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1 2 3
1
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6
REVIEW
O F
Lord Bute's Adminiftration.
' ■ ji .
By the Author of < - 1.
» ■
The REVIEW of Mr. PITT's.
i
The Title e/* Favourite, let him be ever fo deferving, has
ahvays ^en odious in England.' '''^^ ^i^^imil0 l:i'.
Guthrie's Peerage.
I«X^K"«S
^
LONDON:
Printed for I. Pridden, in Fleetftreet.
M.DCC.LXIII.
( Price Two Shillings. )
rif
r r
^ The firft fixty pages of this work were
printed off before lord Bute refigned.
■ »
(iii)
TO HIS GRACE
The Duke of DEVONSHIRE,
were
MAY IT PLEASE YOUP. GRACE^
/*"^^"^N every adt which tends to the cx-
-^ S ^ p8{ pofure of oppreffion, we naturally
k,^^jH( turn to thofe who have been the
friends of liberty ; partly to court their appro-
I bation, but chiefly to folicit their patronage.
^ The writer has prcfumed to prefix the name
h of your grace at the head of the following
fheets, becaufc it has long, and often flood,
at the head of thofe brave and immortal peers,
who were the ftaunch fupporters of the illu-
flrious houfe of Hanover.
Bound, therefore, in duty, and in gratitude,
as is every fincere well-wifher to his country,
A 2 who
(iv)
who enjoys the bleflings of libertyj under the
befl of kings, he reveres the name of Cavin-
DiSH, and holds it dear to his bread, as the
infeparable a^ociate of loyalty to his fovcreign :
and is proud to embrace the opportunity of
cxprcffing himfelf.
May it pleafe your Grace,
Your Grace's
Moft obedient humble fervant»
1
Weftminiler,
May i8, 1765.
The A U T H O R.
c«lJ3Q5oo5ao5o(^o5eaJioo5oc^p(^c^
«
«
REVIEW
O F T H E
PRESENT MINISTRY.
')5()S()J("^ S no minifter had ever raifed the glory
of the Britifh name fo high as Mr. Pitt,
nor had exerted every fpring ot national
'vj^wvjx^ ftrength with fuch unanimity and zeal,
-;j!^7RsRJk fo no miniftry had ever fuch a valuable
legacy of honour, power and conqueft bequeathed
them as the prefent, upon his refignation. The fpirit
and indignationof a great and brave people had been
rouzed from a ftate of ftupid lethargy •, had warm-
ed and encreafed, by a chain of the moft glorious
fuccefles that ever adorned the annals of any na-
tion. The foldiers were veterans perhaps the
braved in the world, inured to hardfliip and adlion.
The failors were flufhed with viftory, hardened irt
enterprize, and fearlefs of danger. Trade flourilhed
and encreafed under his protedtion. Riches poured
in from every quarter, and though the national debt
accumulated, yet the fmews of war ftrengthed by
the vaft: encreafe of commerce. Thus there was
no want of money; and his known honefty and in-
tegrity gained him the moft honourable of all ef»
teejn, the Ehi tire confidence of the people.
B
.«
1761 ( 6
When he came into the adminiftration aflfairs were
juft in an oppofite ftate ; yet, to the immortal honour
of himfelf and his country, he lef*- to his fucceflbrs
every advantage that a powerful nation, and a fpirit
in the meridian of its thirft of conqueft, could give;
and they, to the everlafting reproach of their memo-
ries, fufferedthewar to languifh, checked that glow-
ing ardour in the people, by fubterfuge and artifice,
publifhing to the world, and trumpeting by their
cmiflaries in every place of public refort, that we
wereundone by ourfuccejfes', an abfurdity that inftantly
deftroyed that confidence and that unanimity, from
which every public and private advantage had been
derived: and not content with this, they unveiled
what they called our weak ftate, and in all the falfe glare
of exaggeration held it up to the enemy, to inform
him we had neither men nor money to carry on the war.
And to crown the whole, a peace was patched up,
that is, by the nation in general, deemed inadequate,
infecure and diflionourablc-, becaufe it reftores to
the enemy that very power, which will enable him
in a fhort time to difturb our tritHquility. — Thcfe
expreflioiis may perhaps give umbrage to fome of
the tools of power, or thofewho are feeking to ferve
their particular purpofes at the ex pence of their
country •, but let it be remembered, that it is the
birth right of Engiilhmen to fpeak their fentiments
freely on all public meafures, and efpecially thofe
which nearly concern their happinefs, trade and in-
terefts -, or wherefore is this called a land of liberty ?
*' When once we are afraid to fpeak we are no
longer fafe". It is the dodrine of the tories x.oftnk
us to flavery i it is that of the whigs to preferve our
liberties.
Before \ye enter upon the review it is neceflary,
for the fake of truth, to refute fome malicious
falfities, which have been propagated by the hired
advocates of 1
prefent miniitry.
:nown
that
were
up,
cc
C(
cc
cc
( 7 ) 1761
that Mr. Pitt, foon after his refignation, fent a letter
to his friend in the city, containing his motives for
xefigning. This letter was by the ever contemp-
tible writer of the Teft and Auditor, in conjunction
with a tranflator of Horace, turned into verfe, il-
luftrated with notes ; among which is a charge on
Mr. Pitt utterly falfe, and without even the leaft
fhadow of foundation. It is faid that Mr. Pitt
was never in his heart an enemy to penfions ; wit-
nefs a letter ftill in being to a noble duke, foli-
citing his grace's intereft with his late majefty for
a penfion." By the noble duke it is pretty plain
is meant the duke of Newcaftle. Now it is proper,
befides afluring the public, that Mr. Pitt never in
his life time wrote fuch a letter, and confequently
neither the duke of Newcaftle, nor any other noble
duke, could ever have it in their pofleflion ; that
the duke of Newcaftle himfelf, has on all occa-
fions publicly declared, he never had fuch a letter.
After refuting this falfehood in fo full and diredt
manner, will any credit be given to the remaining
flanders of fuch palpable liars ? However, one more
fliall be expofed, becaufe it is of fuch a nature as
the world at prefent knows but little about ; and
what has been publifhed was the fruit of invention,
not a true ftate of the f^6t. After Mr. Pitt and
lord Temple had taken their leaves of the third and
laft council fummoned to deliberate on the conduft
of Spain, the late earl Granville, then lord prefi-
fident, rofe up to fpeak. Upon this occafion thofe
minifterial tools, above refuted, framed a fpeech
out of their own heads, and printed it as the ge-
nuine one of lord Granville's. The world, or ra-
ther the middling part of the world, among whom
only true virtue is ftill to be fcnc^ lead this in-
vented fpeech no doubt with, iftonrihment ; but his
lordftiip, in order to do juftice to himfelf, fevenil
times declared there was not even one '^ '
B
o*
truth
1761 ( 8 )
truth in that fpiirious produftion j that fo far from
its containing any of his fentiments, it was juft
the contrary •, for at that very time he cxprefTed (in
his own nervous and manly eloquence) his very high
opinion of Mr. Pitt's wifdom, penetration, abilities,
honour and integrity ; and in a very particular, and
moll emphatical manner, fpoke of the innumerable
and almoftinfurmountabledifficulties, which Mr. Pitt
and lord Temple had had to ftruggle with. — Hence-
forward let the impartial public be warned not to
give any credit to wricers, whofe known want of
veracity, and whofe plenitude of abufe, are no lefs
ftrong proofs of their wickednefs, than the bafenefs
of their caufe j which, in order to defend, they
i?cgan the political difpute with broaching the moft
infamous falfehoods, and attempting to (lander the
faireft charadlers.
Upon the refignation of Mr. Pitt, lord Egre-
mont was appointed fecretary of ftate. No other
change happened at that inftant, the ftate having
already undergone too violent aconvulfion to with-
ftand another fliock immediately. Lord Temple
refigned a few days after Mr. Pitt ; but it was fome
time before the office of lord privy feal was filled -, at
length the duke of Bedford was appointed. Al-
though lord Egremont fucceeded to Mr. Pitt's of-
fice, yet it was univerfally fuppofed that lord Bute,
at that time the other fecretary of ftate, took the lead
in the adminiftration; which indeed he had intended
and attempted from the very moment the breath
was out of the late king's body. This fuppo-
fition was founded on his fudden elevation from
the domeftic poft of groom of the ftole, and his en-
joyment of an exclufive (hare of the royal favour.
On this i.iUer account the people became inftantly
alarmed. Th': >'€ars of having their youthful fove-
reign engrolU -d, fiT lecthem with horror and appre-
henfion. Monopolit^'-of all kinds, and efpecially
ihole of the royal car, are ever dangerous to the
tran-
* t
* 1
' 1
* ]
<
(
( 9 ) ^ 17^1
trariqulllty of a ftate. The hiftories of all nations,
and particularly of our own, fully prove the afler-
tion. Favourites * have ever been dcftrudive of
both
iir
' '* From fomc unaccountable fatality, it has been a misfor-
tune to mankind, that many of the European princes have
been, for fome centuries, governed by /fjj even the
turbulent fpirit of Henry VIII. was long bound in minifte-
rial fetters. The miferies and miichiefs that Henry the Fourth
of France was involved in, arefuch lefTons of inftrudlion as
fliould be precious to princes. The fame may be faid of the
weaknefa of King James the Firftof England, with regard to
irs fan/ourites. J hey were cotemporary princes ; and both
owed great unhappine/Tes to thofe whom they favoured, even
to the exceffes of unmanly weaknefs ; and they have been even
fufpe£led alfo to owe their deaths to them ; as their fubjedt
refpeAively did many great evils and calamities. Moll Eng-
liihmen have read of Somerfet, the favourite of James the Firlt ;
that he was born in an obfcure corner of the pooreft part of
Great Britain ; that after having acquired a few fafhionable
accomplilhments by travel, he rofe, to the fcandal of the na-
tion, to the moft furprifing height of power, without family
connexions to fupport him. Hts fole recommendation to the
royal favour was derived from his perfon, his air, his mein,
' and infinuating addrefs. Thefe were looked upon, in that
unfortunate reign as fufficient talents to entitle him to the ab-
folute goverment ot three kingdosis. Notwithftanding he was
deftitute of every qualification^ that fo great a degree of power
ftemed to require, he wanted not the art of ufing proper
means to preferve himfelf in it : he was ofHcious in ferving
every body; he difguifed his partiality to his own neceilitous
countrymen. And accordingly we find, that many of the
higheft rank, far from ihewing their difgull at the ftidden
■ clevRtion of thtfa'vourite, fubmiited to bow down in the tem-
' pie of RiniQion, to fupport the weight of their fupine lord,
and prop the Heps and ruining credit of their corrupt patron.
< How oppofite is this to the condufl of Queen Elizabeth ;
' fhe would be miftrefs of her own condufl, as Burleigh found
' to his great trouble, Leiceik;.r to his frequent mortification,
• and Eilex experienced to his ruin : and by afierting her own
^dignity, and maintaining her full authority, (he fecured fo
' much happineis and profperity to her people, while ihe ac-
' quired fo much refped from foreign ftates, that ftie fixed there-
* on her own high felicity in life, and her own immortality of
' renown. With what pleafure do we turn to that ever memo-
' cable page> which difplays the vigilant and aAivc fpirit, the
* com-
y6i
( 10 )
the public interefl and repofe: odious to all honed
rien, becaufe they have rarely hefitated to trample
un the liberties of their country, or to facrifice
public fafety to themaintainance of their power; and
though cringed to by fycophants, are yet even by
them no longrf»refpeded than while they have the
refrejhing fee in their hands to beftow. Was that
xniniftry ever reputed virtuous, or ferviceable
to the flate, which had no friends but thofe it
bought ?
On the third of November the parliament met.
The fupplies,as the reader will fee by the particulars
in thenote,i- confiderably exceeded eighteen millions.
It
It
fe
th
cc
C(
(6
' comprehenfive genius of fecretary Walfingham ) fufficient
* alone to difcover the dangerous defigns of the Spanifh court,
' to diilroy its greateit armaments, to filence the voice of fac^
* tion at home, to extend the Englifh power, and eftablifh its
* glory ! — Elizabeth faw the neceifity of entrufting the care of
* her people, not with fuch of her fervants as her fancy had
' chofen, but fuch as her judgment and experience approved
* of : her councils were guided by Cecil and Walfingham ; and
' the power of her kingdom was tremendoue". Ltttir to a mem-
ber of the HoujeoJ Commons,
^ %y\^^\t.% granted for the fernjice of the year 1762, taken from
the printed book ofaQi of parliaments ^ and examined nvith it.
GRANTS.
For navy fervices in general, including £
70,000 feamcn and 19,061 marines, 4,112,226
~ ' 1,000
6,000
For the chapel at Gofport
For the hoipital at Plymouth -
For hire of tranfports, and viflualling
forces in tranfports — — —
Ordnance land fervice, including laft
year's extra. ■ —
Tovvards difcharging the debt of the
navy — — 1,000,000
For 67,676 land forces, including 4,cc;8
invalids ■■- ■ — 1,629,320
Forces in plantations, Gibraltar, Ame-
rica, Africa, and Bail and Weft Indies 873,780
/.
9
c
o
4,
8
o
o
835,025
642.916
18
18
^ 7
Four
.r"*
I a mtm'
/.
9
o
8
o
o
o
3
8
2
3
o
i8
I
Four
( II ) 1761
It was obferved that, although thcfe words were in-
ferted in the fovereign's fpeech at the opening of
this feflion, " To maintain the utmoft of my power
*' the good faith and honour of my crown by adhering
*■*• firmly to the engagements entred into with my al-
Ues"i yet the treaty with PrufTia was not renewed,
nor
(C
Four regiments on Infh eftablifhinent>
now in North America — —
For an augmentaion of 91370 men —
General and ilaiF officers in Germany, &c.
Embodied militia and Scotch Highlanders
Cloathing of embodied militia
Cloathing and paying of unembodied mi-
Half pay of land officers —
Superanuated and reduced horfe guards
Half pay oiHcers widows married fmce 1 7 1 6
Outpenfioners, Chelfeahofpital — —
For 39,773 men from Hanover, Wolfen-
buttle, Saxa Gotha, Buckeburg, and
employed in Germany — — —
Five battallions ferving in Germany, con-
fifting each of loi hovfe, and 500 foot
For hire of 1,464 horfe, and 2,330 foot,
from Brunfwick — — —
For hire of 2,120 horfe, and 9,900 foot,
from the Landgrave of Heiie CafTel,
with artillery, &c. —
For hire of 1,576 horfe, and 8,800 foot,
additional troops from Hefle CafTel -—
Towards afiifting his Majefty to grant rea-
sonable fuccours in money to theLand-
grave of Hcffe CafTel
Extraoidinsries of the land forces to Nov.
29, 1 761, over and above one million
granted by parliament ■
Forage, bread, &c. and extraordinaries of
the combined army in Germany under
Prince Ferdinand —
Extraordinaries there from Nov, 24, 1761,
to Dec. 24, following — —
For extraordinaries of the war in 1762,
and to ailill the King of Portugal —
To difcharge exchequer bills charged on
this year's aids ■■ —
23,284 o 6
163,711 12 6
72,896 14 z
443,952 10 10
60,706 4 £
20,000 O O
34,383 O O
2,952 »3 4
1,838 o o
»3»740 «9 S
465,638 16 2
25,504 6 8
68,008 9 I
268,360 \% 8
147,071 5 2
— 50,000 ,0 o
-- 1, 353*662 4 I
:,OwO»ooo o o
958,384 o 10
! ;000,000 O O
1,000,000 o o
Te
1761 ( 12 )
nor was the fubfidy granted. How will the moft
knowing advocates of the miniftry vindicate this
proceeding, which has for ever wounded the credit
■..^,:'-- r . ^ •;:■ T, ;, ^ of
To difcharge exchequer bills iflUed in
1761, for Q^vy debt* &c. — .—
iPot civil eftabliftiment of Nova Scotia —
Ditto of;Geor|ia — . — —
For a compeniation to certain provinces
in North America, for levy, cloathing»
and pay of troops raifed there
To Eaft India company in lieu of a
regiment — — —
Towards widening London bridge — -
Towards building a bridge over theTweed
To the Foundling hofpital for main-
tenance of children — —
For Anamaboo, and other forts in Africa
To make good to fmking fund a malt
duty deficiency — —
Ditto deficiency annuity fund, 31 Geo. II.
Ditto annuity fund, i Geo. III. —
Ditto deficiency grants for the year 1 761
To the truilees of the Britifh Mufaeum
For paving ftreets in the out parifhes
Towards printing journals of the houfe of
commons ._ — —
Total fupplies
1,500,000 o o
5,684 I 10
4,057 10 o
— i33»333 6 S
20,0C0
15,000
4,000
4''.752
10
1 3,000
16,540
?2.393
16
9f
103,906
112,613
5
5
2,000
5,000
1,500
18,300,145
9
"si
Befides which a fum of 2,1 14/. was granted to make good a
penfion paid to Mr. Onflow, and a yearly penfion of 3000/.
was granted unto him out of the aggregate fund for his own and
his fons life» free from all taxes, fees, and charges tvhatloever.
The annuities charged 33660. II. on ^a. pw:r buihel mal|,
were this year transferred to the finking fund.
Ways a/ui means /or theytar 1762.
/. s. i,
Bya landtax oF4j./^r/. — -^ 2,000,000 o o
By a malt duty — — _- 750,000 o
By exchequer bills to be current after
March 26, 1763 ,— — 1,500,000 o o
By
\, s.
t
-■
w
a
Q
o
#
I
lO
lO
o
( 13 ) 1761
of Great Britain, with her only natural ally on t\ic
continent. Will they denywith their ufual elFron-
tery, that, to keep the Frulfian minifter here in
countenance, he was amufed from time to time
with promifes of the fubfidy*s being to be grant-
ed ? or will they endeavour to apologize for the
refufal of that fubfidy in the month of April, after
the Pruflian minifter had been kept in fufpence, and
diverted by evafions, and ftrange promifes, for the
v' •;.-.' . , ipace
* •
6 8
o
o
o
10
o
o
o
o
o
o
o o
16 91
o o
5 5
o o
o o
9 5l
By 12 millions capital annuities at 4 /;r
cenf. with an addition of i per cent, per
a»n. for 98 years — 12,000,000 o o
O'Uof the finking fund — —1,009,217 2 8
Surplus repaid out of the civil lift reve-
nues Geo. II. —
Savings on fums formerly granted for un
embodied militia, which was paid for as
embodied — — — 170,000 o
Surplus of 3/ /^r bufhel malt ■ 73*678 o
Vote of credit to be charged on next
year's aids ;-"■:•> 1,000,000 o
— 115,000 o o
Total ways and jneani
o
o
18,617,895 2 8
. ...^r..
s. i.
o o
o 9
o o
By
The furplus of ways and means is applicable to pay the defi-
ciency of the land tax and malt duty 1761, and a difcount al-
lowed to Oflober 20, 1762, on advancing payments on the
above mentioned twelve millions in annuities.
The fund for thofe twelve millions^ charged collaterally on
the finking fund, confifted of certain unappropriated furplufles
of duties upon fpirituous liquors, and alfo of an additional duty
on fpirituous liquors, and on houfes and windows, where the
windows do not exceed fifteen in a houfe.
A new duty was granted alfo on certain law admiilions to
anfwer the additional lalaries to the judges.
Commiifioners were appointed for new paving, cleanfing, and
lighting the ftreets in Weftminfter, with power, under certain
reliidlions, to raife a tax of 1/. 6, like a man of honour, fliouldftand
* to a bargain, though over-reached in the making of it'. If
in the treaty with Pruffia it can be faid, that we were over-
reached
% '•
- \ ( 17 ) 1761
her check to that of Copenhagen, are all objedts of
the highefl importance to us. In a word, (he is in
the North, what France has ever aimed to be in
the South, a p wer of which all other powers are
afraid : confequently (he is, for Englifli intereft, the
bell ally that cah be chofen. She is likewife the
natural ally of England by religion, an obje(ft of
no fmail confequence, if weconfider how powerful-
ly it opperates upon certain minds: yet to the
amazement of mankind, to the difhonour of na-
tional faith, in an age when Britons made fuch a
parade about Britijh interefts and Briti/h prin-
ciples has a fubfidy, of no enormous fum, been
withheld from this ally-, and by feveral a<5l:s of pro-
vocation, contempt, and negle<5t, good grounds
have been furnifhed her, to declare war againft us
whenever fhe pleafes. A ding upon this fyftem,
will any man fay, we (hall be lefs Germanized in
this reign, than during the late ? - ' • -^* ■ '*
As the: right relation of events, are the diP-
tinguilhing, and indeed unerring marks of an au-
thor's, veracity, it is, and ever will be, the writer's
great aim to draw up his narrations from only
fuch materials as he is convinced are ftridly true,
and from fuch authorities and fafts as he has the
greateft reafon to rely on. It is on this principle,
that he undertakes to give an accurate epitome of
the events, which have happened under the pre-
fent adminiftration. The lirft is that of the reduc-
reached, it muft be in that claufe wherein the two kings bound
thcmelves not to make peace without each others confent. A
claufe which Mr. Pittdefigned to erafe, if he had been in power
at the time for renewing the treaty ; not that he had ever met
with any embarraflments from it, (becaufe the king of Pruffia
repofed the moft perfefl confidence in him, and U> far from
hindering his negociations, he had ever done all in his power
to promote them ;) but becaufe it (hould not be, at any time, a
clog on the future meafures, or interefts of his country.
tion
I76I ( 18 )
tion of Martinico j the honour of which has
been mod pitifully, (in order tocourt popularity) af-
cribed to the prefent miniftry ; though nothing is
more true, than that they have not the leaft claim
to any merit in it. The plan was laid down, the
preparations were made, all the officers were ap-
pointed, and EVERY order was given, by Mr.
Pitt. It was immediately after the redudion of
Belleifle, that ^he defign of attacking Martinico
was reiblved u^on. Even the pacific negociation,
during the relidence of M. Bufly in London, did
not in the leaft retard the necelfary preparations,
for commencing the Weft India campaign, in the
proper feafon. Orders were fent to gen. Monck-
ton, at New York, to aflemble a body of troops,
and repair with them t6 Barbadoes, where he would
be joined by a fleet, and a body of troops, from
Europe, to go, under his diredlion, on an expedi-
tion againft the enemy. Orders were likewife
fent to Belleifle to prepare four battalions for em-
barkation. A fleet, with tranfports, were equip-
ped at Portfmouth, and the command given to
admiral Rodney. He was ordered to touch at
Belleifle, and take on board his tranfports, the troops
there ; then proceed to Barbadoes, where he would
be joined by general Monckton, and then to go
with the united force againft Martinico. That
this plan was laid down, and that all thefe orders
were given, by Mr. Pitt, is moft evident from the
jundion of the forces, and the glorious confequence ;
rieither of which could have happened, as admiral
Rodney failed from England almoft immediately
after Mr. Pitt's rcfignation, had not all the or-
ders been freviouJJy given. So that if the prefent
miniftry have any claim to the merit of the reduc-
tion of Martinico, it can be only that o{ permit-
ing admiral Rodney to fail, after he had received
his FINAL orders from Mr. Pitt. The admiral hav-
I
'■''Vt
4"4
iV:.4
mg
lich has
irity) af-
>ching is
ft claim
)wn, the
ivere ap-
by Mr.
diion of
artinico
)ciation,
on, did
irations,
, in the
Vlonck-
troops,
I would
s, from
expedi-
ikewife
for em-
; equip-
iven to
)uch at
i troops
: would
ti to go
That
orders
om the
[uence;
idmiral
;diate]y
the or-
prefent
reduc-
permit-
xeived
al hav-
ing
i
I 9
( 19 ) I76I
ing taken on board the troops at Belletfle, failed
to Barbadoes, where he was joined by general
Monckton, with a body of troops from North
America, agreeable to his expeftation. On the
5th of January, 1762, the fleet, reinforced by the
Ihips on the Weft India ft«tion,confiftirigof 18 fhips
of the line, failed from Barbadoes, with the troops,
amounting in the whole to 1 8 battallions : thefe
were landed on the Ifland of Martinico, with very
little oppofition, on the 16th. They met with
but a trifling refiftance on the different parts of the
ifland as they advanced j fo that in a fevv days it was
irefolved to befiege fort Royal, the capital. For
this purpofe the commanding heights were at-
tach ed, and gained after a fliort difpute. It being
the mild and healthy feafon, when the troops could
96t with vigour and fpirit, their courage and refo-*
lution ftruck a pannic into the enemy, who fled
in confufion from all parts, to their dernier refort.*
Gen. Monckton immediately began to ere£t batte-
ries againft the town, which the governor perceive
ing, fpared him the trouble of employing, by
furrendering, with the garrifon, prifoners of war,
on the 4th of February. The other towns, and the
whole ifland, furrendered likewife without any fur-
ther operations. Thus was this great and valu-
able ifland conquered, with the lofs of only about
400 men, by being vigoroufly attacked in the pro-
per feafon, on the plan and in{lru6tions of a wife and
intrepid minifter. In the mean while commodore
S wanton was detached by admiral Rodney to the
Grenadilloes, Granada, and St. Vincent : all of
which were taken without the lofs of a man.
About the fame time the ifland of St. Lucia, wjiich
is the principal of thofe called the neutral iflands^
and is perhaps one of the fineft Iflands in the Weft
Indies, furrendered at difcredion, to captain Her-
vey. Thefe were the natural confequciices of the
rcdudlion of Martinico.
W now
iy6t ( 22 )
now offered for her gaining fome alTiftance. As
ih€ has ever been noted for intrigue, it will be no
wonder to find this accompiifiied by her ufual ar-
tifice. Her ambaflador was particularly counte-
nanced by M. de Squillacci, who entertained a very
high opinion of his abilities and penetration. The
Frenchman reprefented to him, the ambition of
Great Britain, the defpotifm which (he aimed at,
both on the feas and in America-, and added, that if
the French colonies and iOands continued to fall a
prey, thofe of Spain would alfo in afhorttime, if the
progrefs of the viftor was not foon put a ftop to. In
this manner France firft began to work upon Spain,
even as foon as the catholic king had afcended his
throne. The arguments were no doubt, as French
arguments commonly are, fpecious and plaufible ;
yet the falfe glofs might have been perceived, had
al ittle pains been taken to fearch deeper. How-
ever, the French minifter, with the afliftancc of a
confiderable fum, made an imprelTion on Squil-
lacci, whofe afcendency over his mafter produced
the fame efFe<5t on the royal mind. Thus, by
fal(e infinuations, Spain became alarmed for ihf
fafety of her riches §. Yet, notwithftanding every
effort of French policy, the king of Spain would
not have entered into the war, if Portugal had not
been to him an objed of the higheft importance.
It was his firm intention of feizing Portugal, that
principally induced him to take part with France,
in her rupture with Great Britain : and it was with
ihis view that the family compaft, which had been
negociating at Paris all the fummcr, was at length
ligned at Verfailles, on the 15th of Auguft, by the
Spanilh minifter, the marquisdeGrimaldi, and ratifi-
ed the 8th of September. In con fideration of France
furnifhing Spain with troops, to aflift her in conquer-
ing Portugal i Spain agreed to join France, againft
^ This ta6l is corroborated by lord Briltcl, who in one of
his letters fays, " I have long obferved thcjea/au/y of Spain at
'* the Britilh conquests".
EnglancU
( 23 )
ySi
221
England. This is the plain matter of faft, which
every day's experience Icrvcs but to make more ap-
parent.
Of thefe tranfaftions, together with the intentions
of the courts of France and Spain, Mr. Pitt and
lord Temple were PERFECTLY ACQirAiNTEo; and
PERFECTLY CONVINCED, THAT THEIR INFORMA-
TION WAS RIGHT. But it having been difputed
by the partizans of the prefent miniftry, and by
the minifter himfelf, that they ever had any fuch
information -, and affertcd, that they knew no more
of the defigns of France and Spain, or of the fami-
ly compact, than the reft of his majefty*s council ;
it is neceffary to prove, that they were perfeSlly ac-
quainted. It has never been denied that this alarm-
ing treaty was negociating at Paris all the fummer ;
and can it be imagined, that fo acute, fo well-in-
formed a minifter as Mr. Stanley certainly was^
ihould not tranfmitany intelligence of it ? can it be
denied, that he fent a copy of one of the articles ?
If thofe whotreated the concealment of Mr. Stan-
ley's intelligence with an air of ridicule, will be kind
enough to look back to the papers yet unpublifh-
ed, relative to that negociation, they may perhaps
find what tnuft be convincing. There were parti-
cularly two important pieces of information, rela-
tive to the family compact \ one, it is now known
to feveral noblemen and gentlemen, came from
Mr. Stanley •, the other, the receivers are not. yet at
liberty to declare : but fo well informed were Mr.
Pitt and lord Temple of the hoftile defigns of
Spain, and convinced by her avowing the infolent
memorial delivered by M. Bufly, that, on the
1 8th of September, in a council, compofed of
a felefb number of the cabinet, they gave their
advice in writing -f to recall lord Bristol.
-r- Yet
i" In critical circumftances, and «pon nice points, when there
may be fufpicion of ttiijreprefemaiion, it is ceitainly moft pru-
D 2 deat
jy6x ( 24 )
Yet they did not intend to break with Spain with-
out giving her notice. Nothing is more falfe
than the reports induftrioufly fpread, that they
aimed at rafhly and percipitately plunging their
country into a war, without taking the necefiary
and honourable fteps ulual on fuch occafions •, as
the reader may fee in the note*. They were fatisfi-
ed that Spain intended to break with us as foon as
fhe was prepared, and they were willing to be be-
rure hund with her. Upon their written advice
i
(C
C(
i(
dent for any one to give his advice and opinion in writing :
there is then no fear of injuilice being done in a report ; there
can be no reproach, or cavil raifed, about faying, what aflually
was rot faid. Nor can any falfity whatfoeverbe drawn c ftrained
from it, becaufe being in nvritingf the whole is exaSily preferved
ad perpetuitatem, and an appeal may readily be made to it.
* After the infolent memorial of Franct relative to bpain
had been delivered here by M. Buffy, little Jhort of a decla-
ration of a ivar in rtverjion, and that not at a eRfiancty Mr.
Titt wrote to lord Brifioly ** In cafe, upon entering into a
** ^emonftrance on this affair, you fhall perceive a difpofition in
M. Wall to explain away and difavow the authorization of
Spain to this ofFenflve tranfaftion of France^ and to come to
categorical and faiisfaSlory declarations relatively to the final in-
tentiom of Spain, your excellency will, with readinefs and
your ufual addrefs, adapt yourfelf to fo deiirable a circum-
ftance and will open to the court of Madrid as handfome a
retreat as may be, in cafe you perceive from the Spanijh mi-
** niftcr thit t\i&y Jincerely wifii to find one, and to remove, by
•* an effedual fatisfaSiion, the unfavourable impreflions which
*• this memorial of France has juftly and unavoidably made on
** the mind ot his majefty." Is this the language of a minifter
who is for precipitately entering into a war ? is it not the re-
verfe ? does he not honellly point out the means of avoiding a
war, yet with the dignity and fpirit becoming a great power,
which did not tremble at the haughty menaces of the Spaniard?
The earl of Egremont himlclf, gives telUmony of Mr. P/z/'s
condud in thefe wordG.- " M. IFall rnuit himfelf know that
" there has been a particular delicacy obfcrved, in concerting
'^ our plans for military operations, to avoid carrying holHlities
" towards obicdls, which might give the leall jeabufy or um-
(<
((
((
brageto the court of Spain
■lit.
■ 4 .•
■ A
(c
bein
or
(C
C(
yould be entirely cut off, if the independency
of Portugal wasi not preferved. It is certain, that by
virtue of former treaties,* we are bound to afr
11^ *
4 Treaties which , the world never faw, nor perhaps never
will. . One of thsm is^ing Charles the Second's treaty of mar-
,. riage and alliance. The other is the treaty of confederacy made
I in, the reign of queen Anne. It would w matter of importance
4 to know how far thefe treaties are binding, and what are the fti-
^ pulations, relative to the quantum of {uccqiv? ; befides, it is
^ Wrongly fufpeded* there are other articles^ n(^^q^ worthy of pub-
lic notice. ^'. '
On the 29th of Jannary, fome papers relative to the rupture
with Spain, were laid before both houfes of parliament, and af-
terwards publiihed ; but they appeared fuch a garbled, and mu-
tilated coUeflion, of odds and ends, extradls and pieces, that
inftead of informing the public, they rather feemed to confound
it. The difpute with Spain, on which both the £nglifh and
vlpaniardso^t^f// the rupture in part was founded, had been of fix
years ilanding; and by a negociation, which had been carried oa
all that time, it was endeavoured to be amicably accommo-
dated. Yet not one paper, relative to that /a^p-. negociation ap-
peared ; not one of thofe memorials or papers relating to the
SpaniQi demand of a fifhery on the banks of Newfoundland :
nor any kind of paper or memorial from Spain, nor any anfvver
from£n^land, during -that importafit period, from the accefllon
of the king of Spain, to the latter end of fummer in 1761.
That famous memorial which the court of Spain returned as in-
admifTible, was likewife omitted, though the coiI^V^ftiring it with
M. Buiiy's, cofld not but be a matter of con.,'4ue.ice, as it
might contain fome curious information, and pernaps fome of
the expreflions in it might relate to one of the three points
of the negociation, prizes, iogtvcot/, or the _fij&ery. Nor is there
aline previous to the infolent memorial, which M. BufTy gave
to Mr. Pitt ; nor any intelligence from Paris, where the family
^ compaft of the houfe of Bourbon was negociated and figned by
the marquis de Grimaldi ; and where the meafures to be taken
againft Portugal, were concerted. Several letters and papers
'■ which pafled between the minifters, in 1761, are likewife con-
cealed ; and feveral of thofe which were publiflied, were fo cur-
tiiiled and gabled i as to be in many parts unimeliigible. Mr.
£ ' Pitt
'11
17^2 ( 30 )
fift Portugal ; therefore confident with good faith,'
our court aflured his Portuguefe majefty, of the
fincere fricndfhip and afliftance of England, in the
prelent broHs. But Ofatility ! which like the demon
of deftrudlion is ever big with mifchief, vrcjingfy and
ahne undertook the defence of Portugal; not
only againfl: its open and avowed enemies, but
againft the inclination of infinite numbers of it's
own people, whom the favorite, or the minifter
(call him by which you will) had made fecret wifli-
crs for any change in goverment, to be relieved
from his meafures and monopolies j though other
powers have very great commercial interefts withPor-
tugal, and were, by motives of advantage, as deeply
concerned in the independence of that kingdom as
ourfelves -, and therefore (hould have been brought
to give her their afliftance alfo, in thatftruggle.
Thefe powers are Holland, Sweden, and Denm?rk ;
befides the town of Hamburg, which alone enjoys
as large a fhare of the trade to Portugal, as the
whole kingdom of Great Britain. Thofe who
know any tiling of the Portuguefe trade, know
how deeply interefted thofe powers are in it ; and
will readily perceive the confummate wifdom of our
new guides, who fo eagerly began with bearing the
/o/tfburdenoffupportingthat war; affording at the
lame time an opportunity for other ftates, to run
away with the profit of the trade. It will aftonifh
the honefl'^and upright part of mankind, who are
concerned for the commercial interefts of Britain,
w
Pitt infifted upon all the papers relative to the fix years nego-
ciation : he calle4 for ah. the materials, and all the evidence,
both f om papers and fads, on which his advice had been
founded, but thry zvere pnjlti'vely refujed Had they been brought
to light, it would have appeared, " That a juji and necejjary
** caufe for an immediate rupture with Spain exifted," at the
tune of his reiignatioa.
how
faith,
of the
in the
demon
^/yand
noc
:s, but
of its
ninifter
:t wifh-
elieved
h other
ithPor-
deeply
dom as
)rought
Tuggle.
nmark ;
e enjoys
, as the
ife who
, know
it; and
4 of our
ring the
g at the
, to run
aftonifh
who are
Britain,
.«f*
( Zi) 1762
h *w we could undertake to defend Portugal be-
fore we obtained the afllflance of the other Hates,
who were as highly intcrefted in the prefervation of
that kingdom, as ourfelves. It may be faid that
we alked the affiftance of the Dutch. True, we
did fo. But they refufed to intermeddle. The
king of Portugal likewife demanded fuccours of
them, but they refufed to grant him any. And
with regard to the other powers, there is but too
much reafon to fufjpeft, that no kind of affiftance
was ever requefted of them; fo that we volun-
tarily entered the lifts, declaring, we would da
every one*s duty as well as our own : for if we had
folicited fuch affiftance, and it had been refufed,
would not common fenfc have didlated, fince we
muft be the only fupporters of Portugal, this equi-
table ftipulation, before a man or a horfe had been
ipnt, *' that his Portuguefe majefty fhould deprive
*' fuch ftates ot all commerce with his kingdom •,
•' and, in confideration of Great Britain fingly af-
*• fifting him, the Britifli fubjeds to exclufively
*' enjoy all the benefits of trade". There could
not have appeared any thing unreafonable, or un-
juft in fuch a ftipulation, which we had it in our
power to have impofed ; for furely fmce vfcjtngiy
affifted Portugal, we ought ^ngly to have enjoyed
the benefits of her trade. The flat refufal of the
Dutch, convinced the king of Portugal, that he
had no friend to rely on like England ; and that
refufal ought by all the ties of honour, and a re-
gard for our commercial interefts, to have imme-
diately urged us to the fecuring by treaty^ all fuch
advantages, immunities and privileges as we ought
to have enjoyed, by virtue of former treaties, but
which had been fcandaloufly violated; § or that
we
^ What thefe violations are, it will not be improper to take no-
tice, as thc)' may ferve to fl\cw, in a ftill ftronoer light, if pof-
E z iiblc.
TTe had reaft>n to expcfl, in confid^ration of being
at this critical minute the only defenders of Portu-
gal. Our hatioft owes no kind dt favours to the prc-
fent
Jl
1 1
h ■
if'
■ H
{\hity the actual necefHty there is of having; our privil^gii in
I*ortugaI certainly affix^d» and (ecured from future depredation.
The office of judge conferrator is our ftipuUted rieht (by the
^.th article in Oliver Crom well's treaty, made in 1651) wHoCc
province it is to judge all our caufes ; but with a tieht, hoWev^r,
for either party to appeal to a body df judges, whb are tb givd
the final fentenc^ within four monthr. . Which rule is (q fair
from being obferved, that law-fu'ts may bf kept undetermined
for forty years. The judge confervator i(r liketvife to prote£l the
itibjeAs of Great Britain fro^ widked 6t vex^tioiM infnlts. But
that authority, like every other, is n6w taken from him; and
cAir merchantsyof the iribft refpe£lable figure,are thereby fubje£led
to the infolences of the meaneft fellows in office; for many oJT
them have been carried by fuch, unheard and unexamined, botH
with and without orders, to the newgaites and gatehoufes of the
kingdom ; and outrages have been Committed in their hottfes
and properties ; and they, after having proved their own inno*
cence, and the illegality of the proceeding, could obtain no re.
paration, nor any icind of fatisfaflion. The navigation articles
for America are now become of no account ; our fhips are not al-
lowed, unlefs in the utmoft diftrefs, to go to any of their coIo*'
nies, except Mazagam, and their African iflands. The right
of having houfes of trade in Brazil, and their other fettlements, is
iatirely taken from us. The right of a legal navigation to Por-^
Cugal, and commerce there, with an equitable fecurity of proper^
ty, particularly in perifliable commodities, and fome of them
owing no duties to the king, are ftipulated to be free from all
embarraflments : and yet, in mod of thofe articles, our merchants
are continually troubled with vexatious obAruflions and plun-
derings. All debts owing to our merchants by perfons fe«
queftered by the king, or inquifition, ought to be made good to
the creditors; yet, with regard to the king, it is not, though
with refpeA to the inquifltion it is. It is ftipulated that neither
the king, nor any other power, (hall, by arbitrary proteflions,
guard the effedls of our debtors from legal executions ; yet it ii
very frequently violated. The article forbidding any prote£lion
to our run-away Tailors, on a pretence of changing their re-
ligion, and obliging them to return to their (hips, when de*
manded, is now not at all regarded by the Portuguefe : on the
contrary, they are encouraged, in unre^iouable and infolent pro-
fecutioss
fcftt government oF Portugal-, therefore why fliould
we to be the Qiiixoces of all Europe, cxpendingour
blood and treafure on thole who repay us with oad
nfage ? f The Portuguefe, at this time, were far
from
■ <»■
fecufioAs df di^rr cajJtain's, feduced fVottn their duty, and fupporta
cd in their feriHance ; debauched in infamous houTes, «cheni
they are Encouraged to ruA ifi debt; for the payment of whick
they arc afferwards fold, like cattle, to the Portnguefr and
others. Such praftices are become a tfaffick atLiftom Bf
queen Anna's treaty of coinffierce (wl^ich corrfifts of only twoar«
titles) made iiii 1703, it wras underftood, that vvehad the J«k
ixctkjtve right of fendiiig our woollengoods, on condition of im^
porting Portuguefe wines ihto great Britain ; till dley permitted
the Dutch confuU M. Hefterman, to explain away the treaty in
fkvour of his country ; iipon which Dutch woollen goods wer«
introddiced ; and then the f'rench^ who have no fort of treaty of
commerce with the Pb)i-tUgue&, were admitted to introduce
their woollen manufa£lur£s ; and yet, all this while we import
6ie Portuguefe wines, agreeable to treaty, without enjoying e*ur
full right oh their fide, uottgh we are the only nation that eivoa
them an equivalent. And as to our flag, it has been held in
almoft utter contempt, as every Englifh inhabitant in Portugid
very well knows, who cannot be ignorant of the indignities
which have been frequently offered to it, nor of the particular
refpe^ which has been conitantly paid to that France.
f The following is only one mftance of the ingratitude of
i'ortugal to us, who before delivered her when fhe was in fimilar
circumilances. In the year 1 735, we fent, at our own cxpence,
a fleet of 30 fhips of the line, befides fi^gates, &c. under the
command of Sir John Norris, to fave the Portuguefe from the
power of Spain, then a£lua11y on the point of invading their
kingdom. Our very timely and great fuccour, effefiually pre-
vented that rupture. The fleet lay in the river Tagus two and
twenty months, and coft this nation above a million flerling :
fome fay abovw two millions. This a£l of kindAefs was repaid
with an almod immed'ate prohibition of our leather-trade, in
order to favour a fabric of it that was fet up in that kingdom,
by a hugonot under our protection : and who, without better-
ing him^lf by the projedl, was foon obUged to abandon it to the
natives, who now fuccefsfuUy carry it on : and, by gradually
depriving our merchants there of almoft every valuable privi-
logc which they are entitled to by national treaties.
Th*
»7^« ( 54 )
from being our friends. The generality of the
people did not heartily approve of our interpofing
in their defence v for they looked upon it much in
■.■■■> - . the
vri
>^
The itate of Portugal was thus reprefented by a fenfible writer^ '
who lived many years in that kingdoni» andpublifhed his fenti-
ments time enough for the miniliry to have profited byhis infor-
mation. Alas ! the worft foe of Portueal may be an internal ones
called di{afFe£lion,which may render her dependance precarious
on the very anny ihe employs. A diigufted and diflionoured no-
|>ility» with their numerous adherents : the relations and par-
tizans of the exterminated Jefuits : the kindred and friends of
Che poor people who were executed, or ruined, to the dif^uft of
the whole nation, for a very trivial oiFence at Oporto; with the
almoil univerfal difapprovers of the miniiler, makes the appear-
ance of our undertaking to defend Portugal, to be not only
againft the whole force of Spain, bat agamft a great part of
ber own people. During the laft war which we abetted in that
country, it is well known we loft a vaft abundance of men from
the heat of the climate, from their intemperance with green
wines, from enmities occafioned by their licentioufnefs, par*
ticularly with the women of that kingdom; and from the ab-
horrence of them as heretics ; though our people wereafliduoufly
■proteded by many of the Portuguefe men of faffion, and par-
ticularly by one nobleman of the Tavora family, who learned
and fpoke our language perfeAly well, commanded a Portuguefe
regiment in our pay, and afted fo very honourably with regard
to religion as to be even feized by the inquifition for it ; but hit
quality and connexions were too great for their reftraining him.
Vet, for irregularities and religion, was the animofity of the
people of the country fo great againft our foldiers, that they
lived always in a ftateof war with them, and rarely caught any
of them Uraggling without butchering them without mercy.
What we can conveniently contribute towards ;her afliftance, we
ought from policy ; that policy which binds all other nations as
much to the fame fervice as ourfelves. But can we undertake
fmgly to defend her againft her enemies, perhaps in fome mea-
fure againU herfelf, burthened as we are with our own war, and
fo drained of men as we now find ourfelves ? No honeft or
wife man can be againft our taking our full ihare of this talk up-
on ourfelves ; but furely we ought not lingly to undertake per-
formii^g what is the cominon duty of all. Thofe who are ac-
quainted with the affairs of Portugal very well know, that the
-gold and filvfr brought from her American fettlements do not
annually
( 35 > «7^*
the fame light as we (hould have done, if an^r
foreign po^er had officioufly intruded himfelf, and
inter-
4
annually amount to more in value than about two milHont
fierllng. Of this fnm, Ihe pays away in annual balances we
may Aippofe (even eighths, to Ruflia, Sweden, Poland, Den-
mark, Hamburg and Germany, Holland, Great Britain. France,
Spain, ail Italy, Turkey, Barbary, and Britifli America, the
latter in returns made to England : for to all thefe ihe does pay
balances, and to feveral of them very great ones Her trade
with '.he whole Baltic is almoft entirely againft her: fo is that
wit\ France and Spain ; and they are all to a very confiderable
car^ent. Her ballances paid to Hamburg, Holland, and Italy,
are proportionate to that which (he pays to Great Britain: and
therefore to fuppofe the latter receives from her, for her own
trade and that of America, more than four hundred thoufand
pounds per annum in fpecie, in the ordinary courfe of them,
would be making an eftimate that I am fatisfied muft be erro-
neous. The Britifh trade, on all accounts, is likewife by much
the lead difadvantageous to Portugal, as hath clearly been pro-
ved by many late publications. Should we, therefore, under-
take to fupport Portugal fingly, and the extraordinary charges
, of doing it muft come to three millions fterling per annum, we
(hould thereby fight for her, work for her, and pay for her to
all other nations, who would devide her whole annual returns
from Brafil, and a great deal more from us ; which would be no
other than the deftroying of ourfelves for the doubling of their
advantages. Portugal certainly has it in her power to awe the
flates which ihe trades with into a refolution of aififting of her;
and, befoxe we engage with her too far, it is a power that we
ihould xnfift upon her refolutely exerting. This ihe can do by
the ve>y rates of duties in her cuftom-houfe, and the enter-
ing into fuch a treaty in our favour as ihe will owe to her de-
liverers : for if we do undertake her deliverance and accom-
plifli it, it muft be done with the ftraining of every nerve of our
ftrength : and why we fhould do that without reapitig the full
rewards of our fervice, I call on candour, integrity and truth, to
aiCgn good reafons if they can V
From the following view of the helplefs condition of Portugal,
it will appear, we never had fo fine an opportunity for eftablifh-
ing and fixing, on a fixm bafis^ all our rights, privileges and im-
xnuiiiiies.
Hir
interfered with our dlrifions at the time of the re^
%«lution. trhere is no people who like Another
power fhould intermeddle in their affairs. On the
fcorc
H
It
H:
•* Her revenue was eftiina|e'r
I '/62 ' ( 46 )
proper fcafon, have failed at leaft a month before ;
J "a belides the mildnefs of the feafon, they would
hf . been attended with another important advan-
ta^^, viz. the Spaniards would have been entirely
unprepared for them. This, flender force was 7^^
Keppel, were dircded againft a ftrong fort called
the Moro, which commanded the harbour and
town. On the iucccfs of this fiege, depended the
glory and advantage of the expedition. The ene-
my made a vigorous defence. The governor was
a brave man, and worthy of the important truft re-
pofed in him. Yet he could not witliftand the vi-
gorous aflaults of Bricifh heroifm. From the 2 2d
of June to the 30th of July, an incelTant fire was
prejlerved : nothing was to be feen but fire and
fraoke : nothing to he heard, but the continued
rdar of bombs and cannon. At length, a fmall
breach being made, it was dire<5Hy ordered to be
ftormcd. Near 400 of the enemy were put to the
fword. The governor, Don Lewis de Velafquez,
was flain as he was endeavouring to defend the co-
lours. In lefs than half an hour the place was taken.
The lofs among the Englifh was very confiderable ;
but not fo much owing to the fire of the enemy, as
to a terrible ficknefs, which raged in {o fatal a man-
ner, that when our arms were blefled with fuccefs,
there were only 2500 men left capable of real fer-
vice. On the 1 3th of Augi ft the governor of the
town fur rendered, to the great joy of both foldiers
and failors, who ftood in need of frcfli provifions
and reft, as well as ftielter from the heavy rains.
There were feveral thoufands poor fick wretches,
in the camp and hofpital ftjips, wafting away
for want of nouriflimeint. Befides the town, with
the cannon, ftores, &c. there fell likewife 9 (hips of
the line, 25 loaded merchant ftiips, about three miU
lions of dollars, together with feveral large maga-
zines of merchandize, comprifing in the whole, a
conqacft'of immenfe value. The world is not yet
iiiformed of one half of the difficulties the victors,
had tofurmount, in the moft unhealthy fcafon; nor
of the hard Ihips and fatigues they laboured, and
funk under. None but thofe who have feen the Ha-
G 3 vannah,
li
I'
5
Pi
m
sv-
iy6z ( 48 )
vannah, and know the deftrudive feafons of thor
wellern world, can conceive, or form an idea, of
the fcverc duty and mifenes, which they under-
went, during this long and vigorous ficge, Notliing
but the unconimon fpirit and pcrleverance of the
general officers, ieemcd equal to the taflc. Haci
the 'written ad-vice been followed, the Havannal>
would have been in our poficfTion months before ;,
and above one half of thofe vidims of temerity and
ignorance, would have been alive, to have fhared
in the glories of their country. A minifter, purfu-
ing meafures in the moll timely manner, as Mr.
Pitt always did, has one great part of the merit of
every conqueft and fuccefs during his adminiftra-
tlon, mod juftly afcribed to him : but that (hort
fightcd minifter, who by trifling in a verbal difputCy
fufFers the proper feafon to elapfe, neither ought
nor can claim, any merit in a conqueft:, which it
never entered into his head to make. That to
no minifter, except the late lord Anfon, the merit
or the honour of the reduftion of the Havannah
ought to be afcribed, we may be afTured from
the aflervation of the prefent earl of Hardwick^
who in a great afliembly, in the prefence of the
prime minift:er, declared, that the plan of the ex-
pedition was exclufively lord Anfon*s, and that no
other perfon whatever could derive any merit from
it; therefore let us, added he, do honour to the dead.
The minift:er was filent. . Ceafe now, ye fyco-
phants, to impute, what he could nottaketohimlelf.
Another American wreath, was this year added toi
the minifter's political garland. This was the taking
of Newfoundland ; which his enemies reproached
him with infinuateing there was fome thing of de-
ftgn in the affair ; for which one printer, who inad-
vertently gave thefe hints to the world, received a
private reprimand : and when it was retaken^ his
friends, on the other hand, "were no lefs extrava-
gant.
( 49 ) J7^«
gant, in attribiuing to him, what he was really ir.-
nocent of. The truth will bcft appear from the
honcft narrative. The force in North America
had been for fome time confiderably weakened, by
fending reinforcements to our fleets and armies in
the Weft Indies, which had been for feveral months
the theatre of war. This furniflied to the French,
aprobable appearance of fucceeding in an enterprize
for obtaining a part of the fifhery, || at a more eafy
price than by a purchafe of it in a negociation, by
which they muit facrifice fome equivalent. Ac-
cordingly about the beginning of May, two Ihips
of the line and two frigates, with about 1500 men,
failed from Breft. On the 25th of June they ap-
peared offNewfoundland, where they inftantly land-
ed i and on the 27th the town of St. John's fur-
rendered to them. The garrifon of this town, as
the Paris gazette afterwards informed us, confiift-
ed of only fixty-three men. Surely the minftry
could not be ignorant of the little ftrength there ;
and as Mr. Pitt had propofed to fend a force to the
iQand (for it was never negledted during his admi-
niftration, nor ever once out of his attention) furely
they, who moft complaifantly followed his fteps in
great number of things, could not but think, there
was a reafon for propofmg this meafure alfo : a
reafon, which the negled of it fully fhewed. The
French deftroyed every thing belonging to the
fiftiery ; to the very great injury of private property,
and the ruin of many individuals. When they had
performed whu mifchief they could, they fet about
II Mr. Pittf wiJihis ufual fordlghtand penetration, was appre-
henfjve, when tiie negociation was broke ofF, that the French,
would attempt I'uch an enterprize; therefore he immediately
propofed, the f(;nding four ihips of the line to Newfoundland ;
hut this wife and patriotic intention, which would efFedlualljr
have fru^atied the fcheme of the French, was over ruled.
'-(<,,:1,. :. - repair-
ilj
I '
I
i I
^7^2 C 50 )
repairing the fortifications of the town, becaufc
they intended to hold the place. In a (hort time
advice of this tranfaflion was brought to England,
where the people became exafperated againlt the
miniftry, and the lofs of Newfoundland was com-
pared to that of Minorca. In order to allay thefe
heats, the hired advocates of the miniftry endea-
voured to perfuade the public, ** that Newfound-
** land was a place of little or no confequence,
•' either to the French or Englifh". This dodtrine
fervcd but to enrage, and afford room for the word
fufpicions. In the mean time, general Amherft,
at New York, who commanded in chief in North
America, having heard of the misfortune at New-
foundland, detached his brother, colonel Amherft,
before he received any orders from Europe, with a body
of troops on board fome tramports, for Halifax,
where he was to join lord Colville, who command-
ed, at that time with only one fhip and one frigate,
on the ftation. The jun6licn was happily efFedted;
and they failed for Newfoundland ; where the troops
were landed on the 1 1 th of September near St,
John's. The enemy were inftantly driven from
their out pofts, and compelled, on every fide, to
fly into the town for refuge. The French como-
dore, count de Haufonville, feeing the French
troops could not preferve their footing on the ifland,
took the refolution of abandoning them to the mer-
cy of the Englifti, and fave himfelf, together with his
fhips ; accordingly he took the advantage of the
night, and a very thick fog, to fteal out of the
harbour, and ftiani^fully fly before an inferior force.
Next day, which was the 13th, the town furrcn-
dered, and the garrifon, amounting to 689 men,
were made prifoners of war. From this fhort, but
true account of the fa(^, it is very evident, that the
retaking of Newfoundland, is to be wholly alcribed
to the vigilance of our American officers, and par-
ticularly
cc
I
«(
C (
cc
C(
( 5^ ) 17^2.
ticularly of Sir Jeffery Ahiherfl:, who of his own ac-
cord detached a fufficicnt force for that purpofe.
But as for the faking^ the world is left to judge,
whether it (hould be afcribed to negligence, or any
ether caufe. It was" faid, " the lofs and recovery
** of Newfoundland, have happened under the
prefent adminiftration. The merit of the reco-
very is much weakened by the antecedent lofs.
If any merit be claimed from the recovery, the
world will fufpeft, thai is was loft with a view
" to that merit. It may be molt agreeable to
" truth, to acquit the minifter of both."
We will now quit this American fcene, where we
loft, in one campaign, the lives of 20,000 brave
men, chiefly by an ill-timed, though fuccefsful, ex-
pedition, without having gained, at the end of the
year, one folid advantage ; and turn to an event of
the moft important kind, which, in the meantane,
happened at home.
About the middle of May the time arrived for
unveiling the views of party •, although they had
hitherto been induftrioufly concealed from the pub-.
lie eye, yet it was impoflible to continue them in
that ftate of painful fecrccy ; for, while they were fo,
arpbition was not gratitied. For a confiderablc
time a new bottom had been forming. A num-
ber of peers were created, § which, in fome meafure,
v.- r t3..-:,,;.^ ,, .. ..i ...;...< alarmed
■^:\.^
5 * In "the' year 1711, when the Tories Were endeavouring
* to Overturn the Whig adminidratlon, that had reduced the
* power ; of France io low, and were projeflihg the infamous*
* treaty of Utrecht, Burnet fays. They, finding iht houfe oflordt
* ceuU not be brought te favour their dejigns, refolded to make ail
* experiment that none pf our frincet bad ventured upon in former
* timet ; n refolution ivai taken of making fji
.■,!;j...
the twoiaft reigns, prided themfelves in their independency,
eagerly and meanly thruiUng themfelves into this pitiful pen-
ficij ; I fay, when we conlider thefc things, where is the fe-
curity cf laws, or upon what principles of the constitu-
tion can thefe meafures be defended? The reafon, I undcr-
ftand, them — gives for purfuinp^ this meai'ure, \%^ the unvwof
parties; the larger the fource of bounty in the iroiun, the more ^0-
tteral nvill be tts dues. This miy be plaufible reafoning : but
• the fail is, and of this I confefs myfelf jealous, that iy thefe
• penfions tie crown has increased its influence in the houfe of
* commons; aud, with regard to the ail of queen Anne, if a
♦ lift of new created places Ihould, as was done the beginning of
« the late reign, beoideid to be laid upon the table of the houle
* of commons, I cannot fee but that tnefe of the fupernumerary
* officers of the houfeho'd mull be of the number ; otherwife the
• crown may, oitii^y fu ure emergency, creatp as many asfliall
• t^en be found ncccHiiiy 10 anfvvcr the purpofes of thejn — -.*
Serious conjiiferafiam on iht me 4 fur fs vf the ^rtjent adminijhation.
l\ caille.
V i:
iii^:
I
'HI
U. 1 **■
H
:4'
pi
17^2 ( 54 "i
caftie, againft whom the ftrength of the new party
was formed, refigned his office of firft lord com-
miffioner of the treafury, " becaufe he found his in-
fluence was gone before him". There were prin-
cipally two reafons, which occafioned this remark-
able refignationj one public, the other private.
The public one was, the refufal which had been
given to the demand of the king of Pruflia's fubfi-
dy, notwithftanding ic had been promifed from
time to time ; therefore his grace could not concur
in meafures which violated the faith of Great Bri-
tain,hitherto held facred, and which expofed us to the
refentment of our allies, and to the contempt and
ridicule of all the courts in Europe.The private one
waSjCertainintrufions and interpofitions intoand with
his department, made in a fly and officious manner,
in order to worm him out, which at length had
the defired effed. The people were overwhelmed
whith furprize at this refignation •, they were thun-
der-ftruck. All the fond hopes of felicity and har-
mony which they had eagerly promifed themfelves,
at the beginning of what appeared and foreboded
an happy reign, were blafled in a moment, It
was now evident that party was kindled to a very
alarming degree : and party herfelf faw the filenc
marks of diflatisfadion in every independent Eng-
lifliman. If the filence ihould be broke, the con-
fequences might be irrefiftable •, therefore it was
contrived with fuch cunning as was at that time in
pra<5tice, to folicit the duke to accept of penfion.
But the rebuke it met with was didated by an
■ noble Englifli fpirit, confcious of thefervices ithad
performed, and conveyed in thefe words. ' No j it
fliall never be faid that honeil Pelham, after
Ipending five hundred thoufand pounds in .his
countries fervice, at lad refigned to become
a penfioner." Dilappuinted in this attempt to
..V(0Un4
((
4(
tfc
' (55 ) iy^i
iwbuud an eftablifhed reputation, the defperate and
defpicable writers * of the new party were hired to
abufe
was
• Of thefe two were in fome degree diftinguiflied. Their pro-
dadions were publifhed weekly under the names of Briton and
Auditor. The firft number of the Briton came out on the fame
day that lord Bute was elevated to his poll ; — fo foon was it dif-
covered, his lordfhip would ftand in need of an advocate! But
this doughty champion did his lordfhip and his caufe more
mifchief, than all the efforts of his moft bitter enemies ; for all
candid and moderate men, were led to defpife a party that could
countenance fuch (luff as that paper weekly contained, viz.
abufing perfonally and falfely the known and tried friends of
their country, befpattering them with every low and fdUrrilous
appellation, infulting the whole people of England, calling them
all together a mob, mad and ignorant. It is needlefs to recount
more of this writer's flander and abufe : his papers were held in
the utmoft contempt ; they were dull, languid and fpiritlefs ; and
being fhrewdly guefTed at in his perfon. it was a proof of the at-
tachment among the Scotch to one another. Bat certainly it is
the worft of ingratitude to abufe thofe by whom they live. If the
Scotch are not content with feeding on the good things of Eng-
land, why do they not go back into their own country ?
The Briton has, for fome time, lived upon Englilh.
The generous encouragement which they have ijivcn to
fome of his pieces, is a proof how little they mind local
dillindlionsi and how ready they are to treat, with the greaicik
civility and friendfhip, their neighbours the Scotch, in com-
mon, and very often, in preference to the nativ s of their own
country. A co)i luft that is direftly oppdfite to that of the
Scotch, who, w ;h a meanefs and felfifhnefs peculiar to them-
felves, neither encourage nor trade with any man that is not of
their own natibn. It was nothing lefs than bafenefs in the
Briton to abufe in the manr er he did, the whole people of Eng«
land, to whofe benevolence he owes fo much, and lulwj'e
lenity he has experienced. He ought, if he h.s any fenfe of
ihame, to blufli at the different charafters he has given of Mr.
Pitt, ditlated at one time by vain hopes, and at another by
bafe revenge. The infignificant fale of the paper was a proof of
its being delliiute of all merit : for the number printed was but
250, which was as littk as could be printed with refpeft to the
iaving of cxpence.
Before we procf^ed to the Auditor, it may be proper to make
mention of an ^ntiminiAerial paper called the North Briton, the
H 2 firll
I ybi
, . ' ( 5« )• ■
abule him with the utmoft virulence : to attack hiin
perionally, even in his private charadler, to make
ufe of every engine of qialice, deceit, and falfchood,
to
ri
t ii
: ■ .'ii
1'
-»<<-
Hv
lit
■4
firft number of which was publlfhed on the 5th of June, the
week after the Briton. The figurative title furnifhed abundant
matter for pleafant raillery, and keenfatire: the language was
elegant, fpirited and bold, the arguments ihrewd and pene-
trating, and frequemly fupported by intereiling fafts, not com-
monly known ; the fubjeits moftly national, though fometimes
perfonal 'I'he writers were men of fuch extraordinary abilities
as the world but ieldoiu fees, and fuch as will ever do honour
to the age and nation they live in. The paper was, for fome
time, in very high reputation, and its fale very great.
The Auditor was publilhed the week following the North
Briton ; but he enjoyed no greater (hare of public erteem, nor
had he more readers than his fellow labourer the Briton. Yet, in
order to recommend himfeli to public notice, he broached, if
poflible, more falfehoods, and exhibited more rancour and
fcurrility. Fearlefs in his fcandal, he infamoufly reviled, with-
out any regard to penon, family, or diftindion. But his produc-
tions were difregarded : they were held in utter contempt ; the
public defpifed both the caule and its advocates, which de-
pended upon fuch infamo.'s praftices. The Briton and Au-
ditor, after having been in exiftence about feven months gave
up the ghoft. The public were tired of their ftuff, and their
patrjns were no doubt quite afliamed of them, as indeed there
was great reafon. It may not be improper to remark, that fuch
writers are ever the worll: enemies to the caufe they are intended
to fcrve; bccaufe by abuling the public, whofe conviftion they
ought to court, they become iiirregarded. The arguments of
the i^riton and Auditor had no weight, becaufe what they pofi-
tivcly alferted as fails, were notorious f ilfchoods, and their fcur-
rility, invcdlivcs and perfonalities, retorted on their patrons,
and proved the worlt injury to their own caufe.
Never was that great and valuable privilege, the liberty of
thepreis, moreabuicd than by the writers for'^the miniller. His
panizans ought never to talk of liccntioufnefs in the people,
when his own avowed advocates were weekly guilty of it, in the
mod audacious and arrogant manner. It is , truth that is incon-
trovertable, thait there was more fcandal, infamy and falfehood,
bjoachtd by thefe two only of the minilK.ial writers, than by
all
ftack hhn
to make
[alfchood,
to
June, the
abundant
iguage was
and pene-
' not com-
fcmetime*
ry abilities
do honour
I for ibme
the North
«v, or may be inclined to
" aflert of true liberty, they have always been marked for a
•• faftious difpofition, and the concomitants of flavery, rebellon
*' and revenge. Of this their Own feparate hiltory gives the
** moft evident proofs. Of thig their part of our common hif-
•* tory fpeaks as loud as could the tongue of thunder, particu-
*' lariy from the year 1640 to that of 1660, and in the y tars
*' 1714 and 1745, not to mention many others that have been
•* lefs eminently though notinconfiderablyconfpicuous,"
:J: As the natives or North Britain deny there is any detach-,
ment among themfelves, it is proper to mention two fafts. which
will prove that thy a/I move hy one dired^ion. They al^ to a
man, joined in oppofition to Mr. Pitt, and they all to a man
join in fupport of lord Bute. Let every man lay but what he
knows on tt efe points, and then entire connexion if not confe-
deracy will be fully proved upon them.
the
( 6i ) 1762
the Engliflitook the alarm, warranted by honeft and
laudable motives. The difpofal of moft of the reve-
nue employments, and of many others,, being vefted
inthetirft lord of thetreafury, the nation wasandever
will be jealous of that high poft being filled by a
Scotfman,from a rational fear of Englilbmenloofing
that fhare of employments which is their due, from
proportionate right. This right is founded upon
the cftimate of taxes, which the two kingdoms pay
towards the fupport of government. From the
beft calculation it appeared, that Scotland does not
pay more than a fortieth (hare of the national
taxes, confequently (he is not entitled to more than a
FORTIETH (hare of the government employments:
that Scotland has not a/(?r//V/^ part of the manu-
facturers and handicraftfmen that England has;
that feveral necelTary articles of life are not {o
heavily taxed in Scotland as in England; that feve-
ral heavy taxed articles are not ufed fo much in
Scotland as in England ; that taxes, particularly ex-
cifes and cudoms, are not fo lull paid, or fo vi.
gorouQy raifed, in Scotland as in England; and,
that the fingle county of York pavs more taxes
than the whole country of Scotland. If it be con-
fidered that one third, or more, of the employments
(exclufive of the office of premier) civil, marine
and. military, which laft has been of late moft en-
ormoufly obtained by the Scotch, it will inftantly
appear, that they received more from th; government
than they paid to it, bcfides having ail the advan-
tages of colony trade and proprietorihip, as well as
of, the trade and landsof England, without Englifli-
men receiving any equivalents of fimilar natures
from them : for the care of religion, the adminif-
tratir n of laws, the offices of government, and re-
venue in Scotland, are now, and of late always
have been, only placed in Scotch hands. Yet Eng-
liHimen were never heard to complain, or to alTert
-I that
i
I'l
I
■Ml
' n
1:
f^
]4i'
1762 C 62 )
that they had an equal right to the enjoymenf of
them with the natives. As the Englifli contribute
thirtynine fortieths of the fupplies to the common
treafury, they certainly hold a fuperior claim to
the Scotch to its influence and emoluments, and
likewife to the firft lord being of their co'jntry,
which is known to be mod impartial, becaufe it
has been frequently feen, that Englilhmen eflenr
tially ferve and promote Scotchmen, but it is very-
rare, if ever, that the Scotch dothefame to the Eng^
lifh. Upon the whole, it is now eafy to perceiv6
what was the real point of contention. Was the
Englifh, or the Scotch, to enjoy the chief pow-
er of adminiftration, and, along with it, the pow*
cr of beftowing ail pofts of profit and emolument ?
or, in plainer words, was the Englifh to pay all, and
the Scotch run away with the plunder? the latter
hanging together, prevents any union of opinions
or purfuits ; their motive for ftrong national at-
tachment is individual interefl:, which, by that
means, they ftrenoufly endeavor to promote. This
has created a jealoufy in the Englifh, and caufed
an almofl national union for oppofing them. Where
this contention will end it is impolTible to forefee;
but, if it continues much longer, in all probability
the animofity between the two nations will be as
great as ever it was between the Englifh and French.
We will now turn to the affairs of Germany,
where the miniftry continued the war, but without
giving it any degree of encouragement. If we
were gone too far to recede, as was the opinion of
fome, it was furely but good poficy to have afTifled
thofe who were there; and not have left th m re-
duced to the alternative of defending ihemfelves
(againft the French army, confiderably reinforced
by frefh troops) whether able or not, or be facrifi-
ccd. The wiidom and military genius of the com-
mander, joined to the humane and ever feafonaiile
•• " - afTiftance
.( 6^ ) 1762:
alTiftance of the marquis of Granby, preferved the
exiftcnce of the army. Jn the month of March the
campaign was opened by a ficirmilh between the
French garrilbn oi Gottingen, and a detachment of^
the allies, in which the latter were defeated; but
they foon after made amends for this flight difaftcr,
by repulfingthe ei emy in his turn. On the 19th
of April the hereditary prince took the ftrong caftie
of Arenfberg, which had been of confiderable fer-
vice to the French, by preferving a communica-
tion between their army on the Rhine and their
garrifons at CaflTel and Gottingen. This exploit fti-
mulated the French to attempt fomething of confe-
quence. Their grand army was commanded by
the marflials d' Etrees and Soubize. But the fnare
which they took infinite pains to prepare for prince
Ferdinand, they fell into themfelves. *On the 24th
of June they were furprized in their camp at Grai-
benftein, and compelled to retreat with confiderable
lofsi and haU not the count de Stainville very criti-
cally and valiantly defended their rear, at the expence
of the corps which he brought to the charge, they
would have been totally routed, and perhaps not
have been able to make head again during the cam-
paign. However, as it was, they loft near 4000
men, and the allies gained pofTeffion of Fritzlar,
Feltzberg, L.ohr, and Gudenfberg. Th^ new mi-
niltry, notwid.ftanding they had induftrioufly de-
cried the German war, and were entirely innccent
of the vidlory, yet laid hold of the opportunity to
court popularity, they ordered public rejoicings to
he miide in the capital; and feme of them, in order
to keep the populace in good humour, gave away
barrels of beer in the public ftreets. After this ac-
tion the French retired under the cannon of Caflel,
wl ere prince Ferdinand, finding their fituation too
lirong for hazarding another attack, contented
iiimlcif with cutting off their communication with
I 2 the
!
i m
' <((■
::ll
m;
If
I 1^
1762 ( ^4 )
the Rhine and Frankfort; which the marquis of
GranbycfFeded by defeating, on the firft ot July,
a corps of the enemy near Homberg. On the
23d part of the enemies right way was vigoroufly
attacked at Luttenberg, and drove from their en-
trenchments. Thefe gallant exploits fo greatly dif-
trefled and weakened the French, that another ar-
my, which, in the fpring, had been formed in Flan-
ders, under tlie prince of Conde, was now ordered
to marth into Hefle, to the afli (lance of the grand
army. 'I he prince of Conde, while on his march,
was attacked at Friedberg, on the 30th, by the he-
reditary prince of Brunfwick. This aftion was
maintained for fome time with great fpirit. At
lirft the allies were fuccefsful, but the French, by
their vaft fuperiority, and advantage of fituation,
at length repulfed the allies in turni and the here-
ditary prince, in attempting to rally the troops, re-
ceived a dangerous wound in the hip ; but prince
Ferdinand, being informed of the battle, came up
with fome afiirtance, time enough to prevent the
defeat becoming total : however, the allies loft near
2500 men. The prince of Conde then effedied his
jundion, without any further difficulty j and the
French army, now confiderably reinforced, began
to aft on the offenfive. They laid fiege to the
caftle of Amoencberg, near the river Ohm j the
bridge over whicb was defended by a fmall party of
the allies, who were poll'^d in a redoubt on the
right of the bridge : the French v/^re alfo in pof-
lellion of a little work beyond the bridge. Between
thefe tv/o polls there commenced, on the 21ft of
b.cpcember, a warm and obftinate fight; which
continued from fix in the morning till dark. A
very fevere and heavy fire of cannon and fmall arms
was kept up for fourteen hours, without the leaft
intermiflion. There was no attempt on either fide
to pafs the bridge. Frefli troops were reciprocally
fent
( 65 )
1762
fent to fupport the polls which each maintained, as
faft as the reliefs had expended their ammunition.
But prince Ferdinand jxrceiving that it was fight*
ing to no end, as the French by their fupcriority
could hold oc't longer than he, at length gave up
the point, and next day permitted them to take
Amoeneberg, as the fruits of their perfc'/erance.
The lofs of men on both fides was pretty equal j
it did not exceed a thoufand men each. However,
prince Ferdinand relblved not to clofe the cam-
paign till he had gained fome equivalent. His eye
was upon the city of Caflel, which the French had
been in poflefTion of for a very confiderable time.
He confidered, that if he gained pofleffion of this
city, he (hould refcue the principal part of the
hndgraviate of Hefle out of the hands of the
enemy, and thereby add a very important advan-
tage to the common caufe, as well as bring the
campaign to an happy conclufion. Firm in this
opinio)"!, notwithftanding he knew a negociation for
peace was fet on foot, and that the war muft foon
be terminated, when his fervices could be no longer
wanted, he detached prince Frederic of Brunfwick
to lay fiege to Caflel; which was accordingly done
on the 16th of Odlober. The operations were
carried on with great fpirit. The garrifon fallied
out feveral times, but were not able to interrupt
the approaches. Prince Ferdinand covered the
fiege in fo mafterly a manner, that the French were
not able to relieve the diftrefles of the garrifon,
>vho were in the utmofl want of all forts of pro-
vifions. Their neceflities, as they were very
numerous, in a fhort time became fo ex-
ceeding great, that, on the ift of November,
they were compelled to furrender by mere want.
Two days after the preliminaries of peace were
figned •, fo that this was the laft operation, in Ger-
many, of a long, bloody and expenfive war. As
foon
1762 ( 66 )
ihon as conv^enient the troops retired to their re-
i\:c€t\ve countries, to enjoy, if polTible, that har-
yeit of peace and felicity, which they had long
been fighting for *.
Providence
B;1> '
quis of Gratihy\- letter rf thanh to th Bvhlp forces in
QeriKany.
. ' ' ' Munjlcr, Jan. i, 1763.
* Lord Granby has hoped to have !iad it in his power to
* have feen and taken his leave of the troops, before their em-
* barkation for England ; but a fcvere illnefs having detained
* him at Wal-burg, aiid hi'' prcfent ft-.tc of hei^'th obliging him
* to tai:e another rout, he could not leave this country without
* this pul^jic tcllimony of his inllre approbation of their con-
* duct fin:;e he iias had the honour of commanding them.
* Th'jfe feiitimcnts naturally call for his utiaoil acknowledg-
* ments ; hu therefore returns Jiis wanrioft thanks to the geue-
' ra.i, otHccrs, and pilvate men, conipofmg the whole Britiih
* corps, fur ihe bravery, zciil, dilcipline, and {>ood condud he
* l>as conUartly cxpeiicuced f'->m every individual; and his
' nioft paniciUar and peifoini' tJiJiiiks arc due to them for their
f ready
t
<
«
c
t
I
*
*
(
hi:
tai
»j
( ^7 ) «7^2
Providence feems, in a very wonderful manner,'
to have preferved for the king of Pruflia dignity
and
* ready obejiience, upon all occafions, to fuch ordcis as his lia-
* tion obliged him to give.
* His beA endeavours have al»":iys been direfted to tlieir good,
* by every means in his power ; and he has the iatisiacUoa
* to thinic he has Ipine reafon to flatter himfelf of their beinj
* convinced, if ndt of the efficacy, at leaft of the fincerlty, of
* his intentions, if he may judge by the nobie return their be-
' haviour has made him ;- a behaviour^ that while it fills hios
* with gratitude, has endeared them to their king and country,
* and has covered them with glory and honour.
• Highly fenfible of their merit, he fhall continue, while he
* lives, to look upon it as much his duty, as it will for ever be
* his inclinations, to give them every poflible proof of his af-
* feftion and elleem ; which he fliould be happy to make as ap-
* parent as their valour has been, and will be confpicuous au4
* exemplary to their after-ages.*
When thefe ttoops came to England, the inhabitants of Lon-
don, in particular, enjoyed a very fmgular pleafure in feeing
them march through the city, with the laurel in their hats, to
which tiiey are fo julHy entitled : and though ragged sjid ba»c
in their cloaths, y£t their arms were clean, their health and vi^
£0ur good; their countenances open, honelt and military,
mixed with real £ngli(h good nature. Not a fpe^lator tliat hai
the leail feeling left, but could readily have poured the tear of
joy at the fight of his brave and viitorious countrymen, who,
though unequal in numbers, had always withftood, often vaa-
quiilied, and fometimes ccmpietely ruined, armies valUy fupe-
rior to theml'elvcs. 1 here fccmeu, however, one thing want-
ing to complete their glory ; and that was, the rrefencc of their
commander. Every one naturally alked himfelf. Where is tht?
general, who, at the expence of his own private fortune, lias
kept thefe troops alive ; fupplicd them with every neceilkry 'm
his power, and, by the moil boundlefs generofity and alFefiion,
taught the moll unthinking to regard him as a father? To obey
him as a general from inclination as well as duty, and to thinli
no facritice too great th;;t could avail to the good of their
country, under fuch diredlion f jilasf has he not joined a nsenh
euimimjlration? — Andthc Ibldicr, after all his hardlhips and fa-
tigues, and cxpofing his life in many battles, has now got—
his ^vomtds to hoaji of: to which the following lines, written byaa
ftiticer, bear a very juft alhuion. • >
W ar ii over, peace is come,
Siicnt]. the iv/cid, uabrace the drum :
Scldil'r;.
i
I
!i't
1762 ( 6S )
and immortal glory ; for no fooner did the once
refpeftable faith of Great-Britain begin to forfakc
him, than he was relieved from the mofi formi-
dable of his foes. Death fnatched from the num-
ber of his adverfaries the emprefs of Ruffia •, ah
event which more than compenfated for his lofs of
the Britifh fubfldy. The nephew of the deceafed
emprefs, who fucceeded to the throne by the nam.e
of Peter III. || inftantly fignified his warm defire of
■- ' living
Soldier, fing thy warlike tale, ', ,'. , ,
Kifs thy doxy, quafF thy ale ; ' "
Bare thy bread, Ihew thy fear,
Pr^/f/ of a fev'n years war;
Tell thy neighbours round thy cot*
|- This is ALL that thou haft got:
' Should they aflc thee any more,
Tell 'em. Peace doth all restore.
II '* By the accounts which were publiihed of his early pfoceed"*
ings, he feemed, at leaft, to attend to the domeftic happinefs
of his fubjefts ; for he conferred upon his nobility the fame in*
dependance which that order enjoys in the other monarchies of
Europe ; and he lowered the heavy duties upon fait in favour of
the commonalty. Thus gratifying both the greateft and meaneft
of hia people, he appeared to thofe at a diftance to be ftrength-
ening nimfelf in the hearts of the Ruffians, and to be ambi-
tious of a popularity equal to that which had been beftowed
upon any of his predeceffors. This was only the judgment of
peribns at a diftance ; thofe who were rearer the fcene were
hardly able to perceivd any thing but a blind precipitation in
affairs of moment, blended with a zeal for trifles. The diverfi-
fied errors of his government made it believed, that he was medi-
tating the defign of fetting afide the great duke Paul, in favour
of the depofed prince Ivan. A defign of fuch a nature muft
have arifen either from extreme madnefs, or from fome family
fufpicion, which it would not become mc toinfinuate. He had
hardly made peace with PrufHa, before he threatened Denmark
with a war, on account of his pretenfions to part of the dutchy
of Holftein-Schlefwick in Germany. He drove every thing
before him with an extravagant ard thoughtlefs rapidity. In-
ftead of courting the afFeftions of his guards, who had made
and unmade the monnrchs of RufTia ; fome of thefe he flighted ;
all, perhaps, he affronted, by taking a ridiculous plcalure in
the
rmi-
um-
an
( % ) "'iy'62
living infriendfliip v/'iih the kingof PriTflia,.\Vhidi
that monarch, on his part, no left 'watmlv' re-
ceived. Accordingly a mutual exchangi^ of "pri-
foriers .without ranlbm was prefently' -aig^reed to,
and followed by a geheral fufpenfion of arms •, ^o
which futceeded a treaty of peitce, w^ieV^by ^1 the
conquefts,: which had bee h rtiad^ by'the "Riifli^n
:.i
^e uni^offp^qfjiia Pruffiafi regiment, and by: placing;, ■^n i4Ie
:Confidef^ce in hisjiolftein -troops. |ie was objlgecj tqppmnvu-
nkate,vvith'the:Qree|cchtfrch; yethfi infulted the ri^Ws cf k,
and diftinguifhed' the faft- days by a large piete'of b^jC He
' had not the virtaria off the piivktrt ijian to cogipsniatei for the
defede of ; th^,prince, .His ^ropenfity to the . i^pi theii^ vicejaf
JRtemperantQe jn driivkihg "betrs^yed, hwn into af(difcpyqj;y of his
iil-cohcertd4 ih^afur^s ; whitft an b^en difregaW Vf ^tKfe'eiiiprefs
his confbrt" tOhfirmed hfct 'ij^^pefienfibh of darigeH'^'aBft lau^lit
. her tO; fconfidt her own fecjjrUy. A oonfpira^y vv^s.formcdj .^pd
h^ wa^s dep9fjE;4,by the inffjgu«;of hi^ qonfort; vyjjipjfucciee^ed
to the throne by the name of Ca^heHnelll In fhe famous nia-
• liifeilo JAibji'fiieii, after Kefhiifbalnd's death, ^js'bft ugh t a ^a-
liety oF^^bciifitibBs Againftihim ; ,lhe charged- hiifti ^ith ingl^n-
tude to tbcicn»parfs EU?^e^> 'Ms :^unt ; witlr^WJlp^city j an
mger ; ana eren to put nerieir to ueatm inus
was a (fov'erfeign piitice of Hol'lein, great nepihew df Gliarlts
tjie tvveltlii grandfon of Peter the firll, and hdr of thofe •;:iyal
jnonarphs, once eleyled fucceflbr to the crown, of S^qdcn, .who
adluall'y alcended the throne of Ruflja, hurled down, after a
fhort reign' of 'fix momhs, from all liis greatri^fs, by ths in-
trigues of a woman and the refentments of a ftanding force,
fupported by the concurrence of an jVarranted by J^iftpiical exampl.';,
has concluded .that his dentil was violent :,, indeed it has, been
reported, tliiit whilll he was great duke, a niinift^r Of ftr.t. (!t>
clarcfd in u'ords to this efFct^, '* Thfit uothtiig'COiH'd'cu:.- h;:a
but a l)la«k d le." Notwithibinding this retolurion^ tlie inrt-
.rcjhuf tlie king of PruHia were notinjurid. IJiuemprefs ad-
hered to the engagements of her late hufbanti» and peculiarly
exerted hWfelf in bringing about a peace in tJeihiahy."
K arms
4
;'
H
1
■ ■)
1762 c 70 )
arms during the war, were reftored to the king of
Pruflia. Thus did tliis monarch providentially ac-
quire tne territorfes he had loft, without facrificing
any tiling as an eqiiivalent, and become freed from
the implacable hatred of an enemy, which it was
as impofliblc to eradicate^ as it was to deftroy the
inexKauftible refource of his power j which there-
fore muft, fince the court of Great-Britain had
taken another turn, have in the end accomplifhed
his ruin. The Swedes, who had been drawn into
the A^ar by the Ruffians, followed the ;example of
the generous emperor ; fo that the king of Pruflia
had now only the Auftrians and the army of the
empire to deal with. The ftoppage of the Britifh
fubfidymadfehin^hefit^te Tome time ih th6 execu-
tion Qi his meafures. At length, when he reeeived
the refufal, and fbund he had nothing but himfelf
to truit to; he ordered 1-us brother, prince Henry,
\vho cbmmsflded a fmall army in Saxony, againft
the army, of the empire, reinforced by a large corps
of Auftfianfe, to take the field. On the 14th of
May the 'prince furprized the enemy's left wirtg
near Dob'eln, beat up their quarters, and compelled
them to retire with the lofs of 2000 men, fon>e
cannon, and a large magazine -. but as chey were
vaftly Ibperior, this action was attended with no
confequences. 1 hey, on the contrary hand, foon
after called in their detachments, and eafily made
head againft the Pruffians, fome of whofe advanced
poftis were attacked and forced, and other trifling
advantages gained. In the mean time the king of
Pruflia was encamped in Silefia with his grand army,
where he had to deal with marfhal Daun, who was
at the hc^n/icf another grand army. For feme time
thefe experienced chiefs did nothing t|ut watch
each other. • Daun was afraid to hazard a battle v
for in cafe of a defeat there was nobody, fince the
defedion of the Ruffians and Swedes, to divide
and
of
( 71 ) '7^2
and diftraft the attention of the vifbor, as was for-
merly the cafe; therefore the king of Pruflia, after
forcing the aidvanced polls of the Auftrians right
wing, and fpreading terror and alarm throughout
their whole army, laid fiege to Schweidnitz on the
Stii of Auguft. Count Daun could not prevent
him. The garrilbn, however, made a vigorous
fally ; but were forced back by the befiegcrs with
confiderable lofs. At this time a body of Pruf-
fians, under the command of the prince of Be-
vern, lay encamped at Riechenbach. Count Dauii
refolved to diflodge this corps, hoping that would
oblige the king to raife the fiege. With this view
lie detached general Laudohn, with a fuperior
force, to attack the prince, who, however, found
means to inform the king of the enemy's defign,
and made a vigorous ftand till he came jp with 3
reinforcement. The king fell upon the Auftrians
in flank, and, after a fhort difpute, totally routed
them with the lofs of 2400 men. The fiege was
not in the leaft interrupted by this afbion ; for the
king drew off only a fmall part of his army, and
left full directions with the reft concerning the ope-
rations. After this defeat Daun took no meafures
for the relief of Schweidnitz i ^nd the garrifon
hearing of it, defired to capitulate with the king,
but he refufed to grant t;hem any conditions i he
infifted upon their furrendering prifonersof war:
upon which count Gualr.o, the governor, declared
he would defend the place to the laft extremity.
The PrufTians renewed their fire with re loubled vi-
gour, by which great damagfe was done to the
town in many places. At length, on the 8th of
Odober, the befiegers fuccefstully fprung a mine,
wJiich carried away part of the rampart, and made a
confiderable breach. Every thing was now prepared
for ftorming, which the br.-'ve governor perceiving,
immediately furreridered with his garrifon, amount-
K, 2 ing
! ^^1
te
::if
li
I
|l ■■!•
;:
1762 ( 72 ) ■ ' .
ing to 10,^00 men. In this memorable and de-
itruftive fiege above 5000 men were flairi; the Au-
ftriahs computed their lofs at 2000 men, and the
PrufTians allowed theirs to exceed three. Thus
did the illuftrious hero of the houfe of Bran den -
bourg, before the conclufion of his laft campaign,
regain the important fortrefs of Schweidnitz, which
had * been feveral times wrelted out of his hands,
and with it every part of Silefia which his enemies
were in pofTelTion of. He then began his march
for Saxony, in order to afllit his brother prince
Henry, who was' in danger of being furrounded
by vaftly fuperior numbers ; but before his arvival,
the prince had found means, on the 29th of O6tober,
to attack the enemies near Freyberg, and after a
very warm engagement, which lafted feveral hours,
he gairted a complete viftory, by which 5000 pri-
foners, 30 pieces of cannon, and the town of Frey-
berg fell into his hands. By thele fucccffes the
the king of Pruffia came near upon an equality
Wir'li ills foes. The French (till pofTclied his domi-
nions in Lhi' Netherlands, and he yet held a confi-
de rable part of Saxony ; but the Auftrians, nfter
fevcn bloody campaigns, had nothing to boaft of,
notwichllanding they were aflifted by the army of
the empire, the* Swedes and Rufliaiis. In fpite
of their feperate and united eiforts, the king of
Prullla now emerged fuperior. He rofe like an-
other phoenix out of the allies, in which the world
Ofuifn thought he was confuming ; and now was,
more than ever, the allonifhnent of mankind. In
this firuation he pFopofcd ^j the court of Vienna a
furpcnfion of arms during the winter between their
rcfpective armies in Saxony and Glatz. The fitu-
arion in which the Auflrian affairs were in, afforded
no room to refufe this propofal: it v*nd falfe as not to te
tf edited, were the picjcqs not in exiilence,, wljiqh the advocctcs
of the ininirt(,'r pnbliflied.-— Alth.ough it is no wonder the $00(3
ftould bear an otier hatred to the firll oiPthefe m6lt'refpeclabre
n8"nes btcaufe in the year 1746 he /a^f^this wition'byHhe de-
ftrpciiou of fome e^f their rebel countjtynien, who thirlted aftef
its '.veiilth ; and prefer veu the crown lor the inheritance of his
prefentmajefty, which they wanted to place on the head of tnt/
pretender ; yet ix was matter of furpri'Ze to all EngUlhnjeH^\Vht)
had not drank of the cup of sbrvility, that tljey d\|lrft "jsr^-
J'uffie to attack a charafter fo fair, fo illuilrious, and fo deftry-
C'jly D&AR TO El>"OLA.N:r.
to
%
to
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tions
what you profefled, as the credit of ferving your country waa
all you could then gain. You have been now admitted into
confidence by another luinifter, whofe credit was feeble among
the whigs, and to whofe power your notions became figniticant.
You gave them vent, when yon were thus far advanced. Mon-
archy was now faid to be independent, which is only an-
other word for unlimited. The power of the king over his
people was compared to that of a private gentleman over his
family. Filmer did not maintain it more abiblately, than it
has been maintained of late. But Filmer maintained it at a
time, wlien great part of the nation knew no better. We arc
now fo well acquainted with our rights, that we cannot give
them up for big-founding words or flir.ify arguments. Wc
honour the king ; we both love and honour the prefcnt king ;
but we diflike the m r, whofe exillence depends upon torie*
and tory-maxims ....
Can you be infenfible, that the voice of I he people is loud^
and almofl united at this time ? And are you; notions of mon-
archy fo high, as to incline you to think t;!c whole nation made
for a Minister ? This would be impioving upon your ancef-
tors, who only thought the nation made for tihe king. You
talk much of majejiy and prcrcgati've. \i this had been aUv..ys
your lan;;uage, how many bitter efforts of oppofuion might
have beei fpared for fifty years pail I fiow much mo.-e peace-
able might have been the reign of ou|- late fovereign ! How
much more peaceably might his allies reft at this time! For even
the whigs are fo well afFeded to monarchy, that they lament to
hear the reproaches thrown out upon his memory. Did you re-
coiled the independency of the crown, when you oppofed his
miniflers ? Was not prerogative checked and pared ? And
were not the whigs, at that time, neceffary guardians of it,
againft the intemperance of your oppofition ? I will not afk
you, how vigorous an oppofition you made to the unnatural
rebellion agamll him. Wherein did he provoke you, to lay
afide the doctrine of your fathers, which you have now brought
forth, quite rufly, for the ufe of the prefent m r ? 1 he
late king had been educated in a country, where his family was
defpotic ; but here he was a friend to liberty ; and, knowing,
v;hat principles had railed his illuftrious houfe to the throne',
confided in the whigs, and treated you wi.h a moderatic n, which
feemed to bid fair for a coalition of parties. He made you
fccrned
M
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1762 " ( 80 )
tions of whig and tory revived : becavife, while
anarchy fubfilted among thoib who fi.ould unite and
afnil each other, the bulinefs of their country was
not likely to go on well. 7rhe fituation of the
monarch was ^incerely pitied, by thole who fui-
jxjfted, whetlier the voice of the people was
brought to him, clear and unpoiibned. The
ambition of the minidcr was every where
Ipoke of with grcfat diflike •, and he was by m^tny
confidered, as the author of the murmurs,
and heart-burnings, which diftradted the kin<'-
all^.anic(i of the diflindion. You difavowed it in a manner,
which perfuaded us you were carnert, till you thought fit to
feparate from us again after his death. If you bear any ill will
to his memory, treat him at leaft, as thou think kings ought to
be treated ; and do not, for hit; lake, infult and vilify his be-
loved furviving fon. Do not, for yuur own fakes, defcribe that
prin.e, as ^fpirit tohich delightethin h^cod. Surely this is not «oty
the language of the Cocoa IVee. \i it be, then party is re-
kindled to an alarming degree. It was heretofore the language
of chofe, who were dif-.ppointed at Culloden. The cha-
raftjr of that g.eat prince cannot be hurt by fuch an infmua-
tion ; but the reader will be led by it to form ftrange ideas of
you, and will beat a lofs to know, by what kind of profelTions
you intend to make your court. And with refpeCt to miniftcrs ;
ipermit me to afk you, had not the ininifters or the late king at
leall as conicitutional pretenfions t( their power, as any you can
alfign to the pr.'fent miniltcr? Why then did you elicem it ne-
ccflary to oppcjfe thcin, for manyyer.rs, in every meafurc, with
a proieded d«'iign to fnatch the power from their hands, which
had been intrulted to them by their royal mailer ? We have
heard much alledgcl of their corruption. J will nor enter either
into the fai'l, or into the known caufcs of it. But wherein did
you principally place their corruption ? To the beft of my
picmory, yoi-t made an outcry about places and penfions, till
placemen and j cnfioncrs were almt ft afiiamed of their daily
bread. Let \r^. beg you to compare the prefent lill of places
and pcnfions, with that, which e.xilled in the time of the mi-
riftcr whom yen moft vehcnienJy oppofed, as the grand cor-
rupter. Without doubt the prefent miniiter has realons for his
condud, which perfectly fatisTy you." An AddreJ's to the Cccoa
jT." ct' , /rem a Wij i c. .
dom.
( 8i ) 1762
dom. The fad, they faid, fpeaks for itfelf*, till he
was in power thv^ whole nation was in perfecl union,
harmony and friendfhip. What it was afterwards
is too notoi'ioufly known and too fiitally felt.
Though, immediately upon his elevation, he could
not be ignorant, the people were averfe to his
being in power *, yet he fecmed to value himfelf
on being firm ; and making a parade about
OECONOMY; which, it mud be allowed, did ap-
r'-
lier,
to
n\\
to
:hat
rc-
age
* Of this he received one very remarkable proof in London.
At the fvvearing in of the lord-mayor it is ulual to provide a
grand entertainment on the occafion, and to invite the viobilitv
and gentry to partake of it. On the day (Nov. 9, 1762) the
chariot of lord Bute wa? perceived in the procefuon, efcorted,
as hath been faid, by a party of ftage prize fighters. The ef-
corte, if fuch it was, as foon as d!f:overed, was vie;oroufly at-
tacked by the populace, and fuon pit to flight ; but further
confequences were prevented by the very feafOnable interpofi-
tion of a party of conllables, who prottdcd his lordfhip, in the
beft manner they were able, till he arrived at the Guildhall.
A few days after this event, the printers, publifhers, and fup-
pofed authors of a noted political paper, called the Monitor,
were all taken into cuftody by a warrant from the fecretary of
ftatg. The papers, which had given offence, contained certain,
paifages from different hiftories, particularly thofe of England.
Hovv'ever, at length, the perfbns were bailed, and th^ affair
came to nothing. The miniftry feemed to be alarmed 'vith the
imprelfion it made on the minds of the people all over England,
who are ever jealous of the liberty of the prefs, as it is the bul-
wark of all other hbtriies, and is fo dcfervedly efteemcd, thst
a y wanton and oppreffive attacks have always been attended
with difagrceable confequences to that adminiftntion, which
prefumcd to make them. When once the liberty of the prefs is
Hopped, all privilege and all property is at an end: therefore none
will ever aim at overthrowing this ineftimable barrier, but thofe
who have in a view; the cllablilhment of arbitrary power, and
the total enflavcment of the people. Bad minillers were f-lways
enemies to the liberty of the prefs ; their guilt made them fo ;
tut true virtue is not to be wounded by infjnuation or ©."drafts
fion. hillory, wnich can only hurt where they Uick.
pear
m
m
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it t
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pear in the favings of beef and pudding, and the
ends of candles. '. '^ '" " '" '
. / Among the feveral ads of oppreflion and the at-
tempts at arbitrary power, ought to be number^^d
one with regard to a literary produdlion, which,
though fmaii in itfelf, yet appears equal in folly
and injuitice to any of the greater ones. A gen-
tleman had obtained the confent of the patentees
of Covent-Garden theatre to exhibit a new trage-
dy which he had by him ; and accordingly it was
put into rehearfal, and a copy of it was, as is
ufual, fent to the lord Chamberlain's office, in or-
der for its being licenced according to Jaw. The
day was fixed at the theatre, and near approaching,
for its appearance; when, to the aftonifhment of
every one concerned, and every one who had feen
the piece, an order came down for fufpending the
rehearfals, and foon after it was fignified that a li-
Cfnce would not be granted, though with apolo-
getical compliments to the poetical merits of the
production, and to the known principles of its
author. A Itrong regard to decorum made the
gentleman who hid wrote it wait patiently for an
ecclaircijfement on the matter, by the decent means,
if polTible, of private interpofition. But thofc
means not fuccceding, and no reafons being af-
figncd for the refufal, the author's friends then
reprefented to him the necefhty of following all
former examples in making the piece public, as
well in vindication of his own character ;.s for ap-
prizing the world of fo very arbitrary a proceeding,
v/hich they could not help conf dcring to be an ill
exercife of power. He accordingly waited on one
of the deputies in office, in order to apologize for,
and apprize him of, the ftcps he found himfelf
conftrained to take*, whir h were to prefent a memo-
rial to the lord Chamberlain for reprcfenting the
true
the
IS
17^2 ( S3 )
true ftate of the cafe, and, if that was unattended
to, then to publifh the play. A very refpeiftful
memorial was accordingly prefented by him, in
which it was fet forth, " That the (lory was one
'* which had been often felefted for the Drama
'* in almoil all nations from the earlieft times.
*' That the fable and conilruflion of the piece
'* were no other than thofe of Sophocles, adapted
" to the modern ftage j and not a character, fcene
*' or fentiment in it, but as they aflually flood
*' when firft framed and written near twenty years
paft. That none of the many friends who had
perufed it before and during its rehearfal, no
one performer, nor any other perfon whomfo-
ever, had once fo much as fuggefted there was
any thing in it which might be likely to give of-
fence : and that he himfi^lf had never had the
leaft evil intention, or the fmalleft apprehenfion
of appearing to have one." He next proceed-
ed to ^eprefent the hardfhips of his cafe, " in be-
ing injured in property, expofed to the cenfures
of liis country, from fufpicions of malevolence
* or indifcretion, and cut off from his fair views
both of profit and of fame." But fo decent a
reprefentation procuring him no kind of regard or
redrefs, he then apologized, by letter, to a per-
fon in high office, whom he had formerly compli-
mented in print, for the meafure of publication
which he then found himfelf neceflitated to purfue '■
and the tragedy, which is called electra, is now
intended for the prefsj from the perufal of which, on
its appearance, the public will become enabled to
judge of what there is in it that could give fuch high
offence, and whether the refufal of a licence for its
reprefentation is, in lord Bute's miniftry (which af-
fefled fo much to patronize arts) an adl of real
OPPRESSION or JUSTICE. Whcn the licciicing a6t
was
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1762 ( S4. )
was under confideratlon, it was rightly oppofed
witli a great flren^^.h of argument, as the means of
cftabhlhing a power that might become too wan-
tonly exercized •, and indeed it is fuch an one as
has always been contidcredas invafive of real libep-
ty. The crown had before an acknowledged pow-
er to reflrain theatrical licentiou^nefs : and there-
fore there was no need for eredirig a new one that
might be licentloufly exercifed, as every power
mull be thought, when, it deprives a fubjed of
the rights he is born to without affigning a fati^fac-
tory reafon for fo doing. Jf this play does appear
to the world to contain any thing which is male-
volent, the author of it has certainly been very
rightly treated. But if no fuch thing does appear,
he mufi: be deemed an injured man : and he is
the firft unhappy Englilhman who has been made
.perhaps an innocent fufierer by that law. Mr.
iBrooke, who is an Iriihman, and Mr. Thomfon,
•wiio was a Scotfman, have each heretofore print-
ed a tragedy to which the licence was refufed.
Their cafes were thought hard, though their per-
formances were known to be in fome points excep-
tionable : and fuch a diftate was created ^thereon,
that the licence was afterwards readily granted to
Mr. ;l'homfon's Agamemnon, and Mr. Mallet's Muf-
tapha, though they were clearly feen to be ftrong
anti-minifierial produ6lions, and were both written
by Scotfmen. Having faid thus much with regard
tojuftice in this matter, it may not now be impro-
per to confider the v/iiliom of fuch a proceeding,
There furely was made evident a ftrong mark of im-
prudence, in fuficring people to be fet to fearch af-
ter thofe caps. with which certain perlbns will be
luppofed to have fitted their own heads. A play
that has been written twenty years mull be undcr-
ftood to. contain iome kinds oJf doctrines which are
not
irt
E
w
fed
of
an-
as
I 85 ) 'iy62
hbt conftitutional, to warrant the refufal of a li-
cence for its reprefentation ; clfe people will be
led to imagine there mull have been fome ftrange
fenfibility by forenefs, from accidental ftrokes which
have been felt from it by extremely galled
confclences, . In fine, the minifter affefted to ap-
pear a patron of arts, and the friend of worthy-
men. We have feen what produftions he has pa-
tronized, and what men of genius he has rewarded.
We know their works and their principles, and we
know how deferving they have been of his favour.
We may foon be made judges of a performance,
which, under his adminiftration, has received
a ftigmatizing treatment. Of the principles and
merits of the author of it, a great part of the pub-
lic can be in no need of information j and to thofe
who do not know him, perhaps his piece may give
enough for their entire fatisfadtion. What fatisfac-
tion his injurers may think due to him, for their
injuftice, can only be left to their own honour*.
In
* It flmuld ^ obferved here, that about the time this play
W£i rrfufed. to be licenced, a»»other, written by a Scotch,
poet, received that necefTary fanttion, and was accordingly re-
preientedat Drury-lane boufe. That tragedy, which was called
Elvira, was a tranflation, from the French, of a piece that was
written above ihiirty years afro, in order to fet the fovereign will
and aotbcrity in an extrernc awfui light, and likewife to daub
over with p^tegyric the cnarafter or ?, minifter (who had beea
the precepttH- of i > mailer) by making the inftrudlion of a
prince the feft mer : of a fubjeft. This was the very kind of
merit whiA the countrymen of a living minifter were puffing
to extraw4igance, as beyond all reward, though he had reall—
never been entrulted with any part of his fovcreign's education,
nor co^cernec in it farther than from his officious intruuons ia
the ch^r•^(f^:- of an officer of hh houfliold. All hutory was
fal fifi e c forcompoftng this mefs, in the original of complicated
adulation. And from a pretended limilitu^t; of fuuations, the
piece was hafliiy turned into Englifh for the lame naulbous pur-
fo £a. Tiie E^glifh p«:": of tiie audience faw dearly the dc-
M
fn
I: W^
II
1762 ( 86 )
In no remarkable inilance was the adminiftration
dillinguifhed after thele events, except in the two
important articles of the peace and the excife,
both of which we now come to treat upon : but
firfl of the j>eace.
A few months after lord Bute's elevation, the
language moll confidently held at Verfailles was,
that his lordfliip poiTefled every thing, and was
the only a^mg power in England ; yet, it
was added, he could not preferve his emi-
nence, unlefs there was a peace : therefore the
French, Ibon after his appointment, determined to
feize the lucky moment of propofmg an accom-
modadon. They confidered, that if the oppor-
tunity was fuffered to elapfe, the old minillers
fign, snd as heartily defpifed the flattery of the piece, as they
detefted its political dodtrines. However, the poet went refo-
luteiy through his taflc, and direftly flattered, in a prefixed de-
dication, his countryman, whom he had obliquely adulated in
the work ; for which he was immediately rewarded with a lu-
crative promoiion, as fliamclefs.'y given as it had been fliame-
fally earned.
The unjult fupprefllon of a manly performance, which had
not been defigr.cd to give offence, by a wanton exertion of un-
camroukible pcwcr, and the allowance and open encouragement
given at the fame time to another, which was wrote on mean
views and {"ervile principles, might juiHy alarm the judicious
part of die nation ; as well for the ill exertion of power in office
on one hand, as for the vile proftitution of the ftage on the
other t snd they alike ferve to manifell the true judgment of
thofewho oppofed the licencing bill in its progrcl through the
houfes, in forefeeing, that the power it was calculated to treate
had the tendency lo produce the two hateful eiR-ds of injurinj;
innocent merit and debafmg the drama, by making it fubfer-
vicnt to miinifterial purpofes. Therefore, whf n Eltdtra comes
cut- and can be compared with Elvira, if what is laid of the
form-^r Ihould be found truth, a comparative viCiV of their difte-
rent merits, and of the difl'ercnt treatment they have received,
oai^ht to animate thofe who are influenced by virtue and ho-
nour, to endeavour at the repeal of a law, which experience
will then convince them has been openly applied to the fcrving of
bad purpofes.
might.
r ^7 ) i7<^2
might, nay muft foon be in power If the war con-
tinued, and then they fhoiikl not get fuch a peace
as they expedled from the earl of Bute. Although
fuch was the language at Verfailles, yet furely it
cannot agree, or have the lead affinity v/ich that,
which was held at St. James's : it is impoffible. It
is certain, indeed, the overtures were made under
the mediation of the king of Sardinia, by count
de Viri, his ambaflador in London ; and the me-
diation was accepted, and the negociation was
thereupon fet on foot. The duke of Bedford was
appointed to go ambafTador te Paris ; and the duke
de Nivernois to come to London ; but the capital
of France was honoured with being the feat of ne-
gociation, and the bufinefs was tranfa6led in the
French language : neither of which were points
tliat yielded the leaft fatisfadion to the Englifh na-
tion. Another little incident, which happened at
the beginning f, met with no better an approba-
tion i this was, the permitting the fame royal
yachr, that carried over the duke of Bedford, to
afterwards bring to England the duke de Nivernois.
Thefe " trifles were, to the jealous, intimations
ftrong, as proofs from holy writ,'* that there would
on our parts be no difficulties towards any peace
as foon as pofiible. The duke of Bedford fet out
•\ Aboat the fame time " a powerful iq^auron wa? equipped
in Ergland, at a confidcrable expence ; the command was given
to admiral Havvki and his royal high-nefs the duke of York,
who failed, as the public txpeSied, to insa-cept feveral very rich
Spaniih and French fliips, then fuppoitd to be on their return
home ; but foon after the admiral arrived on his llation, he was
ordered to return to England with his ^uadron. In vain did
the public fearch for the caufe oi tius their fudder difappoint-
Bie£X; it reminded them of admiral H^ddic) , who 1738 had
his hands tied up. But now fome rav . mor than probability
feems to inform the public, that \\\h unexpe«ited return mu)l be
attributed 10 our eanieji defirj of obtaining a peace.''
M 2 pn
'net { z^ )
on the 5th of September*. On the 3d of November,'
J 762, the preliminary articles were figned by the
miniftcrs
111/
I ?!(
* In the month of OAober feme of the principal articles of the
?eace became whifpered about, and foon gotinto the news-papers,
"hefe were the rehoration of the Weft-India iflands, and other
matters relative to America, which inHantly fpread fuch an alarm
throughout the kingdom, that the people rofe up like one man,
in deteftation and abhorrence of fuch conditions. The trading
part of the kingdom was moft fenfibly affedled. They propofed
prefenting memorials and petitions againft thofe articles. The
towns of Liverpool and Lancader actually drew up memorials.
The latter was withdrawn becaufe it was too late ; but the former
was given to Sir William Meredith, one of their reprefentatives^
and was as follows :
To the Right Honourable the Earl of Egremont, one of his Majejifs
Principal Secretaries of State t ^c, ^c.
The memorial of the merchants of Liverpool trading to and in
Africa and the Weil-Indies, whofe names are hereunto fub-
fcribed.
Humbly fheweth.
That the Weft-Indian and African trade is by far the largeH
branch of the great and extenfive commerce of this town.
That this is flfo the moft beneficial commerce, not only to,
themfelves, but to the whole kingdom, as the export is chiefly
of the manufaflures of this kingdom, Britifti ihips and feamen
folely employed, and the returns made in the produce of the
colonies belonging to Great-Britain.
Your memorialifts further beg leave to reprcfent to your lord«
fliip, that though they pofliefled this commerce in a very great
and extenfive manner before the reduflion of Guadalupe audits
dependencies, yet the poiTeflion of that ifland ha» increafed their
trade beyond all comparifon with its former ftate, in the demand-
of Biitiih inanufadlures for iktves, and for the produce of that
ifland (at foreign markets) purchafed with Britifti manufac-
tuies.
And your memorialifts have all poflible reafon to believe and
be aftured, that in fucceeding years this demand will be prodi^
gioufly increafed, and in this hope your memorialifts conceive
riKv are well grounded from the fingle circumftance of that ifland
1BC being yet more than half cultivated to reafonable, not to fay
poiBble, advantage.
That
( 99 ) 17^3
ininiflers of Great-Britain, France, Spain and Por-
tugal •, and on the loth of February, 1763, the
deHnitive treaty was figned, which the reader will fee
inferted in the note, together with fome remarks -f.
{the
jers.
rher
ling
That your memorial ids, not prefuming to trouble your lord-
Ihip with a minute detail of their general export to Guadalupe,
fubmit to your lordfhip's confideration the fingle article of the
numbers and value of the negroes fold there by the merchants
of this •lown only : this your lordfhip will perceive, by the an-
nexed lift, to form by itfelf alone a moft extraordinary and in-
terelting cbje£l in the national commerce.
But your memorialifts mud not omit reprefenting to your lord-
fhip, th^t the export of Britiih manufadures from this town,
diredly to Guadalupe, is of a prodigious value, and very little,
if at all, inferior to their export to all other his majcfly's leeward
Well- Indian iflands.
Pompted by thefe confiderations of particular and nadonal
adva-itage, your memorialifts intreat your lordihip to lay before
his it; ;ijefty their humble but earneft lopes, that the pofTeffioa
of Guadalupe, and its dependencies, fo valuable at prefect, and
fo csnftantly and greatly increafine, may, if not incompatible
with the general fcheme of affairs, be deemed an objeft worthy
of his majefty's attention in the negociation of a peace.
Your memorialifts have the greateft confidence to lay this their
humble and dutiful requeft before his majefty, being impreft
with the deepeft fenfe of his majefty's care and attention to the
welfare cf all his fubje£ts, fo apparent in every meafure of hig
government.
Signed by 145 of the principal merchants.
The lift referred to in the above memorial contained an account
of 41 fhips, the cargoes of which amounted to 1 2347 flaves, and
were fold for 334605!. i is. 2d. fterling.
•j' The Definiii've Treaty of Peace and Friendjhip, betnueen Hit
Britannic Majefty, the Moft Chriftian King, and the King of
Spain. Concluded at Pafisy the loth Day of February ^
1763.
Article I. There fliall be a chriftian, univerfal, and perpe-
tual peace, as well by fea as by land, and a fincere and conftant
friendftiip fhall be re-eftabliftied between their Britannic, moft
chriftian, catholic, and moft faithful majeftics, and between
their heirs and fucceflbrs, kingdoms, dominions, provinces,
Countries, fubje£ts, and vaffals, of what quality or condition
foever
.1 1
!:
i'il,
I
m i
!? %
176^ ^ ( 90 )
foever they be, without exception of places, or of perfona ^
fo that the high contradling parties Ihall give the greatell atten"
tion to maintain between theml'clves and their faid dominions and
fnbjcdl-S this reciprocal friendlhip and correfpondence, without
permitting, on either fide, any kind of hollilities, by fea or by
land, to be committed, from henceforth, for any caufe, or un-
der any pretence whatfoever, and every thing ihall be carefully
avoided, whicli might, hereafter, prejudice the union happily
re-eltablilhed, applying themfelvts, on the contrary, on every
cccafion, to procure for each other whatever may contribute to
their mutual glory, interefts, ;);.d advantages, without giving any
alfillance or protedion,dirc'ftly or indirei^ly, to thofe who would
caufe any prejudice to either of the high contrafling parties :
thfre Ihall be a general oblivion of every thing that may have
been done or cotnmittcd before, or fmcc, the conimen<;emcnt of
the war, which is juft ended.
Jrt. Jl. The treaties of Weftphalia of 1648 ; thofe of Ma-
drid between the crowns of Great Britain and Spain of 1667,
and 1670 ; the treaties of peace of Nimeguen of 1678, and
1679 ; of Ryfwick of 1G97 ; thofe of peace and of commerce
of Utrecht of 1713; that of Baden of 17 14; the
treaty of thet riple alliance of the Hague of 1717 ; that
of the quadruple alliance of London of 1718; the trea-
ty of peace of Vienna of 1738; the definitiue treaty of Aix la
Chapelle of 1748 ; and that of Madrid, between the crowns of
Great Britain and. Spain, of 1750; as well as the treaties be-
tween the crowns of Spain and PortUi»al, of the 13th of Febru-
ary 166S; of the 6th of February 1715; and of the 12th of
February 1761 ; and that of the nth of April 17 13, between
France and Portugal, with the Guaranties of Great Britain;
ferve as a bafis and foundation to the peace, and to the prefent
treaty: and for this purpofe, they are ail renewed and confirmed
in the bell form, as well as all the treaties in (jeneial, which
fubfifted between the high contrafting parties before the war, as if
tliey were inferted here word for vvord, fo that they are to be.
exadily obferved, for the future, in their whole tenor, and reli-
gioufly executed on r.Il fides, in all their points wi.ich fliall not
be derrogated from by the prefent treaty, notwithftanding all
that may have been ftipulated to the contrary by any of the high
contracting parties : and all the faid parties declure, that they
will not fuffer any privilege, favour, or indulgence, to fubfilf,
cottrary to the treaties above confirmed, except what ftiall have
been agreed and llipula ed by the prefent treaty.
uit.lU. All the prifoners made, on all fides, as well by land,
as by fea, and the hollages carried away, .r given during the
the war, and to this day, ihall be reftored, without ranloni, fix
Weeks at lateft, to be computed from the day of the exchange
of the ratification of the prefen* treaty, each c'own rcrpedively
paying ihe advances, which Ihall have been made for tiie fub-
fill'v-nLe
n
id
)Ut
bjr
n-
ly
)ily
fix
r 91 ) 17^3
ftence and ma'ntainance of their prifoners, by the fovereign of
the country where they fliall have been detained, according to
the atteftcd receipts and eftimatcs, and other authentic vouchers,
which (hall be furniflied on one fide and the other : and fccuri-
ties fliall be reciprocally given for the payment of the debts
which the prifoners fliall have cnntradled in the countries, where
they have been detained, until their entire liberty. And all
the Ihips of war and merchant veflcla, which fliall have been
taken, fince the expiration of the terms agreed upon for the
ceflation of hoilllities by fea, fliall be llkewife rellored bona
Jidct with all their crews ,and cargoes : and the execution of this
article fiiall be prnr^eded upon immediately after the exchange
of the ra ifications of this trjaty.
yi'r^ IV. His niol> chrillian majcfty renounces all pretenfions,
which he has heretofore formed, or might form, to Nova Scotia,
or Acadia, in all its parts, and guaranties the whole of ir, and
with all its dependencies, to the king of Great Britain : more-
ever, his moll chrillian majefty cedes, and guaranties to his faid
Britannic majefly, in full right, Canada, with all its dependen-
cies, as well as the ifland of Cape Briton, and all the other
iflands, and coalls, in the gulph and river St. Laurence, and,
in general, every thing that depends on the faid countries, lands,
iflands, and coalls, with the fovereignty, propeity, poiTeflion,
and all rights acquired by treaty or otherwife, which the moll
chrillian king, a" I the crown of France, have had, till now,
over the faid couiiL.ies, iflands, lands, places, coalls, and their
inhabitants, fo that the moll chrillian kino; cedes and makes
over the whole to the faid king, and to the crown of (ircat
Britain, and tK ' in the moll aiuple nMnner anJ form, without:
rellridion, and \, thout any liberty t ' part from the faid cef-
fion and guaranty, 'inderany pretan i , r to dilhirb Great Bri-
tain in the pofleliii - above-mentioned. His Britai. lic majelly,
on his fide, agrees , > grant the liberty ot the catholic religion
to the inhabitants of Canada : Ik will, confoqut dy, give the
moll precife and moil efiedual orucr.1, that his new Roman ca-
tholic fubjecls may profeis the vvorO ip of their relir^ion, ac-
cording to the rights of ilie Romilh v 'lurch, as far ;; the laws
of Great Britain permit. His Biitann. majelly further agic l,
rhat the French inhabitants, or others uiiO had L.en liibjecls of
the moll chrillian king in Canada, may retire, with all f^fety
and freedom, wherever they ihall think proper, and m.j fell
their cllates, provided it be to fubjetls ol his Biitannicmajefiy,
and bring away their ef^l'ti;, as well as their perfons, without
being reftraincd in thci" c:vi .^ration, under any pretence what-
foever, excepts that of '•.' or of criminal pn ll-cutions : the
term, limited for this eiii;; 1 .tion, fliall be fixed to the fpacc of
eighteen months, to be computed from the Jay of the e.\changc
of die ratification *> cf the prelcnt treaty.
Jrt.
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1763 ( 9^ )
Jrt. V. The fubjefts of France Ihall have the liberty of fifliiftg
and drying, on a part of the coafts oftheifland of Newfound land*
fuch as it is fpecified in the Xlllth article of the treaty of Utrecht;
which article is renewed and confirmed by the prefent treaty,
(except what relates to the ifland of Cape Breton, as well as to
the other iflands and coafts, in the mouth and in the gulph of
St. Laurence :) and his Britannic majefly confents to leave to the
fubjefls of the moft chriftian king the liberty of filhing in the
gulph St. Laurence, on condition that the fubjeds of France do
not exercife the faid filhery, but at the diflance ef three leagues
from all the coafts belonging to Great Britain, as well thofe of
the continent, as thofe of tlie iflands fituated in the faid gulph
St. Laurence. And as to what relates to the filhery on the
coafts of the ifland of Cape Breton out of the faid gulph, the
fubjeds of the moftchriftian king fliall not be permitted to ex-
ercife the faid fiftiery, but at the diflance of fifteen leagues from
the coafts of the ifland of Cape Breton ; and the fifliery on the
coaft of Nova Scotia or Acadia, and every where elfe out of the
faid gulph, ihall remain on the foot of former treaties.
[The 13th article in the treaty of Utrecht, here alluded to, runs in thefe
words :
<• Article XIII. The ifland called Newfoundland, with the adjacent
iflands, fhall from this time forward belong of right wholly to Britain ; and
to that end the town and fortrefs fo Placentia, and whatever other places in
the faid ifland are in the pofTeHinn of the French, /ha!! be yielded and given
up, within feven month from the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty,
or fooner if pofFible, by the mofl chriflian king, to thofe who have a com'
mifTion from the queen of Great Britain for that purpofe. Nor fhall the moft
chriftian king, his heirs and fuccedbrs, or any of their fubjeds, at any time
hereafter, lay claim to any right to the faid ifland and iflands, or to any part of
it, or them. Moreover it fhall not be lawful for the fubje£ls|of France to fortify
any place in the faid ifland of Newfoundland, or to ereA any buildings th:re,
befides flages made of boards, and huts neceflary and ufual for dryi'igof fifh ;
or to refort to the faid ifland, beyond the time necefTary for fifhing and dry-
ing of fifh. But it fhailbealiowed to the fubje£ls of France to catch hfh, and
dry them on land, in that part only, and in no other befides that, of the fai4
ifland of Newfoundland, which flretches from the place called Cape Bonavifta
to the northern point of the faid ifland ; and from thence running down by
the weflcrn-flde, reaches as far as the place called Point Rcche, But the
ifland called Cape Breton, as alfo all others, both in the mouth of the river
St. Lawrence, and in the gulph of the fame, f&all hereafter belong of right
to the French ; and the mofl chriftan king Aall have all manner of liberty to
fortify any place or places there."
Jrt. VL The king of Great Britain cedes the iflands of St.
Pierre and Michelon, in full right, to his moft chriftian majef-
ty, to ferve as a Ihelter to the French fiflierraen : and his laid
moft chriftian majefty engages not to fortify the faid iflands ; to
creft no buildings upon them, but merely for the convenience
of the fifliery; and to keep upon them a guard of fifty men
only for the police.
( 93 ) 17^3
^rt. VII. In order to re-eftabli(h peace on folid and dura-
ble foundations, and to remove for ever all fubjeft of difpute
with regard to the limits of the Britilh and French territories on
the continent of America : it is agreed, that, for the future, the
confines between the dominions of his Britannic majefty, and
thofe.of his moft chriftian majefty, in that part of the world,
Ihall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along the middle of
the river Mifiifippi, from its fource to the river Iberville, and
from thence, by a line drawn, along the middle of this river,
and the lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain, to the Tea ; and for
this purpofe, the moll chriftian king cedes in full right, and
guaranties to his Britannic majefty, the river and port of the
Mobile, and every thing which he poflefres, or ought to pof-
fefs, on the left fide of the river Miflifippi, except the town of
New Orleans, and che ifland on which it is fituated, which ftiall
remain to France ; provided that the navigation of the river
Miflifippi fhall be equally free, as well to the fubjeds of Great
Brilain, as to thofe of France, in its whole breadth and length,
from its fource to the fea, and exprefsly that part which is be-
tween the faid ifland of New Orleans, and the right bank of
that river, as well as the paflage both in and oat of its mouth :
it is further ttipulated, that the vefl[els belonging to the fubjefts
of either nation, ftiall not be flopped, vifited, or fubjefted to
the payment of any duty whatfoever. The ftipulations, insert-
ed in the IVth article, in favour of the inhabitants of Canada,
Ihall alfo take place, with regard to the inhabitants of the coun-
tries ceded by this article.
j^ri. VIII. The king of Great Britain flir.!l reftore to France
the iflands of Guadeloupe, of Marie Galante, of Defirade, of
Martinico, and of Belleifle j and the fortreflfes of thefe iflands
fhall be reftored in the fame condition they were in, when they
were conquered by the Britifli arms ; provided that his Britannic
majefty's fubjefts, who fliall have fettled in the faid iflands, or
thofe who fliall have any commercial affairs to fettle there, or
in the other places reftored to France by the prefent treaty, fliall
have liberty to fell their lands and their eftatcs, to fettle their
aftairs, to recover their debts, and to bring away their effefts,
as well as their perfons, on board veflels, which they flii.U be
permitted to fend to the faid iflands, and other places reftored
as above, and which fliall ferve for this ufe only, without be-
ing reftrained on account of their religion, or under any other
pretence whatfoever, except that of debts, or of criminal pro-
lecutions : and for this purpofe, the term of eighteen months
is allowed to his Britannic majefty's fubjefts, to be computed
from the day of the exchange of the ratitications of the prefent
treaty ; but,»as the liberty granted to his Britannic majefty's fub-
jefts, to bring away their perfons and their efi^eds, in vefl"els of
their nation, may be liable to abufes, it precautions were not
N taken
17^3
( 94 )
taken to prevent them ; it has been exprefly agreed between his
Britannic majefty and his moft chrillian majefty, that the num-
ber of Engliih veflels, which (hall have leave to go to the faid
iflands and places reftored to France, .II. The ifland of Minorca ftiall be reftored to his Bri-
tannick majefty, as well as fort St. Philip, in the fame condi-
tion they were in, when conquered by the arms of the moft
chriftian king ; and with the artillery which was there, when
the faid ifland and the faid fort were taken.
Jrt. XIII. The town and port of Dunkirk fhall be put into
the ftate fixed by the laft treaty of Aix la Chapelle, and by for-
mer treaties. The cunette fhall be deflroyed immediately after
the exchange of the ratifications of the prefent treaty, as well
as the forts and batteries which defend the entrance on the fide
of thefea; and proi'ifion fhall be made, at the fame time, for
the wholefomenefs of the air, and for the health of the inha-
bitants, by fome other means, to the fatisfadion of the king of
Great Britain.
Jrf. XIV. France fhall reftore all the countries belonging to
the eleftorate of Hanover, to the landgrave of HefTe, to the
duke of Brunfwick, and to the count of LaLippe Buckebourg,
which are, or fhall be occupied by his molt chriflian majefly's
arms : the fortrefTes of thefe different countries fliall be reftored
in the fame condition they were in, when conquered by the
French arms ; and the pieces of artillery, which Ihall have been
carried elfewhere, fhall be replaced by the fame number, of the
fame bore, weight, and metal.
^rt. XV. In cafe the ftipulations, contained in the Xlllth
article of the preliminaries, fhould not be compleated at the
time of the fignature of the prefent treaty, as well with regard
to the evacutions to be n.ude by the armies of France of the
fortrefTes of Cleves, Wefel, Guelders, and of all the countries
belonging to the king of PrufTia, as with regard to the evacu-
ations to be made by the Britifh and French armies of the coun-
tries which they occupy in Weflphalia, Lower Saxony, on the
Lower Rhine, the Upper Rhine, and in all the empire, and to
the retreat of the troops into the dominions of their refpedlive
fovereigns ; their Britannick and moll chriftian majefties pro-
mlfe to proceed, l/ctid fide, with all the difpatch the cafe will
permit of, to the faid evacuations, the entire completion whereof
they flipulate before the 1 5th of March next, or fooner if it
can be done ; and their Britannic and moft chriflian majefties
further engage, and promife to each other, not to furnifh any
fuccours, of any kind, to their reipedive allies, who fhall con-
tinue engaged in the war in Germany.
[Article XIII. of the preliminaries. After the ratification of the prelimina-
ries, France fhall evacuate, as foon as it tan be done, the fortrefies of Cleves,
Wezel, and Guelders, and in general all the countries belonging to the king of
Prullia ; and, at the fame time the Briti(h and French armies fliall evacuate
all the countries which they gccupy, or may then occupy in Weflphalia, Lower
N 2 Saxony,
17^3
( 9^)
m
Saxony, on the Lower Rh!ne,the Upper Rliine, and in all the empire; and each
fhall retire into the dominions of their rcl'peftive fovereigns ; and their Britan-
nic and moft chriAian majeftjes further en^iajie and promife, nottj furnifli any
fuccour of any k'nd, to their rcfpeftivc allits, who fhall continue engaged in
tenth day of February, 1763.
BEDFORD, C. P. S. CHOISEUL, Due. El MAR that, when it had been refolv'd to remove a commiffioner
in an office, and application was made, at the levee, by a mem-
ber of parliament, with aflurances, that the perfon to be facri-
fic'd was his near relation, and that he himfelf had never been
refradlory, the anfwer was, lamforry 1 did not kmiju this fooner,
but thought he had been conneSled ixnth * * * and * * * raiho are my
enemies, and voted in the minority ; but hejhall have an equivalent ;
and this promife was, in fome degree, fulfiU'd."
I will now confider the behaviour of the adminiftration in
another point, I mean the unprecedented removal of the lords
lieutenants of counties. Formerly, before the inftitution of a
militia, thefe were not thought objefts worthy a m 's
refentment, and noblemen of the firft rank and greateft merit,
though they had voted againft a m 's meafures, were
not therefore removed : but this office received a degree of in-
fluence, by the power of appointment of the militia officers,
(ami this power has been exerted with great fpirit in Yorkjhire^
Middle/ex, and Suffolk) and it was thought a prudent flep, to
fubftitute lieutenants, more under command, and who would
lend a more obedient ear to the voice of the m .
When gentlemen, whofe fortune and rank in life intltle them
to be lieutenants of counties, and knights of the fh're, cannot
think themfelves debas'd by the acceptance of a nominal 500I .
per annum, and which introduces them no farther than the anti-
chamber ; pollerity will not be furpris'd to fee men, of defperate
fortunes, brib'd by fuch a morl'el, and eager to obtain it, by
executing the commands of an ambitious m ," Serious
cetijiderations on the meafures of the prefent adminifl ration.
inftantly
( 105 ) 17^3
inftantly called ; when, with a vigilance and fpirit
which will ever diftinguifh them to their very great
honour, and has moft juftly entitled them to the
applaufe and thanks of their fellow fubjeds, it was
refolved to petition the houfe of commons againft
the bill. The following is the proceedings at
Guildhall on the occafion.
At a court of common council, held on Tuefday
the 22d of March, 1763,
A motion was made, and the queftion put. That
it is the opinion of this court, that a petition be
prepared to the honourable houfe of commons,
againft fo much of a bill now depending in that
honourable houfe, for granting to his majefty an
additional duty on wine, cyder and perry, as re-
lates to the fubjeding the makers of cyder and
perry to the excife laws. The fame was unani-
moufly refolved in the affirmative.
Whereupon this court doth nominate and ap-
point
!
Aldermen,
^Commoner?*
Sir Thomas RawHnfon,
Sir William Stephenfon,
Sir John Cartwright,
Sir Samuel Turner,
Mr. Deputy Francis Ellis,
Mr. Deputy Robert Wilfonn,
George Bellas, Efqj
Mr. Henry Major,
Mr. Samuel Freeman,
Mr. Deputy John Morrey,
Mr. Arthur Beardmore,
Mr. John Newcombe,
To be a committee to prepare the faid petition,
who having withdrawn, returned, and pref'^nting a
a draught of a petition, the fame was unanimouQy
agreed to in the following words :
^0
in
iy6^
( io6 )
W >
To the Honourable Houfe of Commons of Great-Britain
in Parliament affembled^
The humble petition of the Lord Mayor, Alder-
men, and Commons of the city of London, in
Common Council afTembled,
Sheweth,
That your petitioners have obferved by the votes
of this honourable houfe, that a bill is now depend-
ing for granting to his majefty an additional duty
dn wine, cyder and perry ; which bill, your peti-
tioners havfc been informed, fubjedts th6 makers of
cyder and ^ttx"^ tothe laws of cxcife.
That your petitibners, with the deepeft concern,
cannot help confidering this unexpefted proceeding
as preparatory to a general extehfion of thofe grie-
vous laws : for when new orders of men, by fitu-
ation and profeflion diftinft from traders, are ren-
dered objects of the excife laws, the precedent is
formidable, not to commerce only, but hath a fatal
tendency, which ybur petitioners tremble to think of.
That as every attempt to enlarge the dominion
of the excife muft awaken your petitioners fears, it
will alfo juftify their dutiful reprefentations to this
honourable houfe, the guardians of liberty.
That after all the burdens fo chearfully borne,
all the hardlhips fo patiently endured, and all the
blood fo freely fpilt in fupport of the late juft, glo-
rious and fuccefsful war, your petitioners mod
humbly hope, that the meritorious fubje6ls of this
country may not feel the extenfion of excife laws
amongft the firft fruits of peace.
Your petitioners therefore mod humbly pray,
that fo much of the faid bill, as fubje6ls the makefs
of cyder and perry to the powers of excife, may
not pafs into a law.
And your petitioners fhall ever fray.
After
!
Aldermen,
( 107 ) 176J
After this petition was prefcnted, another
court of cpnimon council was called on Monday
the 28th of March, 1 763, when a motion was made,
and unanimouQy agreed to, that it is the opinion
of thi§ court to prefcnt an humble petition to every
branch of the iegiflature, before whom the bill,
fubjefting the makers of cyder and perry to excifc
laws, fhall depend.
Whereupon this court doth nominate and ap-
point
Sir Thomas Rawlinfon,
Sir William Stephenfon,
Sir John Cartwright,
Richard Blunt, Efq;
Mr. Deputy Thomas Long,
Mr. Deputy Robert Wilfonn,
George Bellas. Efq-,
Mr. Henry Major,
Mr. Samuel Freeman,
Mr. Deputy John Moorey,
Mr. Arthur Beardmore,
Mr. John Newcombe,
To be a cojnmittee to prepare the faid petitions,
who, having withdrawn, returned, and prefented
the draught of a petition to the right honourable
the houfe of lords (which was in the fame words as
the petition to the houfe of commons ; and was prefented^
at the requefi of the Sheriffs, to the houfe of lords, by
the Right Honourable the Earl Temple) and the
fame was imanimoufly agreed to. They alio pre-
fented the draught of a petition to the king's mod
excellent majefty, which was agreed to in the fol-
lowing words, and prefented to the king the very
inftant it was known the bill had pafled the houfe
of lords.
^Commoners,
To
I'^
1763 ( 108 )
To the KING'S Moft Excellent Majeay.
The humble petition of the Lord Mayor, Alder-
men, and Commons of the city of Londqn, in
Common Council allembled.
Moft humbly (heweth,
That yonr petitioners are fully convinced, that
the colledling the duties intended to be laid upon
the makers of cyder and perry, by way of excife,
is not, nor can, in many inftances, be fo regulated,
but that it will occafion numberlefs difficulties and
queftions.
That the method of trial and decifion of excife
difputesare founded only in neceflity, being in their
nature arbitrary and inconfiftent with the principles
of liberty, and the happy conftitution of your ma-
jefty's government.
That the expofing private houfes to be entered
into, and fearched at pleafure, by perfons unknown,
will be a badge of flavery upon your people.
That your petitioners, firmly confiding in your
majefty's gracious favour, and filled with a moft
humble and grateful fenfe of your paternal affedlion
for your people, moft humbly befeech your ma-
jefty to protedl their liberty, and to keep them
happy and at eafe, free from the apprehenficn of
being difturbed in their property, by which your
majefty will ereft a lafting monument of your good-
nels in every houfe in the kingdom.
Your petitioners therefore moft humbly implore
your majefty, that you will not give your royal
aflent to fo much of the bill, as fubjefts the ma-
kers of cyder and perry to excife laws.
And your feiitioners Jhall ever pray.
The
in
\
( 109 ) iy6^
The bill (the heads of which are in the notef)
was Iharply and vigoroufly contefted in the houfe
of
'i).
f Heads of the aft for granting to his Majefty feveral additional duties wpon
vlnCi imported into this kingdorh, and certain duties upon ail cyder and perry.
Thar from and after the 31ft day of March 1763, the followiftg additional
duties thall take place, viz.
On French wine and vinegar imported ^l. per ton ; ahd on all other wines
and vinegar imported, 4L per ton ; to b^ co!le£led, levied, and pa.d, as cx-
prefled in the aft of i Jac. II. or in any other aft by which the duties thereby
granted are made perpetual.
Damaged and uiimei'chantable wines fhall be exempted from thefe additional
duties.
The faid duties fiiall be under the managtment and dlreftion of the Cdmmif*
fioners of theCuftoms ; and (hall be paid over weekly by the Receiver Gpneral
into the Exchequer, apart from all other monies, and (hall be entered according-
ly in proper books to be provided thcte for ihe purpofe.
No allowance /hall be made for leakage, but upon wines imported direftly
from the country or place of their growth, &c. Madeira wines imported from
the Britifli plantations in America excepted.
From and after July 5, I763, an additional duty {hall be Uid on all cyder end
perry, viz. On all cyder and pefry imported 4.0 s. per ton ; and ujion all cyder
and perry made within Gr<:at Btitain 4 s. per hog/head, to be paid by the
make .
The duties upon cyder and petry made inE-jgland, to be under the receipt and
management of the commiflioners and oHicers of Excii'e there, and thofe in
Scotland, utider like officers there. Thetommi/Tioners fliall appoint a fuflicient
number of officers, and the duties Ihall be paid into the Exchequer apart from all
other moniesi
The makers of cydCr or perry (not being compoUndets) fliall enter their
names, and the mills, pielTes, or other utenfils, (lore-houfes, and other places
to be made ufe of, at the next office of Excife, ten days before they begin to
work, under the penalty of I5 I. for ufing any unentered place.
The officers of Excife, upon requeft made, fhall have free accefs ift the day
time, to all places entered or made ufe of for making or keeping perry or cyder,
and /hall gauge, and report the contents to the commiffiunefs, leaving a copy
for the maker. The duties /hall be paid according thereto, within fix weeks
from fuch making charge 3 and the ufual allowances fhall be made in refpeft
thereof.
HerfoiW intending to fell, or temove any cyder or petty in their poHeffion,
made before July 5, 1763, /hall fend a figned particular thereof to the next of-
fice of Excife, ten days before the faid 5th of July ; that the officer may at-
tend and take an account thereof, and grant certificates occafionally for the
removal of a like quantity, without chntging the duty, &c.
No cyder and perry exceeding fix gallons /hall be removed, Sec. without %
crrti/icate, on forfeiture thereof, with the package. Officers of excife may
iei/.e the fame. A time /hall belimitted, for which the certificate fhall be in
force.
Perfons making cyder or perry to be confumed h. their own private families
only, /hall be admitted to compound for thi; duties, they giving in a lift of the
number in family, and paying at the rate of 58, pet head, per annnm. This
compo/ltion /hall he renewed annually, and the money paid down at the fame
time. The houfes, Sic. of pcrf«)n5 who (hall thus compound, (hall be exemp-
tsilt'roni furvcy or fearch. But upon incr»-afc of the family, a new lift (h.ill be
gikeii ill J and ^ d. per munih per head, (lull be paid for ihe additional number,
i* during
1763 C uo )
of lords, where the freedom of the fubjeft was
bravely difputed againft fuperior numbers •, and
two
m
during the fubfifting unexpired term of the year. Compounders neglefting to
deliver in fiich lifts, and to pay their compofition-nnoney, fliall be charged with
the duty, and become liable to a furvey. Perfons deliver/ng falfe or defcftive
lifts, &c.ftiall forfeit 20].
Ch'ldren under eight years of age /hall not be inferted in the lift's. Com-
pounders may fell, difpofe of, or remove, any cyder or perry more than fuf-
fitient for their own ufe, giving two days notice to the proper officer, who /hall
9«'rend, and take an account thereof, and charge the duties, and report the
fame to the Excife-office ; leaving a copy with the compoundtr. Such cyder
rr perry /hall not be afterwards removed without a certi/icate. Compounders
being guilty of any fraud, or in felling, exchanging, or delivering out cyder or
perry, /hall forfeit 20 I.
No compounder /hail let out, or lend his mill, or other utenfils, for mak-
ing cyder or petry, without giving three days previous notice to the proper of-
ficer ta attend, and charge the duties ; unlets the cyder cr perry be the proper-
ty of another compounder, or of fome perfon not liable to the duty; and no
part of it /hall be removed without a certificate ; under penalty of 10 1.
Perfons ufing their own mills, &c. or procuring cyder or perry to be made at
the mill, &c. of any other perfon, fliall be deemed makers.
Compounders for malt /hall not be liable to compound, or pay duties, for
cyder or perry, to be made and confumed in their own families j unlefs they
/hall fell, or otherways difpofe of, any part thereof ; in which cafe they /hall
comply with the direftions given with refpe£l to compounders in like circum-
/^anccs,
Occupiersof tenements not rated above 40s. per ann. to the land-tax, and
not making mire than four hog/heads of cyder and perry in the whole in a year,
/hall be exempted from duties, or compounding.
Thei'e new duties on cyder and perry ftiall be drawn back on exportation ; and
upcn diftilLtion thereof into low wines and fpirits ; and upon the fame being
made into vinegar, and charged with the duties as fuch.
The penalty of oppofing an officer in the execution of his office, or of ref-
cuing, or ftaving any cyder or perry, after feizure made thereof, /hall be 50 1,
fi)r every fuch offtnce. Informations for offences againft this adV, by the mak-
ers of cyder or perry, /hall be laid within three months after being committed
and notice thereof /hall be given them.
Per/nns aggrieved by the judgment of any Juftice of the Peace, touching the
duties or penalties, may appeal to the quarter fe/Tions j and the determination
of the faid Court /hall be final.
Appellants /hall give notice to the other parties, and the Court /hall award
cofts as they fee fit, to be levied by diftraint.
For want of fufiicient time intervening, an appeal may be made to the fecond
quarter-f?/lions,
A re-hearing /hall be had cf the merits of the cafe upon arpeals ; and defeiSs
of form in the original proceedings may be reftified by the Court.
All powers, rules, methods, penalties, andckufesin A(5t 12 Car. II. or in
any other a''^ relating to the revenue of* Excife, where n(;t alte ed by this adl,
/hall !ie put iiito execution with !e'pe(£l to the duties on cder and perry.
The pe.iatties and foi-feituics relating thereto, /hall be recovered or mitigated,
as by tiie laws of Excife, or in the courts at "^'eftminfter, or tlie corrrt of Ex-
chequer in Sco'.lirril, and fliail be employed, half to the ufc of the Kinj, and
luif 10 U'Cn J:at ihall I'uj.
Th
and
( III ) 1763
two protefts were entt ed, each figned by three
lords. It was the firft time the houle of lords were
ever known to divide upon a fnpply bill. But this
was of fuch a nature, that it is no wonder to fee
every nerve of llrength in the conftitution exerted
towards oppofing fo hateful and odious a meafure,
ftriking at the verv root of our liberties, by open-
ing a door for a general excife. However, not-
withftanding every effort againft the bill, it receiv-
ed the royal aflent. But the minifter finding him-
felf vigoroufly oppofed, and the voice of the Eng-
lifli nation louder againft him than ever, he judg-
ed it prudent on the eighth of April to refign and
retire into Yorkrtiire *, after an adminiftration of
ten months and ten days, during which the king-
dom had not enjoyed one happy moment of repofe.
Thofe whom he left behind, were only the adhe-
rents of his eminence. How they will ftand re-
mains to be tried : but it rrlay with certainty be
faid, that nothing can heal the wound which his
ambition made, but the re-eftablilhment of thofe
known and tried friends of their country, whom
the people do, and ever will approve; and in
whom they can fafely repofe their properties and
liberties.
The adminiflration of the earl of Bute, is fuch
an example of ambition, precipitation, and folly,
as fhould be precious to future ftatefmen. They,
by carefully perufing it, may fee his foibles •, and
Th
The duty on cyder and perry brought from Jerfey, Guernfey, Sark, or Al-
derney, fluill be paid by the importtr before landing, on penalty of being feized
and forfeited.
The monies arifing by the r Tpcftive duties granted by this aft, fliall be en-
tered in proper booics in the Auclitor's office feparatelyirom each other, and
from all other monies; and (hall be a fund for the payment of the annuities
chargeable on the principal fum of 5,000,000 1. borrowed on the credit of this
* At the fame time lord Talhot, fteward of the houfliold, went into Wales ;
and Mr. Fox, lord Bute's coadjutor, who was at this tiinc created baron of
Holland, retired into France.
P2
learning
p
1763 ( 112 )
learning to avoid them, may, in all probability*
enjoy the efteem of the people, and confequently
be the inftruments of glory and happinefs to their
Ibvereign. When the wile and faithful fervants of
the crown were driven from their offices, he fud-
denly mounted the airy pinnacle of power, with-
out having gone through the neceifary depart-
ments, to qualify him for fuch eminence. He be-
came ime minifter, as it were by infpiration.
Ambition ipurred him on, and he wantonly gave
way to her di«^ates, without refle<5bing on the con-
fequences. His gigantic ftrides to power alarmed
the nation. The blue ribband, which he obtained, in-
ftead of doing him honour, added ro the general odium
againll him. His haughty and auftere behaviour
difgufted the Englilb nobles. His partiality to his
needy countrymen *, tp whom he abundantly dif-
tributed
IM
* Among the many, or rather innumerable inftances, of hii
Jjartiality, which might be brought, we (hall only felett the fol-
owi g:
LIST of particular PROMOTIONS, &c. made when Lord
Bute RESIGNED.
James Stuiart Mackenzie, brother to lord Bute, keeper of the
privy feal of Scotland. 3000 1, a year.
Alexander Frafer, Efq; half brother to lord Bute, a commif-
fioner of trade or police in Scotland, 400I. a year.
bir Robert Mendies, Bart, brother in law to lord Bute, acorn-
xniiTioner of trade or police in Scotland, 400I. a year.
John Campbell, Efq; brother in law to lord Bute, and head
cellcdlor of ftamps in Scotland, a lord of the fefUons in Scot-
land, 7C0I. a year.
Courtnay, Efq; brother in law to lord Bute, commifr-
miflary of Minorca, 800I. a year, befides apartments for a de-
pu y.
[Lady Bean Ruven, fifter to lord Bute, had a penfion fettled
upon her of 400I. a year faon after his prefent majefty's accef-
iion.l
■ William
{ "3 ) »7^3
tributed the favours of the crown, fhewed the dan-
ger to which the whole Englifh nation was cxpofed
by
4
William Mure, Efq; one of the barons of Exchequer in
Scotland, appointed in 1761, (and infpeflor of lord Bute's pri-
vate affairs in Scotland) receiver general of Jamaica, 600I. a
year, paid on the exchange, with a reverfion to Robert Mure^
Efq; his fon.
■ Wancop, Efq; member of parliament for the fliire
of Bute, private fecretary to lord Bute, and deputy privy pur(e
to his majefty, a penfion of 6)ol. on the Irilh eftabliihmenc.
John Home, (formerly the P.'-v. now Efq;) authoi: of the play
of Douglas, for which his prefent majefty* when prince of
Wales, fettled a penfion upon him, confervator for Scotland, at
Campvere, 30CI. a year, without refidence.
■^> ■%.■
To this lift it may not be improper to add fome obfervatioas
on lord Bute's difintereftednefs.
*' Some time ago there was publiihed a dull panegyrick upon
the North Britim minifter, in which, among other virtues,
the writer boafts of his dijinttrejiidnefst of his having difdained
to touch thofe tempting fpoils which lay at his feet. One would
imagine he had conquered the kingdom, whereas he only /«-
*vadtd it, and after having made all poflible ufe of his time, re-
treated. He and his friends have no mercy upon good words.
They have brought the words aconomy and firmnejs into difre-
pute, and now they are dire£ling their malice at the amiable
word, dijinterefitinefs. To fhew you how fcandaloufly they
abufe it, Twill recite hiv reiuarda and \i\% ferviceu I begin
with his rewards becaufe h? began with them.
*< He entered the privy council with a prince of the blood ;
he was honoured with the garter in company with another prince
of the blood ; he has obtained an Englifli peerage for his fa.
mily, and the rangerfhip of Richmond Park : Fame fays, that
he has (iecured a valuable reverfion to his heir apparent ; the
gazette fays, that he has fecured valuable things, in poiTeflion,
to his brother and others of his kindred ; and his friends boaft,
that he has provided for all his dependents.
" I have not magnified his rewards, and I will not dimlnifh
his fervices. He has been profeffedly the firft or fole minifter
about ten months. During that time he has given up to the
enemy the mod valuable of our conquefts for a peace, which
very wife men think little better than a truce; he has revived
national animofities between the Englifh and Scotch ^ he has re-
vived
17^3 ( iH ) I
by his power. The turning out a great number of
perfons in fubordinate employments, merely be-
caule
vived party diilin^ions among the EngliOi ; he has been the
means of difgracing the belt ot our nobility, and of difmining
the ablell fervants of the crown ; he has Itiflsd by his condutt
thii acclamations due fiom the people to their king; weakened
the crown by difpofing of alinoU all the reverfionary patents j
turned out with inhumanity the innocent dependents of foimer
minillers ; iocreafed the peerage beyond the example of any of
his predecefTors ; borrowed public money on exorbitant terms*
and invented a new excife.
'« Thefc are his fervices, which differ fo totally from Mr,
Pitt's, that I conclude from Mr. Pitt's rewards being Iqfs, that
the rewards and the fervices of thp North Briton, were not
meant to bear any relation to each other. I will therefore com-
pare his rewards with thofe of a miniller, who was fuppofed to
be favoured by the crown, and ferved it fj?ithfully five and
twenty yeats. 1 ihall plact their rewards in oppufite columns.
Sir Robert Walpoles rtiuards.
An Englifli peerage after his
fervices.
Richmond Park. . i
The Garter.
A great place in the Exchequer
for his fon.
Ample provifion for his bro-
ther and immediate depen-
dents.
The Earl of Bate*t rtwards.
An Englifh peerage brfore his
fervice*.
Richmond Park.
The Garter.
A great place in the Exchequer
for his fon.
Ample provifion for his bro-
ther and immediate depen-
dents.
.•*,
" The place which Sir Robert gave to his fon, is of niore
value than that which lord B. has fecured for his fon, but ftill in
that article lord B received a greater favour than Sir Robert
did ; for Sir Robert gave to his fon, in his own right, a place
which became vacant, whilft he was at the head of the irea-
fury ; lord B. obtained for his fon, a reverfion from the crown
after he had refigned. There is fome little difference too in the
biotheri; Sir Robert's brother having been employed in public
bufinefs from his earlieft years ; and lord B.'s brother having
been wholly unknown till within very few years pafl. — I hope
w« fhalj hear no more of lord Bute's dijinterejitdtiefs.'*
*•.
( 115 ) 17^3
caufe they had been put in by the duke of New-
caltle, was not only a wanton, but a cruel exercife
of that power. The manner in which the freedom
of accefs to the crown was cut off, favoured fo
much of the narrow policy and felfifli views of a
favorite^ that it is no wonder, it fhould excite a
very ftrong jealoufy in all thofe, who were too fpi-
rited to folicit his paflport. The voice of the peo-
ple he treated with difdain, and held popularity in
contempt •, — yet he was fond of incenle, and re-
ceived it very gracioufly. Had he continued in the
domeftic poft of groom of the ftole, he had pro-
bably ferved both his fovereign and himfelf with
fatisfaftion : but his ambition for high power proved
the ruin of his reputation, as a ftatefman. His
friends will now, poffibly, allow, that he was not
a politician ; and that he was in that point, a diredl
contrail to Mr. Pitt. He wanted both abihties to
plan, and fpirit toifxecute. The dignity and power
of Great Britain languifhed under his admiaiftra-
tion : our councils were neither framed for wife
nor vigorous meafuresj and the national faith,
which ought to have been kept inviolably facred,
received a wound, in the rcfufa! of a promifed
fubfidy to an ally, of the firfl rank in the reputa-
tion of wifdom and arms. In a word, his admi-
niltration was one continued fcene of diftradioci
tt is juft worthy of remark, that the warmed advocates for
loid Bute were the moft bitter enemies to Mr. Pitt's rewards, by
which they fo pofitivcly affirmed he had deftrtcd ihe people ;
but now it is proved to a demonftration, t^at Mr. Pitt, not-
withPanding tiiofe rewards, is still the friend of his grateful
countrymen, who have fo bravely fupfortsd him through his
greatelt difficulties ; and lord Bute, alter receiving greater re-
wards, and plunging his country in;o anarchy and ccniufioa, is
FL£0.
and
Hgi^mmmim^
mmmm
: I
1763 ( ii6 )
and tumult ; and his manner of retiring from
public bufinefs, was a tacit acknowledgment how
unfit he vasforit.
'S ^
• *U i'
'f
FINIS.
\. ♦
• •; ■ ;'•■ V-!lP v'-jit''> . .».* .^.^ : ., . ^ . .'
".'' Lately publijhedy Price 2%. 6 di. ^:.
Written by the fame Author,
The T H I R D E D I T I O N of
♦ The R E V I E W of
Mr. PITT's Administration.
Dedicated to the Right Hon. die EARL TEMPLE.
* He wilhes to lay open and reveal to the unerrinj^, public,
both the motives and adlions of every part of his adml*
I. niftration.
• ,v Obfervations on the Spanijh paptrst
,- . Printed for G. Kearsly, in Ludgate-Street.
wmB
g from
nc how
I J. .. r
.V :. .
■■■■'■»
•
'ION.
PLE.
;, public,
lis admf>
papers.
4''