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 2^Hli Congress, " Doc. No. 73. • 
 
 1st Session. 
 
 Ho. OF Keps. 
 
 NEW INDIAN TERRITORY IN OREGON, &c., <fcc. 
 
 ■i; -..■■(«,■ f-,i 
 
 MEMORIAL 
 
 OP ■ 
 
 THE BOARD OP MANAGERS 
 
 OP THE 
 
 AMERICAN INDIAN MISSION ASSOCIATION. 
 
 
 January 13, 1846. 
 Referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 
 * The board of managers of the American Indian Mission Association^ in 
 
 i the city of Louismlb, and >Staie of Kentuckv^espectfully asks leave to 
 
 J present to the Congress of the United Stamkthe following representor' 
 
 '^ tioiis and requests : ^ 
 
 *■• 
 
 ' This association was organized in 1842, and was chartered by the legis- 
 lature of Kentucky, in 1^4. The objects of this association are solely of 
 a benevolent character, as set forth in the second article of its constitution, 
 as folk 
 
 « The V. ^3ct of this association is the promotion of the spiritual and tern* 
 poral interests of the aborigines of America, by the preaching of the gospel, 
 and other religious instruction ; by the establishment of schools, both male 
 and female, from primary schools to those of the highest order, which the 
 improving condition of the Indians may at any time rfjquire ; and by promot- 
 ingindustry and civilization in general." 
 
 The original inhabitants of America, doub^iv^ss, amounted to many mil- 
 lions, when first discovered by Europeans ; ani , although they are at pres- 
 ent fewer by, perhaps, three-fourths of their ori^ nalnumber, they are still 
 supposed to amount to four --r five million»in North America, incluaing Mex- 
 ico ; and five or six millions in South America. Their lamentable dechne, 
 it is believed, has not occurred in consequence of any constitutional defect 
 peculiar to the race — for, with such defect, they could not have increased 
 from few to many, as they undoubtedly did prior to their acquaintance with 
 white men. The inference, therefore, is irresistible, that the causes *" their 
 decline have emanated from their conquerors. These causes have been va- 
 rious, and too numerous to be stated in this place. Nevertheless, your me- 
 morialists believe that some favorable instances of improvement within the 
 vast country inhabited by them, and within the period of our acquaintance 
 with them, (which has been about three hundred and fifty years,) would 
 have occurred had thdir circumstancss been made such as to inspire them 
 
 Ritchie & lieiss, primers. . 
 
 
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 •^ ^ D6r. No. 73. 
 
 with such hopes of prosperity as are necessary to awaicdti, or to keep alive, 
 a spirit of improvement in any other people. Such hopes as these could 
 not bBinduUreaby the tribes near tfc, under the disabilities which had been 
 fixed upon them, and by which they were excluded from participaiting in 
 the privileges of other nations, from the possibility of uniting among them* 
 selves for mutual benefits, and from the right to a permanent residence. 
 
 The government haying assigned to some fourteen or sixteen tribes, once • 
 resident east of the Mississippi, a country in the west, under promises that 
 they should, not be again disturbed, and where they might enjoy among 
 themselves, and the tribes indigenous to that country, thd advantages of 
 law and other civil and religious institutions, the imniigrant tribes (nine or 
 ten of yfhbm were, up to that time, tribes of hunters) have commenced a' 
 career of improvement surpassing iiny thing ever before known among the 
 aboriginals. Your memorialists regard thismeasuis of the government as 
 the first step ever taken, by this or any other government, towards- bringing- 
 into operation a feasible plan of Indian reform ; and already the experiment 
 has demonstrated that tjiat waning race may be saved, and (elevated to pros- 
 perity not inferior to their neighbors. / 
 
 It IS nevertheless perceived that existing efforts of benevolence, in behalf 
 of thi) Indians, are inadequate to their wants — all other benevolent societies ; 
 directing their attention chiefly to heathens in foreign lands ; and hence 
 this association has been organized specially for this purpose. But the 
 affairs of the Indians within the territory of the United . States being, in all 
 points of importance in th^ase, under the management of the government, ^^ 
 the association cannot caflbut its benevolent designs without the favorable 
 action of the government ; and hence this appeal, respectfully, to your hon- 
 orable body. They respectfully pray : " 
 
 1st. That Congress will carry out the design which led to the settlement 
 of the fourteen or sixteen tribes before mentioned, west of the States of Mis* 
 souri and Arkansas. ^ _ 
 
 Your memorialists would respectfully state that they understood that theT« 
 passage of the act of the 28th of May, 1830, had settled the policy of gov- 
 ernment in regard ti» the permanent location of Indians within that territory. 
 By that act the President was authorized to assign to the tribe% lands which 
 should be secured to them by a bona fide title. . ^, 
 
 In 1837, bills, which had been under consideration in Congress, for the*^ 
 organization of the Indian territory, (one of which had ptused the Senate 
 almost unanimously, but had not been definitively acted on in the House of 
 Representatives,) were, by the direction of the Commissioner of Indian Af- 
 fairs, submitted to the consideration of eleven tribes, viz: theStmwnees, 
 Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Sauks, lowas, Kanzas, Weas, 
 Piankeshaws, Peorias and Kaskaskias, and Ottowas. Each of these tribes 
 made a written communication to the government, expressing their satisfac- 
 tion with the proposed plan, and desiring that it might be carried into effect. 
 The views and action of these tribes, m reference to this, may be inferred 
 from their communications, a specimen of which is here respectfully in- 
 serted, as follows: 
 
 " Shawnee Council House, Indian Territory, 
 
 July 12, 1837. ' 
 
 " Sir: We, the undersigned chiefs and head men of the Shawnees, met in 
 council, have hoard read to us, by Isaac McCoy, a paper which you had seni 
 
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 Doc. No. 73. 
 
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 to him, and wnicli has been under consideration in Congress, for the benefit 
 of the Indian tribes within this western country, to which, through the 
 same person, we now return our answer, which we request you to lay be* 
 fore Congress. . ^ 
 
 " The substance of the paper to which we allude, ^e Understand to be as 
 follows, viz: 
 
 " 1st. The^country between the Puncah and Red vers, and southwest 
 of the Missouri river, and west of the States of Missouti and Arkansas, to 
 the distance of two or three hundred miles, is to be set apart exclusively for 
 the use of Indians, excepting the amount necessary for military posts, roads, 
 and public highways, and for the residence of such persons as niay be 
 allowed to reside in the Indian country^ by the laws regulating intercourse 
 with the Indian tribes ; and that the lands granted to the tribes, severally, 
 shall be secured to them by patents from the government of the United 
 States, under such restrictions as shall secure the lands from becoming the 
 property of fin adjoining State or Territory, or of either inditrlduals or^com^^ 
 panics of white persons. 
 
 " 2d. That the superintendent of the Indian district «hall call into gen- 
 eral council, once a year, or oftener, a prescribed number of chiefe, or 
 principal men. That, in this council, the tribes, by their representatives, 
 shall unite for purposes of peace and friendship ; and shall make such regu- 
 lations for the benefit of the confederacy as may, from time to time, appear 
 necessary: the said regulations to be submitted to the consideration of the 
 President of the United States, and not to take effeg until approved by him. 
 That all tribes withm the district be at liberty to |pi the confederacy, and 
 that none be required to do it without its consent ; and that each tribe may 
 make its own internal -^ regulations, consistently with those of a general 
 nature.,. 
 
 "3d. That the iconfederation shall send an Indian, as its delegate, to 
 Washington city, to remain during each session of Congress, to attend to 
 such matters as the interests of the confederation or of the tribes and indi- 
 viduals severally require, whose pay and emoluments shall be equal to thpse 
 of a member of Congress. 
 
 *^ With the foregoing propositions we are well pleased, and we do earn- 
 estly request the President and Congress of the United States to carry them' 
 into efiect as soon as practicable. 
 
 "Hon. C. A. Harris, 
 
 ^Commissioner of Indian Affairs " 
 
 Yowt memorialists respectfully pray that the scheme set forth in the 
 above communication be carried into efiect, or, at least, so much of it as 
 will establish the boundaries of their territory, encourage them to unite in a 
 general council, and allow the confederacy a representation at Washington 
 during the sessions of Congress. ^ 
 
 The oft-repeated promises of the government to the tribes within the limits 
 above described, that they should be secured in their possessions, and the 
 enjoyment of privileges as above set forth, have been strengthened by vaii- 
 ous acts of government ; one of which was the setting apart of a tract of 
 land for the seat of government of the Indian territory. This tract of land 
 was located and surveyed by Mr. McCoy, in 1837, in a central part of the 
 territory, and is in extent about seven miles square. It has, consequently, not 
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 Doc. No. 73. 
 
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 been granted to any tribe, but it remains for the above public purposes, for 
 the benefit of all. 
 
 Those tribes are rapidly losing sight of the real or supposed wrongs 
 which they have suffered, and are daily becoming more and niore attached 
 to oui* nation. Already they form, for our. frontier settlements, a line of 
 defence against distant marauding bands, of some four hundred miles. It 
 seems to your memorialists that nothing ought to occasion deeper regret 
 than any occurrence or delay which would cause those tribes to doubt the 
 sincerity and stability of the promises of government that they should 
 remain there, forever undisturbed, under the institutions suited to their con- 
 dition. They, at this time, unquestiotiably embody among them sucli 
 knowledge of jurisprudence, and such general intelligence and virtue, as 
 eminently to qualify them for the exercise of all the powers, and the enjoy- 
 ment of all the privileges, prayed for by your memorialists. 
 
 The spirit cf nationality which has grown up among each of the three 
 Qouthiern tribes, viz : the Cherokees, the' Creeks, and the united Choctaws 
 and Chickasaws, might possibly suggest something slightly differing, in 
 practical appIication,*from what has been presented above ; but your memo- 
 rialists feel assured that the essentials of their prayer will be found to be in 
 accordance with the desires of all. ' 
 
 2d. Your memorialists further respiectfuliy' ask that appropriations for 
 purposes of education among the tribes within the Indian territory be in- 
 creased. ' 
 
 3d. The association, i^ conformity with the design in which it originated, 
 is anxious to extend its: operations into other parts, and therefore respect- 
 fully prays that measures may be adopted preliminary to the establishment 
 of another Indian territory, upon principles similar to those of the present, 
 west of the Rocky mountains. 
 
 In favor of this design, your memorialists would respectfully offer the fol- 
 lowing considerations : " 
 
 The arrangements for the organization of the present Indian territory, 
 though incomplete, have, nevenheless, awakened, among most of the tribes 
 therein, a spirit of enterprise and improvement before unknown among In- 
 dians. As one convincing evidence of the obvious success of the oxperi- 
 ment, your memorialists would refer to the design of the Secretary of War, 
 about five years since, to organize a second Indian territory on the upper 
 western waters of the Mississippi; for which purpose negotiations were 
 held with the Sioux for the extmguishment of their claims to a large tract 
 of country. In a word, your memorialists cannot hope for the success of 
 any other plan of Indian reform than the one under consideration ; and in 
 this plan they have entire confidence ; and, therefore, earnestly desire that 
 it maybe adopted in favor of tribes in other places. 
 
 The tribes west of. the Rocky mountains are deplorably poor, and igno- 
 rant, and wretched ; and unless measures for their relief be speedily 
 adopted, their condition will soon become niuch worse, by the proximity of 
 white settlements, which are forming in those regions. The remote tribes 
 (especially those near a line which divides the territories claimed by differ- 
 ent civilized governments) are not unfrequently injured by jealousies, 
 fomented by traders, and others, belonging to, and deeply interested in, those 
 governments respectively. The consequences too often are, hostilities and 
 much suffering. If the tribes within the Oregon regions could be collected 
 in a central part, not on the sea-coast, nor adjoining either the uurlheni or 
 
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 rongs 
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 regret 
 bt the 
 hould 
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 such 
 tie, as 
 enjoy. 
 
 Doc. No. 73. 
 
 5 
 
 the southern boundaries of the territory of the United States, under the in- 
 fluence of /au7,and other suitable regulations, and (heihstructions of their 
 literary and religious teachers, they would not be subject to the malign in- 
 fluences to which their present situation exposes them ; and instead of an> 
 noying the citizens of the United States, who are settling in that country, 
 they would become peaceable neighbors. This concentration of those 
 tribes would draw oflf. those rude and troublesome bands from the infant 
 white settlements, greatly to the advantage of the latter ; the growth and 
 improvement of whi*h would, in turn, ftirnish facilities to the operations 
 for the benefit of the Indian territory. Indians, while they remain in law- 
 less bands, can easily be induced to commit depredations upon fellow In- 
 dians, or upon the whites. But when the reckless, and worthless, and 
 wicked are brought under the restraints of the sensible and well-disposed, 
 and these latter become subject to the genial influences here proposed, ill- 
 disposed Indians will be restrained from acts of violence and public crime. 
 
 From what has been suggested, your honorable body will perceive that 
 your memorialists are well aware that it is alone the province of the govern- 
 ment to take the prelin^inary steps towards forming the desired Indian set- 
 tlements under consideration. Of the nature of these preliminary measures 
 your memorialists would speak with delicacy; yet they would, with great 
 deference to the wisdom of those whom they now respectfully address, sug- 
 gest a few considerations. ^ 
 
 They would respectfully recommend that a law be passed, authorizing 
 the President of the United States to take measures for collecting, into one 
 community, the Indian tribes within the Oregon res:ions, and placing them 
 under a proper agency, or superintendency, in a part of that country which 
 would not bring the Indian settlements, thus formed, in contact with any 
 boundary of the United States territory. Let the tribes which should con- 
 sent to settle there, have their possessions secured to them— excluding white 
 population, excepting such as should be necessary for beneficial purposes 
 for the Indians. Let the President of the United States be authorized to 
 apply a portion of the << funds for the civilization of the Indians " to the pro- 
 motion of schools which may be there established by benevolent societies, 
 and, through the agency, or superintendency, invite the Indian tribes within 
 those regions toa^ail themselves of the advantages ofibred by this new set- 
 tlement ; and let the President direct an examination of that country to bo 
 made, sufficient to enable him to make a judicious selection of the place for 
 forming the nucleus of those settlements. 
 
 This done, government would find no difficulty in'peopiing this new ter- 
 ritory ; for the benevolent, employed in Indian reform, would immediately 
 lead 0^ bands to form settlements therein ; the improving and comfortable 
 condition of which would strongly attract others. 
 
 It is known that some unfortunate feuds were created among some of the 
 tribes within the existing Indian territory, prior to their removal west^ 
 which have not, even yet, wholly disappeared. It is believed that some oi 
 those discontented persons would readily embrace so favorable an opportu- 
 nity as this scheme affords, of getting rid of animosity; and that they 
 would at once avail themselves of the advantages which they might hopo 
 for, as early settlers in the new territory. They would perceive that they 
 would have the choice of locations, and, with their knowledge of the arts of 
 civilized life, they would occupy important, profitable, and useful spheres 
 uniong those who would comp in afterward?. Therefore, v\rithoiU injury 
 
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 Doc. No. 73. «^ 
 
 to the present Indian territory, a few, it is believed, of civilized natives 
 would be ready to form a nucleus tothe settlements within the territory 
 contemplated. 
 As in duty bound, your memorialists subscribe, most respectfully, 
 
 WM. C. BUCK, Prea^ 
 Isaac McCoy, 
 
 ♦^ -Corresponding Secretary. 
 
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 Louisville, Kentucky, December 13, 1845. 
 
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