Goldsmith, LINB. 1. 2. 3. 6. 9. 15. 18. 19. 20. 22-23. 24. 25-26. 28-29. 30^1. 33. BVANGBUNB. 57 josed. This is olid face looks irough the gap [See Illustra- le; 1 fnt, I ikiU. ren sdll. »y. Is the day, ght light, iae, we, > more." Goldsmith, K0TB8 AND REFERENCES. LINB. 1. nHmeval: — Never disturbed by the woodman's axe. The sound of the wind blowing through these trees is very similar to the distant sound of the sutf . A light breeze causes a sound resembling a whispering. 2. These festoons of moss may be seen today in many of the ever- green forests of N. S. 3. Druids: — Priests, or ministers of religion, among the ancient Celtic nations in Gaul, Britain and Germany. They frequent- ed or instructed in the forest, or sacrificed nnder an oak. Eld: — Old times, former days, antiquity. 4. Harpers: See Walter Scott's Introduction to the "Lay of the Last Minstrel." Hoar: White, or grayish white; white with age. 6. Wail: Loud lamentation or expressil. 2 273-4. 275-6. 280. 282. £ 284. 1 285. 1 286. : 306. i 322. i 330. i 344. 4 351-2. ! 354. ( ?'jfe!^0'a&S'*?-«*«/t*^'.«iS»ssJf^^ ime so enamored JiUce and jewels, the tninority, ab- et only at low tide, i Vrhich grows on is cut and piled thoroughly dried The wagons or hose described in it? lead. distances by the XX. The Federals, ling of troops sent rrels seen far over iming sound when land and Ireland. ler bag. The bass called the chanter. nous sound which if the clock in the ed." e time of harvest, e song in simple ters VII and VIII. BVANOBUNB. 61 250. 261. 263. 267. 27a-4, 275-6. 280. 282. 284. 285. 286. 306. 322. 330. 344. 351-2. 354. See Chapters IV and VIII. GUde: Turf; soil; sod. Inkhom: This may mean simply an inkstand, or a case holding ink and pens. Notary: An officer authorized to attest or certify deeds, con- tracts and other '>.feu, or cover fire. In the Middle Ages a bell was rung at a certain hour, from seven to nine o'clock in the evening according to the custom of the place, warning all honest people to cover their fires and go to bed. The Normans introduced this custom in England. i Ambroiiawas 62 BVANOBUNB. 371. Refers to the influence of the moon on the tidet. 381. See line 1095. Genews XXI, 14. 413. The fint named ionj< was written in the time of Henry IV. The •econd was a song sung to a tune played on the chimes of Dunkirk. 421. A drum beat sounded over the meadows. 442. Solstice o/summer: The time when the sun's rays are vertical at the Tropic of Cancer, June 2l8t. 454. spar: A mast, yard, boom or guff. 456. See Chapter IV. 461 . Chancel: That part of the church where the altar U pUced. 466. Tocsin: An alarm bell. 470. Vigils: Devotional watching. 476. See Luke XXIII, M. 484. Ave Maria; An invocation to the Virgin Mary. 486. See 2d Kings, II, 11. 492. Emblazoned: Adorned with armorial ensigns. 498. Ambrosial: Delightful to the taste or smeU, the food of the gods of the ancienU. 507. See Exodus XXXIV, 33-35. 533. See Note 2, Chapter IV. 575. Refluent: Returning; ebbing. 577. Kelp: A sea-weed. The ashes of kelp is used in the manufac- ture of glass. The slippery sea-weed mentioned has smaller leaves than the kelp. It sometimes covers the rocks and gives a very precarious footing. 579. Leaguer: The camp of a besieging army. 682. Nethermost: Lowest. 597. See Acts XXVIII. Melita is Malta. 615. Titans: GianU in Greek mythology who tried to deprive Saturn of his power in heaven, but were defeated and driven down into Tartarus by Jupiter, who hurled thunderbolts at them. 621. Gleeds: Burning coals. The instructions of the governor to Winslow were: "You must proceed by the most vigorous measures possible, not only in compelling them to embark, but in depriving those who shall escape of all means of shelter or support by burning their . houses, and by destroying everything that may aflford them the means of subsistance in the country." See Chapter IV. 657. V 660. i (/>7. 1 670. J 672. 1 674. ] 675. 1 676. '. 677. ] (>88. ' 705. 707. 713. 721-3. 732. 733. Henry IV. The on the chimes of rays are vertical tar is placed. Ambrosia was in the manufac- >ned has smaller c rocks and gives to deprive Saturn ind driven down bolts at them. rere: "You must ible, not only in ig those who shall by burning their sy afford them the EVANOKLINK. 6» 657. M). (/i7. 670. 672. 674. 675. 676. 677. (,88. 705. 707. 713. 721-3. 732 733 /?<•//.• The Ifll tolled to mark thi passage of the soul to the other world. /iook: The service book. Dirges: Funeral hymns. They sailed with the falling tide because they could then pass Cape Split with the current. Sailing vessels never attempt that passage against the tide. See Chapter IV. The almost perpetual fogs of this region are probably due to the meeting of the warm Gulf Stream and the cold Arctic Current. From the Great Lakes to the Gulf States. From the Atlantic to the Mississippi. The Mississippi often washes away its banks so that a new channel is formed during a single Bood. See Kaska-skia. Bones of great extinct animals are found at various places in the Mississippi Valley. The trail leading to California through what was called the Great American Desert, was marked by the bones of thousands of cattle, mostly oxen, that died of thirst. At camping places the wiak or worn out animals were often shot to end their misery. Coureurs-des-bois: Men who accompanied the early fur traders of the north-west. They paddled the canoes, carried the goods and canoes at the portages, and assisted to gather in the furs from the Indians. They were French or half-breeds. By living long among the Indians they acquired many of the Indian customs. Parkman's "Conspiracy of Poniiac," and "Discovery of the Great West" contain many references to these men. Voyagcur: A river boatman. Saint Catherine of Alexandria and Saint Catherine of Siena were both celebrated for their vows of virginity. Hence the saying, meaning one devoted to a single life. Refers to the ceaseless round of the moisture which rises from the sea by evaporation, is carried over the land in the form of clouds, falls in the form of rain, sinks into the earth, comes to the surface in the springs, thence to the brook and the river, and finally to the sea, where the journey begins again. Shards: Fragments of earthen vessels. Muse: A genius of art, literature or music. Essay: Endeavor; try. I I i 64 738. 741. 742. 741. 750. 755. 7%. 757. 758. 7Si 761. 764. 766. 769. 782. 78 J. 784. 786-7, 803. 807, BVANOBLINB. Sy/van: Forertlikv; pertainiog to the woodi. 8«e mesning of PeniiBylvaitia; Selva*. See line 1253. The Indians named this river the Ohio or Beautiful River. Oo the earliest maps the latter name was applied to it. See map of U. S. Golden: Below the mouth of the Missouri the waters of the Mississippi have a yellow tinge caused \>y the yellow clay brought by the Missouri. Between the first of January and the 13th of May, 1765, about six hundred fifty Acadians had arrived at New Orleans. Lou- isiana bad been ceded by France to Spain in 1762, but did not really pass under the control of the Spanish until 1769. The existence of a French population attracted the wandering Acadians, and they were sent by the authorities to form set- tlements in Attakapas and Opelousas. They afterward formed settlements oti both sides of the Mississippi from the German Coast up to Baton Rougt, and even as high as Point Coupee. Hence the name of Acadian Coast, which a portion of the banks of the river still heM^i.—Gayarre's Hislory of Louisiana. Chute: A rapid descent of the river. Probably cotton-wood trees are meant. Lagoons: Shallow ponds or lakes. iVimpting: Rippling or undulating. J^licans: Web-footed waler-fowl, larger than swans, having au enormous bill, to the lower edge of which is attached a pouch capable of holding many quarts. Perhaps the sweet orange is meant, as this was called the China orange. Goiden Coast: A portion of the shore of the river. Cttron: The tree which produces th? .;itron of commerce. A bayou on the west side of the river. Tenebrous: Dark; gloomy: dusky. Mimosa: The sensitive plant. Possibly the reference is to the "Pale horse and his rider." Sec Rev. VI, 8. Stroke of doom: The final calamity. The culmination of fat* or destiny. See lines 700, 1145, 1244. Desert: Here means a wilderness; a solitude. Lakes formed by a broadeniug of th^ river. 816. 819. 820. 621-2. 837. 840. 842. 843. 853. 856. 865. 868-9. 871. 878. 885. 889. 890. 914. 924. 953. 956. 961. 970. 978. felf^SSfefiefjfe'- 3«e mesning of 816. iful River. Oo 819. oil. 820. 821-2. e waters of the 837. he yellow clay 840. ay, 1765, about 842. Orleans. Lou- 762, but did not 843. ntil 1760. The the wandering iea to form aet- 853. fterward formed om the German ) Point Coupee. a portion of the 856. ^y of Louisiana. 865. 868-9. 871. want, having au 878. ttached a pouch Has. 889. Ailed the China er. ommerce. 890. 914. 924. 953. his rider." Sec 956. mina^ion of fat^ 961. 970. 978. SVANOKtINS. 65 Waahita or Ouachita waa the Indian name for the male deer. The deer fed on the tender twiga of this willow. Copt: Anything extending over the head. Trumpet flower; The trumpet honeysuckle. See Genesis XXVIII, 10-12. Palmelto: A species of palm tree growing in southern states. See arms of State of S. C. Refers to 821-4. Tholes: Pins in the gunwale of a boat to keep the oars in the row-lock. Trance: A stnte in which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into another state of being, or to be wrapped into visions. Buoy; A float; used to mark channels, rocks or shoals. When a ship leaves her anchorage intending to return soon, the cable of the anchor is fastened to a buoy, thus saving the labor of hoisting and casting the heavy anchor, Teche (tesh) : A navigable bayou of I^a. Magician; A conjurer. IVand: A rod used by conjurers/ supposed to possess magical charms. See line 11. See line 865. Bacchantes: Devotees of Bacchus, the god of wine. Amber; Resembling amber in color; yellowish. Mistletoe: A parasitic evergreen plant bearing a glutinous fruit. A variety grows in the southern states. When found upon the oak, where it is rare, it was an object of superstitious regard among the Druids. Yule-tide: Christmas time. Sombrero: A kind of broad brimmed hat See line 635. Ozark Mts.; Low mountains of southern Missouri. Fates; The three goddesses who were supposed to determine the course of human life. Olympus: A mountain of Ancient Greece, the abode of the gods. Ci-devant: Former; previous. In tropical regions there is little or no twilight, line with 172 and 574-5. Coutras!: '.h\a 60 EVANGEUNB. 984. Natchitoches: A parish of N. W. La. 988-9. Refer to the cold climate and stony soil of Nova Scotia. 991-2. A very strong hyperbole. 1006. See page 285, 1009. Creoles: People bom in America or the West Indies, of Euro- pean ancestors. It is also applied to anyone born within the tropics. 1019. See line 415. 1033. Carthusian: A monk of the Carthusian order, which is the strict- est and most severe in its rules of all religious societies. One of its rules enforces almost perpetual silence. The monks talk together but once a week. 1041 See line 352. 1044. *'Upharsin:" See Daniel V. "The handwriting on the wall." 1054. See line 627. 1057. Oracular: From oracle, an answer from a god among the heathen to an inquiry made. 1060-1. Probable reference to Luke VII, 37-38. 1063. See Luke XV, 11-32. 1064. See Matthew XXV, 1-13. 1075. Garrulous: Indulging in long prosy talk; loquacious. 1082. Oregon: The Columbia river. Wallevmy: Probably the Walla Walla, which flows into the Columbia at Wallulu in Washington. Owyhee: Kiver 350 miles long. Rises in N. Nevada and flows into the Snake River. 1083-4. See map of northwestern states. 1091. Amorpha: False indigo. One variety is called the /«?« was begun in 1698. Wilson the ornithologist is buried in iU churchyara. See Exodus XII, 3-14. See Introductory and Chapter VI. See Chapter IV. The poem of Evangeline was published in 1847. 12%. 1298. 1308. 1314-16, 1318. 1355-6 1390-1 1392-7 , of the United avia was one of and Bohemia, mtry and early at West. forest land of Bt and west, are , Chestnut, etc. :s who presided solemn form in night and called Twelve o'clock , a courier rode lage, the watch- and Comwallis e distance out- f of yellow fever tlnut street has ministering and 11696. Wilson BVANGTT..rra. PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OP PROPER NAMES AND FOREIGN WORDS EVANGELINE. IN Th« diieritlcal mRrk* given below tn thoae found in the latest edition of Wdh ■ter'e loternational Dictionaiy. EXPLANATION OF MARKS. A Dull (*) kbore the vowel denote* tlie \oag sound. A Curve (") nbove the vowel denotes the t hort sound. A Circumflex Accent C^) ubove the vowels a or u denotes the sound of • in cStVt or of u in iQrii ; nbove the vowel o it denctes tlie sound of o in Orik A Dot (' ) above the vowel a denotes the sound of a >u paai.. A Double Dot (") above the vowel a denotes the iwund of a in ctAr. - A Double Dot (.,) below the vowel u denotes the sound of u in tr|i*• PUber Felieiaa (tttfihntm). roDUiM4|ul-bout (lOnlitin-kS-Mb). Oabrfal Lajeunene (m-tlit-uia'). OupeNMi (gitt-pS-rO'). OnadMibttttan (giiK^ii-hHt'So). OniMl-Pr« (gtVoh-prS'). BtrOdttD*. HocM HellmleM (blKri hn-Unnt-il). IsMe da BatiUi (di rK-ii-yS'). lUvaiMgli (kl*'i-ut). Uk CM du C«TWu> (U UI dn kK-vO'X La Oain Udn (U gtU^i* Uf dri). UHKra. LK Sidle, Le CariUoB d* DuakwqM (HI klr4> yttah'didiin-kirk'). LtUclia (UMMiO- UUnwi fIVIT-nB). Louitbatf QSVT-barg). LoupiPHroa (MS^Sr-fifiO. Bwhn da elupaUe {uifU M Oilt^a/). lbVU(ml-I«^)- Mhiw Buln (mWUi bMto). HatebttoelMa (aRek148ik). ntpCntlit. OpeleuiM (itp4-Uiyifa). Outra-Mar (SHr-mii^ Owybca. PluftmAquBd'dy. nam C^ielle ipMi' kS-pOO- FIi^quTd. Plaquamine, Bayou «{(pllk-mlii', WO). Pluquat ipIn-kiO- Pointe Couptie (pwlnht k<»-pl'). Pqitou (pwK-tSB'). Itoii« UbIaiM (rS-nS' nMdlohkfV RoclieUa (r^sliniO. R(»iini(r8*4i'iit). St. Haur (Onh nSrO- Saintonge (duh'tSiihihOk BIm'idu KgiaUfOt, aaragUo (kt-rlfyS). Siena (iS-Puft). Silpbium laciniatoa (iTVfT-Bm IMTa-t* S'tBm). StraiU o( MeMina (mb-if n*). Ticba(tisli). Tout lea Bourgaott da Chaiteaa (OT II bBSrihwIi^ dS ■hKttr). Vphania (S-nr'iTu). Utreelit (Q'trinct). Vendte (viiulHlS^ voyageuT (v wll-yll-ihb»). WacMU(weib^-U»). Wallaway (wSUt-wI). wita-woM. WicacoCwS-klCkB). ZinM(airka«)i Th I Bearc t Stanc Stan^ t Loud 1 Speal Th 1 Leap 1 Whe; Men Dark BO. •mill', vnt). k-p"'). hihkf). r-Bm IMTa-t' 'a*). MteM(tniS BVANGBLINB. 69 EVANGELINE. PRELUDE. This is the forest primeval. The murmuring pines and the hemlocks, Bearded with moss, and in garments green, indis- tinct in the twilight. Stand like Druids of eld, with voices sad and pro- phetic, Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms. Loud from its rocky caverns, the deep-voiced neigh- boring ocean Speaks, and in accents disconsolate answers the wail of the forest. This is the forest primeval; but where are the hearts that beneath it Leaped like the roe, when he hears in the woodland the voice of the huntsman? Where is the thatch-roofed village, the home of Aca- dian farmers — Men whose lives glided on like rivers that water the woodlands. Darkened by shadows of earth, but reflecting an image of heaven? .J- 70 BVANGBUNA. Waste are those pleasant farms, and the farmers for- ever departed! Scattered like dust and leaves, when the mighty blasts of October Seize them, and whirl them aloft, and sprinkle them far o'er the ocean. Naught but tradition remains of the beautiful village ofGrand-Pre. *' Ye who believe in affection that hopes, and endures, and is patient, Ye who believe in the bef^uty and strength of wo- man's devotion. List to the mournful tradition still sung by the pines of the forest; List to a Tale of Love in Acadie, home of the happy. PART THE FIRST. I. In the Acadian land, on the shores of the Basin of Minas, " Distant, secluded, still, the little village of Grand- Pre Lay in the fruitful valley. Vast meadows stretched to the eastward. Giving the village its name and pasture to flocks without number. Dikes, that the hands of th^ farmers had raised with labor incessant. Shut out the turbulent tides; but at stated seasons the flood-gates " Opened and welcomed the sea to wander at will o'er the meadows. armers for- he mighty inkle them iful village 16 d endures, gfth of wo- ^ the pines the happy. PA tMtmvmmamtm nmHrvm-^mgtWfvvii*^ lie Basin of so of Grand- 5 stretched e to flocks raised with ;ed seasons at will o'er EVANGEtlNE. 71 West and south there were fields of flax, and orchards and cornfields Spreading afar and unfenced o'er the plain; and away to the northward Blomidon rose, and the forests old, and aloft on the mountains Sea-fogs pitched their tents, and mists from the mighty Atlantic * Looked on the happy valley, but ne'er from their sta- tion descended. There, in the midst of its farms, reposed the Acadian village. Strongly built were the houses, with frames of oak and of hemlock, Such as the peasants of Normandy built in the reign of the Henries. Thatched were the roofs, with dormer-windows; and gables projecting " Over the basement below protected and shaded the doorway. . There in the tranquil evenings of summer, when brightly the sunset Lighted the village street, and gilded the vanes on the chimneys, Matrons and maidens sat in snow-white caps and in kirtles Scarlet and blue and green, with distafls spinning the golden *" Flax for the gossiping looms, whose noisy shuttles within doors Mingled their sound with the whir of the wheels and the songs of the maidens. 72 BVANOBLINB. 4» Solemnly down the street came the parish priest, and the children Paused in their play to kiss the hand he extended to bless them. Reverend walked he among them ; and up rose ma trons and maidens, Hailing his slow approach with words of affectionate welcome. Then came the laborers home from the field, and se- renely the sun sank Down to his rest, and twilight prevailed. Anon from the belfry Softly the Angelus sounded, and over the roofs of the village Columns of pale blue smoke, like clouds of incense ascending, *' Rose from a hundred hearths, the homes of peace and contentment. Thus dwelt together in love these simple Acadian farmers, — Dwelt in the love of God and of man. Alike were they free from Fear, that reigns with the tyrant, and envy, the vice of republics. Neither locks had they to their doors, nor bars to their windows ; " But their dwellings were open as day and the hearts of the owners; There the richest was poor, and the poorest lived in abundance. Somewhat apart from the village, and nearer the Basin of Minas, Benedi Gi Dwelt ( hi Gentle th Stalwo wi Heart} sn White br Fair v su Black th Black, si Sweet in When n< Flagot tl Fairer fr Sprinl hi Sprinl u; Down h 1 BVANOBUNS. 73 L priest, and extended to ap rose ma- 4<'> afifectionate eld, and se- Anon from lie roofs of ) of incense 80 )f peace and )le Acadian Alike were vy, the vice nor bars to 86 i the hearts •est lived in nearer the Benedict Bellefontaine, the wealthiest farmer of Grand-Pre, Dwelt on his goodly acres ; and with him, directing his household. Gentle Evangeline lived, his child, and the pride of the village. Stal worth and stately in form was the man of seventy winters ; Hearty and hale was he, an oak that is covered with snow-flakes; White as the snow were his locks, and his cheeks as brown as the oak-leaves. Fair was she to behold, that maiden of seventeen summers; * Black were her eyes as the berry that grows on the thorn by the wayside. Black, yet how soflly they gleamed beneath the brown shade of her tresses 1 Sweet was her breath as the breath of kine that feed in the meadows. When in the harvest heat she bore to the reapers at noontide Flagons of home-brewed ale, ah! fair in sooth was the maiden. ^ Fairer was she, when on Sunday mom, while the bell from its turret Sprinkled with holy sounds the air, as the priest with his hyssop Sprinkles the congregation, and scatters bessings upon them Down the long street she passed, with her chaplet of beads and her missal. 74 BVANGBLINB. I* Wearing her Norman cap and her kirtle of blue, and the ear-rings '"' Brought in the olden time from France, and since, as an heirloom, Handed down from mother to child, through long generations. But a celestial brightness — a more ethereal beauty — Shone on her face and encircled her form, when, after confession. Homeward serenely she walked with God's benedic- tion upon her. ** When, she had passed, it seemed like the ceasing of exquisite music. Firmly builded with rafters of oak, the house of the farmer Stood on the side of a hill commanding the sea; and a shady Sycamore grew by the door, with a woodbine wreath- ing around it. Rudely carved was the porch, with seats beneath; and a footpath * Led through an orchard wide, and disappeared in the meadow. Under the sycamore-tree were hives overhung by a penthouse. Such as the traveler sees in regions remote by the roadside. Built o'er a box for the poor, or the blessed image of Mary. . Farther down, on the slope of the hill, was the well with its moss-grown «» Bucket, fastened with iron, and near it a trough for the horses. Shieldi th( There ! pl( There ^ fea Strutte th< Voice 1 Pe Burstic lag Far o'e sta Under 1 coi There t cei Murmu an Numbe mt Thus far Lived c his Many a his Fixed 1 de\ Happy of glflBljqBi|j|lV'''Wlipi^liit%WWI*i'MP>iHM i">''i '■■■^V BVANOBLINV. n f blue, and id since, as ough long ,1 beauty — ivhen, after I's benedic- ceasing of e house of le sea; and ine wreath- ineath; and 86 ared in the hung by a lote by the d image of IS the well 00 trough for Shielding the house from storms, on the north, were the bams and the farmyard; There stood the broad-wheeled wains and the antique plows and harrows; There were the folds for the sheep, and there in his feathered seraglio. Strutted the lordly turkey, and crowed the cock, with the selfsame "» Voice that in ages of old had startled the penitent Peter. Bursting with hay were the bams, themselves a vil- lage. In each one Far o'er the gable projected a roof of thatch; and a staircase, Under the sheltering eaves, led up to the odorous cornloft. There too the dove-cot stood, with its meek and inno- cent inmates "w Murmuring ever of love; while above in the vari- ant breezes Numberless noisy weathercocks rattled and sang of mutation. Thus, at peace with God and the world, the farmer of Grand-Pre Lived on his sunny farm, and Evangeline governed his household. Many a youth, as he knelt in the church and opened his missal, »<» Fixed his eyes upon her as the saint of his deepest devotion; Happy was he who might touch her hand or the hem of her garmenti T6 VVANOBLINS. m Many a suitor came to her door, by the darkness be- friended, And, as he knocked and waited to hear the sound of her footsteps, Knew not which beat the louder, his heart or the knocker of iron; Or, at the joyous feast of the Patron Saint of the vil- lage, Bolder grew, and pressed her hand in the dance as he whispered Hurried words of love, that seemed a part of the music. But among all who came young Gabriel only was welcome; Gabriel Lajeunesse, the son of Basil the black- smith, Who was a mighty man in the village, and honored of all men ; For since the birth of time, throughout all ages and nations. Has the craft of the smith been held in repute by the people. Basil was Benedict's friend. Their children from earliest childhood Grew up together as brother and sister; and Father Felician, "" Priest and pedagogue both in the village, had taught them their letters Out of the selfsame book, with the hymns of the church and the plain-song. But when the hymn was sung, and tlie daily lesson completed, Swiftly bla There s bel Take ii pla Nailing of I Lay lili cin Oft on i dai Burstin eve Warmi bel And as the Merrily the Oft on j ea( Down t me Oft in t on Seeking the Brings of] Lucky 1 swi m mmm XVANOXI.INB. 7T rkness be- e sound of irt or the no of the vil- lance as he art of the [ only was the black- 116 id honored 11 ages and )ute by the Idren from md Father 180 had taught mns of the laily lesson Swiftly they hurried away to the forge of Basil the blacksmith. There at the door they stood, with wondering eyes to behold him *" Take in his leathern lap the hoof of the horse as a plaything, Nailing the shoe in its place ; while near him the tire of the cart-wheel Lay like a fiery snake, coiled round in a circle of cinders. Oft on autumnal eves, when without in the gathering darkness Bursting with light seemed the smithy, through every cranny and crevice, *" Warm by the forge within they watched the laboring bellows, And as its panting ceased, and the sparks expired in the ashes, Merrily laughed, and said they were nuns going into the chapel. Oft on sledges in winter, as swift as the swoop of the Down the hillside bounding, they glided away o'er the meadow. ** Oft in the bams they climbed to the populous nests on the rafters. Seeking with eager eyes that wondrous stone, which the swallow Brings from the shore of the sea to restore the sight of its fledglings; Lucky was he who found that stone in the nest of the swallow I 78 KVANGEWNR. Thus passed a few swift years, and they no longer were children. He was a valiant youth, and his face, like the face of the morning, Gladdened the earth with its light, and ripened thought into action. She was a woman now, with the heart and hopes of a woman. "Sunshine of St. Eulalie" was she called; for that was the sunshine Which, as the farmers believed, would load their orchards with apples; She too would bring to her husband's house delight and abundance. Filling it full of love and ruddy faces of children. SECOND READING. Now had the season returned, when the nights grow colder and longer. And the retreating sun the sign of the Scorpion en- ters. Birds of passage sailed through the leaden air, from the ice-bound. Desolate northern bays to the shores of tropical islands. Harvests were gathered in; and wild with the winds of September Wrestled the trees of the forest, as Jacob of old with tne angel. All the signs foretold a winter long and inclement. Bees, with prophetic instiuct of want, had hoarded their honey ^ Y no longer 140 t the face of md ripened d hopes of a :d; for that load their 145 )use delight children. L the nights scorpion en- en air, from lEO of tropical h the winds > of old with inclement, had hoarded BVANGBUNB. 79 Till the hives overflowed; and the Indian hunters as- serted Cold would the winter be, for thick was the fur of the foxes. Such was the advent of autumn. Then followed that beautiful season. Called by the pious Acadian peasants the Summer of All-Saints! Filled was the air with a dreamy and magical light; and the landscape »«» Lay as if new-created in all the freshness of childhood. Peace seemed to reign upon earth, and the restless heart of the ocean Was for a moment consoled. All sounds were in harmony blended. Voices of children at play, the crowing of cocks in the farm-yards, Whir of wings in the drowsy air, and the cooing of pigeons »« All were subdued and low as the murmurs of love, and the great sun lyooked with the eye of love through the golden va- pors around him; While arrayed in its robes of russet and scarlet and yellow. Bright with the sheen of the dew, each glittering tree of the forest Flashed like the plane-tree the Persian adorned with mantles and jewels. -170 Now recommenced the reign of rest and aflFection and stillness. I 80 SVANOBLINS. Day with its burden and heat had departed, and twi- light descending Brought back the evening star to the sky, and the herds to the homestead. Pawing the ground they came, and resting their necks on each other, And with their nostrils distended inhaling the fresh- ness of evening. ^ *" Foremost, bearing the bell, Evangeline's beautiful heifer, Proud of her snow-white hide, and the ribbon that waved from her collar. Quietly paced and slow, as if conscious of human affection. Then came the shepherd back with his bleating flocks from the seaside. Where was their favorite pasture. Behind them followed the watch-dog, ** Patient, full of importance, and grand in the pride of his instinct. Walking from side to side with a lordly air, and superbly Waving his bushy tail, and urging forward the stragglers ; Regent of flocks was he when the shepherd slept; their protector, When from the forest at night, through the starry silence, the wolves howled. ' "* Late, with the rising moon, returned the wains from the marshes, Laden with briny hay, that filled the air with its odor. irt^^=CiP-*-«Saiir?iftd»«r' i^ BVANGBUNE. 81 and twi- and the ng their lie fresh- 175 beautiful bon that r human LUg flocks id them 180 ; pride of ' air, and »rard the rd slept; he starry m lins from with its Cheerily neighed the steeds, with dew on their manes and their fetlocks. While aloft on their shoulders the wooden and pon- derous saddles, Painted with brilliant dyes, and adorned with tassels of crimson, •* Nodded in bright array, like hollyhocks heavy with blossoms. Patiently stood the cows meanwhile, and yielded their udders Unto the milkmaid's hand; whilst loud and in regular cadence Into the sounding pails the foaming streamlets de- scended. Lowing of cattle and peals of laughter were heard in the farm-yard, ** Echoed back by the barns. Anon they sank into stillness; Heavily closed, with a jarring sound, the valves of the barn-doors. Rattled the wooden bars, and all for a season was silent. In-doors, warm by the wide-mouthed fireplace, idly the farmer Sat in his elbow-chair, and watched how the flames and the smoke-wreaths ^ Struggled together like foes in a burning city. Be- hind him. Nodding and mocking along the wall with gestures fantastic. Darted his own huge shadow, and vanished away into darkness. mt n2 EVANGELINE. m P KM r-l Faces, clumsily carved in oak, on the back of his arm-chair, Laughed in the flickering light, and the pewter plates on the dresser ** Caught and reflected the flame, as shields of armies the sunshine. Fragments of song the old man sang, and carols of Christmas, Such as at home, in the olden time, his fathers before him Sang in their Norman orchards and bright Burgun- dian vineyards. Close at her father's side was the gentle Evangeline seated, '••" Spinning flax for the loom that stood in the corner behind her. Silent awhile were its treadles, at rest was its diligent shuttle, While the monotonous drone of the wheel, like the drone of a bagpipe, Followed the old man's song, and united the fragments together. As in a church, when the chant of the choir at inter- vals ceases, ^^ Footfalls are heard in the aisles, or words of priest at the altar, So, in each pause of the song, with measured motion the clock clicked. Thus as they sat, there were footsteps heard, and, suddenly lifted. Sounded the wooden latch, and the door swung back on its hinges. Benedi( th« And hy wi "Welcc pa "V/elcc on Close 1 wi Take fi tol Never ; cu Smoke fa( Round of Then, i bli Taking sic "Benec tb Ever ii fit Gloom^ th Happy a] Pausin br i :k of his ter plates 305 )f armies carols of :rs before Burgun- rangeline 210 le corner 3 diligent , like the ragments r at inter- 815 ■ priest at id motion :ard, and, ung back EV ANGELINA. 89 Benedict knew by the hob-nailed shoes it was Basil the blacksmith, *"" And by her beating heart Evangeline knew who was with him. "Welcome!" the farmer exclaimed, as their footsteps paused on the threshold, "V/elcome, Basil, my friend! Come, take thy place on the settle Close by the chimney-side, which is always empty without thee; Take from the shelf overhead thy t)ipe and the box of tobacco; Never so much thyself art thou as when, through the curling Smoke of the pipe or the forge, thy friendly and jovial face gleams Round and red as the harvest moon through the mist of the marshes." Then, with a smile of content, thus answered Basil the blacksmith, Takine: with easy air the accustomed seat by the fire- side:- . ^ . "Benedict Bellefontaine, thou hast ever thy jest and' thy ballad! Ever in cheerfuUest mood art thou, when others are filled with Gloomy forebodings of ill, and see only ruin before them. Happy art thou, ixn if every day thou hadst picked up a horseshoe." Pausing a moment, to take the pipe that Evangeline brought him, ""' 335 84 BVANGBI,INB. And with a coal from the embers had lighted, he slowly continued: — "Four days now are passed since the English ships at their anchors Ride in the Gaspereau's mouth, with their cannon pointed against us. What their design may be is unknown; but all are commanded On the morrow to meet in the church, where his Majesty's mandate ^*' Will be proclaimed as law in the land. Alas! in the mean time Many surmises of evil alarm the hearts of the people." Then made answer the farmer: — "Perhaps some friendlier purpose Brings these snips to our shores. Perhaps the har- vests in England By untimely rains or untimelier heat have been blighted, ^ And from our bursting bams they would feed their cattle and children." "Not so thinketh the folk in the village," said warmly the blacksmith. Shaking his head as in doubt; then, heaving a sigh, he continued: — "Louisburg is not forgotten, nor Beau Sejour, nor Port Royal. Many already have fled to the forest, and lurk on its outskirts, ^ Wuting with anxious hearts the dubious fate of to- morrow. Arms have been taken from us, and warlike weapons of all kinds; Nothinj scy Then w far: "Safer £ anc Safer wi Than oi car Fear no of! Fall on ofl Built a oft Strongl the Filled t for Rene L inl Shall w OU] As apai hei Blushii ha( And, as ter Bent the ighted, he ^lish ships eir caunon )ut all are where his 240 las! in the he people." b^ips some s the har- have been 845 feed their aid warmly ig a sigh, jejour, nor lurk on its sso fate of to- ce weapons BVANGBLINB. 8S Nothing is left but the blacksmith's sledge and the scythe of the mower." Then with a pleasant smile made answer the jovial farmer: — "Safer are we unarmed, in the midst of our flocks and our cornfields, *** Safer within these peaceful dikes besieged by the ocean. Than our fathers in forts, besieged by the enemy's cannon. Fear no eAdl, my friend, and to-night may no shadow of sorrow Fall on this house and hearth; for this is the night of the contract. Built are the house and the barn. The merry lads of the village ** Strongly have built them and well; and, breaking the glebe round about them. Filled the barn with hay, and the house with food for a twelvemonth. Rene Leblanc will be here anon, with his papers and inkhom. Shall we not then be glad, and rejoice in the joy of our children ?" As apart by the window she stood, with her hand in her lover's, ^ Blushing Evangeline heard the words that her father had spoken. And, as they died on his lips, the worthy notary en- tered. THIRD READING. Bent like a laboring oar, that toils in the surf of the ocean, M «VANGEUN«. Bent, but not broken, by age was the form of the no- tary public ; Shocks of yellow hair, like the silken floss of the I. 270 maize, hung Over his shoulders; his forehead was high; and glasses with horn bows Sat astride on his nose, with a look of wisdom su- pernal. Father of twenty children was he, and more than a hundred Children's children rode on his knee, and heard his great watch tick. Four long years in the times of the war had he lan- guished a captive, Suffering much in an old French fort as the friend of the English. Now, though warier grown, without all guile or sus- picion, Ripe in wisdom was he, but patient, and simple, and childlike. He was beloved by all, and most of all by the chil- dren ; For he told them tales of the Loup-garou in the forest, And of the goblin that came in the night to water the horses, And of the white Letiche, the ghost of a child" who unchristened Died, and was doomed to haunt unseen the chambers of children; And how on Christmas eve the oxen talked in the stable. And how a nu And of tl and With whi lage. Then up blacl Knocked ing ] "Father thel And, pel ship; Then wit publ '* Gossip thei And wha othe Yet am I tion Brings tl moh "God's 1 irasc "Must V why Daily inj stroi But, witl tary " Man is EVANGELINB. 87 if the no- ss of the 270 igh; and sdom su- e than a leard his I he lan- 876 friend of le or sus- nple, and the chil- li in the 280 to water hild' who chambers id in the And how the fever was cured by a spider shut up in a nutshell, ^ And of the marvelous powers of four-leaved clover and horseshoes, With whatsoever else was writ in the lore of the vil- lage. Then up rose from his seat by the fireside Basil the blacksmith, Knocked from his pipe the ashes, and slowly extend- ing his right hand, "Father Leblanc," he exclaimed, "thou hast heard the talk in the village, ^ And, perchance, canst tell us some news of these ships and their errand." Then with modest demeanor made answer the notary public, — '* Gossip enough have I heard, in sooth, yet am never the wiser ; And what their errand may be I know no better than others. Yet am I not of those who imagine some evil inten- tion ^ Brings them here, for we are at peace ; and why then molest us?" "God's name!" shouted the hasty and somewhat irascible blacksmith ; "Must we in all things look for the how, and the why, and the wherefore ? Daily injustice is done, and might is the right of the strongest ! " But, without heeding his warmth, continued the no- tary public, — *" "Man is unjust, but God is just; and finally justice 88 BVANGBLINB. m Triumphs ; and well I remember a story, that often consoled me, When as a captive I lay in the old French fort at Port Royal." This was the old man's favorite tale, and he loved to repeat it When his neighbors complained that any injustice was done them. '** " Once in an ancient city, whose name I no longer remember, Raised aloft on a column, a brazen statute of Justice Stood in the public square, upholding the scales in its left hand. And in its right a sword, as an emblem that justice presided Over the laws of the land, and the hearts and homes of the people. "*' Even the birds had built their nests in the scales of the balance. Having no fear of the sword that ilashed in the sun- shine above them. But in the course of time the laws of the land were corrupted ; Might took the place of right, and the weak were oppressed, and the mighty Ruled with an iron rod. Then it chanced in a noble- man's palace ''^ That a necklace of pearls was lost, and ere long a suspicion Fell on an orphan girl who lived as maid in the household. She, after form of trial condemned to die on the scaf- fold, Patiently Justic As to hei cende Lol o'ert thunc Smote the its lei Down on 1 thebi And in tl magp Into whos( inwo\ Silenced, ended Stood like no lai All his tl face, i Freeze in the w ThenE table, Filled, tii; home- Nut-browr villag While fro and it Wrote wit partie that often ich fort at le loved to V injustice no longer of Justice e scales in lat justice and homes 810 e scales of n the sun- land were weak were in a noble- 315 ere long a aid in the in the scaf- BVANORUN9. S9 Patiently met her doom at the foot of the statue of Justice. As to her Father in heaven her innocent spirit as- cended, "* Lo I o'er the city a tempest rose ; and the bolts of the thunder Smote the statue of bronze, and hurled in wrath from its left hand Down on the pavement below the clattering scales of the balance, And in the hollow thereof was found the nest of a magpie, Into whose clay-built walls the necklace of pearls v inwoven." -^ Silenced, but not convinced, when the story was ended, the blacksmith Stood like a man who fain would speak, but findeth no language; All his thoughts were congealed into lines on his face, as the vapors Freeze in fantastic shapes on the window-panes in the winter. Then Evangeline lighted the brazen lamp on the table, ^ Filled, till it overflowed, the pewter tankard with home-brewed Nut-brown ale, that was famed for its strength in the village of Grand-Pre ; While from his pocket the notary drew his papers and inkhom. Wrote with a steady hand the date and the age of the parties, m 90 EVANOKUNR. Naming the dower of the bride in flocks of sheep and in cattle. *'' Orderly all things proceeded, and duly and well were completed, And the great seal of the law was set like a sun on the margin. Then from his leathern pouch thp farmer threw on the table Three times the old man's fee in solid pieces of silver ; And the notary rising, and blessing the bride and bridegroom, "" Lifted aloft the tankard of ale and drank to their welfare. Wiping the foam from his lip, he solemnly bowed and departed, While in silence the others ^at and mused by the fireside, Till Evangeline brought the draught-board out of its corner. Soon was the game begun. In friendly contention the old men '"' Laughed at each lUcky hit, or unsuccessful manoeuvre, Laughed when r m;i,. was crowned, or a breach was made in i- .. .,in^^ row. Meanwhile, TS'.rct, in the twilight gloom of a window's embras ir i, Sat the lovers and whispered together, beholding the moon rise Over the pallid sea and the silvery mist of the mead- ows. 860 Silently, one by one, in the infinite meadows of heaven, ^ sheep and ••K< I well were e a sun on r threw on 5 of silver ; bride and k to their bowed and sed by the i out of its contention nanceuvre, Dreach was 1 window's lolding the ■ the mead- aeadow$ of ^*, •s 1 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Inatituta for Hiatorical Microraproductiona / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Inatituta for Hiatorical IVIicroraproductiona / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa Blossomi ang( Thus the Rang ou strai Rose the the Many a i dooi Lingered glad Carefulb on t And on 1 fam Soon wit lowe Up the s ness Lighted '. mai( Silent sh door Simple tl and Ample a care Linen an W0V( This was EVANGEI.INB. 91 Blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels. Thus was the evening passed. Anon the bell from the belfry Rang out the hour of nine, the village curfew, and straightway Rose the guests and departed; and silence reigned in the household. «» Many a farewell word and sweet good-night on the door-step Lingered long in Evangeline's heart, and filled it with gladness. Carefully then were covered the embers that glowed on the hearth-stone, And on the oaken stairs resounded the tread of the farmer. Scon with a soundless step the foot of Evangeline fol- lowed. «» Up the staircase moved a luminous space in the dark- ness, Lighted less by the lamp than the shining face of the maiden. Silent she passed through the hall, and entered the door of her chamber. Simple that chamber was, with its curtains of white, and its clothes-press Ample and high, on whose spacious shelves were carefully folded *» Linen and woolen stuffs, by the hand of Evangeline woven This was the precious dower she would bring to her ht^sband in marriage^ iil "^i' msm J 92 SVANGBUMS. Better than flocks and herds, being proofs of her skill as a housewife. Soon she extingfuished her lamp, for the mellow and radiant moonlight Streamed through the windows, and lighted the room, till the heart of the maiden "* Swelled and obeyed its power, like the tremulous tides of the ocean. Ah! she was fair, exceeding fair to behold, as she stood with Naked snow-white feet on the gleaming floor of her chamberl Little she dreamed that below, among the trees of the orchard. Waited her lover and watched for the gleam of her lamp and her shadow. ^ "* Yet were her thoughts of him, and at times a feeling of sadness Passed o'er her soul, as the sailing shade of clouds in the moonlight Flitted across the floor and darkened the room for a moment. And, as she gazed from the window, she saw serenely the moon pass Forth from the folds of a cloud, and one star follow her footsteps, "° As out of Abraham's tent young Ishmael wandered with Hagar. FOURTH READING. Pleasantly rose next mom the sun on the village of Grand-Pre. 1 Pleasant Mir Where t ridi; Life had labc Knockec oftl Now fro neig Came ii peai Many a you Made th ous Where t int Group ai , the Long er< silei Thronge groi Sat,in tl getl Every h and For witl tog« All thin] was of her skill lellow and i the room, ulous tides »ld, as she oor of her trees of the am of her 875 's a feeling >f clonds in room for a iw serenely star follow 880 1 wandered -TO»ftv the village EVANGELINE. 93 Pleasantly gleamed in the soft, sweet air the Basin of Minas, Where the ships, with their wavering shadows, were riding at anchor. Life had been long astir in the village, and clamorous labor »* Knocked with its hundred hands at the golden gates of the morning. Now from the country around, from the farms and neighboring hamlets, Came in their holiday dresses the blithe Acadian peasants. Many a glad good- morrow and jocund laugh from the young folk Made the bright air brighter, as up from the numer- ous meadows, ** Where no path could be seen but the track of wheels in the greensward, Group after group appeared, and joined, or passed on . the highway. Long ere noon, in the village all sounds of labor were silenced. Thronged were the streets with people; and noisy groups at the house-doors Sat,in the cheerful sun, and rejoiced and gossiped to- gether. ** Every house was an inn, where all were welcomed and feasted; For with this pimple people, who lived like brothers together, All things were held in common, and what one had was another's. '■'^'''K^^afflBsssjiissaw^gi^^jasg^sis^s^sfe^asfc^ Hark! how those lips still repeat the prayer, 'O Father, forgive theml' Let us repeat that prayer in the hour when the wicked assail us, Let us repeat it now, and say, *0 Father, forgive them!' » Few were his words of rebuke, but deep in the hearts of his people Sank th sioi While t forj Then froi Fervent peo Not witl Av" Sang th wit Rose 01 tol Mean ill. Wander and Long at rig" Shieldit tha Lighted anc Peasant its Long w the There s wit m^- ke to his measured 466 inctly the : madness you, and : one an- d prayers 470 love and ,nd would ving with ss is gaz- and holy 476 rayer, 'O tie wicked :, forgive ;he hearts BVANGBLINB. 99 Sank they, and sobs of contrition succeeded the pas- sionate outbreak, ^ While they repeated his prayer and said, "O Father, forgfive theml" Then came the evening service. The tapers gleamed from the altar; Fervent and deep was the voice of the priest, and the people responded. Not with their lips alone, but their hearts; and the Ave Maria Sang they, and fell on their knees, and their souls, with devotion translated, ** Rose on the ardor of prayer, like Elijah ascending to heaveUi. Meanwhile had spread in the village the tidings of ill, and on all sides Wandered, wailing, from house to house the women and children. Long at her father's door Evangeline stood, with her right hand Shielding her eyes from the level rays of the sun, that, descending, **" Lighted the village street with mysterious splendor, and roofed each Peasant's cottage with golden thatch, and emblazoned its windows. Long within had been spread the snow-white cloth on the table; There stood the wheaten loaf, and the honey fragrant with wild flowers ; ;»:#r -viHiM 4>.> ■''^j.i^-ivi^^'.ir. ,^^-'ii/**";-i ' mf^ 100 SVANORUNB. There stood the tankard of ale, and the cheese fresh brought from the dairy ; ** And at the head of the board the great arm-chair of the farmer. Thus did Evangeline wait at her father's door, as the sunset Threw the long shadows of trees o'er the broad am- brosial meadows. Ah I on her spirit within a deeper shadow had fallen, And from the fields of her soul a fragrance celestial ascended, — """ Charity, meekness, love, and hope, and forgiveness, and patience ! Then, all forgetful of self, she wandered into the village, Cheering with looks and words the mournful hearts of the women, As o'er the darkening fields with lingering steps they departed. Urged by their household cares, and the weary feet of their children. "* Down sank the great red sun, and in golden, glim- mering vapors Veiled the light of his face, like the Prophet descend- ing from Sinai. Sweetly over the village the bell of the Angelus sounded. Meanwhile, amid the gloom, by the church Evan- geline lingered. All was silent within; and in vain at the door and the windows "" Stood by "Gabri no Came i Slowly of Smouh th Empty pli Sadly i ch In the ra Loud c th Keenl) ec Told h W( Thens iu Soothei sit Foui thi Cheeril fai Esese fresh i-chair of ) door, as broad am- idow had : celestial 600 rgiveness, 1 into the ful hearts steps they veary feet BOB len, glim- t descend- Angelus rch Evan- or and the uo uv-^m 8VAN0RLINR. 101 Stood she, and listened atul looked, until, overcome by emotion "Gabriell" cried she aloud with tremulous voice, but no answer Came from the graves of the dead, nor the gloomier grave of the living. Slowly at length she returned to the tenantless house of her father. Smouldered the fire on the hearth, on the board was the supper untasted. ■"' Empty and drear was each room, and haunted with phantoms of terror. Sadly echoed her step on the stair and the floor of her chamber. In the dead of the night she heard the disconsolate rain fall Loud on the withered leaves of the sycamore-tree by the window. Keenly the lightning flashed; and the voice of the echoing thunder «» Told her that God was in heaven and governed the world He created! Then she remembered the tale she had heard of the justice of Heaven; Soothed was her troubled soul, and she peacefully slumbered till morning. FIFTH READING. Four times the sun had risen and set; and now on the fifth day Cheerily called the cock to the sleeping maids of the farm-house. ■* i-m -mmmmm WittMiKmifamis^mmmmmmimiam ;,-f 102 EVANGELINK. Soon o'er the yellow fields, in silent and mournful procession, Came from the neighboring hamlets and farms the Acadian women, Driving in ponderous wains their household goods to the sea-shore, Pausing and looking back to gaze once more on their dwellings. Ere they were shut from sight by the winding road and the woodland. "*" Close at their sides their children ran, and urged on the oxen. While in their little hands they clasped some frag- ments of playthings. ■ Thus to the Gaspereau's mouth they hurried; and there on the sea-beach Piled in confusion lay the household goods of the peasants. All day long between the shore and the ships did the boats ply; ^ All day long the wains. came laboring down from the village. Late in the afternoon, when the sun was near to his setting, Echoed far o'er the fields came the roll of drums fronj the churchyard. Thither the women and children thronged. On a sudden the church-doors Opened, and forth came the guard, and marching in gloomy procession "*" Followed the long-imprisoned, but patient, Acadian farmers. Even ai Sing a ai So wit S( Down a: Foren tl Sang "Sacr( Fill oi a Then tl Joinec . s] Ming] d Ha] s; Noto a Calml a And £ Tears n Clasp "^r^ mournful farms the d goods to re on their iding road 530 i urged on some frag- rried; and ods of the ips did the 635 a from the ear to his rums fronj ed. On a arching in 540 t, Acadian BVAKGBLINS. loa Even as pilgrims, who journey afar from their homes and their country, Sing as they go, and in singing forget they are" weary and wayworn. So with songs on their lips the Acadian peasants de- scended Down from the church to the shore, amid their wives and their daughters. "* Foremost the young men came; and raising together their voices, Sang with tremulous lips a chant of the Catholic Missions: — "Sacred heart of the Saviour! O inexhaustible fountain I Fill our hearts this day with strength and submission and patience!" Then the old men, as they marched, and the women that stood by the wayside ^ Joined in the sacred psalm, and the birds in the sun- shine above them Mingled their notes therewith, like voices of spirits departed. Halfway down to the shore Evangeline waited in silence. Not overcome with grief, but strong in the hour of affliction, — Calmly and sadly she waited, until the procession approached her, *" And she beheld the face of Gabriel pale with emotion. Tears then filled her eyes, and, eagerly running to meet him, Clasped she his hands, and laid her head on his shoulder, and whispered, — Si'il^- ^^a^msmmmmi^'' 104 BVANGELINE. "Gabriel I be of good cheer 1 for if we love one another Nothing, in truth, can harm us, whatever mischances may happen I" "" Smiling she spake these words; then suddenly paused, for her father Saw she, slowly advancing. Alas ! how changed was his aspect! Gone was the glow from his cheek, and the fire from his eye, and his footstep Heavier seemed with the weight of the heavy heart in his bosom. But with a smile and a sigh, she clasped his neck and embraced him, *" Speaking words of endearment where words of com- fort availed not. Thus to the Gasperau's mouth moved on that mourn- ful procession. There disorder prevailed, and the tumult and stir of embarking. Busily plied the freighted boats ; and in the confusion Wives were torn from their husbands, and mothers, too late, saw their children "* Left on the land, extending their arms, with wildest entreaties. So unto separate ships were Basil and Gabriel carried, While in despair on the shore Evangeline stood with her father. Half the task was not done when the sun went down, and the twilight Deepened and darkened around; and in haste the refluent ocean "" Fled a\ sai Coverec sli] Farthei tht Like to All escj th( Lay en far Back tc 0C( Draggi lea Inland saj Then, frc Sweet y frc Lowing ba Waited of Silence Ai Rose n frc But be love one ischances 50O y paused, aged was fire from ivy heart his neck 566 s of com- it mourn* t and stir confusion mothers. 670 h wildest il carried, tood with mt down, haste the 67S EVANGELINE. 105 Fled away from the shore, and left the line of the sand-beach Covered with waifs of the tide, with kelp and the slippery sea-weed. Farther back in the midst of the household goods and the wagons, Like to a gypsy camp, or a leaguer after a battle. All escape cut o£F by the sea, and the sentinels near them. Lay encamped for the night the houseless Acadian farmers. Back to its nethermost caves retreated the bellowing ocean, Dragging adown the beach the rattling pebbles, and leaving Inland and far up the shore the strs^nded boats of the sailors. Then, as the night descended, the herds returned from their pastures, "" Sweet was the moist still air with the odor of milk from their udders Lowing they waited, and long, at the well-known bars of the farm-yard, — Waited and looked in vain for the voice and the hand of the milkmaid. Silence reigned in the streets ; from the church no Angelus sounded, Rose no smoke from the roofe, and gleamed no lighte from the windows. *°" SBO But on the shores meanwhile the evening fires had been kindled, ■■■«' riii'aiwrMWi pfff ■^t. tiiiiJ^ r 106 BVANGBUNB. Built of the drift-wood thrown on the sands from wrecks in the tempest. Round them shapes of gloom and sorrowful faces were gathered, Voices of women were heard, and of men, and the crying of children. Onward from fire to fire, as from hearth to hearth in his parish, ^ Wandered the faithful priest, consoling and blessing and cheering, Like unto shipwrecked Paul on Melita's desolate sea- shore. Thus he approached the place where Evangeline sat with her father. And in the flickering light beheld the face of the old man. Haggard and hollow and wan, and without either thought or emotion, *" E'en as the face of a clock from which the hands have been taken. Vainly Evangeline strove with words and caresses to cheer him. Vainly offered him food; yet he moved not, he looked not, he spake not, But, with a vacant stare, ever gazed at the flickering fire-light. ''^BenediciteV'* murmured the priest, in tones of com- passion. "* More he fain would have said, but his heart was full, and his accents Faltered and paused on his lips, as the feet of a child on a threshold, . Hushec en* Silentlj ma Raising the Moved SOI Then si in Sudd the Moon c hoi Titan-li an( Seizing shs Broadei the Gleame lay Column flai Thrust qui Then, a tha Whirlet hui Started mil inds from Faces were and the hearth in 605 1 blessing iolate sea- >^eline sat jf the old ut either 000 ands have aresses to he looked flickering IS of com- 005 t was full, of a child HHU KVANGELINE. 107 Hushed by the scene he beholds, and the awful pres- ence of sorrow. Silently, therefore, he laid his hand on the head of the maiden, Raising his tearful eyes to the silent stars that above them «'» Moved on their way, unperturbed by the wrongs and sorrows of mortals. Then sat he down at her side, and they wept together in silence. Suddenly rose from the south a light, as in autumn the blood-red Moon climbs the crystal walls of heaven, and o'er the horizon Titan-like stretches its hundred hands upon mountain and meadow, '" Seizing the rocks and the rivers, and piling huge shadows together. Broader and ever broader it gleamed on the roofs of the village. Gleamed on the sky and the sea, and the ships that lay in the roadstead. Columns of shining smoke uprose, and flashes of flame were Thrust through their folds and withdrawn, like the quivering hands of a martyr "** Then, as the wind seized the gleeas and the burning thatch, and, uplifting. Whirled them aloft through the air, at once from a hundred house-tops Started the sheeted smoke with flashes of flame inter- mingled. 5%^ fUy i P ' -""^ ■ * ( . >i w wi i