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CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.
Canadian Institute for Historical MIcroreproductions
Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques
1980
Technical Notes / Notes techniques
The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
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L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire
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The images appearing here are the best quality
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Maps or plates too large to be entirely included
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iliustre la mAthode :
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akcB ^ft^ciyed
Waate
W. S. FINCH
76 GERRARD STREET, EAST
TORONTO, CANADA
May, 1889
BINQHAM Ik WEBBER, TORONTO
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Wood Vve.^^.P'f.athe.
'T is surprisinnr tliat, knowiiitj^ the cnoriiioiis loss
incnn't'd 1)y tlie decay of luinbei-, iiieaiis are; not
used foi- its prevention. '^Phere may be reasons — for
instance: i^'norancc as to tlie can-c of sndi decay
the nnccrtainty of findin<4" iiii cflicicnt renu'(ly, or
the nnspoken tliou<;ht that thi; iiion^ decay the
more work tliei'e will he, and the njore contracts for
replacing them. It is a(hnitte<l that tlie loss to Canada
from this cause would pay the interest on the national
debt: and the DepartuK.'nt of Forestry at Washiiif^ton, D.C.,
.estimates that the lo.ss to the United States for railroad ties
alone amounts to twenty-live millions annually. Add to this
the loss for bridges, platforms, bloek -paving, walks, elevatoi's,
whai'ves, telegraph poles, box cars, fencing, etc., and one
hundred million dollai's yearly would not pay for this waste.
Besides this money los.s, decayed wood, physicians assert,
is a prolific cause of sickness and death.
The cause of the decay of wood is not generally known-
It has been thouglit by some to arise from slow combu.stion,
and that as evei-ything decays, lumbei' can be no exception.
Scientists, notably P. H. Dudley, Ks(| , (\E.,New York (ai'ticles
and plates in i*o])ular Science Monthly, August and Septem-
ber, 1S<S()) demonsti-ate that the microscope i-eveals the leal
cau.se : it is the result of the growth of a fun^ns plant of the
nuishi'oom type upon damp wood, especially when excluded
from light and ail', to prevent which in elevators fans are
sometimes used. This fungus, when seen on decayed wood,
has been tliouu'ht to be the result of the decav. Instead of
this, it is the cause. This is the reascai for a spaeu* being left
—1—
on piloK of lumber. Tf the boards aro laid on each otlior
without space, the fungus inunediatL'ly grows on the wood, and
in warm, damp weather, the lumber very soon decays. Car-
goes of lund)er and timber are often danuiged by the growing
mycelia <m the pieces. Specimens of all the various trees in
the United States have been collected in iihe American Museum
of Natural History, in New York by Mr. Morris Jessup, and,
while it has been possible to transport them across the conti-
nent, it has not been possible to protect them from the attacks
of fungi, and some of them will have to be replaced. Hem-
lock inch boards can be completely rotted through in six to
eight weeks of July and August weather by the mycelia
attackirg both sides of the boards, when damp, and piled
without an air space between them. In bridges, ends of posts
and struts, tenons of bridges and mortices, especially when
resting on stone or brick, on becoming damp, this mycelia
grows, and decay takes place.
This mycelia is not propagated by seeds, but by mycroscopic
sphores, which from a batch of decayed wood are blown by the
M^nd and settle on any damp Avood near. Consequently a perfect
preservative nmst make it impossible for it to grow upon the
wood. Some elevators erected only a few years have had to
be underpinned at cost of from $00,000 to $70,000, which
could be entirely prevented by using this preservative. This
colorless plant grows upon the wood, feeding on it, and liter-
ally un<loing all the tree has dcme in growing by resolving it
into its native elements, the air and soil.
It has also been supposed that the <lecay of lumber pro-
ceeds from the inside, which it does not, except in cases where
the wood has been painted while yet unseasoned, or has l>een
si^asoned out of doors, allowing the outer part of the wood to
become so hardened as to prevent the dampness in the wood
from exuding, and this interic^r dampness ferments and decays.
Hence, in former methods of preserving, the sap has been
expelled l)y pressure and the vacuum filled with chemicals.
But we now find that tlu> decay is from the outside — where the
wood is damp and not accessil ' *^o light and air. First the
-2^
4,
Lark goes, tlicn the sap, an<] so it proceeds until the vvliole is
(lisintegi'ate«l and destroycid.
•
W. S. Fincli, of Toronto, Canada, has introduced a pre-
servative which \)y al)so!-[)ti()n and eapilhiry attraction pene-
trates tlie wood, which is porous, and, nnxin^r with tlie sap or
alhuuien of the wood, makes it a preservative — fillincr aiid
closing the pores, thei'el)y preventing interior fennentation or
(U'cay, aud no fungous growth can aftect it from the (aitside.
In 1875 tw(j-incli pine planks and four-by-four scantlimAs
for sidewalks were coated with this cheap and powerful pre-
servative, and laid, at the re([uest of the City Council, in
different wards of the city of Toronto, and after eight years'
use, wei-e found to he perfectly sound — only worn thin and
uneven, the knots protruding. Sample planks and scantlings
of that lund)er can now be seen, which, on being cut, &iv, found
to have retained even the pine smell, (juite fresh. The explana-
tion is, that when lumber is so treated tlie destructive fun(»-us
cannot grow upon it, and it becomes hardened, seasoned, and
not subject to decay.
This preservative has been used f(n- railroad ties, railway
platforms, warehouse floors, sidewalks, sc<jws, foundation
planks uader walls of warehouses erected on made land, etc.
It is cheap, safe, effective and sanitary. No expense for car-
riage of lumber or costly plant is involved, as wherever the
lumber is piled the preservative can be applied by unskilled
labor, with the use of a broom or brush, or hy saturating in a
tank, and as soon as dry the lundjer is ready for use. It will
not readily burn after treatment, and there is no risk (jr daufi-er
in using the preservative.
The cost of mater ^-k\ lutnu' may be estimated at from
two to three dollars ; i^i^ousand feet, board measure. The
preservative can be shipped in cans or barrels at about seventy-
five cents per gallon.
The preservative is endorsed l)y many of the aldermen,
citizens, architects and builders of the city of Toronto and
—3—
N(!vv Y(ti-k,aii(l hashiMiii pi'oviid to l»e (Hit; of the Ix'st, clicapcst
and nio t .I'lfcctivc i)r('S('rvativ('s known. Creosote presei'vt'H
well, l»nt it costs t'ntin seven to tvv(!lve dollars pel' thousand
feet, hesi Jes freight eharov", to and from the works, to tieat
wood with it. It discoloi's the wood, and j^dvos it the odoi- of
tar, while Mr. Kineh's preseisative pioduees n<» discoloration,
and the sample of that used foj- eight years can he written on,
the jxjres ar(^ so conq)letely tilled up.
Qgtracf o^ S^eporf ^rom ©eparfmeaf of
W. R. PHIPPS, Commissioner.
" Wishing, myself, to see Mr. Finch's method of opei'ation
1 allowed him to coat the ])laid<s, ahove and helo'w, sides and
ends, of ovei' 100 feet, in a lane of my own. This was altou^
a year and a half ago. The effect is wry heneticial. Some
few ])Ianks were left untouche(l. These ai'e evidentlv beo'in-
ning to rot, wliile no sign of decay is manifest in the others.
They wei'e all new plaidvs. In any future case of laying
])lanking 1 woultl certainly, if available, obtain this preserva-
tive and Ji[)ply it. The lane where these planks were laid is
damp, and seems specially apt to rot the planks, but this year
they have kept remarkably dry and sound. The dampness
does not cling to nor penetrate them, as before."
A diploma was awarded at the Dominion Exhibition,
Toronto, hS<S7, by judges who have seen its results.
Railroad and other corporations will find it in-
valuable for Ties, Platforms, Wharf Timber, Bridges,
Crossings, Kerbing, Elevaiors, Blocic Paving, Base-
ments, Sidewallcs, ete.
—4—
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This Preservative is Endorsed and Certified
to by the following:
aldermen-
John BaXTKH, Ksii. J. (;i{()CKK|{, Ks(;.
W. Bei.l, Esii. J. Shaw, Esg.
J. H. BorsTKAi), Ks(^.
EX-ALDERMEN-
The j.A'i'E N. C. Love, Esi^., and others.
CITY EMPLOYES-
U. Wilson, (Jity Inspector.
M. O'Connor, City Foreman of Flankers.
James Kennedv, Ex-City Foreman.
T. McCJowAN, City Foivman 8t. John's Ward.
F. Flkuit, Yard Foreman — and otliers.
[Mr. Fli^dit found the plaidcs, wlieu brought into the
yard, so soun<l tliat lie sent them out anain to he used on other
streets, turning them upside down on aeeinnit of tlie knots
protruding.]
CITIZENS—
Geo. CouLDlNci Es(^., and many other citi/ens, who
saw the hnnher laid down and again saw it when taken
up, and found it perfectly sound.
ARCHITECTS-
W. G. Stohm, Es(^.
Messrs. (Jordon & Helliwell.
Chas. Walton, Esq.
Chas. Martin, Esq.
KlVAS TuLLV, Es(^, Chief Engineer for Ontario
Government, and others, of Toronto.
Stephen B. Hatch, Esq., 115 Broadway, New York.
Messrs. James & James, 187 Broadway, New York,
Architects for Board of Trade Building, Toronto!
James Gaylord, Esq., In.spector for Mr. Waite, of
Buffalo, New York, who is Architect of Parlia-
ment Buildings, Canada Life Assurance Co., and
Bank of Connnerce Buildings, Toronto.
©epartment of iJorestry, ©Washington, ©.©.
REPORTS FROM 35 RAILROADS RECEIVED.
iVlilt's of railroads in ojM'iation,
Tics uscmI on thoni, .....
Average cost of cacli tie, ....
Tics per mile used for reiK.'wals,
Average dui'aliility of ties, ....
Total railioad iuilea«(c in tlie Unite<l States,
Ties ii.sed t)er mile, .....
Yearly avcu'agc consumption of ties,
Total nund)er of ties in use,
Telegraph and telephone poles, etc. (miles), .
Mai'inc pur])Oses (tons), ....
Ycnrly outlay for renewals, ....
Hritl^e tind)er in use, renewed (^very 7 or 8 years,
45,(i.S7
1(),()(I.S,42.S
M()C.
7 yeai-s
187,500
2,()4()
. 70,714,280
4<)5,000,()()()
1(10,000
. (),()54,9()7
i*2.5,l74,2<SO
*37o,000,000
ORDER FROM R. CHRISTIE, ESQ., INSPECTOR OF PRISONS
FOR ONTARIO.
" Phrase ship at once 25 (gallons of your wood preservatne
to Mr. Thomas McC/i'ossen, Superintendent for the Reformatory
for Koys, Penetanguishene, for sanitary })urpo.ses, preserving
new ha.sem(!nt Hoors of institution, on account of the old ones
being so decayed as to cause (hphtheria."
FROM MESSRS. GORDON & HELLIWELL, ARCHITECTS, TORONTO,
TO HON. C. F. FRASER, MINISTER OF POBLIC
WORKS FOR ONTARIO.
ToRON'i'o, February 4, 1889.
Dear Sir,
Mr. W. S. Finch has a lumber pre-ervative which we
believe is an excellent preventative of decay. We have had
the plank foundations and basement timbers of nearly all the
buildings of the Land Security Company treated with it.
Yours respectfully,
GORDON & HELLIWELL.
Toronto, Canada, June 2(5, 1888.
W. S. Finch, Esq.
Dear Sir, — I have much pleasure in stating that for ten
years I was Alderman for the Ward of St. James, in the city
of Toronto, and for several years a member of the Board of
Works. I know that the planks and scantlings were preserved
— ()—
ami lai<l in diHei-cmt vvanls of this city to proves its effects, for
wliicli tlie city paid J^ I ,()()() in I .ST.'). After seven oi- ei»,dit years,
the sidewalks, hein^' worn, were taken np, wln'ii it was fonnd'
that the phud<s and strini^ei-s were in a eoiiipleto state of
preservation, showing lo signs whatever of decay oi- rot— ij
fact, htiing as sound as when lai<l down. Some of this wocx,
is now in your possession, and can he inspectt'd at any time.
The process tends to harden and season the tihre of the woo(j,
thus causing it to last twice as haig as when laid in its uatui'al
.state. This wood is also invaluahle for sanitary purposes.
T am, dear sii',
Yours respectfully,
N. C. LOVE.
Toronto, Mai-ch 2r)th, 1.S.SJ)
Mh. Finch.
Dear Sir, — After careful inspection of your specimens of
preset ved lumber, which have been in use for many years, in
the most exposed and trying situations, I have no hesitation
in stating that your process is the most valuable 1 have met
with. The samples of sidewalks which have been in use eight
years are now absolutely as sound as ever, which strikes me
as being extraordinary. I shall certainly make use of \'our
inventif)n whenever I have opportunity.
Yours truly,
J. KING JAMES (of James & James,)
Architects, 187 Broadway, New York,
Architects of Toronto Board of Trade Buildino-s
c5 '
Letter of same import from Stephen B. Hatch, Esq.,
Architect, U5 Broadway, New York, who has constructe<i
many of the public works for the State of New Yoi-k.
Toronto, April 18S9.
Mr. W. S. Finch.
Dear Sir, — I was and am still foreman of St. John's
Ward, in the city of Toronto. The preserved lun>ber which
w^as laid on Yonge street, after eight years' use, was worn
-7—
unevoTi, tho knots prf)trurling. It had to he taken np under
my <Hi-e('tion. I found it pcni'ectly sound — no sign of decay
on any of it. Ordinary sidewalks decay in from five to seven
yeais, l)ut yours, aftei- eight years' use, is as sound and free
from decay as any wood can he.
T. McGOWAN,
208 Chestnut St., I'oronto.
Toronto, April 7th, lcS89.
Mr. W. S. Finch.
])ea1{ Si1{, — I have heen Inspector of Streets ior the city
of Toronto twenty years, and know the ahove to he true, for a
section of si<hnvalk was put down on Queen street, unde^' my
direction, in 1875, and, when taken up, was hardened, seasoned
and sound as any wood in the world.
JAMES KENNEDY,
Nassau Street, Toronto.
Toronto, May, 1889.
Mr. W. S. Finch.
Dear Sir, — 1 saw the sidewalk laid in 1875, and now
find the same wood perfectly s<nind, seasoned and hardened,
and it smells like new pine.
M. A. INGLEHART,
Landscape Chxrdener, Mount Pleasant.
Any numl er of endorsations can he ohtained, if recpiired.
Corresp ndence solicited. City, County, State an<l Province
rights for sale, or preservative shipped to address.
Address T. S. FINCH,
70 (lERRARi) St. East,
Toronto, Canada,
Toronto, Api'il, 1S89.
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