■H 
 
 
 ^. 
 
 •■ai 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-S) 
 
 
 <»^ 
 
 <*- 
 
 1.0 !;: 
 
 i.l 
 
 ■" Ki 12.2 
 
 
 Hi 
 
 2.0 
 
 1.25 II 1.4 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.6 
 
 p% 
 
 
 -9; 
 
 '>> 
 
 
 ^^'ol^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 / 
 
 4 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 PholDgr4)hic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
r ' / 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
 V 
 
 1981 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy availabte for filming. Features of this 
 copy which may be bibliographically unique, 
 which may alter any of the images in the 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de coulei'r 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 □ 
 
 Couverture endommagee 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaur6e et/ou pellicul6e 
 
 □ Cover title missing/ 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 r~l^ Coloured maps/ 
 
 I I Cartes gdographiques en couleur 
 
 r~y Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 I I Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 
 D 
 
 \71 
 
 H' 
 
 D 
 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 Reii6 avec d'autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion le long de la maige intdrieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes 
 lors d'une restauretion apparaissent dans le texte, 
 mais, iorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas 6t6 film^es. ^ 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires suppl6mentaires; 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'il lui a 6t6 possiblo de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-£tre uniques du 
 point de vue bibMographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la methods normale de filmage 
 sont indiquds ci-dessous. 
 
 □ Coloured pages/ 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 □ Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagdes 
 
 r~7f Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 L_LI Pages restaur^es et/ou pelliculdes 
 
 n Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 Pages ddcolordes, tachet^es ou piqudes 
 
 □ Pages detached/ 
 Pages d6tach6es 
 
 rri^Showthrough/ 
 I i Transparence 
 
 j I Quality of print varies/ 
 
 Quality in^gale de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary material/ 
 Comprend du materia! suppiementaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 D 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, et*:., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partiellement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, 
 etc., ont 6t6 filmdes d nouveau de fagon d 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. 
 
 10X 
 
 
 
 
 14X 
 
 
 
 
 18X 
 
 
 
 
 22X 
 
 
 
 
 26X 
 
 
 
 
 30X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 v/ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 
 12X 
 
 
 
 
 16X 
 
 
 
 
 20X 
 
 
 
 
 24X 
 
 
 
 
 28X 
 
 
 
 32X 
 
 
The copy filmed h^re has been reproduced thanks 
 to the generosity of: 
 
 Library of the Public 
 Archives of Canada 
 
 L'exemplaire filmd fut reproduit grflce d la 
 g6n6rosit6 de: 
 
 La bibliothdque des Archives 
 publiques du Canada 
 
 The images appearing here are the best quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in Iceeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the laut page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back covei' when approprlato. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 The last recordec! vrame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol ^^> (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED "h or the symbol V (meaning "END' ), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, Igft to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 Les images suivant^s ont dt6 rrproduites avec le 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et 
 do la nettetd de l'exemplaire film6, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Ler exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprimde sont fiimds en commenpant 
 par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 J'impression ou d'illustratinn, soit par le second 
 plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires 
 originaux sont filmiis en commenpar ,38'' la 
 premidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la dernidre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la 
 dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon ie 
 cas: le symbols — ►signifie "A SUiVRE ", le 
 symbole V signifie "FIN". 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre 
 filings d des taux de reduction diffdrents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre 
 reproduit en un seui clichd, il est i\\m6 d partir 
 de I'angle sup6rieur jauche, de gauche d droite, 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images ndcessaiis. Les diagrammas suivants 
 iliustrent la mdthode. 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 T 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
¥ ' 
 
 
 J^-.,^- 
 ,%'"' \ 
 
 
 ^■-.■, 
 
 '1, . 
 
 ^ ' 1 
 
 4 
 
 ■'^A 
 
 ■?*.'*"*•«-' 
 
«■ 
 
 .■^v.,;.^.^. 
 
 ^.^-*'-j»*,i*,-«».a=m^"*»*tw«'K;--a%» " *-*.*..^t.v:i--,-.i3fa.j7, 
 
 4 
 
 P -W:i l H I HIIJ)l l l 
 
' ■'J'm<sm!mmmw'mi,}mm^!mim'imii-- %%im, 
 
 I DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, 
 
 I OrrAW*. 25th 'iAT, 1881. 
 
 f Whiriah circumstanoea hove rendered it expedient to effect 
 
 ^ certain changei in the policy of the GoTPrnmont rejpecting the 
 
 •dminiatratioD of Dominion Und«, PUBLIC NOTICE it hereby 
 ^ Sivtin ;- 
 
 I 1. The Regulations of the 14th Ootoher, 1879, are hercbjr 
 
 I rescinded, iinJ the following Kegulations for the diapoMil of ogri- 
 
 I eultaral lands are subntituted therefor : 
 
 I 2. The even-numbered sections within the Canadian Paoiflo 
 
 ^ Railway Belt — thil is to gay, lying within 24 miles on each side of 
 
 f the line of the said Railway, excepting thotm which may b« re- 
 
 . mured for wood-lot* in connection with settlers on prairie lands 
 
 f within the said belt, or which may be otherwise specially dealt 
 
 I with by the (iovernor in t'ouncil — shall be held excluaivel^ for 
 
 I; homesteads and pre-emptions. The odd-nambered sections within 
 
 the said Belt are Canadian Pacific Railway I^ands, and can only 
 I be acquired from the Company. 
 
 'i 3. The pn-euiptions entered within the said Belt of 24 miles oti 
 
 f, each side of the Canadian Pacific Railway, up to and including the 
 
 i 31st day of December next, shall be disposed of ut the rate of $!2.60 
 
 J per acre ; fonr-tenths of the purcJiase money, with interest on the 
 
 I Intter at the rate of six per cent, per annum, to be paid at the end 
 
 [i i)f three years from the date of entry, the remainder to be paid in 
 
 [j six equal iuHtalments annually from and after the said date, with 
 
 ^'- interest at the rate above mentioned on such portions of the pur- 
 
 !^ chase money as may from time to time remain unpaid, to be paid 
 
 with ea< h instalment. 
 4. Frin and after the Slst day of December next, the price 
 ^{ fhall remain the same — that is, $2.50 per acre — for pre-emptions 
 
 (within tlie said Belt, or within the corresponding Belt of any 
 branch line of the said Railway, but shall be paid lu one sum at 
 ithe end of three years, or at such earlier period as the claimant may 
 have acquired a title '.■> his homestead quarter section. 
 \i 0. Dominion Lands, the property of the Government, within 24 
 
 J mile* of any projcctci' Mne of Railway recognized by the Minister 
 
 I of Railways, and "f which he has given notice in the Official 
 
 ; I (Sazctte as being a projected line of railway, shall be dealt with, as 
 
 ' S to price and terms as follows : — The pre-emptions shall be sold at 
 
 fj the game price and on the same terms as fixed in the next preoed- 
 
 ''-. ing paragraph, and the odd-numbered sections shall be sold at 
 
 }^ 92.50 per acre, {rayable in cash. 
 
 I 6. In all Townships open for sale and settlement within ^ani- 
 
 > toba or the North-West Territopes, outside of the said Canadibn V..- 
 
 i cific Railway Belt, the even numbered sections, except in the cases 
 
 I provided for in clause two of these regulations, shall be held ex- 
 
 '} chisively for homestead aiid pre-emption, and the odd numbered 
 
 '^ sections for sale as public lands. 
 
 J 7. The lands described as public lands shall be sold at the ur i- 
 
 'i the Minister of the Interior, nnder the provisions of section 4 of the 
 
 amendment to the Dominion Lands Act passe i at the last Session 
 
 ^ of Parliament, may deem it expedient to withdraw certain farming 
 
 lands from ordinary sale and settlement, and put them up for aald 
 at public auction to the highest bidder, in which event such lands 
 shall be put up at an upset price of $2 per acre. 
 
 8. Pre-emptions outside of tt-e Canadian Pacific Railway Belt 
 shall be sold at the uniform price of $2 per acre, to be paid in one 
 sum at the end of three years from the date of entry, or at such 
 earlier period as the claimant may acquire a title to his homestead 
 quarter-section. 
 
 9. Exception shall be made to the provisions of clause 7, in uo 
 far as relates to lands in the Province of Manitoba or the North- 
 West Territories, lying to the north of the Belt containing the 
 Pacific Railway Lands, wherein a person being an actual settler 
 on an oHd-numbered section shall have the privilege of purchasing 
 to the extent of 820 acres of such section, but no more, at the price 
 of $1.25 per acre, cash; but no Patent shall issue for such land 
 un*'l after three years of actual residence upon the same. 
 
 10. The price and terms of payment of odd-numbered sections 
 and pre-emptions, above set forth, shall not apply to penons who 
 have settled in any one of the several Belt* described in tlie said 
 Regulations of the 14th October, 1879, hereby rescinded, but who 
 have not obtained entries for their lands, and who may establish a 
 right to purchase such odd-numbered sections or pre-emptions, 
 as the case may be, at the price and on the terms respectively fixed 
 for the same by the said liegulations. 
 
 Timber for Settlkrs. 
 
 11. The system of wood lots in prairie townships shall be con- 
 tinued — that is to say, homestead settlers having no timber on 
 their own lands, shall be permitted to purchase wood lots in area 
 not ex leeding 20 acres each, at a uniform rate of |6 per acre, to oe 
 paid in cash. 
 
 12. The provision in the next preceding paiugraph shall ajiply 
 ahio to settlers on ])rairie sections bought from the Canadian Pacilio 
 Railway C^ompany, ir. cases where the only wood lands available 
 have b<^en laid out on e^ en-numbered sections, provided the Rail- 
 wiiy Company agree to reciprocate where the only timber in the 
 loi'ality may be found on their lands. 
 
 IS. With a view to encouraging settlement by cheapening the 
 cost of building ma'.<!rial, the Government reserves the right to 
 grant licenses from time to time, under and in accordance with 
 the provisions of the "Dominion Lands Act," to cut merchaniable 
 timber on any lands owned by it witliin surveyed townships ; and 
 settlement upon, or sale of any lands covered by such license, shall, 
 for the time being, be subject to the operation of the same. 
 
 i ; 
 
 0^ #^^ ^^ 
 
 m'^^ns 
 
 c 
 
 OF CANADA. 
 
 This (Diagram is intended to illustrate, 
 umform disposition of Free Grant and 'rre-eryij, 
 La'ivds, also^ of Railway or Public Lands as the 
 may he, in each Township in Manitoba and 
 J^O'Hh'West Territories. 
 
 in 
 se 
 he 
 
 
 1' 
 
 1 
 
 ' 3 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 --. 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 .f 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 ---i 
 
 Homestead and Pre-emption Lands 
 
 Railway or Public Lands, as the case may be. 
 
 Salbs op Lan;i» to Individvau ob CoHroRATions rom Colo- 
 
 SIZATIOH. 
 
 14. In any case where a company or individual applies for lands 
 to colonize, and it willing to expend capital to contribute towards 
 the construction of facilities for communication between tucU lauds 
 and existing settlements, and the Govern uient is satisfied of the good 
 faith and anility of such company or individual to carry out suck 
 undertaking, the odd-nuTioered sectiouH in the case of lands out- 
 side of the (Janadian Pacific Railway Belt, or of the Belt of any 
 branch line or lines of the same, may be ^old to such company or 
 individual at half price, orfl per acre, in ..anh. In case the landn 
 applied for be situated within the Canadian PaJific Railway Belt, 
 the same principle shall apply so far as one-half of each even-num- 
 bered section is concenied — that is to say, the one-half of «a<;h even- 
 numbered section may V>e sold to the compaiiy or individual at the 
 price of $1.25 per acre to be jiaid in rash. The company or indi- 
 vidual will further be protected up to the extent of $600, with six 
 per cent interest thereon till paid, in the rase of advances made to 
 place families on homesteads, under the provisions of section In of 
 the amendments to the Dominion l.«ndg Act hereinbefore men- 
 tioned. 
 
 16. In every snoh transaction it shall !« absolutely coudi- 
 tional : — 
 
 (a) That the company or individual, as the case may Im", shall, 
 iii the ease of lauds outside of the said Canadian Pacific Railway 
 Belt, within three years of the date of the agreement with the 
 Government, place two settlers on each of the odd-numbered »«c- 
 tions, and also two on homesteads on each of the even-numbered 
 sections embraced in Jie scheme of colonization . 
 
 (ft) That should the land applied for be situaUid within the 
 Canadian Pacific Railway Belt, the Company or individual shall 
 with-n three years of the dite of agreement with the Government, 
 H'.^e two settlers on the half of each even-numbered section pur- 
 chased under the provision contained in paragraph 14, above, and 
 also one settler upon each of the two quarter sections remaining 
 available for homesteads in such section. 
 
 (c) That on the promoters failing within the period fixed, to 
 place the prescribed number of settlers, the Governor in Council 
 may cancel the sale and the privilege of colonization, and resume 
 poB.seB8ion of the lands not settled, or charge the full once of $2 per 
 acre, or $2.60 per acre, as the case may be, for such lands, as may 
 be deemed expedient. 
 
 ((f) That it be distinctly understood that this policy shall only 
 ajiply to schemes foi colonization of the public lands by Emigrants 
 from Great Britain or the European Continent. 
 
 PAarv&AOS Lands. 
 
 16. The policy stt forth as follows shall govern •tupVications for 
 lands for (rm/'n/? punvwes. and previnim to entertAininR anv at- 
 plication, the Minister of the Interior shall satisfy himself of the 
 good faith and ability of the applicant to carry out the undertak- 
 ing involved in such application. 
 
 17. From time to time, as may be deemed expedient, leasee of 
 such Townships, or portions of Townships, as maybe availeMe for 
 grazing purposes, sliall be put up at auction at an "pset pri je to be 
 fixed by the Uinister of the Interior, and sold to the highest 
 bidder — the premium for such leases to be paid in cash at the time 
 of the sale. 
 
 18. Such leases shall be for a period of twenty-one years, and in 
 accordance otherwise with the provisions of Section eight of the 
 Amendment to the Dominion Lands Act passed at the last Session 
 of Parliament, hereinbefore mentioned. 
 
 19. In all cases, the area included in a lease shall be in pro- 
 portion to the quantity of live stock kept thereon, at the rate of 
 ten acres of land to one head of stock ; and the failure in any ease 
 of the lessee to place the requisite stock upon the land within 
 three years from the granting of the lease, or in subsequenvly 
 maintaining the projier ratio of stock to the area of the leasehold, 
 shall justify the Governor in Council in cancelling such lease, or 
 in diminishing proportionally the area contained therein. 
 
 20. On placing the required proportion of sto<:k within the limits 
 of the leasehold, the lessee shall have the privilege of purcbasins, 
 and receiving a patent for, a quantity of land covered by sucn 
 lease, on which to construct the buildings necessary in connection 
 therewith, not to exceed five per cent, of the area of the leasehold, 
 which latter shall in no single case exceed 100,000 aces. 
 
 21. The rental for a leasehold shall in all cases be at ;he rate of 
 $10 per annum for each thousand acres included therein, and the 
 price of the land which maj be purchased for the cattle station re- 
 ferred to in the next preceding paragraph, shall be $1.25 per acre, 
 payable in cash. 
 
 Paymknt* for Lands. 
 
 22. Paynentu for public lands and also for pre-emptions may he 
 in cash, or in scrip, or in police or military bounty warrants, at the 
 option of the purchaser. 
 
 23. The above provisions shall not apply to lands valuable for 
 town Lilots, or to coal or other mineral lands, or to stone or marble 
 quarries, or to lands having water power thereon ; and further 
 snail not, of course, affect Sections 11 and 29 in each Townshiji, 
 which are public school lands, or Sections 8 and 26, which are 
 Hudson's Bay Company's lands. 
 
 J. S. DENNIS, 
 Deputy Miniattr of th* Interior. 
 Lindsay Russkll, 
 Swrv«]fOr- Oentral. 
 
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ T t I- 1 - ^rr y i- wiw a ii iii ffiri rti riiiirttiatvY. ,ififi^.i 
 
 IVMm**!. 
 
 'I 
 
i. 
 
 'T 
 
 y ; : ' 
 
r 
 
 HIGH TESTIMONIAL ' 
 
 to i^i VrniitMrt^iue* si % 
 
 Land Prospector's Manual amd Field-Book 
 
 (COPY.) 
 
 Ottawa, i6th September, 1881. 
 My dear Sir: 
 
 /^lease <xceepi tluinhs for tJte (tdvance c<rpy you luive 
 lc>en Jcind enough to semi nie of your Latul Prospector* s Manual, 
 Jl cannot fait to he of much service t-o those intending to settle in 
 our e^orth''W&ste,m territories. 
 
 %-^u lba>\m succeeded in making^ in popular hi-nguage^ a very 
 cleAir exposition of our system of survey and of the ^ominien SCiinds^ 
 ^aw and Ti-egulations. 
 
 Very truly yours. 
 
 (Signed) Lifidsay Russell. 
 
 Sv(^rveyoT Pi'neral. 
 
 Capt a IV, Allen, 
 
 Ottawa, 
 
OENERAL AND MANUFAOTUUING 
 
 Stationer, BookMnder, Engraver 
 
 AND STEAM LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTER, 
 
 ♦^^ 
 
 Show Cards, Drafts, Maps, Note and Letter Headings, Bill 
 
 Heads, Views, Portraits, Music Printing, etc., executed 
 
 with Promptness and Despatch. 
 
 CHROMO CAN LABELS: LOBSTER, SALMON, FRUITS. ETC. 
 
 Also ALE AND PORTER LABELS. 
 
 t mm — 
 
 Proprietors of Town Sitoii, Land Agonta, and Looal Surveyors oheerfally famlsked, 
 
 on application, 'srltli Estimates and Quotations for UthoKrapli 
 
 Mapn, Plans, Di.acranui, Etc. 
 
 Office and Warerooms: 194^ 198 k 19B Sparks St^ OTTAWA, Ont. 
 
 ■;*• 
 
*-:':ii, %^d^^ :B.'rm:% 
 
 m. w '^t- v^ I 
 
 ; _ ii^f .,.,\", "ifj 
 
 «^ 
 
 
 '•t^"'^'k. -i' 
 
 :,-,. >? vs«,. 
 
 .. J ■v;Si' 
 
 .■■■I * ".■ »*■■ 
 
 jif*; 
 
 .... '^i' ' ■ 1>. <'v %«■ 
 
 m 
 
 
 iii 
 
 I- i 
 
 4** 
 
 '.'^iS ■^'"' '*^*^.'^^m*^'*.!*^';p-- 
 
 ■*s;t,f j'.^- ,,«.i 
 
-ippp 
 
 d 
 
 MP 
 
 The Land Prospector's 
 
 \ 
 
 MANUAL @ FIELD-BOOK, 
 
 VOB THB USK OF 
 
 IMMIGRANTS AND CAPITALISTS TAKING UP LANDS IN MANITOBA 
 AND THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES of CANADA, 
 
 T BY CAPT. C. ^A^. ALLEN, OF V7INNIPEG. 
 
 KNTERED AT STATIONERS* HALL. 
 I 88 i 
 
 LONDON (Eno.) : J. Simmons A Co., 68 Upper Thames Strbei'. 
 
 TORONTO AND NIAGARA FALLS, Ont: Thk Toronto News Company. 
 
 MONTREAL: The Montreal News Company. 
 
 PHnUd by C. W. MUohtll, H, 8, and 10 Elgin Street, Ottaitca. 
 
 If' 
 
'Ill 
 
 s 
 
 11: 
 
 ■■ 
 it' 
 
 ,r 
 
 (Entered, Mcordlnf to Aet of Parliament of Canada, in the year one thousand eight hundred and aighty-one, by Charlee WiUiain 
 
 Allen, in the ofBce of the Minister o' Agriculture.) 
 
 XN'^rjEijOiDTjarrxaisT. 
 
 0^ 
 
 This little work is presented to the public in the hope of supplying 9 serious want hitherto experi- 
 enced by all who have gone to the North- West with the object of taKine up Dominion lands ; and its 
 appearance at the present time will, no doubt, be accepted as particularly opportune, owing to the im- 
 
 {>ortant changes in the method of survey inaugurated during the season of 1881, a circumstance calcu- 
 ated to confuse the partial knowledge of the matter which many pioneer settlers already possess. 
 
 The author has endeavoured to avoid, so far as poasible, the use of technical phraseology in 
 explaining theoretic principles governing the surveys, while describing as fully as is t- mpatible with 
 the limited space at his disposal, and with the aid of numerous original diagrams, a subject more 
 scientifically treated in the revised Manual shemng tJie System of Survey of ttie Dominioih Lands,* recently 
 published, exclusively for the instruction and guidance of surveyors employed by the Government, by 
 authority of the Minister of the Interior. 
 
 The synopsis of the various Acts and Rt^iulations affecting the settlement of the public lands 
 wiU relieve many a farmer of the unaccustomedlabour of searching through the Statutes for informa- 
 tion here prest uted in s, convenient and intelligible form ; and the sk^leion diagrams of Townships 
 and Sections in the Appendix, the latter of which are drawn according to the same scale as the 
 topographical maps available for examination at the Dominion Lands Office for each District, cannot fail 
 to be of great service to every land hunter requiring to make memoranda rebpecting the part of 
 the country he visits. 
 
 No attempt has been made to include within the scope of a publication whose purpose is so 
 upecific such general information regarding that "land of illimitable possibilities" as may be found in 
 the valuable pamphlets written l^y Mr. Thod. Spence and others. Its aim is the not less useful one 
 of supplementing the labours of those gentlemen by breaking entirely new ground. 
 
 in conclusion, the author would express his grateful acknowledgments for the kindly assistance 
 rendered Lim by various officers of the Department of the Interior, whose welcome suggestions on 
 several points liave not only enhanced the practical value of the Land Prospector's Manual, but 
 investea it with an authority semi-otticial iii character. 
 
 '•Tlie original Stanual, prttpared by Col. J. S. Dennis (at that time Surveyor-General of Dominion Lands,) was issued in 
 1871. The reviocd edition, published in i)ur8nance of the le^islaticm of 1881, was edited, under the direction of Mr. Lindsay 
 Russell, the present HurvevorOeneral, by Capt. K. G. Deville, D.T 8., F.R.A.S., a retired Otlluer of the French Navy, now Intpeotor 
 ef Surveys. 
 
 ' 
 
 ')^oa/ 
 
 It 
 
Tho o/jore A/ft/^ s//OH \f the i ff/afivf /iost/fo/t of thr J:ift.<it^ /^i/tt\s nrtff f^orrt'rfiof/ I.inps 
 
WWT 
 
 m 
 
 — :t ' » 
 
 1 1 
 
 It- 
 
 -U. 
 
 
 .: L. 
 
 —-t 
 
 
 1 I 
 
 -% 
 
 
 -«i 
 
 I 
 « 
 
 .J 
 
 I 
 
 ■!♦- 
 
 ^--% 
 
 I 
 
 -SP. 
 
 
 ■«y*- 
 
 ■^t- 
 
 ih. 
 
 L _ I 
 
 -2 
 
 ' I ; ■ I ; ' ' 
 
 t — • ♦ ►-— it- — • ♦ • 1 
 
 ! ' I ' I i ' ' 
 
 : I • I I I 
 
 I I I I ' I ' < 
 
 L - - J i I L ! L - _ - i I 
 
 f— 6 ♦ 1 \f 1 # 1 1 
 
 '' \ \ : \ ' ' ' \ 
 1.---^. _-j. — • — I I — ., — <_.., — I 
 
 1 
 
 
 ^ "<^ ^ 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 § 
 
 a 
 
 Cr 'hi 
 
 •s § 
 
 ■Si 
 
 J 
 
 ■■i*:::: 
 
t 
 
nm 
 
 f 
 
 J^ Ky*~<j^ I \.Ay 1 1 v/ XT 
 
 t 
 
 \- 
 
i.iA.yj uiii Jjy " J- y. 
 
 
 mil 
 
 > .-f V 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
'- kJ 
 
 
 ( ■ 
 
i4 ASJ7ff'ialhlh-awi} 
 iByETWSowliT. 
 I Druii yh Istn an . 
 
 The^^bove m e^ e^/uAil.st the l>oumian(\'i of the spvem/ IM7J DISWIC TS\ ^"""^ 'f^^'-^''Jf>* *?. "" fi"-^ 
 
 tofftther wiffi ihv locatioii oT the Office oft^ie/fiOcql Agent ifij!tia/r/ffj^eac/ij,Sefii 20*^^ M^nT^ 
 
 m3\ 
 
 I 
 

 i 
 
 {^ 
 
 ytwif^T W ^* ■ 
 
 «rr 
 
 
 ( 'XW.fl Ml"." 
 
 -«■ 
 
 I 
 
 04 
 
 ts ■• ~ ^ ^ 
 
 - — r*— .r 
 
 it 
 
 T 
 
 ^•"^^Bj^-.i 
 
 a? 
 
 -r-1 i 
 
 M 
 
 W 
 
 k 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 L_i_i 
 
 4^• 
 
 ^•-^ 
 
 i« 
 
 ® -.i*.^' 
 
 "'T"^ 
 •»»«*^ << 
 
 N 
 
 TT" 
 
 .■^A. 
 
 -ij^'-i 
 
 «o 
 
 l^ 
 
 "5 ». s* ; * V 
 
 -4- 
 
 k 
 
 
 CVI 
 
 .'.■"m"': 
 
 -^- 
 
 
 £M^::J 
 
 » 
 
 e 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 C>4 
 
 ^5" 
 
 L^_l- 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 A(i*». r i 
 
 
 ^"•■ 
 
 w 
 
 ~«» 
 
 <o 
 
 "V:?' 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 
 

 
 f^ 
 
 
 m- 
 
 •4- 
 
 
 
 M: 
 
 i^ 
 
 
 as 
 
 o 
 
 
 -f 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 $ 
 
 .|4.k„. . 
 
 J^ 
 
 ^ CO 
 
 -«^-; 
 
 
 
 5^ 
 
 en 
 
 
 fc 
 
 
 ^•-v-i:- 
 
 o 
 
 <r5 
 
 
 
 :# 
 
 o 
 
 * 
 
 <«. 
 
 
 ■*!•' 
 
 '■'«&■ 
 
 ! ■ 
 
 .$., 
 
 « 
 
 « a 
 
 <M 
 
 
 - I 
 
 <v< 
 
 -M|.- . 
 
 (O 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 PT~T- 
 
 
 S. 2J 
 
 f^ 
 
 <n 
 
 u 
 
 CO 
 
 :?i 
 
 o 
 
 it 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 -^ 
 
 o 
 
 3J 
 
 ^ — 
 
 * hi-2-i 
 
 ..^. 
 
 ti 
 
 X ;5 
 
 •■•««• 
 
 M> 
 
 u> 
 
 
 ■^- 
 
 
 
 
 01 
 
 « 
 
 <<o 
 
 u 
 
 
 'LIj 
 
 1 12 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 #- 
 
 o 
 
 r$i- 
 
 
 
 <4 s 
 
 w 
 
 «J 
 
 -♦«■.■ 
 
 t 
 
 S 
 
 i 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 I 
 
 - 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 < 
 
 
 :.,.« 
 
 55 
 
 c 
 
 -•■1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 K-s^'; 
 
 
 .,....« 
 
 ^ 
 
 ' 
 
 «> 
 
 • 
 
 tf 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 5c: 
 
 •i 
 
 
 
 ■■•■;? 
 
 I 
 
 bt^- 
 
 > 
 
 ( 
 
 < 
 
 ( 
 
 *) 
 
 
 r" 
 
 f5 
 
 
 ilw; 
 
§ 
 
 § 
 
 
 5«5 
 
 .1 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 n 
 
 
 s 
 
 is: 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 3} 
 
 .._, 
 
 *M' 
 
 ■ .| f " f if'..| 
 
 '.i: 
 
 
 (M 
 
 ..4W .-.■,. 
 
 w 
 
 
 I: 
 
 f5 
 
 J? 
 
 r- 
 
 ■4- 
 
 fVI 
 
 '-35 
 
 le 
 
 -^ 2 
 
 t» 
 
 3? 
 
 r^' 
 
 
 
 N 
 
 ■t' 
 
 O 
 
 #■ 
 
 ..„^., 
 
 » 
 
 ■ dEM 
 
 
 
 
 <v 
 
 ,.,.,.,41).. 
 
 (C 
 
 
 r- 
 
 
 9^ 
 
 r 
 
 
 ■#' 
 
 « 
 
 lA 
 
 :f! 
 
 00 
 (VI 
 
 
 
 ■n- 
 
 M 
 (M 
 
 -■«»•• 
 
 o 
 
 ■•*- 
 
 tv 
 
 85-: 
 
 
 
 (S 
 
 T-«~« - 
 
 
 
 -«»■ 
 
 iSi" , ' . 
 
 (O 
 
 I 
 h 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 I- 
 
 - '■:■-/ '. , ■ 
 
mmm. 
 
 f '•■■■ 
 
 
 .,..i. 
 
 t'., ■.;:i. 
 
 8 J 
 I 
 
 
 t 
 
a 
 
 § 
 
 4 
 
 t 
 
 Si 
 
 a; 
 
 i 
 
3 
 
■^rm'-- •»^A'l'«'*-'"•*^'■■■^^^>^^A^^i.'^■'"^''"^■T;"^';.?^■i■:<■^ Li'.;-U:;-v .i":..'t:''' ' ; 'f 
 
 -....^r 
 
 f^ 
 
 
 {^ 
 
 
 
 
 JK 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 ^' 
 
 O 
 
 .# 
 
 m - 
 
 h yTw^i ^tj 
 
 ( I 
 
 
 N 
 
 ■<^ 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 04 
 
 is- 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 |4 
 
 
 « 
 
 T' — r -~'. 
 
 rn 
 
 N 
 
 '<»» 
 
 ;'?K.ij.-^:, 
 
 V,- in '- 
 
^ 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 ■■■■"■^: 
 
 
 *■ 
 
 * 
 
 \ 
 
 4.. 
 
 04 
 tvi 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 ■*•■ 
 
 ^ 
 
 %■ 
 
 ■«• 
 
 U> 
 
 
 CO 
 
 4- 
 
 * IS 
 
 04 
 
 ■«»■•••.• 
 
 ■«>■ 
 
 ;o 
 
 {? 
 
 r'»» .n. ..... . I 
 
 
 1: 
 
 
 « 
 
 CD 
 
 i«! 
 
 » 
 
 o 
 
 
 ■^: 
 
 
 pg-:«^-' 
 
 
 o 
 
 ..•m - 
 
 <9 
 
 a -5 
 
 o 8 
 
 « ;5 
 
 « 
 
 «j- 
 
 '«»•.' 
 
 <c 
 
 
 f5 
 
 i^ 
 i 
 
 CO 
 
 
 ■:-|i- 
 
 T? 
 
 « 
 
 
 r«; 
 
 ;|. 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 ig 
 
 o 
 
 $•■ 
 
 a? 
 
 ift. 
 
 00 
 
 o ; 2 
 
 X . : 
 
 T'-^t"- 
 
 N 
 
 i.-u^f^- 
 
 '«»- 
 
 & 
 
 ^ 
 
 th 
 
 ^ 
 
 I ' .;; ■ ?'^';l. < 
 
 ^ 
 
 rt) 
 
 4- 
 
 01 
 
 en 
 
 < 
 f5 
 
 :*. 
 
 t:?^ 
 « 
 
 3t J 
 
 
 ■^ 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 • ^.ag^*' 
 
 ..jL^ 
 
 
 1 ■'"'"«,!■■„ '-1 
 
 
 « 
 
 «9 
 
 »■■ 
 
 
 s 
 
 r 
 
 '^4 
 
I 
 
 
 05 
 
 a; 
 
 r 
 
 ■^ 
 ■« 
 
 {5 
 
 
 ■4: 
 
 1 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 t 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 oh 
 
 r 
 
 
 en 
 
 •t^ 
 
 u 
 
 
 t- 
 
 3? 
 
 m 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 U 
 
 <V4 
 
 ■t 
 
 O 
 
 
 <o 
 
 CO 
 
 
 O ■ 
 
 * i.3 
 
 OJ 
 
 1. 
 
 . i ^ '^tfi^. ^ 
 
 ! '■■ '•' 
 
 
 03 
 
 O 
 
 i^ 
 
 
 %■ 
 
 O 
 
 .#. 
 
 ;«>:- 
 
 *:, 
 
 iii^ii 
 
 a} 
 
 ni 
 
 
 « 
 
 «9 
 
 ..n..*^.-i^iv,i' '■«^w.r*.;.:-»4'irfa'i.i(-*,w7,;W*i^rjc-su^-'iJ(X';'+.S*t.A.-5'" ■';?'.': -' .;:'.V*,l :;J?!;« 
 
 
 ■3^ 
 1 
 
 f^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 -f 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 > ■ -J 
 
 o 
 
 
 SI 
 
 (Vl 
 
 ..^:#.. 
 
 :-S 
 
 o 
 
 $- 
 
 -♦S—' 
 
 a 
 
 '«• 
 
 X ■ ' 
 
 (VI 
 
 i 
 
 (O 
 
 
 
 : 18 
 
 'S^ 
 ■* 
 
 s5 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 m 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 , .,« 
 
 o 
 
 -^ 
 
 •|(^' 
 
 -m- 
 
 ■ iHi'.v: 
 
 
 ¥, •■•■•) 
 
 
 i._^ 
 
 ■:■»*••'■■ 
 
 
 <V 
 
 ■'■m- 
 
 ■*"*■; 
 
 J 
 
i„ ,.W.jJf.l.!ilV-i'J 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 Q 
 
 .^, 
 
 * 
 
li 
 
 I 
 
 .1 
 
 t 
 
 Si 
 
 r 
 
^ 
 
 t.WU^r.tetWhA'iib^i ., 
 
/v •; 
 

 -jmsmsm-tsmas 
 
■^ i 
 
 \ 
 
 •^ 
 
 
 .*^ 
 
 
 •^ 
 
 
 5i : 
 
 
 «^« ; 
 
 
 '.w I 
 
 
 ^. I 
 
 • 
 
 »» ; ' 
 
 
 'Js i 
 
 * 1 ' 
 
 ^5 ! 
 
 
 i:: ; 
 
 '■ • 
 
 ■^ ; 
 
 i 
 
 ^ ! 
 
 
:^^tiiMSi.i^k..-.^^.^-..^*^^sMi^>i*^ 
 
 •V 
 
 i 
 
 .' •s«>3-i([(iBwr?in<*WJ-w»'«>.' 
 
--i«<«iiK.nrifinii luiiwinii mnt»ti»mmmim$ili>miittt>'i>i^ 
 
«wi.PH*Hiwi/^.K mMwm I' wmif^ J^ '^yil.UIPtWHi.^llPIW 
 
 .■".^■' --,.,:;,,a..r.v' 
 
-fr-- 
 
 M 
 
 ^w 
 
v^ 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 i - 
 
 ;■;•, 
 
 
 !.," 
 
 '1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 '^. 
 
 I 
 
 <2 
 
 •5 
 
 Sn 
 
.. M'JW(--(U4<ut;«»if >(t*;»^<R'>«srfwvi<:><"nT°'.:>' VK^' 
 
 'VWf<F('«"»<»l«'»M-»S'?»»'B».ltP'< 
 
 ■Sf) 
 
 .1 
 
 :»j^*.-?"v:^f'H?rf,:n 
 
''■>->^y:^m.-.'imm[mM^mm^' 
 
 ■■■ jt-jteft:* ■ >«Wwi^i4-lti.Mii..».t. t » -A»*.^ .. .:.Ah. o^ JL^ M^i-ll* J ^. 
 
 <-fe><„. 
 
 • tb'>ik>OM;-W-.«dtlK>'&-/<^t'JV.V^<"-''^W'' 
 
 ]( 
 
 • ■ ,r - ■■■•■ ■ 
 
 •;•«■..'■-■ 
 
' ^aKw-wFjjrwwaWirtfrpwTTftv?" 
 
 I 
 
 '■«#.4A 
 
 ! -*. 
 
 -*.,. 
 
 -MVff »■»;•?? ' 
 
 .ff.-U^yir^lrftr ■ 
 
' I ! 
 
 i'tm^4A!u«.M>^.ii- Vft .**g^ ifti^ i ifc' 'i ''y ^- — 
 
 
 
 
 •I' 
 
 
^ 
 
 
 
 s.. 
 
 ^, -;.-*/ ; 
 
 ; 
 
 .N. 
 
 
 
 Ni 
 
 ■ ■■■'"* '. 
 
 
 ^3 
 
 
 
 ?s^ 
 
 ■ ' , *- 
 
 J ' 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 ' 
 
 
 »i 
 
 ,■ *' ' 
 
 J j 
 
 <5S 
 
 ,:.:,•,. |.- : 
 
 1 , 
 
 '^ 
 
 > 1 
 
 ■ i' ■"■*" ' i 
 
 ■ ■^"/^•"-; ','.'-,'■. ' \ 
 
 ?- 
 
 .■r- ■' ■ ■:Tv- 
 
 ' -■■■'■;■■ ■.-■'•y-'' t 
 
 k 
 
 ' : . ■ , t' 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■ ■ . -i; 
 
 
 ^i 
 
 '!■*'* 
 
 
 5 
 
 "■■'.' .f 
 
 
 a 
 
 J 
 
 ) 
 
 c: 
 
 
 
 Vj 
 
 
 
 •<^ 
 
 
 
 K> 
 
 . 
 
 
 ►s 
 
 ' ■ '. 
 
 
 ?: 
 
 ' ' ', 
 
 
 1;^ 
 
 
 
 '>5 
 
 
 * 
 
 S 
 
 
 \ 
 
 .^ 
 
 
 1 ' 
 
 •vi 
 
 
 
 "S 
 
 I 
 
 
 ■w 
 
 * 4 * 
 
 , 
 
 «l, 
 
 ■;.'■■» ' 
 
 I ; 
 
 «^ 
 
 
 
 !^ 
 
 -.- .■.- ■^- . 
 
 , 
 
 kiiw 
 
 
 > ' 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 '<5i 
 
 
 I 
 
 Si 
 
 1 
 
 ' 
 
 ^w 
 
 ( 
 
 t ', 
 
 "^ . 
 
 
 : ; 
 
 ?? 
 
 * 4' 
 
 . I . 
 
 1 
 
 
 t 
 
 -^ 
 
 : ,j 
 
 ■ : 
 
 < 
 
 ; 
 
 
 
Ill .n «»n«iij«!.|i!.uuwws<nanBB 
 
 ;li 
 
 •J i '; 
 
 i' 
 
 ■I.. 
 
 Si: 
 

 OOjNTTBISrTS 
 
 HOW TO PROSPECT FOR LAND. 
 Composition of the Party, ..... 
 
 suc.«e8ti0ns as to outfit, . . . 
 
 Essential Information, 
 How TO Find a Particular Section, 
 How to Locate Corners on Unsurveyed Lines, 
 
 I>A.IIT II. 
 
 THE SYSTEM OF SURVEY. 
 Townships and Ranges, ...... 
 
 Sections, . . . . « 
 
 Subdivision of Sections, . » , . » 
 
 The Order of Survey, 
 
 How Surveyed Lines are Marked on the 'round, . 
 
 The Old System of Survey, . . . 
 
 Limits op the Different Systems, 
 
 :E»A.-E<rr iii. 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE DOMINION LANDS LAW 
 
 Homesteads, Pre-emptions, and Wood-Lots, 
 
 Purchase i nd Lease op Lands, . . . . 
 
 Forest-Trle Culture Claims abolished, 
 
 Importance of a Legal Entry, ..... 
 
 The Position of Squatters, . . . . 
 
 Cancellation and Forfeiture, . . 
 
 The Various Reserves, ...... 
 
 Useful Hints to Land Prospectors, .... 
 
 THE appendix-See page 47. 
 
 ETC 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 6 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 13 
 
 17 
 17 
 19 
 25 
 27 
 
 31 
 33 
 33 
 35 
 36 
 37 
 39 
 41 
 
(T\f^ 
 
 '■% 
 
 lli|i 
 
 This book forms part of an issue of 5.000, preliminary to that of 20,000, which latter is the basis 
 of contract with all advertisers. Such advertisements as came to hand i'l time en. joy the benefit of so much 
 extra circulation. 
 
 To secure the remaining space, applications should be made at once to the undersigned, car6 of 
 A. M. Burgess, Esq., Depaitmonl of the Interior, Ottawa. 
 
 
 Whole page $20 00 Quarter page $8 00 
 
 ^la'^' " li 00 Space for card 5 00 
 
 OiTAvvA, Sept. 17, 1881 
 
HOW TO PROSPECT FOR LAND. 
 Composition of the Party. — Suggestions as to Outfit,— Essential Information.— How to 
 
 FIND A PARTICULAR SECTION.— HoW TO LOCATE CORNERS ON UnSURVEYED LiNES. 
 
 composition of the party. 
 
 The object of a trip on the prairie, for the 
 purpose of selecting lands to homestead or purchase, 
 can be attained with much mure satisfaction and 
 Bucceas by the organization of a small party, com- 
 posed of from two to four persons. If the 
 number exceeds the latter figure, disputes are apt 
 to arise, through conflict of interests, when the 
 choice of locations has to be arrived at. Two 
 companions may get along very well ; but, in 
 foUowine up lines, setting off right angles, and in 
 soma other situations, the presence of at least 
 three persons will be found to facilitate operations. 
 In case of a break-down, getting "stuck" in a 
 swamp or coulee, or the occurrence of any other 
 contingency of prairie travel, it will be found 
 that "many hands make light work" in overcoming 
 the difficulty . The expense of such an expedition, 
 moreover, will fall much lighter upon the indivi- 
 dual, if shared ^^ercajnto among several explorers 
 participating in the use of a joint outfit. * 
 
 ♦ In the North- West the term "outfit" Is understood as 
 including not only the transix>rt accommodation and equipment 
 of a pftrty, but oven the commercial stock in trade of a morcan- 
 til« ventur* 
 
 SUGGESTIONS AS TO OUTFIT. 
 
 The necessary articles with which to equip a 
 party of Land Prospectors are but tew in number, 
 and, with the single exception of means of trans- 
 portation, very inexpensive. The quantity of 
 provisions to be taken along must be determined 
 (1) by the number of the party ; (2) by the length 
 ot time it h expocied the trip will last ; and (3) 
 by the possibility of obtaining further supphes 
 while in the field. 
 
 Land hunters will find it to their great advan- 
 tage, no matter what may be their transportation 
 facilities, to travel on such an excursion as lightly 
 laden as possible, for, by duly observing this consid- 
 eration, they will be able to pass without check 
 over rough country and througn bad places, which 
 would be altogether impossible if they carried much 
 freight. 
 
 The most convenient way, if the Prospectors 
 do not already possess teams of their own, 
 will be for them to purchase or hire a 
 a waggon Cif a light one, all the better) 
 drawn by a pair of native ponies. As these hardy 
 animals thriv* on the grass of the prairie mea- 
 
'^"^'^'^fimmmmfmmmmmnmm 
 
 1 fn r- p-U ■ ■ -^'i'*^>^Ai**'»«*-^«v>.|...V'i 
 
 
 J. F. RUTTAN & CO., 
 REAL ESTATE AGENTS, 
 
 WINNIPEG, - 
 
 MANITOBA. 
 
 
 I :l 
 
 LANDS BOUGHT AND SOLD ON COMMISSION. 
 
 > ^ « 
 
 150,000 ACRES OF IMPROVED FARMS, WILD LANDS, AND RIVE iO) 8. 
 
 I : .» 
 
 . CITY AND TOWN PR OPERTIES. 
 
 To ItlVestOVfi, — We have full iiDcl reliable information about all parts of the country, 
 and are prepared to make safe and protitable investments for any who may desire it. 
 
 To ^eal Mstnte Owners. — Holders of Real Estate who wish to realize should 
 place their properties in our hands for sale. Send us descriptions of your properties, lowest 
 prices, terms of sale, etc. 
 
 ^^ Charges moderate, JE^nquiries solicited a?id promptly answered, 
 JE^nclose postage stamp fur reply, 
 
 ; : J. F. RUTTAN & CO., 
 
 ^ , ^eal Estate Agents^ 
 
 ■.,.:w;, .,;.>v, , ., ■'' '; MAIN ST., WINNIPEG, MANITOBA.. '.' 
 
MANUAL AND FIELD-BOOK. 
 
 dows, the uecessity for the party canying with 
 them oats or other forage may be obviated. 
 
 An alternative plan — almost equally good, and 
 rather less expensive — would be to purchase or hire 
 a Red River cart Tdrawn either by ox * or native 
 pony) to carry tne tent, blankets, and provisions 
 of the jarty, the land hunters themselves going 
 afoot. A party so provided may travel slowly, it 
 ig true ; but, hke tne snail, they will carry their 
 home along with them, and can go anywhere. 
 
 An extra horse, with saddle and bridle t, will 
 be found a useful ft junct to the outfit ; and 
 such should be eqni..ped with breast-band and 
 rope traces arranged, like those worn by the 
 charger of a non-commissioned olticer of field 
 artillery, so that the animal can be readily attached 
 to the vehicle should aid be necessary to enable it 
 to pass over an awkward spot. 
 
 The following lists include the requisites 
 for practical and economical Prospectors ; and, 
 though every article mentioned may not by some 
 be deemed indispensable, these catalogues will, no 
 doubt, be found of assistance to novices org&iizing 
 such an expedition for the first time: 
 
 * Oxen ill the North-West are ahiiost huariahly put in 
 harness, a more utHoient and huiuane method of attaching them 
 to the vehicle than the old-fashioned system of yolcin^. 
 
 t Much waste of time may be prevented, when on the 
 prairie, in selecting trails, as well an in the searching' for 
 moundB and planting uf flags, if a mounted member of the party 
 undotakes these useful duties. A man on horseback obtains 
 auch a much better view of the conntry than do those who go 
 afoot, and hie movements »hould be so much quicker. 
 
 Party Outfit : A general map of the portion 
 of Manitoba or the North-West Territorie« to be 
 visited ; a telescope or binocular field-glass ; a 
 pocket compass * ; a measuring tape or chain ; a 
 cross-staff t ; three light rods, about eight or ten 
 feet long, all the better if iron-shod, with a strip of 
 white calico as a flag for each; a tent (size according 
 to number of party,) provided with poles if for 
 prairie use; a camp-kettle; a frying-pan; a tea-pot ; 
 an axe ; an auger ; a butcher's knife ; a lantern; a 
 a scvthe and whetstone X; a halter, bell, § and pair 
 of hobbles for each animal ; 5() feet of one nth 
 
 * It should be rememlKjred that the needle of the magnetic 
 oomjMiss does not i>oiiit oxacily to the true north, the amount of 
 variation beinij'lifferent accordinx to locality. In theNorth-West 
 the true north is from fourteen degrees, in Manitoba, totwontv- 
 four degrees, near the Roclty Mountains, west of tht: dirfction in 
 which the needlepoints. An approximate allowance should 
 therefore be made. 
 
 t A " cross-staff," which is a simple but most useful im» 
 plemont with which to iwrfomi a rough sur^'ey, 
 is very easy tif construction, being a ^)iece of 
 board, say two inches in thickness, with two 
 grooves sawn acroMS the surface at right angles to 
 each other. Th' < then fhmly screwed ufwn a 
 staff about Ave ft-', long, the foot of which should 
 !)« Kharp'jnod to a p(»int, and aI>M) be iron-shod if 
 convenient. The head of a cross-staff may be 
 either square or circular, but one of the latter 
 
 no 
 
 Heud (\f n 
 OrvM-Staff 
 
 form has a better look, and is loss liable to damage in travel 
 ling. The length of the grooves need not exceed six or eight 
 inches. 
 
 J When mosquitoes axe very troublesome, animals will not 
 leave the " smu'ge" to graze, and it may be necessary to out grass 
 for them. 
 
 § The use of bells will obviate much trouble in finding 
 animals feediug ia a couotry where there are bluffs or patches of 
 wtxtds. . . 
 
 ■il.lU.^''J*M".il'* 
 
 ■ ;*;m*f>>>*!^'^'y 
 
;! 
 
 ifiiSttiilui* , iJu" 
 
 UJ 
 
 
 i|i ." 
 
 i 'I 
 
 f ■' ! 
 
 
 
 North- West Trading Company (Limited) 
 
 OFPIOSS: MAIW STEEET, "WIlTlTIPBa, . * 
 
 ■ i) 
 
 ALb KIXUJJ OP 
 
 [ ? TRADERS', -MINERS',^ AND ^ RAILWAY ^SUPPUES^ 
 
 »«':k:e:pt ozt i3:A.isriD -&» 
 
 GhO TO 
 
 For Wall Papers, Becoratiozis, Transfer Ornaments, 
 
 WindoTT 81iades, 
 
 fiOljSE,^ICSN, \m DECORATIVE PAIIVTIM, 
 
 > ir £;jj- 1^4 .-Walii i^irccl South, (Opponlte American notcl), Winnipeg, "Ct 
 
 Asrents for the "ONTARIO SrAIH£D GLASS WOHKS." 
 
 Stainwl aril] «.)1>s!<nre f -lass alwuys on Imiid. Estiumtoa for SUlneil Church Windows aolicitod. 
 
 1 
 
^ Ki..l,UM(-4»'.»../*. .. 
 
 
 ' "<W«MiKi!»M)t»(^, 
 
 MANUAL AND FlELD-BoOK. 
 
 rope ; a spade; strong cord ; and nails and screws. 
 
 N.B. — A coal-oil stove * will be found very 
 useful in a prairie region alisolutely deatitiite of 
 wood. It should, however, be enclosed in a small 
 box that would serve to preserve it from injury 
 while travelling, and protect it from the wind when 
 in use. 
 
 GrcceriM aid PvL'^nsvms: Bacon; potatoes or 
 beans ; biscuits ; flour ; tea or coffee ; sugnr ; 
 pepper, salt, and mustard ; molasr ,is ; dried apples; 
 coal oil ; matches ; soap ; baking ])owdor; and 
 candles. 
 
 Pereonul liequinites : Each member of the 
 party should supply himself with the fol^'wing : 
 The Land Prosfectou's Manual ank Field- 
 BooK ; red-and-blue pencil ; black-lead pencil ; 
 knife, fork, and spoon : tin plaie and pint drink- 
 ing cup ; change of shirt, drawers, and socks ; a 
 towel ; a pair of blanket.^ ; mosquito bars ; a 
 waterproof coat, poncho, or sheet ; and long 
 boots t. Abuftalo robe would be found desirable 
 in early spring or late in tne fall. 
 
 One or two guns among the party would 
 provide, during the proper seasons, variet}- for the 
 bill of fare. 
 
 ESSENTIAL INFORMATION. 
 
 i 
 
 * A stove of tluH khid will be found invnhmble by a settler's 
 "wife durini{ the iirellininary stages of twtHblWhini; a home on the 
 prairie, us, u^viu^ to it^ non-nutiation of huat, it cait tm used in- 
 side of a shanty having no partitioiui w-itix>ut <;au«iu(r discomfort, 
 where any oti\er lund of stove would he found intoleraljle. 
 
 t Ttieee will lie found very comfortable for wear in tlie 
 earJy Hiorning, when the lonif Krai's is hi-nvy witli dew. Thi^y 
 way be diHtw-dcd later in the day. 
 
 When the Prospectors have made up the'r 
 minds as to the particular part of the country they 
 will explore in search of farms to suit their require- 
 ment.'*, they should ascertain in which Land District 
 the locality is situate, and proceed to the office of 
 the " Local Agent " in charge, who is the official 
 representative of the Dominion Lands Branch of 
 the Department of the Interior. [See Diagram No. 
 VI, exhibiting the boundaries of the various Land 
 Districts east of the Second Principal Meridian.] 
 Here they will be furnished, free of cost, vnth all 
 the information the Agent's books contain calculated 
 to assist the would-be settler or purchaser in making 
 his selection with the least possiWe difficulty and 
 loss of time.* The following suggestions are 
 ottered as indicating the general information that 
 should be obtained of a Local Agent : — 
 
 1. As to the moat promising localities the Dis- 
 triiit contains, having regard to the primary requi- 
 sites, viz : Rich land, sufficiency of timber, and 
 good water. 
 
 2 Should all of these desiderata not be attain- 
 able in any locality that appears attractive, it would 
 be imporiAnt to ascertain what prospect there 
 
 "One or more "land uruidcfl" ore attached to each Do- 
 minion Lands Office tt) assist intendinjf .settlt'r>* to find the locali- 
 tJpR they v'ish to ins|>oct; but tlidr siervice.* wre (.hiefly ro(4Uire<l 
 for conduc^tinji' larije parties of luinilijTfttitH arrivinff '"^m Euroj^e. 
 with tho asjitstanco ot this Manlal, small f.>artie« composed of 
 iTiPu ot ordinary intf^lllu'f lu'c and ivrsercranc e can carry out 
 their pur)H>8e more Hatiwucturily ou their " uvvu hoolt." 
 
 ■"ifSM'-. 
 
•• i-i!!Vfi\'iag6g^ 
 
 vJ.i^-iAUvji-C^i^L^'.:^''i^'^-''ii^j.' 
 
 n 
 
 ti 
 
 VAUGHAN, DENNIS, & CO., _ 
 
 if okef^, Ykluktof^, 
 
 
 50.000 ACRES OF GOOD FARMING LANDS FOR SALE. 
 
 LOTS FOH SALE in every Town Plot in this Province 
 • ' .. and the North-West Territories, 
 
 Having confidential Agents in every Town and Village throughout the 
 Province and the Territories, we are prepared to furnish accurate information as 
 to the value and situation of any town lot, or of any section of land, throughout 
 the surveyed territory. 
 
 1 
 
 OFFICES: OVER ALLOWAY AND CHAMPION'S BANKING HOUSE. 
 
 i»osT omcB B02C i;ro. aae, 
 
 Winnipeg, - - • * • -M 
 
 aui«A: 
 
 f vi ■ 
 
omvii; -■•:», !i*s^,-.V'» ":-:.l-f 4:?".! V''' 
 
 ri'^;')eif«»^^^^"''^^»'fS'/s>.-&^(r.^:fi;,>T"'^...-'''':^ KiV.^'^''^^]^'^'''^' 
 
 MANUAL AND FIELD-BOOK. 
 
 —fill* i|a«UJMk>a>*«'kt 
 
 le 
 
 18 
 
 It 
 
 U 
 
 would be of making up any particular deficiency. 
 For instance, whether wood-lots would be obtain- 
 able, if the country it is proposed to locate in should 
 be open prairie; or what results would be likely to 
 attend the sinking of wells, if there be no per- 
 manent fresh water lakes, ponds, or streams in the 
 locality. 
 
 3. Present facilities for reaching the townships 
 under enquiry should be ascertained ; and tne 
 prospects ot securing improved means of transport- 
 ation and communication, in the near future, might 
 also be taken into consideration. 
 
 After deciding in what particular townships 
 they will pursue their search, the Prospectors 
 should obtain the followinj,' specific information in 
 regard to them : — 
 
 ] . As to which quarter-sections have already 
 been entered for by other parties, all of which should 
 be carefully crossed off on one of the blank township 
 diagrams in the Appendix. These being closed 
 against further entry (' iless in case of cancellatiun 
 on account of non-fulnlment of conditions,) the un- 
 marked cj^uarter-sections will shew at a glance all 
 the lands in the township that it is necessary to ex- 
 amine. The diagram itself exhibits, in blank, the 
 even-numbered sections, which are the only sections 
 available for homesteading or pre-emption; the 
 remainder being obtainable bv purchase onlif, from 
 the Government, the Canadian Pacific Railway 
 Company, the Hudsun's Bay Company, or private 
 proprietors who have already acquired them . 
 , 2. As to the characteristics of the locality. The 
 
 Local Agent, on req^uest, will show to an applicant 
 a copy of the official map of the survey of any 
 particular township, drawn on a scale of two 
 inches to the mile. From this the Prospector may 
 note upon a section diagram (also in the Appendix) 
 any features distinguishing the quarter-sections 
 still open for entry. The points to be specially 
 observed and marked down are : — 
 
 (a) The quality of the soil — whether classified 
 
 as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th class. 
 
 (b) Whether the land is prairie, timbered, wet, 
 
 or swampy. 
 
 (c) The course of any creek, and the position 
 
 of any lake or j)ond (fresh, salt, or alka- 
 line) not exhibited in the general map. 
 
 (d) The situation of swamp or hay lands. 
 
 (e) The location of such timber or brush as 
 
 there may be. 
 
 (/) The direction of any road or trail travers- 
 ing the land. 
 
 As most Prospectors are not likely to be pro- 
 vid id with the means of sketching such features 
 on the blank diagram;' in all the ordinary colours 
 employed in topography, the following system is 
 suggested as practically sufficient for enquirers 
 who have provided themselves with a blue-and-ied 
 pencil as well as the ordinary black-lead one : — 
 
 Leave open praine {blank) blank. 
 
 Show streams, lakes, and ponds {blue) in blue. 
 
 Show Bwamps {(jreen dots on yellow ground) by 
 dotting in with blue. 
 
 Show wooded land ((jreen) in red. 
 
 m 
 
I ^' 
 'm i ' 
 
 -T' 
 
 
 VJivivUt'M*.>ii'li'**''i'''- ^.'*VW«-t' >- 
 
 lae.Bt.uaiJkflesiswiipw-^*^'' 
 
 Ff" 
 
 It 
 
 IS 
 
 f III 
 
 m 
 
 J. HOOPER, Proprietor, MORRIS, MANITOBA. 
 
 The oldest paper west of Red River, south of the Assiniboine, and the best advertising 
 
 mod: 'HI of the Red River Valley of the North, 
 
 SXTBSCI^IiPTIOnsr, 
 
 $2.00 j^ -youA-ia iisr A.nDVJLisroE. 
 
 ADVERTISING RATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. 
 
 ^F^ 
 
 
 MtJE 
 
 ^Battleford., 
 
 BANKER, ETC., 
 
 - ------ 2Sr. "^5^- T- 
 
 Lands bought and sold, Money invested, etc Charges moderate. 
 
 P WHOLESALE DRY GOODSJGROCERIESJ BOOTS AND SHOES, m 
 
 "" HA-iR-IDWJ^iaii], ETC., ETC., ; 
 
 *»"A LARGE ASSORTMENT ALWAYS ON HAND.-** . . : ^ 
 P. 0. DRAWER No. 9, | A. MACDONALD, 
 
 Battleford^N. W. T. 
 
 WINNIPEG. ) 
 
 ^■■L»U>.t M^-^ .■■Ji^.-kiin-^SfXtr.^^tliAhi^M^^-^n.f-a'tA- «iti,;t'-: '.f.'^Mff^i'l') A'-iJ/A.i.^ 
 
MANUAL AN7)' Fin LT) -BOOK, 
 
 Show scrub or brush {in green dots) by dotting 
 ' / in with red . 
 
 Show brule, or wood land burnt over (lujlii 
 '' hroum,) in blue, dotted over with red. 
 
 Show ridges or hills by sketching them iu with 
 black. 
 
 Show roads or trails by dotting in with black. 
 
 N.B, — The colours in italics given above are 
 those employed in the ordinary topography of such 
 maps as the Prospectors will examine at any Land 
 Office. 
 
 Having thus noted the ]irincipal features on 
 the blank diagrams of their tield-books, the pros- 
 pectors should fir-ally seek information as to the 
 best trail to follow in order to reach the town^^hips 
 they purpose examining, and this should be 
 sketched down on the general map. 
 
 g 
 
 HOW TO FIND A PARTICULAR SECTION. 
 
 Upon nearing the locality to be e-iplored, the 
 arty should keep on the look-out for a '' mound." 
 io soon as one is perceived, an examination of the 
 marks upon the post in its centre [See Diagram 
 JJo. v.] will acquaint the Proapectors with the 
 exact situation in which they then stand. Any 
 person who comprehends the meaning of the in- 
 scriptions on township or section corner posts can- 
 not possibly get lost within the surveyed districts 
 of the North- West, and, with or without the aid 
 of a compass, he should experience little difficulty 
 in keeping on the course he widhes to follow. 
 
 Having at last reached such a mound in imme- 
 diate proximity to one of the sections it is desired 
 to examine, in order to reach the actual spot it is 
 only necessary to follow up one of the surveyed 
 lines leading in the proper direction, which may be 
 readily done by the following method : Let two 
 members of the party be designated "A" and " B." 
 Let A plant the cros^-S'taff against the post in the 
 centre of the mound, and by use of the pocket- 
 compass, and allowing for the variation, set one of 
 the grooves in the direction of north-and-soxith. 
 Then let B, on horseback, start otf in the rec[uired 
 direction (whether north, fjouth, east, or west,) A 
 directing him by motions, so that he proceeds on a 
 (correct course. Wh^n he has goue about half a 
 mile, he should be able to find the mound erected 
 at the quarter-section corner (marked with the 
 " \ " sign only.) Here he may plant his flag. Two 
 points being thus absolutely established, by placing 
 the cross-staif on either of them, and aligning one 
 of its grooves on the flag planted upon the other, 
 lines can be set olf, either north-aud-south or east- 
 and-west, with almost perfect accuracy. All that 
 is necessary is for A to glance through the groove 
 pointing in the particular direction required, 
 to be able to direct B upon a true coui-se any 
 distance within the range of his sight. 
 
 HOW TO LOCATE CORNERS ON UNSURVEYED LINES. 
 
 To ascertain the true centre of any section, or 
 the position of a suction oi' tjuarter-section corner 
 
*jBt'.«A iai«*(i««»«a«j»«iW«MHsast6«9M«»»ai*fcuwfm<^ 
 
 
 
 if: 
 
 J 
 
 :l , 
 
 ■ } 
 i 
 
 THE 
 
 MANITOBA DIRECTORY 
 
 m 1 
 
 w 
 
 ■fA 
 
 ,tv >> 
 
 Enlarg^ed and Improved, 
 
 : INCLUDING THE NEWLY-ADDED TEHRITORY, 
 
 WILL BE PUBLISHED EARLY 
 
 JANUARY, 1862; 
 
 And wUl contain, not only the names of the different residents in the several cities, towns, and 
 villages, but will include all reports connected with the trade of the Province, the growth of 
 the towns, and harvest returns, too;pther with an amount of details carefully collected, not to be 
 found in any other publication, and of such a reliable nature as to prove invaluable to politi- 
 
 cians, students, and intending settlers. 
 
 Wixmipeff, Emerson, and Portage la Prairie Directory, with Classified Business 
 Direotorj, $2.00. Province of Iffanitoba and U.W.T. Directory, $i.OO. 
 
 ■^«*^g~- 
 
 ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION TO 
 
 is^ :s 3 lEs: DB I^T id s us 3 o 
 
 if ua WIS a /^o WiJf:fiPM€f. 
 
 10 
 
MANLAL AND FIELD-HOOK. 
 
 on any unsurveyed line, is a very simple matter 
 with the aid of the cro&s-staff, by adoptina; the 
 folloMnng method : — 
 
 To find the centre of Sect, 14 : — Let B plant 
 one flag on the mound at a, and another on th it at 
 6 ; and let A plant the cross-stafF at c, aligning one 
 of the groovM on the flag at b. Then let B plant 
 a third flag a few chains west of c, being directed 
 by A through the groove pointing in that direc- 
 tion ; and call this fresh point d. Finally, let A 
 walk westwai-d, according to the line indicated by 
 the flags at d and c, untu he can not only align 
 those flags through the one groove, but that stand- 
 ing at a through the groove pointing south. When 
 this is the case, the point wnereou the cross-stait' 
 then stands will be the actual centre of the sec- 
 tion ; and a picket to mark its position, thus ascer- 
 tained, may now be driven in. 
 
 To find the point </, where the unsurveyed 
 line dividing the two sections is intersected, a simi- 
 lar plan may be followed by obtaining the requi- 
 site bearings from the mounds most convenient. 
 
 In order to determine the relative position of 
 any of the comers of sections or quarter-sections 
 occurring on the unsurveyed limit of a ruad allow- 
 ance, the most ready plan is to plant the cross- 
 staff at the post in the mound immediately oppo- 
 site the point it is desired to ascertain, and align 
 one of its grooves upon a flag erected on some 
 
 93 
 
 adjacent mound. The comer to be located may then 
 be measured, in the direction of the other groove, at 
 a distance of one chain. Referring to the accom- 
 panying dia- 
 gram, and sup- 
 .'/'l posing it is re- 
 quired to locate 
 the north-west 
 corner of the S. 
 W.; of Sect. 23: 
 Let B plant a 
 flag on the 
 mound at k. A, 
 taking \m posi- 
 tion by the 
 mound at /i, and 
 having aligned 
 thecross-stafl^ou 
 this flag, will 
 direct B where 
 to plant a se- 
 cond flag, at 
 .... lather more 
 — than a chain's 
 length towards 
 the east, by- 
 means of the groove pointing in that direction. All 
 that now remains is to measure one chain from h 
 to i, and drive in a picket. 
 
 14- 
 
 rfc 
 
 II 
 
! I 
 
 M 
 
 DOMINION STREET, 
 Jgm««'§on, g,^«nUol.o, 
 
 COMMISSION MERCHANT; 
 
 DKALKR IN' 
 
 Flour, Feed, drain, 
 
 Groceries, Provisions, 
 
 and Farm Froduoe. 
 
 ja- CONSIGNMENTS SOLICITED. -^ 
 
 N.B. — Commissioner in B. R. for the Province. 
 
 GEO. B. ELLIOTT, 
 
 FINANCE, INSURANCE, 
 For the Municipalities of 
 
 MORKIS AND MONTCALM, 
 
 WEST LYNNE, MANITOBA. 
 
 Collectiorut nwile at all pointn in Southern Manitoba. 
 
 Municipal and other Securities negotiated. Money 
 
 invented in Ileal Egtate in Manitot)a. 
 
 ^9000 ^srsRDiToas.-^ 
 
 LARIYIERE, BLACK, & CO., 
 
 ACCOUNTING, AND 
 
 GENERAL COMMISSION BUSINESS. 
 
 Special attention given to investment of funds 
 placed in their charge. 
 
 office: 293 main st., upstairs, 
 
 WIMXIPECi, 
 
 MANITOBA. 
 
 A. A. C. LAllTVIKRE, M.P.P., I GEORGE P. BLACK. 
 
 I>ato ('lil<'f tlerk in tlm Uoiiiinlon I Late Ai i.«iiniAnt anU Ciwhler of the 
 Uiiuls OlHip I C'ttniutlRi) Pacific RallwKy, 
 
 AND 
 
 NORTH-WEST ADVOCATE. 
 
 ^r A LIVE WEEKLY NEWSPAPER. 
 
 ONE OF TH* BEST AOVKKTISINO MEDIUM."), OUTSIDE 
 OF WINNIPEG, IN THE NOIITHWEST. 
 
 Subscription Rate, $2.00 per year. 
 
 W. GIBBBNS, Publisher ^ Proprietor. 
 
 lit 
 
THE 
 
 SYSTEM ^ OF SURVEY. 
 
 Townships and 'Ranges.— Section8.— Subdivision of SEcnoNs.— The Order of Survey.— How 
 Surveyed Lines are Marked on the Ground.— The Old System of Survey.— Limits 
 OF THE Different Systems. 
 
 townships and ranges. 
 
 Under the improved system of survey, now in 
 force, Dominion lands in the North-West Terri- 
 tories are laid oflf in four-sided "townships," 
 almost square in form, bounded on their 
 east and west sides by lines which are meri- 
 dians of longitude (i-e., radiating from the North 
 Pole,) and on the north and south sides bv lines 
 whic^ are chords of the circular parallels of 
 latitude intersecting such meridians. 
 
 A township measures on its east and west sides, 
 from centre to centre of the road allowances which 
 form its actual boundaries, exactly 483 chains, and 
 on its north and south sides 486 chains, more or 
 less, subject to the deficiency or surplus resulting 
 from the convergence or divergence of the meri- 
 dians, as the case may be, caused by the curvature 
 of the surface of the Globe. 
 
 Townships are numbered in regular order 
 northward from the 49th Parallel of north lati- 
 tude, which forms the International Boundary 
 Line between the territories of Canada and those 
 of the Unitfld^States [See Diagram No. I] and 
 
 they lie in "ranges" which are numbered in 
 regular succession westward of certain standard 
 north-and -south linea first established, under the 
 name of "principal meridians," which are dis- 
 tinctly set down on all Government maps.* 
 There are also certain ranges lying (and numbered) 
 east of the First Principal Meridian, and likewise 
 some townships lying (and numbered) south of 
 the 49th Parallel ; but these latter are situate east of 
 the Lake of the Woods. 
 
 sections. 
 Each to^mship is subdivided into thirty-six 
 "sections" of 640 acres, or one snuare mile, more 
 or less (the exact area being, like that of the town- 
 ship itself, subject to the convergence or divei-cence 
 of meridians,) together with certain road allow- 
 ances, having a width of oue chain, on each 
 
 '■- Tlie First Piin<;ipal Meridian runs ii^rtliward from a 
 point on the Inteniationil Boundary about eleven miles west of 
 tlie town of Emerson. Tlie Second Priuoiital Meridian is estiib- 
 lished upon the 102nd meridian of west longitude, pausing 
 about thirty miles west of Fort Ellice. The Third, Fourth, and 
 Fifth Principal Meridians are identical with the lOOth, llOth, 
 and 114th meridians of lonijitude ro8peeti\ ely. 
 
 I'd 
 
¥1(6 J^iqef^oii Ii\tefi\ktior\kl, 
 
 FIBLI!«HKI> IIAILY AND WEEKLY, AT 
 
 EMERSON, MANITOBA, 
 
 ^■S- O. S- ID a TJ- CS- Xa .A. s . 
 
 Weokly I&tenifttiCXial : A large and handsome aeven-coJumn quarto, cut and 
 pasted, containing fifty-six columns of reading matter. Persons owning land in Manitoba, or 
 intending to settle in the Prairie Province, should subscribe for the Weekly International if 
 they wish to keep posted on the progress and development of the Province. Subscription 
 price, $2.00 per year, postage pre-paid by publisher. 
 
 D&ily latsrXl&tiOXial : issued every afternoon, except Sunday, from the office on 
 Church Sti*eet, next to City Hall. Advertising rates made known on application. Subscription 
 price, per mail, $10 per year. 
 
 ADVERTISING RAT^S FOR WEEKLY: 
 
 J col., 6 months $15 00 ; One year $28 00 
 
 } " 6 '• 28 00; « 55 00 
 
 « 
 
 52 00; 
 
 i< 
 
 .100 00 
 
 Transient advertisements must be paid for in advance. 
 
 Business and Professional Cards, not exceeding ten lines, $10.00 per annum. 
 Advertisements inserted in local columns, ten cents per line. 
 
 Advertisements without written instructions will be inserted until forbid, and charged 
 accordingly. 
 
 For further particulars, address * lat^HlfttiOBftli " SsiMniO&i MiAltOlML 
 
 14 
 
MA:^UAh AND Jf'IJCLV-MOOK. 
 
 section line runninj? north-and-soutli, and on every 
 alternate section line running east-and-wost. [See 
 Diagram No. II.] 
 
 The sections are laid out uf th«» precise width 
 of eighty chains (or eighty-one clmins, including 
 the contij^uous road allowance) on ( -iriain lines 
 rnnninj.' east-and-west called "base lined;" and the 
 meridians bounding sectiona arc drawn thence both 
 northward and southward to the depth of two 
 townships, to certain "correction hneti." (See 
 Diagram No. I.] 
 
 All sections scnith of a base line will accor- 
 dingly have their northern and southern boundary 
 lines rather more than eighty chains, while the 
 northern and southern boundaries of sections in 
 the townships laid off north of tlie same base 
 line will correspondinglv measure somewhat less 
 than the normal dimension of eighty chains. 
 
 ^'~- 
 
 118 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 u!i:i 
 
 7 
 
 M 
 
 » 
 
 10 
 
 U i la 
 
 « 
 
 r. 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 ail ,, 
 
 ■ ■■ 11 
 
 ■■>■ 
 
 111 ■■ 
 
 
 — i^ — \B 
 
 31 
 
 3-2 
 
 3;? 
 
 31 
 
 \ir>\m 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 28 
 
 «7 1 26 2i, i 
 
 If* 
 
 •V) 
 
 21 
 
 •2? 
 
 1 2;i 1 24 1 
 
 The above diagram serves to exhibit the dis- 
 crepancies arising from the convergence or 
 divereenct' f the meridians, though in an exagger- 
 ated aegrce for the purpose of distinct illusiliAtion. 
 It will be readil\ seen that the area of the aeclions 
 
 into which the township surveyed north of the ba^o 
 line A B is subdivided decrease in area the 
 farther from such base line they are situate, while, 
 in the case of the sections in another township laid 
 off upon the >>ime base line, but to the south of it, the 
 very reverse is the case. * 
 
 The survey uj^on each base line t is carried, 
 northward and southward, to the depth of two tiers 
 of townships. Thus, a.^ four tiers in all are 
 surveyed from each several base line, the meridians 
 forming the eastern and western boundaries of the 
 sections necessarily approach, though they do not 
 exactly meet, each other at a distance of two 
 townships liom such base lines. Terminating 
 upon opposite sides of the road allowance, they 
 produce what is technically known as the "jog," 
 resulting from their want of ])arallelism, which is 
 shewn upon the correction lines, X already spoken 
 of, and as ex hibit ed in Diagram No. I. 
 
 * Though the above particulars arc given in explanation of 
 the system of survey, the diwirejMUKnes rcsultiii« within the lati- 
 tudfK hounding the' Fertile Belt are practically inai>prfciahle to 
 the settler, the difference between the lentrth of the north and 
 WMitli boundaries of » township being actually only a few 
 links more or le«3 than a chain, according tn tlin particular town- 
 ihip in tiuesli;'n ; or the diffeieiice is only sibout Jialf a foo 
 between the northern and southern Jxjutidaryof a iiuailer-soction, 
 a distance of half a ndln. 
 
 ( The First Bade Lino i» i<lciitic;»l uitli thf 40t.h J'aralle! of 
 north latitude (the International Boundary.) The lS«cond Base 
 Line runs east and west between Townshijis 4 and 5; the Thinl 
 l)etwcen Townships 8 and ; and so on, nortlicrly, in regular 
 auccesslon, at intervals of every four tiers of townsnips. 
 
 { Th« First Correction Ijine isl>etween Townships 2 and 3 ; 
 the Second, between Townships G and 7 ; the .Third, lictween 
 Townshiiw 10 and 11 ; and so on, in rcg^ular succession, at inter- 
 v^ln of four tuwnshipe. 
 
 li 
 
mm 
 
 A. MAODONALD [& Co., 
 
 EX)3sd:03srT03Srji: 3Sr. "W. T. 
 
 V ___________ . . ' 
 
 AlwAjB ou lia&d— a L&rs:e Stock of Dry GFoods, GFrooorioff, Soots and Shoes, 
 
 SaxdTrore, Etc. Choap for Cash. 
 
 Investments made m THE FUTURE CITY of the AMERICAN CONTINENT, 
 Charges Moderate. P. 0. Drawer 9, Winnipeg, 
 
 TflK PRACTICE OF 
 
 C$mm#i?$li»l 03^gftmii» Anmlyslsi 
 
 A TREATISE ON 
 
 TtIB ProFEUTIKS, PROXIMATK AkALVTICAL KxAMINATION. ANl VfODRS OF ASSAYINW THE VARIOUS 
 
 OrOANK; t'HRMICAI.S AND PaOI>U<JT>J EMPLOYED IN THE AkJl^, M ANBfEAtrrURKS, MbPICIMB, 
 
 ETC.; V/ITH CoNCISR MrTIIODS KOR THE DETECTION AND DbTERM I NATION OF THEIR 
 
 ImPURITIRM, ADnLTRKATIONS, AND PRODUCTS OF DECOMPOSITION; 
 
 L«cturer on Chemistry at the Sheffield Sch 'ol of Medicine : Public Analyst for the West Kidioff of York- 
 Bhiro, the Northern Division of Derbyahire, and the Boronghs of Sheffield, Chesterfield, Rotherfaam, 
 Barnsley, and Doncastor. t 
 
 PUBLISHED BY J. & A. CHURCHILL, NEW BURLINGTON STREET, LONDON. 
 
 Tol. I. (price 10s. Od.) jiiHi publii^hed. Vol. II. in the press. 
 
 • M .■■ .... .. 
 
 ■tuh. 
 
 ^,.^^U..].ijVJ-ijli.j-'i 
 
'"■waaMMM 
 
 MANUAL AND FIELD-BOOK, 
 
 T 
 
 The above figure shows, in an exaggerated de- 
 gree, how irregular width of the roacl allowances 
 on all correction lines results from the same cause. 
 
 SUBDIVISION OF S1CTI0N8, 
 
 Eaeh section of a township 18 subdivided into 
 "quarter-8ection8"containing 160 acres each, or half 
 a mile square, more or less, as shown in the accom- 
 panying diagram, and they are referred to 
 Bespectively as the N.E. i, the N.W. \, the S.E. i, 
 or the S.W. \ of the section of which they form 
 part. 
 
 N. 
 
 W. 
 
 N.W.J 
 
 N.E.i 
 
 S.W.4 
 
 S.E.i 
 
 E. 
 
 Quarter-aections. 
 
 The terms 'Tialf-quarter-aection" and "quarter- 
 %mart«r-section" are legal designations expre.ssing 
 
 the quantity of 80 and 40 acres respectively ; but, 
 to facilitate the descriptiou for letters patent of 
 leas than a half -quarter-section, the quarter-sectitns 
 comprising every separate section are, in accordance 
 with the boundaries of the same as planted in tht» 
 original survey, supposed to be further subdivided 
 each into four quarter-quartei -sections (of 40 acres 
 each) and these mav be referred to by the numbers 
 as shewu on the folio wiujj diagram of a seetiott so 
 cut up into " legal subdivisions :" 
 
 W. 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 U 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 9 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 E. 
 
 "Legal Siihdivuiims" of a Hecf^^ion. 
 
 The entry-certificates and letters patent des- 
 cribing wocdi;)tf! vliaposed of by the Government 
 to settlers designate such small parcels of laud by 
 referring to them as certain parts of legal tub- 
 divihions numbered as above shewn. Wood-lots 
 are generally rectangular, having a narrow front 
 upou a section line. 
 
 THE ORDKR OF iURVET. 
 
 Previous to the subdivision of Dominion lands 
 into townships, sections, and quarter-sections, the 
 
 17 
 
-iiLif&^i,^Mi^,iHtU^^^^t :. 
 
 '-\»-.it>.t:.;j. ,-:aU 
 
 .*^mMt^'-mk^»'^Jifi^^ii*:*^i^'»i' ^fi'^ iii i i)a 
 
 ^'^£*i'}^.vti'^-*'i^'^-^s^ji ■ 
 
 
 Si: 
 
 ciidowmeni 
 as fiiUow . — 
 
 CHIJAP AND SAFJi: INSURANCE! 
 
 A rt'HELV CANADIAN INSTri'L i'lON. 
 
 Is fiHin.liMl up. n tin- iiiinst iiiicl biO'iilest (iriiuipleM .if soluiffs and monUitv , >.'..uiMnih;^ :ill iUe good tjviali 
 tifsjot ntJicr umttwl liL'uotit ;uiil luii^vuk-ht nrilt(r«, uitli i>-rtaiii luJ^aii! igrs lU'culiitr ti> il>f||. Tlu' )ion(>fltM 
 !iro irit'iit. \\)iikth(!fi'L"iar!iIilnos itre losttliim in Any otlu-r kindivd Hucioiy" Tli.- |»iin(:i|>iil fi tliHStHftiv, (l)'J'hi' 
 fnitt'iii.il pri\iK'i.'i-»i lit thr> Unlor, and tlio fdi:civtl(>iial .i|..(,iirtiu)itii'« oi tln' ..'i.urt. rriiim , (•;!) Kn-u iiu'diciil 
 a^tcimaijcu durin;,' aii\ pt-riod ol illnis.-«; (H) A utnklj uIIuwuhl-c rvliili; -.iik; (1} PiT--i)i4id i-iirc un<l attontinn nf 
 the Brethren durlnfj illnebs ; (5) A hiiieral benetit to thu family of ii deoeused member; (0) And lastly, th« 
 of ?l,000, $2,0' ■ or !?a,(iOO. pyablo at death ; l»alf of such auiouut on total disability and the balance on death ;or the 
 n annual InstalnientH, un attaining; "i-ienty \ears ul a^e. The ftxtd assessments to seJure kuih a valuable endowment are 
 
 M011II1I.V Bttiirs or AHscAftineulK t 
 
 Between the ajes of: 
 
 M.OOO. 
 
 «<2,ooo. .^a.oco. 
 
 ir 
 
 Ml 
 
 Between the «;/«« of : 
 
 18 
 H» 
 2J 
 
 ai 
 
 1.M 
 
 21 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 2'5 
 
 27 
 
 2S 
 
 2i) 
 
 3i) 
 
 HI 
 
 3-2 
 
 :k.\ 
 
 31 
 
 :j5 
 
 aud 19.. 
 and 20. . 
 and n . . 
 and 22 . . 
 and 2 J. 
 and 24 . , 
 and 2» . . 
 and 2((.. 
 and 27.. 
 and 28 . . 
 nd29.. 
 and 80.. 
 und .11 . . 
 and »2 . 
 and X\ . . 
 and 'M. . 
 and 35 . 
 and 33... 
 and 37 . . 
 
 1 
 
 $0 60 1 
 
 «1 f 
 
 02 
 
 «.s 1 
 
 64 
 
 tij 
 
 CU 
 
 07 
 
 OS 
 
 m 
 
 TO 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 70 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 $1 2«t 
 1 22 
 1 2t 
 1 2(5 
 1 2d 
 1 .,0 
 1 32 
 1 34 
 1 8(; 
 1 3f* 
 1 40 
 1 42 
 1 44 
 
 1 m 
 
 1 4H 
 1 50 
 1 .52 
 ] 5d 
 1 00 
 
 «!l 80 
 1 83 
 1 8« 
 
 1 89 
 92 
 
 9r. 
 
 08 
 01 
 04 
 07 
 10 
 
 2 l.S 
 2 10 
 2 19 
 2 22 
 2 2fi 
 2 2s! 
 2 tii 
 2 40 
 
 87 and 38 
 .S8 and 39 
 
 39 and 40 
 
 40 and 41 
 
 41 and 42 
 
 42 and 43 
 
 43 and 44 
 
 44 and 45 
 
 45 and 40 
 40 aud 47 
 
 47 and 4.>J 
 
 48 and 49 
 4U and r>u 
 50 and ">1 , 
 01 and 52, 
 
 52 ar.d r,:i. 
 
 53 anil r,4 
 
 54 and 53, 
 
 ijfl.OOO. 
 
 2,000. 
 
 SG.OOO. 
 
 §0 82 
 
 n C4 
 
 2 40 
 
 84 
 
 1 (18 
 
 2 52 
 
 80 
 
 1 72 
 
 2 68 
 
 8» 
 
 1 70 
 
 2 «4 
 
 00 
 
 1 80 
 
 2 70 
 
 92 
 
 1 84 
 
 2 7« 
 
 % 
 
 1 SW 
 
 2 85 
 
 98 
 
 1 00 
 
 a 94 
 
 1 (.12 
 
 2 04 
 
 3 00 
 
 1 07 
 
 2 14 
 
 3 27 
 
 1 14 
 
 2 28 
 
 3 42 
 
 1 22 
 
 2 44 
 
 3 Ott 
 
 1 35 
 
 2 70 
 
 4 05 
 
 1 45 
 
 3 tK) 
 
 4 35 
 
 1 55 
 
 3 10 
 
 4 «B 
 
 1 66 
 
 3 30 
 
 4 95 
 
 1 75 
 
 3 ."lO 
 
 5 25 
 
 1 65 
 
 3 70 
 
 5 55 
 
 Ed. BoTTRREi,ii, Louse ■' OomnHiuy, Ottawa, P. S.CR. ORo\nYATEKn.\, AID., London, SCR. H. L. Bottoms. Belleville, 
 S.V.C.R. E. S. Cr.MMER. Bi-iidiUjn, S.S. Edward Towr, London, S. Troas. Geo. Parish, London, S.S.W. H. T. Urxipox, New 
 Hainlarjrh, S..J.VV. J. B. IIai/. btt, Ottawa, H.H.li. J. D. k'AWcinT. Drayton, S.J.B. .Manitoba— H. 8. Ckoi-iv, Hon. H.(.'.R,,Winniije!^'. 
 
 N.E. -All Foreators' Courts are voluntary at'enpies for the carr^in^' on and ext^tMision of the business of the Order. There 
 'j«)injr uo heavy salarjc« to j^y, the Order Is able to offer the -ibove hljfhly advantageous tenns to healthy men cK'sjrous of otakinu- 
 |)rov Won a^ldut (uturti coutinjfencic.'. 
 
 II 
 
 »if 
 
 
 ;- c^iiM-: 
 
5^^ 
 
 i'3IWfcfTl«B5^*'/'"Wy'*J T>WEV -■ 
 
 ..4^«l^' ^"iT'f't-.iV.'.y,,. ,V, 
 
 ,. d'V..<i-',i';:J'' »r.<rl.Ji'.Vji^ 
 
 MA N UAL A KD FIELD-BOOK. 
 
 portion of the country to be so surveyed is laid 
 off ill "blucks" of sixreeu towiiohipK \-acL, bv 
 projinling (he scvoj'al bas»' lin.-si lui,! meridian 
 fines wliicli are rtHjnirt-d to Ibrm tlii* bruindariori of 
 each block. Thost- block «invey< are sjveciAlly 
 arranged for by tlie Government m advar.oe of 
 immediate reauirements for suhdi vision into 
 townships, a.Al by this means a gexieral knowledge 
 of the features of the country is first obtained. 
 
 The outlines of the townships included within 
 such a block are next surveyed by a different 
 burv'.-yor, whose report extends the 
 
 knowledge 
 
 m jios.icssiou of the 
 
 of the locality already 
 Department. 
 
 Lastly, the townships wliocc outlines have 
 been thus already defined are subdivided,upon con- 
 tract, by a third surveyor, who u required to 
 plant upon the ground all the interior posti or 
 other monuments shewn in Diagranj No, II, and 
 also to set down in bis field-note-sall facts necessary 
 to a complete topographical report of the country. 
 The returns of these contract surveyors, the 
 accuracy of which is ensured by a Hyitem of 
 inspection, constitute a valuable fund of intelligence 
 regarding the soil and general resources of the 
 North- West, which is available for statesmen, in- 
 vestors, or settlers iuterested in the progress and 
 development of the country. 
 
 When the survey of townships progresses so 
 far west that a fresh principal meridian is reached, 
 the fractional townships resulting ftom the ^Jog" 
 on the correction lines are not absorbed into the 
 
 adjoining r*' , , but they are allowed to conati- 
 tutH an int'i iyiCi;«..nt range of jjucli broken town- 
 ship.^, [See . 'vng' XXX., Oiagiam 4N0. I. J 
 
 HOW HCRVKY I.T\F>; ARK MUtKKn (>\ IHi! 
 
 The course of every line surveyed in the 
 Nortli-West is marked upon the gi-ound by the 
 planting or erection of *ucn posts, stones, mounds, 
 or other mon'iuH'nls as will serve the temporary 
 )>urj)ose of guiding Prosjieeturs through tht; 
 country, .'vud which a.Uv constitute i»ermanent 
 landmarks to eslabli^h the legal boundaries of farms 
 hell by diki'ercnt proprietors, * 
 
 Only a single row of posts Cor other monu- 
 ments) to indicate the corners of townships, pec- 
 . tions, or quarter •se'.'tions is placed ou the ground 
 to show the line surveyed, except in the case of 
 correction lines. Such posts (or other monu- 
 ments) are invariabl-y planted aloni;' the weatt'm 
 limit of the roail ailowance on all lines runniuj? 
 north-and-siouih, and in the soiithtin limit of the 
 road allowance 07i all linea running east-and-west. 
 It follows, accordingly, that such corner posts always 
 
 " It is not only iDlsthlevnus and improper, but in law a 
 I'olonv, to renxwe, altvr, or "lufaeu uuy liui<!iniirl<t!stal)llslicd by 
 tin* mtjifiiial Hurv«'3 M "f *'''*^ Goveriiisii'iit. Settleia BhouKl there- 
 fore nuver renicvo sucb in orJ.cr to ;)liUit a fence or vonitruct 
 ailitob, i.ut conserve the eviiienei f the true boundarlpe of 
 ! their fttrnis with the nio.it jeal<nis luind I'rosiR-ctors also 
 
 j should disjoount€iittn<;« i\n> dis|)Osit , h> nK.kk-s9 '.;omt>ani<»us, 
 I ti> interfere v^ith the niontiincnts on any prctenw. 
 
 10 
 
 ,.:.( 
 
 i ^o-tnUi^M- -rt^Wj ^t^ 
 
 '^t,i«'.t'fcd*Vi^ m^tJAvyW^t.^'^tiii't.V'^H'Jit- ,» y^'^'A" HL'j 
 
 ii'i4»V .^'-^tf.-^K-^wV 
 
^.AiitatLi 
 
 L*i<Wr''4^r.Vn')^.^ 
 
 - -J-. JLiAMAjiili.iti;~"aii'Lt'L'-fii:- . 
 
 r'< SlsNlbvitii&iv .-,.»; y."«ivi 
 
 'miaS'.-'i^m^^ii^&'^f:^^^^*^*' 
 
 ■H^\ 
 
 ONE OF THE OLDEST AND - 
 
 L.I BeliaDle ItMm in \u World 
 
 "■' , .' roa THK LURE ov 
 
 ^ V' Concka, Celdm IIMlrN«■e•l^ Horo Throat, 
 BrMichltUt liUtuuuMt. A»tUmu, W li«wi> 
 Ins CoHarli, Croup, and crt-ry 
 
 AFFECTION OF THE 
 
 THROAT, LUNGS, AIND CHEST, 
 
 ■ U.CLUDINlJ 
 
 A WELL-KNOWN PHISICIAN WRITES : 
 
 "If does not dry up a touyh, and 
 leave, the cause behind, as is the cate 
 with iiiott preparations; but loo»ens it, 
 deamesthe lunys, andallaxjs irritation, 
 thus rernonny the caim of complaint." 
 
 DO NOT BE DECEIVED 
 
 By :irti(le!* b^-iiiius sliuiLir uauiM. 
 Hu nurf yoH 4ft>» 
 
 rr. Wislar's Balsai of Wiiil Clierrj, 
 
 will] flir sl^'iiiitur.' «( " I. P.l'TTS "on the wriipper. 
 
 t^ SO CIEII^rTS 
 Preparfed by SETH W. FOWLE & 
 
 Ji^lSriD Sl.OO J^ BOTTXiE.-^ 
 SONS, Bo3ton, Mass. Sold by Druggists and Dealers generally. 
 
 Manitoba Mountaineer, 
 
 , ^ PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT NELSON VILI.K, 
 
 ONLY ADVaKTISma MS3IUM FOR HORTH-WaSTSRH MANITOBA, 
 
 THE EIRST AND BEST SETTLED PART OF THE PROVINCE. 
 
 A few copies of JEFF GEE'S Humorous Sketch of 
 
 both: siides of nsydz^ztriTOBA. 
 
 still on hand, PRICE, 50 cents. This i» a narrative of Seven Years* Varied Experiences in the 
 country, and everyone should read ir. The practical information containe'l is in every sense reliable. 
 
 Address, 
 
 The MOUHTAIHSSE, HsIscnYille, Han. 
 
 20 
 
 ■i|l;(' 
 
MANUAL AND FIELD-BOOK. 
 
 L 
 
 i 
 
 le 
 
 »t«nd on the north-east comer of the township, 
 section, or quarter-section to which they helonsf ; 
 also, that these single lines of posts govern the 
 relative position of the corners on tlif opposite 
 sides of the road allowance (or road allowancps) 
 on which they etati \ whether the same may be 
 those of adjacen'. townships, scctiouH. or <iuarter- 
 sections. [See Difc.graiu No. II. J 
 
 On correction lines, however, the boun- 
 daries on both sides of the road allowance are plant- 
 ed with monuments indicating tin.' township, 
 section, and nuartb -section corners [See Fig. 3, 
 Diagram No. v.] 
 
 The kind of monument eniployetl varies 
 somewhat, according to the material available in 
 the locality surveyed ; but the position in which 
 all such are placed is governed by unalteiable 
 rules, and the inscriptions or maiks are all in 
 conformity. 
 
 In a ti/mbfretl country, a post three inches pi^iiare, 
 and showing two feet above ground (See Fig. 2, 
 L»i gram No. IV.] is firmly j^lanted at the town- 
 ship or section corner to be in<<icatcd, an' I it hoars 
 marks as herep fter described. The post distinguish- 
 ing a qnartei -ection corner in such a region is 
 t.hiee inches wide, being flattened on two sides, 
 a- d it stands eighteen inches only above the sur- 
 fh \ with the flattened sides at right angles to 
 thf "ne on which it «tands [See Fig. 1, Diagram 
 No. V^.] In a wooded region where stone abounds, 
 corners are sometimes defined by bim])le stones 
 
 correctly planted and properly marked. [See Fig. 
 .i, DiAgram Nn. IV.*] The position of all suon 
 corners as are indicated by simple monuments such 
 as a post or stone are further defined by the 
 astronomical bearing and distance therefrom being 
 marked in red chalk upon some adjacent tree, 
 the Hide of which nearest to ihe monument is also 
 inscribed with the letters "B. T," cut into the 
 trunk. 
 
 Ill aprainc country, the posts stand in the centre 
 of mounds, generally of earth, thrown up in the 
 form of right-angled pyramids. At the corners of 
 townships these mounds are thiee feet high, their 
 bases being six feet square ; at the corners of 
 sections or quarter-secliors the mounds stand 2 ft. 
 6 in. high, and their bases ?re five feet s([uare. In 
 the formation of these mounds the earth is taken 
 from four square pits, each beinjj opposite one 
 of the four sides of the mound, [See Fig. 4, 
 Diagram No. IV.] In a prairie country that is also 
 stony, the mounds are often built of stones, piled 
 up around the post so as to conform as nearly as 
 possible to the earth mounds in size and shape, 
 [See Fig. G, Diagram No. IV. J 
 
 If a townshi)) or other corner fall in a ravine, 
 the bed of a stream, or some similar situation where 
 it would be impossible to erect a monument of a 
 permanent character, and should a "bearing tree" 
 not be obtainable, the surveyor indicates the posi- 
 
 * A stone corner is ^rry rarely t'l bf sf>«ii in the Sorth- 
 West, ttie country having t'cnerallj an alluvial soli of great rich 
 neaa, with no stone whatever. 
 
 t 
 
 U 
 
 * vx/.r^m^jt^-. 
 
^^ 
 
 mmmm 
 
 WVI 
 
 
 If; 
 
 
 BATTERSSY'S DOMINION POCKET 
 
 Rsdkws^y ai&d Travellers' Guide 
 
 •WITH l^JLF. 
 
 .SubHcription Pi-ic»', 7ao. per annum, j j PuljlislKul monthly, and issued 
 
 mailed to any place. -P^stauiwsiikd 187 i. promptly on the fifth of every 
 
 Single Copies - - 10 cents, j ( month. 
 
 Offices, 2@4 fc 266 St. James St. Montreal. 
 
 CONTENTS — Railways, Railway Fares, Stage, Omnibus, and River Routes, Postal Guide, 
 
 Banks and Ac;encies, S.iilings of Ocean Steamships, Cab Tariffs, Hotel Guide, etc., etc. 
 
 All carefaUy compiled and coirt'ctcd monthly from official sources. Coiivei.ient pocket sire—G x 5 inches. 
 
 Baltcrsby's Dominion Railway Guide is the officially rcco^^niited Guide of the Dominion. 
 
 23 
 
 
 ..M i*i'jta(.;.i-i-...4**.*v.*!#**jtl)'- 'ir.^?W»»'yrB V . y.^v '«W'^ A -°<yr - ''a.ft^-'?Mf"-Ti3? -a^it^i^t 
 
■'»'1"H-..J(»'.»" 
 
 MANUAL AND FIELD-BOOK. 
 
 tion of such corner by erecting at the nearest 
 sviitable spot a "witness mound." [See Fig 7, l)ia- 
 fjram No. IV. J In this case the uiouiul is in the 
 form of a cone 2 ft. G in. hi^^h, its baae haying a 
 diameter of six feet. The post in the centre is 
 marked '*W. M." and also inscribed, in red cbMk. 
 with the bearing and distance to f»uch corner. 
 
 The poets iii all mounds show al least ten 
 inches above the apex of the same, whether the 
 latter have been built of earth or stontia, 
 
 On ordinary surveyed lines the posts and 
 mounds are so placed that their aiigles rest upon 
 the line on which they stand. [See Fig. 2, Diaf;;raia 
 No. v.] 
 
 Ou correction lines, however, the posts and 
 mounds are erected square with the line, which 
 passes through the centre of two sides of the mound. 
 [SeaFig. 1, Diagram No. V.j 
 
 iron posts, which are placed at every tmcnsJiip 
 corner, consist of either iron bars or tubes, driven 
 into the ground with a sledge, and inscrilx'd, by 
 means of a cold-chisel, with the necess^ary maiks. 
 The mounds in connection with such monunutits 
 form an exception to the general rule, in that they 
 are so placed that the iron post .stands at the north- 
 ern angle thereof. There is, however, with iron 
 posts the usual difference in respect t* monuments 
 on correction lines, the mounds in connection with 
 which are built with their basea facing the cardinal 
 points sf th« compass, the iron post being estab- 
 lished in the centre of the base of the mound front- 
 ing onto the road allowance. [See Figs, 1 and 2, 
 
 I Diagram No. V., the letters a and h shewing the 
 
 positions in which iron posts would be planted.] 
 I The letters', marks, and figures on posts and 
 
 1 tieef. are distinctly cut in with a knife or scribing 
 i ii-on ; those on iron post* and stone corners, \nth a 
 
 oold-chifiel. 
 1 Quarter-section corner j»osts are simply 
 
 i marked \yith the conventional sign "i" to indicate 
 I their character, and bear no insoiption shewing to 
 1 what township or range they belong. 
 1 Posts or stone monuments indicating all other 
 
 corners bear suft^icient marks to thoroughly indicate 
 the position they are intended to legally eslablish; 
 and must always be read ham the top of the post 
 downwards. 
 
 Ou township corners, the upper figure on 
 either side of the post indicates the number of the 
 township which that side (jf tbo post faces, and the 
 next figure indicates the range. [See Fig. 4, 
 Diagram No. V, for the comer between Townships 
 i) ami 6, Ranges III. and IV. ) 
 
 On all other si^ction corners, whether on 
 township lines or in the interior of a township, the 
 numbers of the sections only are to be found on 
 the corresponding faces of three sides of the p(j«t ; 
 but in addition to the ;<ection number, the number 
 of the township and that of the range appear on 
 the fourth face, which is invariably the south-west 
 one. [See Figs. 5, (j, and 7, Diagram No. V., lor the 
 northerlv corner between Sections 34 and 36, 
 Township 5, Range IV.; for the easterly corner 
 between Sections 24 and 25, Township 6, Range VI.; 
 98 
 
 ;■■ iMi'.'*j« *Bt-.WV «»:i»»' . 
 
i^:ii,i^^x^-jkii<tjabiAUis»iaaetHk^^,mt-- 
 
 ii'itiitmi'tai'^wst'M'-iB^sxrffiWiirfjiir^sjastWiSffi:-''^*-'" 
 
 ii 1 
 
 n 
 
 !i' 
 
 THB MILLBROOK MSSSEEGBR 
 
 Published every Wedueadfty by 
 
 ALFRED E. HAYTER 
 
 $1.00 a year, M'hen paid ia aflvanee. If not paid in 
 
 advanoe, $'2.00 a year. 
 
 Advertising Ratbh— Kight cents per line, -first in- 
 sertixon ; Two cents per line each 8ubrf( queiit iiianr- 
 tion. Liberal discount allowed on adverh'sements 
 inserted lor three, six, or twelve luonths. Advertise- 
 ments measured by a scale of solid Brevier 
 
 As an Advertising Medium the MESSENGER la 
 Unsurpassed. Orders by meil solicited. 
 
 The Picton Times 
 
 Is published every Thursday morning at 
 
 PICT02T, OITTABIO, 
 
 By J. J. BELL - - Editor and Trop. 
 
 Term.s — 11.00 a year in advance, $l.,iO if not paid 
 in advance. Postage ])rep.iid by publisher. 
 
 Advertising Rates — Transient advertisements, 10 
 ftents per line, tii'st insertion, and 3 cents per line 
 for each subsetinent insertion. Advertisements 
 measured by a «cale of solid Minion, 10 lines to the 
 inch. Liberal rates given to those who advert'se by 
 
 the year. 
 
 The TIME8 has tbe Urfctmi rirrulAtion in th« Comity and \h { 
 thorcfuro the bast ailrertisiiijr uietlium. 
 
 THB DISPATCH, 
 
 Published every Wednesday moruiog at 
 
 STRATHEOY, ONT., 
 
 Has a largar circulation than any other paper in 
 Middlesex outside the City of Loudon. 
 
 A. DINGMAN 
 
 Editor and Prop. 
 
 TERM.S OF Subscription— $1.00 per year in advance. 
 
 If not paid until the «nd of three months, $1.25; if 
 
 not paid until the end of one year, $1.50. 
 
 Torms of advertising: on applioaticn. 
 
 A.U advertisements from trans'ent persous or strang- 
 ers must be paid for in advance. 
 
 TUX] 
 
 ^uUy S»f $»ll#r 
 
 Published at 
 
 BBANTFOED, 01TTA21Z0, 
 
 Is the best advertising medium for that Town, the 
 County, and the Diatrict. 
 
 Torms for advertising: fbiwarded on 
 application to the publisiier. 
 
MANUAL AND FIELD-BOOK. 
 
 and for the corner between Sections 15, 16, 21, 
 and a2, Township 6, Ran^e VI.] 
 
 The popts planted along the correction lines 
 simply exhibit marks to shew the number of the 
 townships and sections the boundaries of which 
 they form respectively. Tonmship corners have 
 tke number of the section shewn on the west side 
 of the post, and the numbers of township rnd 
 range on its north side, in cases where the postd 
 stand in the northei-n limit of the road allowance, 
 the letter " R " for '* road " aloiiC being marked on 
 the other two sides. [See Fig. 11, Diagram No. V., 
 for the south-east corner of Township 3, Range X.J 
 A correspondingly opposite plan will be found to 
 have been adopted in marking the township corner 
 posts in the sfyuthern limit of the road allowance 
 on correction lines. [See Fig. 10, Diagram No. V., 
 for the north-east corner of Township (i. Range V.] 
 Section comer posts on correction lines have the 
 numbers of the .•'lections on their east and west slides, 
 the letter ** R " on the side facing the roadway, 
 and on the fourth side the number of the township 
 and range. [See Figs. 12 and 13, Diagram No. V., 
 for the southerly corner between Sections 3 and 4, 
 Township 7, Range VII., and for the northerly cor- 
 ner between Sections 32 and 33, Township 2, 
 Range VI.] 
 
 In ranges numbered from the First Principal 
 Meridian the letters " E " or ''W" are marked on 
 the post after the number of the range, to denote 
 that it is east or west of that meridian. [See Figs. 
 8 and 9, Diagram No. V., for the township corner 
 
 between Townships 5 and 6, Ranges III. and IV. 
 east of the First Principal Meridian, and for the 
 corner between Sections 10, 11, 14, and 15, Towb- 
 ship G, Range IV. west of the First Principal 
 Meridian.] - ' ' , ; 
 
 THK OLD SYSTEM OF SURVEY. 
 
 The system of survey in use previous to the 
 season of 1881 is illustrated by Diagram No. III. 
 It will be observed that each township surveyed on 
 this plan has three roads running east-and-west 
 beyond the number contained in a township sur- 
 veyed according to the modern system [See 
 Diagram No. II.] The number of surveyed nnes 
 in such a township is accordingly three more than 
 the number run in a township surveyed on the new 
 system, which fact has a particular interest for the 
 Land Prospector, inasmuch as there is a difly^rence 
 in the number of mounds to guide him in identi- 
 fying the position of any particular quarter -section 
 he may be in search of. 
 
 A further difference in the two systems, having 
 less special interest for the land hunter, is that, 
 whereas in the new system the deficiency or sur- 
 plus arising from the convergence or divergence 
 of meridians is distribv.ted among all the sections 
 of a township, under the old system such defi- 
 ciency or surplus was left in the tier of quarter- 
 sections adjoining the western boundary of the 
 township, all of the remaining quarter-aections 
 having the four sides of equal dimeusions,viz : forty 
 
 a& 
 
-t-C'-.^'i' -'■'••^'■^•'- 
 
 M 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 M ' 
 
 hi] , '< 
 
 'C i' 
 
 * j 
 
 ! ' 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 MANITOBA. 
 
 FOR 
 
 SALE! 
 
 $Ot<O<O0 ACM&0 
 
 OF 
 
 . :.-j. 
 
 SELECT FARMING LANDS 
 
 IN ALL PARTS OF MANITOBA. 
 
 TOWN LOTS IN WINNIPEG, PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE, BRANDON, 
 
 And all tlir \arion8 Town Sites tliroughout the Province. 
 
 ta? A^ 
 
 TTfB. 
 
 O- 
 
 H i^^ Pevsoiis intending to invest in Manitoba will lind it to their advantage to corii- 
 
 i) municate with me. 
 
 A. W. ROSS, WinnipegT) Man. 
 
 28 
 
 ,-'':.^^S<k^'it;,i^'.'-^k',lJ>:'A'^.'..'7i 
 
■f*.- ■ ikum^-f^ ''i «,nM'-wm'.4 I 
 
 u>MMiiiubMhMibi 
 
 MANUAL AND FIELD-BOOK. 
 
 chains. To accomplish this result the meridians 
 dividing the sections and quarter-sections were laid 
 out parallel with that forming the eastern hound' 
 ary of tlie* township, the unsuiveyed meridian 
 forming the eastern limit of the road allowance 
 dividing the township in question from the next 
 one west heing assumed to be parallel to the sur- 
 veye<l line forming the western limit, and thus 
 being a solitary exception. 
 
 Lastly, the road allowances under the old 
 system were 1 chain 50 links wide, instead of one 
 chain only, as fixed under the system according to 
 which lands are now surveyed in the North- 
 West. * 
 
 LIMITS OF THE DIFFERENT SYSXKMS. 
 
 The operation of the system of survey in lusc 
 previous to the season of 1881 is restricted to the 
 area bounded as follows, viz : — To the south, by 
 
 "* It IB estimated that the reduction of flie widt.li r.f tho road 
 allowances iiiauioiratcd under i,h»- niorlcv;i systi m "f riirvey. 
 Iiijfether wRIi the diinlimtioii of the number of roinK ruiminfr 
 eaHt-andwfSt hy three \n eaeh tovMishlp. will rHstilt in n prncti- 
 r.il saving of 3,ri(K>,000 aeres of lands to th<» public, bo^iiies the 
 I'ost to mnnidpalities "f keeping in ^rder so ■■nu'^b unnecessary 
 niafhxay, andtolheOoAernnientdf surveying tbrfeclines, amount 
 ing to eighteen miles, in every townshjp. M is also calcidated 
 to dlscowrage the groxHh of weeds, often arising from tlie high- 
 ways beint? of excessive width. A further advantage is involved 
 in the decreased amount of fencing required by each settler. 
 The legislation to eflfeot such an important economic innovation 
 was carried through Parliament by the Minister of the Interior 
 during the Sestdon uf 18S1. 
 
 the International Boundary Line ; to the west, by 
 theSf'Oond Principal Meridian, so far as the Eighth 
 Correction Line ; by said correction liae, so far as 
 the meridian between Ranges XXVIIL and XXIX. 
 west of the First Principal Meridian; by said meri- 
 dian between Ranges XXVIIL and XXIX, so far 
 as the Seventh Conection Line ; by said correction 
 line, so far aa the meridian between Ranges IV. and 
 V. west of the First Principal Meridian ; by said 
 meridian between Ranges IV. and V., so far as the 
 Sixth Correction Line ; by said correction line, so 
 far as the meridian between Ranges X. and XI. east 
 of the First Principal Meridian ; by said meridian 
 between Ranges X. and XI.,so far as the Third Cor- 
 rection Line ; by said correction line, so far as the 
 meridian between Ranges XXX. and XXXI. east of 
 the First Principal Meridian ; and by said meridian 
 between Ranges XXX. and XXXI., so far as the 
 International Boundary Line. 
 
 The old system was also followed in the survey 
 of the following lands west of the Second Principal 
 Meridian, viz : Township 44, Range XXI.; Town- 
 shin 40, lunges XXL, XXII., XXVI ,XXVII., and 
 .KXVllL: Townships 46 and 47, Ranges XXV., 
 XXVI., XX VIT., and XX VII J. ; and Township 48, 
 in Ranges XXIV. and XXV. 
 
 West of the Third Principal Meriilian, the rtaniu 
 system has been adopted for Townships 42 to 47 
 inclusive, Range I, and for Townsliips 43 and 44, 
 Ranges II and III. 
 
 In some of the townships west of the 
 Second Principal Meridian there are also road 
 
 V 
 
I'M' 
 
 -^w 
 
 "m'W'm 
 
 l: 
 
 !| 
 
 i' ' 
 
 1 
 
 ARCHIBALD YOUNG, 
 
 Manitoba Land Agent, 
 
 13 WELLINGTON STREET EAST, TORONTO, ONTARIO. 
 Lands Bought and Sold on Commission/ 
 
 iF o K. s ^ II. EJ ! 
 
 W0,000 ACRES OF IMriWVED FARAfS, Wir D LANDS, AND RIVER LOTS,' 
 
 Oit3r and. Tott^tzzl ^ropexties- 
 
 LAND CLAIMS AND SCRIP BOUGHT AND SOLD. 
 
 '*..__...-»-»•,.*' . 
 
 
 J. Al 
 
 To liirestors. — I have full and reliabl'3 information about all par'.s of the country, and am pre- 
 pared I) m*ke safe acd profitable inv< rftments for any who may deeiie it. 
 
 To Real Estate* On ucrs.— Holders of Real Estate who wish to realizs should place their propertiea 
 in my handfl for «ale. Sond ine descriptious of yonr properties, lowest priceB, terms of sale, etc. 
 
 JgST Charges Moderate Enquiries solicited and promptly annwered. Eneloae poetage statnv for 
 reply. Map of Manitoba, showing Post OflScee, etc., will be forwarded oa receipt of 30 centc. 
 
 ARCHIBALD YOUNO, _^ ^ 
 
 Manitoba Land Agent, , 1 
 
 13 WELLING! ON STREET EAST, TORONTO, ONTARIO. 
 
MANf'AL AND FIELD-BOOK. 
 
 aUowaiices of 1 chain 50 liuku uu evei v towuabip 
 ands«cticn liuw, though the deficitiuey or Burplua 
 resultmg from the ^uuver^euce or divHrgence of 
 mtridlAUii \* dustributad &» iiudei- the preaeut 
 sjstwn. In thets townships all aeetion lineis are 
 »uxv*y«d and poated as uuder the old system pro 
 pel'. This mixed svsteui of survey ia restricted 
 to the following lauas, all being west ul the Second 
 Principal Meridian : — Township^ 1 and 2, Ranges 
 I. to \ III., inclugive ; Townships 19 to 30, Rantjes 
 I. to XII., inclusire ; and Towiwhips 27 to 30, 
 Ranjje* XIII. to XVI., inclusive. 
 
 Whenever a "gore" occurs between two 
 adjoining townships or ranges surveyed according 
 to different systems, and when the number of the 
 fractional township or range is the same as the 
 adjoining one sarveyea previously, such 
 
 towu'ihip or range is design (ited by its 
 number foUovv -d by the letter "A", as fur instance 
 *'To>^nship 19, A" for the gore between townships 
 18 and 19 went of the Second Principal Meiidiau, 
 and "Range XXI, A" for the gore between ranged 
 XK and XXI west of the Second Principal 
 Meridian. 
 
 N. B, — Tlie line between two parts of the 
 country surveyed ace irding to dift'ereiit systen:- is 
 always marked on the ground in the same manner 
 as a correction line ; that is to say, uuiunds and 
 posts are placed on both sides of the lurul allowance 
 on such line, each row governing tli position of 
 the section and quarter-section cornei-s on its own 
 side. The road allowance in duch cases is always 
 1 chain 50 links. 
 
 %. 
 
 
 ' l'i* '-,*'f *,'.■*/-;> ■?^(>"-/r>?wv.-'-^' "'"P*'; 
 
n 
 
 i ■■ 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Hi 
 
 I ■■ 
 
 M 
 
 i t 
 ( I 
 
 , I 
 
 H. S. CROTTY & CO., 
 
 REAL ESTATE, 
 
 Comfflission, and Insarance Ageats. 
 
 Lands I riffht and Sold oil Co)nininsi.<rn. 
 
 Office: No. H53 MahTst., WINNII'KO, 
 Oi>;»o«lto City Hall. 
 
 il ». CHOTTY. H. roLJiOX. 
 
 J. SIMMONS ik CO., 
 
 Wholesale and EiDorl stationers, 
 
 . 08 UptHii' Thames St., E.C., 
 
 L o isr ID o isr, eisto. 
 
 SASKATCHEWAN HERALD 
 
 IS rUHMSKEU AT BArTLKFOKI). 
 
 TliR Ciinltfil of fli»i 'North Wij'tt Tpn-itovlo*. on 
 «ury ultunut* Moiiilay. by 
 
 DP . C3- . IL. -A- XJ I* 1 13 , 
 
 f'Uiitfi- »ti llu- tltniTiiiiiKiit iif fliti Niirrli V»i-ii 
 TiiriUiill««. St.K.^UUll'TUiN I'lllc'K. *'.'.>)(l M ,M.-ai 
 
 W. A. SHEPARD i CO.. 
 
 mi 
 
 
 
 k 
 
 OFFKJKS ANT) MAP-ROOM.S : 
 2;« Main Street, - - WI.\NI1'K<J. 
 
 Vitalheit and Enricheft the. Blood. 
 Tonen up the Si/fitem, ^[(iken tlic. ]yf'nk 
 Strong, JiuiUU op the Broken-down, 
 Inri'jorates tin: Brain, and 
 
 Dyfipt-'-p'iin.. Keri'oHH Affcd'ums, (Icn- 
 eral Debility, Neuralyia, Fever and 
 Aput', Paro,lysis, Chronic Diarrhisa, 
 Boih, Drojhii), Iluniours, Female 
 Complaintu, Liver t'onipUviut, Be- 
 Tiiitiu/it Fiver, and all diieosen oriyi- 
 natinu in a lad fttate of the blood, or 
 arc0mi>{Htied bij debHiti/ or a lou'iikdt 
 of the ttj/stem, ; ' '' 
 
 ^^r% 
 
 ®VRUt 
 
 SETn W. FOVV1.K & •ONS, Proprleton, 
 
 titt Jlarrlnoii Avenue, IloHton. 
 
 t»«ld hr all l»rus8lBt«* 
 
 E. T. W. SOWTER. 
 
 — Ac, — 
 
 Alfred H. Allen, F.C.S., 
 
 ANAL\ nCAI. AND T'ONSULTINO 
 CIJKMIST ANU ASSAVFUl. 
 
 af«r Fee for an ordinary Anah/-^i.<t 
 or Ahsu/i, £1. Is. Od. 
 
 I.AUORATOKrKS; I Sl-nHKV ST.. 
 HhcUeM, .... KnslaBd, 
 
 PEEUyiAN SYRUP 
 
 Siipi)lies the blood with its vital 
 nriniiple, or life element, iron, 
 'infusing Strength, Vigour, and 
 New Life into all parts of the 
 system. Being Free from 
 Alcohol, its energizing effects 
 arc not followed by correspond- 
 ing reaction; but are permanent, 
 
 j.A..ar^. iWf£ji-i-i.....ij,iJ.-» -h.i^»fWS.-¥.>L«UArii*..;ai_iJ.;fj4!^^iJi«;'"U!iij» 
 
 '>u:i3 t.^:5^\-ivij.v)'3^i ys^i^.y-'^''^i*''?*V'^^^^ 
 
IP^I^T III. 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE DOMINION LANDS LAW, Etc. 
 
 Homesteads, Pre-emptions, axd Wood-Lots. —Purchase and Lease of Laxds,- -Forest-Tree 
 Culture Claims Abolished. — Impoutanoe of a Leoal Entry, — The Position of Squat- 
 ters. — Cancellation and Forfeiture. — Various Reserves. — Useful Hints to Land 
 Prospectors. 
 
 Canadian public lands in Manitoba and the 
 North-West Territories may be acquired either by 
 hoinesteoding (as a free crant) or by purchase on 
 tlie terms set forth in the Regulations issued by 
 the Department of the Interior [See official adv^r- 
 tinement, Front Page. J The inforn;dtion contained 
 in this and subsenuent pages has been summarized 
 from the Consolidated Dominion Lands Act, 1879, 
 and the amendments thereto of 1880 and 1881 ; 
 from the Regulations for disposing of the public 
 lands now in force ; and from various other 
 authorities. 
 
 homesteads, pre-emptions, and wood-lots. 
 
 A "homestead," which is limited in extent 
 to a farm of 160 acres, is a free gift from the Gov- 
 ernment on condition of three years' actual 
 residence and cultivation; but a pre-emption 
 entry, giving the right of ])rioritv of purchase 
 at a future period, for an additional tract of 160 
 acres, is also allowed to each homestead settler, 
 who may occupy and cultivate the whole 320 
 
 acres for three years without any pavment 
 whatever, suliject, however, to the fulhlment 
 of the obligations attaching to the homestead 
 grant."* Only the evtn-tiumlmrd sectimis of a 
 township can be taken up as homesteads and 
 pre-emptions. The price to be ultimately paid for 
 pre-emptions, with the terms of ])ayment, may be 
 found in the latest olticial Regulations. 
 
 Settlers in townships where wood is scarce, or 
 altogether wanting, are allowed to purchase "wood 
 lots" not exceeding 20 acres in size, out cf timbered 
 land, in some adjacent locality, reserved for the 
 purpose. The price of wood-lots is ^5.00 per 
 acre. 
 
 Settlers are strictly forbidden to dispose of 
 
 * A settlor must coinmence rcsidonco within six months 
 after entry, ami may not absent hiinsoU from his homestead for 
 a lonsfer period than six months without special leave from the 
 Minister of the Interior, to obtain wiiich the apiilicati-m should 
 net forth in plain terms the grounds npon which the iiiduljfence 
 is asked. The atfldavlt of the applicant would lend weight to his 
 representation of the circumstanced. 
 
 f I 
 
 n 
 
■'''i--*'i,\^et*^f't-^ '* ■*>: ».!.*,■'»■ it* .■ - :i{V^,r 
 
 ■f, )■ ' V**'- -i^''' •''.< 'K 
 
 
 ili4 #ttHitH Mml^ €^itmvi. 
 
 THE MOST LARGELY CIRCULATED 
 
 AND 
 
 POPULAR JO U RNAL 
 
 It reaches all the Lurahermen, Manufacturers, and 
 
 Business Houses generally. 
 
 
 ion, %M per aiiiiyi!i._ Jcoii-H'cdlj, Ii2a per aiiiii. 
 
 ADVERTISING RATES MOST REASONABLE. 
 
 PDRESS: CITIZEtt PRINTING AND PUBLISHlltG CO. 
 
 Metcalf Street, Ottawa, Ontario. 
 
 Hi 
 
 
 ■f- » -'s -:<-*»"• ■r^v^f-ri^f^.r^-f? it-« ' , ■ ».,. , 
 
 ■\Tr''!i'r-i:%.-\ 
 
MANUAL AND FlELD-BOOlt. 
 
 wood from off their homesteads, pre-emptions, or 
 wood-lots (previous to issue of patent) to saw-mill 
 proprietors or any person other than an actual 
 settler for his own use. Breach of this condition 
 entails forfeiture of enines for all three, with other 
 penalties. 
 
 While he faithfully performs the homestead con- 
 ditions, a set tier enjoys the full rights of proprietor- 
 ship, even previous to receiving patent. Non'« 
 fulfilment of conditions, however, renders the 
 entries for homestead, pre-emption, and wood-lot 
 subject to cancellation, the right to huld the two 
 latter claims being entirely contingent on actual 
 performance of homestead obligations. On can- 
 cellation, all improvements become forfeited to 
 the Crown, and the ex-holder is prohibited from 
 making a second homestead entry. 
 
 The title of all lands remains with the Crowi 
 till after the patent is issued. Unpatented lands 
 are conseauently not liable to seizure for debt, nor 
 do they aifrord any security for obtaining credit or 
 loans. In case a settler dies, the law allows his 
 executors to fulfil .he deceased's homestead obliga- 
 tion, that the estate may be secured to lii^ heirs. 
 
 Any man over eighteen years of age, or any 
 woman who is the sole head of a family, may take 
 up a homestead. If the citi/en of a foreign country, 
 such settler is lequired to become a British ^iubject. 
 by naUirali/>jition, previous to issue of patent, 
 which can be done under the law on completion of 
 his or her three years' residence tk the homestead, 
 [^ee App«iudix. page 57.] 
 
 PURCHASE AND LEASE OF LANDS. 
 
 Lands may be purchased direct from the 
 Government under tlie Regulations for the time 
 being [See ollicial adverti-ement, Front Pagej but 
 onlyia the 0( hi -hh inhered sertknis of a township. 
 
 All such purchases must be made at the office 
 of the Local Agent, and in lawful monev of Canada. 
 Land offices being usually established in positioMs 
 in advance of banking facilities, cheques cannot be 
 accept ;d by the Agent without personal risk and 
 incouA enience . Money order offices not ordinarily 
 existing in such localities,! inittancesby post should 
 be sent in registered letters. 
 
 Grazing, mineral, and timl)ered lands may be 
 leased from the Department of the Interior in accor- 
 dance with the terms set forth in departiuental 
 regulations. 
 
 FOREST-TREE CULTURE CLAIMS ABOLISHED. 
 
 The Forest-Tree Culture clauses of the 
 Dominion Lands Aet, under which it was competent 
 to acquire a free grant of f(i(i acres without 
 residence on the land, by ]tlauting one-sixteenth 
 of such claim to trees, became inoperative when 
 the Government, with the sanction of Parliament, 
 appropriated tlu^ whole of the unalienated Domin- 
 ion lands, with the exception of the proportion 
 reserved for homesteads, to the suigle purpose of 
 
 :« 
 
 ;f I 
 

 FUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY AND FRiOAY - - - BY COLLIXS k CAMERON, P(IRTA«E LA PRAlRliJ. 
 
 A 32-COLUMN NEWSPAPER, 
 
 rUBLTSHED TWICE A WEEK; 
 
 PRICE, 
 
 $2.00 PER ANNUM, PAID IN ADVANCE. 
 
 The Largest, Cheapest, and Best 
 
 PUBLISHED IN THE 
 
 Province of Manitoba, or 
 
 
 - T. ' ^ry Tffy 
 
MANUAL AND FTELV-BOOK, 
 
 producing a fund nut of which to assist the )ould- 
 mg of railways in the North-West. 
 
 IMPORTANCE OF A IJXJ.VL KMRY. 
 
 All who seek lo acquire Douiiuion iaiuh iu 
 the North-West, whether hy homesteadiiig or 
 purchase, should secure an entry * for the same, 
 with the least possible delay, at the office of the 
 liocal Agent in whose district such lands may be, 
 because the law provides that "every entry-receipt 
 or certificate issued by an Agent of Dominion 
 Lands shalL unless such entry shall have been 
 Bubsequently cancelled," entitle the person to 
 whom the same ha9 been granted to "maintain 
 suits at law or in equity against any wrong-doer or 
 trespasser on the lands so entered, as effectually as 
 he could do under a patent of such lands from the 
 Crown." 
 
 THE POSITION OF SQUATTEUS. 
 
 No entry can, of course, be made for lands 
 still unsurveyed, or, even if surveyed, not yet in the 
 hands of the Local Agent for disposal. A settler, 
 therefore, who makes improvements under such 
 circumstances does so entirely at bis own risk, and 
 must rely upon actual continuous residence 
 and practical cultivation as the grounds upon which 
 to establish an equitable right to hold hi.s claim. 
 
 * An office fee of #10 is charged for each eHtry-oertlflouto. 
 The entry must be p«;rsniuvlly aiJi)lie(l for, exct-pt in the case cf 
 intenilini; cmijjraiits from Kurof)c, who niuy enter l)y an i\\iv\\i 
 duly authorized by theiu under tlje sanction of the Minister of 
 the Interior. 
 
 -No time should he wasted by such a settler, how 
 ever, in a8?erting his ])03ition at the earliest moment 
 wlniu such can eftectually be done. The Act 
 states that, "in case of a claiiu from actual settle- 
 ment in then unsurveyed lands, the claimant must 
 tile such api)lication within fierce months after due 
 notice has been received at the Local Olhce of such 
 lands having been surveyed and the survey thereof 
 confirmed," accompanied by legal proofs* of settle- 
 ment and imjirovement, "whereupon such 
 claimant shall be allowed to enter, to the extent of 
 100 acres, as a homestead, the land*, as the same 
 may have been surveyed and laid out, upun which 
 hr, may he resident, in such manner as to cover his 
 most valuable improvements," 
 
 The Government, it would be well for squat- 
 ters to remeinber, is not legally bound to protect 
 any ])erson "found to have settkl on land wbicU 
 may have been set apart as railwi'y laud, or for 
 any other purpose, by the Goven.or-in-Council, 
 or which, l\y law or i)y allotment duly made, may 
 be claimed by the Hudson's Bay Company." 
 
 A settler who has taken up laiid in advance of 
 the surveys f should keep a bright look-out for 
 the arrival, sooner or later, of the surveyors in his 
 
 • The nllldiivit of tiie (claimant, suitported by tliose of two 
 disinterested and credible jiersons aei|uaii)ted with the tacts. 
 
 t Such settler would act wisely in driviu),' in pickets to 
 njark the bouniJftrie.H i.f tbe land he desires to hold as a home- 
 stead. These boundnries .should be Inid off east-and-west and 
 north-and-soutb, as near as may be, a distance of forty chains 
 (half-a-mile) on each side. Ui)on every picket tbe claimant 
 should cut in his name in readiil)lc characters, 
 
 b& 
 
 f I, 
 
' """"K'-)'- I'^^mipippmvpiip 
 
 ill 
 
 I 
 
 !'M???L'"KCirLAT10N 
 
 ^he Ottawa »aiVy^„tf 
 
 Weekly 
 
 r wr ,,, --?-^^i!!i*' Ottawa, Ontario 
 
 4l^m-.^Av;?^-- ^./*>.^ ...^ ;i. 
 
 ^sii^^^JtS-^^ . 
 
MANUAL ANV F I E LD-BOOK. 
 
 locality. In addition to furnishing all necessary 
 verl>al^ information as to his improvements, he 
 »hould also be particular to make hil ue the 
 pominion Land ^^uvveyoi at tl\e liead of tne party 
 a declaration , after the following form, to be for- 
 warded to Ottawa with the othei oflicial returns of 
 the survey : 
 
 Statutory Declaration of Occupation, 
 
 I, forniorl\ of in the 
 
 soleniuiy declare :— 
 
 That 1 first entered into occupation of and began con- 
 tinuous residence u|ion the quarter of Section 
 
 in Towjiship No. Range 
 
 on the da.v of 18 
 
 That I have also cultivated the said quarter-section to the 
 exter.t each season, since that date, of 
 
 That 1 am not aware of any other claimant to the said 
 quarter section . 
 Deelarjtl before me this ") 
 
 dav of > ... 
 
 188 ) 
 
 D. L. S. 
 
 In the event of a dispute between two or 
 more squatters as to the right to hold lands taken 
 up in advance of the surveys, the law declares 
 that the homestead right shall belong to him who 
 made the first settlement on the laud in question. 
 In cases, however, where it is shewn that the con- 
 tenOing parties have each made valuable improve- 
 ments on the disputed claim, the Minister of the 
 Interior has power, on the survey of the townsrhip 
 in which the lands are situate taking place, to 
 order a division of the same, to pieserve to the 
 rival claimai\ts, so far as practicable, their own 
 several impr ovements j and he has authority 
 
 further to direct that whatever the land thus appor- 
 ti iiit'd to each such claimant may be deficient of 
 the cunventional area of a homestead (160 acres) 
 may be made tip to him out of unoccupied 
 quarter-sections adjoining . 
 
 No claim for a homestead entry upon odd- 
 numbered sections, or upon Hudson's Bay 
 Company, School, or Indian lands has the least 
 chance of being admitted, if the claimant be unable 
 to siiow that he commenced occupation and 
 improvement lyrevious to survey. The importance 
 of making the statutory declaration before the 
 surveyor, as already mentioned, is therefore suffi- 
 ciently obvious. 
 
 CANCELLATION AND FORFEITLRK. 
 
 The following extracts from the Act shew the 
 law in regard to the cancellation of homesteads for 
 non-fulfilment of conditions : 
 
 " In ciwe it is proved to the satisfaction of the Minister of the 
 Interior that the settler lias Nohiiitarl v relinquished his claim, or 
 has been absent from th'- land entered l,y hiui fnrinore than six 
 months in any one year without leave of absenct, fi'im the Minister 
 of tlie Interior, t en the right tt> such lanrf shall be liable t<j for- 
 feiture, atid nra} l>e c Mnelied by the said Minister; and the settler 
 3) relinquishing or abandoning bis claim shall not, excej»t in 
 special cases, in the discretion of the Minister, be (wrmitted to 
 make a second entry. 
 
 "ThcMinUt r of the Interior may at any time order an in- 
 spection of a!;y homestead or homcsteuds in reference to wliicb 
 tnere may bo mwon to bcHove the foregoini^ provision*, as re- 
 girda settlenvntand cultivation, have not been or are not lieint 
 carried out, and may, on kepoi t of tho facts, cancel the entry of 
 such homestead or houtesteads. 
 
 " And in the case of a canoelUd home»tea<1, with or without 
 impr )v<imeatii Vhervun, the same shall not be c<.)nijideret! as <<t 
 
 87 
 
 ^ 
 
l.«U.|.%HI*(t(>-IUHI«iMMl:'!i«*-l*.*i4l!Mll.W.Wl,i,li.,l.)W«IU,i, I.Ui .-.ill i.-iiHii-J tiiii."! A*"- •mi-u" 
 
 ; I 
 
 i 
 
 -o IP JR O oyr " 
 
 Running in eonucction ivith Uie Oraud Trunk and Great We.^torn Railways of Tanadi^ 
 
 THE CANADA SHIiriXG COMPANY'S LINE is composed of the following flrst-cltiss, fuU-poweretl Clyde built fioi 
 
 Steamcliii/-;— ' 
 
 SUyi.iirrs. Commatidefs. Ton:^ Sframcrs. Commandem. Tons 
 
 Lake Huron W. hhrnsoN 4.I00 L:<k«> niniiiprK W. STKWART 3,3ot> 
 
 L«kc Maiilloliii J{. SCOTT 3,S00 laikc .^cptguu '. H. CAMPBELL ..2,300 
 
 LhikC t'liniiiiilnin P. A. J.\CKISON 2,300 Lake -, 
 
 Rates of Passufce frnm Moiitrt a? to Livenioul, *50. Ritiiin Tickets, S90. St<'orn',^e at lowest onrreiit rates For freicht or 
 other particulars, apply in Livorpo-.l f.. H. J. SelKlrj, Canada .siiijipinK Co., 21 Water Street : in Glagpow, toP. BintOttl, Son,'* Cc • 
 in London, to B.MontiOffier:fl & Cc. Mark Lwa- ; in Canada, at all the olBcesof the Grand Trunk Railwuy ; or to 
 
 Through Uiils (.t Lading; are isbtied (o and l^liA^wwMAm lUfviw««A«* Ob Ma 
 
 from all parts of Ca..;Hla and Vvci^tcrri 8'atf-. * JlOmpSOa, JftUiray , « CO. , 
 
 I CUSTOM HOUSE SQUARE. MONTREAL. 
 
 i. 
 
MA N IT A I AND FIELD -BOO K. 
 
 ri.rlit open for fresh entrj', hut iniy he held for sile o( the land 
 and of the iniprovunioiits, or of Hie improvi-ineiitd thurnjii, in 
 eounectiou with a froHh hoirestead entry tlicriof, at tlio discretion 
 of the Minister of the Interior." 
 
 Forms of application for the cancellation of 
 entries respecting wliich the homestead comlitions 
 have not been fulfilled may be obtained of any 
 Local Agent. Legal proofs {i.e. the alfidavit of the 
 applicant, supported by those of two credible M'it- 
 nesses) must accompany the application. On the 
 requisite documents being filed with him, the Lo("*.I 
 Agent gives the party concerned notice to ajipear, 
 ])er8onally or by representative, at the Land 
 Oliice N»ithin thirty days, to disprove the allegations 
 in the atlldavits, or otherwise show cause why his 
 entry should not be cancelled. At the end oi" that 
 period the matter is referred to Ottawa for the 
 decision of the Alinister. 
 
 The law contains necessary ]irovision3 for the 
 annulling of entries or patents issued erroneou'^ly, 
 illegally, or through the ]jerpetration of fraud. 
 
 THE VARIOUS RESERVES. 
 
 Hddson^s Bay Lands : — According to Article 5 
 of the terms and conditions in the deed of surren- 
 der from the Hudson's T3ay Company, to the C-'ana- 
 dian Government, of it- claims upon the lands 
 of the North-West, the Company is allowed one- 
 twentieth of all the lands surveyed into township- 
 ■within v.'hat is designated ir that docui lent as 
 the " Fertile Brk," This app«jrtioiinient ■ ^ been 
 fulfilled by setting apart two entire sectio.is in every 
 fifth townshij), and one section and three-fourths 
 uf a 9«ctioii in all other Wwutihi^ witka the t«ri : 
 
 ! tory referred to. Thu~, in eveiy township 
 I numbered o, \0, ]b, 20, 25, and so on, in regular 
 ! succession northerly from the International 
 Boundary, the whole of Sectiuus H and 26 are so 
 ! aopropriited ; but, in all town-hips not so 
 luiinbered, the lands set apart for the Company are 
 tlu^ whole of Section 8 and the south half and the 
 north- west ou.irter of Secl'on 2(5. Tlu'se lands may 
 be purchased fi-om tin? Company on easy terms. 
 
 tSchool Lands : — The (iovcrnment, under the 
 authority of Parliament, has appropriated Sections 
 11 ami 29 in everv towu-bip as an endowment in 
 aid of public educatitjii. The-se '* School Lands." 
 as they are commonly criUed, are at present held 
 l>y the Mini.-.ter of the Interior, in trust, for the 
 pur[)oses of their apiiropiiation. It is likely that 
 some of them will very shorllv l)e disposed of, l)y 
 public auction, at an upset price. 
 
 The Sdtlaih'nt Belts:— {^evttim lands lying within 
 two miles of the Ri-d and Assinihjine rivers, 
 in the Provinci of Manitoba, are ciiumonly 
 known as lots within the Settlejnent Belts.* 
 Being occupied by the original colonists of 
 the Red River Sttllement, they were reserved from 
 general entry when the govt-rnment was taken 
 over by Canada from ihe Hudson's Bay Company. 
 Subsequently, thejiarlies in pos>e&sion of these river 
 farms, varying in width from three to twenty 
 chains, were given the outer two miles, making 
 
 ' OtluT " settlement" i-liiiirn - situate at St. l.aurniit and 
 (>»,k P< ini(un Ijalto Manitoha) Westtiourne, Loretto, und Foliite 
 (!«• ChCitK, iu Manitoba ; and on the Saskatchewan, at mnon 
 Albert, K W T.— come iuiD the siame catejjury, 
 
"^I'l 
 
 mil 
 
 
 S^MMK^,! 
 
 
 SAM:.. ajONWOKBRt, jta,,^,^ ° 
 
 I 1 
 
■M-*t»;i'.';,-. u<>'.'u.i«i»s> .. .r, :.!.,., 
 
 iji .<-•»■ '« i^t 
 
 3/^iVf/ylL AND FIELD-BOOK. 
 
 their claims four miles deep, in reco'^'nidon of what 
 was called the "hay piivlle^e," In some cases, 
 however, the claim for land was cominated by the 
 isdue of scrip. The lands granted having, in all 
 cases except those whore the title wa-i a subject of 
 dispute, been patented, they may now ha purchased 
 either from the original grantees or parties tu whom 
 these may have assigned their rights. 
 
 Half-breedj Lands : — In fulfilnu'ut of the terms 
 upon which Manitoba l)ecame a Pruvincii of the 
 Dominion, 1,400,000 acres of land in Manitoba 
 were reserved for the children of the half-breed 
 heads of families, in extinguishment of any title 
 they might set up by virtue of their partial Indian 
 descent. This reserve has now been distributed 
 in allotments of 240 acres to each claimant in the 
 varioui- parishes. Such claims may be purchaswl 
 of the original grantees or of any person to whom 
 they have assigned their rights. 
 
 Utimidian Pacific [iailway Lands : — 'Plh! Ua|in- 
 diaii IVitlc Hailway Com|>any has been graiilid 
 nds contained viUh'm the (ii|il-llUlulfut«(| 
 
 all the Ian 
 
 sections of townships lying uilliln twenty joiir 
 milen on either f^ide of ifie linu. ilicsc lanil' may 
 be purchased on liberal terms fnuu the Oonipatijf. 
 
 ; Miscellaneous: — Under pailiaiuentnry authority, 
 various rcBorves have been made fi»r the use of the 
 Indians and of the Mounted Police, and for the occu 
 patioD in communities of special classes of immi- 
 grants, such as the Mennouitesand Icelanders. The 
 Government has power to set a2)art any lajids re- 
 
 quired to aid the construction of railways ; and 
 also such lands as may be needed for town sites, 
 water powers, grazing, mining, lumbering, or other 
 special purposes. 
 
 USEFUL HINT.S T'J PROSPECTORS. 
 
 Strangers going to the Nurth-West should be 
 
 extreraely cautious in purchasing the abandonment 
 
 of any one's homestead claim, as all assignments 
 
 I and transfers of the homestead right (until recom- 
 
 I mended for patent) are absolutely invalid, though, 
 
 I fo far as the party as-signing is concerned, such as- 
 
 ; signment may be deemed by the Dominion Lands 
 
 ! authoritio.i as evidence of voluntary altandonment. 
 
 I Any person, however, whose homestead has 
 
 been rocomunindod by the Local Agent for letters 
 
 j patent (proofs ot fulfilment of conditions having, 
 
 : of coui-e, Won fiied with him) may legally convey, 
 
 assign, and transfer his right and title therein. 
 
 There is a book kept in the De[)artment of the 
 
 Interior for the registration, at the option of the 
 
 ijii 
 
 jjijlllm iliter«ste«l, on payment of a fee of ^2.00, 
 t a>l| such assignment of legally assignal^le rights 
 Ijroof of which must accompany the application 
 
 of a|l| such assignment of legally assignal^le rights 
 
 (proof of whicl 
 
 ih tegister;) and the law holds every assignment so 
 
 registered as valid ftgalnst any other assignment 
 unregistered or Hubse(|ueiitly registered, even if 
 previously made. Every assignment must, for 
 the purjjose of registration, be entirely uncon- 
 ditional. 
 
 Bounty land warrants, whether issued to men 
 
 u 
 
HT* ■ 7 / 
 
 ^ •^'•^^v^.nfftwv^^f^r^fTf^V^'^ 
 
 Hi 
 
 I If 
 
 
 ' i - 
 
 I I; I 
 
 1 1 
 
 J 
 1 
 
 if 
 
 Dominion Barb Wire Pence OomnV 
 
 
 WWSM 
 
 A. HARRIS, SOW L CO -^""^ ■■- ""' ^™^^ '» 
 
 WINNIPEG, ' ' 
 
 !£ 
 
 m 
 
 i/;,v ■' 
 
 WK 1 '*'MNIPEQ, 
 
 Whotealo Agents for JI„uit„i,„„jj^ ....uiw t 
 
 ■^- '°' M0KTRE4L. 
 
 '*'k Is on ouoi. 
 
 «■ »»-^.e. p„..„;.,:,^ ,^^ o M0NTRE4 
 
 oijiaoj, 
 
 .''^.. Y^i^i-tftfUlff*!**.* 
 
 '. 'f,. .(<).».■,,,■..;,- ^.^, 
 
MANUAL AND FTELD-FOOK. 
 
 •who have served in the North-W(\»t Mounted 
 Police or the militia force formerly perfdrming 
 duty in Manitoba, are accpptefl in ]»ayment of nil 
 lands for the amount the) rfpre.-t nt, viz : 160 
 acres; but purchasers of warmnts should be careful 
 to see that the assignment to theniselvt a.s well as 
 all previous assignments, is duly registered at 
 Ottawa. It is essential to its validity that the fii-st 
 assignment of a warrant should be en'lorsed on lue 
 document itself. 
 
 Lai d scrip, whether that issued to halt-brec«l 
 hea<ls ol families or of the kind grauted to " old 
 settlers "in the ^I'ettlement Belts, to cvtini^uidi 
 certain clainii>, is of the same value as cash, to the 
 beAxrer, in any purchase of Dominion lands, for the 
 amount represented on its face. 
 
 Settlers who take up homesteads are required 
 to become actual residents and inipruvei's of their 
 claims within six morths from dric of entry. In 
 the case, however, of immigiaiit.s applying to the 
 Minister of the Interior for leave to settle in a 
 community, and shewing good cause, the Governor 
 General-in-Council has power to ext'-nd the period 
 to twelve months. 
 
 It is important in every case to make a home- 
 stead entry as soon as possible, l)ecause no patent 
 can issue (as a free grant) until three years from Ihc 
 date oj entry have expired ; and it is es-^ential to 
 reside on the homestead and ctdtivatc the same 
 continuously in order that no delay may be oc- 
 casioned at the expiration of the above period. 
 Further, it is important bccuise, should circum- 
 
 f^tanci'S require the settler to reside elsewhere, a 
 continuous fulfilment of the homestead conditions 
 for twelve months would give him iheri;.'b,-, under 
 a special clause of the Act, to purchase such home- 
 stead at the current price of the adjacent govern- 
 ment lands. The Departmeut holds residence to 
 have been "continuous," in the lepal sense, not- 
 withstaudirg the settler may have been absent from 
 his homestead for a period not exceeding six 
 months altogether i' any one year of his occupa- 
 tion ; cultivation mu t, however, have been earned 
 on each season by himself or his representatives. 
 
 In the ra - , however, when a certain 
 number of home>U'ad settlers, embracing not 
 less than twenty families, with a view to 
 greater convenience in the establishment of 
 schools, churches, etc ^^k to be allovved to settle 
 together in a haudet oi village, the Minister may 
 vary the lequiremen* as to residence on, but not 
 as \o the cultivation of, <■•'" h separate quarter- 
 section. 
 
 Land Prospectors will act wisely in making 
 sure that the land they propose m nter for is not 
 already claimed iu any way by a prior occupant. 
 As a general rule, it will bo found safer to take up 
 land to which no legal or eiiuitable claim is likely 
 to be asserted than to go into disputed posession 
 of a superior loaition. In the one case, the settler 
 can confidently proceed witli his improvements ; 
 in the other, he will be hindered by the delay and 
 uncertainty involved in obtaiuing a decision. 
 
 Purchasers of land m Manitoba and the North- 
 
 4S 
 
 i<,j,ij.5'f.^.v,.tr^.:^yg„^ ,.._j- ■ 
 
^ 
 
 .->«>. *# 
 
 v^^.'l^^ 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 
 i/.. 
 
 ^4^ 
 
 1.0 
 
 i.i 
 
 1.25 
 
 ■ 45 
 
 ■ 50 
 
 U! 
 
 1^ lii 
 
 ■tt 122 
 
 III 
 
 tl 2.0 
 
 1.4 
 
 1.6 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 //, 
 
 %' 
 
 
 o 
 
 / 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 ?;^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 4^ 
 
 :\ 
 
 \ 
 
 ''^'"'T^x ^\ "^^ 
 
 \>- 
 
 91 WEST MAIN STRKT 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 873-4503 
 

 
 'M 
 
m ' 
 
 i ; 
 
 
 MfANY, 
 
 ANDREW ROBERTSON. President. C. F. SISE, Vice-Preeident 
 
 C. P. SC'LATEK, Secretary-Treasurer. 
 
 This Comj)anv, having an exclusive license to use or let Ibv use the iDstrumeiits of the 
 Canadian Telephone Company, Leuited, -svliich OAvns the original Telepnone Patents in 
 Canada, of Rell, Blake, Edison, Plieips, Gray, and ot?ieis, is now prepared to furnish, either 
 directly or Ihrongli its Agents, Tekpliones of diffeient styles, and applicable to a variety 
 of uses. 
 
 This Company will arrange f^r Telephone lines between Cities and Towns where 
 exchange systems already exist, in order to afford facilities for personal communication 
 between subscribers or customers of such systems. It Avill arrange to connect places not 
 having telegraphic facilities v, ith the nearest telegraph office, or it will build private lines for 
 individuals or tirms, connecting their different places of buf>iness or residence. 
 
 Attention is respectfully invited to this matter, and any further information relatin^(? 
 thereto can be obtained from the Company, 
 
 No. iQ, Hospital Street, Montreal, 
 
 Or HORACE 31AVBOUGALL, mNNiPEG, MANITOBA. 
 
 N B. — All persons using Telephones not licensed by this Company are hereby respect- 
 fully notified that they are liable to prosecution, and for damages for infringement, and will 
 be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. 
 
 44 
 
y 
 
 MANI'AL AN]) FIELD-non K 
 
 f 
 
 West Territories that has been already patented from 
 the Crowu should never pay any portion of the price 
 aijreed upon without firi*t snti.-^fying themselves, by 
 obtaining an abstract of title from the Registry Office 
 for the Registration District in which the lands are 
 situate, that no agreement?, mortgages, judgments, 
 or other incumbrances are recorded against it ; also, 
 that ne^ arrears of taxes are due upon such pro- 
 perty. It should also be remembered that, as the 
 law attaches the greatest possible importance to 
 priority of registration, no delay should be allowed 
 to intervene between the signing of a deed aiid 
 seeing that it is duly registered. A Registrar's f(;e 
 in Manitoba for registering an ordinary convey- 
 ance is S?2.20; he charges 50 cents for a searc'i, and 
 for an abstract according to the number of the en- 
 tries of docdments affecting the property. 
 
 Persona travelling in the North- West are re- 
 quired to be particularly careful to extinguish their 
 camp-fires befoie leaving them, so that the de- 
 structive consequences of a prairie fire may be pre- 
 vented. Beth in Manitoba and the Territories 
 legislation has provided adequate penalties for the 
 punishment of cr.minal negligence in this respect. 
 Should it happen, however, that a party of Pros- 
 pectors are threatened by a prairie fire ap|)rcaching 
 them, and no other means of escape are available, 
 the dinger may be effectually overcome by setting 
 fire to the prairie to leeward of the party, and 
 
 moving the travellers, with their oufit, on to the 
 grou'id fjo burnt over. 
 
 In case of Prospectors 1 jsing their animals 
 while in camp during the sumnrer time, it would 
 be well to remember that ox3n and horses invari- 
 ably graze to windward, in order to avoid the flies 
 as much as possible. 
 
 In calculating itinerary distances on the map, 
 it is only necessary to reukember that a township is 
 about SIX miles wi<le ; by multi)»lying the number 
 of townships to be passed over by six, a fair idea 
 of the distance to be travelled may be arrived at. 
 
 Land hunters who fail at first to find locations 
 to suit tiiem should push further west, to obt.'iin a 
 more extensive choice. It will often happen, how- 
 ever, that, on their return ji)urney, they will be 
 surprised to find conten*'nl families ard growing 
 crops upon the very farms that ihey themselves 
 rejected as unworthy of their selection only a few 
 weeks ])revious. 
 
 Lastly, manly P. ^ .pectors will not feel dis- 
 couraged if they shoulil be bitten by ' ios(juito,or 
 i be teased by a ily, during sultry w' -uer. Experi- 
 ence shows that a " tender-fout," as a new arrival 
 in the North-Westis called, invariably attracts the 
 largest share of the attention of these pests, which 
 ic is comforting to know disappear entirely as the 
 seti lenient and cultivation of the country pro- 
 
 gress. 
 
 45 
 
1£ 
 
 .1 ' 
 
 -I - 
 
 i| 
 
 Doniivion Line of Sfemnships^ r^inniuff in connection ivlth the 
 
 Grand Trunk liailway of Ciinada, 
 
 MississippilDominionSteamshipCo., 
 
 (IjIi^j:itji;id.) 
 
 St'm^rs' Knmis. Cfipluins. Tonx ir(). St'niers' Xanwx. ('((/./<iui,.. Tuirre'i. ' SI'oii-rs' Xu/iics. Ca/itains. Tm\a reij. i St'vt.;rt' Xame^. Captains. Tonn rerj. 
 Vtincovver, (Buildiiijj:) 5.700 ' Dominion, HvU\. 3,l',(j Oraji.n, (IJuiltl iiif), H,712 i Texa», I'mwie, 2,750 
 
 Sa-nia, (Ruiltliisfr), 3,712 i I'aiditnia, lioiuhette, '2,(iViu 'loront.i, i;il)si)n, o,31.'> (Quebec, Dale, 2,020 
 
 Jirookli/n, Lindall, 3,fi0u i jUinisiioijjpi, Uibsuii, -i.-V.^; Ontario Williuus, 3,170 | at. Louis, MoAulay. 2,000 
 
 Montreal, Tiiearle, .S.207 ' 
 
 B*Ulngbn«r9en LIVERPOOL, iTJ^B^.C, and llOSISLZKL in Sasima/, ajdLIV£a?03I., HALIFAX, and PORTLAND ia Winter, caUing at BELFAST 
 on the passage from LIVERPOOL. 
 
 <'iil>lu l'HNMi;:e Ti-kotH, $5i>.0f> !4t(>4'i-:iK<> HVissiise (prepaid rroiiiCiroutUrttulii)..$S7.50 
 
 tt«>tiiru ** *' i)(».o» ChililitMi iiiidcil'^yvar!*. Hair Fare; 
 
 I iiil<>r I yrar. Fr«>(>. 
 Prep.iiil Steerage Certilio^ites, to briii;,' passeuKfii-s from the priiitip.il jioints in Oreat Britain, Iro'.and, and all piirts of 
 Eiiroiw, to liny iunmrtai'l Hailwuv Station in Canada or the (Juited States, at the lowest possible rate.s. 
 
 I'or pa)<8aire ticketh' iir rates i.'t' Fr-^i^-lit, appiv in Livorp.iol. Flinn, Main,ii- Montijinnfrtj. 21 James Street; in London, 
 (r/'oci> d' //««<»'/•, 90 I eade>ihad .Street ; i:i IJulf ist, //«;in/ (^oit-aw, 29 Donegal lj!i>ay; in <^iieensto\vn, 7t>/t/v Dawson dk Co., in 
 Glasg-ow, Robert Duncan d' Co., y; I'nion Street ; in Toioiito, G. iV. Torrame, '$5 Front S reel JSa^t ; in (Quebec, W. Jf. Maepher^ 
 Don, Peter ytreet : or to any Grand Trunli Railway AtreuL, 
 
 DAVID TORRANOE & CO., aeneral Agents, 
 
 8 HOSPITAL STIIEET, MONTREAL. 
 
 4« 
 
 ■m.- 
 
 ^-■-^-^ l^TJ^-.^yS .;i_l*li^-»^--wi:|J-Ti,.^p.l,.*- 
 
%• 
 
 ^, Address no letters on oflicial business hv name to the Min 
 ister, or anyone else amnected with the Department, as letters 
 so pepionallj addressed may be deemed private correejwndontc, 
 and, in the possible absence of the person to whom they are 
 directed, remain unopened till his return. 
 
 2. All letters to the authoritieb at Ottawa on land matters 
 should be addressed, in a plain hand, to 
 
 List of Dominion Land Offices.— Correspondence with Officials.— Various Useful Forms.— 
 Homestead Exemption Privileoe8.~Naturahzation Law of Canada.— Tables of Lineal 
 MEAsuitB, etc.— Ske leton Township Dia«rams.— Skeleton Section Diagrams. 
 
 DOMINION LANDS OFFICES. 
 
 The following is a list of the official names of 
 the Local Districts, as shown in Dia^-am No, VI., 
 together with the post-office address of the Local 
 Agent : — 
 
 Winnipeg — Winnipog. 
 
 Gladri ne— Gladstone. 
 
 BiRTLE— Birtle. 
 
 DuFFEnm— Nelsonville. 
 
 Turtle Mountain — Turtle Mourtain. 
 
 SouRis—Souris-Moiilh. 
 
 Little SASKATt'HEWAN—Odanah. 
 
 Princk Aldkkt— Prince Albert, N.W.T. 
 The Head Oflicf of the Dominion Lands is at 
 Ottawa, being a branch of the Department of tho 
 Interior. 
 
 amRESPONDENCE WITH OFFICIALS. 
 
 Ol»ei vance of the following hints for conduct- 
 ing correspondence with officers connected with tlxe 
 Department of the Interior will save time and 
 trouble to the official staff, facilitate the submission 
 of application* for decision, and, consequently, 
 tend to diminish the period in which rephes may 
 be looked for ; — 
 
 The Hon. I he Minister, 
 
 Deparlmenl of (he Inierior, 
 
 Ottawa. 
 Dominion Lands Branch. 
 
 No stamp is required for letters directed to the official 
 head of the Department, such connnunications being "free." 
 
 X In correspondence with any of the Lot«l Offices, a letter 
 should be addressed as follows :— 
 
 The Local Agent, 
 
 Domini',n Lands 0/flcr. 
 
 Three 
 
 cent 
 
 Stamp. 
 
 •• 
 
 
 47 
 
 In this case the ordinary postage rules apply. 
 
 4. Write in a concise and courteous manner, upon foolscap 
 paper, on one side of the paper only, leaving a Aiargin of at 
 least an inch on the{left-hand side. 
 
 6. In the light-hand top corner of the Irst page write dis- 
 tinctly the official name of (he post office to which a reply is to 
 
. jf'a.^U-' ■•-'^ ' .• '«^ .tj^iii^i-tj,^: 1 
 
 i 
 
 :RvESEKy"V"EID 
 
 (by TEl EGRAM) for THE 
 
 1 I? 
 
 €siMsiBxmM F^€iwi€ Emm w^r GoMPHj^r^ 
 
 I- 
 
 48 
 
 A^r- 
 
 
mm 
 
 MANUAL AND FIELD-BOOK 
 
 be addressed, toffether with the date of .vour letter. If the 
 matter occupies more than one pajje, sec that the pages are 
 numbered ; and be sure that your sijf nature is le;,'ible. 
 
 6. Never deal with more than one subject in a single com- 
 munication: but write a separate letter for eaeii. 
 
 7. On receivinjf a reply, if you respond to it, do not fail to 
 quote the reference number of the official file, which you will 
 observe in the left hand top comer of the first pajfe [i.e., at the 
 head of your letter put— Li reply to No ) 
 
 8. Keep copies of all ^our corresiJondencc with the Dei)art- 
 ment or Local Offices. 
 
 9. All remittances to pay for Uominion lands should be iua<le 
 in lawful money of Cana<la, by registered letter. A Local Agent 
 is not bound to accept anyone's cheque. 
 
 VARIOUS USEFUL FORMS. 
 
 Though Tirinted forms, according to the follow- 
 ing examples, may generally be obtained at the 
 Local Offices of Dominion Land.s, it will tend to 
 prevent mistakes in filling up such forms by the 
 Land Prospector (which would, per japs, entail 
 serious loss and disappointment upo;. him) if he 
 thoroughly informs himself as to what should be 
 set down in an official application. It must be 
 understood that, in the t' rms here given, the 
 words printed in italics are merely inserted to 
 show how the " blanks " in such documents should 
 be iilled in. 
 
 Every application for a homestead entry (ex- 
 cept in the case of an intending emigrant from 
 Europe) must be made personally at one of the 
 Local Offices of Dominion Lands, as follows : — 
 
 PKRSONAL APPLICATION FOR A HOMESTEAD RIUUT. 
 
 I, John Smith, of the City of Torontu, in the County of 
 York, ill the Province of Ontario, Carpenter, do hereby apply 
 to b« ^nterod^ i^ncter the provisions of tho dominion L^nds Acts, 
 
 for the S. W. Quarter of Section No. SS, of Township / ',, Range 
 IS W., containing 100 acres, for the purpose of pro<;uring a 
 homestead right therein. It is understood by this entry I have 
 no claim for a free or sorw rate wnod-lot. 
 
 (Signed). JOUN S.WITIJ. 
 Gladntviie district, 
 Jul ft 1',, 13>^1. 
 
 ^KKIUAVIT IN' aiFcoRr. 
 
 I, John Smith, of the City of Toronto, in tht County «f 
 York, in the Province of Ontario, do solemnly mear (or affirm, 
 as the case may be,) that I cm over eighteen years of a^e; that 
 I have not proviouslv obuined a patent under the provisions of 
 the Dominion lands' Acta; that the land in question belongs to 
 the class open to Uomestead entry; that there is no pci-soi: resid- 
 ing or hacimj bona fide improrenientti thereon; and that the 
 api>lication is for my exclus-ive use and i»enetit, with intention to 
 reside rpon and cultivate the said land. .So help nie Gotl. 
 
 (Signed), JOHN SMITH. 
 
 Sworn V>efore me at (rlsuintone, in the County of Marquette, 
 this mh day of Julti IMl. 
 
 <.8ijned), JOS- GRAHAM, D. L. A. 
 
 When applicAtion is made by a duly author- 
 ized agent to be allowed to enter for a homestead 
 in the name of a person intending to emigrate to 
 Canada, from Great Britain or other European 
 CO uniry, it should be according to the following 
 form; — 
 
 APMilCATION K»R A HOMESTEAD BT AN AOKNT. 
 
 I, Thomas Cornell, of the toicn of Liverpool, in the County 
 of Lancashire, in the Kimidom of Great /ir/(«i/», agent, do hereby 
 apply for and on behalf of William Henry Dyson, of the Vtllaife^ 
 of Chexviwjton, in the County of Surreii, in the K>n(i(lam of 
 Great Britain, farmer, to Iwenteretl under the t)rovi8ions of the 
 Dominion Ijind Acta, for the N E. quarter of Section /?, of 
 Township ;?, Range •JJ irrxf. containing /'W a-rcs, for the pur- 
 l)ose of securing a homesteatl right therein. It is undcrstooil uy 
 
 4© 
 

 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 'J 
 
 I;! 
 
 I 
 
 GEORGE COX, 
 
 £ngrauer,Iithographer 
 
 AND DIE SINKER, 
 
 Plain or Colored Emhona Printer, 
 
 OEOBGE MITCHELL, 
 OonveyanoeT, 
 
 MiElBg, Real Ms and General Aaent, 
 
 Commissioner in B.R., etc.y 
 
 RAT PORTAGE. 
 
 MANITOBA. 
 
 MlCKE^fZIE ft BAKimi, 
 
 irristea[to,Solte^ 
 
 MAIN ST. WINNXPBQ. 
 
 Fred MMkeiKlt. 
 
 C. 8. SMkln. 
 
 , •] \ .^'.ti-^. ■■,■■■;■ 
 
 ■•;''■- ' ^j->;.i 'i',1 ■- ' '?■:■",•■? h ■!,' 1 ,.*■',' t '■■ - 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 • ■ -^ f<. , - , 
 
 
 : 'M^V ■■;ii J^'= '--. 
 
 . ■; '"^ " '^ 
 
 • >*;' 
 
 i.-,.-. > 
 
 ^,.; K'^j;, ^'i^/iQj ^ 
 
 .... .' 
 
 ■'■ , ■'" 
 
 
 '■.■•:" :', ■;,i4-M^j-;.f < 
 
 i'^'v, 
 
 ■! , ' t ' 
 
 
 
 .,'. ; 
 
 ■■'■■! ??,^-' 
 
 :-v^;?"'- 
 
 W'*' 
 
 
 
 i v«* l*'l;W 
 
 
 ■•••■■'i 
 
 r,%mm^mr 
 
INNIPBO. 
 
 €. S. Saakiii. 
 
 ..t 
 
T 
 
 i I 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 f 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 / 
 
 (if 
 
 a , 
 
 ^""^T^ 
 
^■ithn, 'i .ill. 'i'.t J 
 
 MANUAL AND FIELD-BOOK. 
 
 this application that the laid William Utnry Dy»on maliM no 
 claim fur a fre« or separate wood-lot. 
 
 (Sfc'd.) That. Cornell. 
 Tuitlt Mountain IMstrlct, 
 July ISth, IS81. 
 
 The agent, who must 2yer3onaUy make the 
 application as above at one of the Local Offices, is 
 leiiuired also to file the following : 
 
 AFFIDAVIT IN 81 PPORT. 
 
 I, Thoman Cornell, do solemnly »u'<w (or affi,r)n, as the (!a«e 
 may be) that William Henry I)ygon, of Chetsinffton, i^reat 
 Britain, for whom i am acting herein as afjent, is over elifhteen 
 yearH of afje; that he has not previously obtained a homestead 
 OH Dominion lands; that the land in question belfmifs to th« 
 class open to homestead entry; that there is no [person residing 
 or having improvements thereon; and that the ap|ilieatioii U 
 made for the exclusive use and benefit of the said William 
 Henry Dyson, and with the intention of bis residing upon anil 
 cultivating the said land. So help me Uod. 
 Sworn he -ore me thhtmh day of July, \ (g^ j Thoi. Cormli 
 1881, at Turtle Mountain. ^ v ^ / 
 
 (Sgd.) Oeo. F. Neiecomb, D. L. A. 
 
 When a settler has fulfilled the condition of 
 three years continuous residence on and cultiva- 
 tion of his homestead, he can obtain his free patent 
 from the Crown on filing with the Local Agent, 
 according to the following form, an 
 
 APPLICATION FOR HOMBBTKAD PATENT. 
 
 To the A^rent of Dominion Lands, 
 Duffer in District. 
 Sir,— I have the honor to ai)ply, under the provisions of 
 " The Dominion JAnds Acts " and amendments thereto, for a 
 patent from the Crown for my homestead, upon grounds set 
 forth in the annexed Affidavits. 
 Puteti Jvhj *n(i, 1381, (Sgd.) M. Duffy. 
 
 Affidavits, according to the following forms 
 must accompany the above application, being the 
 "legal proofs" required by the law. They may be 
 sworn before any Justice of the Peace, Commisioner 
 for taking affidavits in B. R., or any liocal Agent 
 or clerk in any of iho Dominion Lands Offices in 
 Manitoba or the North-West Territories. 
 
 AFFIDAVITS 1.. SUPPORT. 
 
 I, Michael Duffy of the 
 
 Elet^toral Division of Lowwt" in the County 
 of Eaut Marquette, ta.rni'^r, make oath and 
 
 Nelsonville, \ 
 Manitoba, r 
 To Wit: ) 
 say;— 
 
 1. The land for which I claim a Homestead Patent, under 
 the provisions of Section 33, Dominion Lands Acts, is the S. E. 
 quarter of Section No ?, Township .;, tiancrei/. Went, containing 
 100 acres, my Pre-emption being the S. W. quarter of Section 
 No. *, Township ^', Range 'J, Wed. and the wood-lot 1 hold with 
 said Homestead is No. fiOi, and de»cri»Kjd as the A'J of legal sub- 
 div'sion IC, of Section No. IS, A Township /., Range S We$t. 
 
 2. 1 obtained eiitrv in the DoniinionLand Ottice at NrlsonvilU 
 on the 3rr/« day of March, \%73. and have been actually residing 
 on my homestead and cultivating the same (.-ontinuously since 
 the Wth dayfof April, 1H7S, and I am still residing uinni and 
 ciiltivuting the said lands. 
 
 :{. I hod last season, or during the year this application is 
 made, f/.i acres under crop, and luivc, at the date t»f this appli- 
 cation, altc>gether M acres broken and under cultivation, with Stj 
 acres fenced and enclosed on the lands ft>' which I make this 
 applijation for Patent. 
 
 4. My improvements in buildings are of the following 
 description and dimensions:— On^ Ina houteilixi/t/t:) one barn 
 {S/,\16ft.): one root houxe {lOxlL'/t.j 
 
 6. 1 am a British subject by birth (or naturalization, as thi^ 
 case may l)e.) 
 
 Sworn before me thin .?n</ daj of July, ) 
 XSai.&t Nelsonville. »' 
 
 (Sgd.) H. Landerkin, 
 
 D. L. S, 
 
 (Sgd.) M. Duffy. 
 
 6% 
 
 
RED RIVER VALLEY LI^E. 
 
 < ^,|THE ST. PAUL, I j > 
 
 PRIAILWAYM 
 
 THE ONLY LINE through the famous Park Region. 
 
 THE ONLY LINE from St. Paul to Lake Miunetonka. 
 
 THE ONLY LINE to all the great Wheat Fields of the Red River Valley. 
 
 THE ONLY LINE connecting with the Canadian Pacific Railway for points 
 
 in Manitoba and British North- West Territories. 
 
 THE ONLY LINE running trains over its own track from St. Paul or 
 
 Minneapolis to Moorhead or Fargo, or points in 
 
 c^TKB RED RIVER VALLBY.^o 
 
MANUAL AND FIELD-BOOK. 
 
 E. 
 
 Bl 
 
 illey. 
 oints 
 
 il or 
 
 County of, Ma r'lii^tte Eaxl, \ 
 Prmiiicf of Manitoba, y\c T)ioiiia< TnitipUi}/) nnd John 
 
 To 'Wit: ) Carneii, of tlif (''tunt'i nf Mnr- 
 
 qvfti* and Province of Manitoba, havintf lioivnl tin; fore^'oiii); 
 Atf\ilii\'\t nf Mirhael Dtifii read over to uh, nmkc o»tli and say 
 we know the lands theruin deHcrilntd, aiul tlio cultivation and 
 improvements inatiti tliereon. and 1>clievn all the st#tonientH 
 made in the said Affidavit are tnie in svihstaticr' and in fin-t 
 Hworn iwfore mc tliisCu'/ dayo' Jwij/, ) (Sjjd.) Th<», Tmnpkini 
 lHHl,»tyelitonnlle. i (Hm\.) J. Carney. 
 
 (8tfd.) //. Landerkin, 1). L. A. 
 
 It i.s important to remember that, in case of 
 the application beinjj from an alien who hasbecnme 
 naturalized, the original certificate of naturalization 
 (or a certified copy of the same) must be forwardel 
 to Ottawa along with it. 
 
 Any one desiring to have opened for'^his own 
 entry a homestead claim upon which the condi- 
 tions have not been fulfilled, may present to 
 a Local Agent, after the following form, an 
 
 APPLICATION rOR CANCKLHTIOX OF IIOMKSTKAD BXTRV. 
 
 To the Agent of Dominion Lanuo. 
 Winnipeij! District. 
 8ia, -I have the hono' to apply for tlie Cancellation of the 
 Homestead Entry of l.uke Devout, for the S. W. tluarter of 
 Section 3?, Township 7, Range I, Eaut, under tlie circumstanceb 
 »et forth in the following statomentH. 
 
 (.Sis;nod), Duncan 'McDnff.^ 
 
 Winnipeg, 
 Manitoba, 
 To Wit: 
 oath and say 
 
 AI'TIDAVIT or ArrttCANT. 
 
 I, Duncan McDuff, of the Toumhip of 
 SpringjieM, in the Province of Manitoba, maka 
 ,: That I jyerxonally vinited the ahore-mfntione'i 
 onarte.r-Keoiion on the lUh of Jidy, inst., and ther» mat no one 
 at that time residing upon the mid la ^'ds. I have frequently 
 pasMd over the $aid landn within the paxi nix nionthx, ami have 
 
 nreer oligerved any one resxdiny on or ntltivatiny the xame. 
 There are no buildinyn or other pennciient iinprovf^tentu on the 
 Kiiiit landi>: and the extent of land broken {nttout i^acren) noine 
 two or three years ago in now completely overgrown with grau 
 and wee In. 
 
 Mwom »)efore mc this IMh day ) /oi„„„,u n„„^n» u.'Tt„tr 
 id ,h,l„, ISA,;, at Winnipeij. ) (S'??""''^' I^^^ncan MtVuff. 
 (SiK.iod), A. II. Wh'itx-her, 
 
 I). L. A. 
 
 AFFIDAVIT IN HlPrORT OF APPLICANT'S 8TATEMIXTS. 
 
 Winnipeg, \ 
 
 Manititlia, V We, Limin Eoanturel and Patrick Boiirkt of 
 To Wit; ) Towmhip 7, Range I K, in the Province nf 
 Manitoba, having heard the fore>,'oinff Affldavit of Duncan Mr- 
 Puff read over to ns, maite oath and say we k:iow the landH 
 therein descril)od, and helieve the statements made in the »aid 
 Affidavit to be true in substance and in fact. 
 
 (Signed), 
 
 Sworn lictore me this 7UAday 
 of July, lb»i, at Winnipeg 
 
 (Signed), 
 
 AoKw KvcMnrel. 
 ■ (Signed), 
 
 Patrick Rourke. 
 A. n. WhUcher, D. L. A. 
 
 BOXI) BR»jriRKI) OF AITLICAXT. 
 
 I, Duncan McDuff, hereby bind myself to forfeit to the 
 Minister of the Interior the dei)08it of 2>n dollars, which, as a 
 guarantee of good faith, I have made in connection witb. this 
 Amplication for the Cancellation of the Kntry of Luke Devout, 
 for the S. W. Quarter \d Hei'Unn J,\ Townsbif)' 7, RaiiRc I Jiant, 
 should the evidence I have filed in 8up|iort thereof be proved to 
 be otberwi.HC than substantially true anci in accordance with 
 fBAjt: and, if so forfeited, the said dciwsit is either to be given to 
 the said Luke Devout, in consideration of the trouble and ex- 
 pense he may have incurred t'irougti my artion herein, or may 
 he paid into the jtuhlic revenue?", as the Minister of the Interior 
 mav under the cireumstances d retrt. 
 
 Signed, sealed, and delivered at 
 "is I',th day 
 in the pres- 
 
 Winnipeg, this /VA day) 
 
 of Ju\y, 188/, 
 enee of 
 (Sgd.) AH. 
 
 Whitcher, ) 
 D. L. A. 
 
 (Sgd.) Duncan Mcb nff. 
 
 (SKAL.) 
 
 U 
 

 rtitr i ni l iiiii i . iil5S 
 
 ^ 
 
MANUAL AND FIELD-BOOK 
 
 •i 
 
 In the following fonn, if for a pre-emption 
 entry, the words " by pre-emption" aie added after 
 th3 heading : — 
 
 APrUCATION TO PCRCIIA8B DOMINION LANDS. 
 
 Birtle, July iJrd, IgSl, 
 I, Charles Jackson, of the City of Montreal, in the County 
 of Hochelaga, in the Province of Quebec, hereby apply to 
 purchase the 
 
 S. W. Quarter of Section ,11, Township 1<J, Range 26 ; Acres, IW 
 
 or 
 
 S'. Half " 33, " 19, " Si) ; " 320 
 
 or 
 
 Whole " 10, " IS, " V. " 67,0 
 
 or 
 
 S. k and N.S. i " 37, " 17, " 30 ; " 1^0 
 
 (Signed*, Chan. Jackson. 
 
 HOMESTEAD EXEMPTION PRIVILEGES. 
 
 Though the fact does not '■eem to be very gener- 
 ally known, the law of Canada and the statuves of 
 Manitoba provide ample protection for the settler 
 and his family against their new home in the 
 North- West beinj? seized for debt at the instance 
 of a vindictive creditor ; that is (in the North-West 
 Territories) if the head of a family takes the pre- 
 caution of securing it by effecting the nece(?sary 
 special registration. 
 
 IX THK NOETII-WKSr TERRIT0RIK8, 
 
 Any man who is the owner of real estate in fee simple or for 
 life, witli a house thereon actually occupietl by hini. may 
 register as a *' hometteatl " in the ordinary Registry office for 
 the district, an extent of laud not esceediuj; eighty acres <\n a 
 
 rural locality,) or the lot on which such dwelling house stands 
 (if an incorporated city, town, or village.) A 'lomestead thus 
 registered is wholly exempt from seizure or sale under execution 
 or under any act re8|)ectinir insolvency, for any debt of the owner 
 contracted after such registration, provided the value of the 
 homestead does not exceed 92,000. If its value exceeds that 
 amount, then it stands 8i> exempt to that amount, except :—(!). 
 For the amount of any mortgage given to secure the iturchase 
 miiney of the prtijierty, and ^2) for the amount of any taxes due 
 thereoJi. 
 
 In case the jiroprietor of the homestea<l is nmrried, he has 
 the right, upon malting the necessHiry affidavits, to have his 
 wife's name entered by the Registrar upon the certificate to such 
 homesteatl, whereufwn she becomes the joint owner of a life 
 interest therein. Should the wife at any time tliereafter i>c 
 unfaithful to her husband, on legal proof thereof being furnished 
 to a court of competent jurisdiction, her name may Iks cancelled, 
 Wiien her life interest absolutely ceases. Exce[tt in a case of 
 that kind, tlie wife'n name having once Ir'Cii registered, the pro- 
 perty can only be dispostd of by her Joining with her Inisband 
 in any deed. If she should die previous to her husband und 
 there are any minor children living, the homestead cannot be 
 alienated without the sanction in writing of a stiiiendiai) 
 magistrate or the judge of a local court of record. 
 
 In llie event of the owner of such a homestead dying, the 
 property goes to the widow for life, or, if he leaves no widow, to 
 any minor child or children, to use so long as such minority 
 continues. iFor further particulars, see the Homestea«l Kxcmp- 
 tion Act, 1878.] 
 
 Ill case of a property heing the wife's, she may, as in th 
 manner above 8tite<l, -egister tlic name of h-jr husband :ui joint 
 owner with her. 
 
 IN M/.NITOBA, 
 
 The law is still more lilwral in protecting from seizure for 
 debt tlie property of a settler. Thus, the folloving is a list of 
 the real and personal estate declared to be absolutelj free from 
 seizure by virtue of all writs of exticution issued by an\ ot the 
 courts of the Province, viz.: (1) The land cultivat««I by thP 
 debtor to the extent of ItiO acres, any excess lielng liable to be 
 sold (with privilege to flr'it mortgagee); also the house, .stabfes; 
 barns, and foncea on the tarm, subject to the same condition, 
 (2) the beds, bedding, and Iwidsteads in common use by the 
 debtor and his fflmily; (3) one stove >ind its piping, one table, 
 necesjarj kitche atensil.s and table crockery for the debtor and 
 
 {« 
 
i-i-iiasi a ; ^"EKt . i 
 
 Ilia fatally, one spinning wb«el, one weaver's loom, the books of 
 a profewional man, one axe, one saw, one gun, six traps, and 
 the nets and seines used by the debtor; (4) necessary food for the 
 family for thirty days; (5) one cow, two oxen, one horse, four 
 sheep, two pi^, and footl for the same for thirty days; (fi) the 
 tools and neoesMiries used by the debtor in his trade or profes- 
 sion, to the value of SIOO (if be be a mechanic), and .*200 (if he be 
 a farmer or professional man); (7) the articles and furniture 
 necesau ry to the perfonnance of religious services; (8) the neces- 
 sary a"d ordinary clothina: of the uebtor and his family. The 
 debtor i» moreover entitled to choose which articles lie will retain 
 in the event of having more of a particular kind than is covered 
 by the exemption. 
 
 The articles embraced within the exemptions nnmlwred ", r>, 
 6, and 7 are, however, liable to seizure, if their price should ht; 
 sued for— that is, if they have Dot l>eeii jiaid for. School and 
 iiiunicii>al taxes are recoverable, and may he levied foru|tfin any 
 of the deotor's real or f>er80ual property, except such as is in- 
 cluded in exemptions 2, :{, 6, *i, 7, and 8. 
 
 The Act further declares that no judgment or action for debt 
 contracted outside the Province shall be enforced against any 
 settler coming into Manitoba within a period of seven years from 
 the date of his arrival, though this provision has no effect t«i 
 jjrevcnt the collection of debts contracted outside the Province 
 for goods purchased to be brought into it. 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NATUPv^LIZA-Tton LAW 
 OF CANADA. 
 
 W 
 Tbe following are the princip.al provisions of 
 
 "The Naturalization Act, Canada, 1S81," summar- 
 ized as brier.y as maj' be :~ 
 
 ACTUAL STATUS OF ALIE.NS, 
 
 " Real and personal property of ever3' description may he 
 taken, acquired, held, ana disposed of hy an alien in the same 
 manner in all respects ashy a natural-born British subject; and 
 a title to real and p«r9onarpropcrty of every description maybe 
 derived through, from, or in succession <.oan alien, in the same 
 manner fn all respects as through, from, or in sBccession to a 
 natural-ljorn British subject.' 
 
 Aliens, however, are not qualified for office ,• 
 to exercise any municipal, parliamentary, or other 
 franchise, or to be the owners of a British ship. 
 
 RBI'ATRUTIO.V OF BRITISH-nonN ALIENS. 
 
 The following clauses have a special interest 
 for British subjects who voluntarily relinquished 
 the privileges of such with a view of settling in 
 the United States or other foreign country, but 
 now desire to repatriate themselves : 
 
 " Where the British subject has l>ofore tbe iroming into forc^e 
 of this Act voluntaril\' become natunilized in a foreign State, aJid 
 yet is desirous of renuiiiiing a British subject within Canada, he 
 may, at any time within two years after the (doming into force of 
 thi-< Act, make a declaration that be is desirous of remainin«r a 
 British subject, ami uyon such declaration l)eing made, and upon 
 bis taking the oath of allegiance, the declarant shall lie deemed to 
 be and t<^have l>een c jntinually a British subject within Canada; 
 with this nualification, that he shall not, when within the limits 
 f)f the foreign Htate in which he has Vieen naturalized, be deemed 
 within Canada to he a British subjeag,, unless he has ceased to be a 
 subject of that State in inirsuance of a treaty to that effect. 
 
 " .\ declaration of British nationality nny bo made, and the 
 oath of alle,^iance be taken as follows :— If the declarant l)c in the 
 United Kingdom, in the iiresence of a justice of the peace; if else- 
 where in Her Majesty's tlcminions, in the jiresence of any judge of 
 any court of civil or criminal juristliction, oi of any justice of the 
 peace, or of an.v other otticer for the time l>eing authorized by law, 
 in the place in which the declarant is. to a^lininister an oath for 
 any judicial or other legal pur|>ose ; and if out of Her Majesty's 
 dominions, in the presence of any officer in the diplomatic or 
 consular service of Her .Majesty. " 
 
 NATURALIZATION OF AI.inNS ANP HKSUMPTION OF 
 RRITISH >. A ITONAMTV. 
 
 An alien who has resided in Canada for a 
 term not Icsn than three yairn, or has been in the 
 ficrvicc of the Govtviiment of Canada, or of one 
 
 67 
 
'-* '!'^t«t^»^"" ' "- ''' '-''«'*"»»M I >W " W ll i ll 'M III IJ*«Wini lll >IIUfl)^ 
 
 
 Iti i . !< 
 
MANUAL'AND FIELD-BOOK. 
 
 or more of the governments of the Provinces of 
 Canada, for a term of not less than three years, and 
 intends, when naturalized, either to reside in 
 Canada, or to serve under the Government of 
 Canada, or of such Provincial Governments, may 
 take the oaths of residence and allegiance or of 
 service and allegiance, and apply for a certificate of 
 naturalisation, furnishing, of course, the necessary 
 legal proofs before the proper authorities, 
 
 '• An alien to whom a certificate of naturalization is jfraiited 
 shall within Caniida be entitled to all i>olitical and other ritrhts, 
 |K>wer8, and privileges, and be subject to ail oblij^ations to which 
 a natural-born British subject is entitled or subject uithiH 
 Canada, with this fjualification, that he shall not when within the 
 limits of the foreign State of which he was a subject previously to 
 obtaining his certificate of naturalization, be deemed toVn; a British 
 subject unless he has ceased to be a subiect of that State in 
 pursuance of a treaty or convention to that effect. " 
 
 " A special certificate of naturaization may in manner afore- 
 said be granted to any ))crson with resi)eot to whose nationality 
 as a British subject a doubt exiflts. and such certificate may 
 BiJecify that the grant thereof is made for the purpose of cjuicting 
 doubt as to tha right of such |)er8on to be deemed a Uritish 
 subject." 
 
 A natural-born British subject who has become 
 an alien tiay, upon the same terms and subject to 
 the same conditions as are required in the case of 
 an alien, apply to the proper authority for a "cer- 
 tificate of re-admission to British nationality," 
 re-admitting him to the status of a British subject 
 within Can^a. 
 
 *' A copy of the certificate of naturalization may l)e registered 
 in the Land Registry Office of any County or District or Registra- 
 tion Division within Canada, and a cony of such registry certified 
 by the Registrar, or other proper per».jn in that behalf, shall be 
 sufflcient evidence of the naturalization of the person mentioned 
 ther«in, in all courts and places vvliatsoevar.' 
 
 thjj: oath of allegiance. 
 
 The following is the full text of the oath of 
 allegiance retjuired of aliens becommg British 
 subjects in Canada. It will be seen that it contains 
 nothing discriminating offensively against the 
 country to which such alien owes lus birth, as does 
 that re(iuired by the laws of the United States : — 
 
 I do sincerely jjroraise and swear (or, being a perH<m allovr.d 
 by ]mo to ajftrin in judicial cases, afllmi] that I will be faithful 
 and beir true allegiance to Her Majesty (^ueen Victoria, as lawful 
 Soveieign of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 
 and of the Dominion of Canada, dci)endent on and belonging to 
 the said Kingdv)m, and that 1 will defend her to the utmost of my 
 jtower ;igainst all traitorous conspiracies or attempts whatever 
 which may be made against her person, crown, and dignity, and 
 that I will do my utmost endeavour to disclose and make known 
 to Her M ije8ty,'her Heirs, or Successors, all treason or traitorous 
 conspiracies and attempts which I shall know to !)• against her or 
 any of them; and all this I do swear [or atfirmi without any 
 equivocation, mental evasion, or secret reservation. So helj) me 
 God. 
 
 Sworn before me at 
 this 
 day of 
 
 } 
 
 6» 
 
 TABLES OF LINEAL MEASURES, ETC. 
 
 LINE.VL MEASrnK. 
 
 The unit oflineal measure is tho i/drrf, which 
 is divided into three feet, each loot being subdivid- 
 ed into twelve inches. Other denominations being 
 practically obsolete, as itinerary distances are now 
 reckoned in miles and yards, the following table of 
 equivalents will be found suflicient .—63,360 inches 
 - 5,280 feet ^- 1,760 yards ^ 1 mile. 
 
 1* 
 
MANUAL AND FIELD -BOOK 
 
 the relations of square measure :— 27,878,400 sq. ft. 
 = 3,097,600 sq. yds. - 640 acres == I sq. mile. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF ROMAN FIGURES. 
 
 The numbers of rangea, townships, and sections 
 being usually marked on the surveyors' monu- 
 ments in Roman letters, the following table is 
 given for the benefit of Prospectors, so that they 
 may veadily understand how any particular num- 
 ber would respectively be represented in ordinary 
 numerals ; — 
 
 The dimensions of the boundaries of land, how- 
 ever, are usually ascertained and described by the 
 standard of measurement called " Gunter's chain." 
 A chain, which is subdivided into 100 links of 792 
 inches each, is 66 feet in length. The following are 
 the equivalents :— 8,000 links —- 80 chains ^ I mile. 
 
 ME\SUnE.MENT OF .\RE.VS. 
 
 In the mea?.ure of a superlicies tlio yard is sul>- 
 d'vided, as in lineal measure, mlo feet and inches, 
 144 square inches being .3({ual to a square foot. For 
 the measurement of large quantities of land the 
 multiples of the yard are the pole, the rood, and the 
 acre; and sUll larger surfaces, as of whole countries 
 or territories, are expressed in s([uaro miles. The 
 rood and the pole being almost obsolete on this side 
 of the Atlantic, less quantities than an acre are 
 generally expressed in decimals. The following are 
 
 (X)PIES OF OFFICIAL MAPS, ETC. 
 
 Private persons desirous of obtaining copies of ofticial maps or other documents from the Depart- 
 ment of the Interior, can obtain theri by forwarding an application to the ^Minister, accompanied by 
 a remittance aufHcient to cover the probable cost, according to the following: — 
 
 TARIFF OF FEP3S. 
 
 1 I 
 
 11 XI 
 
 2t XXI 
 
 .SI XXXI 
 
 2 11 
 
 12 XII 
 
 22 XXH 
 
 32 XXXII 
 
 3 in 
 
 13 XIII 
 
 23 XXHI 
 
 3;< X.XXIII 
 
 4 IV 
 
 14 XIV 
 
 24 XVIV 
 
 3^ :xxiv 
 
 5 V 
 
 15 XV 
 
 25 XXV 
 
 35 XXXV 
 
 IV 
 
 13 XVI 
 
 2fi XXVI 
 
 3(5 XXXVF 
 
 7 VII 
 
 17 XVII 
 
 27 XXVII 
 
 37 XXXVII 
 
 8 VIII 
 
 18 XVUl 
 
 28 XXVIII 
 
 38 XXXVIII 
 
 9 IX 
 
 IS) XIX 
 
 29 XXIX 
 
 39 XXXIX 
 
 10 X 
 
 iJO XX 
 
 80 XXX 
 
 40 XL 
 
 Copying Plans, 4 to 7 centa per wiuare inch, according to 
 na'i'Ur* of work. 
 
 Tracings, 2 to 4 cents per square inch. 
 Copying field notes, 26 centi per pa^c. 
 
 do do Section 91.00. 
 
 Copying of to^vn8hi|>plan,*3.u0, 
 
 Lithographed copy of township i)lan, 50 cents. 
 Lithographed copy of parish i)lan— inner two miles, 82.0^. 
 do do outer two miles, ¥1.00. 
 
 Registering assignments, ;^2.00. 
 Copjing docuH'.enti— first 100 words, 25 cents. 
 
 do do each «u<,'ccedlng 100 words, 15 cents. 
 
 fit 
 
 -e !■> •■ ^