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Incorporated by Letters Patent, 32-33 Vic, Cap. 13.]
199 St. James, corner of St. Feter Sts.
MONTREAL.
-:o:-
z)i:e?.eoto-e^S-
T. E. FOSTER, Esq. M. H. GAULT, Esq.
HENRY SHACKELL, Esq. F. E. GILMAN, Esq.
A. W. OaiLVIE, Esq.
T. E. Foster, President. Henry Shackell, Vice-Pres.
Edwin Kemp, Secretary-Treasurer.
Contracts Made for
AND
Advertisements in all Papers in the Dominion.
Free Reading Room open to all at their Offices, from 9 a. m. to 6 p. u.
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THE
HOTEL GUESTS' GUIDE
FOR THE
CITY OF MONTEEAL
1874.
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PUBLJ^ILE-D. BT^ ■
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PREFACE.
Every year witnesses a large increase in the number of
tourists travelling through Canada, the majciity of whom
make the trip down the St, Lawrence, and pay a visit to
Montreal. In the summer months, the leading Hotels are
filled with such visitors, who find much in our City and its
environs, to interest them. It is chiefly for the benefit of
such tourists that "The Hotel Guests' Guide" has been
published. In it will be found a complete and reliable directory
of all places of interest in and around the City ; descriptions
of public buildings ; churches, &c., together with a variety of
other useful information.
The business houses, whose advertisements appear in the
" Guide " are the first in their respective lines of business,
and such as we can cordially recommend to our readers, as
establishments where they will be fairly dealt with, both as
to quality of goods, and prices.
Montreal, July, 1874.
Great American Clothing & Tailoring Estalilisliment.
W. WALSH & CO.
463 Notre Dame Street, 3rd Store from McGill Street,
IM: O IN" T I^ E ^ Hi .
j-r^uj-rCEj^
Gentlemen can rely on the
noted character of this Estab-
lishment for supplying first-class
Work, in the Merchant Tailoring
line, etc.
Orders will be executed with
the greatest despatch consistent
with correctness of l"'it, Work-
manship, etc.
Prices will be found uniform-
ly moderate : —
Fashionable Tweed Suits, to
measurement, $12 to $18.
The extensive stock of Rcady-
Made Clothing, (native and Im-
ported,) being one of the largest
in Canada, comprises every va-
riety of garments for Centle-
men's and Youths' wear, in all
the American and Canadian
styles of the day :— Gents' Fash-
ionably made Tweed Suits,
$io.5oto $15.00; Youths' $5.50
to$io.5o.
The immense assortment pre-
sented in the newly Imported
Stock, for the present season,
in fine Woollens, Tweeds, Tri-
cots, Mixed and Plain Coatings,
Venetians, Sataras, etc., will
afford ample facilities to all buy-
ers for making their selections.
The best Cutters, and Coat and Pants makers, are engaged; so that
perfect satisfaction will be ensured to customers.
Strangers and tourists are especially invited to visit this Establishment
where they will always receive a cordial welcome.
WALSH & C
CLOTHIERS,
463 NOTEE DAME, NEAK McGILL STREET-
N.B.— Our extensive Stock of Gentlemen's SPRING OVER-COATS, in Meltons,
Venetians, and fine Scotch Tweeds, can compete with anything of the kind in Canada.
CONTENTS.
Page.
7
. 9
. 17
. 19
. 27
.. 29
,. 21
,. 36
Montreal
D(,
The Port
Steamships
City Water AYorks
Municipal Teleyrapli
Drives
Victoria Bri(l'^;c
Nelson's ^loninncnt ^"
Public 8(puiros and Gardens ^^
Churches ^"^
Public Buildings, &c ^^
Victoria Skating Kink 57
Y.M. C. A. Building
Montreal Telegra})!! Companys' New Offices
Bank Buildings ^^
Charitable and Humane Institutions 64
Educational
TO
Places of Amusement •"
Cab Tariff. '^^
To Quebec "^^
Montreal to Ottawa ^^
Business Notices
59
60
ESTj^BLZSHIEID 1818.
SAVAGE, LYMAN & CO.,
226 & 228 St. James Street,
SION OF THE ILLUMINATED CLOCK,
Have constantly in stock a very large assortment of
@eM and Silver \APatefe@s,
JEWELRY
Of All Kinds, and of the Best Descri])tions, and Latest Stj-les.
Electro-Plated Ware, Papier-MacheWare,
nmME, mmm ma other m^m,
Opcrii and ^Marine Glasses,
Microscopes and Barometers,
Gold, Steel and Silver Spectacles,
Leather Bags and Dressing- Cases,
For Ladies and Gentlemen.
— ALSO, —
Pitchers, Jugs, Cups, Goblets, Inkstands, Spoons, Forks, Etc.,
OF THEIR OWN MANUFACTURE.
M^k MiW^t^ hr th(i §ouiitim\ of §Hmdd
OF THE
Celebrated "Ulysse Nardin" Watches and Chronometers.
226 & 228 St. James Street, - 3Iontreal.
Theodoke Lyman. Chas. W. IIaoar. Henry Bikks.
' ^ '':• t;'- ;■■■ ?V. '-- ' ' 'i ' '\
MONTREAL.
AS IT ^VAS AND IS.
The history of Montreal dates back to the year 1535,
when Jacques Cartier first landed on its shores. At tliat
time an Indian Village existed here, called Hochelaga, and
was described by Cartier as follows : —
" It is placed near, and as it were, joined to a great
mountain, very fertile on the top, from which you may
see very far. The town is round, encompassed about with
timber, with three rampires, one within another, framed
like a sharp spire, but laid across above. The middlemost
of these is made and built in a direct line, but perpendi-
cular. The rampires are framed and fashioned Avitli pieces
of timber laid along the ground, very Avell and cunningly
joined after their fashion ; this enclosure is in height about
two rods ; it hath but one gate or entry thereat, which is
shut with piles, stakes and bars; over it, and also in many
parts of the wall, there be places to run along, and ladders
to get up, all full of stones, for the defence of it. There
are in the town about fifty houses, each fifty paCv.o long,
and fifteen or twenty broad, built all of wood, covered
over with the bark of the wood, as broad as any board,
and cunningly joined together. Within are many rooms,
lodgings and chambers. In the midst of every one there
is a great court, in the middle whereof they make
their fires. They live in common together, then do the
husbands, wives and children, each one, retire to their
chambers. They have also in the tops of their houses,
certain garrets, wherein they keep their corn to make their
Devoted Exclusively
TO THE SALE OF
LAGES, SILixvS
j^isriD
'<»
.wQwj li®i®slfll©m
OIP
BRITISH & CONTINENTAL
PRICES MODERATE.
280 Notre Dame St., Montreal-
bread. The people are given to no other exercise, but
only to husbandry and fishing for their existence."
Having seen all that he deemed worthy of notice in the
village, Cartier expressed a wish to ascend the mountain,
and was conducted thither by the natives. From its sum-
mit he discovered an immense extent of fine country,
interspersed with rivers, woods, hills and islands, the sight
of which filled him with feelings of joy and gratification,
In honor of his king he gnve to the elevation the name,
which with small change, has since extended to the city —
« Mount Royal."
MONTREAL
Is built on an island, formed by the partial confluence of
the Ottawa and the St. Lawrence at its western extremity,
and by the perfect confluence of these rivers at its eastern
boundary, after passing along its northern and southern
shores. The island is about 30 miles in length, and at the
widest part about 10 miles in breadth. With the exception
lof the mountain, which rises to the height of about 550
Ifeet, it is nearly level, and forms one of the most fertile
districts of the Province. The climate is particularly favor-
p,ble for the growth of nearly every kind of grain, fruit
and vegetables. The French first began to settle here in
1542, and exactly one century after, the spot destined for
the City was consecrated with due solemnities, commended
to the " Queen of the Angels," and called ViUa Marie, a
name which it retained for a long period. In 1760, it Avas
taken by the English. At tliis lime it was a well-peopled
town of an oblong form, surrounded by a wall flanked with
eleven redoubts — a ditch about eight feet deep, and a pro-
portionate width, but dry, and a fort and citadel, the
batteries of which commanded the streets of the town
from one end to the other. The town was at this time
divided into upper and lower town, the upper town being
the level of the present Court House. In the lower town
the merchants and men of business generally resided, and
here were situated the Royal Magazines, the Armory, the
E. G. MELLOR,
IMPORTED OF
A.A
Ifitefie^: ani |liirai^
^f)
285 Notre Dame Street, Montreal.
Has constantly on hand the LARGEST AND BEST
Stock of fine Gold Jewellery to be found in Canada. All
goods are marked in plain figures, and prices are much lower
than the same quality of goods can be obtained elsewhere.
Mellor's is the only Jewellery Establishment in the
Dominion that has EIGHTEEN LARGE SHOW CASES
filled exclusively with fine Jewellery.
285 Notre Dame Street, Crystal Block,
A fete doors East of the French Cathedral,
Nunnery, Hospitals, &c. In the upper town were the
principal biuldings, such as the palace of the Governor, the
houses of the chief officers, the Convent of the Recollets,
the Jesuit Church and Seminary, the School, and the
Parish Church. The houses were solidly constructed in
that semi-monastic style peculiar to Rouen, Caen, and otlier
towns in Normandy. " The Parish Church was large and
built of stone. The house of the Jesuits was magnificent,
and their Church well built, though their Seminary was
small. The palace of the Governor-General was a large
and fine building, and the neighborhood of the city con-
tained many elegant villas." The following is a descrip-
tion of the city written about the year 1805 : "The streets
are airy and regularly disposed, one of them (St. Paul)
extending nearly parallel to the river, through the entire
length of the place ; they are of sufficient width, being
intersected at right angles by several smaller streets, which
descend from "West to East. The upper street (Notre Dame)
is divided into two by the Roman Catholic church." The
ha1)itations of the principal merchants are neat and com-
modious, and their store-houses are spacious, and secured
against risk by fires, being covered with sheet-iron or tin.
Without this precaution, as the roofs of the dwellings in
Canada are usually formed of boards, and sometimes with
the external addition of shingles, they would, in summer,
become highly combustible, and liable to ignition from a
small spark of fire. The houses which are protected in
the former manner, will last without need of repair, for a
considerable number of years. " The town was enclosed
by a stone fortification, which having fallen into ruins, is
now in a great measure, levelled or removed. " A natural
wharf, very near to the town, is formed by the depth of
the stream, and the sudden declivit}^ of the Dank. The
environs of the city are composed of four streets, extending
in different directions, that of Quebec (St. Mary's) on the
north, St Lawrence towards the west, and RecoUet and St.
Antoine towards the South. In .the..kttev is placed the
college, which has been lately ImiU.} Thas'e, tt>g9tlier with
the town, contain about'-pAOOlnliahit^iits"."*" ' ." "' '
At this time ves^e]s\o'f*'more thah 'tli^ee hundred* t'ons
could not ascend to 'J^Tontreal^ and ^i^s, ^forei.ijn trade Was
carried on by small brigs aiV4' tjaaSse^ 'Jnthv year 1809,
r^
ilffi HffiiKi iBiiMil liii«
This Establih^hmcnt, Avhieh lias been so fiivorably known for the last
five 3-cars, has recently been entirely Eebuilt and Eemodelleb, and
is now without exception the largest and most complete TURKISH
BATII on this coutinent.
To the weary traveller, or visitor to the city on business or pleasure,
the Bath has special claijns- It will cleanse, refresh and impart now
life as no other means can. It promotes the healthful action of the
Skin, Purities the Blood, Ecpuilizes the Circulation, Removes loc and
internal Congestions, Soothes and Tranrpiilizes the Nervous System,
and I'ojuvcnatcs the entire man.
The Swedisli Movement Cure includes the most recent
appliances, aided by steam power.
Tlie Health Lift Cure, foi' general invigoration and devel-
opment.
Hygenic Medication, or the successful treatment of disease
without drugs.
Special Attention devoted to the troatmeut of Chronic Dis-
eases.
Board and !R00niS f'*i" ^ limited number of patients, and also
for others Avho may desii'c to learn to live healthfully, may be obtained
attlio institute. Send for circulars.
P
to
Public B^tili^g; llhuRp : Gentlemen, 6 to 8, a. m., and 2 to 9,
M. . JyaUief>, .VJtli t-lie 'exception ol*' ]\lopday and Saturday, 10, a. m.,
DAVID_?.;A- k'AC?J14N,'M;D., Proprietor,
140 St. Moftique Street, iiei,r' Crystal Palace, Montreal.
18
the Hon. John Molson fitted out at Montreal, the first st'^amer
that ever ploughed the waters of the St. Lawrence, y^ This
was the second steamer built on this continent ; Fulton's
little steamer, which navigated the Hudson river, being the
first.) On the 3rd of November the little craft got up
steam, and made a voyage to Queb2C, where the whole popu-
lation crowded to the wharf to hav^e a look at the phenom-
enon. Its arrival there was chronicled as follows by the
Quebec Mercury, ^^ "On Saturday morning, at eight o'clock,
arrived here from Montreal, being her first trip, the steam-
boat Accommodation, with ten passengers. This is the
first vessel of the kind that ever appeared in this harbour.
She is continually crowded with visitants. Slielei't Montreal
on Wednesday, at two o'clock, so that her passage was sixty-
six hours ; thirty of which she was at anchor. She arrived
at Three Rivers in twenty-four hours. She has at present,
berths for twenty passengers, which next yc.ir will be con-
siderably augmented. No icind or tide can slop Jier. She
has 75 feet keel, and 85 feet on deck. The price r a pas-
sage up is nine dollars, and eight down, the Vi-ssel iipplying
the provisions. The great advantage attending a vessel so
constructed is, that a passage may be calculated on to a
degree of certainty, in point of time ; which cannot l)e the
case with any vessel propelled by sail only. The steam-
boat receives her impulse from an open, double-spoked, per-
pendicular wheel, on each side, without any circular biind
or rim. To the end of each double spoke is iixed a square
board which enters the water, and by the rotatory motion of
the wheels acts like a paddle. Tlie Avheels are put and
kept in motion by steam, operating within the vessel. A
mastis to be fixed in her, for the purpose of using a sail
when the wind is favorable., which will occasionally
accelerate her headway.''
In 1832, the cholera raged in Montreal with great vio-
lence, carrying off 1843 inhabitants in a population of little
more than 30,000. In April 1849, a political mob burnt
the Parliament buildingSjand the seat of Government was in
consequence transferred to Quebec, subsequently to Toronto,
and finally to Ottawa. In July 1852, a destructive fire
laid waste a large portion of the city, burning 110 houses
and destrojdng property valued at ^1,363,264. Notwith-
standing these rever es, the city rapidly recovered, and to-
:r>EDE^E."^'s
ar
mw Mm&t &
®
THE UNDERSIGNED HAVING OPENED A
First-Class Boot and Shoe Store
... IN —
]Vo, STS JVotre I>£tme Street,
Would respectfully inform the Ladiei of Montreal, that they will find a
FrRST-CLASS ASSORTMENT
OF
Ladies', Misses and Cfiildren's Fine Boots and Shoes,
OF THE
Lat&6t Designs and of the Finest Material in the Market.
Having made special arrangements with the best Wholesale I louses in New
York and Boston, as well as in Montreal, we are in a position to offer a superior
article at terms more reasonable than have heretofore been presented to the public.
The Proprietors (late with Burt's Fine Shoe House in New York and Brooklyn)
are well up in the Avants of a Fine Shoe Business, and respectfully solicit a call.
Zate qf Hurt's, Brooklyn.
375 Notre Dame Street.
YIt©l@liI4 ®m.w
;4^^.
JOHX LEWIS & CO.
Lubin's Perfumes,
Atkinson's White Rose,
French and English
Colognes,
Toilet Articles,
&c., &c.
English Ivory Back
Hair Brushes,
Gosnell's Hair Brushes,
Solid Back Tooth and
Nail Brushes,
Mirrors, &c., &c.
Mineral Waters,
YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION BUILDING,
15
day numbers a population of nearly 170,000 people. Years
of industry, intell'jence, enterprise and labor, have pro-
duced u miglitj' contrast to the city as before described.
Now, ocean vessels of 4000 tons, the magnificent floating
palaces of the Richelieu Company, and ships of from 700
to 2000 tons, from all parts of the world, lay alongside the
wharves of the harbour, which are not equalled on this
continent in point of extent, accommodation, approach and
cleanliness. Montreal has now over 200 miles of streets
and lanes, some of the streets are narrow, but the majority
will compare favorably with any on the continent. No-
where can finer or more solid public buildings be found.
The buildings for commercial and other purposes would
dignify any city. There are none in the United States
which present finer specimens of street architecture than are
found — not isolated here and there, but in long blocks and
throughout the whole city, and while we view with pride the
rapid progress made during the last few years, we remem-
ber that appearances point to a still greater advancement in
the future. "Montreal possesses advantages which no other
Canadian city can boast of: In its situation at the con-
fluence of the two greatest rivers, the St. Lawrence and the
Ottawa ; opposite the great natural highway of the Hudson
valley ; at the point where the St. Lawrence ceases to be
navigable for Ocean ships, and where that great river, for
the last time in its course to the sea, afibrds a gigantic
water-power ; at the meeting point of the two races that
divide Canada, and in the centr*^ of a fertile plain nearly
as large as all England; in these we recognize a guarantee
for the future greatness of Montreal, not based on the frail
tenure of human legislation, but in the unchanging decrees
of the eternal, as stamped on the World He ^has made."
'• We know from the study of these indications, that were
Canada to be again a wilderness, and were a second Cartier
to explore it, he might wander over all the great regions of
Canada and the West, and returning to our mountain ridge,
call it again Mount Royal, and say that to this point the
wealth and trade of Canada must turn."
The street bustle is sufficient, and the business activity
enough to convince any one that Montreal is really and heal-
thily prosperous. After all the building improvements of the
few years, which have transferred narrow streets and dingy
Ste. Marie Brothers,
IiaPORTZSRS OF
DRY GOODS,
454 Notre Dame Street,
Strangers and Tourists visiting the City,
will find at this Establishment afitll
and well selected
STOCK OF GOODS.
«@" ExTseriencsd and attentive Clerks only employed, "'©a
,■ ',. 17
». ; n. • •
houses into splendid avenues of palatial shop fronts ; which
have covered the extensive fields with princely residences,
and others with hundreds of factories, and tens of hundreds
of comfortable dwellings, the rage for building seems as
great as ever.
THE PORT.
The Ship Channel. — As already remarked, Montreal is
the point at which Ocean navigation terminates and
inland navigation commences. Prior to 1851, only
vessels of light draught could pass through Lake St Peter
and come up to the wharves ; but a lapse of twenty-two
years shows a great change, for vessels drawing 22 to 23
feet water can now pass down from Montreal to the sea.
Tlie following are some noticeable incidents :
The work of improving the navigation from Montreal to
Quebec by dredging a channel through Lake St. Peter, was
commenced by the Harbor Commissioners of Montreal in
June, 1851 ; and on tbe 3rd of November of the same year,
the ship City of Manchester passed down, drawing 14 feet of
water, when the depth on the flats was 12 feet, — showing
an increase of 2 feet, the dredged channel being then only
75 feet wide.
On the 16th October, 1859, the ship Pride of Canada.,
loaded down to 18 feet 8 inches was taken th aigh, while
there was a depth of 11 feet 8 inches on the flats, showing an
increase of 7 feet, the width of the channel having been
increased to 300 feet.
On the l6th of November, 1865, the ship Ocean was
taken from Sorel to Quebec, drawing 19 feet 8 inches, there
being at that time 10 feet 6 inches on the flats ; and on the
1st December following a test trip was made from Montreal
to Sorel (in the absence of a suitable vessel) by lashing
spars alongside a steamer to the required depth of twenty
feet, thus passing through the Lake when there was a depth
of 11 feet, (the average point of low water) on the flats.
The experiment was deemed satisfactory, — demonstrating
B
OF IIABTFOED, CONI!^.
CASH ASSETS, {July isf,) $2,937,000
GRANTS EVERYTHING 1>ESIRABLE IN
OK THE MOST FAYOUEABLE TEiniS.
Accident Department.
General Accident Policies are written for a term of one to twelve
months each, and insure a sum of 8500 to §10,000 against death by acci-
dent, and $3 to $50 weekly indemnity for wholly disabling injury by
accident (not to exceed twenty-six weeks for any one accident,) at an
annual cost of $5 to $10 per thousand for occuiDations not specially
hazardous. Hazardous risks taken at higher rates.
Life Department,
All policies non-forfeitable. Its ten, fifteen, and twenty year policies
can be converted into endowments, at the option of the insurant. This
feature is original with this company.
G. Batterson, President. | Rodney Denis, Secretary.
W. E. Scott, M. D., Surgeon.
FOSTEK, WELLS & BRINLEY,
General Agents for Dominion.
Office — 199 St. James Street, Montreal.
that the result of sill the hibor since 1851 was an increased
depth of 9 feet, and that at low water there is a channel
20 feet deep from Montreal to the sea. A further deepen-
injj; of the channel has l)een determined upon, so as to give
a dei)th of 2'I feet (and ultimately 21 feet or more) at low
water, to admit of the largest-sized steamships coining up
to the harhour without lighterage.
The Harbour.
The existing wharfage accommodation measures 10,140
lineal feet, or more than three miles. Tiiere are 11,690
feet of wharf-room in 20 feet deptii of water, and 4450 feet
in 10 feet dei)th of water. In addition tiicre are now
under contra-it, part of which is near completion,
17,900 feet of new wharf at dilTerent points from
Mill street to llochclaga, of which more than one half is in
24 feet depth of ^fater.
The Wharves.
The wharves are surmounted by a massive cut stone wall,
along the height of which is a pleasant promenade and wide
street, affording a fine view of the river and its shipping,
There are numerous inclined planes from the wharves
by which carriages ascend to the street above ; and the
whole, for appearance, commodiousness and cleanliness, is
unexcelled by any port on the continent.
STEAMSHIPS.
During the past year there were 52 steamships plying
regularly between Montreal and ports in the Unilcd King-
dom, (besides transient steamers)— this port being only
second to New York in point of importance.
THE ALLAN LINE OF STEAMSHIPS.
The story of the growth of the Allan Company is to a
great extent identical with the history of the rise and
CROMWELL, ANNBTT & CO.
90 Wellington Street, Montreal,
IRON FOUNDERS,
AND MANUFACTURERS OP
(Which melts Sixteen Pounds of Iron with one of Coal)
Miller's ComlDined Fire Escape and Extinguisher,
&c., &c.
Orders solicited for all DeacHptions of
CASTINGS,
"Which will receive prompt attention.
MONTREAL MACHINERY AGENCY.
We are prepared to contract for delivery, in good order, at any
Wharf or Eailroad Depot in Canada, SINGLE TOOLS
or COMPLETE OUTFITS of
.t..t A.A A A
\im mi I'iui ♦ |Qf Mag |a5l{iRif|,
From the leading IManufacturers in Canada and the United States.
Diamond Emery Wheels and Clrinder.s, Sturtovant's Blowers and
Exhaust Fans, Patent Cold EoUed Shafting, Turned Shafting,
Hangers, Pulleys, Mill Gearing, Belting and Hose, Wheels
and Wire Rope for transmission of Power long distances,
Hoisting Machines and Patent Gas Machines for
Hotels, Factories and Warehouses, Band Sawing
Machinery, (for Log Sawing, Re-Sawing,
Pattern-Making, &c.,) Perin's French
Band Saw Blades, Fire and Bui-g-
lar-Proof Safes, &c.
Brotherhood's ) Low-Priced^ Serviceable and unsurpassed in Quality,
CVl TTvm'F'R I '""^ *^ attached direct to rapid working Sfachin-
Q^GINE. ' ^'"y» Screw Fropellors, ^c.
JAS. R. ANHETT, 90 Wellington St., Montreal.
3
progress of the Dominion of Canada. Its presetit position,
in the first rank of Steamships lines, is an eloquent testi-
mony, not only to the resources of Canada, but to the
indomitable energy with which the fortunes of the
Dominion haTe, in the face of all sorts of difficulties,
been built up, and with which they are now being guarded
and encouraged. The present name, the " Montreal Ocean
Steamship Company," was given to the firm in 1856.
Prior to that time it was known, and is still more familiarly
known, as the Allan Line. It has a long and honorable
pedigree, for the partners now coming in are of the third
generation. More than half a century ago Alexander
Allan, of Glasgow, possessed a fleet of sailing ships trading
between the Clyde and St Lawrence, Montreal being then,
as it is now, the Canadian head quarters of the house. It
will thus be seen that the Allan connexion with Canada is
of a very old date, and that the Company which is now
identified with the vigorous maturity of Canada's commerce,
was, so to speak, present at its birth. For many years the
trade was carried on by Mr. Alexander Allan, who was
succeeded by his sons, Mr. James Allan, Mr. Bryce Allan,
and Mr. Alexander Allan, jr., who continued to run the
sailing fleet from Glasgow to Montreal, and likewise esta-
blished a service from Liverpool to Montreal. In the mean-
time Mr. Hugh Allan [now Sir Hugh Allan], who came out to
Montreal at an early age, became a member of the firm,
with Mr. Andrew Allan, constituting the five Allan
brothers in whose name the operations of the Company
have been conducted. Within the last few years some
younger membersof the Allan family have been introduced.
As an instance of the vast development of the Canadian
trade, it maybe stated that up to the year 1840 some seven
or eight sailing ships, of 300 to 400 tons, were sufiicient to
conduct all the trade that then existed. Now, the Allan
Company alone possess 25 steamers and 13 sailing ships,
with a gross tonnage of nearly 70,000 tons, the bulk of
which is engaged in the Dominion trade. The gross ton-
nage cleared inwards and outwards at the ports of the
Dominion, amounted last year to over 13 million tons.
From the year 1840 to 1850 the sailing fleet of the Allan's
was increased according to the requirements of the Canadian
trade, which were attentively watched by the principals,
RAILWAY
Tbo Great International Route between the
THE ONLY THROUGH ROUTE TO
AND ALL POINTS IN CANADA.
THROUGH EXPRESS TRAINS LEAVE
Boston, Portland & Buffalo
FOK
Detroit Sc Chicago
Connecting with all the Roads diverging from those Cities.
PULLMAN PALACE AND SLEEPING CAES
Baggage Checked Through.
FARES LESS THAN BY ANY OTHER ROUTE.
Through Tickets, Time Tables, and reliable information may be ob-
tained at all the principal Ticket Offices in the United
States and Canada.
JOS. HICKSON, WM. WAINWRIGHT,
Secretary & Treasurer, General Passenger Agent,
Montreal. Montrbal.
WILLIAM O'BRIEN, Agent,
143 St. James Street, next door to the St. Lawrence Hall,
MONTREAL.
- 23 ...
two of whom had a long practical experience of it, having
commanded their own trading ships, and being, therefore,
perfectly acquainted with the growing necessities of the
commerce. In this respect ; the practical acquaintance with
life at sea, the Allan Company are particularly fortunate,
for it enables them to discern things which shuuld be done
in regard to ships, which would not be obvious to persons
devoid of practical experience. One singular result of it
should be noted, namely, that the majority of the captains
in the service have grown up with it, and been, so to speak,
educated in the Company.
About the year 1850, the various Provinces now form-
ing the Canadian Dominion, awoke from a long lethargy,
and, insi^ired no doubt by what was passing in the United
States, determined to enter with determination into the
struggle for recognition as a power in the world, ^i he
leading men of Canada began to turn their minds to the
development of the country by Railroads, Canals, &c., and
the establishment of regular and rapid communication with
the mother country. The enormous stream of navigation
which was flowing towards the United States attracted
their attention, and in some degree naturally aroused their
envy. They could not quietly sit down without an attempt
to find out whether there were not hundreds and thousands
of Englishmen, Scotchmen, and Irishmen, who, while they
desired to emigrate, yet did not relish the notion of desert-
ing the old flag.
One of the results of this awakening, was, that nego-
tiations were entered into by the Allan Company for the
establishment of a line of Steamships to accommodate the
growing trade between Canada and Great Britain, and to
carry the mails.
The English branches of the firm at this time, were
Messrs. James and Alexander Allan, of Glasgow, and Mr.
Bryce Allan of Liverpool, possessing a sailing fleet of 15
vessels.
The sailing traditions of the Company, although they
are fast dying out, are still represented by the considerable
fleet before mentioned. In the year 1853, two fine iron
steamships upon the screw principle, were added to the
Allan fleet. These were the Canadian and the Indian
each of about 1500 tons burthen and about 2oO horse-power.
CANADIAN NAVIGATION COMPT.
BETWEEN
MOiTRlil, KIRGSIiii, lOiilO, HilHILTili,
AND INTERMEDIATE PORTS.
This Line composed of the following first-class Side Wheel Steamers, viz :
CORSICAN (Composite) Capt- Sinclair
SPARTAN " " Dunlop
CORINTHIAN " " Farrell
PASSPORT '• " Simpson
ALGERIAN (New) " " Carmichael
MAGNET " " McCoy
(iiinnn()(|iie at 12.45 p.m.
KiriKStim , at 5.30 "
Coboiirg at 1-30 a.m.
Port Ilopo at 2.10 "
DiiilinKttn at 330 "
Toronto at 8.00 "
Arriving at Hamilton at 10.4-5 ♦•
Will xjcave the Canal Basin,
Montrenl, every morning, [Sundays
excepted] at 9. 00 a.m.
Lachinn at 12.l!0 p.m.
Valleyfield at 6. .30 ••
Cornwall at 0.30 "
Dickinson's Landing at 2 00 a.m
Pre,«(!(itt at 0.20 "
Brockvillo at 10.30 "
iMAKlNG DIRECT CONNECTIONS
AT PliESCOTT AND BliOCKVILLE,
With the Railways for Ottawa, Kemptville Perth, Arnprior,
■Versailles
■P. S.& C.Juno.. ■
■St Johns
7i
5;
4i
24
2
3
3
2I
No. 2.
EXPRESS.
Arrive.
1^02p.m,
12.45
12.30
12.23
12.03
11.51
11.45
11.33
11.26
11.16
11.10
11.05
1057
1052
10.35
lO^OO
A.M.
Leave.
No. 4.
EXPRESS
AND
HAIL.
Arrive.
9.20p.m.
8.56
8.36
8.26
7.58
7.41
7.32
7.15
7.01
6.56
6.44
6.37
6^32
6.23
6.17
6 00
5^35
5.17
5.07
5.00
P.M.
Leave.
No. 6.
WAY
PREIOHr.
Arrive.
5.14p.m.
4.34
3.45
3.10
1.56
1.19
12^42
11.59
11.31
11.11
10.44
10.22
10.05
9.29
9.10
7.20
8.00
6.00
A.If.
Leave.
No. 5 runs Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.
No. 6 runs Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.
27
St. David, Corinthian, Manitohan, Caspian, Moravian,
Hibernian, Peruvian, Nesiorian, Austrian, Prussian,
Scandinavian, Sarmatian, Polynesian, and the Circassian.
The Company have now in course of construction, in the
yard of Messrs. Steele & Co., of Greenock, the Sardinian,
which will be the largest of the fleet, being of 4,200 tons,
and 675 horse-power. The steamers are not classed at
Lloyds, nor with the Liverpool underwriters, the owners
having their own standards of strength, &c., which,
however, are much in excess of the requirements of
Lloyd's.
TEMPERLEYS LONDON LINE
Consists of seven Steamships, plying between London and
Montreal.
THE DOMINION LINE
Have six first class Steamships, plying between Liverpool
and Montreal.
THE LINE FROM BARROW-ON-FURNESS
To Montreal, includes seven Steamships.
THE BEAVER LINE
Consists of eight Steamships, plying regularly between
Liverpool and Montreal.
CITY WATER WORKS.
The city is supplied with water, brought from the River
St. Lawrence, at a point beyond the Lachine Rapids, to the
wheel house, by an aqueduct. The pumping machinery
consists of two breast-wheels, capable of raising 5,000,000
gallons every twenty-four hours, and a powerful turbine
wheel, calculated to raise nearly as much as the breast-wheels
— two auxilliary steam-engines having been addedj with a
pumping-power of 3,750,000 gallons each, in twenty-four
■'▼ ■
Montreal and Boston
■VXJ^
Central taoir Riilroad.
FiLinm DiY m siEipmi; uii
Th^^ugh ^^iih^ni Cfem^^e^
Trains leave Montreal frona Bonaventuro St. Station,
9.15 A. M. Day Express,
With Pullman Parlor Car, Arriving in Boston 10.20 p. M. same night.
3.45 P. M. Night Express,
With Pullman Palace Sleeping Car, arriving at Springfield, 6.30 a. m.;
Concord, 5.20 a. m.; Manchester, 6.00 A.m.; Lowell, 7.00 a. m.; Law-
rence, 7.30 A. M.; Worcester, 9.25 A. m.; BOSTON, 8.35 A. m.
For tickets and full information, please call at
136 St. James Street, Montreal.
JF. PICABD, Ticket Agent.
L. MILLS, G-en. Supt. Traffic, ) ^m att3A1»j<5 vt
S. W. CUMMINGS, Pass. Agt. ] ^^- ^^^^^^^' v^-
hours. These force the water up into reservoirn, situated
on McTavish Street, at a height of two hundred feet above
the level of low water in the river, having a capacity of
about 20,000,000 gallons. The enlargement of these is in
progress, by which the water storage will be increased to
over 35,000,000 gallons. There is also a reservoir at
Coteau Barron, about 130 feet above the low-water level of
the river, which contains 4,000,000 gallons. In view of
the increase of population, it will, at no distant day, be
necessary to make further additions to the reservoirs ; and
doubtless any new project of that kind will be on a much
larger scale than has hitherto been contemplated. The
water is distributed to all parts of tlie city, through nearly
104 miles of pipes. Besides the public fire hydrants, sev-
eral have been erected by private individuals, making the
whole number 642. Water service is supplied to 16,025
dwellings, giving 22,246 water tenants.
MUNICIPAL TELEGRAPH.
The Fire, Water and Police Departments of the the City
Government are thoroughly connected by Kennard & Co.'s,
Fire Alarm and Police Telegraph, which was brought into
operation on the 19th January, 1863. The Central Police
Station is thus in constant communication with the other
.©teiions throughout the city, and the chief could instantly
'if^centrate his forces in case of emergency. By the same
agency the Superintendent of the Water Works can com-
municate with the attendants at the wheel-house, work-
shops, and reservoirs.
For facilitating the movements of the Fire Department.
Montreal is divided into four districts. There are signal-
boxes placed throughout the city, at comparatively short
distances apart; an alarm [giving the number of the station]
is sounded on a church-bell, in each district, and tapped in
every signal-box throughout the city, generally within a
minute from the time when the intelligence was first com-
municated. Tke Fire Brigade company, therefore, go
lONTRlAL, CHIMBLI I SORSL
RAILWAY.
Summer Arrangement,
Comfnencinf/ the 4th May, 1874,
STATIONS. A. M. p. M.
MONTREAL 8.45 5.15
o T 1. + ( ^-08 \ 5.45
^- ^^^^^^^^^"^ i 9.35 1 5.50
Chambly Basin 10.15 625
Chambly Canton 10.20 630
Eichelieu 10.30 6.40
STATIONS. A. M. p. M.
Eichelieu 7,35 4.35
Chamblv Canton 7.45 4.45
Chambly Basin 7.50 4.50
Q, T , . ( 8.20 ( 5.25
St. Lambert | 3 25 } 5.45
MONTREAL 8.50 6.15
ASHLEY HIBBABD,
.1 . . Manager.
• ■ - ^- .z . -r ... . .:-:. --:'^: \
.. , r # ■ ■ .• ; •■• ,
31
almost direct to the place where a fire has occurred. The
642 fire-hydrants are located at from 300 to 600 yards
apart, each capable of supplying two streams of water
with the force of jets from steam fire-engines. Ten years
experience with the fire-alarm telegraph has given a sense
of security to the public, that the occurrence of such con 11a-
grations as have in times past devastated large portions of
the city is rendered almost impossible. The
Central Fire Station is situated at the corner of Craig and
Chenneville streets. It is three storeys in height, with a
cut stone front on the former, and 100 feet of brick and
stone dressing on the latter street. Over the doors and
windows are bold projecting mouldings, and a massive cor-
nice runs along the eaves, from which rises in the middle a
pediment which is decorated with the city arms and the
words " Central lire Statiot^y^ and surmounted with ;i Hag
stair. The ground floor contains four compartments, the
middle one being divided by sliding doors. In the fore-
most of these divisions stand the reels, hook and ladder
waggon, and fire escape, convenient for immediate access
to the street, Down one side of the back division stretches
a hose washing trough, fifty-one feet long, at one end of
which is a hydrant for testing the strength of the hose, at
the other end of the trough is a tower, fifty feet high, in
which the hose is hung to dry after being washed and
tested, near this tower are stalls for the horses, on the same
floor is a workshop, and a room for the watchman to sit
during the niglit. The whole interior arrangements are of
the most comfortable and convenient character.
DRIVES.
The Canadian carriage is kept with scrupulous neatness,
the drivers are your willing and obliging servants, knowing
every inch of the routes by which they convey you, and
the charges, unlike American coaching fares, do not spoil
the fairest prospects by threatening total ruin to your
finances. . • . ,.' - >. -
I'
fie Eailway & Newspaper
X>4^ (LIMITED.) ^/?i
Incorporated by Letters Patent, 32-33 Vic., Cap. 13/
199 St. James, corner of St. Peter Sts.
MONTREAL.
-:o:
3di:e?.eoto-e^s.
T. E. FOSTEE, Esq. M. H. GAULT, Esq.
HENRY SHACKELL, Esq, F. E. aiLMAN, Esq.
A. W. OaiLVIE, Esq.
T. E. Foster, President. Henry Shackell, Vice-Pres.
Edwin Kemp, Secretary-Treasurer.
-:o:-
Contracts Made for
CARDS IN STATIONS
Advertisements in all Papers in the Donfiinion.
Free Reading Room open to all at their Offices, from 9 A. m. to 6 p. m.
'Illiii ill
88
AROUND THE MOUNTAIN.
The drive around the mountain, is certainly one which
it would be difficult, for natural beauty, to surpass. On a
clear, bright day, the view from any point of the drive is
magnificent; several hundred feet l3elow is spread out a
gorgeous panorama of ever varying beauty, aifording
commanding and attractive views of the Canadian metro-
polis, and the great river of the north. Well stocked and
highly cultivated farms attest the prosperity of the
husbandman ; comfortable homesteads, nestling mid a
luxurious growth, dot the landscape ; here and there broad
belts of forest shade the view and form afringework to the
picture ; looming up faintly shadowed in the distance, the
far off hills of Vermont rear their summit, while, like a
silver thread winding through the valley, the majestic St.
Lawrence flows onward to the sea, spanned at this point by
the Victoria Bridge, one of the greatest modern specimens
of engineering skill. Handsome private dwellings, faced
Avitli ^'ardens laid out with great taste, line the roadway
and add to the beauty of the scene.
TO LACniNE.
The drive to Lachine [U miles] is one of great interest.
Lachine is the summer residence of many Montrealers, and
has become famous bv its annual regattas. It is noted as
l)eing the scene of a terrible massacre of the whites by the
lro([uois Indians, in the j-ear 1G89, when over two hundred
persons were burned alive. Caughnawauga, an Indian
Village, is situated immediately opposite, and is connected
by a steam ferry.
The Lachine road leads nlong the Ijank of the St.
Lawrence and comnumds views of scenery of unsurpassed
beauty and grandeur.
TO LONGUE POINTE.
Another favorite drive is in an opposite direction to the
last, to Longue Pointe, passing through the Village of
Hochelaga. The river scenerv in this direction is vcrv
fitie, and of (j[uite a difierent character from that west of
34
the City. The villages of Longueuil, Boucherville, and
Varenjies may be seen on the opposite side of the river,
MOl) TT ROYAL CEMETERY.
Is situated on the east side of the iiountain, about two
miles from the City. The approach to it is by a winding
carriage way, passing through which may be seen many of
the wild beauties of nature, and from several points on the
road there are beautiful views to be had in every direction.
The road, which is kept in the finest condition, is planted
on each side with trees. The gateway at the entrance is
a beautiful structure of cut stone, with iron gates.
From the main entrance, avenues diverge towards differ-
ent parts of the Cemetry ; that on the right leading to the
winter vaults. In passing through the grounds the visitor
sees many little nooks, under the overhanging foliage of
trees, which grow in all their natural wildness, and whose
deep shadows spread a refreshing coolness around, and
invite him to rest on the garden seats which are placed in
different parts. On the highest summit in the Cemetry are
built the vaults of the Molson family, which are said to be
the most extensive and costly private vaults on the con-
tinent, Looking from this eminence the eye ranges over a
most enchanting picture of rural scenery, in the distance
rises a part of Mount Royal, clothed with its primeval
forests, while immediately below lies the most finished
and beautiful portion of the Cemetry, with its costly
granite monuments, or more humble marble or stone tablets
gleaming among the foliage and flowers.
THE LACHINE EAPIDS.
One of the most delightful, as well as most exciting
experiences of the visitor to Montreal, is the descent of the
Lachine Rapids. A train leaves Bonaventure station every
morning at 7 o'clock for Lachine, [9 miles] where a staunch
steamer is in readiness, on which passengers may embark
and return to the city; shooting the rapids, and passing
under Victoria bridge on the way. This little trip shoul^
on no account be omitted from the tourist's programme
The time consumed is but little more than two hours, bui
86
the sensations of those two hours, are such as will not be
forgotten during a lifetime.
The following description of the descent of the rapids,
taken from an American newspaper, will be found interest-
ing
•'Here a boat came off from the village [the Indian
village of Caughnawauga] and brings an Indian. He is a
fine looking man, apparently about 60 years of age; he
came on board to pilot the boat over the Lachine, which is
the last but most dangerous of the rapids. As the boat
moves onward to the rapids, all the passengers are anxious
to get a good position in order to have a good view of the
heaving, breaking and laughing waters. As we near the
rapids, we appear to be running upon a small grass crowned
rocky island. Indeed the bow of the boat is so near that
it appears to be impossible to clear it, we look to see if the
pilot is at the helm. Yes, there he stands, the Captain at
his post in front ot the wheel-house, and the Indian pilot,
with three other strong men at the wheel ; and as we look
at the calm countenance cf the Indian, and see that his
bright eye does not so much as wink, but is fixed steadily
upon his beacon, whatever it may be, and that the wheels-
men are fullv under his control, we feel that, with his
v 7 7
skill, care, and knowledge of the way, we may banish fear
from our thoughts. He guides the boat among the Islands
and rocks, over tlie rapids and through the intricate chiin-
nels, as easily as a skillful horseman reins a high spirited
charger.
As quick as thought the boat glides away from these
rocks, which it appears impossible to avoid, but the pilot
apparently is insensible to fear, though not to the responsi-
bility that rests upon him He is aware, and all are aware,
that one false move and all is lost : for the current is so
swift, the seas run so high, and the boat is driven so rapidly,
that one touch upon a rock would shiver her to atoms.
Although the passage of the rapids appears to be so danger-
ous, a sense of pleasure and excitement takes the place of
fear."
36
THE VICTORIA BRIDGE.
The Victoria Bridge, (built imd(;r the superintendence
of the celebrated Robert Stephenson) the longest and larg-
est bridge in the world, is that known as the tubular or beam
bridge, and consists of a series of iron tubes resting on 24
stone piers, with a distance between each pier of 242 feet,
except the centre opening, which is 330 feet in length, its
total length between the abutments is 6,600 feet, or a mile
and a quarter. The bridge is approached by massive
embankments, the one on the Montreal side being 1,200
feet, and that on tlie South shore 800 feet in length, which
together, including the abutments, make the total length of
the bridge, 9084 feet, or nearly a mile and three quarters.
The cost of this gigantic structure was $6,300,000. In
its erection 250,000 tons of stone, and 8,000 tons of iron
have been used.
The following are the dimensions of the tube through
which the trains pass, viz ; in the middle span, 22 feet
high, 16 feet wide; at the extreme end, 19 feet high, 16
feet wide. The height above summer water level in the
centre opening is 60 feet, descending to eitber end at tlie
rate of one in 130. The foundat )n stone was laid on the
2-2nd .Tuly 1854, and the l)ridge was completed in 1860.
It is u^^ed only for railway transit. No train is allowed
to enter the bridge without a written permit from the
proper officer, thus insuring exemption from collision or
accident; the passage occupies about six minutes, though
seeming much longer to the passenger, as it is somewhat
cheerless. The river beneath the bridge has a swift cur-
rent and the piers are calculated to withstand immense
pressure from descending masses of ice.
NELSON'S MONUMENT.
This monument, erected to the memory of the hero of
Trafalgar, stands in Jacques Cartier square. The founda-,
tion stone was laid on the ITth August, 1808. The monu-
37
ment is built of limestone, and the ornaments are of a
composition invented by Coade and Seely of London, Eng.,
and were executed by them. The base is square, six and a
half feet broad on each side, and about 10 feet high. From
the top of this a circular shaft or column rises 50 feet in
height, and 5 feet in diameter. It is of the Doric order,
and finished with mouldings. On the top of the pillar is
a square tablet, the whole surmounted with a statue of
Nelson eight feet in height. The likeness is well preserved
and the attitude judiciously chosen. He is dressed in
full uniform, and decorated with the insignia of the vari-
ous orders of nobility conferred upon him. The principal
ornaments are in panels on the four sides of the base or
pedestal, and are emblematical of the principal events In
the professional life of the hero. On the west side, there
is on the plinth of the base, a figure of a crocodile, emble-
matical of the battle of the Nile. On the panel on this
side, are cannon, anchors, and other naval trophies, with
a laurel wreath, which surrounds the following inscrip-
tion : —
" In Memory of —
THE RIGHT HONORABLE VICE ADMIRAL LORD VISCOUNT NELSON,
DUKE OF BRONTE
Wlio terminated his career of Naval glory in the memorable
Battle of Trafalgar,
On the 21st October, 1805,
After ineuleating b)' signal, this sentiment.
Never to be forgotten by his Country :
" England expects every man will do his duty,"
This monmnental colMm:; -«as erected by the
Inhabitants of IMontreal,
In the year 1808."
The east panel contains a representation of the interview
between Lord Nelf.on and the Prince Royal of Denmark, on
the landing of the former after the engagement off Copen-
hagen. The inscription reads;
"The Riglit Honorable Vice Admiral Lord Vis( ount Nelson, Duke of Bronte, after
having, on the 2nd April, 1801, with ten sail of tlie line anil two ships of 50 guns,
taken and destroyed the Danish line, moored for tlie defence of Copenhagen, cimsist-
ing of six sail of the line, eleven ship batteries, supported by tiie Crown and other
batteries, uisi)layed equal precision and fortitude in tlie subseiiuentnegotiations and
arrangements with tlie Danish Government; whereby the effusion of human blood
was spared, and the claims of his country established."
38
On the north side of the base is represented the battle of
the Nile, with the following inscription :
"On the first and second days of Angnst, 1798, Rear Admiral Sir Horatio Ni-lson,
with a Ikitish fii.et of 12 sail of the line, and a ship of 50 guns, dufeatod in Ahouiiir
bay, a French fleet of 13 sail of the line, and four Frigates, without the loss of a
British ship."
The south side commemorates the battle of Trafalgar,
and also bears the following inscription :
"On the 2lst October, 1805, the British fleet of twcntj'-seven sail of the line, com-
manded by the Right Hon. Viscount Nelson, Duke of Bronte, attacked off Trafal-
gai', tin; combiiud fleets of France and t-'paiii, of thirty-three snil of the line, com-
mandefl by Admirals Vilieneuve and Graviiia, when the latter were defeated, with
the loss of nineteen sail of the line captured or destroyed. In this memorable
action, his country has to lament the loss of her greatest naval hero, but not a single
ship."
The monument was surrounded by a rough iron railing,
the whole being enclosed within a chain, which was sup-
ported by eight pieces of cannon furnished by Sir George
Drummond, then commander of the forces in Canada. The
cost was £1,300 stg.
PUBLIC SQUARES AND GARDENS.
The principal one, known as Viger Square or garden, is
situated on Craig and St. Denis streets. It contains three
fountains, the largest one being in the cmtre of the square.
Close by this fountain is a neat conservatory for the pro-
pogation of flowering roots, &c., for the decoration of this,
and other city squares. The grounds are beautifully laid
out, and the utmost care and great discrimination has
been displayed in the choice of trees and shrubs, which
are plentifully cultivated.
VICTORIA SQUARE.
At the head of McGill street, is neatly laid out, the centre
being occupied by a large fountain. Being comparatively
a new scfuare, the trees are yet but small. At the south
end of this square is placed the beautiful bronze
39
STATUE OF HER MAJESTY QUEEN VICTOllIA.
This work of art is from the studio of Mr. Marshall
Wood, and was presented to the city by H. E. the Governor
General, on the 21st November 1872. The cost of the
statue was about $3,000, — together with the pedestal, tiie
latter the gift of the Corporation.
Besides the above, the city posesses several smaller
squares, such as Richmond square at the extreme end of
St. Antoine street ; Philips square between St. Catharine
and Dorchester streets ; Custom House square between St.
Paul and Commissioners streets ; Jacques Cartier square,
between Notre Dame street and the river, and Place
d' Amies square between St. James and Notre Dame streets,
and immediately opposite tlie cathedral of Notre Dame.
All these form pleasant resorts in the summer months,
and afford pleasing recollections of the country to the
passers-by.
CHAMP DE MARS.
This spot, now the property of the Dominion Go^^ern-
ment, was formerly held by the Imperial Government, and
used by them as a parade, or drill ground, for the use of
the troops. It is 240 yards long by 120 wide, and is
perfectly level. On the embankment next to Notre Dame
street a range of stai'.s extends along the whole length of
the parade, for the accomodation of citizens during the
public reviews &c.. Along the upper part of the stairs is a
broad terrace which serves as an agreeable promenade.
It is situated immediately in rear of the Court House.
MOUWT ROYAL PARK.
The City has recently acquired a large property on the
slope ot the Mountain, for the use of the Citizens as a
pu1)lic park, which for beauty and variety, for its accessi-
bility to the City, for size, and for the magnificence of the
prospect which it commands, stands unrivalled in the
world.
40
CHURCHES.
CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL. (EPISCOPAL.)
" This cliurcli, which is unquestionably the most beauti-
ful specimen of ecclesiastical architecture in Canada, Avas
opened for divine service on Sunday, November 27th, 18G0.
It was designed by Mr. F. Mills, [formerly of Salisbury,
England.] It is of the cruciform plan and consists of a nave
and aisles 112 feet long and 70 feet wide ; transepts 100 feet
across the tower, and 25 feet wide ; tower 29 feet square ;
and choir, 46 feet long and 28 feet wide, with aisles for
organ chamber. The spire, which is entirely of stone, rise?
to a height of 224 feet.
Connected with the choir is the robing room and clerk'f<
room, and half detached from this an octagonal building
containing the chapter house and diocesan library.
Internally, the nave, 67 feet high, has an open roof, the
timbers of which are worked and carved. Two ranges of
columns and arches separate the nave from the aisles. The
capitals of these columns are carved and designed from Can-
adian plants. The four end arches of the naves spring
from sculptured heads, representing the four evangelists,
The ceiling of the choir is elaborately illuminated in blue
and Vermillion, and spangled with golden stars. The wheel
window on the St. Catharine street front is in colored glas?
[the gift of the School Children] and also the four small
windows underneath representing the four major prophets;
the whole of the windows in the clerestory of the choir are
in colored glass. The altar window is of the most chaste
and elegant description. The transept windows and the
windows in the end of the aisles are also of painted glass.
The pews ai-e all low, with carved ends and without doors,
The stalls in each side of the choir are finely carved.
The reredos is laid with encaustic tiles, chocolate-colored
ground, with ^Icar dc Us in green. On one side of the altar
are the sidilia for the clergy, of exquisite workmanship.
Three arched canopies, on polished stone columns, support
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41
the aeais ; at cither aidea are busts of the Queen, and of
the late Bishop of the diocese. Over the arches is carved,
and the letters, ilUiiuinated, " Oh worship the Lord in the
beauty of Holiness." The font is a beautiful specimen of
stone carving, executed in England. The organ is by Hill
of London, and tlie clock and bells are also of English
manufacture.
Tlie edifice is ^niilt of Montreal limestone, with dressing
of stone imported expressly from Caen in Nornumdy. The
entrance porch on St. Catharine street is beautifully carved,
The cost of the building was about £40,000 sterling."
ST. GEORGES CHURCH. (EPISCOPAL.)
Is a very beautiful edifice, situated on the corner of St.
Francois de Salles and St. Janvier streets. The material
of the building is Montreal stone, Ohio sandstone being
used for the decorative parts. Everything about it is solid
as well as tasteful, Uf^cful as well as ornamental, made to
endure ns well as to deligkt.
The massive gothic entrance, attractive and beautiful,
though without any profusion of ornament, with the modest
symbols of church and crown, strong in their inherent right,
is an excelleat vestibule, to a church which bears the name
of England's patron saint.
On entering, the attention is at once engaged with the
spaciousness of the edifice. It is cruciform, and the transepts
add <;r(;atly to its capacitj". The roof, stained and var-
nished, is lofty, and gives an air ol' venerable majesty to
to the whole interior. The chancel is spacious, though not
very deep.
In the transept there are but three windows; in the
chancel, five. 'I he central one is dedicated to the memory
of the late metropolitan. The subject of it is the "Sermon
on the Mount," surmounting it is the Fulford arms, quart-
ered, with the arms of the Diocese of Montreal. The
neighboring Avindow on the right is dedicated to the
memory of the late Hon. George Moffiitt. These windows,
in beauty of workmanship match anything to be seen in
Montreal.
The windows in the chancel and throughout the church
are chaste and subdued — the pattern being a pretty lozenge
42
of pale yellow color, with a border ot red, blue or green.
Over the chancel arch of the church are the words, " Holy,
holy, holy is the Lord Gcd Almighty," and over the choir
arches ; '' I will sing with the spirit and I will sing with
the understanding," and " Singing and making melody in
in your hearts to the the Lord."
The window tracery and chancel decorations are very
tasteful. The transepts are 45 feet in length by 24 feet
deep. The nave is 104 feet long by 24 deep ; the chan-
cel and choir together are 40 feet deep. The gas pend-
ants are of singularly beautiful workmanship. There are
ten — five on each side, besides the one in front of the
chancel. The utmost intelligence and foresight have been
expended on every detail of this fine church.
TRINITY CHURCH (EPISCOPAL.)
Situated on the north west corner of Viger Square and
St. Denis street, is of the early English Gothic style of
architecture, and is built entirely of Montreal stone. The
building is 167 feet in length, by 7G in breadth, including
the tower and chancel. Total height of tower and spire,
168 feet. The Church will seat 1250.
The other Episcopal churches, are St. Thomas', on St.
Mary street, St. Stephens,' Dalhousie Street, St. Luke's,
Dorchester street, Church of St. James the Apostle, St.
Catharine street. Church of St. John the Evangelist,
Dorchester street, St Mary's church, Hochelaga.
KNOX'S CHURCH, (PRESBYTERIAN.)
This Church, which was opened for public worship in
December 1865, is built in the early English style of Gothic
architecture, and consists of a nave and side aisles, and
pulpit recess. The principal entrance is through a large
open porch, and there are two side entrances giving access
to the galleries and basement. The nave, arches and roof,
are supported on light piers, which also carry the galleries,
and these latter are made to project octagonally between
the piers, thus relieving their usually stiff and formal
appearance. The ceilings are plastered, and the roof
timbers formed so as to divide them into panels ; the ceiling
43
over the pulpit recess is groined, and forms as it were, a
sounding board for the speaker. The pulpit itself is a
spacious platform, having a handsome Gothic balustrade in
front, worked in black walnut.
The windows are lilled with glass of diaper pattern,
with a stained margin around the difterent compartments •
the rose window, over the south gallery is filled entirely
with stained glass, and with its varied colors produces a
beautiful effect. The pews on the ground floor are
arranged on a circular plan, and with the galleries, afford
accomodation for about 1000 persons. The church is built
of Montreal stone ; the ashlar work in small, even courses
of natural faced stone, the qoins, strings, weatherings &c.,
being dressed. The columns of the porch are of similar
stone highly polished, producing very much the eflect of
Per beck marble.
ST. GABRIEL STREET CHURCH. [PRESBYTERIAN.]
This Church was built in the year 1792, It is 60 feet in
length and 48 feet in breadth, and will seat 750 persons,
It has a small steeple which contains a bell, said to be the
first Protestant bell sounded in Canada. It is a plain
structure, and remarkable only on account of its age.
AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
DORCHESTER STREET.
Built in 1865-6. Is an exact copy of Park church in
Brooklyn, N.Y. Its length is 144 feet and tlie width 86
feet, has two towers, one being finished Avith a spire rising
200 feet above the street. Will seat 1,200.
ST. ANDREWS. [CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.]
BEAVER HALL HILL.
Built in 1850, opened for public worship in January
1851. It is somewhat after the style of the celebrated
Salisbury Cathedral. The building is of Montreal stone,
with a tower and spire 180 feet in height.
Interior dimensions; 90 feet by 65 feet. Will seat
about 1,000 persons. Was destroyed by fire in 1869, but
rebuilt according to the original plan.
44
ST. PAULS CHURCH. [PRESBYTERIAN.]
Is situated on the corner of Dorchester and St. Genevieve
streets. The building is in the style known as the decora-
tive Gothic. "Will seat about 1,000 persons.
Rev. Dr. Jenkens is the present minister.
ERSKINE CHURCH, (CANADA PRESBYTERIAN.)
Was huilt in 1865. Size of building 136 by 79 feet.
The walls are of rough Montreal stone, in small courses,
the sides of the windows, doors, towers &c., being of cut
stone. Tower and spire 106 feet in height. The roof is
open, showing the timbers. Will accommodate about 1,400
people.
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH.
ORKAT ST. JAMES STRKKT.
This is the largest Wesleyan church in the city. It is
an elegant building of the liorid Gothic style. Its size is
111 feet by 73 feet. Will comfortably seat 2,000 persons.
It contains a splendid organ. The windows, (several of
which are memorial windows,) are lilted with stained glass
of most elaborate design.
DORCHESTER STREET CHURCH. (WESLEYAN.)
The style of architecture is English Gothic of the loth
century. It is 63 feet by 93 feet inside. Will accommo-
date SOO persons. Cost ^24,000. Total height of tower
and spire,120 feet. Will seat about 500.
SHERBROOKE STREET CHURCH. (WESLEYAN.)
Was opened for public worship, May 21st, 1865. It is of
tlie early Gt)tliic.st^ le. The building is entirely of Montreal
stone. Cost about $20,000. On the Iront is a tower and
spire, rising to the height of 120 feet. Will seat about 500.
OTTAWA STREET CHURCH. (WESLEYAN.)
Was opened for public worship in 1846. It is 60 feet by
85 feet, and will accommodate 1000 persons.
45
The New Connexion Methodists have two churches,
known as Salem and Ebenezer chapels, the first situated on
Panet street, and the latter in Dupre Lane.
ZION CHURCH, (congregational.)
Is situated on Beaver Hall Hill. Was built in 1846. Is
of the Doric order of architecture, and will seat about 1,400
persons. In 1868, the organ roof and tower were destroyed
by fire j repairs were completed in May, 1860.
BAPTIST CHURCH,
IlKAVKR HALL HILL,
Was opened for public worship in 1862. Is the early
English Gothic style, surmounted by a tower, and is built
entirely of stone. The edifice is 55 feet wide, and 80 feet
in depth. The front and rear windows are adorned Avith
stained glass, filled in with religious emblems and mottoes.
Cost of the church about $50,000. Will accommodate about
1000.
FRENCH EVANGELICAL CHURCH.
Is situated on the corner of Craig and Elizabeth streets,
and is under the direction of the French Canadian Mis-
sionary Society. It is a handsome stone edifice, of the
Gothic order. Will seat al)Out three hundred persons.
FRENCH PROTESTANT CHURCH.
On Dorchester street, near St. Url)ain, is a plain, neat
brick building in Gothic stvle. Will seat oOU.
CHURCH OF THE MESSIAH, (UNITARIAN.)
Is situated on Beaver Hall Hill. The stvle of architec-
tare is the Byzantine. Accommodation is aftbrded for 800
persons.
ST .JOHNS CHURCH, (GERMAN PROTESTANT.)
On St. Dominique street, was erected in 1858. Cost
$7,000.
" New Jerusalem Church," (Sweedenborgian.) Is situated
on Dorchester street, corner of Hanover.
46
SYNAGOGUES.
The city contains two, one situated on Chenneville street,
occupied by the English-speaking Jews, and the other on St.
Constant street, occupied by the German Jews. The former
are ministered to by Rev. A. De SoLa, LL.D., Professor of
Hebrew, McGill College, and the latter by Rev. Mr. Cohen.
PARISH CHURCH OF VILLA MARIE. (R. G.)
CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME.
The first ecclesiastics who visited the western world
from Europe were two Jesuits, who were stationed as
Missionaries at Port Royal in Acadia, now Nova Scotia, in
1611, under the direction of Pere Coton, and through the
encouragement of the Marchioness of Guercheville, a lady
of the French Court, zealous to propogate the Catholic
faith among the Indians of the Continent. But the first
who canio to Canada were four Recollets, who were brought
to Quebec by Champlain in 1GI5, with the same design.
They were, the Superiors of the Mission, and the Fathers
Joseph le Caron, Jean D'Olbeau, and Pacifiquc Duplessis.
Three others, Jesuits, were sent out in 1625, by Henry de
Levis, Duke of Ventadour, and three more wore added in
the following year. In 1636 there were 15 Jesuit Mission-
aries in Canada. Those who settled in Quebec, assisted by
the Queen of France, the Duchess of Arguillon, and other
benevolent individuals, formed several establishments in
that City and the neighbouring country for religious
instruction, the relief of the miserable, especially the sick,
and the tuition of the young.
Montreal, which was founded in the year 1642, soon
became the scene of similar operations. The Chapel,
which was a slight and hasty structure of wood, was by
degrees improved and enlarged as the wants of the
l)opulation re({uired, and was at length succeeded by a
more substantial erection of stone, in 1672. This stood in
what is now called the French Square, or Place d'Armes,
and occupied the middle of Notre Dame street, standing
quite across, so as to divide it into t\vo nearly equal parts,
and re(iuiring travellers to pass half round the church to
proceed from one part to the other. It was dedicated to
47
the Virgin Mary, to whose protection, according to the
usage of the Roman Catholic Church, the City was confided,
and on this account received the appellation of Villa
Marie.
As the inhabitants increased in number, the church, even
in its enlarged state, became too small, and the church of
Bonsecours was erected for their accomodation. The city
continuing to prosper, especially after the Colony became
British, further accomodation was needed ; and in the year
1824, the present magnificent Cathedral was commenced.
On the third of September the corner stone was laid ; and
it was so far completed as to admit of being opened for
public worship on the 15tli of July 1829; when high mass
was performed by the Bishop of Telmesse, and an oration
delivered by the Rev. Mr. Quibbler. The greater part of
the Canadian Roman Catholic Clergy were present, and the
solemnity was attended by Sir James Kempt, Administra-
tor, the Staff', Corporations, and other public bodies, and
upwards of eight thousand persons. The edifice is a chaste
specimen of the perpendicular style of Gothic architecture
in the middle ages. Of this class of buildings, it has no
superior on tlie continent of North America ; and there is
nothing in this part of the world to be compared with it in
plain and simple grandeur.
The length of the church from east to west is 255 feet G
inches, and its breadth from north to south, 134 feet 6
inches. T! 3 height of the fiank is 61 feet from the
flagging of the terrace to the eaves. The towers on the
principal or west front are 220 feet high. The space
between them is 73 feet, by 120 in height, crowned with an
embattled parapet.
There are five public, and three private entrances to the
first floor, and four to the galleries, so that an audience of
ten thousand persons, the number for which it is seated,
may assemble and disperse in a few minutes without disa-
greeable pressure. The eastern window at the high altar
is 64 feet in height, and 32 in breadth. It is separated by
shafts into 5 compartments, and subdivided by mullions
into 36 divisions. The windows in the flanks coi. ist of
one range, and those in the front are finished in the same
style as the eastern window. The portal is formed by an
arcade, consisting of three arches, each 19 feet by 49 in
48
height. From this arcade are the entrances to the church ;
and over it is placed another of the same form in relievo,
which connects the towers and piers. In the south-west
tower is the largest bell in America, weighing 29,400 lbs,
the other tower contains a chime of bells. From the
summit the spectator has a magnificent view of the city
and surrounding country. Visitors are admitted to the
tower on payment of a small fee.
CHURCH OF THE GESU.
The church of the Gesu, situated on Bleury street, is in
the opinion of many, the most beautiful church edifice in
America. The style of architecture is the round Roman
Arch. It is 194 feet long, and 90 wide, but at the transept
the trausvcrsnl nave is 144 feet long. The height of the
two naves is 7'J feet.
The Gesu forms a perfect cross. The head of the cross
is formed by the sanctuary. The interior is frescoed in the
most elaborate manner. Over the high altar is a beautiful
fresco representing the crucilixion of our Lord. Higher up
the centre-piece is a scene from the Apocalypse. On the
ceiling of the sanctuary, the shepherds are seen adoring the
Jiew-born Saviour.
Against the four large columns which support the ceiling
in the centre of the cross, are statues of the four evangelists ;
bearing lustres with seven branches. . Near the pulpit is
St. Mark with a lion ; at the opposite corner of the sanctu-
ary, St. Mathew Avith an ox ; at the lower corner on the
pulpit side, St. Luke with a child, and opposite, St. John
with an eagle, in the lower part of the cross, over the
organ loft is the Virgin nursing the divine child, whilst
angels rouiul about are discoursing music on various
stringed instruments. Under the organ loft and on the
ceiling of the lower gallery is seen the royal prophet St.
David playing on the harp. Besides these there are fres-
coes rei)resenting, the raising of La/.arus from the dead;
the good father receiving back liis prodigal son ; the good
shepherd i)ringing back on his shoulders the lost sheep ;
the holy family at work, and many others. There are
also in the church several very fine paintings. The church
of the Gesu is attached to St. Mary's college, and both
belong to the Jesuit Fathers.
49
ST. PATRICKS CHURCH. (R. C.)
This church, wliich will seat 5000 people, stands upon
an elevated site in Alexander street. The style of archi-
tecture is the Gothic of the fifteenth century. The extreme
length of the building is 240 feet, the breadth 00 feet, and
the height of the spire from the pavement is 225 feet. The
interior of the building is most elaborately decorated, and
the altar presents a most gorgeous appearance.
BONSECOURS CHURCH. (R. C.)
The foundation of this church was laid in 1658, but for
some reason the building was not completed for some years.
!Ma.ss was performed in it for the first time on the 15th
August, 1675. It was consumed by lire in 1754, and re-
built in 1771-0. It is situated in St. Paul street and is
noted as being the first church built of stone in the Island
of Montreal.
THE CANADIAN " ST. PETER'S,"
Montreal is already noted for the number of large and
elegant churches which tower up in its midst, and there is
now in course of erection a Cathedral unequalled on the
Continent, for si/e and imposing appearance.
In 1852, the old Cathedral nnd Kpiscopal Palace which
for so long had stood on St. Denis street, were destroyed
liy fire. Shortly after, a parish clnnrh was built on the
old site in the East End, and tlie Bishop removed to new
and roomy qunrters in the large nnd plain looldng brick
mansion on Palace street, which he now occupies. A few
}ears later, by the purchase of a portion of the estate of
the late Jacob Do Witt, and a section of ground from the
F((hriv ity dome of St. Peter's, and Avhen complete Avill be
2"^' et in height — 40 feet higher than the toAvers of the
xvench Church in the Place d'armes. On the outside, the
61
foot of tlic dome will be strcii;.rtli(MH'(l l)y 10 })iiirs of
Coiiiitliiiin pillars, twciity-five fct't in hoiglit, niul sur-
inomitLMi by pilasters. The spaco Ijctwocn the former is to
be lilled by large windows rieiily ornamented^ Above
these pillars the dome will curve gracefully up to its a[)ex,
IVoiu which u grand lanicnie will arise, surrounded on a
smaller scale by ornamented pillars. Above this again
will be })laced a huge gilt ball, and pointing towards the
heavens from its summit will be seen a glittering cross, 13
feet long.
A splendid view of Montreal will be obtained from the
ball, such as visitors get from the top of the dome of St.
l*auls in London. It mav here be stated that the dome of
tlu Montreal cathedral is to be constructed of stone, whicli
i^ n t often attempted in works of such magnitude. Four
smaller domes eiiui-distant from the major one will sur-
rouiul it, and be lully as large as those surmounting Bonse-
cour nnirket and the Hotel Dieu.
A nuignilicent portico of the composite style of architec-
ture is to be erected in front of the church, it will be 210
I'cet long, oO feet wide, and will from its delicate carving,
being surniounted by two huge clocks, and a group of statues
ol" the Apostles chiselled by eminent sculptors, present a
favorable contrast to the unadorned and unhewn church
walls. From the portico five large entrances will conunu-
nicate with the vestibule, an apartment 200 feet long, from
which entrance to the body of the cathedra! will be obtained
through numerous archways.
An interior view of the church with its walls ornamented
with frescoes, statuary and paintings from the Italian
s-choul of art, seen here and there between the vista of lofty
pillars, will be very striking. Under the immense dome
will stand the high altar, and leading away from around
it will be seen rows of arched pillars dividing the aisles and
supporting the roof. 15eside the grand altar there are to be
TWENTY CHAPELS IN THE CATHEDRAL.
and in each of the four immense pillars which support the
dome, there will be room for three commodious altars. The
foot of each pillar is to form a vault for the reception of
the bodies of bishops, &c. Light will be admitted through
the five domes, and will be increased by six large lanterned
62
casements and a number of small windows. The building
will be heated by hot water, a large basement being
excavated for the extensive boilers, fuel, &c., required
therefor. There will be no colonade by which to approach
the edifice, as at St. Peter's, Rome ; but the grounds are to
be ornamented with fountains, &c.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
THE COURT HOUSE.
This building situated on Notre Dame street, is after the
Grecian style of architecture, and is in its unpretending
and massive grandeur, second to few buildings in the City.
The most striking feature is its large Ionic portico, and
the bold projection of the pediment, which gives the
central portion of the principal front a very noble
appearance.
The front is divided in its length into five compartments,
the wings advnncing somcwluit less than the centre, so as
to give the facade an artistic prominence, and to free the
building from that monotony which marked the earlier
publicbuildings of the City, /^niple proportions are given
to the entrances, vestibules, corridors, and stair-cases,
while spacious halls of Justice and public tjifices arc laid
out, as well as ante-rooms and private chambers for the
Judges and chief officers of the Court. Besides capacious
fire-proof vaults, the buihjing contains rooms for the Police.
Crimiual, Circuit, Superior and Appeal Courts, advocates
rooms, Couihil room and liljrarv. offices for the Prothoiio-
tary. Sheriff and Registrar, and rooms required for all
other oflieers engaged in the administration of Justice,
The total length of the building is :)00 feet; width 125
feet; height 76 feet. It is built entirely of Montreal
stone, and the roof is covered with tin. Cost about
8-1500,000.
53
TUE BONSECOURS MAKKET.
Is equal, if not superior to any building of tho kind in
America. It is of the Grecian Doric style of architecture.
The cost of its erection was about $200,000
One half of the upper portion of this building is occupied
by the offices of the Corporation, and the Council chauiber.
This building is the first to attract the attention of the
tourist as he approaches the City, from the River,. It has
an extensive frontage on the river side, and is three storeys
in height, with a lofty dome.
CUSTOM HOUSE.
The new Custom House, is the splendid building erected
by the Royal Insurance Co, and whicli the Government, iu
1870, ]mrchascd for $200,000, the splendid oak furniture
and littings, safes &c, being transferred with the pnjperty.
Alterations were made to make it suitable for its new
purposes. There are three princii)al entrances, one, and
the most imposing, being that by the stime i)ortico facing
on (-ustom House square, and the other two being from
Commissioners street, and Conunon street resi)ectively.
Entering by this nuiin entrance, the Landing waiters
oOices are on the left hand side, and the warehouse ollices
on the right. Immediately adjoining the former is the
Surveyor's ollice. Passing through the Landing waiters
room, we come to the ollices oi the Samjder and weigher,
and the Tide Surveyor. The first ollices on the second
store}' are those of the (/ollector, a large room for the
Clerk, and whicli may be used as a waiting room, adjoining
it, the public offices of the Collector, and again adjoining
this, a private office, all of them neatly fitted up. Directly
opposite to the Collector, is the office of the chief Clerk and
Treasurer. Descending, from the passage between them
a few steps, we enter the long room, emphatically the
chief feature of the building. It is 04 feet long, 20 feet
wide, and 27 feet high. The ceiling is very beautifully
decorated, and at one end is placed the Koyul xVrms. On
the other side of the stall's leading to the long room from
the side entrance, is the ship})ers room, with large ante-
room for sailors, and near them are the appraisers rooms,
64
the wliolc in siieli oloso proximity as to innkc thorn very
convoniLMit. Tlie \vtirc'lioiising iii):irtiii('nts iuc cxcoiMlin^ly
spiicious jiud coniniodioiis. Three ek'vators, worked hy
steam power, are u^ed iu taking packages to the dilVerent
flats.
MERCHANTS EXCHANGE.
Jn the Arrets of tlie Freneli King, dated at Paris, May
11th, 1717, we find the i'oUowing : —
" On the petition presented to the King l)y tlie mereh.iiits
of Qnel>cc and Montreal in new Franee, containing : " I liat
trade being the principal nieiins by which the colony t-an
be sustained and augmented, it is impos.-ible that the mer-
chants can ever llourish as long as they have not the lil»eity
to assemble in a convenient place io treat mutually of their
business ; that the meetings of merchants have ap|)eai('d to
be requisite for the utility of comnuM'ce in all the cities of
France, and that if his Majesty will grant them the same
grace, they hope that the measures they will take for the
trade, will render it in a short time (lourisiiiiig ; they there
fore beseech His Majesty to permit tliem to ii.^ons.
The library of the Insiitute contains iihout 7000 volumes,
and the reading room is supplied with all the leading news-
papers and periodicals.
Classes in mechanical drawing and other branches are
sustained 1)V the Institute during tin; winter months, and
are well attended ; large numbers of the members availing
themselves of the privili^ges thus rdVovded them. In obtain-
ing teachers for these classes every eil'ort is made to secure
the best talent of the city.
INSTITUTE CANADIEN.
This institution occupies and owns a building of cut stone,
four storeys in height, situated on Notre Dame street. It
was founded in 18^1:4, previous to which, the French had
not a single librar}* in the city, nor a place where they
could read, or meet together. It Avas incorporated in 1852.
66
The library at present contains over 7000 volumes, and the
reading room is supplied with nearly 100 French and Eng-
lish journals. A few years ago, Prince Napoleon presented
the library with books valued at $2,GU0. They are
elegantly bound, and comprise works on the arts and sciences,
and general literature. Tlie hate Emperor Napohnm also
presented the institution with statuary &c., valued at $1,000.
There are several other public libraries in Montreal, as
follows : —
Advocates Library and Library of the Bar. founded
1827; Canadian Mechanic's Institute, founded 1857; Grand
Trunk Reading Room and Library ; Institut Canadien
Fran^ais ; Q^uvre des Rons Livres, founded in 1844, and
the Canadian Mechanics' Institute.
NATURAL IILSTOIIY SOCIETY'S MUSEUM.
Is situated on Universitv street, and is built of white
brick. On the ground floor is the lecture room, library,
committee room, and residence of the keeper. The second
storey, whicli is about 86 feet in height, contains the
museum, which is surrounded bv a trallerv, and liiilited by
skylights. Around the sides of the principal hall are cases
containing l)irds, reptiles and quadrupeds. The centre in
occupied by cases of mineralogical and geological specimens.
In the galleries are specimens of shell fish, corals and shells,
of which a large collection of fine specimens are exhibited.
The walls are hung with paintings, Indian dresses and
curiosities, specimen of paper money, cases of coins, medals,
&c, The principal attraction in the galleries is the Ferrier
collection of Egyptian and other antiquities, collected by
Hon James Ferrier during a tour in the east, and presented
to the Society by him.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS' MUSEUM.
Situated opposite the Avest end of the Champ de Mars, is
a plain stone edifice, three storyes in height.
The Geological Survey of Canada was instituted in 1813
by the Provincial government, and one of the duties
imposed upon itwas the formation of a Provincial nuisne, contain the class-rooms of the faculty of Arts, witli its
museum and library ; the residence of the principals ; the
professors in charge of the resident under-graduatea, and the
secretary.
The library contains over 8,000 volumes of standard
works. This number does not include the library of the
medical faculty, which contains upwards of 5000 volumes.
.Tlie nuiseum contains a general collection of type speciuiens
of zoology ; the Carpenter collection of shells ; the Carpenter
collection of Ma/atlan shells ; the Cooper collection of 2,400
Canadian insects; collections of Canadian fresh Avater and
land shells; also Botanical, Geological and Mineralogical
specimens.
Tlic philosophical apparatus is valued at $5,000, and the
dieuiical lal)oratory is furnished with all the necessary ap-
pliances. At the west end of the college buildings is situated
the observatory, the basement of which is devoted entirely
to the observations on Terrestial Maj-netisiu. The cround
storey and leads are devoted to Meteorological observations.
h * ■- • .. '1
rifHliytcriaii College — M(Tiivi(«h Street.
ConniKTiittl A( mJciny— -St. Ciith.-rlne Street.
69
The transit tower is for the purpose of furnishing time to
the city, and to the ships in the harbor, and is connected
by electric telegraph with a *' Time Ball " at the wharf.
The grounds which surround the main buildings, have been
planted and laid out as walks, thus rendering them a
favorite resort for the residents in the neighborhood. The
University is under the direction of Principal J. W. Daw-
son, LL.D., F.R.S,, F.G.S.
The following are affiliated with the University :
McGill Normal School.
Model School of McGill Normal School.
High School of McGill College.
Morin College, Quebec.
St. Francis College, Richmond, P.Q.
Congregational College, Montreal.
Presbyterian College, Montreal.
In addition to the above, Montreal possesses many
institutions in which instruction may be obtained in every
department of knowledge, from the highest branches of
science, downward ; among the most noticeable of these, are
The Seminary of St. Sulpice, founded in the year 1657, by
the Al)be Quelus.
The Jacques Cartier Normal School.
British and Canadian School, Lagauchetidre street.
St. Mary's College and Facultv of law, Bleury street, &c.,
&c.
CLASSICAL AND COMMERCUL ACADEMY.
Is situated on the height of ground between St. Catherine
and Ontario streets. It is a new building of a chaste and
beautiful appearance, and assumes proportions that at once
attracts the attention of all passers by. The edifice is 125
feet in length, 45 feet in brendth, and three storeys in
height. In the centre of the building on each side is a large
entrance, the surroundings of which are beautifully orna-
mented with elaborate workmanship in stone.
Surmounting the building, above each doorway, is a tower
twenty feet in heij^ht, pyramidal shaped. The whole struc-
ture has an appearance of stateliness and solidity.
n
PLACES OF AMUSEMENT.
THEATRE ROYAL.
This building is situated on Cotte street, and is built
entirely ofbrick. The entrance to the galleries is by
wide stairs through a portico on Cotte street. There are
two galleries, the lower one being used as a dress circle.
The building will accomodate about 1500 persons. It has
recently been refitted and improved.
OPERA HOUSE.
Forniorlv known as the Pal(tis Mmicaly is situated
on Gosford street. It also ha« recently been thoroughly
reno\ated, will accomodate about 1000 persons.
The Hall of the Medmniva Institute on Great St. James
street, and the Hall in the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation Ihiildiug, are both well adapted for popular
as8euil)ru's. They each will seat about 80O persons.
71
1 .'i.-^M.l
'3 <
.&
TARIFF FOR HACKNEY CARRIAGES.
Two or four
CoAchei iir four
whi'olpil cnrriBK«t
wheeled parriiiKOi
drawn by one
drawn by two
bono.
horscM.
TIMK
I' LACES.
ALLOWED.
For ono
For three
For one
For three
or two
or four
or two
or four
l>flr«un«.
1 Ct9.
|)oriion«.
" $ ct«.''
|ierMon«.
periionH.
~'Z'ots7
Frofu nny place to^
15
25
30
40
\ an hour.
any other with- 1
in the Huniu I)i- |
vision iiiid buck. J
25
00
00
00
From ;iny Divi- "^
25
40
40
50
^ ot an hour.
Hion t(tiiny place 1
in nnoiht'r Di- |
vision uiid back.
35
50
GO
75
C over ,5 of an
• hour
\} additional
^'ity 3
20
30
30
40
(ihour.
JtenKotuiblc weight of lugpjnge aHowfd free of chor<»e.
CbiidrcD under 12 years of uge to bo charged half-price.
ilNl NiflGATlOi
]BET"WEEIsr
Montreal and Quebec.
THE MACNIFICENT 8TKAMKRS
"ABYSSINIAN,"
Capt. NORMAND PAULET,
"ATHENIAN,"
Capt. E. C. WURTELE,
Leavo JJONSECOUES TIER (lir.st Pier to the left, foot of Jaciiucs
Carticr S(iuai-o) DAILY (Sundays excepted) for
G^ TJ Ei B E O,
CALLING AT
SOREL, THREE RIVERS & BATISCAN.
This is the great fushionablo thoroughfare for American Tourists.
Fare Cheaper than any other first olass Company.
Jl^-TICKETS for sale by Agents at all tho Hotels and at Fisher's
Stamp Of!ice, St. Fi-an^ois Xavicr Street, opposite the Po.st Office,
where State Rooms can bo secured.
Return Tickets at Reduced Rates.
For Freight or Passage, apply on tho Wliai-f, Bonsecoiirs Pier, and at
the Office, No. 24 Jacques Cartier Square.
H. J. STEVENSON,
Pabbinqbr Aqeht,
C. H. LEFAIVRE,
Secretary-Treas.
73
TO QUEBEC.
From Montreal to Quebec, passage is made on one of the
eleuant steamers of the Union Navifjfation Company called the
" Aby««iniivii " and ' Athenian," Leaving Montreal in the
evening, passing the fort on the island in the harbor, leaving
Longueuil to the right, and passing the group of islands below
the city, and the mouth of the Ottawa river, you are fairly on
your way to the old capital.
SOREL.
Forty-five miles below Montreal, is the first port at which a halt
is made by the steamer. Sorel is built on the site of a fort built
in ir)55 l)y M. DeTracy, and was for many years the summer
residence of successive governors of Canada. It is situated at
the confluence of the rivers Kichelieu and St. Lawrence, popu-
lation about 8,000, Five miles below Sorel the river expands
into a wide lake nearly twenty-live miles in length, and nine
miles iji width, known as
LAKE ST. PETER.
The river St, Francis here enters the lake from the south.
During the descent to Quebec, a "^reat amount of shipping of
every class will be passed, and immense timber rafts will be
observed, floating down to the great timber mart at Quebec,
sometimes in single rafts, and sometimes in many, combined
into a floating timber town, populous with hardy lumber-
men, whose songs enliven the monotony of their voyage.
THREE RIVERS.
Situated midway between Montreal and Quebec, is one of
the oldest settlements in Canada, and has Convents and Church
edifices of considerable architectural pretensions. The town
was first settled in 1G18 Population about 9000.
The famous falls of Shawanegan, second only to those of
Niagara are but twenty four miles from Three Rivers, and those
of the Grrand Mere 13 miles further up the St. Maurice, The
celebrated St. Leon Mineral Springs are also 24 miles from
here.
The Chaudiere River enters the St. Lawrence about six
miles above the city of Quebec. At this point the precipitous
banks of the St. Lawrence increase in height, and the eager
stranger catches a distant view of the towers and battlements
of the grand old northern City,
St. Louis Street, Quebec.
The ST. LOUIS HOTEL, which ia unrivalled for Size, Style and
Locality, in Quebec, is open only during the Season of Pleasure
Travel.
It is eligibly situated near to and surrounded by the most delightful
and fashionable promenades,
THE GOVERNOR'S OARDEN,
THE CITADEL,
THE ESPLANADE,
THE PLACE D A'RME5,
DURHAM TERBA^E,
which furnish the splendid views and magnificent scenery for which
Quebec is so justly celebrated, and which is unsurpassed in any part of
the world.
The Proprietor in returning thanks for the very liberal patronage
he has hitherto enjoyed, informs the public that this Hotel has been
thoroughly renovated and embellished, and can now accommodate
about 500 Visitors ; and assures them that nothing will be wanting on
his part that will conduce to the comfort and enjoyment of his Guests.
WILLIS RUSSELL,
June, 1874.
PROPRIETOR.
Before reaching the town, •' Wolfe's Cove" will be pointed
otit, to the left, that memorable spot where the brave com-
mander landed his forces under cover of darkness, and scaling
the precipice, fought the battle which changed the destiny of
the western empire. The round martello towers, in advance of
the defences of the city, on the plains of Abraham, first attract
attention, and you sweep in full view of the defiant battlements
and towers which crown the natural walls of old Quebec — the
seat of ancient dominion — where jealous nations contended for
supremacy, and shook its rocky throne with the roar and clash
of contending armies. «— -
>,, i,i , t , , > -, ,. QUEBEC. ^ ''■■ " '■
"Was founded in 1608, by Samuel de Champlaign, on the site
of the Indian village of Stadacona. No city on the Continent
so impresses the tourist, by the startling peculiarities of the site
and novelty of its general aspect, as this •' Ancient Capital," or
stamps its impress so indelibly in eye and memory. A massive
wall of hewn stone, of nearly three miles in length, and vary-
ing, but everywhere of forbidding height and thickness, with
projecting bastions and frowning canons, communicating with
the outward world by five massive gates, encloses the better
portion of the Upper town. The ,,,.., ,, .
CITADEL r> i'i i'i '■? 4 ^i -: '•/ ii :. ■ ' ' ".
"Will perhaps prove the point of greatest interest to many, from
the historical associations connected therewith, and from the
fact that it is considered an impregnable fortress. It covers an.
enclosed area of forty acres, and is some three hundred and
forty feet above the river level. The zigzag passage through
which you enter the fortress, between high and massive granite
walls, is swept at every turn by formidable batteries of heavy
guns. On the forbidding river walls and at each angle or
possible commanding point, guns of heavy calibre sweep every
avenue of approach by the river. Ditches, breastworks and
frowning batteries command the approaches by land from the
famed " Plains of Abraham." The precipitous bluffs, rising
almost perpendicularly from the river, three hundred and forty
feet, present a natural barrier which may be swept with mur-
derous fire, and the covered ways of approach and retreat, the
various kinds and calibre of guns, mortars, howitzers and
munitions of war, will be viewed with eager interest. Among
the places of interest may be mentioned ;
The Plains of Abraham, with its hnmble monument, marking
the place where fell the illustrious Wolfe.
■',•■'''"•■,■'" ' ■ .
■ r-v-'
CFSSlIsi* BQW
COENEE ANN AND GAEDEN STEEETS,
Tj :f i^ JB K. TO'\Arnsr,
; '•'■'■''.
.^..f. :ci-i:.j M, lio oii^asi'k 'jo;' tadouSAC '*'''' '"^ ''>■'<■'■■"■!: '■Ufi/i.:'-;^! ;?,.- "
is reached at the mouth of the Saguenay. Here is famed facil-
ities for bathing, for seal hunting, and for fishing in the tribu-
taries of the Saguenay. The first permanent stone building
erected on this continent was erected here.
THE SAGUENAY :,
is the largest afiluent of the St. Lawrence, having its source in
Lake St, John, and a straight course ot one hundred and thirty
miles from the lake to the St. Lawrence. The upper half of its
course is a series of falls and rapids, navigable only by canoes,
and flowing through a dense and almost unknown wilderness.
The navigable portion of the river will float the largest vessels
of the world, from its mouth some sixty miles to the head of
navigation, and has been described as a perfectly straight, yawn-
ing gulf, torn for the whole distance in the grey mica schist,
rising on either hand in percipitous cliffs, whose bases rest in
unknown depths — a panorama of rocky walls and precipices —
a region dark, desolate, cheerless and cold.
The ascent terminates in Ha-Ha Bay, a quiet and lovely bay,
receding from the river several miles, a cheerful village, animal
life, and facilities for amusement are found here, a change most
welcome from the sombre desolation of the ascent. Lake St.
John, in which the river has its source, receives the waters of
eleven large rivers, and an innumerable number of smaller
streams from the vast water-shed surrounding it, but discharges
all its waters through this one wonderful stream.
STATUE POINT
Is a noted gem of scenery on the -Tiver, a perpendicular rock
below Ha-Ha Bay, at the termination of a great plateau, three
hundred feet wide, and six hundred feet in height, with sides
as smooth as though polished by a skillful workman. Six miles
above the Bay of St. Johns are the great points of attraction on
the river.
CAPE ETERNITY AND TRINITY ROCK,
CoUossal promontories of sheer ' jscent, at whose very base the
largest ships may ride in the immense depth of waters, sights
, THE miiwi tine luitiiioH coiiriiirs
ROIIL MML Lli OF STEAMERS,
Montreal to Ottawa,
'ami" mrt:
New Iron Steamer PEERLESS - - - Captain A. BOWIE
Steamer PRINCE OF WALES, Captain II. W. SHEPHERD
QUEEN VICTORIA, Captain P. Y. MACDONNELL
PRINCESS ..... Captain P. McGO WAN
Passengers leave by the 7 A. m. and 5 p. M. Trains for Lachinc by
Eailway, and connect with the Steamers " Prince of Wales" and
" Princess " for Ottawa and intermediate landings.
Passengers leave Ottawa at 7 a. m. by Steamer "Peerless,"' and at 5
p. M. by Steamer " Queen Victoria," for Montreal and intermediate
landings.
m/-
W^M®
mmm
®
Meals and State Rooms Extra,
Passengers leaving Ottawa by the Evening Steamers will descend the
ra])ids. No through passengers taken on Saturday Evening Boat.
The comfort and economy of this Line are unsurpassed, whilst the
route is one of the most picturesque in Canada. Tourists Avill find
this a delightful trip.
Freight for all points on the Ottawa sent through with despatch daily.
Freight Office — 87 Common Street, Canal.
Single and return Tickets may bo had at the Company's Office, 13
Bonavcnture Street ; at the Grand Trunk Depot, Montreal, and at the
Office, Queen's Wharf, Ottawa.
R.W. SHEPHERD, President.
81
never to be forgotten — bold, barren, forbidding and awful. The
discharge of a cannon on shipboard between these bare walls
of rock, is said to crash back in echoes which no one could wish
to have repeated, one such sensation sufficing for a lifetime.
MONTEEAL TO OTTAWA.
The best route from Montreal to Ottawa, the Capital of the
Dominion, is to take the train to Lachine, which leaves the
Bonaventure Street Depot every morning (Sundays excepted)
at seven o'clock, and there stepping on board the steamer
Prince of Wales,. (Captain H. W. Shepherd) or steamer
Princess, (Captain McGowan) sail up the river. By this last
route we have a better opportunity of seeing the beautiful
scenery of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers, as they first
meet. It is a bright morning and they sun glances slantingly
along the majestic waters, tinging with golden light the tips of
the wavelets as they rise, one after the other, to greet his rays.
A faint mist like a delicate veil, spreads over the bosom of the
river, on which one or two islets repose, as childhood sleeps on
its mother's bosom, yet it does not conceal the enchanting
beauty of the scene, but adds grace and loveliness to the
charms, which it vainly strives to hide. It is soon dissolved,
and the light breeze which has sprung up, carries it all away.
Away we go, stemming the current, and in due time,w^e reach
Ste. Anne's, where are a succession of rapids which w^e avoid
by going through a lock. More islets are here, round which
the Ottawa bubbles and struggles in its course, while the pretty
village of Ste. Anne's reposes in quiet bea^ity upon the bank.
This village is considered the starting point for the Ottawa
River, by all orthodox voi/ageurs, as the last church on the
island of Montreal is situated here, and is moreover, dedicated
to their tutelary saint, from whom also the village taken its
name. Emerging from the canal, again we enter the Ottawa,
having left the St. Lawrence far astern, and after sailing about
two miles, we find the shores recede on either hand, to about
eight miles wide, and this recession continues for a distance of
ten miles, for we are in the Lake of the Two Mountains, so
called from two mountains on the north side rising four to five
hundred feet from the water. The river divides here into four
branches, that which we have just come up, another which
diverges towards the north-east, and forms the western
boundary of the island of Montreal, the third called the Dutch-
8f?
man's Chenaf, and the fourth passing- Vaudreuil around tht> Isle
Perrot. Thore is the Isle Jesus, and })eside it Pig-eon's Island,
on which aro the ruins of an Indian villaf^^e, also Isle aux Prune,
lately purchased hy Dr. Grirdwood, of Montreal. For the
purpose of guarding' ag'ainst the incursions of the Indians, the
French built a fort on the Island of Montreal, opposite to
the village, but both village and fort have now fallen into
decay, and large trees are growing inside the ruined walls of
the latter. This property has been recently bought by the
Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, M.P.P., upon which he has built a beau-
tiful villa where he passes the summer months. A few miles
further on we arrive at a fine new wharf named Oka, situated
in the Indian village of the Two Mountains. This village is
inhabited by the remnants of two tribes, the Iroquois and the
Algonquins, as the village of Caughnawaga, opposite to Lachine,
is by a remnant of the Iroquois. A Roman Catholic Church
divides the settlements, as the people are all baptised into that
Church. Three or four chapels stand on the mountain side.
The highest peak of the mountain is called Calvary, and on
certain religious fetes ol the Church it is frequented by both
white and Indian. Now w^e stop at the villages of Como and
Hudson. Both these villages are the resort of some of our
Montreal friends who pass the summer months there with their
families. At the head of the Lake of the Two Mountains the
banks contract, so that the river is not more thaii half a mile in
width, and it continues thus narrow, lor about a mile, when
there is again an expansion, for the length of nine miles, forming
the Upper Lake of the Two Mountains. On the southern bank
is the mountain Rigaud, where there is also a settlement of the
same name. The river again contracts to the breadth of half a
mile, and continues, sometimes broader, sometimes as narrow^,
until we reach Carrillon. Great improvements have been
made at this place by the Raihvay Company, by building new
wharves and station houses, and here again the navigation is
impeded by rapids. A railroad has been formed between the
two stretches of navigable water, and by it we arrive at Gren-
vilie, whence we proceed by the Steamer Peeeless (Capt.
Bowie) or Queen Victoria (Captain Macdonell), to Ottawa,
which we reach about six o'clock p.m.
Yonder is a raft of wood coming floating down, manned by
hardy voi/ag-eurs, who have built their wooden hut upon the
timber Island they have made. Far, far back, in the thick and
dark w^oods, they have toiled through the inclemency of winter,
fathering together the huge monarchs of the forest ; far, far
ack, where the bears prowl, and the gaunt and hungry wolves
" make night hideous " with their howlings ; while the hardened
83
snow has covered the ground many foot deep, and the frost
spirit has
« Bound tlie waters in icy chains . ,<•
By a spell unseen yet strong."
and tho, cold is keen, cutting-, and piorcin^-, snch a cold as can
only be felt when the thermometer ranges 30 o or 40 o helow
zero ; in this wild scene, in this severe season they have toiled,
follinu' the hnffo trees and iittnii? them for the market. And
now, one by one they have launched the log-s, and festening
them strong-ly tog-ether, have committed them to the river to
bear them down. They have sent them rushing crib after crib
down the slides, which have borne them along* and plunged
them again safely into the dark deep water, lie fastened, and
their hut rebuilt and their low masts with broad square sails
all arranged, there they go night and day, watching the lloat-
ing treasure which serves them for a habitation, until they
reach a market, where it is broken up and sold. Hardj^ daring
fellows are those voyageuis, simple and kind withal. Though
their manners are homely, their hearts are warm. Heaven speed
them dowii the rapids to a safe arrival and a profitable sale of
their hard earned produce.
Both from Grenville and Carillon and halfway between them,
are roads leading back into the mountains, for the gre^t range
commencing at Labrador and uniting with the Uocky Mountains
runs through this country. The interior of this region is dotted
everywhere with small lakes, which here and there form a var-
iety to the scenery. In the township of Wentworth alone,
there are upwards of sixty, plentifully stocked with red and
grey trout, inviting the disciple of Isaac Walton to pursue his
favourite amusement. Lake Louisa, or Abbott's Lake, is per-
haps most worthy of notice among them all, especially as it is
more accessible than any. It is a beautiful sheet of water, clear
as crystal, so that at the depth of twenty feet, the pel)bles which
show the bottom may be counted. It is surrounded by rocks
and mountains, which here jut out far into the water, and there
recede in indentations sometimes as deep as half a mile, form-
ing pleasant little bays. The lake is about four miles long, by
three in breadth, and is altogether the very fac simile of the
largest of the lakes of the North of England. It is abundantly
stocked with fish, principally the grev trout or Zunge. The
Red trout is also found in it, but not so plentifully. To reach
it, we start from Carillon in the train from Gfrenville, after en-
gaging a buggy to meet us about four miles off. Then we pro-
ceed at right angles with the Eailway, all the way through the
Townships of Chatham, and a mile and a half into that of Went-
84
worth. Here we are at Grenville on board the steamer, and
traversing the waters of the Grand River, as the Ottawa is
called ; five miles from Grenville we stop at L'Original, where
a stage awaits passengers going to the celebrated Caledonia
Springs, a distance of some 9 miles through a very interesting
country, giving some very picturesque views. The springs
are much frequented by invalids during the summer months,
for the sake of the mineral waters.
As we hurry on with the restless speed of steam, we have
abundant opportunities of examining the picturesque banks of
the river on both sides, until we come close up to the city.
About two miles below Ottawa, on the the north side, the
Gatineau empties itself into the Grand Eiver. A few miles up
this stream the Canada Iron Mining and Manufacturing Com-
pany have erected very extensive furnaces for the purpose of
smelting the iron ore, from their Hull Mine. This is likely to
be a very important branch of trade in the new Dominion.
See yonder, that white curtain hanging over the steep bank
on the south side. As we neai it, it changes and we can see
it is not a curtain, but a waterfall, being none othci" than the
Rideau Falls. There it falls, gracefully as flowing drapery falls
from the shoulders of a queen, a most beautiful sight. The
body of water is not so large, and the height of the fall, 30 feet,
is not so great as to warrant the appellation grand, but what
it wants in grandeur is amply made up in beauty. Gently,
gracefully, the water pours over, and mingles with that of the
Ottawa beneath, with just as much noise as is necessary to add
to the effect. We obtain a fine view of it as the steamer passes
close by. Looking ahead, we now get a splendid view of the
Parliament and Departmental Buildings, standing out so prom-
inently on the bluft called Major's Hill. These buildings only
require to be visited to be appreciated. All we can say is go
and see for yourself, dear reader. And now we reach Ottawa
City, picturesquely built upon three separate bluffs or ledges
forming the river bank of the south side. Eight before us is an
imposing scene, second only to Niagara in grandeur and mag-
nificence. The Chaudiere Falls are immediately above the city,
and there with thundering cadence, the waters percipitate
themselves down the precipice of forty feet in height, and
gathering into a basin, boil, and seethe, and hiss, and whirl
around in mad excitement, while the spray arises and the sun-
beams gleaming upon it form an almost perpetual rainbow. A
fine bridge spans the river just belo\>r ihe Fall, from which a
magnificent view of them is obtained. Beside the Grand Fall
there is also Little Chaudiere on the northern side, and here a
curious phenomenon presents itself. The great portion of the
•waters which precipitate down the latter, find there way under-
§ round, where none can trace their course. The following
escription, quoted from Bouchette, will give us some idea of
the singular scene. He says, *' The Little Chaudiere may, with-
out much difficulty, be approached from the Lower Canada
shore, and the spectator, standing on a level with the top of the
fall, and on the brink of the yawning gap into which the floods
are headlong plunged, surveys the whole length of clitde, and
the depths of the cavern, A considerable portion of the waters
of the falls necessarily escapes subterraneously, after their pre-
cipitation, as a much greater volume is impelled over the rock
that finds a visible issue. Indeed this fact is not peculiar to
the Little Chaudiere, but is one of those curious characters of
this part of the Ottawa of which other singular instances are
observed ; the waters in various places being swallowed by
deep but narrow rents and fissures, leaving their natural bed
almost dry, to dash on through some subterraneous passage
that defies the search of the explorer. There are in the Falls
of the Chaudiere materials for much geological speculation, and
the mere admirer of nature's scenic wonders and magnificence
will derive much gratification and delight by the survey and
contemplation of their manifold beauties." On the northern
bank, a slide has been made, so that the timber can be sent
from above to below the foaming waters without endangering
either it being broken by abrupt and lude collision with kin-
dred logs below, or shattered upon the rock. These slides are
frequent in the Upper Ottawa, the rocky state of the river
necessitating their construction ; and they are admirably adapt-
ed, carrying down the logs of timber safely, and without any
damage to prevent a sale in the market. But to return to the
city.
OTTAWA, , ; , ,
Like Quebec, is divided into Upper and Lower Towns ; although
some make three divisions, adding the Middle and perhaps this
last division has the advantage of being more correct. The
Upper Town, as its name implies, occupies the highest part
of the rocky banks, and the Middle and Lower Towns are con-
tented with a less elevated position. The Rideau Canal joins
the Ottawa Eiver, through a gorge between the towns, by a
succession of locks. This canal connects the Ottawa with King-
ston and Lake Ontario, through a series of lakes and streams.
It is 135 miles long and forms atri-angle with the St. Lawrence
and the Ottawa rivers The Upper terminus is about 180 miles
from Montreal, while the Lower is 120 miles. A handsome
bridge spans the gorge and forms a connection betwee^r the
86
«
the towns. As a city, Ottr.wa has perhaps the most beautiful
and picturesque situation of any in the Province. Built beside
the magnificent Chaudiere, upon a rocky elevation, command-
ing a fine view of "the surrounding country, as far as the eye
can reach, it is almost equal to Quebec itself The line far-
stretching campaign, opened up to a great extent by hardy
settlers, who have cleared for themselves a home and farm ; the
villages nestling among the trees, the deep dark forests ex-
tending on their hand, as yet apparently untouched by the
woodman's axe and the magnificent river, all command by
turns the delighted attention, and call forth unmingled excla-
mations of pleasure. The city itself is well built, and the
elevation of the ground has been taken advantage of, to
heighten the efiect.
The County Buildings, several banks, good hotels, and
churches of various denominations are situated here.
What The Rideau Canal does for Kingston, the Ottawa and
Prescott Kailroad does for Prescott — forms a connecting link
with Ottawa City. This line is fifty-four miles in length, and
connects at Prescott with the Grand Trunk Railway, and also,
by moans of a ferry, with Ogdensburgh on the United States
shore, whence a railroad extends as far as New York.
From Ottawa, many very pleasant excursions can be made
into the country, both by stages and steamboats running to
different parts, so that every facility is afforded for enjoying to
the utmost extent the romantic scenes which abound on every
side. The only difficulty one has, is created by the want of
time to go over the country thoroughly.
On the bank of the G-atineau River are also situated the mills
of the same name, the property of the enterprising firm of
Gilmour & Co., under the able management of John Mather,
Esq. These Mills are very complete, with all the necessary
apparatus for sawing the timber into deals and boards, and
preparing it for the market, taking it in its rough state from the
river, squaring it off", and then discharging it back again to be
made up into cribs and floated down to the Ottawa, and thence
to Montreal or Quebec.
Looking at the Ottawa altogether, it is perhaps one of the
finest and most picturesque of all the rivers of Canada ; and
when we consider that it drains a country of about 80,000
superficial miles, we cannot but think that many more years
will not pass over, without a vast change for the better in the
land. Clearances effected, and comfortable farms and dwellings
erected on a soil abundantly fertile, with still a background of
unlimited forest for the successful prosecution of the lumber
trade ; when we look at all these facts, the conclusion to which
we must inevitably come is, that prosperity is written in
legible characters upon the laroad expanse stretching around
us. The establishment of the seat of Government at Ottawa
will also tend t^ open up the country, and the increase will be
great. . . , .,
;•■'?;,
BUSINESS NOTICES.
Savage, Lyman & Co.
The magnificent Jewelry establishment of Savage, Lyman & Co., St. James
Street (established 1818), ia a place of great attraction to strangers. It is
95 feet by 50, 4 storeys high, and is fitted up with great taste and con-
venience. Here may be found the latest styles of Jewelry, Gems, Bronzes,
Works of Art, Gold, Silver and Plated Ware, Toilet and Travelling Cases,
Parian and Majolica Ware. On the premises is a large staff of skilled work-
men in gold and silver constantly employed in making jewelry of all kinds,
and presentation cups and services. The agencies of this firm in England,
France, Germany and Switzerland enable them to offer a variety and quality
of goods rjirely met with in one establishment. They are the sole agents for
the famous Ulysse Nardin's Watches, which have received the first prizes
whenever they have been placed in competition at the great expositions of the
world. Strangers are invited to inspect the establishment.
Brown & Claogett.
The Eecollet House, on Notre Dame Street is one of the finest buildings
in the City, and the stock is unsurpassed on this coutiiieut. The looms of
Lyons and Brussels are kept busy producing Silks, Velvets and Laces for this
firm. The goods are of the richest materials, and cannot fail to be admired
The most essential articles of a Lady's or Gentleman's Wardrobe arc
to be found in great profusion, such as silk hose, shirts, drawers, &c.
The fancy goods department is replete with everything in the way of belts,
chatelaines, ties, scarfs, handkerchiefs, collars, cuffs, gloves, &c., of the latter
one thousand dozen is considered a small stock in this establishment.
Everything usually found in first class houses can be procured here.
Almost every Steamer brings some novelties, and it has been remarked that
the different changes of fashion appear at "Eecollet House" almost as quickly
as in Paris and London.
The Washington House.
Walsh's Clothing House, situated on Notre Dame Street (near McGill), is
one of the largest establishments of the kind in the Dominion. The trade of
this house has assumed mammoth proportions, and extends over all the Pro-
vinces as well as to many parts of the United States, which may be accounted
for by the excellent quality of the goods, capital workmanship, and moderate
prices. First class cutters only are employed, consequently fashionable and
well made garments can always be relied upon. The stock of cloths kept on
hand is very extensive, comprising all qualities, from the finest West of
England Broadcloth to the ordinary Tweeds. The man who could not suit
hinuelf here would indeed be hard to please. The stock of Beady Made
CloJhing is simply immense. Thousands of suits of all sizes are kept on hand,
all made on the premises from the best materials and by good workmen, Boys'j
Youths' and Childrens' Clothing are made a specialty. We can recommend
strangers visiting the City to call at "The Washington House " and leave an
order, and they will have a superior suit made in a few hours, at a figure
much below that usually charged by inferior establishments.
89
E. G. Melloe.
Mellor's Jewelry Establishment at No. 285 Notre Dame Street, ranks with
the best in the City. Once inside this store the visitor is bewildered with
the wealth in Gold and Silver spread out before him. The show ct>ses, ot
which there are a great number, range the full length of the store on each
side, and contains goods, the prices of which would make Croesus elevate his
eyebrows. Watches, Brooches, Bracelets, Sets of Jewelry, Electro-plated and
Silver ware, Ornamental Clocks in marble and bronze, Dress Rings of match-
less elegance, Wedding Rings, and in fact everything usually kept in first
class establishments of the kind, can be procured here.
Ste. Marie Brothers.
The establishment of Messrs. Ste. Marie Bros., No. 454 Notre Dame St.
Importers of English, French and American Dry Goods, is well worthy of a
visit from those desiring to purchase anything in their line. Here will be
found one of the best assorted stock of Dry Goods in the City. This house,
though comparatively new, has already made for itself a name in Silks, Dress
Goods, Gloves, &c. Besides quality of goods, a recommendation for this
store is cheapness. The Messrs. Ste. Marie Bros, themselves take a personal
and energetic part in the business, and are well up in the requirements of the
trade. Strangers will be amply repaid by patronising this, one of the best
regulated establishments in the City.
Wm. MjDunnough.
Successor to James Parkin, No. 280, Notre Dame St., dealer in Laces and
Embroideries, has without exception the largest and finest stock of Goods of
this description to be found in the Dominion. This house is an old established
one, and has a wide reputation. Tourists wil! find Laces sold here at a much
lower figure than the same quality can be obtained for in the United States,
a fact which is taken advantage of to a large extent, by American visitors, who
every year buy largely at this establishment.