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 happil; 
 KcriouB 
 >)eing j 
 
 
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 ei^il (groOcriimeuJ- tOe late eon.^)iic<icjt?. 
 
 A DISCOURSE, 
 
 DELIVERED IN KINCiSTON, V.V. DECEMBER 31, 183T, 
 
 BY KG ER TO IV It V E R S O N. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY REQUEST. 
 
 Ne, pneri, ne tanta animis nssuescitt heila, 
 Ne patrite vulidus in mscera verlite vires. 
 
 VlROlL. 
 
 L^t us be daily ili.inhful, that in our own ace and country the rights nf Cod and initii are 
 happily united. May a i^uatdiau piovidunce conlinuc to watch ovet both I And may we 
 KcriouBly consider how in)po.-!sibie ii ia, under ■such d Government, to bo good Christian* without 
 >>eing gooti subjects, or ii> fear Uod, il" w« do not fioiiour the flTiH^.-DoctiRiDttB. 
 
 ,V^ 
 
 
 TOR N '\ U : 
 
 PRIJ^TED AT THE CONFERENCE OmCE. 
 Jo&KFH Jl.Lxwn.LKCK, Printer. 
 
 -: , '- , 1838. 
 
 
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A I> V K K J' I S K M E N T, 
 
 In coiii|»liaiu.'e vvitli ihv. voA\\n:si of scvciiil pniicipul 
 persons wlio lieanl (lie foJIowing discourse; (leliv('r(j(l,tjie 
 author has hcen induced to prepare, it lor the press, — 
 hoping that the perusal of it may. in the present cir- 
 cinnstances of the Province, he hoth int(?resti]i^^ and 
 userul; especially as he is not aware thai any tliijig of 
 the kind has appearcnl helore the Canadian pnhlic. and 
 as the doctrine oi' civil gotcrnment — including its 
 origin and obj<'cts. the mutual rights and duties of 
 rulers and subjects — is, he helievos, viewed in the 
 simple light of Sci-ijiture and Reason, as also the 
 crimes involved in the late conspiracy and the hand of 
 God in our deliverance. The Author has, as far as 
 the linnits of an ordinary Discourse would permit, 
 availed himself of the authorities of those Names whose 
 praise is in all lands, and whose reasonings on this, as 
 Oil other branches of Moral Science, are as rational 
 and Scriptural as they are perspicuous and beautiful. 
 
 Kingston, January 8, 1938. 
 
 ■ •^' 
 
 
 
 
# 
 
 Is 
 
 ■I €■ 
 
i> I s c () i; H s i:. 
 
 '• They shall wisely consider of his doing." 
 
 Psalm Ixlv. 9. 
 
 At the opening of this Psnlin, the inspirci! King of Israel iinplon^s 
 tlio l)ivinc protectiiin agaif.isi an enemy vvlio hail jilotU-il tlie ileBtmcUoii 
 of bis life and tlu; MihversioM of liis llirone. In the 2u(l, hrl, kh, CHh 
 and 6th verses, he describes tlie characiter and conduct of iht,' parties to 
 this conspiracy. In the 2n(l verse, he characterises them as " mrked,''^ 
 as '• workers of iniquity ;" — men who, whatever inight !)« their outwanl 
 profession, were in reality void of all relii^ious ])niiciple, and even made 
 " Initiuity ' their occupation fir trade — were '' workers^'' of it. H<> 
 speaks, in d\c same verne, of tiieir " secret counsel,-^ cind '' inanrrection.^' 
 In their " secret counsel," tliey formed the conspiracy a^rainst the King's 
 life an<i government, and made aJi " insurrection" in order to accom- 
 plish it. 
 
 !n the ^th and 5t.h verses, the conspirators are repiTsented aa 
 "• wh.effing their tnngve like n sword" as " balding their bows to shoot 
 iheir arrows^ even bitter wards^ " Whetting the tongue like a sword," 
 may signify a malevolent jH'eparation of the most provoking, defamatory, 
 and injurious seanJal and seiliiion, as a soldier whets Ids sword that he 
 may the letter destroy his enemies. — Tlieir " bitter words," are com- 
 pared to poisonous arrows — deadly in their nature and intent. Tiiese 
 " an'ows" they shoot " in secret'' and *•• suddenly" — in the dark and by 
 surprise, where no fear is appn.^hended because no danger is seen. 
 
 The royal Prophet next states the manner in which his enemies 
 emboldened each other in, and matured tiieir treasonable designs. — 
 ^^ They encourage themselves i,t an etnl OTr///p^/-;" ptn'baps by boasting 
 of their union, and numbers, and courage, and the weakness and 
 defencelessness of their adversaries ; perhaps also by dwelling upon the 
 honour, and power, and booty they would acquire, and the gratitication 
 they would experience in wreaking their vengeance against the property 
 and Uvea of odious individuals. They privily plot their schemes, and 
 njuqtually pledgin, themselves to secrecy, suppose their plans to be 
 
 
 rw%^: 
 
2 CIVIL novKRNMF.NTt 
 
 perfeclly hcpuio IVoim drU'clioti ; or, in llu' Pjfniniisl's own vv()rtl»<, "/An/ 
 comviunt. of Ini/infr .sjuncs jtriviiy : ihvy saij, ' Who shall see them V " 
 
 In oriler to wt'iakt'ii llic inllueiico of llie nulhoiiticH Ihev liavc conspireil 
 to overlhr(»\v, and lo cxaHpcmto their nilhorentx ngninst the iiuhvuhial^. 
 wliuni tliey have rosolvi'il to (lo.»lroy. these plotters arc reprewiited an 
 ilili^ciilly and ininiitcly iiivfsli^^iling, and piiljli«hing, and mngnifying 
 the errors, and foihlos antl sins of their haled nHers. *' 7V;ry svnrch oat 
 inifjinlies; (prol)al»ly under \\w names «d' alaises, oppressions, Stc, — a 
 patriotic anil indispensrdjU- ihtty on some occasions ami with rigid ohje( ts 
 in view;) ^^ihcrj nccompUsh a diligent st/rch.'*'' Ihit in all this they 
 are nieditaiing an ulterior, a dark, a deep design. " Bot/t iht inward 
 tlwught of even/ one of them, and the heart, is deep.'*- 
 
 Siicli is the repivscnlation which the Kinf! of Israel gives of the plot 
 which had been fonacd against his life and government, and ilie manner 
 in wliich its authors httU pursued their wicked designs. In the 7th and 
 8th verses, he predicts the certainty and manner of their defeat. By a 
 special interposition of Divine Providence, their plans would he suddenly 
 frustrated, and they would be disabled and overthrown. '* God shall 
 .shoot at them with an arrow ; ftuddenly shdl they be wmindcd" — 
 \vou; ded in their prospects, liopes, and CKpectations, as well as in their 
 j^ower, if not in their persons. — In the 8th verse, these " workers of 
 iniquity" are represented, after their suc'^en overtlirow, as revealing 
 their own secret counsele and iilottings, either by becoming what we call 
 " King's evidence," or by a frank confes;?ion of their own folly and 
 wickedni|>ss. " So they shall make iheir own tong^ic to fall upon 
 themselves^ — It is also intimated that many kindred spirits, who were 
 privy to the plot, but who were not wounded or taken in it, perceiving 
 the Janger and ruin of their compatriots in guilt, would elude the. 
 impending evil, either by secreting then\sclves, or by mingling with other 
 classes of the comravmity, or by escaping from the country altogether. 
 " All that see them shall flee awayj" 
 
 How far this Psalm, iVom the 2nd to the 8th verse inclutdve, presents 
 a true portrait of recent events in these Provinces, I leave to yotu* good 
 sense and intelligence to determine. In the two lust (flth and 10th) 
 verses of the Psahn, we are reminded of tlie effect whicii a review of 
 such events ought to have on every observer, especially every true 
 Christian. ^^ And all men shall fear' — shall recoil from following so 
 wicked an example, and dread tlie frowns of the Divine displeasure ; 
 "^ and shall declare the work of Gud^^ — shall acknowledge, on the ojykf' 
 
TIU: I.ATK CONSPIHACY. S 
 
 hanil, his potKliiess in tlu* ilcliverancc, and his judgment dii ihc other ; 
 "/o/- l/iry hdU v'is'.li/ con'u'drr t.f his dolno;. I'/ie righUous shall Of 
 if/ad in ihr Lords ond shall tinst in him ; and all the vpriirht in heart 
 shall gloi}!.'''' 
 
 Let. us, my FneiulH, on the jtresent oeeaHioii, wisely eonsidcr of GcmI's 
 (h)ing, in thi' insiiinlum of >ivil irovcimiunl ilstif, hi^vthcr with th/' 
 duties which it inrohe.s ; and Ihc prucidtnlial pnscriudiun oj (hat 
 wuUr which ve hair the happinens to live from a formidable and 
 wicked conajriranj. 
 
 \. A brief reffrrncc. to the Divine visdom and isondncsa in the 
 institulioii of civil government, and the. duties which il involves.* 
 
 The Irgitiinatoend ofcivil jrovernineat is the preservation and advance- 
 ment of men's eivil interests, iuid the hctter security tif their lives, 
 liherties, nnd pr()j>eily. Without eivil j^oviTimient of some kind, there 
 would he no secuiity ;';^;unst nuitual invasions and injuries; every man 
 mi'jht act as his inten^st or his passions at tlie moment led iiim, and iu> 
 man's property or life would be secure for half an hour ; the posses- 
 sions, liberties and lives of the weak, vv.»uld be at the disposal of the 
 strong; disorder, confusion, misehief'^, mur«lei"s, and feu thousand 
 miseries would overspread th" t^arth, and the human raf-e wouKI hooii 
 bci:onie extinct. So obvious is the necessity ofcivil t'overnment. that we 
 read of no age in which it did not exist. I believe it is cocvul with the 
 
 * Thfi vipws maiiitaiiiPi! in fhr fol'owinsj pngea arp ilio anine that Uic niithor ( xplaiiied anrt 
 ailvncatnd in two pssays wliicli Iv piiblishpn in IKU anil 1m.'IJ. Tlie one wa* pniitled " Ote 
 rUuncf to Civil Gnvemmf.nt and Vrayer for thnnf: in JhUhoritii," and ptihlidlii;d In tin; Christian 
 Ouarilian, Oct. H, IKU. Tliu iilllPi was Headed,--'- Hoik far dnrs it consist with Christian 
 Submisiioii to rndeavour to remedy the evils of a (i'lvrrnment?" publiMtiRd in llie Gunrdiitn, 
 January IH, IfiS'J. Thcsn essays were also ivrittpn nt u time wlipn tliP autlior li If it )iis duty to 
 oppose tliP ti.cix existing iidminiatiaflon in its avownd deterininniioii id maintain the pxcIuhivp 
 HyHtPm in respect to ilio Clerpy Renervcs, (or which li<> received no very mild treatment from 
 many who now advocate, as ho did 'hpii, an ptiniiable mljuftincnt of that (picfitlon. Uiu vlpwa 
 •.vere also, responded to, at that time, by many who have since hoen iinconHcinufily |p(l on from 
 one step to another, unlU they now find themselves involved in the sjnilt and misery of deteclod 
 conRpiracy and defeated rebellion. What were the fci'linj!s oi the amhor at that time, and what 
 the views inculcated by him and liis frii'iids on the pulilic mind in respect to the supreme govern- 
 nicn: of the country, may be inferred from the following patai/raph, which \vas the conclusion 
 of the first of the above mentioned essays;— 
 
 " Bcsiides the above motives to the dlscharRo of this duty, perhaps few Christians on tjia face 
 of the globe have as strong inducements of another kind, a.< those who.se lot is < ist in the territo 
 rif-8 of the liriti-ih Kmpirc. Blest with a Sovereiiin whose warmest desires and eirorts rentre in 
 the comfort and happiness of his people — favoured w ith Counsellors around the Throne who 
 honestly nnd diligently seek the weal of the nation— protected by a form of Gnvernmcnt which 
 4inite8 freedom with energy and respectability, and, though unpretending in all Its detaiU to 
 absolute perfection, yet 
 
 ' With laws and liberties that rise, 
 Man's noblest works beneath the skies'— 
 
 •we cao wllh a willjiiR mind and a fervent spirit pray for our distinguished of nations— 
 
 • O may thy wealth nnd power increase; 
 O may thy people dwell in peace ! 
 Oh thee the Almighty's glory rest, 
 A»^ » ' And all the world in thee be blest." " ' ' 
 
♦ CIVIL government: * 
 
 human ra<;i;. The aMHUuipliiui ilmt wliui i.- cniloil ii "HU\ti.' «>(' iiatiiio" 
 over flitl cxint iit tlio early iigcB of iho vv( rlil, npiaMi-H to Ik; fotnMU'd 
 mt^ri'ly upon conjocluir, nml is, I think, virtually contruiliritMl hy the 
 iMosaic records ihcniselvrs. The .origin of civil |.';ovcrniucnl is, I thiniv, 
 as follows: "At the iK'jriuninj;, there wore only the ciiildri'n of one 
 man, livinjj, under tlm care (»t' their flither. These di><|)ersed, and liecanie 
 hcailrj of their own ffiinilies rc^pec lively ; or many f'unilies luighl agree 
 to live under one chiet*, or niake up little poveriuncnts of trilws and 
 clans. Theji tlisp\itcs arose, till one stronger than the rest Buhdued 
 them, and forced them to unite uuiler liiin. Thus nrot>e the large gov- 
 crruiients, which likevvisti contended with each otlier, till at len^'th one 
 of them swallowed up the oilier, and l)ccamc almost univerwil, giving 
 place itself after a time t(» a superior |»ower. fn this way succeeded 
 each other, the em[iiros of the Assyrians, i'ers.ans, (^reciaiiH, and 
 Romans;; out of which last, when oserthrown and broken to pieces, 
 spring the empires and kingdoms at this day subsisting in the world." 
 
 T{y the Apostle PnnI, civil government is said to be "ordained of 
 (iod ;"' by ihi" Apostle IMit, it is cjdied an " f/rJinance of man.'''' In 
 modern language, these ajiparently paradoxical pro{)osilions may l»e 
 expressed thus : " Civil authority or power emanates from God ;" " (^ivil 
 authority or power emanates from the people." Now how contradictory 
 soever ihet^e propositions may ap[)car, and however dilfcrenl the objects 
 ' for which tlicy are avowed and inculcated, riglitly understood, they are 
 both as fully recognized in Gres't Britain as in America ; and may both 
 be held and nuiintained with e(nial i-incerity and truth by a subject of u 
 Monarchy and a citizen of a Republic. 
 
 The insiliuliono^ cW\\ government is of Divine appointment; and 
 therefore in this sense civil authority or power emanates from Goil ; or 
 in the languoge of St. Paul, is " ordained of GodP * But tlie form 
 
 ♦ " Tho Ipftilini} ilocirinf! of Scripture is, that Ou'vernmcnt ix an ordiimncc of Gcxf. It wa» 
 ninnirpstK his will timt men slmulJ live in Kiirioty ; ihisrHiiiint hedoulitcd. Tlte very l;iws ho ha» 
 piven to men preKcnbing their rclniive duties, nsHumu the prnnniieiit eilstence of uncial rela 
 tioiis, and therefore place ihcni under regulation. Vtnwx this fact the Oivine appointmrnt of 
 govrninent flows aa a newpKnry ennsmjueiice. A snciety cnnnol exist wittioiit laws; and it 
 tiiercfuie foIlnvv!< thatHncli lawB must be upheld by enforcement. Hence an ti.ecu.live power in 
 some form mutt arise, to uuard, to jnd((e, to reward, lo punish. For if there were no executorn 
 of laws, the lawH would heiume it dead letter, which would be the same thin); n« liaving no 
 law at all ; and wliere there are nn lawBili«>re ran he noiiocieiy. But we are not \c\\ lo infer- 
 ence, la the lirHi ages of the world, iL''>verniMeiii was paiernul. tlie" power of government w«8 
 vested in parents, by the express appointment of God. Among the Jews, rulers, judgen, king*, 
 were also appointed hy (nid himself; and as lor all other nntiona, liie New Testament expressly 
 declares, thai " the powers wliitli be are ordained ot Ood." The origin of power is not, there- 
 fore, from man, hut irom iSod. U is not left as n matter of choice to men, whether they will 
 submit to be governed or not; it is Ood's appointment that liiey should be tubject to those 
 powerei whom he, in tlie uovernment of the world, has placed over them, in all thinn for which 
 lie ha' iistitiiird government, that is, that it should be " a terror to evil doers, and a pralM to 
 them <r do well." Nor are they at liberty " to resist the power," when employed in aeeom- 
 plishing such IcgiUraate ends of guvcrnmeut; iior lo deny tlie right, nor to refuM llM i 
 
TIIK I.ATK C0NSP1UA(.V. ft 
 
 iinil .fficcifir mirnniznilitn of »'i\il yoviTiiriiPUt, iv Hiiltirrt tri luimnn 
 rt'l^iilatnii, iind tlicrcf'tnv, in llii>» ^<^•n(^', civil autliorily m pow.r msiy Im« 
 sjiii! fo i'iiiaiifil«» lioiii ilic jx'oplo ; nr "m ilic lait|fii«j.^c <,r Si. IVior i.^ an 
 *' ori/in'fiKc of /iitin.''^* In (in :it Hriluiii, MoiMircliy lian oxihlivl iVoiii 
 »iino iniiuomorial, iit nroorilatu'*' with llir scntiincntH ami nrdi'iU wiHlu-H 
 of tli« Nation. Ami ulifc tho ii.-hiiiut rromwpll nitrully «ucr«?c«U'»l U< 
 subvert it, thy Nation noon IP-established i(. Alterwnnls the Biireession 
 was rhai»{];eil, and the present Koyal Family wuh placed upon the 
 Throne by the altuo«l unanirin)us voice of a irrntelul j.eople, and Htill 
 contijiues to hvvay the sceptre of supreme power to the more iinaninioiiH 
 Hafi8faclioji, and in the more unnniinons ami cordial afleelions of the 
 people, than probably any elected Trebitlent of the present or any former 
 age. Thin in civil goveninient, under ilill'erent fonns, botli " ordained of 
 (Jod," ami an " ordinance of man." 
 
 "All power (say.s a late pious nn<l learned Prelate of the Church ol 
 Kngland) is originally and essentially in (jod ; from him it ih>cends to 
 man. Pontius Pilale, about to pawn si.'iitenre upon the itmoeent Jesus, 
 
 t^vcii wth'ii ilipv ii.ivp the pmvi'r in •\i) yo, hy wliicli tin' tiiiprrrni' |)owor infly rentrndi evil, ■ind 
 iiiC()tc(! truili. riiiliiciiui'iU'S!!, ;iiid |it;ii c Kvoiy Kiiprfiiic powir, wi; iliiMtTori t cuiclinli', W 
 iiive»iU'd with full iiml iitiiilii'n.iUli: initlinrity l<i uovi'iii wi-ll: niiil lla ro'cple of uM^ry >iim<' are 
 liMiiiiil, l>y lii.' iMiiitiiilMii i.C (;(i(l. rlii'i ii'iilly niiil ilumktiilly lo sulieiiii to bi; go govitriicd."— 
 tfatfoii's Viculugicat In.^titHlis, \'<il. Ill, pi). 3(14, SO.'i. 
 
 • " AIiIioiirIi povcrnni' fit i'^ enjnlprd hy Coil, U iipiionM to li'! Ifft to nico lo jmic" in wimi 
 roBM its piirpoHcN may. In ((irmlii tiiriiinslniic' x. Iio iii"-t I'lrixiinily uriomplltdn'il Nn tllfccliuii 
 i« givori ijii litis lulijcft ill ilie }3rripiur>n. 1 iii^ pntriiinliul or laiiiily unvpiiii.n itR ul llii' iuohI 
 iiiu'icnt tiiiips, wtro Hdituled wpim naliirc; Imt when two or inni(, tiiiiiilii.'rt wcie .piincd uiidiT 
 ■ iiw liemi, ciihor I'or iiiiitiinl doluiitr, or lor aKViCFi^loii, iln; (;iiv''iiim<'rii wiiHoiii! iiC cIioicp, or it 
 rcHiiltrd rroMi n mitiiiiiNvion i-irt'Ctt'd ly roiupicRt, llerf^ in inRuy rnHos, a '■umjiaft iiii|{lit. iind In 
 w)m« liistanri'H diil, i-iiinp in, tlioiiuh lilircrliij; tii principle from " ilio HorjHl coinpait" of tliport'l 
 ii.al writers: .ind [lii<s iilfirdg tli(- only ralioiiaj way of iiilcrpri'tine tlint r<-al Hoilalconipni-t wliirli 
 liiMoini' rieiirpt! or ollior cxi/ts in all nati'HiM. In all cnsi'H wliirc tlip patiiarrlial i;iu'TiimPnt was 
 to hit raiM-d into it govorniiii'iit coniiDim to ninny tiiniihos, hoiiic conyiilRralile iiiiinlior ci (M^rfioiiit 
 iiiiidt have dutt'rinintul iis form, nml ilify would liavn tlie rijilit u; .'ilaci- it upon jiirli riKi.innuntal 
 piinciplcM HN rntt;lit npuin best, pruviilud ilial siicli princlplcndid not ii.urturc wiili the Hiitio^ iiiud<> 
 obligatory by Cod upon v.yrry gnvoii'liin powor, and with ilie olillgaliniH af 'iii' Hiibject to be 
 covornt'il by Juuiice in nier<'.\ , and to be controlled from liijiinnf.' oiIhts. Drpinlly dt-ar would be 
 tlic rit;ht of tlio coitmiiMiily, litlici en mas.ie, or by tluir nniural lioiids or rcpicccniaiiveB, to 
 nurpo ti|ton a body of laws, wblrli uhould be Ibc r4tiiiidln(,' and p!il'lihli<'d exiiresMidti o!' tlio will of 
 tl'e BUpreinf pownr, that .<o tliti Hov«;roi!;n will on all main (|in'Htioii.H mlL'lit not !)'• snbjrrt to 
 coiiDtniit clisngfs arid the caprice of an individual; and lo obli^); thr »ovori'ii;M, ns tin- roiidilioii 
 of his 'iHicc, to bind Idiufi.'lf to olistTve those fundaimnlal principli.'s ami laws of the Stale by 
 Holoinn oatli, which hni» lieeii the practice ainont; many nutinns. and ('"pccially those of tho 
 Gotliic Slock. It liil >WH from hcnc", iliat whilst lluru is an ordinalioii ot (Jod a:i to govnrniiirnt, 
 prior to the i'Stab!i.>i>nient of all i;'>v<'rinni'nt^<, there is no ordination of n partlriilnr aiiin or men 
 to govern, nor any inveHtmeiii ol' I'utuilieK wi'h licrediiary ntiht. There is no snrh onlinuiion in 
 Scrlpuire, and we know that none takes place by parlicninr reveljition. (;o(i " fetteili up one, 
 and piitteth down anotlier," in virtue of his dominion over all thincJ; but he doe!< thin throuijh 
 mtin theniHulveH, hh his controlled and often iincoiiscioti.i intitriitneniK. IIi;nee by St. I'eter, in 
 eerfect conttisiciicy with St. Paul, tlie existln^r (lo'.eriinieiin of the world nri! called " ordiiiunres 
 of men." — ■'Submit to every ordinance of maw," or to every hiiinan cr'.'ation nrd rotmtitutinn, 
 "fur the l..ord'i Bake, whether To the kins} a.'< ouptiiiio," &c. .\(,'aiii, as tlic wisdom to ijovcrn 
 Witl:. absolute truth and justice. Is not to be presumed to dwell in one man, iiowever virtuous, so, 
 in>thlB state of thiega- the better toseeiire a snlut.iry aiiniini'itration, there would he a riKht to 
 maitH provision for this also, by Councils, Senates, I'arliaments, (.'ones, or similar institiitlon-i. 
 Tested with •uitable powers, to forward, but not to obstruct, the exercise of good government.— 
 And accordingly, we ron trace the rudimentM of the^e in-ititutions in the earliest statres of nioiit 
 regular governments. These and similar nrrnn^'einents, are left to human care, prudence, and 
 pairhitliiii ; and tliey nra In perfect accordance with (lie principles of sovereign right as laid down 
 ji%6er>tur«."— ffat«<>ii'» Theological JnatiUlct, Vol. III. pp. 309-;!ll. 
 
 '"• 1 
 
CIVH. (JOVKHNMKN'I 
 
 I 
 
 was not making a due iiso ofliis power; but even then, that power was 
 by the innocent Josu>'. recognised and allowed : ' Thou couldst have no 
 j)owf'r at all aj^-Jiinst nie, except it were j^iven thee from aliove.' — 
 Accor(!ii\{fly wy our A[»o.s1le wt^ are told, 'There is no power but of 
 God: the jiowers that be— the powers subslstinif — are ordain';;d of God/ 
 So far as relates to tlie difl'erent niodes by which, in dillerent t stitutions, 
 ruler.s become invented with their power^ — so fur government ia, what 
 St. Peter styles ii, ' an ordinance ( i n^.an,' re^nilated by human laws. — 
 But when by rulers becoming so invested, iroverninent commences and is 
 in force, it must be submitteti to ' for the liord's sake ;' not only ihrouj^h 
 fear of i>unishnient, but because God who is the great king over all the 
 earth has commantled us, for the peace of the world and the «;omfort of 
 pociety, to con-'ider our governors as armed with Ids ;>uthority, and to 
 l)e subject to them as to himself. Resistance to them will be accounted 
 lis resistance to him.""* 
 
 if 
 
 Such being the design of civil government, and such its origin and 
 the ground on which it rests, let xis next consider the interests and duties 
 which arise out of its establislunent. It iias In'cn well remarked by Dr. 
 Paley, that " the interest of the whole society is binding upon every 
 part of it. No rule, short of this, wijl provide for the stability of the 
 government, or for tlie peace and safety of social life."! 
 
 The members nf every civil compac;! arc usually divided into two 
 classes — -the rulers and r^ded. Both classes are, or ought to be, equally 
 under the govertvment of law ; both are equally entitled to its protection ; 
 and the law is equally the rule o(" the magistrate's administration and 
 il\e subject's or citizen's obedient:e. Princes, governors, and magis- 
 trates are bomid to extend e(^\l and impartial protection to the lives, 
 liberties, and properties of their subjects and fellow-men. " In a gov- 
 ernment (says President Davies) where wisdom sits -at the helm, and 
 justice, tempered with clemency, holds the balance of retribution, 
 literty and property are secured, — encroaching ambition is checked, — 
 helpless innocence is protected, — and consetjuently peace and happiness 
 diffuse their streams through the land. On the other hand, when the 
 government is entrusted in the hands of tyranny, of luxury, or rashness, 
 there is no security for property, liberty, or life."| If we take the 
 higher ground of the Christian Scriptures, it is undoubtedly the duty of 
 all rulers to maintain the dignity of their office, and render it " a inin- 
 
 ♦ Bishop Home's Sermons, vol. ii. pp. 153, 154. 
 t Moral and Political I'liilosopliy, cJiap. ili. 
 } Works, Vol. I.,p. 2()l, . 
 
THE LATE CONSPIRACV. 7 
 
 ister of Goil Ibr {looil" to the c-oinmunity, by personal example as uoll 
 as by official rvdi'lity. It has i)uk.'ed sonieliiucs hajipenctl, that the offi- 
 cial acts of a nilcr liave presontinl a happy ooiitr:i«t to his jjiivale e\- 
 ariii)lf; Imt, at liCHt, a Sal)l)ath-breal\iii<ir, ilniiikiMi,* immoral, vicious 
 ruler is ;i |)iiiilic (.■iilnmity. Klevatuil like a public pa<!c;u\t, bis coruhicl 
 is visible to all, and iho poison of his example petielratcs far and wide. 
 There is a natural propensity in the human miiul to imitate the conduct 
 and adopt the sentiments of those who are invested with authority. Tlie 
 exain|>le of the ruler, like the impulse of a stone on the yielding surface 
 of a lake, dilfuscs its iniluence around, in concentric and gradually- 
 enlarging circles, to an ;.\tcnl the eye can neither trace nor limit. 
 Reason tea'ilies that a man who vvouUl goNcrn others ought to govern 
 himself. If a ruler's own example leach rebellion against the laws of 
 God, how can he expect obeilience from others to the hiws of rnjMi l 
 His own example becomes a {)assport to the lawless and ilisol)edient. 
 Truly is it therefore observed, in the Homily of ihe Church of England 
 against wilful lebellion — •' In GoiVs Word rulers must leorn how to 
 obey G(hI and govern men : f in God's Word subjects nuir-t learn both 
 obedience to God and their rulers^" 
 
 * "In mngistrntes (Iriiiikcniif^n cansctli rnitlty insunil nCjiisiicp, ns thai wise philivoplict 
 r'lato pcrceiveil ri^Ul well, vvliCU lie aftiiim.il lli.'it a ilruiikiii iiihii liatli ii tyraliunus li(;nil, and 
 will rule at Ills plifitiijro, coutrarj' to riahl and rt'asnii. And n rialiily drdiikt.'iiinTS inakolh nuii 
 Ibrfii't both law mid Ofiiiitv, wliicti caused King Soluii.rn sd siriclly to cliaui! that no wint; 
 tOioiild l)i; filvtii unto riihiis, l(>st pciadvanliiri,- by drinkiiiji llicy l'or(:('l what the law aiijiouitinti 
 them, and so ohango thi; jiidsinont oC all tliiMriiildion ni ilu p.jor. Tli'.'nifoio, ainonu all Forts 
 of inuii, uxci'ssivc: drinkini; iii iMo-<t intolcrablu in ii inaj^i.-sUalc, or man ol' anihorily, im rialo 
 haiil) : lor a drnnkard kni'W(^tli not wlicrn lit is hiniscit". If then a man of.iniliorily shonM bi- 
 a druiikard, ahu< I how miiihi lie bu u guide unto oilifr ii:<mi, -t.i'nlin:.' in ini'd of it goviriioi 
 liimself." — Dovnhj of thv Cliiirch vf Kngrtand agin'ust (r!i(ttunii>/ mid I'lruiiliinacss. 
 
 t"The duties of the ».>v('rei;!n powi, wlnitevor its form may br, ure, Mic cnnctnietit or 
 just and eipial laws; the impartial oxcciition of those hw.a in iniioy: tlio (.'ncourageinoni of 
 religion, morality, learning, and iintiistry ; the protection i:nd .suritetianix- of the poor and helpUws ; 
 llie maintenance of <loin('slic. pencoand peace with all nations; the faithful nbscrvaiiie of all 
 treaties; an incessant application to the raiew of j,'overninent, without e.xactinK nior« Iribiiie 
 from the {teoplc than is necessary for the real wants of the slate, and the honourable inainlcii- 
 uiice of its oliicors ; the appointtncnt of inferior niagiatrutcs of probity and fitness, with a diligent 
 and strict ovcrsi;alit ot them." 
 
 " All these Dbligations are either plainly expressed, or are to be inferred from such passages u,4 
 the fnllowin)j; ''The (iod of Israel said, the Rock ol Nrael spake to me, lie thai ruleUi over 
 men must be just, ruling in the tear of God ; and he shall be as the lii.|it of the morning when 
 the sun riseth, even a morning without clouds, as the lender grass springing; nut of the earth by 
 clear shining after ruin ;" images which join to the attribnie of justic<; a coiistniit and dilfu ivc 
 beneficence. " Mercy and truth preserve the king." " Ve shall do no unrighteousness in 
 judpment; thou blialt not respect the person of the poor, nor honour the person of the mighty ; 
 but in riRlit(?out!neFS ihoii shall judge." " IJo that s.iitli unto the wicked, thou art rigliieous." 
 that is, acquits the guilty in judgment, " him s.hall the yieople curse, nations shall abhor liini." — 
 " Moie'.iver thou shall piovideout of all the people able men, such as fear (Jnd ; men of truth, 
 halinr eovetuou^ness . and place sucli over them, aiid lei them judge tho people at all seasons." 
 ■ Him that hatli a liiph look and a proud heart I will not suffer. Mine eyes shall he upon the 
 faithful ill the land, that they may dwell vviih me he that walkeih in a perfect way, he shall 
 serve nio. He that workeih deceit shall not dwell in my house, he that teiieth lies shall not 
 larry Ui my sight." To liicsc and many siniiiar passages in the Old Testament may be added, m 
 so many intimationb of the Dunne will as to uileis, liiose palrioiic and pious practiics of Hucli 
 of Ihe judges and kings of Israel as had the express approbation of God ; for although they may 
 not ap^iiy as particular rules in all cases, they have to all succeeding ages the force of the geie.iral 
 principles which are implied in them. Tiie New Tesiament diteciions, aiiliougli expresseii 
 xeneraily, are eqnally comprehensive; and it is wortl' • of remark, thai whilst they assert fho 
 Divine ordination of " tlic nowers Uiat be, ' ihey explicitly mark out for what (vd.-, they were 
 thuB appointed, and allow, therefore, of no pica of Hivine right in rulers for any tiling contraiv 
 ,, to Ihera."— n-'otMn'* neoifl/rical rnstitvU:,Yo\. 111. pj). 307, ;ioe- 
 
 g JWHMH-l.- |i JJ ii|w 
 
 MiUSSCSSCiSZ^^^ 
 
8 
 
 Ci\ll, CiOVEUNMKM' 
 
 In proceeding lo notice the dutiuri of Mulnniasion and support l<» (lie 
 civil iiiitlioritiert, it may lie pro[)er to juKort, first, to the limits, and, 
 secondly, to the iviiuic of thesf iluties. " J^ct its'," (says llie author of 
 the lioniiiies of tlie Church of I'jiightiid,) " let us believe undoubtedly, 
 goo 1 Christian |)Coi)le, thai we may not obey kings, mnglstrattw, or any 
 others, (though they bo our own fathers),) if they would coniniand us to 
 do anything contrary to CoJ'« commandments. In such a case we 
 ought to say, with the Aj)()stle, ' We must rather obey God than 
 man.' " * The eloi|ucrit and judicious Gisborne thus clearly stales 
 the Scn[ilural doctrine of ihir^ subject; — 
 
 '' The obedience of liie subjoct is immediately due to the existing 
 Coveriiment in consi?quence of its possessing the delegated authority of 
 the Slate. It isnot, hovvevcM', an obedience without limit : it is not due 
 in any case in which it would be a breach of duly to God ; and, in 
 nddiiiou to that restriction, it is not due in any instance or degree in 
 whicli the Governors do not possess authority from the State to require 
 it. Tlie propriety of these exceptions is sutliciently apparent. No one 
 would undertnivc to vindicate, by an appeal to human jurisdiction, what 
 would bo rel)ellion against the Soverei^m of the Universe ; nor would 
 any one coiceivr himst'lf bound t<i support his lawful rulers in acts of 
 usurpation. The only concern, then, of the subject in these respects, is, 
 to bt; careful that bis practice correspond with his principles. If he 
 were U* be reijuired to do what he is seriously convinced would be 
 sinful, — to forsake, for example, the ix^ligious worship which he deems 
 most acceptable to his Maker — to concur in illegal acts against a fellow- 
 citizen, — he ought lo remember that neither the command of his su- 
 periors, nor even the unanimous voice of his countiymen, would justify 
 iiis obedience." 
 
 " Under these limitations it is tne duty of every British subject to 
 obey, with punctuality, promptitude, and cheerfulness, the laws of the 
 land which are actually in force, and all public usagc.> admitted to have 
 the obligatory powiM- of laws. Reason inculcates this duty as the result 
 of his own positive engagement ; and her dictates are expressly sup- 
 ported and strengthened by Christianity. 
 
 " The Christian Scriptures do not enjoin their followers to adopt any 
 particular form of Government in preference to another : they do not 
 professedly define what circumstances constitute any one a lawful 
 (Jovcmor, nor to what extent a lawful Governor has a right to require* 
 
 * Iloiui'y uu OuiHiivuce. 
 
THE L\TE CONSPIUACV. 
 
 the obedience of his 8iil)jecls. Thc^e were points riltoj^other foreign to 
 Ihi! vievvd an < ohjecls ol" tlie Kacied writers, who leave Ihetn to he 
 (lecideil — the llrat by the voUintary choice of diflerenl nations ; the 
 second ])y the rules of natural justice ; the last by the general principles 
 of n)orality and tlie laws of each j)articular state. * E it in every 
 country, as soon as those fundamental point:^ are adjusted, "'hristianity 
 interposes her sanctions, and pronounces it to be the duty of ever)' man 
 to obey the lawful commands, and to respect the persons, and pray for 
 the welfare, of the magistrates of the community to which lie belongs. 
 ' Submit yourself for the Lord's sake,' sayeth St. Peter, ' to every 
 ordinance of man' — (to every person whom men -have invested nitii 
 any degree of lawful authority over you) — ' whedier it be to the King 
 as supreme, or unto Governors,' (all subordinate IMagistnitcs) ' as unto 
 them thai are sent by him for the punishment of evil dtxjrs, and the 
 praise of them that do well.' 1 Pet. ii. 13. Those \\ho are thus 
 ordained by men to execute the functions of Governors' are to be obej'ed 
 ' for conscience sake ;' and therefoie are said by St. Paul to be ordmned 
 of God. ' There is no power but of God ;' every form of la\\;ful 
 government and magistracy is sanctioned by the Almighty: ' the powers 
 that be are ordained of God;' even t!ie idolatrous and jjcrsecuting Roman 
 power had authority from God to exact obedience from those to whom 
 the Apostle wrote, because their several counti-ies had faithfully and 
 repeatedly engaged to render it ; whence St. Paul infers, that ' whoever 
 resisteth the power,' — whoever vvithlioKIs just obedience from his lawful 
 rulers. — 'resisteth the ordinance of God; and they that resist shall 
 receive to themselves condemnation.' " f 
 
 I : 
 
 I ; 
 
 ' , 
 
 " The principle to be collected from the texts above cited" (says 
 Binhop Home) " is plainly this ; that the 'aw of God enjoins obedience 
 to every government setded according to the constitution of the country 
 in which it subsists ; and that, even though the governor should be 
 elected by the people ; as in lesser matters, a man is free to choose that 
 master into whose service he will en*er j but when he is once entered, 
 the Scriptures press upon him from thenceforih the several duties which 
 a servant owes to his master. The members, of a corporation choose 
 one from among themselves for their annual Magi-:trate ; but when he 
 IS chosen, they are bound to show him tlie respect and obedience whicli 
 are due to his office, while he continues in it. Obedience, in short, is 
 enjoined to the Civil Magistrate, under whatever form of goViirnment vve 
 
 * Wat80»r« Institutes, Vol Id. p 311, 
 
 t Gisborne'i Duties of Mew, Vol. I. jip 7G-fc'l 
 
 ^?, i 
 
 \ 
 
 *f:J^ 
 
 w^stoiovmMm -'fa'.TnnTiii'iartiiHfei 
 
 r 
 
 ■r icii'iiifiiMiiirv 
 
10 
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT 
 
 may 'inppeii to live ; nor Joes that obedience ex Iciul to the rclimiulsiiing 
 Ihoac rights which the citizen may legally claim. St. Paul himself, at 
 Philippi, ictuses to comply with the directions intimated by the Magis- 
 trates, unless tlie Magistratej* them elves will malce hhn amends for the 
 illegality of their proceedings in f.tmivhing him uncondenned j of the 
 Centurion who wnn stanTliny; near, wlicn he way about to he Sfoiirp;ed, 
 h? demanded the privilege due to a Roman citizen ; and when Festus 
 proposed his trial to be held at JeruEalem, the Apostle boldly made hits 
 apjjeal to Caesar, as every Roman citizen had a ri-jln to <lo. These 
 claims of civil privileges do not indicate imconditional t^ubmission to 
 power dlegally exercised, but refer us, for the practice of our duty iit 
 particular cases, to the laws and constitution of our country." * 
 
 Recent and passini; occurrences, and t!ie present occasion, ought to 
 remind us of the several duties which devolve upon us as subjects of 
 government — especially of a free and enlightened one. It is possible 
 tliat exception may Ix^ taken by some to my judgment on this suhjert, as 
 well as to the authority of tlie Dignitaries wliom I have already quoted. 
 I will, therefore, exj)res8 the advices 1 deem it my duty to offer, in the 
 language of a Divine whose name chall(;ngeg the liighest human sanction 
 — a Divine ^vhose unrivalled [)ovvers were scripturally employed, at one 
 time, in resisting the arbitrary and unconstitutional encroachments of the 
 capricious Charles the Firut, and were afterwards, upon the same groimds, 
 employed with equal energy in resisting the usurpations of the unprin- 
 
 • Sermon*, fo/. fll. pp. 113, lie.—Both the right and duty of cxarcisiiia Uie privilOKPs 
 recoKiiir.eil and secured by law, iinrt on some ocrtiHions, of even lawfully and coiistliutioiiully 
 rGsistine ihe measures of u governmciit, arc thus forcibly stated by ilic eloqtmiit Waison : " 'J'lic 
 i«wtutncs8, nay, even duly of it viust often be nlloweii ; but luiiier certain quniifying eiiriini- 
 stanres. As, I. That this icsistancu of oppposiiit! and iiiculp(ttin>; opinion Ih nut directed against 
 the government, na such, however strict, proviiled it be just aiid iuiiianiat. C. That it is not 
 pfimonal againsi the sup erne niagiKtraie hiinHelf, or bts delegated uutboriiiuR, bin relates to public 
 acts only. 3. That it sprir.sa r'U fioni mere theoretical prefenMu-.e oi' some new form of govcru- 
 roent to that actually exiatiiig, so that it hw/t in it nothing piaetical. 4. 1'liai it proceeds not 
 from a b ibty, prejudiced, or inaligtiani interpr/iatiou of the character, desicins, ami ncin of r 
 Rovernm'ol. 5. That it is not factimiB; ihat is, not the result of att;ichn\eiif to parties, n>id of 
 xeal to eh.cl mere parly objects, instend of the penetal good. 0. That it doea not respect ihe 
 interests of a few oiny, or of a part of the Community, in the mere local interests of some places 
 in opiwsition to the just in(er»j«t.-i of other places. Under such <>iiurds as these, the rcs()eclful, 
 but firm expression of opinion, by i-peecii, writine, petition, or rcnionsirance, is nut only lawful, 
 but Is often an imperative duty, a duty for which Iiarnids even must be run by those who 
 endeavour to lead up public <ipinion lo place itself against real encr(iachmenti> upon the funda- 
 mental laws of a Stale, or any serious ii.>nladiniiiistration of its aifairs. The same conclusion 
 may be tnaintained under similar reserves, when the object is to improve a deficient and inade- 
 quate Btate of the bupreme government n is indeed especially requisite here, that the case 
 ■notild be a clear one , that it should be felt to lu so by the great iiiassof liiose who with any 
 propriety can be called the public ; that ii should not be urged Ijr yond the necessity of the case; 
 th..: the discussion of it should be ioiiiperate , that the change .should be directly connected with 
 an obvious public good, not oiherwis«> tc be accomplished. When these circumstances meet, 
 there is manifestly no oppos.itinn to (joveinrncni as an otdinanre of God ; noblanieablc resistance 
 "to the {'owerstha! be," since it is only proposed to place them in circumstances the more 
 efliictually to fulfil tl'.e duties of their office ; nothim; contrary, in fact, to the original compact, 
 ihe object of which was the public benefit, by rendcrinp its government as etficieni lo promote 
 the Rood of the State as possible, and w^jich therefore necessarily .supposed a liability lo future 
 mclilitjitionB, when the fairly collected public sentiment, ihrougli the organs by which it usually 
 cxpres*-w ittself as to the public weal, requited iV'~Thr.ologUal InstititUs, Vol. IH. pp. 311, 312. 
 
 ■l^fefty *••».■" 
 
rnv i,ATr. «;oNS"iRAcr. 
 
 U 
 
 (•■'plod Cromwell — a Pivshyiiiiifui Dissenter, whose praise is, and has 
 been forages, in nil the Churi;hes. I need s-carcely flay, 1 refer to the 
 Rev. RicjrAXO IJaxtkr, hci;t aMowii as the irnn^ortal author of the 
 Reformed Paslor, nnd Uic Si/infs Everlusiinir Rest. The following 
 are a few of his advices, the corrertness and importance of which will 
 more than justify niy inlrodiicing thorn ut aome length. 
 
 1. " Be^in with an absolute, v livenml, resolved obedieacr; to God, 
 youf Cro!itor and Rt dceiner, who is your sovereign King and will be 
 your fmal righteous Judge. As he who is no loyal subject to the King 
 (;an never well obey his officers, so he that subjecteth not his soul 
 to the original power of the Creator can never well obey the derivative 
 power of earthly governors. Whatever Satan and his servants may 
 say, and however some hypocrites may contradict in their practices 
 the religion which they ])rofess, yet nothing is more certain, than that 
 the moc^t serious, godly Christians are ilie best sul)ject3 upon earth, — as 
 their principles themselves will demonstrate." 
 
 2. ^' Lot no vices of the person cause you to forget the dignity of his 
 office. The authority of a sinful ruler is of God, and must accordingly 
 be obeyed. Tiiose sins wliich will damn a man's soul, and deprive him 
 of Heaven, will not depiive him of his kingdom or authority, nor dis- 
 oblige the subjects from their obedience. An infuiel or an ungodly 
 Christian (that is, a hypocrite,) is capable of being a ruler, as well as 
 being a parent, husband, master ; and the Apostle hath taught all, as 
 well as servartts, their duly to such. (1 Pel. ii. IS -21.) Thoxigh it be 
 a rare mercy to have godly rulers, and a great judgment to have ungodly 
 ones, it is such as must be borne." 
 
 3. " Do not either proclaim or aggravate the vices of your rulers to 
 the' ' dishonour ; for this honour is necessary to the public good. If 
 they have not care of their own honour, yet their subjects nuist have a 
 care of it. If once they be dishonoured, they will the more easily be 
 contemned, hated, and disobeyed. Therefore the dishonouring of the 
 rulers tendeth to the dissolution of the government and ruin of the 
 commonwealth," 
 
 4. 
 
 Subdue your passions, that no injuries whicli you may sufi'er by 
 rulers may disturb your reason, and make you dishonour them by way 
 of revenge. If you may not revenge yourselves on private men, much 
 less on magistrates ; and the tongue may be an unjust revenger as well 
 as the hand. Passions will provoke you to tell all men, 'thus, and 
 thus I was used,' and to persuade you that it is not sin to tell the truth 
 
 %^:^^ 
 
 Iii<8?li1^»i r 
 
 ;!►- 
 
 
13 
 
 civil. UOX fclHNMENT 
 
 of vvliat you sufTiMvd ; biil remember, that the puhlic {.'ootl is of greater 
 valiu; than llio rigluiii^ of ji pei-sdnal insuil ur injmy. Many n dis- 
 conteiiteil f>c)rioii halli s<'t kingiioins on fire l»y proclaiming tlie faults oi' 
 govcrnoirt for llie riijhlitig of lliemBclvesi." 
 
 5. " Wish not evil^o your governors in your secret tliovi{;ht,s ; but if 
 any such fault woiihl enter into yt)ur hearts, reject it with abliorrence. 
 * Curse not the king, no, not in tiiy thoii|i;hts ; curse not the rich in tliy 
 bedi'hamber ; for a t'ird of the air shall carry the voice, and that vvliicli 
 hath vviii<j:s tihall tell the uialttn.' A feverish misguided 5^fcal for reli- 
 gion, and a pas>iionatc discontent for personal injuries, do make many 
 greatly guilty in this pnint. They cherish such thonghts as are pleasing 
 to them, though tliey dare !iut utter them in words. And he that daro 
 wish hurt, is in danger of being drawn by temptation to do hurt." 
 
 C. " i\l)hor the popular sjiirit of envy, which makcth tlic poor, for 
 the must part, think odiously of the rich and their Miperiors; because 
 they have that which tliey would rather have tlicmselves. I have long 
 ribser\Td it, that the laboming people arc very apt to .«peak of the rich 
 as sober men speak of drunkards, — as if their very estates and dignity 
 were a vice ; when yet they tiiemselves would be as rich and gi-eat if 
 they knew how to attain it. They think they are the maintainors of 
 the commonwealth, and the rich arc the caterpillars of it, that live upon 
 their labours, like drones in tlie hive, or mice and Acrmin that cat the 
 honey which the poor laiiouvir:^ Ix-c^ have long lieen gathering. For 
 they are unaf^qiiainted with the labours and i ares of tJieir govemoi's, and 
 sensible only of their own. This envious spirit exceedingly disposeth 
 the labouring people to discontents, and tumults, and rebellions ; but it 
 is not of God." \ 
 
 7. " Keep no company with envious murmurers at government ; for 
 their words fret like a canker, and their sin is of an inlecting kind. 
 What a multitude were drawn into the rebellion of Corah, who, no 
 doubt, were provoked by the leaders' discontented words ! It seemeth 
 they were for popularity — ' Ye take too much upon you, seeing all the 
 congregation are holy, every one of them, and the Lord is among them ; 
 wherefore then lift you up yourselves above the congregatior V What 
 confidence and what fair pretences are here ! — so probable and plausible 
 to the people that it is no wontier that multitudes were carried to rebel- 
 lion by it: though God disowned them by a dreadful *5udgment.i, and 
 showed who wen? the rightful governors of the people." 
 
 '1^' 
 
•I'ln^ I.,\'IT. CdNSI'IRACV 
 
 13 
 
 S. " Pray constimlly and lioartlly Tor tho spiritual an 1 cnrnorcal wel- 
 fare of yonr govi'mors. AtuI you have reason to boliovr' tint (Jo*l who 
 hath coiniiinndoil you to put tip such priyc--*, will not nifltT ihom o be 
 wholly lost, hut will ;insui'r lln'ui t^onie way to the benelitoi' them that 
 iitrforin the liuty. And tho vrry porlormanci^ of it will do U8 nriuch goo<l 
 oC iti^el (■ ; for it vvill kcop the lieart well disposed to o;ir governors, and 
 keep out all yinful dohires of their hurt ; or control them and oaft them out, 
 if they come in: Prayer is tlio exercise of love and trood desire; and 
 <!xcreise inrreasoth and oonrirnieth hihits. If any ill wishes ac;;ilnst 
 your rulers should ste;il into your miml.-t, the nuxt time you pray for 
 them, conscienee will accuse you of hypocrisy, and cither the «infnl 
 desires will corrupt or cud your prayers, or else your prayers will cast 
 out those ill desires. Certainly tho i'aithfid fervent prayers of thcngliteous 
 do prevail much with God ; and tliin<rs would go better than they do in 
 the woild, if we prayed for rulers as heartily as wo ought." 
 
 9. " When you are tempted t'o dishonourable thoughts of your gover- 
 nors, look over the face of all llu? enrUi, and comprae yo\)r case with 
 the nations of the world; and then your uun-muvings may lie turned into 
 thankfulnetJS for so greai, a. mercy. What cause hath (lod to dillerenco 
 us from oihor nations, and *!,ivv; us any more than an eipial proportion of 
 mercy to tho rest of the worlil ? How happy were th(^ world, if it were 
 so with all nations, as it is with us! ilemember how unthankfulness 
 forfeiteth our happiness.*' 
 
 10. " Think not that any change of the lonu of government, would 
 cure that wliich is caused by men''s sins in general, or the cemmon depra- 
 vity of hunmn nature. Some think they can contrive such forms of gov- 
 ernment, as that rulers sliall Ix; able to do no hurt ; but either they will 
 disal)lc them to do good, or else their engine is but glass, and will fail 
 or break when it comes to execution. Men that are themselves so bad 
 and unhumbled, as not to know how bad they are, and how bad mankind 
 is, are still layiiig the blame upon the form of government wlicn any thing 
 
 • is amiss, antl think by a change to find a cure. As if when an anny is 
 infected with the plague, or composed of cowards, the change of the Gen- 
 eral, or form cf government, would prove a cure. But if a monarchy 
 he iaulty, in an aristocracy you will but have many faulty governors for 
 one; and in a democracy, a multitude of tyrants." 
 
 11. *' Take heed of mistaking the nature of tliat liberty of the jieople, 
 which i.s truly valuable and desira})ie, and of contending for an undesira- 
 ble liberty in its stead. It is desirable to have liberty to do good, and to 
 
 X. 
 
 
14. 
 
 CIVIL liUVERNMENi: 
 
 I ' 
 
 [)ossci!^; our own, nml enjoy (Joil's mercies, ;uid live in peace ; but it is 
 not tli'sirahle to have liln'rly lo ^in, nnd nlr,ii:c one anolhcr, and hinder 
 the prorfix""!., iuitl rontoniM onr (jovornors. Some mistake liltfity for g(>veni- 
 nx'nl itscH'; anil some ini;*t'.ike lil)ert,y for rni oxrinplion from govern- 
 ment, and think tlicy nre inos^l feoc, \\\um ijiey arc most intgoverned, 
 and may do wlial they list ; hut this is a misery, nnd not a piercy, and 
 therefore was never piirrhabcd for us by Chvist. 
 
 12. "He ready to your power to defend your Governors against all 
 Treasons, Conspiracies, and Rebellions. For this is a great part of tlie 
 duty of your relation. The wisdom and goodness necessary to govorn- 
 menl is much personal in the Governors themselves ; but the strength 
 (w!tho\U uhicii laws carmol be executed, nor liie i^oople pri>served) is 
 in the pe(>[>le. Therefore, if yo\i vvitlulraw your helj) in lime of need, 
 you desert and betray your rulers, whom you should defend, 
 
 13. "Murmur not at the payment of those necessary tribiitcf?, by 
 wliich the common safety must be preserved. Sordid covetonsness 
 bath Ikhmi l)u' ruin of many a C(Mnmonwcal(li. When every one is 
 sliifling for himself, and saving his o^vn, and murmuring at the charge 
 hy vs'hich their safely must be dcft-nded, — this selfishness is the most 
 pcrnif'ious enemy to the government and the common good. Tiibwte 
 and iionour must be paid to whom it doth belong. For 'they are God's 
 Ministers, attending ctuitinually on this vcrj- thing.' And none of your 
 goods or cabins will be saved, if by your covetonsness the ship yhould 
 perish."* 
 
 IT. ]jct us now proceed to consider the vricked and fcrmidable con- 
 spiracy from wlikk ive have escaped, nnd mark the siijr-ns and tokens 
 of providcnthd Interjumtion in our deliverance. 
 
 To attribute everj' trifling occurrence that happens to such a special 
 interposition of Providence as excludes or controls the agency of natural 
 causes, would lie levity. Every object in nature, from an atom to the 
 universe, isimder the control of certain, uniform, fixed laws, comn only 
 called Ihe /r/,7",? of nulure, but termed by the Psalmist, " the ordinances 
 of heaven.'''^ There are established courses of administration, and uni- 
 form laws in the government of nVen as well as in the works of nature ; 
 yet these veiy laws of nature arc God lumself in operation — are Divine 
 intelligence, will, feeling, wis<loin, benevolence, in action. But there 
 are occasions in which, independent of and above these laws, the operti- 
 
 ; ' * Baxter's Christian Politics, Works, Vol. VI. • ' 
 
THE LATE CONSPIUACV. 
 
 1ft 
 
 It is 
 ii>!or 
 
 tiond of hia power nml (Toodiicss arc ko niaiiilcst, ihnt, thouirli we may 
 not regPid then as ntriclly niiruciilous, reason find ginlitudt dejnand llio 
 ucknowltMlgincnt, tliut it is llie '* Lord's litiings, and it is iiinrvrllniis in our 
 eyes." In sucli in«lai)ccs Ins hnnd is not concealed liy the veil of second 
 caurfca, hut ap|)ears in the majesty of its own righteousness and oniniyiu- 
 tena^, ^juvading or restraining the impulses of his j)ower, workinj; in 
 judgment and merey, prolonginij or shortening; the dispensations of liiw 
 vengeance and eompnssion, Xic'ording to (lie counsels of his own will, 
 and as shall best accomplish the final results of his government over 
 human beings. In the Scripture liistories, the obscurity spread over the 
 workings of Providence is removed, and we are enabled, l)ehind the 
 scenes of natural agencies, to behold tjjo operations of his wisdom and 
 the wonders of his power. There the lights of iicaven — the ehmients 
 of nature — objects animate and inanimate — i)eings visil)lc and in /isible — 
 are seen employed as instruments in accomi>lisliiiiK the purposes of flim 
 who " ruleth in tlio kingdoms of men, and >iiveth tliem to whctmsocver 
 ho pleascth." Thus the stars in their courses fought against Sisenij the 
 Lord thundered upon the Philistines and discomfited them ; he caused 
 the hostf/of Syrians to hear the noise of chariots, anil horses, and a great 
 multitude ; he made the children of Amnion and Moab destroy one 
 another; he smote in thecami)of the Assyrians 185,000 men in one 
 night; under his direction, one chases n thccf^nnd, and two put ten tliou- 
 sand to tbirht ; a striplijig, with nothing more than a sling and pebble, 
 destroys a mighty giant armed from head to foot; the cunning schemes 
 of wordly and treacherous politicians, such as Abimelech and Ahithophel, 
 and many others, are suvidenly Itartk^d and blasted, and the mischief 
 intended falls upon th(; heads of those who intended it ; plots contiive<l in 
 darkness, with all possible caution and scci-ecy, are, by improbable 
 means, and by unaccouuiable accidents, brought to light, and towns, and 
 cities, and provinces, and kingdoms, are delivered from meditated 
 destruction. '* ' ' • ■ 
 
 In such events it becomes us " wisely to consider of his doings^ 
 And if we advert to the tioasonable conspiracy from which we have 
 been delivered — the impori^ince and manner of our deliverance — we 
 cannot but acknowledge, Vith adoring gratitudes, that the Lord still 
 " breaketh the arm of tlie wicked, and weakeneth the strength of the 
 mighty ; disappointeth the devices of tlie crafty, so that their hanils can- 
 not perform their enterprise ; and is known by the judgment that be 
 executeth, when the wicked are snared by the work of their owii 
 hands." 
 
 ■^v* 
 
w^ 
 
 16 
 
 civil. (iaVijftNMENT : 
 
 i> 
 
 Tlie roiispirucy ilsi'lfoxhibit'i Hovcrnl cli:iriictersor»leop uiid ildiljcnitc 
 wicked I iCHs. 
 
 1. II tOds ih dii\cl violalioa of tha avowtdund ofl rcpculedprofca- 
 aioanofUs aulhors. On n tlioiisuiidocciHioiii), niui in u Uuni^iniiil fonus 
 <)f t<pc»'ch, have tlni aiilliois (if tills con.spirticy ili^cluiuicil nny iiitenlion 
 or wIhIi lo sul)»erl llio ost;ii»li;sluiil rhailor of our civil riglilM-r—to llirovv 
 otV' »e t; iv(>rniiiiMit of our rii^liU'ul Suvorciifiv -dr to irivaiK" tlic r'\'/i\ri and 
 propoiiy ofllioir fi'llow su!)j:'r,t-t; aud llit-y and their iidliorent^ have l>eca 
 wont to nlirihute the woi-mI m<»liven to nny one who presumed to ascribe 
 to theni wtii'h ulterior desifrn.^, or dared to iutiniiUe that huc1» results were 
 involved in the jirinciplos tlioy nvowed nnd the measures they advocated. 
 Yet, in Uiofacc of these denials and profussiony, have they plotted treason 
 airain.^t their Sov-'.-reigrj — rebeHio:t a;i:aiiist the laws — ni'uvler nml rohh.-ry 
 against their fellow suhjcots! My brethren, aprut Iroui the inhuinan 
 plot itself and the deception and falsehoo.i by which it was Ciniciailed anil 
 promoted, what wetild bo the »'onHcquence if its authors' own personal 
 example of the crucifixion of truth and veracity were to bt imitated by 
 those whom they would govern ? The very born which cements soci(4y 
 together would be dissolved ; the only foundation of cont'nlence and 
 intcrcour*; I'civveen man and man woulil be destroyed; truii.-attlons of 
 trade and commerce, social compacts and agreements, would be anni- 
 hilated ; social happiness would Ik; banished froiji the commimity ; every 
 mind would become tiio seat of terror and siispensc ; and universal 
 anarchy, desolation, and 1 . ^iry, would ensue. ";'. 
 
 2. T/iii conspiracy involved a violation of Ike Oaik of ^lUcgianct -, 
 in wldch wc (to use the worils of the oath) " do sinckuei.y tromise 
 AND swear" [or alii rm. as the case maybe] "that wk will be 
 
 FAITHFUL, AND HEAR TRUE ALLEGIANCE TO HliR [OU Ills] MAJESTY." 
 
 My frientls, oaths are solemn things, in both a moral aud civil view. 
 We have noihin[; .!iiL';her tu trust to in iiuruan transactions than a man's 
 oath; all le^ral adjudications, which j^overn aud ali'eci every right and 
 interest on this side of the grave, ^cessarily proc(:.ed and depend upon 
 the inviolnblenesa of oaths. Now, the oath of allegiance must mean 
 something ; it cannot leave us at liberty ^o support or oppose the 
 estaHlsheuconstitution, or form of government, accordmg to our fancy 
 or pleasure ; nor to adopt a new form of gov(;rnrnont, and pursue such 
 measures as feelinc; and party may dictate in onler to accomplish our 
 schemes. To say the least, the outh of allegiance involves the four fol- 
 lowing things ; 1. "It excludes all intention to suppoYf the claim or 
 pretensions of any .other per-son or persons to the goveiniticnt tliajt thb 
 
TIIR lATK CONSPIRAfY. 
 
 n 
 
 roigninf^ Suv(»rcign." 2. " Tt oxcludcH tin? design of nliouipUiK^ to sulw 
 vr.n llie authority of the rt:i|.'!»inp Sovcroipn lor any rocmon whatever.'* 
 'i. " It lorbids tlie taking up of urniH n^rainbt the govonunent of the 
 reigning Sovereign, with views of private advanoeincnt, or from any 
 inoiivoa of vHirsonnl rosentmcnl or dislike." * i. It includes a 
 solemn cngagoniont, in the sight of God and man, to support the authority 
 orth(M-ei),fning Sovereign an e;itablished by lav/, boUi hy liiscloHing all 
 conspiracies ajfaimst it, and maintaining it against all iuvaaion'^, whether 
 foreign or domoatic. Such isi tlu; obvious import of '.ho oaih of nllegian(ie. 
 Yet, with this oath upon their hearts, and the tacit, social and moral obliga- 
 tioiiH vvliich rest upon every member of a civil com[m<t, have the authors 
 ol the present conspiracy plottt'd tiie ouhversion of the SoveroitMi power ; 
 and have thorel'ore, to the example and ^miltcf uth»'r crimes, added that 
 of perjury, vshich, in its general conseciuenct;, strikes at the security of 
 reputation, property, and even life itself. 
 
 3. This conspiracy was nt variance mlh every principle, of free and 
 enlightcru:d govcramHnt, — Whntevcr might bo the views of many in- 
 habitants of this IVovince in regard to pariiiiular acts and measures of 
 the present administration, — however earnestly anil generally ihoy might 
 desire the adoption of several remedial measures for the religious, edu- 
 cational, and general in,,irovcr' jnt of the co\mtry, — not even an appeal 
 was ever nriade to them for the avowed purpose of dissolving the i.'xifit- 
 ing connexion between (Canada and (ireat Ikitain ; much less a de- 
 clared deternunatlon for the attjiinment of that object on the part of any 
 portion of our Canadian fellow-Rubjects, notwithstanding the acknow- 
 ledged riyrhtand fully-enjoyed privilege of thclree expression of opiriou, 
 by speech, writing, petition, and renuinstrance, in all their conceivabh? 
 varieties. The avowal of such a project on du? part of its instigators 
 was ^lews to the public, instead of being tlie voice of ihe public. It was 
 the midnight plotting and lawless aggression of a ttw hundred — U'few 
 thousand, at most, by their own showing — against the constitution 
 volimtarily accepted, and die laws voluntarily adopted by the inhabitants 
 of tlie Province; and was, therefore, a conspiracy against the govem- 
 mentoflaw — the safeguard of life, liberty, and propertj- — and a cort- 
 spiracy against the govennnlbnt of the majority ; and, had it been suc- 
 cessful, it would have furnished a precedent for any banditti of adven- 
 turous plunderePB, in all time. to come, and whether consisting of many 
 or few, to invade the peace, property, and lives of the industrious and 
 enterpnsmg inhabitants of the land, as well as to discard, at pleasure, 
 every obligation of truth and morality. 
 
 t> 
 
 'S 
 
IS 
 
 civil, govi!hnmknt: 
 
 I i 
 
 4, ThiH rorispimcy \vo», in il»c Conrih plrHO, </ .vrrrrf pfnt of robbery 
 and murder mrninsi Ihf propcrfy nnd Hvch <tj peiirenfdr liritis/i subjects. 
 By tlio avowHl nf its auUiorrt wo nre nsHured they exjHTtml to pomt'ss 
 thcmHclvcs of properly vvhirh had Imh'u ncfpiirod by tlte pcrwoverinp 
 laboui*» mill ciiitMitriw (»(' oth'Ts. Hito was robbery o|' the blnekcfit 
 rbtiraetci-. Uy ibeir arts, fis well as by the ••orifi'«rtion of rorlain of llie 
 pai'y that bave ktoen ap[.rrbeti(lo(l, wo are wnrrauinl in the l)cliof that 
 the doitninioii <»f at least a number of inilixithinls was intemled. Here 
 was cfiii.se.leRa miirdor,, and with the moHt il<'bl)onili? mnlico of fore- 
 thoii^dit. And upon what grojmd have these deedn of ohnont incredible 
 barbarity Ixien meditated'? Ik-cause wo arc op|)reH^'ively ln^cdl — when 
 taxoH are of nerensiiy levied iiy»on ov<mv eivili/cd roimlry for the main- 
 tenance of the f^osemmcnt, the admini;tration of the laws-, and the 
 defence of the public, niid when our taxes are self-impowid and at leant 
 fifty per cent lennthan those of our American nei|»hbour;? are ! Bei'.ause 
 of our Inwa'i — when every law in tbree in thin country has l)e»!n eitliei- 
 adopted or enacted by the three brunches of Diir own domestic Legisla- 
 •ture, as much as the laws of tl^e Slate of New York have Wen adopted 
 by it>j Let!,i8latiire ! Exrept, ind(^ed, two or three acts rdatinj^ to our 
 coinrTiercial intercourse with other nations — a control which the 
 Atncrican Corif^ress itself possesses and exercises in respect to everj' 
 State in the Union. Was it bec;v\ise we are proscribed or inierfen?d with 
 in our nrligious worship and privileges ? Tiie gloom of such a dark 
 day has passed away ; and however desirous we are of in)()rovcvi regu- 
 l9.tions In matters affecting thv: religious interests of the Province, tlie 
 power to adjust all matters of this kind is not only invested in our own 
 Tjegislaturc, but the adjustiruMit of these matters ior the peace and 
 welfare of the country, has been expressly referred to the Provincial 
 Parliament by the Imperial Government. What then is ihie plot against 
 our lives, and families, atid possessions, but the offspring i.f ambition and 
 cupidity, aided by ignorance — forcibly illustrating the nervous remarks 
 of the Author of the Homilies of the Church of England, that, ''As 
 ambition and desire to be aloft, which is the property of pride, stirreth 
 up men's minds to rebellion, so cometh it of a Luciferian pride and 
 presumption, that a few re1)eHiuus snbje<|te .should set thenifjelves up 
 against the majesty of the prince, agninst the wisdom of the counsellors, 
 and against the power and force of all the faithful stibjocts and people 
 throughout the whole venlm. As for envy, wrath, muixler, and desire of 
 blood, and covetuousnes;* of other men's goods, lands, «md livings, they 
 are the inseparable accidents of all rebels, and pecuKar propcirtiea that 
 do usually stir up wicked men unto rebellion.'* — " TIj© refltlesR tUKibitu>u£ 
 paving once determined by one means or other to achieve tjfekeivJntendei^ 
 
THi: I.ATK CIJNSPIBACY. 
 
 19 
 
 piirpoNC, whftn tlipy canuof by lnwl'ul nrul )ton('oaM»i iin'ann olinth «j'.t 
 hijfh an iIh'v <|o ilcHirf', iliey ruicmp* the hhiuc by for* •• ruul viclt'iiro ; 
 wbcrt'in wIm^ii ili^y rannoi pivvuil ii^fnintd tin* onlinary rxulliority and 
 power o( lawful princi's aiiil uovcnuirH thcm'clvos iiloiir, tlioy tlo pt»t'k 
 th(^ ui<) ruiil liclp {>( tin- i|;tii)niiit luiiltilude, nbuHiii^; tluMii to tlioir own 
 piiiposf." (11) 
 
 T). Our liltli ami Inft remark in, ilnu it wns a. corKpirnry, whicli, had 
 it not l)cen rniwlird in the l)iul, «/«.«/ /i'Ivp infvUahlij involved our cminiry 
 in lilt Ihe knrron of a civil vmr. Of ull warn, ;i war onioni', the siiii- 
 jccts of flio same |.'overmiu'nt, and the inluiMtanlrt of the Hanie country, 
 i-y the n\osl iip]>aUii>;'; in ilrf riiaracter, and the i.iost niinony in itn conw- 
 «]iK'nre,s. It infnK?s ihrouufi lli<; wiiolc niah.s ol winetv the |)uiHon of 
 mutual *lii<lrnst, jeaU)iisy, hatred and ivsentmeiit ; it extends itn withering 
 influence fi> the n'moUvst pnrts of tlui eoinnumi'y, and insinualcs its 
 rorroHive elVe«'l« info all the enjoymenls of life. It arniH nei|^hl)otir 
 tigjiiriBt noi^'hboui , and brother a;j;niMsi. brother; parents against rhlldivn, 
 and children a^'ainsl jjareii's ; and, in iln wide-spread deM'lations, de- 
 laces the beauty, nastes the fVenirth, and d itroys the entire framework 
 of the body ,)olitic, and ♦rniisferms the most verdant and prosperous 
 country into one ^roM\ Aceldnma — the field of blood. lJn<hjr the 
 l)liir,hii{»jr influence of such u war, the arts and sricnres languish, and 
 trade luid conntiercc decline ; the wealth and resourceH of a ptu>ple are 
 coiirtuiucd, and their iiiiEfht and irdluenre amonf; noi^hbouriiif^ powers 
 are loxt ; the regular course of jtistice is ol>strueted, an<l its principle'< 
 arc subvpr'M ; the laws — thost? sacivd fences of society — are thrown 
 down; the avt»mies to fraud, oppression, and rapine, arc opened wide; 
 and that .ndiordi nation among mankind which is of the last conse(|uenro 
 to their happiness, welfare, ami safety, is destroyed. 
 
 Such, my friends, is the threatened calamity — sticli the scenes of 
 blo(>d, and I'esolation, and misery, from which we ha\'e experienced a 
 happy deliverance; — a deliverance marked by the manifest interposition 
 of the Divine hrmd, from t.- iKManning to the end. The time I have 
 already trespassed upon your kind attention admonishes mc 'nst 
 enlargement or even comment on this part of the subject. Nor indeed 
 is either, necessary. TheAfeictj are tnimpet-tongued ; and with the brief 
 mention of theni I vvill content myself on the present occasion. 
 
 The metropolis was defenceless ; — there was not, f believe, an armed 
 man in it. P.very part of it, except the Market-buildings and the 
 .Upper Canada Bank, remained defenceless for more than tvvt^lve hoers 
 after he assembling of the insurgent'* within five miles of it. The 
 iosurgenta amounted to several hundred. The deliberation and counsel 
 
 (11 ;i mmily *gaitut n'Ufut Kebr.llian. 
 
 -.It 
 
'I 
 
 I' ■ 
 
 
 r 
 i 
 
 'I 
 
 20 
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT — THE LATE CONSPIRACY. 
 
 of several weeks, if not months, had familiarised their minds with the 
 enteqwise. They \\ere armed ; they were desperate ; they were confi- 
 dent. Defeat was ruin ; snccess wur power, and plunder, and booty, — 
 How eventful the altoinative ! An attai-k against the city was resolved 
 upon; the hour was fix^a ; the march was commenced; the prospect 
 of sucicss, by the subsequent confession of all parties, was certain. — 
 But there is a God that ruleth over all, and works both with and without 
 die agency of natural causes. — At this critical juncture an important 
 life is taken away ; — the selected leader of the band — a man of 
 cvtraordiriaiy persomd courage and some military experience, — is thrown 
 from his horse a I his netk broken. The plot is discovered to the City ; 
 and tl>e hells ring an alarm. The forces of tlie ins'orgents advance 
 within a mile of llie City, and halt. In the space of five minutes, as 1 
 have been credibly informed, a change is visible in their countenances; 
 ihey pause ; thoy heyitale ; they doubt ; they fear, " where no fear wws;" 
 they fall b.ick ; tb.oy are undone ! Thenceforth common prudence seems 
 to have forsaken them in their counsels, and confusion, and disappoint- 
 ment, ami ruin follow in rapid t-nitrcossion. " There arc. many devives 
 in man^s heart : but the counsel of the Lord, that shall stand.^^ — On 
 the other liiuid, the town soon bmomes a " defenced city" — environed 
 with hearts th.at love their families, their liberties, their country j the 
 winds and the waves aid in the accession of kindred spirits from other 
 parts of the Province; the howling tempests of December are but tlie 
 gentle zephyrs of Midsummer until the coimtry is safe, and " all is 
 WELL !" — " Blessed i)e the Lord, who hath not given us over for a prey 
 unto their teeth. Our soul is escaped as a bird out of the snare of the 
 fowler ; the snare is broken, and we are escaped." * 
 
 Let us then " wisely considei- of his doing ,• " and to Him let us cease- 
 lessly offer the incense of praise and confidence, of love artd ol)edience. 
 
 As to the future, whatever rn?>y be the real or imaginary rumbling in 
 the distant horizon, in the use of the ordinary prudential means, we may 
 say to every timid and agitated Manoah, in the language of his pious and 
 courageous wife — " If the Lord had been pleased to kill us, he would 
 not have showed %is these things.^' f ",Allelujah! Salvation, and 
 glory, and power utito tlic Lord our God ; i^ff 4^ue and righteous are his 
 judgments. Great and marvellous are- thy wo^s, O Lord God Almighty : 
 just and true are thy ways, thou King of J^i^ints ! Blesl^^be the Lord 
 God of Isrjiel, who only do(?th wondrous things ; 'and blessed be his 
 glorious name for ever; and let the whole earth i)^ .filled wtb W^ 
 glory. Amen and Amen !" X \^ ' \ 
 
 ^', 
 
 * Ps9:m cxxiv. 
 
 t JudgC8 ;<iii. 2.1. 
 
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