IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 7 / o // * fP, V (/a fA 1.0 I.I IIM IIIII2.5 ;; IIIIM |||||22 It iii 2.0 '*:u.r 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ■^ 6" — ► Photographic Sciences Corporation ^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 -^ *■ v. '^Ci^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 (^'iSt-/-;-^ , g% -f'V^' (in the PI?E88.) 1 EMIfiliATION, I.i51l m RAILWAV FRAUDS/ I I AN OUTCOME -OF THE-- Lamteth Conference OF 1878, EXEMPLIFIED IX A LETTER TO HIS GRACE THE ARCHBiSHOP OF CANTERBURY, CONCERNING TUB FEAUDS IMPOSED UPON THE VeneraWe Soc'ety for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts ; .K'W-' -AND THE- •nd. >■■■■ a Venerable Society for Promoting Christian Enowteige"; AS EMBODIED IN THE COLONISTS' HANDBOOK-CANADA, PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGJ'). -BY- .» HENRY YOULE HIND, M. A., (Fornaerly ProfesBor of Oheiniiitry and Geelogy in the UniwrHity of TiiiiUy Colloc* Toronto.) COMPILER OF THE ANALYTICAL INDEX TO TlIK DOCUMENTS OF THE HALIFAX FISHERIES COMMISSION. «Mlofl»t to the RED RIVBB KXPEDITION of 1857.~In charge of the AS8INIBOI tJ R and SASKATCHEWAN EXPEDiTIONoflfcaS.— Author of Nnrnittve of the Ctatnndlmi Expcdltloni to the North West, I860.— Kxplorotloni in the In- terJorofthe LaBRADOK PKNINsHLAK, 1803.— Official Re- port o« the Gfdojry of New BruiiHWlcIt, 1865 — Official Reports on Waverly, 1Hrt9— Sherbrooke, 1870— Mount Uiiiaoke, Oi'lham and Renfrew * Gold DlgtrictK of Nots 8«otia, 1872, Ac, ftc. <>n the Fishing Grounds of tho Northern Labrador, 1876.— Official Papers on— Tlif Effipot of tlie Fishery (MnuKes of the Trenty of Wafihingtop ^ the FisberietaDd Fi»hernienof British North Ainerioa; Piirts I. andll. i. '.)— Recipient Of Gold Medal and Diploma. ParlH Exhibition. 1«78, ' Maps and Charti* llluHtrHtInK the FiHiierieg of Britlth North America, and the MovemcntH of Fish in the Bea, 1878. -•-♦- WINDSOR, NOVA SCOTIA, 1882. mmi^ V ■* ^ "I closed my letter of the 27th May, 1881,— whkh letter clearly sef forth some of the acts of the Canadian High Commissioner in London, ^with a quotation from an author on whom the light of Christianity had not davrned and blessed. — "The penalty of injustice is not death or stripes, but. the fatal necessity for becoming more and more unjust." I close this present letter with another old-time relic, conveymg the view I desire to entertain respecting your Lordship's action in this mat- ter, and praying that it may soon hi verified: — "The mill of the Gods grinds late, but it grinds fine." Extract from aprinted lett'ir addre»ted by Henry Youle Hind to the Right Honourable the Earl of Kimberley, Her Maietty' s Secretary qf Statfi for the Coloniei, dated Wind' tort Nova Scotia, November 5th, 1881. »l I // 'T- ■' ■» i ';,i,.:v'/ ;;:'i»r:>v. -• -', I;,; ■■<;'. ,:;■;,. ,, -■ r '■'J >i- .•I ( ,. ..J ^; V .S ^«,';- 1. "■■■■ ,i'(:-"-,. ..... ,.^ .- , , ., , , ^v-n<::-^ivV:'.,;? i ■<■■; / J*.''? .■ ■ ■ ^- 1« .■■■* ■■ - . ■ ' ' ' »t . INTRODUCTION^. ^I^lJfr-'''^ ^f *"" J"^"*"' *° ^ «^^^i«« of deceptions with- out parallel m modem history. The ground these doceDdon« covor^, the manner in which they have been coi^erted sus ained and broughtto maturity; the mnk, position andTwecte'of the conspn-ators are all so far above and in excess of the su rotndin^s connected with the transactions of daily life that they jointlv fon'n an episode m the history of our times. They concert the iitema tLTlt Tl^^^ '"V^ '^.r f ^'^^"^'^'i ^^^ powerfulUtnTof ItiWChurirnf" ''^^^'^ '^T '^.*^^ ^^^ ^°'l influence of the fnrn^ n . ^^T^ ^'''*'°"' and a distinguished and highly cul- urcd Communion of another and kindred Nation. They involve test' '""""^^^ °' "^""^ '^^ -™---i -in't;' i» The GWrnments of Great Britain and the United States have been made the unconscious principals in ^>«e international deai CbnS, fr? 'i I^^?^^™ in 1878, a .hich the Bishops of Se Church of England and of the Anglican Communion in the United btates were assembled, supplies the ecclesiastical machinery fox the covert spread of vast misrepresentation; and among the namt which appear m the following narmtive are those of poh^ica"Tnd commercial schemers who have attracted about them mnCrepute and science, alike unable to withstand the temptation to amin ulate wealth, even at the sacrifice of honesty, patriLm and pr^n^ Bm JUMTT-iiim J9. !<«■ ^ Tlio letter which follows describes the manner in which th«3 benevolent purj)ose8 of the Lamuktii Conferkncr have been used by designing men to fuitlier their numimon-worshipping schemes. But because the jigents eni])loyed in ditterent nefiiriouH projects, successfully undertaken by the san:e controlling minds, are in some instances identical, it is impossible to separate one set of frauds from another. Political malf'eas;vnco is so interwoven by this association with commercial intrigues of (lei)raved character, that one form of duplicity can not be exposed without pointed reference to the other. As a consequ(!nce the plan and the results of both become apparent at one and the same time ; and this relation being established the results must collapse together. The sooner that event takes place the better for the morality, well-being and good-neighbourhood of both Nations, apart from the widespread individual autt'ering that collapse would curtail and shorten. The recommendations adopted by the Lambeth Conference of 1878, are developed in the subjoined circular letter of His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury. The first application of the Charity these display shows how swiftlyand easily the most sacred influences may be unsuspectingly enlisted in tJK! furtherance of nefarious work, unless reverently guarded and sedulously watched. Advantage has been taken by persons in high position and au- thority of the benevolent int jntions expressed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of His Grace's letter, (which are an exposition of the recommen- dations of the T.AMBETH CoNFBRENX'E,) to spread inisloading informa- tion concerning paits of Canada for mercenaiy purposes, under the double veil of Government authority and the highest ecclesiastical sanction. No UKio artful device could have suggested itself to the corrupt ruindsof unprincipled ruloisand speculators than thus to pervert the benehceni and purely christian ellbrts of a National Church, associated with a kindred Branch among another people, towards the advance- ment cf fraudulent schemes for pei'sonal gain. This act stamps with infamy the names of the men who conceived and executed it, it also throws a shadow over the characters and lives of those who permit themselves to profit by it, Happily it does more than this. It beckons to the defence of honesty and re- ligion all who care for the maintenance of faith in Divine supervi- sion, and trust in the promises which Eeligion conveys and supports. It arrays those who respect the claims of honour and truth against those who turn with equal mind to Deceit, or the callous abuse of opportunity and power to advance selfish work. This is the letter of His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury. It breathes a spirit of tenderness and humanity which ought to have been sufficient to deter the most unscrupulous from taking dishonest and merciless advantage of the mode adopted in carrying Qut its benevolent purposes. "My Rev. Brethren, and Brethren of the Laity, — I am anxious ta di- rect attention, from a Christian point of view, to the vast movement of Bsople which has for some years been going on between Europe f nd the ritish colonies, and especially between England and America. J. '^Otticial roluiiis show that, during tho first nine montliS of tlie iire- »(Mit y«ai, ;{11},710 emigrants left the ports of (tn'at Britain, noar a^iO.ooO of whom were Britisli subjects. The de.stiiiatioii of more than 15S,00(t of these emigrants was Nortii America. "It has been proposed that a systematic endoavoiir should be niaile to establish more direct comnumication than at present commonly exists tictween the Church at home and the Church in our colonies and in America, with a view to ihe Christian welfare of (he vast pojtulafjoii which is continually passiny; westward from our shores. "The propwsal is in accordance vith the reci'inmend^'ions adopted by the Lambeth Conference in 1878. It has obtained the hearty con«ent of many of the Bishops and cleigy of the Anglican communion in our coto- nies and the United States, and I am anxious to commend it to the no- tice of tlie parochial clergy of England. "The scheme, which is still in its infancy, is at present under the manairement of a joint comndttee appointed by the Society for the Pro- j)agation of the Gospel and the Society for Promoting Christian Know- ledge, its objects, in outline, are as follows: — "(a) To supply the purocliial clergy of England with accurate infor- mation respectinji the various fields for emigration, including special re- ference to the religious and educational advantages which they several- ly possess. "(6) To publish, in a cheap form, a series of simple handbooks for the use of emitfranis to our different colonies and to the United States, con taining, together with other intelligence, correct information as to the clergy, churches, Sunday and day schools, &<.',. in the various places in which emigrants are now settling, "(r) To make such arrangements as may be found possible for the due care of emigrants from England on their arrival in our colonies and in the United States. This would include the provision of commenda- tory lettei-s from the parochial clergy in Ei;gland to the clergy in whose neighbourhood the emigrants propose to settle. "Full information respecting the scheme oau be obtained on applica- tion to the Rev. J. Bridger, Emigrants' Chaplain. St. Nicholas' Church, Liverpool ,to whom all communications ou the subject shouldjbe addressed. "It is, I think, impossible to exaggerate the importance of this sub- ject, ajul I therefore commend it to the earnest and prayerful attention of my bretliren the parochial clergy of England, and the laity of our Church. *'I remain, your faithful brother and servant. A. C. Cantuar. Lambeth Palace, December *>, 1881. The Society for the Propagation ot the Gospel in Foreign Parts took an active interest in this matter, as may be seen from the lowing pa-ssages taken from the Report of the Society for 1881. fol- 'BRITI8H NORTH AMERICA. "The question of the day in our North American Colonies is emigra- tion : of this there can be no doubt. The Society has for many years endeavoured to care for the temporal as well as the spiritual welfare of our emigrant fellow-countrymen, and has endeavoured both to obtain trustworthy informa' ion as to eligible opeuif.gs for colonists, and to provide for their spiritual and educational necessities. ***** In the spring of 1881 the Standing Committee appointed a Sub-Com- mittee to consider the whole question, and many sittings were held. Availing themselves of the power given to them of adding to their tmin- ber, the Sub-Committee invited the Standing Coumiittee of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge to nominate three of their mem- bers who should share their deliberations; other persons known to BK INTERESTED IN THE QUESTION WERE INVITED TO JOIN. They drew up a handbook of useful information ou matters relating to Canada, and proposed to publish similar books on other countries which offer induce- ments to emigrants," ■ i M!\rn rsi- 4. Th: lIiiU(ll)uok (liawn up by tli« Committees named in the fore- ^juing extract introducai the subject in the following words, plainly iudiciiting tlie sources of the information thus conveyed to the un- iiistructed jjcople of Great I'ritnin and Ireland. I'lie source of the luformatiun is HtatefowLEDGE for their Handbook on ( 'anaua. 1 shall endeavour to show how this matter concerns teachers of Religion and morality among all denominations, and that to combat the evil work of some of those placed in authority, or in the enjoyment of position, is not merely the duty of every Christian, but of every man who has a spirit above the level of that of a slave ; of every man who is capable of being moved by impulses of justice or humanity, and of responding to the injunc- tions c " .hat marvellous gift of rea.son, with its still small voice of conscience, which separates him in the life now present, as well as in the hope of that which is to come, from the "brutes that perish." HENRY YOULE HIND, m Windsor, Nova Scotia, June 20th, 1882. *' Sir ALtxANDKK Galt's Confession. •'I imi«t not forget to say a iew word* in coiuiection with the action taken by the Church Societies witli regard to the control of the emigra- tion that is taking place from this country. A joint committee has been formed of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge (of which I had the honour to be invited to become a member), to deal with the question. It has been decided to prepare hatid-books of the different colonies for the in- formation of intending settlers which should also contain matter of a religious nature for their guidance. The hand-book relating to Canada 'has been issued and distributed among the clergy, together with a letter from His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, directing attention to the importance of the subject. Facilities are to be afforded to enable copies of these hand-books to be obtained at a low price, and a form of letter of co'^mendation has been prepared for presentation by the emi- grant to clerjjjman ou arrival in the colonies.''— E'xfrac^ from the Rf port of Sir Alexander T. Gait, 6. C. M. (?., High Commissioner Jor Canada, addressed to the Horiourahle J. H. Pope, Minister oj Agricul ■ iure, dated London, Zlst January, 1882. . ' i ^ ',' > • THE LETTER v :; To Hi^s Grat;^ the Archlmho}) of Cavterbwy, Presidevt of the So- ciety for Pro7noting Chrii May it please your Grace, — ?! - ^D. .'.id' I have the honour to transmit for the information of your Grace a copy of certain correspondence named in the margin, (1) together with a brief statement of the circum- stances which compel me to bring the subject in its entirety under your official notice, and under the notice of the Venerable Societies and Ecclesiastical Dignitaries it concerns. Your Grace has been twice made the unconscious victim of great (1) Letter to ttje Secretary of the Society for PromotinK Christian Knowledge, by Heury Youle Hind, dated May 6tb. 1882. rSee Appendix No. I.) 2. Reply of th-j Reverend Edmutyd McCIure, M. A., Kdttorlal and Publishing Score tary, dated London, May 9tli, T882. flbid j 3. Further letter from Mr. Hind to the Rercrend Edmund HcClure. M. A., Editorial and Publishing Secretary, ('Ibid.; 4. Letter to the Bevd. Canon J. Stewart, Secretary of f'le Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, Liverpoo! ('Ibid j r duplicity iu two distincl capacities, fii-st, as a Legislator (2), second, as the presiding officer of ancient and powerful Cliristian Societies. (3) desigxied for sj)ecial efforts and services in the caust of Keligion, and supported by voluntary contributions for that exalted purpose. It IS in the last mentioned capacity that I would firat re8})ectfully solicit your attention to matters of great moment relating to the drift of tlie unguarded action of tliese Venerable Societies respecting Emigration, in their endeavour to carry out the recommendation of the I^ambeth Conference ; also to the secret object of the movement concerning which the Societies have been unc.onsciou»i,y made power- ful promoters in the alleged interests of Christianity, and to the tendency of their continued patronage of that movement. Your Grace will gather from the following Memoranda, that the "Venerable Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge," (4) and the ' Venerable Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Fore 1 Parts," (5) and the Eight Reverend the Bishops of the United States assembled at the Lambeth Conference in 1878, (6) have been most insidiously imposed upon by ^Sir Alexander T. Gait, G. C. M. G., High Commissioner for Canada, and his w^w. ciates, for mercenary purposes. A perusal of the documents I have submitted to tlie Eeverend Secretaries of the Society for Promoting Christian KnoAvledge iu London and in Ijverpool, will convoy but a very inadequate co!i ception of the object and turpitude of the misrepresentations palm ed upon tlie venerable Societies of which your Grace is President, also upon certain distiugui.«' jd bodies of whom mention is mad^ in my letter to the Pev. Cai.on J. Stewart, of Liverpool, (7) and indirectly upon the Eight Eeverend the Bishops in the United States and Canada, in consequence of the recommendations adopt- ed by the Liunbeth Conference iu 187S, anil specially referred to in your Grace's circular letter, dated December 20th, 1881. (8) Therefore, it is incund^ent upon me, as the enforced custodian by the accident of position andciicumsta.nces, of the leading proofs of individual connection with this turpitude, to represent to youi' Grace, for the information and consideration of all concerned, cer-- tain details of the plot by which Great Societieis, created and vo- luntarily sustained for the diffusion and protection of Eeligion and Christian Knowleifge, together with exalted personages on whom rests the responsibility that this knowledge and its nfluence shall be for good, should have been covertly made instruments for en- VZ) NORTH AMKRICA NO. I riSTS;— CorreHpoiiden<:e fenpectinK ~tiic~naTiSx Fiiiheries Commission— Presented to botli Houbc.s of Pniliaincut bv comninnd, 1878. (3) COLONIST.S' HANDBOOK NO. 1.— CANAD.\, contain'inj; Statisticnl inu: other Information from Government SourceB, and Usi'ful CounMel.s to Kmifjrants- Published under tlic direction of the Tract Committee, Society for Promoting Chris- tian Knowledfje— London. 18M2, (4) Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge— founded 1698. The total number of separate works insued !>v ih's Society in 1881 was 7,82i»,50(j,,of whicli rrnctr amount- ed to .'<.88<.i,0.'i4 and Bour.a Boolnt S^ocletv. in 1881, amounted to up- wards of 100.000 pounds sterling. (0) See letter of His Grace the Archbishop of Car terbury, dated Lrmbeth Palace. Dec. 20th, 1881, page 112 in Report ol the .Society tor Proiiaffatlon of the Gospel iu Foreign Parts for 1881; also in the Introdiction to this letter. (7) See Appendix No. I. Letter No. 4. <8) See toTRonuCTiox. 9, touragiug nefarious work iu vast commercial schemes, and mis- leading the iminstructcd people of the United Kingdom. I propose in this lette" chietly to direct your Orace's attention to the first of the "Coloxists' Handbooks — Canada," and the de- ceitful attempts tlierein made to direct the course of Emigration by its teachings, and especially to give aid to vicious I^nd and Railway speculations in the North West Territory of the Doirii- nion of Canada through tlie dissemination" of misleading and un- truthful statements. But I shall be compelled to notice with some detail, a still more i?agrant exhibition of vileness of principle in public matters, on the ground that the agents in both of these instances of malfeasance are more or less identical, while the ar- rangement and countenance of the i)lots seem to be in both cases traceable to the same group of persist i.nt workers. THE "COLONISTS' HANDBOOKS" , , • No. I. CANADA. PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY FOB PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGP. This Handbook is distributed gratis by Shipping Agents (It) and others connected with emigration in the United Kingdom. It y\ sold in the Depositories of the Society for Promoting (^hiistiui) Knowledge fur three half pence a copy. (10) It contains one map in colours, and consists of 48 printed pages, small octavo. Five pages are devoted lo a general description of the Dominion oi Canada, 13^ p^tg^-s to Manitoba and tlie North West Territories, . \\ pages to Ontario ; 1 page to (^Kiobec; \ a page to New E"uu'!- wick ; \ a page to Nova Scotia; ^ a page to British Columbia and Prince Edward Island. "Manitoba and the North West Terxi- tories" occupy more than three times as much space in this Hand- book as all the other Pvovinces of the Dominion put together. I purpose to contine my remarks to that division of the Dominion for v.'hich this book is practically an advertisement, and to e:<- pose the inaccuracies of four prominent descriptive account;;, namely : — I. — The Map. K: «-vit . /•* rtii? >; ■(; .* \*- ,:,7 II.— The "Wheat Area" of the North West. .'v/Vr •' III.— The Climate of the North West. IV. — The Trade Returns. jW" J iU ' These four leading characteristics being noticed it will probably ' be deemed unnecessary further to expatiate upon the misconcep tions I'able to l>e conveyed by the remaining descriptive portioA of the 'Colonists' Han iii^tory of this map is instructive and suggestive. It wljs i-oncocted about the year 1873 and first appeared in "Information for intending Kmigrants," published by the Department of Agricul- ture in 1874, also in the "Year Book of Canada" for 1874, a work supportrfid in part by the Canadian Oovernraent. The map bears the same title as in the Colonial ( )ffice Pamphlet, in the "Intorma- tion for intending Kmigrants ;"but it has the addition of the words, "and Printed for the Year Book and Almanac of Canada, 1874," in the "Year Book." Somebody, however, seems to have re- monstrated so vigourously against the (Canadian Pacific Rail- way being represented in 1874 as a constructed line, that in ril > A copy of tills letter accompaoie« tliis eoromuulcation. Copiea were trBiiH^iV- Capies were . L»p: ted to the Lord Mayor of London.'-'.uiiaimiv recent visit to Enaland rent to and rcueived by the Secretaries of the Royal Qeoeraphlcal Society and the- Royal (;olonial Institute In 1881. The frauds praotised on tnese Boch'ties being espe < ially noticed in this letter to the Rt. Hon. the Karl of Khnberloy. ^ //. the following year, a similar map is introiluced into the Year Hook for 1875, with parts of the Caiiadian Pacific Railway shown as "projected liailways," and an addition to the title, of tlie words "showing Proposed Routas of the Pacific Railway, 1875." In 1876, the "Year Book and Almanac of Canada" reverted to the maj) of 1874, also in 1877 and 1878. In 1880 the map was corrected .so far as showing that the Canada Pacific I?a.ilway was completed through British Columbia on one line of route only, and not on several line^ of route as shown in the map of 1874. The Northern Pacific of the United Statas, through all these years, is representeil to have remained unchanged. According to the map furnished to the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge in 1882, this im- portant Railway is constructed only as far iis Red River, although trains run constantly to the Yellowstone, many hundred miles west of Red River. Curiously enough, in the same week that I wrote to the Lord Mayor of London a letter exposing the turpitude of Sir Alexander Gait, (12) kSir Charles Tuppcr introduced into the Domi- nion House of Commons a Bill containing the subjoined proviso, relative to the location of the Canadian Pacific Rnilway. "The Canadian Pacific Rnilway Company may subject to the ap- proval of the ( iovernor in (council, In;/ out aiid locate their vtaiii. line of rail WW/ from Selkirk to the Junction with the Western Sec- tion at Kandoops by way of some Pass other than the Yellow-Heaci Pass, provided that the Pass be not less than one hundred milt s from the boundary between Canada and the United States ot America." In November, 1881, I described the map in the Colonist's H;ind book published by the S. P. C. K. in the following words (13) i:i the letter to the Earl of Kimberley : — The Colovuvi- Okfice Pamphlet Map. Tlie title of the Colonial Office Painplilel Map is as follows: — ''Map OF Canada and part of Trih, United States. Coni piled fhom tuk LATEST Authorities. 1880. The Colonial Office Painplilet Map shows the Canadian Pacific Rail- way as a constructed line from Quehec to the Pacific Ocean, ami the NoRTHEHN Paoific ra'lwiv of the United States as a projected line only, beyond Rud River. The true facts of the case beiiis that in Sir J. A. Macdonald's own report for 1881, the Premier jntroductss the Report of his N. W. Mounted Police Commissioner, wlio informs Sir Jchn, that in June 1880 he reached Bisinarck on the Northern Pacific, 204 milcn west from Red River with recruits for the Camidicn Mounted Police. At the san.e date there was not a yard of the Canadian Pacific Railway ready for traffic west of Red River Hence, it appears that Sir A. T. Gait, as Canadian High Coinra.s- sicmer, induced the Colonial Office in 1880 to spread the delusion in England that the Canadian Pacific Railway is a completed line, and that the Northern Pacific of the United States, which carried the re- cruits for the Canadian Mounted Police, exists only in the womb of tlie future. The Toronto Globe under date Winnipeg Oct. 6, recently reports the Governor General as complimenting these same Mounted Police for keeping "order in a country whose fertile, "^hfat growing area ia reckon- ed about 250 milliona qf acres." (12) 8«e Appendix No. II. (13) Kec printed letter to the Kt. Hor. the Earl of Kimberley before ritud. Hi HM > .1 , ■/HE AMLRKAN Tii.sBuPS. The, pi'iKitical (.'llVict of the map in the "Colonists' Handbook" in icliition to the American Bishops who sanctioncsJ at Lambetli in I H78 the general scheme described in paragraphs (a) and (b) of your (jJraci/s circular letter, is this — They are represented to assent to the delineation of the Canadian Pacific Railway as a construct- ed line from the Atlantic to the Pacific in 1880, and the/ are re- presented to deny the existence of the Northern Pacific west of lieil Kiver in 1880. They attest to the delusion that the vast ;ind nnin habited Plain Couutry of British North Americfi is tra- versed b\ a completed Railway, while through their own country^ ;i similar line in a'^ual operation for 400 miles is projected only, is it likely that the American Hi&hops will submit to, or sanction this delusion? It is iilso worthy of note that in November of 1881, the Depart- ment of A'gricuUure at Ottawa, published ^ Report of a speech de- livered by His I'Acellency the Marquis of Lome, Governor (ften- eral of Canada, at AVinnipeg. The pamphlet is illustrated with a Tfiap of the Dominion roughly showing parts of the Canadian Pacific I'ailway consti'ucfed, and part* which are projected only. It is scarcely neces.sary to say that, even now, 600 miles of tiff Canadian Pacific Railway have to be constructed in the Plain Coun- try alone, before the Rocky Mountains ;tre reached, and that Sir A. T. Calt, not content with furnishing the Colonial Office in 1880 with a map, palpably and glaringly false to the initiated, did not, lliink it beneath hivs dignity as a man, and his position as repre- senting a loyal jieople, furthei' to inijtose upon venerable Societies' whose efforts are designed to promote C-hristian" Knowledge and. the Propagation of the Gospel, and who Irave voluntarily under- taken to act as guides to intending Emigrants belonging to their own country and religious persuasion. I will now enumerate a few of the publications in which Sii Alexander Gait and the Canadian Department of Agriculture have piesented this m;t[> to the public, in hundreds of thousands of copies. But it is important to point out as a preliminary, that in other maps puT»b\^hed by the Department of Agriculture at OttawA ur the Dej)artment of the Interior, the unconstructed portion of the ■< 'auadian Pacific Railway is indicated by dots, in the usual nnin- uer, as a projected line. I have further to inform your Grace that in certain of the Avorks published by the D(^partment of Agricul- ture, notably a "Handy Book for Emigitints," copies of the same edition of the same work procured in Canada, contain a dift'erent map bearing the same date, to copies of the same edition circulated in England ; and copies procured in Canada, do not show the Ca- nadian Padfic Railway as a rovstructed line. This distinction manifests a delicate discrimination at Ottawa between the intelli- gence and extent of information respecting the Dominion existing in Canada as compared with England, which will not escape the no- tice of your Grace. But it is very dangerous diplomacy, as may be hereafter seen in respect of other matters to which it will- be Editiou (jf udbook" in inibeth in and (b) of ed to assent constnict- fie/ are re- fic west of at tlie vast licji is tra- n\ country, 3Cted only, or sarction he Depart- speech de- ruor (ften- ed with ii iian Pacific les of trrf- ^lain Coun- thatSir A. ce in 1880 did not, I as repre- le Societies- LEDGK and. I'ily under- g to their whicli JSii Iture have )usauds of ry, that in at Ottawi tiou of the sual niAn- Grace that Agricul- the same difterent circulated w the Ga- listinction le intelli- i existing pe the no- , as may will- be my duty to draw your ("iraco'.s attention. (H) SOMK OF TIIK. W'f»KKfl i\ WHICH THIH MAi' IS PUBI.I.SHK1>. I. — Dominion of Canada — A Hand-Rook for Pimigrants. lished by the Department of Agriculture — Ottawii 1881. 2. — Englaud'8 Future (iranary — By J. P. Sheldon. 3, — Ijii Province du Manitoba, et le Territoire du Nord (.)uest — Informations pour les Immigrants — Public par le Department de L' Agriculture — Ottawa, 1880. 4. — Same as No. 3 in English. Edition 1879. 5. — A Tour through Canada, by Thomas Moore — Dublin, 1880. 6. — Information for Emigrants to the British Colonies, issued by the Colonial Offici: — 1880. 7. — Colonist.*' Handbooks, No. l. — Canada — Containing Sta- tistical and other information from Government Sources, and Use- ful Counsels to Emigrants. Published under the direction of the Tract Committee, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1882, &c., &c., &c. falsification of geographical FEATURKK DKLINKATED on IHF MAP, If your Grace will compare the Icundaries of the Province of Quebec as given on the map in the "Colonists' Handbook," compil- ed by the Department of Agriculture, Ott'twa, with the boundnries as given on the map introduced into copies of a "Hnndy Book for Emigrants," published by order of the Minister of the Interior. Ot- tawa, both maps bearing the same date, you will find that the boun- daries of the Province of (Quebec, as represented on these (!iovern- tnent ma{»s, diif*»r very oou.siderabl\', and the coui-ses of rivers anci the locations of lakes on the Ijibrador Peninsula ar' C/olonist's H:mdbook to 1)^ 193,- 3")') square miles. I shall explain the object of this difference fur- ther^on, under the head of ''Personal Kelations," meanwhile stating that the purpose is of a very contemptible and vile character. I will further solicit your Grace to compare the (ieographical features representing the Nelson Piver flowing from Eake Winni- peg to the Sea as given tnthe.se maps, with the features of the sanif. river tus represented in an Oftlcial (Janadiau n.ap published in the Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society for October, 1881. Your (irace will discern a ditfereucp of very marked and important character which also covers a misleading and vile purpose, and is noticed in my printed letter to the Earl of Kimberley. lieferring to the reply with which the IJev^erend Editori;il Secre- tary of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge honoured me, (Appendix No. I.) when calling his attention to Sir Alexander Gait's turpitude, I may respectfully point to the dilemma in which the Reverend Secretary would be placed if the two Ofhcial Maps, one published by the Department, of the Interior at Ottawa, and the other by the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa, both bear- (\\) See primed I«»tt*r to The^url of KiinDerleyT dated Nov. 5th, 1U81, for m deacrip- tion of fhiB and aaothtr imp ot ttio name eijuatry, published by the De|,;»rtmeiit <>f the Interior— Canada. 1 \u T , T' ing the same date, and circulated as rej)rcaonted, were submitted to him for selection. He could not take both, for they show entirely different representations of tlie same thing. They aie both otficial and tlierefore, according to the Reverend Secretary, not mattei"s of controversy. Jiut which would he select? He has unconsciously received and published an untrue map, for the information of con- fiding and uninstructed Lnglish people. 'Jo my miml, liis first duty is to remedy the injury done by open acknowledgement and warnings to the public. Before I close this letter it will be ..een that 'i)iap wukinci'' is a powerful instrument for deception in the hands of the North West Territory Swindlers, and it has attain ed a marked prominence among their fi-audulent devices. Further notices of these and other Official Maps, and the infamy at- tending their distribution, will be found in my printed letter to the Earl of Kimberley, dated Nov. 5th, 1881. I now turn from the MAP to the TEXT of the "Colonists' Hand- book." II. THE "WHEAT AREA." ! .\ 1 ■ The "Colonists' Handbook" contains the following information for Immigrants from tlie British Isles respecting the Wheat Area of the North West Territory of Canada. •'A better idea will perhaps be gaiiu-d of the extent of this colony if we remember tliat the total area of Great Britain and Ireland is 120,87V> square miles. The 8ina;le province of Manitoba, therefore, is ab*»ut the same size as Great Britain and Ireland, and the North-West Territories contain an area nearly twenty times as large. Tlie fallowing statistics were prepared by Mr. Malcolm McLeod, son of the late Chief Trader. Jolm McLeod, of the Hudson's Bay Company, and vill give some idea of the extent of this part of Canada, and the different areas into which it is clasoified: — Wheat Area. Sq. Miles. 1. General boundaries: from Lac Seal (say long. 92 deg. W. lat. 50 deg. N. ) to the foot of Rocky Mountains in lat. GO deg. N. ; thence along base of Rocky Mountains to the south bend of Mouse river; thence to the Lake of the Woods, lat. 49 deg. N. ; thence along Rainy river, and thence to Lac Seal. This area, embracing Manitoba, unbroken by mountains or rocks to any material extent, with streams and small lakes which but fertilise, may be stated at 320,000 2. Beyond it, northwards, are also areus of rich vegetable mould (humus), on wai-m Silurian and Devonian bases, and with marly clays of the utmost fertility.'* 50,000 &c., <&c., &c. This information appears in the evidence of Mr. Malcolm Mc- Leod before the Select Committee on Immigration and Colonization of the Canadian Parliament in the year 1876. It will be found in its complete fonn on page 43 of Appendix No. 8 to the Journals of the House of Commons, Canada, for 1876. (15) Mr. McLeod there states that he is a Barrister, and District Ma- gistrate for the District of Ottawa. He was born in the Saskatche- (16) The re.ider is referred to the SeBSional Papers depobited in Liverpool and London at the Canadian Emigration Agencies for this authority. /e5. wan Viilley, 1111(1 cro?..se(l tlii> Ifocky Mountains in 1822, or rxnctly 60 years ago. He reciossed t' mountuius in 1S20, and left the country when he was scarcely ten years okl. Thim is what Mr. Mcl.eod says in his evidence. "I liappen to have, in my father's collection, many hundreds, probably a coujjIo of thousands, of such pa[)ers, and also hand maps (made in the field) of the country, and it ut of the North -West Territories. Is situated be- "tween the parallels 4& deg.— 62 deg.3' north latitude and 89 deg. 2'— "101 deg. 2' west longitude, in the very heart of the Continent of Ame- "rica. It contains In round numbers 120,000 8qUARE Milks, or 76,- 000,000acre8of land." Your Grace will find that the descriptions of Soil (page 10) and of Climate (page 9) given in the Colonial Office Pamphlet, as applying to 14,000 square miles of surface, are introduced into the ''Colonists' Handbook" (pages 24 and 26) as applying, word f'or word, to 1 20,000 square miles of surface, much of which is known to me and to every traveller there to be bare rock, lake, or vast •norass. And this description is given in a "Handbook," whose first words inform the trusting emigrant, that the information it con- tains may be "thoroughly relied on." The force of palpable un- truth and deception could scarcely present itself in better form than in this simple illustration, but I regret to say there are others of far worse character. No notice is taken of the vast Lakes, — Winnipeg, Manitoba, Winnepegosis, &c.^ within the limits named, but all are included as Fertile Land. I shall have occasion to notice this form of generalization again. ri position of the amfrioan bishops. Now what ifi the position of the American Bishops in relation to these misrepresentations ? They cannot countenance absurdities so gross and so injurious to their own country as a means for deter- mining the course of emigration and the investment of capital in Land Companies and Railway Companies. It is unnecessary to pursue this inquiry further, the answer and the stejps to be taken are patent tQ every man possessing a conscience. . ^t I am reluctantly compelled to ask your Grace's attention to I ! I I! I I /6. tlifi Ibllowfng disliunorit and \iniii;inly fnature in these matters. A year ago it bccauit^ my duty to point out to J-oids (Iiauvillu and Kinihcvlcy in a printt'd letter, datod May 27tl), ISHl, a copy of •wliicdi Ih appended, (1(5) viiriouH nidiirioiw acts of Sir Alex. Gait, and liis allies. In section 10 of the "Arguniont" given in Ajipen- dix No. III. vuu)' (rrace will obsi^-ve that I made special allusion to the publication in tho Colonial Offico Pamphlet of Mr. McLeod'8 delusions — Section 10 is as follows: — (10. PuMication by the Iniperiiil Colonial Office in 1880, of a pamph- let coiitaining eiron^ouf statements respecting a" Wheat A7ca" ;J20,000 square miles in extent, the existence of such area liavint; l.een virtual- ly disproved by the Ent'neer-in-(;hlet' of the Canadian Pacific Itailway in 187t) ami 1880. Said pamphlet issued by the Colonial Oflice and en- titled "Information for Emigrants to the British Colonies." Distribu- tion of this pamphlet under tiiO supervision of Sir Alexander (iaU, the (.'anadian High Commissioner. Copies of tliis letter were sent to Sir Alexander Gait, yet not- withstanding the fact that tho leading atrocities peri)etrated hy this diplomatist were pointed out in that printed letter a year ago, yet this ])ublic officer, rcspresenting a loyal colony of first im})ortauce, persists in palming ui)on your Grace and the Venerable Socie- ties for the I'ropaoation oi' the Gospel and Phomotixg Chhis- TIAN Knowledge, the same stale and exploded fictions to beguile through your sacred influence the uuinstructed people of England. It is no excuse that the Government of Canacte, countenanced this proceeding. It is generally thought that an innate sense of respect for any assemblage of Ministers of religion suffices to shelter them from im- position in the execution of benevolent work ; but what are avb to think of men who coldly impose misleading statements upon the re- presentatives of the Lambeth Conference, whose recommendations rise, in the minds of multitudes, to the exalted dignity of law. The Rt. Hon. the I^arl of Kimberley wa« silent in the matter of my representations, although it pertained to his department of Gov- ernment. The Colonial Office Pamphlet and Map are still distri- buted. I procured one from the Liverpool Emigration Office in March, 1882. I cannot better bring this brief notice of the character of the in- formation respecting the "Wheat Area" of the North West Terri- tories with which the Joint Coiumitto of the Great Missionary So- cieties of the Church of England has been supplied by Sir Alex- ander Gait, to a present close, than by quotations from two very re- cent documents now before me. One document is the Annual Re- port of the Minister of Agriculture for the Dominion of Canada, for the year 1881 ; the other is, Despatch No. 334 ; addressed by the United States Consul at Winnipeg to the Hon. J. C. Bancroft Davis, Assistant Secretary of State, U. S., dated Winnipeg, Feb. 9th, 1882, and kindly forwarded to me by Mr. Davis.' ' " :'"' "l* ' The Dominion Minister of Agriculture says :-— ' ' In the absence, of the completion of exact surveys, it may be gener- " ally stated that the area of this Wheat land comprises an extent of '* from one hundred and fifty to two hundred millions of acres. • « • (10) Bee Appendix No. III. "TliosettlenvMit of llin C'linailiaii Xorlli-West bcHidos fdniisliiiia; homes "tor niillions of rlit; rcdumhinl populHtioi) ut' tlie Uiiiti-d Kingdom and "Kiirope. will sfttlc liits (|iii'stl()ii of tlie supply of bieadstuiTs for the •"Motliv,;- Country, by Tnaking it entirely Indtipendenl of Foreigners.*" [*Ni)TK.— "Ill »i/m)(.r^ (;/>/,.• /)/v(V'(//»f/ ivHii'i /•/•I it Ih ii» well to miDif the followlii); '' <'Xtriict> I'roiii the Ii'Mur i)f a -MftliiKiiiH)!)-!) Am«j|cun, lion. IIi)ru(lo Si^ymour, lute " (Joveiiior of the Siiitf of \i'w Yirk ■ — " * ♦ » * " I siiw iIiduhhihIh mid thous-" •■ ttiid" of luTi'it of Wlii'UI, olcariiijir 40 t)!!-"'!!-!" to tlie acre. Wfinliiii^ 0:t iiiirt fl6 pounds" " to tlio ImibIicI SASKATCH- EWAN VaLLEYS-ARGUMENT for A ST, PAUL, MINNEAPOLIS & ATHABASKA RAILWAY. To the Editor of the " Lands of Plenty." i Sir, — A comparative statement of temperatures at St. Paul. Winnipeg and Battleford, for the first months of the current year, including April, having been published by me and noticed in tho Pioneer Pretis, St. Paul. I assume that your readers will be interested in a similar statement for the year ending July 31. 1879, to which I have added the monthly ob- servations at Toronto. These positions are as follows : N. Lat. W. Lon. Toronto. 43.39 79.23 St. Paul 44.5-2 1(3.05 Wlnnepeg 49.50 «6.L'0 Battleford 52.30 109.00 It will be con^ nient to refer to latitudes as Toronto, 44® ; St* Paul, 45 ° ; Winnipeg, 50 ° • Battleford, 53 ^ . i'he place last named is situated on the Saskatchewan ^^ver, at the junction of the Battle river, and is the capital of the North-west Territory of Canada, as the vast district west of Manitoba (longitude 99 '5 ) to the Kocky mountains is now known geographically and politically. Battleford is the residence of the Can- adian Lieutenant-Governor Laird, and has its wewspaper, Saskatchewan Herald. I will further premise that Sergeant Price of the (/anadian mounted police at Battleford, Mr. James Stewart, of the Canadian signal service at Winnipeg, Sergeant Cone of the United States signal corps at St. Paul, and M:. G. 0. Rainboth, Dominion civil engineer of Quebec, have kindly furnished the materials of the following TABLE OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. Win- Battle- Toronto. St. Paul. nipcK. ford. 4.UffU8t 66.38 72.00 67.34 67.7» September • 58.18 00.06 52.18 47 10 October 45.84 46.03 3B 84 34.62 November 36.06 38.03 30.66 28.66 December 25.78 19.03 11.97 6.48 January 22.80 16.03 —6.10 0.45 February 22.74 15.02 — I'.2.:i2 —10.25 Maroti 28.93 33.01 14.14 16 80 April. . >' I t ' • ^O-^^ 60.04 89.10 46 70 May. . . «r . . U.74 58.07 63.13 63.36 Jnne 61-86 67.09 63.20 60.45 July 67.49 73.05 68.19 63.96 ^j Yearly means. . . . 44.04 46.62 34.76 34.82 '' ^ A statement of mean temperature during the agricultural season, from April to August inclusive, exhibits the following proportions : Toronto, S70 05' ; St. Paul, 65 <= 5' ; Winnipeg, 58° 19' ; Battleford, 58 o 53'. ThuK it wilt be seen that the climate, in its relation to agriculture, is warmer in Manitoba and over territory stven hundred miles north- west, than in the most central districts of Ontario ; while St. Paul, in latitude 45® is 7° 40' wanner than the vicinity of Toronto in latitude 44®.* I hope soon to be in possession of similar statistics at Fort McMurray on thejAthabasita river, and Fort Vermillion on Peace river, respectively 1,000 and 1,200 miles due north-west of Winnipeg, and I have full ton- tidence that the climate at these points will not be materially different from Battleford. The altitude of the Athabaska and Peace river dis- tricts is less and the trend of the Pacific winds through the Rocky moun- tains is mere marked than at Battleford." * The italics are our own— Editor " Land* of Plenty." Al] this nonsense is based on misleading and falsified meteoro- logical data. >■' '^ Somebody has put into the Consul's hands false figures purport- ing to represent, as he states, the means for Toronto, Winnipeg and Battleford for the year ending July 31, 1879.' The trick was a shameful one, especially in relation to Winnipeg, ^hose figures are outrageously wrong. There are, however, other instances of simi- lar fraitds in the same direction, notably the two false .tables pre- pared by Professor Macoun, and the other meteorological data man- ufactured by that charlatan as displayed in my printed letter to the Earl of Kimberley, dated Nov. 27tli, 1881, also the annotated Meteorological Statements by Colonel Dennis, the late Deputy Minister of the Interior for the Dominion, in Mr. Hepple Hall's fictitious "Lands of Plenty," page 41, and in Mr. Silver's Hand- b ok of Cauada, page 237, and numerous other instances. Sir Alexander T. Giilt, with every official source at his command which the observatories at Toronto and Washington could offer, selected three columns of Consul Taylor's "mean temperatures" and published them in the Colonial Office Pamphlet in 1880. After atr tentiori had been directed to its misteachings, this unpatriotic schemer again presented the same manufactured imposition to the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge to spread amoi*g the trusting people of England, seeking information. It .is to be remeniberod that these fictions are paraded as ' an "Argum&rd for a St. Paul, Minneapolis ^ Athabaska Railway." Every one in Canada knows that there exists in the Dominion an excellent Meteorological Service supported by Government, and having o% cr one hundred Sitations scattered throughout a large por- tion of its surface. Each year the reduced, corrected and tabulated results of the observations thus made are printed, and published under the supervision of the Superintendent at Toronto. There- fore, any one turning to the official returns can not fail to detect enormous differences between Sir Alexander Gait's temperaturap for the year ending July, 1879, and those presented in the official records. These are the differences, between Totonto and Winnipeg, as given ill the Official Returns and those palmed on the United States C'onsul. 2^, I \ TORONTO. WINNIPEG •-^ a rt i .2 u § T c > ■-■-.■ . 4 CO ■3 c« •0 *i (4 •a •a *» 3 2 1 dbook Pamp §s 3S ** V , £€ s S£ s '<«0 s -«,o s *j 4-f lA ■ S cn c s '3 il .2 a .s ^ U ^ 1878. August 66.38 68.4 67-34 66.3 (( September . 58.18 61.1 52.18 50-4 ( April 40 72 39-9 39.10 38.9 .t May 5174 61.85 67.49 54-4 61.9 68.7 53.13 63.2b 68.19 54-0 63.6 67.5 u June u lulv S "v From these contrasted tables your Grace will se** tba. the conclu- sions drawn from Sir Alexander Gait's false table taken from Con- sul Taylor's letter are reversed, and that from "Toronto westward the temperature /aW<< during the summer months" — always sup- posing that conclusions based on such meagre data are admissable. But if the means for a large number of years are taken the differ- ence in favour of Toronto comes out in a still more striking man- ner, and yet Toronto from its proximity to Lake Ontario has a con- siderably lower mean monthly temperature than a very large por- tion of western Oiitario. (17) The following comparison of the means of the "Agricultural sea- son" for a large number of years, illustrates the absurdity of Con- sul Taylor's conclusions. The means for Fort Garry (Winnipeg) have been kindly supplied by th e United States Signal Sfervice. (17.) If we take an ialand station suob a« London, Ontario, and eomiMK th« reeor*!*- ot Aug. 1S78, July, 1870, and June, 1870, with those of Winnipeg for the ■•■»« nsontiM we And the meteorolo^oal relation* thn* reprefented ;! ■'x;'' "••"J • London. Ontario. Winnipeg. ■ tf: Mean. 71.00 M.8 If we take the months in the same year we find the following results oflclally ^recorded. Winnipeg. ,-> , Mean. »"{*'* vf.; ^^y■^ ly London^tMlo. If we compare with Battleford for the summer monthi) of the year 187S, the suns of the tempacMures are thus officially glTen. * ^. ■■■ ' Toronto V».\ h^<\v \^ aj^* I; Wimipeg. ...... *».♦ Battleibr 1M.7 \ . V 3 o o V o ;1 The means for Toronto are jjorts. TORONTO. April 41. 1 1 May 51.52 June /61.65 July 67.30 August 66.15 from the Toronto Moteorologiciil Re- (1) FORT OARRT (2) (Winnipeg.) 34-3 52.2 60.7 iden<>e(Mar. let, 1881 Mh»t 2S,000 oopiee of the Supplument or Appendix to the Departm it Report, containiOK these figures, are issued this year. Extracts from Consul Taylor's speeches are found printed in Capital letters In Mr. ComniUsiuuer Brydges Pamphlet entitled " Manitoba and the North Weat" The pet psragraph is thia :—" Three- fourths of the Great Wlieat produoins belt of the Con- tinent lay north of the boundary. There the future bread supply of America, and ul> the Old World too. would be raised." This it) an extract fh>ai Cfonaul Taylor's speech' at Wlnnip»g on Oct. 2nd, 1S79. This extract and some more in the aame style i* to be tound In " A Tuur in Canada" by Thomas Moore, of which 10,000 copies were pur- chased by the Dominion Uovemment. Consul Taylor'a deductions are reproduced in the Hon. Peter Mitchell's •> Notes ot a Holiday Trip." The Tenant Farmers Uelegatea have the telling extract from Mr. Taylor'a speech In the Report. Mr. Siiow reproduces it. In "Southern Manitoba." of Which brochure W.tKK) copies were purchaacd by the l>oniinion Govemraent, the choice paragraphs from Conaul Tavlor's apeech ai Rmerion, Man., on Jan. 23. 1880, are reproduced and special attention directed to them. The Imperial Commissioner, Mr. Pell, notices with commendation Consul Taylor'a speeches and df scrlptionn of the Canadian North West, and scya that the ideas of tlie t^ommlsaioners "had been moat ably sketched by Consul Taylor already. It was a pity the Hou. Qentteman bad uut to write the Report, or at least aaslst in its compiia-, lion.'' LmaWj, in the paper on " Rngland's Colonial Granaries" read before the Rioyall^ Colonial Institute on the 22Dd Non. 1881, Mr. Webster has heralded Conaul Tayloi*! deductions and speeches, In a broad tfeneralizatlon. By these means the erroneous deductions from mialeading and apparantly altered' f -rw '■ Windsor, Nova Scotia. ■ . • > . Sir, — I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 12th of December last with the enclosures, and to inform you that a copy of it was duly referred, with the Meteorological tables which accompanied, it, to Mr. James W. Taylor, Consul for the United States at Winnipeij, for his information and such remarks as he deemed proper to make upon the subject. I have now to enclose for your perusal copies of his dispatches num- bered 833 and 334, which treat of tho subject, and to inform you, that, pursuant to your request, a copy of your letter has been to-day submit- ted to Professor Baird of the Smithsonian Institution accompanied by copies of the dispatches of Mr. Taylor, before adverted to. j I am, Sir, your obedient Servant, ..' V. i , ^ (Signed,) J. C. Bancroft DavM, Aseletant Secretary. ,,^.. ENCLOSURES. J,, 1. Mr. Taylor to Mr. Davis. No. 833, February 8, 1882. No. 334, February 9, 1882. COPIBfl. :! To this letter I replied as given in the Appendix No. II. 27, A short time afterwards there was forwarded to me in England a letter from the "Office of the Chief Signal Office" War Depart- ment, Washington, dated April 15, 1882, stating that my commu- nications had been referred by Professor Baird to tliat office ; also enclosing certified official returns of Mean TemperaTdbbs at cer- tain stations. These valuable data, being the means of many years observations, are not comparable with the erroneous alleged temperatures of 1878 and 1879 placed in Consul Taylor's hands for comparison, and in part introduced by Sir A. T. Gait into the Colonial Office Pamph- let and the "Colonists' Handbook" to give currency to views con- trary to fact, which a momentary glance at the Official Meteorolo- gical Report published at Toronto would have completely dis- proved. But the annual means kindly furnished by the United States Signal Service, enable me to show the entirely erroneous character of Mr. George Stephen'., published statements as Presi- dent of the Canadian Pacific Kailway in his "Official Memoran- dum," that "The mean annual tempei-ature of Winnipeg does not differ mj^terially from that of Chicago, St. Paul or Montreal." How Mr. George Stephen can have arrived at that misleading con- clusion, with the meteorological dat** at his command is inexplic- able. But Mr. Henry Stafford Northcote, M. P., a director of the Ca- nadian Pacific Railway, goes further than Mr. Stephen in his me- teorological excess. This gentleman says on page 108 of the "NiNKTEENTH Century" for January, 1882, that "There is no ap- preciable DIFFERENCE between the mean temperature of Winnipeg and that of Montreal or St. Paul ; and Canadians have before thei*- eyes the success which has attended the settlement of the Ameri- can North- West." Canadians will shortly have before their eyes Mr. H. Stafford Northcote's experience at Washington, where as an attache during negociations for the Treaty of Washington, this gentleman assisted in the manufacture of the XXXth Article of that Treaty, which greatly concerns the Canadian Pacific Railroad -iirt'xnvo t\ b'».iflfi' No man of sound mind can conscientiously say that a mean tem- perature of 33 "^ 4 is about the same as a mean tempserature of 44 '^ 0, or even approaches it. Then why did Mr. George Stephen, with all his vast facilities for obtaining correct information, make this deluding statement in his Official Memorandum as President of th« Canadian Pacific Railway. Here are the true means for the periods named, and Winnipeg stands out with a mean annual temperature only a degree and a half above the freezing point of water. Mon- treal is 10 degrees above the freezing point of water. St. Paul 12 degrees above the same standard. This is the answer to My. George Stephen's and Mr. H. Stafford Northcote's meteorological delusions. The climate of the North- West generally is characterized by mark- ed and sudden variability, which makes it hazardous to Agricul- ture, »nd particularly to stock raising. ' * ' '» Table showing the annual mean temperature of St.' l*aul, Ghi- qago, Montreal, Winnipeg and Toronto, according^ to the authori- ties named. ^ v mt "f i 1 ( VM ^iZ Bam ^ 1 i : 1 I I > '■•<■ ■■<■ ■ ■■■ ■ ANNUAL MEAN. St. Paul (i) 44^0 Chicago (2) 45°85 Montreal (3) 42^47 Fort Garry, Winnipeg (4) 33% Toronto (5) 44*^17 I may again respectfully ask, what are the American Bishops, who cordially assented to the recommeut^ations of the Lambeth Conference, as set forth in the truly humt./' .• .itui- i ,. .u -- MEAN TEMPERATURES OF NOVEMBER AT THE STATIONS NAMED.' " ' •1.1' t . r^Jtesfl Toronto 36.55 .in. jV(A i Montreal 355o (0 f'^i i.i 0* Chicago 36.36 t;- ■\t tlKte St. Paul 28.8 fr. i»Hi' Mifloru Winnipeg 17.26 \\\m».{A Fort Garry (Winnipeg) i7-70 Here then is a contrast between the mean November temperatures of Winnipeg and the other stations named which must strike and startle the most phlegmatic reasoners, and make them wonder what the Hon. John Henry Pope is about. OTHER METEOROLOGICAL FALSIFICATIONS. There is far more^ehind the illusory figures furnished to Consul Taylor than meets the eye, and it is of a character not merely liable to deceive but difficult in some cases to detect and expose. Sir Alex. Gait furnishes an illustration in the following words taken from the "Colonists' Handbook." "The fall of snow is also less in the western portion of the Dominion ; iw the first ha'f of the year 1876 it was 28 1-2 inches, and in the second half 29 3-4 inches, but the snow is no drawback to the growth of the crops, v.hich are sown in April and May, and hai-vested in August and September." This passage looks harmless enough,, but when carefully examin- ed and the data traced back, it is found to be entirely misleading, and reveals the clue to a system of meteorological fraud of vast pro- portions. I have entered fully into the details of this system in an enclosed printed letter addressed to the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Kimberley, dated Nov. 27, 1881. I have there compared the dis- graceful data presented and perverted by Professor Macoun in the T ario'i9 publications which that charlatan has been premitted to supply to the public as an official authority. -t In a published letter to the "Nottingham Daily Guardian," a copy of which is enclosed, I have noticed another claas of meteoro- logical falsifications largely circulated under the authority of Siij A. T. Gait in England, but I should fail in my duty if I were not to point out to your Grace those portions of my printed letters to the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Kimberley, dated Nov. 5th, 1881, and Nov. 27th, 1881, in which I refer to the conduct of Colonel Dennis, the late Deputy Minister of the Interior for the Dominion of Cansida, in this relation. Mr. Hepple Hall's misleading work entitled "Lands of Plenty" was annotated by Colonel Derinis and the statements made in that work are of such a disgraceful charac- ter that they deserve the most public exposure and condemnation. This work is patronized and circulated by Sir John A. Macdonald's Government, and the fictions it contains are dedicated to Sir J. A. Macdonald. It is noticed at some length in my letter to the Earl .of Kimberley, dated November 6th, 1881. V, ., r (1) Period years 6 montha— aathority— Smiihsonian Contrlbuttooa to Knowledge. In the authorities given the mean variea from 33.71 to 35 60. Your Gr;ico will o1>^ii(?rvf from the facts brouf,'ht forwanl in the letter tu Lord KiiiilM'ilt'V tliat thi) nidtttT is one of vciy senouf* nio- iiiout, and conot'vn.s th« IjuycrH aiul .sfllors of Kuilway and Land Scrip in the Nortli-West Territories. (19) .Sliould the ofore a Court of Justice, as is not imprubahle, tlio responsi- l)ility which r(3st.s upon tliose in authority wlio have continued to patronize the ])crversions and charlaianism of Professor .Macoun and aome other official authors, will doubtless meet with due re- cognition. I liave now pointed out illustrations of three diiferent fornis of misrepresentations furnished to the Society for the Promotion of ( -hristian Knowledge for distribution among the dependent and uninstructed class who (utlier voluntarily seek counsel an IV. THE TRADE RETURNS. I now ask leave to revert to the imposition practised upon your Grace and ceiiiain of the Right Reverend the Bishops, in your joint Legislative capacitie.s, on the ground that the "Colonists' Hand- book" furnishes the intending British Emigrant with some Trade (19 J •' iSy this inlquitouc Meteorological process of comparing peasous miide up of different months ; selecting seai^onR ; Inverting seasons ; altering temperatures, and adding together wrong month:^ , extraordinary and t-triking results can be obtained. Wiiotlier they are plillosophicat, honest, gentlemanly or lawful is another question altogether. IJut what is to be thought of the Government who employs this charlatan to get up these tables, and who then spreads the false information by hundreds of thousands of copioH throughout the Uritiali Ishs. .What is to be thought and said of those who accept this manufactured information, and make money out of it. This is a matter, my Lord, for future and very serious consideration. The Dominion Oovernmunt has a splendid Meteorological service, with one hundred stations scattered over the country. But the truths of this oflHcial and recognised service are rej«cted. and the falsehoods of the charlatan preferred and accepted. Tins too, is a very serious matter for the consideration of the near future. I shall perhaps dwell upon "it at some length then." Letter to the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Kim- berley. dated Windsor, N- S., Nov. 27, 1881. " But there is one feature about the figures of these perverted Meteorological details which cannot escape attention. It is a very serious feature for sellers and buyers of Railway and Land scrip in the North-West Territory. " They all tend to misleadingly magnify and unduly extol the advantages of the olimatc of the North- West Territories, and to depreciate in comparison the climate of the more easter.'i ""Hions of the Dominion, and they compel the conflualon that all the statements o lie ciiv-hitan who manufactured them are Mnwortll^ of belief and made for a purpoi "> •• It may be urged with soino degree of plaisibillty that the fitness of certain kinds of land for agricultural purposes is a matter of op'iiion, but there can be no doubt what- ever respecting the object of fraudulent altaratious of Meteorological Records, &c., &c." Ibid. iian r \i Koturns (In.siyntHl to show th« rdiitivo Import Trade botweeu the United Kingdom and Canada on tlio, one liand, and the United Kingdom and the United States on the other hand. I only anti- cipate hy a very brief period the development of the whole mutter, which must soon be brought before yon in connection with its Out- come — The dkmand for common rights in the British Xorth American Fisheries. Tlie Ante Treaty stivtus will be the frnit of the work of Sir J. A. Macdonald, Sir Stalford 11. Northcot*? and the Karl of Kiniberley in 1871. (See A)ii)endix No. lY.) This is the statement in the "C'olonista' Handbook" : — "6. Trade. — The following figures show the iu.ports aixt exports for "the fiscal year ciidiiig June :W, 1880. and also the value of the export* ''to, and imports from, the United Kingdom during the same pi'Hod, Value of Import", f 8(l,48!»,747 Valuuof Kxpiiit*. wr,«i 1,468 KxporlH to tlio United Klnffilom, 46.HU,I.26 ImportM from the United Kingdom, :{4,48l,2..'4 "An examination of these figures, compared with those of the United "States, shews that the imports of Canada from Great Britain, in pro- "portlon to the population, represent 388. per head as against 7s. per "head in the United States." But here is a similar stivteiuent in the Colonial Office Pamphlet^ with diff'erent figures and the same conclusions. "The following figures show the imports and exports for the fiscal "year ending June JJOth, 1879, and also the value of the exports to, and "impoits from, the United Kingdtmi during the same period. Value of Imports, $K0,34I,«0« Value of Ksi)ort», 71,4t»l,256 Kzporta to (he United Kingdom, 36.267,110 Imports from the United KinKdom, .'iO,967.860 "An examination of these figures, compared with those of the United "States, shows that the imports of Canada from Great Britain, in pro- "portion to the population, represent ;J8s. per head, as against 7s. per "head in the United States." The intending emigrant has to take a good deal for granted in endeavouring to .follow the reasoning in this paragraph ; and in tlie Colonial Office Pamphlet the same bewildering conclusion is drawn from widely different figures. From tliese two statements, if true, it is clear that the population of Canada since the census of 1871 must have increased about one- ninth from June 30th, 1879, to June 30th, 1880, or more than one-half the total increase from 1871 to 1881, according to the figures given on page 1 1 of the Colonists' Handbook. This is neither probable, nor in accordance with fact ; but it is a legitimate deduc- tion from Sir A. T. Gait's figures. !• propose to show to your Grace the real character of what you have to take for granted, when pre- sented with Trade Statistics by Sir Alex. Gait and his allies. I am led more particularly to do this now because the diplomacy which involved forgery and perjury at the Fisheries Contention at Halifax, in 1877, is not only already bearing bitter fruit, as exem- plified in my letter to Earl Gi-anville, (Appendix IV.) but the mat- ter has been again recently revived in a new and unexpected form by one of the parties to that vast imposition — the Hon. Peter Mitchell. This statesman publicly declared a few days ago (20) that he was fiOJ See Keportof the Hon. Peter Mltciicll's speech published in the New Brunii- wick Advocate, also in the St. John, N. B. Sun of June 20th, 1882, also in the Chignec> lo Po$t, Jane 22nd, 1882. ' I \ OO. noinlwatiMl hy Sir. J. A. Macilonalil'.i Governinent, in 1873, to the poHition of Ikitiwh ( 'oiumissiom'r at the cont'Muplntod Ilalifux Fish- orit'rt Coutt'iition, and tliat the Imperial (iovernnieut api)roved of the nomination ; alwu, that it was the upsetting of 8ir J. A. Mac- ^lonahl'rt tioveinnient that year which led to 8ir Alexander Gait taking the place of Aihitrator which Mr. Peter Mitchell was to have occujtied. Now, according to the statement of Sir A. J. ♦Smith in parliament, certain Kxhihits as provided for the Treaty of Wasliington, were produced before the Halifax Commiasion. But these exhibits are known to be forgeries. Therefore, Mr. Peter Mitchell accepted a position as Judge in an International Arbitra- tion Case, for which, aw Minister of Marine and Fisheries, he had previously connived at the preparation of falsified Exhibits, to be subsequently presented to himself for his judgment according to justice and equity in a grave international matter. (21) There is no escape from this conclusion. It is frightful, but coming from the lips of the transgressor it acquires double force. Mr, Mitchell is reported to refer to me by name in his recent speech, therefore he will not be surprised at the sudden and i)ractical turn matters are taking in relation to his reputation, or at the forcible withdrawal of mask after mask from the faces of himself and some of his former colleagues. In August, 1878, your Grace, in common with every other mem- ber of the House of Lords and of the House of Commons, was pre- sented with a Document entitled "Correspondence respecting the Halifax Fisheries Commission," and another Document entitled "Eecord of the Proceedings of the Halifax Fisheries Commission." On pages 41 7 to 420 of tlie first named Document, and pages 433 to 436 of the last named, your Grace will find a large number of Canadian statistical statements designed to illustrate and confirm "Two Questions of yital importance in this ] nquiry." Your Grace will regret to learn that all the figures thus present- ed to you on these pages had been previously falsified enormously before use. They were subsequently sworn to in the presence of those who, using them, knew that they were falsified and that per- jury was being committed. These falsified and perjured statistics were subsequently presented to your Grace, together with your rev- erend colleagues, as if true, and the gains they succeeded in win- ning were triumphed over and retained. This is a dreadful condition of things, yet it is incontrovertible. It is known to Her Majesty's Government (22) and to the Grovern- ment of the United States. But there are worse features in this matter than these ; they are partly indicated in the accompanying letter addressed by me to the Et. Hon. Earl Granville, (App. IV.) to which letter I beg respectfully to call your Grace's attention in Cil) See my printed letter to RarU Granville and Kimberley, dated Auk< 3nd, 1881, in which a synopsis is given of the Proceedings at Boston in June, 1S81, where a por- tion of the proofs of the grotisest fraud wer« exhibited to gentlemen 8,- lomiujy which rivals the novel and soiuewliat stiiitliiif,' metho234 $ 78,597 778,672 3791.152 393.772 '35-234 $ 666,303 1,003 5.543 Total $4,504,578 $5,177-427 $672,849 With the key number 79750, which plays an important part in the manufacture of Canadian Trade Returns, as described in my letter to y our Excellency dated Feb. 7. 1881, it is easy to find out the different (•2ZJ III partlC'ilar illuetration of this apecies of turpitude nee Mr. CummlBsioner Whitclier's letter to tlie Toronto -'Olobe/' dated .lune 5th, 1880— and the answer I ad- dresried to HU Kxcellency the Governor General, entitled -'Falsifled Departmental Reports," dated VTIndcor, Nova Scotia, Nov. 2:1, 1S80, and republished ia Congres- sional papers for January 7, 1881. f2ij See Appendix No. V (25) See also Conloi>ol Oi'uni«," tlnui the I)ominion 8urveyor General. Colonel Dfonii*' lithograplied map referred to, states in boldlettei-s over a >'pst. »vp^» *,hat 176,910,- 000 acres ha\'e been "I^roved to be admirahlu adajjfnJ. to the (jruwth vf cerea/ii t'ttpccial/j/ Wheat." My evidence referred to this map prepared by Colonel Dennis, which I subsequently ascertained to be altogether untruthful and niisleidiug. I give below a part of my explanation of this disreputabln method of "quotation" in the letter to the Earl of Kimberley referred to above. " Turning oue'day to the Pacific Railway Report for 1878, I discovered an extract from my ** Navigation of Hudson's Bay." introduced in such a form on page 10«, tliat it appeared as if I was the authority for stating that *• Port Nelson, moreover, is about tlie same distance from the edge of a vast fertile region in the North-West, exceeding two hundred million of acres ill area, as Quebec is from Toronto." This extract is introduced without the limiting condition stated in the evidence (page 157) that " the argument contained in this paper with regard to this section, has a special reference to the lower map prepared by the Dominion Lands Office." (1.) This method of quotation is sim- ilai to making a statement on biblical authority, that " There is no God," by leaving out the limiting condition, " The fool hath said in hi« heart." (2.) In my letter to the same responsible (/olnnial Minister dated Nov. 5th, 1881, I formally repudiated all connection with the de- lusion respecting the 200,000,000 acrfw of Fertile Land in the North West Territories, in the foUov ing words, having previously, under date May 27th, 1881, called official attention to that fallacy. While I gladly point to the !ncoutestible proofs, now patent to all, of the accuracy of my statements in 18')7 and 1858, (30) respecting the wonderful fertility and climiitic adaption to cereal growth, of a large por- tion of Manitoba, and a comparatively narrow zone extending north- westerly, at the same time I repudiate entirely all the deductions drawn in the 'Navigation ok Hudsox Bay' as far as relates to the existence of 2W,000,0O) acres of Good land in the North West Territories, as defined by the untruthful and misleading maps on which the statement was based. I earnestly protest against the continued wide publication under Government authority of the deductions based on these fallacious ujaps, hi so far as they favor the idea of good soil throughout the area referred to. The direct and recent usufructuary of Colonel Dennis" Dominiou Lands Map of 1878 is noticed in the margin. The use of this map under the circuHistances is a very grave matter. I accepted the maps submitted to me in good faith, never dreaming fl.) On page 27 of the so called " Colonel Deimln' Pamphlet"— I say '• The argument contained in this paper with regard to thia teoMon ka* a tpecial rrf^nnte to the loieer map prepared bv the Dominion Landu Office- The yeUmo belt »hmoa the very large area of oultfvable and partly wooded land, which extendi from Manitoba to about the head waters of iho Fouce Kiver, covering iiu area of 200,000,000 acres ; every portion, »o fur a» known, U suitable for settlement." All the details of Colonel DennU' Dominion Lands Llap ot 1878, were reproduced by a Member of the House of the Commons on the floor of the House during last Ses- sion, us If iiiUb.. See 'i/a»Ma>(i'— 10th January 1S81. This is an illuatrutiou of usi FKtICT. (^.) The date of the Report of the Parliamentary Committee from which ibis ml^- Ioat have abstracted n garbled part (if my eviJpn:e from the documents belonging to a i'Hrllamentary Committee before Its report was presented, or even written by th« Ciiuirman, and inserted it in another pAr>iameutary paper at an earlier date than tlH* authority it mUleadingly quotes."— BrtrnW from a printed letter by Mr. Hind to the Ht. Hon. the Earl <■/ E imberltn/, datedNov. 6, 1S81. (30) Reports on the Assinneboine and Saskatchewan Exploring Expedition— 1838 also— Imperial Blue Book— with nwpof the Fertile Belt— 1800— also Narrative of the Canadian Exploring Expeditions,- Longmans, London 1860. Vol. I. and II. M SO, that such authorized and official productions could be born ofmfsrepre- sentation or lncompetency,and being besides assured by (Jolonel Denniff that they were the result of the Canadian Pacific Railwuy Survpyi>.which the title on Mr. Mareus Smith's large map confirmed as far as iM title went. And I repvidiate all connection with, or belief in, the Red words- traced on the map which accompanies my evid^^nce on the "Navkja- TION OF Hudson'* Bay," sometimes deludingly styled "Colonel Dennis' Pamphlet," extending from Iatitude60 to Manitoba — and appearing as : "Vast Region of Excellknt Fjibmiwo Land." Notwithstanding the references to official proofs, the saiae state- ment respecting the 200,000,000 acres of "Fertile Laud which are now awaiting settlement" was introduced into the t-'olonists' Hand- took' in 1882, as if it were true. '.' ■.■.', n. ORlOrN OF THE STATEMENT THAT THE "S'JMMER MEAN TEMPERATURE OF MANITOBA IS 67 DEGREES 76 TENTHS, WHICH 18 ABOUT THE SAME AS THAT OF NEW YORK." ! Your Grace will also observe that there is remarkable uniformity in the statement made respecting the mean summer temperature of Red River and the Province of Manitoba in the works issued by the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa, and the Canadian Pacifie Railway Company (1). Nearly all of them put the mean summei*^ temperature at 67*^76. Some publications give the figures for the months June, July and August, and then the mean, thus : — Red River. June. .69.10 July- 71.16 August. 68.03 Summer Mean. 67.76 Many hundred thousand copies of this statement have been cir- culated by the Department of Agriculture ; it is taken as the basis of comparison with other Provinces, and also States of the United States.(31) It is also made the theoretical foundation of the climatic adaptability of Manitoba for agriculture. Now, who is the authority for this statement 1 It is utterly untrue, and yet, being so coa- stantly repeated by the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa, in the face of annual official returns, there must be an authority for the figure^. 1 f d made to appear as the authority, and under these cir- cumstances. You will find in my report on the Red River Settlement ipublished by the Imperial House of Commons in 1859, on page 128, the identical figures (with one exception which has been- altered) quoted in 1881 by the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa. (32) The table, as stated in my "Narrative of the Canadian Exploring (1.) On tbo «h«ct embracing the large Map of the Canadran PacUlc Railway issued by 81r John Rose ot Barmolomew House, London, early in 1882, the following statement is made. " The Grain Garden of the Olobe— Manitoba— Ollaiate. The 8Um- mer mean is 67 o 7n. which Is about the 8ame ae that of the State of New York. The KeaD WiD.er temperature is almost precisely the same na that of St. Paul and Mon- tnaL" fSU Bee page 78 of*' A Hand Book for Emigrants."— The trae unreduced tiKurea given In my report for 1868 are, June, .... 09.10 July, .... 71.16 Aug «3.08 Summer 6T.76 (32. > Vide—Papers relatiTe to the Exploration of the Country between Lake Superior and the Red Rlrer BeiUement ; presented June 1899. '-.', Expeditions" on page 365, Vol. II., was prepared for me T:)y Mr, James Walker, assistant at the Observatory, Torouto,to whom I had transferred the observei's notes (Mr. Donald Gunn, of lied Eiver Settlement,) for reduction and comparison. The table was printed with the report during my alxsence on the Assinniboine and Sas- katchewan Exploring Expedition. In ray report on this Expedition, presented to the Imperial House of Commons in 1860, your Grace will find the same table reproduced on page 138, with the caution that "the T"<«ults of one years' comparison are not of much value in estimating the relative climatic adaptation of regions far apart." In my Narrative published by Longmans in 1860 I again reproduced the table on page 367, Vol. II. with an additional caution in italics that "the results of one years' comparison are. not of much value in estimating the relative climatic adaptation of regions far apart ; ror do they aiford sufficient data for a fair estimate of the climate of '-he locality where the obsei-vations were made." In 1860, after my re- port on the Assinniboine and Saskatchewan had baen laid bf fore the Imperial House of Commons, and after the publication of the Narrative, I was informed that the Meteorc' jgical observatioas of Mr. Donald Gunn, published by me and supposed to have bean re- duced by Mr. James Walker of the Toronto Observtdry, hud tiot been reduced but merely compared with reduced Toronto data. This was pointed out officially by Captain Blakiston, and Avill bf. found in his Report commencing page 29 of "Furthur papers relative to the Exploration of British North America under Capt. I'alliser — 1860," Capt. Blakiston had the data properly reduced and tht summer mean restored to its true value, 64°, instead of 67.76. Again, the same data presented to me by Mr.Donald Gunr for 1855- 56, were sent to the Smithsonian Institution at Washinj.ton, with the observations up to September, 1861, thus including 4 years and 4 months. These observations were properly reduced, aid recorded on page 4 of "Resulting Mean Temperature" in Vol. XXI. of the "Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" as officially developed by Charles A. Schott, Assistant, United States Coast Survey, &c., &c., published 1876. These are the Reduced Means of the Smithsonian Institution as compared with the unreduced and erroneous temperatures of 1855 and 56 so persistently published by the Department of Agriculture of Ottawa, notwithstanding the existence of Dominion Records at Toronto, which utterly disprove the statement and conclusions ad- vanced by the Department of Agriculture, June. July. August. Reduced Mean 62.82 67. 50 64.62 Dep. of Agri. Mean...69 10 71.16 68.03 Difference 6.28 ^.66 3.41 Slimmer Mean. 64.95 67.76 2.81 The Department of Agriculture's figures for August have been magnified from 63.03 to 68.03, and the addition of the details shows they will not produce the Mean 67.78. But the Department of Agriculture has gone further still. Instead of limiting the unre- duced Means to one station where they were taken, the author of the Departmental Pamphlet actually alters the station to that of if.2» Manitoba, aiiu snyrf lu the edition for 1881 — "Tlie climate of ^lani- toba gives coi.aitiojQri ol" aecidcrl warmth in summer and flecided cold in winter. Tn« summer I^lean is 67"7fi, which is about th<^ same as that of the ^7( of New York" (33) In 1882, Mr. George Stephen extends this false .summer mean of one station at Red River, (unwittingly first publislicd in my Red River Report in 1858,) so that it covei's a Province 120,000 square miles in area — or as large as the United Kingdom of Great liritain ind Ireland. ■ 'v-- •-',• ,■ • • v '" ' ' ' It is in this disgraceful manner that fallacious im];)ression8 re- specting the climate of the Province of Manitoba are created under the authority of the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa, and cir- culated far and wide througliout tlie United Kingdom for the in- formation of the people and the benefit of 8|)eculators in I^and and Railway enterprises. The Department does not heed remonstrances, it takes no note of untruth. If the figures or the conclusions possess "money value" they are persisted in, they become ''official" and are received as such. Should a private citizen do this sort of thing in the business transactions of every-day life, he would not only be responsible for the injury he might create, but liable to punishment for misdeme&nov or crime. As a general fact it may be stated that all the leading figures purporting to represent the cliniate of Manitoba and tlie Xorth West Territories published by the Department of Agriculture, by Pro^- fessor Macoun, Mr. Consul Taylor, Sir Alexander Gait, the Colo- nial Office, the Colonists' Handbook, &c., &c., have been selected from unreduced data, or altered or changed in such a manner as to produce coloured and entirely misleading impressions. This has been done in the face of the published results of a splendid Meteorological Service supported by the Government, at everyone's disposal, and capable of supplying correct information. The act is consecpiently fraudulent. III. ! • • . *, ■ OBJECT OP TWO DIFFERENT REPRESENTATIONS OF THE BOUNDARIES OK :■ .' ; V : QUEBEC ON DIFFERENT GOVERNMENT MAPS. !.v. Il Any person examining the maps of British North America already referred to as published by the Department of Agriculture and the Department of the Interior at Ottawa, (34) must be stnick with the difference between the delineations of the Boundaries of the Pro- vince of Quebec in the Labrador Peninsula. The geographical fea- tures not only differ, but both are widely incorrect. '■ (33.) See page 6 of " The Province of Manitoba and North-Wpst Territory— Infor- mation for intending Emiefrants" Fifth Kdltlon—Published by the Departmeni of Agriculture of the GK>Ternnient of Canada. Al80 Map acd descriptive account of Manitoba publisiied by the Canadian Pacific Railwav Company, 18S2. See also my letter to tht Rt. Hon. the F:iirl of Kimberley, dated Nov. 27, 1881. Thin letter expose* the Meteorological Falslflcations of ProfesBor Macoun. I|notice Colonel Dennis' Meteorological absurdities In a printed Iftter addreHKcd to Lord Kinit>erley, dftted Nov. 5, 1881. Also oUier Important Meteorological fulsiflcations in the worlcs published by the Department of Agriculture in a letter addressed to the Editor of the Nottlugham Daily Gnardian, dated April 12tb, 1882. Kc'fereuco to maps published in England and School Map.s in Canada (35) will sliow a very diifei-ent delineation of the Hamilton or Ashwanipi River to what is found in the Canadian riovernment maps. In the majts mentioned in the foot note the Hamilton or Ashwanijn River is re))re.sented in accordance with the result of my explorations in 1861 as given in Vol. IT. of "Explorations in the Interior of the Labrador Peninsula" — Longmans 1863. Since that map was i)ublished the well known Jesuit Missionary, Pere Arnaud, has passed down th(^ Hamilton river from its source near the head waters of the ^loisio to Hamilton Inlet, as I was inform- ed atRigolette (Hamilton Inlet) in 1876 by the Hudson Bay Com- pany's officer in charge of that Port. In the year 1878 being at Ottawa, I inquired at the office of the Dominion Lands Survey wliy the Hamilton River was not intro- duced into the Government ma})s, although it was constantly fre- qtiented for several hundred miles above Rigolette by the employees of the Hudson P»ay (Company. The answer was characteristic of that UepartmeiiL, and was to the effect that it was not the policy of the Government to introduce the Hamilton River on account of im- pending questions connected with the boundaries of the Province of Quebec. It will be observed that the "Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge" is supplied with information respecting the "Wheat Area" of the North- West Territories largely derived from alleged old Hudson Bay records, and yet, in an important point relating to the known existence of a very large river pursuing a course across the misrepresented valleys of immaginary rivers in the labrador Peninsula, a fiction is resorted to in order to keep open a question having local ])olitical bearings. To support this fiction two official maps purporting to re])re8ent the same country are produced by the same authority with entirely different delineations of great river courses, and different Provincial Boundaries. The result* of geo- graphical experience are ignored in order to serve a political object, and this is also tlie case with the representation of the "Wheat Ai"ea," and the climate of the North- West Territories. U'. .<;,-;[,,- IV. I'jU.a;!.) -.U ' 1, •■•■i^'J '(•,11 i\» ,■> ,^^ THE FRAUDULENT TRADE STATISTICS. : My personal relation to the Fraudulent Trade Statistics is amply illustrated in the correspondence given in the Appendix, particu- larly in the letter to the Rt, Hon. Earl Granville. This subject is one of such overwhelming magnitude that I shall content myself for the present with a reference to the correspond- ence given in the Appendix. But the interests of the Maritime Provinces of the Dominion of Canada demand that this matter be (34 ) Compare Map pubUKlicI in Cnlonfut'" Handbnok with Map published by order of the Hod. Minister of the Interior in the •• Kcportu of the Tenant Farmere Delegates on the Dominion of Canada" Edition 18SI. (35 ) Araonjf the works at liand f may mention "The Students .\tlas," William ColU- « , Sons A Co., London. GlasKow and Kdinbursrh,— Silver's Handbook to Canada— Map coastructed by W. J. Turner ;— Culkin'a Scliool (ieograpby, Halifax, X. S., Sec, fcc. scu8s<3(l, seize tlie oppor- iiiouey out of equally brought prominently before the public in all its bearings before diplomatic negociations relating to tlie Ante Turaty status of the Fislieries are commenced. The rights of Provinces and the main- tenance of good neighbourhood can not b -ed away or jeo- pardized to save the reputations of ludf a ^-oliticians and their hangers on, who, under cover of tlie v" rocal delinquencies the Fishery Frauds entail, and tlie pr questions and interests these delinquencies involve if publ. tunity to turn public attention to mak.^.g gross misrepresentations of the "Great North- West." While this condition of "Society" portrays the existence of a very loose code of morality and honour prevailing among certain limited circles, it encourages those who have faith in justice and truth to gird their armor on, and strive for the right. The contrast presented by the Legislatures of the Maritime Pro- vinces of Canada and those of the State of Maine, the State of Massachusetts and the Congress of the United States is very signi- ficant. The Legislatures of the Maritime Provinces have discussed and in some instances passed resolutions demanding a share of the Fishery Award from the Dominion Covernment, which that Gov- ernment refuses to give. Tliey entirely ignore the action of the United States Legislatures relating to the same matter in another and totally different aspect, having before them the Ante, Treat ij status as a consequence of Fraud. \\'hen the Maritime Provinces underetand that the Ante Tfeafi/ status is claimed as the result of malfeasance on the part of certiiin members of the Dominion Gov- ernment, it is probable that their voices will be heard in the cause of justice and the alienation or bartering of their best interests, with no uncertain sound. i, ,r • V. ; THE "fertile belt." The extent and character of the "Fertile Eelt" is the one great factor in the Land and Kailway speculations the Colonists' Hand- book is designed to promote by means of spurious official informa- tion. The representations which have been put forward from time to time respecting this physical feature of the Korth-West Terri- tories of Canada are of a most extraordinary and pertinent char- acter. Largely through the courtesy and patriotism of a present mem- ber of Her Majesty's Government, Ixivd Carlingford, it was permit- ted to me to present and designate in 1860, when Lord Carlingford was Under Secretary for the Colonies, (Mr. Chichester-Fortescue), the first outlines of the cultivable area in the North- West Territo- ries. These, as then known, I delineated on a map which is pub- lished in the Imperial Blue Book embodying my report on the As- sinneboine and Saskatchewan Exploring F^xpedition. The title of this map is, — ^''' . "Map of the country from Lake Superior to the Pacific Ocean, showing the Western Boundary of Canada and the East- eruBoundary of British Columbia, also the F'ertile Belt ^6, stretching from tlie Liike of the Woods to the IJocky Mountains." It is unnecessary to say that 8ul>8eUrotf8 .o^tf^oIoJl* ISO Mv . ; >ii} o} '^Mpuarff moil xirn; j From this contraat your Grace will see that not the slightest at- tention is paid by the Hon. Minister of Agriculture to the extent of the area to which his representations are made to apply. A de- scription written ten years ago and originally, intended to cover 9,- 000,000 acres of land, is extended without comment or the slight- est note of warning so ^s to include 76,000,000 acres of so called < land.' Similarly, an err oneous meteorological deduction, original- (37.) Dominion of CanaUa—'^Informatioo foi iutendiog Bmigrants"— Ottawa, Depart* meiit ot Agriculture 1872. •' Thf /oWnoinp is the sub»tance of infotmatian on th« aubjtr* ^f Emipration, prepared by the Hon MiiiMter of AaricuUnreC J. H- PoPe) for the Rt- Hon- the Stcreian; of Statt for the Colonies." > . ; 1 is. \ \ i ly intended to represent the mean temperature of one atation, ik Htretched to cover a large Province. If these facts were not peraist- ently retained in form before our eyeH,it would be difficult to tind a man, not cognizant with the ways of certain politicians or specula- tors, to believe that such looseness and trickery could exist in a civilized country and be actually carried out by its Government. No perhon ^-ith a proper sense of self respect, can submit to this imposition, or, knowing its turpitude ami peneti-ating its object, give it countenance and call himself an honest man. OltiaiN OF THE STATEMENTS MADE BY TRAVELLERS AND VISITORS TO MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES. i:: Should any conscientious person attempt to trace the origin of the impressions and statements so largely spi-ead abroad respecting the climate and soil of the immaginary 200,000,000 acres of fertile land now awaiting settlement, and its alleged suitability for Wheat Cultivation, he will arrive at something like the following conclu- sions. It is based on the unsupported declarations of such men as Mr. Malcolm McLeod, Professor Macoun, 8ir Alexander Gait, Colonel Dennis, Alexander Begg and others. The statements of these phy- sicists are repeated by interested officials in authority, without the slightest reference to reports and evidences to the contrary prepar-j ed by competent and reliable observers or really scientific men. The favourable romances possessing "Money Value" arc published, heralded and widely distributed under the authority of the Cana- dian Government and the Can. Pac. K. Company, with all the vast machinery at their disposal in Canada and the United Kingdom. In some instances maps are manufactured to suit the statements thus made. These fallacious "reports" and conclusions are placed in the hands of travellers, "Tenant Farmers," "Delegates" and visitors to Mani- toba and the North- West, particular attention being paid to those whose future sayings will have "Money Value." These travelleis, delegates, &c., enter a favourable corner of the immense territory, and they have time and opportunity to see as much of it, as any one visiting England and journeying through Cornwall and Devonshire only, would see of Northumberland or the other parts of the Island; or as any one visiting the Laramie Plains, would see of Kansas, Texas or Colorado. Should they tiav«I hurridly through the vast country from Winnipeg to the Rocky Mountains, some eight hun- dred miles, like the Marquis of Lome, they would learn from per- sonal okieKvation as muoh of the great area which lies to the south and to the nottb of their line of route, as any one wandering from Bnghton to Edinbuxgh on the track of the Midland Hailway or the oJd turnpike road, wotthl gather respecting the physical features of tb« £«Btezn Couafeiea or oi Wales. They> luiTO te take for granivd ail that is told (37) them respecting Inied extract front one of a SeriMof 'rovliMM In 1676» ((n t'de oountty aur- lai^MMli, that-wiMm air/ ^tSfUtn m- «a*«itoarf*MTjHi(A «nieMrwM| ftM^ i\re«t of Ara«riea hf Mgr. Taebe, Bishop of St. Bonlfkte— n 3/. value" of the opinion of the Archhishoj) is not great in tlic eyes of speciilatois, but thei'e can be very little doubt in the minds of con> potent and conscici^tious ciitics that the Archbishop has correctly stated facts known to him, and that his conclusions are just. It has been u mutter of regret to me that when I sent 16 r'.['j''dinal Manning co}iies of my letters to the Lord Mayor of London (Aj)- l)endix IL) I had not Archbishop Tache's work Avith me in Eng- land to add force to my statements. His Eminence would have liad the opportunity to contrast the recorded and published experience of a Well-known, highly cultured, and most energetic Missionavy and ]^ishop of his own branch of the Church, with the fabricated monstrosities and deceptions ^ money mongccing men. The Archbishoj) sums up the whole niattor in the following words* • < tl».4 lu vijiJiij •ini.m •i\ii .'e*t Jii'i a ♦'^ "At til'' ,isl- nf njyiearinr/ fo he imfedsandhfy retroritad'e, 1 dare positively ajjirm that not more than one-half of the area of the 2'ji'aii'if^ icithin the limits I have ascriheuto it, or wiihin the rcyion usnalhi called the Fertile Belt of the Nortliern Departmevt, is Jit for settlement, and that this half lias not all the advan- tai/es attrihuted to it." The vastness of the misery which is looming ahead and the crim<^R which are required to sustain the conspirators in their position,may be gathered from what has been written and the following imperfect and incomplete statement of the interests already involved. K North West Territory Land and IJailway Companies, v^: ■ . . ' ■ ■ I. ■ (jf,,!t ." • iq The Castadian Pacific Railway Oompaxy. " ' " Acres. Land cranted and to l)e selected by thcHi.free from taxation. 25,000,000. TiiK IIuDsoN Bay Company. — Land granted to them by deed of surrender and free from exceptional taxation. 7,000,000. liand granted about their po^ts and stations throughout the country. 45,160. ColonizationCompanibs, applied for up to 18th April, 1882. 23,856,680. Lands allotted to settlers and otherb. , , . - ,,; 6,626,674. Total up to 18th April 1882- IL 62,427,414. Railways other than th-« Canadian Pacific. 1. The South Western Railway Company, rf., qi. .f>..4Vt,.> -.nivfa fT ' 2. The Westbournj and North Western R. C; ' •'^'« * '- ''^ "^ 3. The South Saskatchewan R. C. '^'^**, 'f »?-^^" 4. The Souris and Rocky Mountain R. C. In most cases 3640 acres per mile. 5. Two lines of Railway projected from Winnipeg to Hudson's Bay, a distance of 600 miles. 6* Projected lines to Peace Klver. V' III. Indian Reservations. Large areas in different parts of the "Fertile Belt" set aside for the numerous Indian Tribes. One square mile for ever family of five persons. l\X.. ta-f. iii taim 52. IV. City and '• Town" Lots. Innumerable "lots" in paper cities and towns in Manitoba and the North- West, which have been disposed of at Auction in most of the cities and towns in the older Provinces of Canada. All thia Land and Railway speculation is carried on in, or relates to a country falsely alleged to be marvellously fertile over an iirea larger than the combined surface of the Empire of Germany and the Kingdom of Italy, and n6t yet possessing a civilized population exceeding that of a third rate town in England, and with resources 80 undeveloped or charity so defotmed, that its authorities or citizens feed the poor, defenceless refugee Jews on — PORK. We must contrast this statement of lands already granted and allotted with the fact that when Archbishop Tache wrote his Book in 1868, the "Fertile Belt" was supposed to comprehend not moi-e than from 80,000 to 100,000 square miles of surface. The Arch- bishop considered that the whole Prairie Fertile Belt did not exceed 60,000 square miles in area. Let us take the larger number. One hnndred thousand square miles is 64,000,000 acres. The half of this area, which the Archbishop from much personal obser- vation and experience at all seasons then considered tit for settle- ment, is 32,000,000 acres, or exactly equal to the area already as- signed to the Syndicate of the Canadian Pacific liailway and the Hudson Bay Company together. But the Syndicate have the power to select or choose their lands, rejecting any area unfit for settle- ment. Therefore, what hope is there for the Colonization Com- panies with their 23,856,680 acres of land, if Archbishop's Tach6's c-xperience and estimate be even approximately correct. It is proper to add that the Archbishop considers that the Forest (!!!ountry contains a large area of cultivable land, especially on the borders of average sized Lakes, where cereals may be grown success- fully, and without danger from summer frosts, which render their cul- livHtian precarious at a distance from water. The Archbishop says ^hat ''more cultivable land will be found in the Forest region than has been lost from the prairie." He includes the valley of Rainy River. • ' "; ' '' '" '<^i THE HVIDSNCfi OF THE DOMINION TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYORS IN THE U .•'r«'^'«K' SESSIONAL PAPERS. (i.svf .v^'« .V K ' >' In order further to show your Grace that I am not in the least degree exa^erating when I state that careful reference to the Ses- sional Papers, deposited ostensibly fur that purpose in Liverpool and London, will aflbrd ample proof that reliable information ex- ists in scattered reports throughout those papers entirely disproving the broad generalizations of Mr. George Stephen, Sir Alexander Galt,&c., I will point out a few of these documents and cite the njports of men who have visited and officially reported on the country so falsely deacribed. For the sake of brevity and concise- ness I will divide this sketch of the character of the evidence into four parts. wmr^' 5S, SECTION I. — On the Main Located Line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. " //. — On the old projected Line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. " ///. — North of the Main Saskatchewan and the Peace River Country from Lake Athabaska to the Mountain)!. " JV. — The country North, North- West and North-East of the City of Winnipeg receiitly added to the Province of Maniioha. SECTION I. ON THE MAIN LOCATED LINE OF THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY. I take the printed map (which was procured for me at Bar- tholomew House last April), issued by the Canadian Pacific Rail- way Company, showing the location of the Main Line of the Rail- way westward. Here 1 may remark that no reliance whatever is to be placed upon the Geographical featui-es of the country west o^ Moose Mountain published by the Canadian Pacific Itailway Oom- pauy on this Official Map. Some of the longitudes are wrong, in instances by as much as 65 miles ; the latitudes are incorrect and the delineations of some of the rivers altogether faJise. Rivers are delineated where there are no rivers, and where it was ot&jially known no rivers existed at the time the map was made.. . \ i. •■ .-J r39'j Page 49— Sessional Papers No. S~Belng Ueport of the Departinont of ihe Inte- rlcr- S!f J". A. Maodonald, Mlnlnter of the Interior. See the year 1880. ' • (W) Pag« 63— Sessional Papers No. 3— tor the year 1880. . vyi Mk ^*Wij*ii t>.i 55, NO. III. Kxtrnd/roih the Report of Mr. A. P. Patrick, D. T. S. (41) (The desoriptii)ri rt)m»i»'nces at a point nortli of the Cjrpreas Hills and undtn- them.) "To the .south of tiu* roiid and under the face of the hilla, the pasturage continues to be good, hut to the north the country is dry and barren. At the terniination of thi.s distance I struck a creek, the banks of which were well wooded. Nine miles further on I crossed another creek, the banks of which were also well wooded and the soil to the north still barren, but to the south and under the mountains pasturage is good. "Maple Kavine ('reek : the timber along its banks to ail appear- ance is good ; the soil of this section ha* the same characteristics an that previously passed ; good pasturage to the south, but barren and alkaline to the north. "Throughout the next fifty-four miles the soil grows poorer both to the north and south. After passing this fifty-four miles I struck a creek called "Swift Current;" In this section I found the soil barren and alkaline and no wood near the trail, but under the mountain small dumps of Douglas pine loomed up in the distance. "For the next tifty-two miles the country continued the same in character, barren and alkaline and destitute of wood. Here I struck the north end of "Old Wives Lake." Five miles further we dis- covered a mineral spring impregnated with iron, in a clump of brush ; at forty miles further on, making 206 miles from Fort Walsh, there is a small clump of woodland with some water, though the soil is still barren. Sixteen miles further on I struck the "Moose Jaw Bone Oeek." ' Such are the official descriptions given of the same tract of country by three Dominion Topographical Surveyors, w^ho traversed it in 1880. This region of country is to feed the Canadian Pacific Railway west of Moose Jaws Creek to the Rocky Mountains. It is grandly described by Mr. George Stephen, President of the Cana- dian Pacific Railway, as possessing a "soil uniformly deep and rich and fully equal to the best agricultural lands in any part of the United States." On another map circulated by Sir John Rose of Bartholomet^^ House, in 1882, the words "wheat, corn, bye, BABLEY, oats, vegetables, BTO. 200 MILLIONS OP ACRES AVAILABLE FOR SETTLEMENT" are printed in bold letters over a tract of country described by Messrs, Xing, Aldous and Patrick during their official K^uiveys in the language given in the foregoing extracts. But the faintest ef- fort of reason, and the least exercise of judgment arr lequired to pronounce the statement of Mr. George Stephen an atrocious in- vention, without the least groundwork for its audacious expression. •filj Page 114 -Bciwionftl Papers No. l4--for the fe*r 1880. 56. SUMMARY HY THE INiSPtX'TOK OF SURVEYS. Jli Bui there is a tar more serious matter cuunocted with Mr. George Stephen's recejit statements in his Official Memorandum, and the map issued by Sir John Kose. lu Sir J. A. Macdouald's Iieporta« Min- ister of the Interior for the year ending 1881, there is a very im- portiint summary by the inspector of Surveys, Mr. W. F. King, of Jiis own work hi 1880 and 1881. I shall only give a short extract from Mr. King's summary of one section, a line straight across the country froiu south to north for 98 miles, and across the tvack of the Canadian Pacific Kailway nearly under the llOtli meridian on the true iiutp, not on the lalse map of the Comi)any. The whole of this summary is well worth dudij, with a eurrecf map of the country. (42) The parts which 1 traversed and described in 185S may be compared with Mr. King's description. They will be found to agree ; and Mr. Stephen's "uniformly deep soil" to be an inven- tion. The Canadian P. li. have the right to pick out their lots, bat where are the lots to select on this route, and what is then left for the free grant emigrant. The section I quote from Mr. King, is- . section (n) from Cypress Hills to lied Deer Forks. "Leaving the Qu'Appelle trail at the Cap or Six-Mile ('oulee,, the Battleford trails runs north along the Cap for about three miles. After this it leaves the valley, and passing over a north-eastern spur of the hills, crosses several small creeks flowing ea^t into the wide depression south of the sand hills, and then rapidly descends the hills, falling 850 feet in 20 miles. "Twenty-four miles from the Qu'Appelle trail we cross a small creek flowing north-west, apparently out of the depression, but of quite insufficient sue to carry all the water flowing into the depres- sion. This creek flows northerly in a wide alkaline valley into Many Island I^ke ; the trail also runs along the middle of this valley. - "The soil is a sandy loam, with good pasture, until we enter this valley, in which tliore is much sage brush and cactus, with little grass. I "Eleven miles from the cros.sing of the creek the trail leaves the valley. Shortly afterwards a few small sand-hills are encountered ; after which comes a rolling and rising country. These hills run to the north-east and contain good pasture. There In venj little water, hoivever. >. ; • ■■,,,, ■ , .. ,, .;•.,. ,' "After many miles of undulating country we came to a level, sandy plain ; and eighty miles from the Qu'Appelle trail we struck lai-ge sand hills, which continue )out nine miles and then change to a sandy plain, the soil of which improves somewhat towards the Saskatchewan Valley, the edge of which is reached »even miles from the sand hills* "The total distance from the Qu'Appelle trail to the crossing of the river is about 98 miles. No wood h seen all the wai/ until the river 'is reached, and water is very scarce. (42.)In the abac-nce of other Mhdk the reader iD'ay coniult for Keopraphicai'detuilf) tho large Map published by the Dominion Lund-* Survey Department— March 18S0— and sold in London for 5 8. by Lett k Co., aear London Bridge. 67. Tlio Srt,skatch (^ij^y ^^^^^{ sandy soil is suitable for grazing ; I saw no |)art of the ctuntry en- tirely deficient of pasture." SECTION 111. .■ ( ^fOKTH OK TriE MAIN S.\SKATCHEW.\N AND THK HKA«!K KIVBR I'OU.NTBY FROM LAKE ATHAB.\SJCA TO THK M(. Bourgeois. 1 refer the reader to Mr. Simpson's picture of this " farming country." NO. II. ANALYSIS OF STATEMENTS NOW PUliLISHED UESPECTING THE PEACE RIVER COUNTRY. The accounts which are circulated by the Government of Canada respecting the Peace River couctry as a "Wheat Area" are so aston- ishing that I think them wortliy of special notice. From the fol- lowing analysis, which any one in London may] verify, some con- ception may be gathered of the value of Professor Macoun's de- scriptions of the North- West. First — Plot the "Wheat Area" which includes the Peace River country, given on page 16 of the "Colonist's Handbook" published in 1882. Second — Turn to Professor Macoun's description of the Peace River country published in the Dominion Government's "Hand- Book for Emigrants" and read on page 96 (Ed. 1881) the following precise accounts : — ' ' ' .' , ,. " Next comes the Peace River section extending along the Rocky Mountains from a little north of Jasper's House to Fort Liard, Lat. 61 N. ; and from the former point to the west end of Little Slave Lake ; thenc<3 to the Forks of the Athabasca, and down that River to Athabasca Lake, aud from thence to Fort Liard. The upper part of this immense area is principally prairie, extending on both sides of the Peace River. As we proceed to the north and east, the prairie gradually changes into a continuous poplar forest witli here and there a few spruces, indicating a wetter soil. The general chaiacter of this section is like that of Mani- toba west from Portage La Prarie to Pine Creek." (page 90.) " I consider nearly all the Peace River section to be well suited for raising cereals of all kinds, and at least two-thirds of it fit for wheat. The soil of this section is as good as any part of Manitoba, and the cli- mate, if anything, is milder." (page 100.) " All ray obnervatioiis tended to show that the whole Peace River country was just as capable of successful settlement as Manitoba. The soil seems to be richer — the country contains more wood ; there are no saline marshes or Lakes; the water is all good — there are no summer frosts — spring is just as early and winter sets in no sooner. The winter may be more severe ; but there is no certainty of this." (Date of evi* dence March 24, 1876. ) ( Page 101. ) Third — Turn to the Official Map publisjiod in the Report of the Engineer-in'-Clhiief of the Canadian Pacific Railway lor 1879 — THRj^p YEARS AFTER Ptofessor Mucoun's evidence had been published, and there, any one 'will find that the Chief Engineer delineates "No- thing Reliable Known" respecting the vast Peace River country ao precisely defippibed by Professor Ik^acoun in 1876. Fourth — ^p ^6 the Royal Geological Society, and inspect bjie large maps recently published by the (SeQlogical Survey of Canada , (42) R«pon to Hon. B. Dewdney—Indian OommiaHtoner. Ottuwa— page 137 of Fan I. in Sir John A. Macdonald's Report a* Superintendent General of Indian Affair* — MM, , , I i iif, I i ii entitled "-M;!]) of puit of Hritwh ('olunibiiiaud tlu! Nortli-WeBt Ter- ritory fi 0111 1 lie IVcilicOceiinIo Fort Ktliiiciiloii" to illustiafo tho KV- l.ort'l)y (;. M. JJawaoii, D. S., A. K'. S. M., F. (\. S., 1«7i)-H(). '!"h(!i'f'. t\w iiKniinu' will set^ that nothing in utill known about tlio vast country belweon tno Athal)asoiv and tlio Hoiith, sidfi of Poacn Kiver, dtdint-ated on sheet III. 'J'lie tracks of nportfd Lakes and llit'ir connecting rivers ))eing dotted in, witli the observation — '•( 'ountry rei)orted generally wooded and wilh many swanips. In- dians Inouglit in 12,000 Heaver skins I'loin district north of Lesser Sliive I^ike in 1H7j^. Fifth — Turn to the JJeport of the Chief Engineer for 1880 and on page 10 it is statc^d that on the })lateau of the portion of the Peace Kiver country examined in 187!) the explorers recorded 12 ilegrees and 14 degrees of frost on the 2l8t August, at [)oiuts 100 miles apart. This is described us a "Wheat Country," by Macoun. The extract from the Kepovt of the Chief Engineer of the C. 1*. Ii. for 1880 is as subjoined : — "The ovideuce^^.how.! that throughout the whole country explor- ed, summer frosts were experienced. The explorers spent the month of August in the Peace liiver district. The wheat patches around the Hudson Bay Forts, at tlie bottom of the valley at Hud- son's Hope and Dunvegan, were injured by Frost. On the plateau tliere was frost on three occasions in August ; on the 21st, at points a liundred miles apart, 12*^ and 14" of frost were recorded." (44) Search will be made in vain for any reliable information respect- ing the North Side of the Peace River country from Slave liiver to the sources of Hay Kiver. Nothing reliable is known about that region, although on a recent Government Map sold in London for r)s. I saw liutfalo Kiver, Swan Kiver, l)eers Kiver, C'an-iboo River, Boyer River, Iroquois River, all the way up to Battle River, plotted as if surveyed and known. Nothing reliable is known of these I'ivers or the country through which they are alleged to pass. On this same Government Map published in 1880 and sold in London, the Souris River on the skirts of the Grand Coteau de Missouri is represented as interlocking with Moose Jaws Creek, but in 1881 a Topographical Surveyor had to report to Sir. J. A. Macdonald that "It was perplexing not to find the Souris River at the foot of the Coteau as shown on the Map, nor any trace of it, where I had hoped 10 obtain a supply of wood and water." (45) Many will be the emigrants and many the investors who will discover to their coSi, that the maps and statements published by the Government of Ca- nada are similar to the Souris interlocking Avith Moose Jaws Creek, and they will be in the perplexed condition of the Dominion Topo- graphical Surveyor, looking for Wood and Water. Notwithstanding this available Official Knowledge it is triumph- antly recorded in the Canadian Government Pamphlet "What Farmei's Say," on page 10, that "Charters for no less than four great lines to tap the Peace River district have been already granted." Professor Macoun's description of what neither he nor any other (44.; Report of the Chief Engineer or the Canadian Paoiflo Railway, 1880, page 10. r45 J See Report of O. J. Klotz, Dominion Topographical Surreyer, on the Survey of the Third Ba ^e Line— Report of the Department of the Interior for 1881— page '^ , Ite mm person liixa seen and which has long been known to be falae, is pub- lished and distrilmted authoratively by luindredH of thousands of copies throuf,'iiout the United Kingdom ; and not because there is any truth in it, but because it possesses "Mgxey Value." SECTION IV. \ THE COUNTRY NORTH, NGRTH-WEHT AND Iv'0RTH-EA8T OF TUE CITY OP WINNIPEG, RECENTLY ADDED TO THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA. A vast extent of c .luntry to the North, North- East and North- West of the city of Winnii)eg and lying between the eastern edge of the Second Prairie Steppe and Lake Winnipeg, has recently been added to the Province of Manitoba. This wretched country is in- cluded in the 120,000 square miles of Land described in the ('olo- nists' Handbook, as possessing the "Soil of deep alluvial deposit of unsurpassed riclmess, (\i:c." Here is the official description given to tiie Kt. Hon. Sir J. A. Macdonald, under date Dec. 22nd, 1881, of a large portion of this 120,000 square miles of unsurpassed soil. The description will befound in an (Jfficial lieport by W. A. Aus- tin, C E., Dominion Lmd Surveyor, who traversed the country to layout the Indian Reservations. It describes in 1881 the country I had pictured in 1859, as a "Moose Country," and full of swamp'?, muskegs and lakes. "From its low banks Lake Manitoba will be always subject to these risings unless provision is made for an extra discharge of its surplus watei-s, for as the rain and snowfall is increased or lessen- ed JO the lake will rise or fall. It being the catchment hasin of an extensive area of 28,965 square miles of country, the plateau state of which being made up of muskegs, swamps, marshes ami low tim- bered lands do not subject Lake Manitoba to sudden freshets and corresponding de/n'essions, but to slow riMugs and cantinuous sup- plies." (46) To this catchment surface of 28,965 square miles there must be added the greater portion of the surface of Lake Winnipeg, and the Kaurentian country on its east side. These together will make up at least 70,000 square miles of water, barren rock, morass, muskeg and swamp, which is described, in the "Colonists' Handbook," as possessing a "Soil of unsurpassed fertility." (page 26) Additional comment on this "unsurpassed" roguery is unnecessary, further than to say that although su[iremely cruel, it has "money value" in it, as long as it remains uncontradicted. But it is well to remem- ber that 6migrants reading the Colonists' Handbook see its dimen- sions given as large as those of the United Kingdom, and looking on the new maps they note its boundaries and its vast area of "un- surpassed soil." Who is to know how many poor creatures are de- ceived by this false allurement 1 I conclude this brief and imperfect sketch with the views of Archbishop Tache respecting the climate of the Prairie region. , " Here cornea the end of August. Already cold is threatening ; severe frosts prevent the ripening of cereals and expose them to (Ai) Part I- Appendix to Rir J. A.. Macdunald's Report as Superintendent-Goncral of Indian Affairs— Piige 138— Anno 1881. fmr \'>.\ ,-i 02, '^cmip't'ti' (I'stniction. At ntlicr tim<.s .1 similiiv i-phuU tniiy follow 'lruuj,'lit. W»! an* on tln' skirts of tlif fli'sert, it« nourcliing winds nisli ovor tlio ])miri(( protected hy 110 (dcviitcd land. Tho frcczinij: uiml, little, ohstnich-d on its wiiy tVom the Arctic re<^ions, combats with its viuh'nl rival, i^nopulation each year, is impracticable in the presence of the Co- (47) Some remarkable accouoU of recent hail rtorms are to be found in tke Sessional Tapers. 63, lonizatiuu Companies. Continuous .lettlomont muht bn ;i .slow unl gradual process by selection of suitable dotachod ui«a.s ; ovmi tli»'U it will be, in very many cjihw, hazardous and extra-!i:izardou.s us rogawls wheal cultivation, from the chaiucter of the climato of much of the second ai;d third I'mirie Plateaus. Life on lai-j^jf parts of th»» Plain country will alway.s be hazardous for m; , But on the vast treeless plains which cover an urea larger than the United Kingdom, through whicb the western half of the Canadian Pacific Railway is located, no homed ciittle cjtn survive, and indian ponies even, would fare bad- ly. The buffalo is provided with a broad snout to push away the snow. The buffalo dees not habitually scratch the snow off' the prairie, or where it is deep in the clumps of wood ; his grand and ()onderous fore-quarters are adapted to aid him in his winter life, and he pushes the .'mow away to the right and to the left with his thick- ly anued nose. The moose with an almost prehensile upper lip i^ (lesigited to browse on the twigs of trees ; the indian pony after ages of acclimatization has learned to paw away the snow. But the settlers' cattle and hortiefl on the great Plains and PrairicH ■•w must he attended to throughout the winter, or lie will 1x3 ui danger of losing them by starvation. Some of the emigrants had tho deluding work issued by the De- partment of Agriculture, entitled, ''What Funnei-s Su} ." They could scarcely be made to underetaud that the trick of this book is toyite the experience of men over a limited and known fertile area in Manitoba, and apply it to the '•Canadian North- West. Just as if h man selecUid the experience of a few farmei-s in J>evon8hire aiul ■drew conclusions therefrom njspecting the capabilities of the re- maining portion of England, Scotland and Ireland. I observe this trick is resorted to by Mr. Henry Stafford Northcote in his article in the "Nineteenth Century." It is seen on page 107. They did not know that the unprincipled pander who wrote ^'What Farmei-8 Say" collected the testimony of settlers in an area covering a few thousand square miles, and applied it to a territory AS large as the Empire of Germany and Kingdom of Italy combined. They did not know that he gathered the experience of a few per- sons settled on unquestioned laud in favourable localities in Maui toba and then said it was a picture of the whole vast North- West. These emigrants and those now going out have no chance of getting any good lind as free grants within scores or hundreds of miles of where this deceiver took his testimony. They must wander far into the second and third Prairie Plateaus; the 'Companies' and speculn- tors and 'Free Granters' have already secured the good laud near at hand. One emigrant was "going by rail to Battleford and thought of passing on to British Columbia by rail if he didn't like it." He gathered his information fi-om the map in the "Colonists' Hand- book," and when informed that there was no railway to liattleford. aaid he "didn't see why the Society for Promo' ing Christian Know ledge printed it, if it wasn't so ;" and the man lt he was troubled with a hacking cough, the winter climate was too severe for him, "the doctors had ordered him to the South of France." The other was a bold and defiant North- Wa«d, arose from the fact that people had come in so fast that they consumed more than they could i-aise, and prices rose. I'he man with the unsound lungs, and who had made the $25,000, said the reason was that the wheat mould not make flour. When questioned privately why it would not make flour — he answered with a laugh — '■''because it was frozen in the milk state, but they •ran make whiskey of it." And as he laughed again the hacking ••ough came on, the unnaturally bright eyes became dimmed with enforced tears, and thi'ough those windows of the soul one might see that little hope lay in the South of France. 'rhere are two facts to learn from this brief narrative, — of which examples might be almost indefinitely multiplied, and records sup- plied. Wheat is often frozen on the second and third prairie plat- eaus beforf) it comes to r^itmity, and it w. 11 not make flour. The intensely changeable winter climate is extremely trying to those who are not blessed with thoroughly sound lungs, and in forming conclusions on these important matters you must analyze the evi- dence on both sidf^ When the records of "frozen wheat" in the North-West beyond the limits of Manitoba are faithfully tabulated they show that wheat ••-ulture there is generally extira-hazardous. When proper inquiry is made into the effect of the winter climate on many constitutions it is seen that people from the South of England or from large cities are not capable as a general riile of resisting the intense cold. Many find a difficulty in breathing during the periods when the thermo- meter is much below zero, and these periods are frequent and long. The mean winter temperature of Winnipeg (Dec. Jan. Feb.) is but little removed from zero, and in some years the winter mean is bo- low zero. On the 2nd and 3rd Prairie Plateaus the climate is extremely ch igeable. It is the debatable ground between the north east Snow winds and the south west warm winds. Violent changes of tempera ture during the fall and winter months are common. In forty -eight hours after rsiin, the therometer will descend to far below zero. During the first fortnight of November mercury has been known to freeze, indicating a temperature 72 degrees Iwlow the freezing 67, point, and this some miles south of the North Saskatcliewan, ani in the "autumnal month, November," Rain \a not uncommon on these elevated plateaus during the winter, but it is generally swift ly followed by intense cold iis soon as the north oast Snow wind gets the OJ'cendancy. The day will come when these facts which are now generally kept in the back ground will be widely acknowledged. The mean winter temperature of Winnipeg as given in the (Colonists' Handbook is 2 degrees below zero. The mean temperature of Decorahor, .January, February and March, according to tliat erring authority was not 2 degrees above zero in 1878-9. These temjieraturoa aro below th« mark — but the mark is still intensely low, and the cli- mate there is more constant than further West. Your Grace will ask, "But if these things are so why do not tho papers publish the true state of the case ]" To the credit of several Canadian papers they do publish these facts from time to time. They give warnings, they narrate experiences, they record facts — but others and a greater number do not publish the drawbacks, and too frequently they style truthful anualiste "croak >jts." Such ac- counts interfere with the general policy respecting the North- West — they have no "money value" in them, and they raus<^^not be circu- lated. The sufferers are generally the poor, or the weak in consti- tution, these do not wish to parade their weakmws or mistakes. They are scofi'ed at by the speculators or taunted by their acquaint- ances, and naturally prefer to suffer in silence. MauA strong and able men have returned to the different Provinces of Canada in consequence of experience gained in the North-West ; there are numbers who can not return, being without means ; these must struggle on as best they may. As for the new comers from the United Kingdom without means, and they ai-e legion, is is a sad look out in view of the approaching winter which sometimes bo- gins in October, nil rlWilW <>i{ As an illustration of the warnings given in the Public Press 1 beg to call your Grace's attention to the folloAving very recent; letter. The writer knew nothing I appi-ehend about the "Colonists' Handbook," but his communication is a striking commentary upoa the anonymous letter in that work. j MANITOBA IN WINTER. y/ {To the Editor of the Globe.) •I Sir, — Having seen somelbinK of Manitoba, I am impressod with the conviction that during tlie coming winter there will be mucli distress amongst the newly arrived irauiigrjints. The majority of tlien; seek fftr free grant landu. All lands open to Hottlemeiii as fiee grants are laken up for a long distance west of Winnipeg. It ntay be safely stated that between Winnipeg and the Souris River on Ibe Vest sinil between tVe boundavy of Dakota and Birtle on the nortli there is banlly a gooi quarter-section open for free grant settUmeuU It follows then that the last arrivals push further on, stnA so though but 15t>,000 people are in tLo Province and Territory they are scattered over a vast area of couhtfy, and are of course separated from each other by long distances. Ninety per cent, of this summer's immigrants are under canvaiR. Yety many of thera are long distances from wood, and few of tlie Oil I! ; i' ;r^! 6S. Country people have risht conceptions of the fierce inclemency of the winter weather. Lumber of the commonest kind is $35 per thousand at Brandon, and every b ard that arrives has already been waited for for months. There is little money to buy lumber, and less lumber to bity. Winter will come d«)WD on people who are poorly clad, poorly supplied with food, and hardly housed at all. What will be the result ? I greatly fear there will be a sad story to tell in the spring, and if so, won't it interfere with the speedy settlement of the country. I know of no substitute for a house but dug-outs" a kind of cellar usually dug in the side of a hill. On level land turf cabins should be built — the 8»>d, raised with a breaking plough, built in a thick wall around stakes, and plastered with mortar made of tlie clay subsoil, with a thatch roof, would be the most available protection from the intense «old. Canadians are apt in providing for themselves, but every European immigrant should be furnished with a book containing advice and hints, to assist him in providing against the contingencies of the country. Di- rections how to make houses without lumber, liow to preserve vege- tables, how to make shelter for stock, how to use straw for fuel, to avoid travelling during the blizzards, and how to act when caught in them— veiy many useful hints, which experienced vnen of the country could furnish, and the knowledge of which wouid be of great value to people whose ignorance of the commonest fpots in relation to the country is hardly realized. * * * TuKTLE Mountain. June 20, 1882.— [Toronto Qlohe., Jubj Srd, 1882. Senator Macpheraon, who is now in England, has recently writ- ten a pamphlet. In this document the Senator says : — ''Between the Ist January last and Ist May instant, 25,000 settlers ar- rived in Manitoba, and the immigration from Europe to that Province, tiff the St. Lawrence, is at the rate of about 1,000 per w^eek, and probab- ly half as many more for the same destination, anlve weekly via New York — many of them bringing with them considerable capital. From that source our country is deriving great wealth." At a low estimate it may be inferred from these figures that 40,- 000 emigrants are now scattered over the prairies, very many of them west of a line 150 miles distant from Winnipeg. The majo- rity, of these will have to face a North-West winter withotit h jjes, or houses to go to, or shelter of any kind beyond what they can Bcoop out of the giuuxid ^r construct of turf, unless they migrate to the edge of thd woods, or return to the settlements which will bo full to repletion. This too will occur in a country whore all the necessaries of life are exceedingly scarce and dear at a distance from Winnipeg, and even there exorbitant. Senator Macpherson has yet to learn the cost which encumbers the "great wealth" of which he speaks, and the human suffering by means of which that wealth is won. I do not wish to intrude the result of my own observations in 1868 respecting the tract of country between the Souris River on the 49th parallel and near Birtle, the points named in the letter quoted, east of which all the good free grant land is taken up. I can find no record of any journey but my own which briefly descrilies the character of the land where, and west of which, the immigrants have now to select their free grantSjSay within fifty miles of the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Therefore I venture to lefer your Grace to my itinerary through this part of the country. It was written from day to day, at a time when there Wi>s no land f«iver to stimulate and no Companies to please. I have my field nutets nl 69, available, as ought every man who pieaumes to describe a new coun- try. If any explorer can not refer to and produce liis field notes made at the time, his testimony ought to be rejected. In the face cf field notes bare assertion goes for nothing. I have read the official tlescriptions given in the extracts from the Reports of the Township snvveyors published in the Iteport of the Minister of the Interior for 1881, but as these are "extracts," and do not give dates, and are mther confusing without a Section Map, they are shorn of half their value. In consequence of the absence of dates they are lilo to all persons. In 1873 the Hod Kiver froze on Oct. i.'8th, in 187r) on November 4th. It is to be observed that tliH Jiguves given below do not represent the M'minmm tempemture, it is the llit'dij Mean temperature. IIECOUD OF DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE AT WINNIPEG IN OCTOBER AND NOVEMKEK, WHEN THE MEAN FELL BELOW THE FREEZING POINT OF WATER. ',"' TRAR. 1871. 1872. 187.1. 1874. 1876. 1876 1877 1879. Oiiobi-r. •.'■.' 23.9 iSi n.-i 'l\ •£tA •.'5 ^8.6 W.i SI. 3 8« :i6.6 24.6 29.9 147 •ibji 214 28 S 2t.6 'M W.S 21. B .10.7 31.3 •M 27.8 23.6 20.4 368 30 •ib.O 15 6 17 2 21.1 117.2 Si 38.3 1«».J 28.1 22.2rU JK) Noveuibfr. ' 23.9 :».4 81.1 13.1 ^' -i 30.U 06 28.1 ar.i 24.9 26.1 W.OCJ. 3 17.8 27.9 2».U 25.^ 16,9 II.O 4 ■ 4.6 15.9 ll.»fi»> I6.9r6; 26 6 t> sa.o 17.4 269 17.1 12.6 17.2. :.'9.1 f, •J6.1 286 15.7 28.1 / 18.4 •HKO 11 .•^ « 19.7 30.0 •J»A 1.1.9 26.4 y •29.0 24.7 25.9 23.6 21.2 27.4r;j 10 19.0 •.'2.4 26.5 23.2 31.3 30.9 11 •M.'i W.» 17 9 22.7 278 20.1 1,2 3i.a «5> 4.3 36.3. 13.3 14.ir5-> 13 14.U 16.7 1(1.6 18.5 19.9 3.7 20.2 ■ 14 8.3 21 -i 21.0 16.2 \»M(:i) 8.1 87.6 16 1T.2 fit 9A 159 7.1 rio.i le.r. 16 !B».7 17.9 -8.S • 1 14.8 23.6 '.IMIJ 17 14.2 6.8 17.2 -8.5 13.6 26.0 15.6 17.9 '*- 5.8 8.1 -1,9 6.6 8.4 3.1 23.9 10 8.3 1.6 r.8 81 1.4 t7.6r6; 9.fl iW 8.5 ia.7 18.4 11.1 -8.6- 168 6.5 (I J Fort Garry. (2^ Fort <»»rry. (7) Fort Garry. (S) py>rt Garry. C6) Koit Garry. (6) Fort G«rry . From thivS table it will be seea that the^ mean temperature of the ;jOth anaoiner— page 'W (2) Ibid— page 71. F r 1 1 . 7^. ture of Winnipeg iind thaf of Montreal or St. Paul." (See pages 27, 28 and 30.) The value of the assertions made by these gentlemen may be gathered from the tables which are given above. From the pi-omises 1 have advanced it will clearly be seen by any one who chooses to inform himself, that the Colonists' Hand- hook is a serious delusion. And I think I am justified in saying t hat your Grace will be among the first to pronounce th3.t he who does not choose to inform himself, and persists in spreading this de- lusion, is guilty of being an accessory to the frauds to which the Colonists' Hand-book is an insidioas and most deceitful ad- junct, and becomes morally responsible for the sufferings which it assists in creating. •"jl-'i' ■•»* vta« rtt .ic THOUSANDS OK LIVKS IN JKOPARDY. jjiw ,.'<•>' •^• I have now pointed out to your Grace and the parochial clergy tlie leading details of a great commercial delusion which the Chtirdi of "Kngland has lately been innocently nuide a powerful instruraeftt for spreading and improving. i . r can not linger to tmce out the closer relations and individual responsibility of certain of the conspirators, that will come in due I'oui-se. ^^eanwhile a more pressing duty urges me to lose no time in bringing to the notice of your Grace and those of the clergy who have undertaken to impart information to Jlniigrants, that there are now thousands of people in th*» North-West Territory whose live.*; are iraperrilled from ignorance of the impending dangers which sur- lound them, and inability to cope %vith those dangers. These people have been led, to a greater or less degree, into their present position by the statements circulated in *.he Colonists' Hand- book, and kindred publications. It is impossible to assign the just ineiisure of responsibility to each misleading guide, therefore they must be all classed together for present purposes. In making a statement so alarming it is necessary to give such precise data that he who runs may read unless he willfully closes his ey«s and ears to the truth. For this reason I have entered into numerous particulars throughout this letter which would not other- wise have been necessary or even advisable. I will now briefly re- view some of those particulars, regardless of the risk of repetition, and earnestly solicit the attention of your Grace to the inevitable — not merely the probable — but humanly speaking, the inevitable conclusions towards which, they point, unless immediate steps be taken to lesisen the impending risk of supreme distress. THK POPULATION OF MAVrTOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST IN 1881. 7.. Very few persons have any proper idea of the population of Mfi- nitoba and the North-West Territories. The information given in the census returns is not particular as to boundaries or the distinc- tion between Indians and Whites, We may arrive, however, at a close total approximation from the returns of the last census in 1861. This census shows that all accounts of the previous invairion of mtsSmsssSBHt 76, Manitoba and the North-West by large numbers of Iramigrantfl were • greatly exaggerated. The census of 1881 gives the foUowIng figures including Whites and Indians. ^ PROVINCE OF MANITOBA, 1881. Total Population. Manitoba — Old Boundaries, 14,000 Sq. Miles, 4950 5 '• Extension, 86,000 " " 1645' Province of Manitoba — Area, 120,000 *' " Total, 65,954 THE TERRITORIES. Including "Xorth-West 'i'erritory," "Ruperts Land" and I^abrador TiiK Territories — Area upwards of 2,000,000 Sq. Miles, 'iotal Population. 56,446 .Manhoba and the 'i'KRRirokiEs together, 122,400 Deduct Indians, according to the Report of the Superin- tendent of Indian .Affairs for 1881, 38,124 Total White Population, 84.276 The population of the country between the Rocky Mountain!^ and Manitoba, the North 8askat'*hewan and the Boundary line, covering an approximate^ )»i'ea of 200,000 square miles, or about tho dize of Fr.uce, was as follows in 1881. District. '• Cumberland, North of Manitoba Extension *»^55 " Qu'Appelle 5,241 " Wood Mountain (on the Boundary Line) 4>552 ••" Prince .\lbert, on the Saskatchewan 3j236 " Battleford ,...4,830 •* Edmonton 3*126 '• Bow River 3i275 • Total, 25,515 The proix)vtion of Indians in this enumeratioi is very large, but it is quite impossible to give it even approximately, for the censas returns as far as published afford no clue to the lumber of Indians in e^ch district, and the Report of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs enumerates the Indians in each Treaty 11 nit only. Making every allowance for the Iramigmtion of 1881, it is certain that tlm number of resident and productive Whites in tlie Territory south of the Saskatchewan, capable of producing food in 1882, are incon- siderable, and these are distributed in a few settlements over ait area of country approaching that of France. 'X is not probable, therefore, that a large body of Immigrants enteiing the North- V/est Territory in the spring of 1882 can expect to fi id any considerable supplies of food available, even at the settlemen », should they roacli them. Those who may not succeed in raising jrops, or who have not brought sufficient supplies with them, are ikely to suffer dis- t sxBSEsnsES mm « *' ('Oinfituip, to say the h^iHt, nt an early dfttP. Many of tb** ihnni'jpTinfw will httvo ttiTivfd tluH year far too late to put in any crop, and they niUHt (If^pend in very many inHlancoH, on the suppliPB they take with them, or i»urcha8«) them at exhoibitant j)rit'e8from those who have them. I. — According to tho Ht»\toraonta of Sir Charles Tiii)per and Sena- tor Macpherson jointly, there are now (-Inly) in Manitoba and the Xoith-Wewt TtirritorieM not less than forty thousand Immigrants, chietly from Europe, who have arrived there this year. Had it not been for the widespreading floods in tho Jted and Assinniboine Vfdleys, this immigration would have been larger, but fortunately, accounts of these devastating floods reached lOngland and Scotland early in the season and checked emigmtion to the Nortli-West, but the numbers still going are great. 2. — A large majority of the emigrants who have reached Mani- toba are compelled per-force of circumstances to press beyond the limits of allotted lands to obtain their free grants, or to secure suit- able farm lots by purchase. 3. — They have passed through and beyond some 25,000 square miles of excellent alluvial soil in the valleys of Ited River and the -Vsttinniboine, namely from the latitude of Brecken; idge in Minne- HOta to that of Brandon in Manitoba, where wheat can generally be successfully grown except in flood and grasshopper years. They have passed through and out of this vast fertile .area into the broad and unsettled expanse lying west of longitude 101. Groat num- bers have gone as far as longitude 103, into the Moose Mountain District, (1) and have spread over the country west of the Souris. These have not only passed from a compjaratively constant climate where the rainfall is generally abundant, to the borders of an arid one, bnt from a climate of tolerably uniform intensity to one of ex- treme variability, whose characteristic, like all the climates of the second and third Prairie Plateaus, is that of very great and very sudden changes dunng the autumnal and winter months. Many have reached a region where there are no settlements, a great dearth of a^'ailable river water in winter ; where food is at all times scarce, and dry fuel difticult of access and exceedingly small in quantity. 4. — The Immigrants who have made the country between the Qu'- Appelie and the boundary line their destination, will be constrain- ed to wander many miles south of the Qu'Appelle on account of much of the land having already passed into the hands of Com- panies and speculators. These will be brought face to face with two prominent characteristics of this part of the country, certain to prevail within six weeks or two months from the time this letter reaches your Grace in its printed form. 1st, autumnal prairie fires, 2nd, winter cold. They must face these conditions in a region where fuel and forage is extremely scarce ; at that season of the year when there is no chance for obtaining any shelter for man or beast except what they themselves can create ; where there is no possibility for obtaining a board even to construct a house for the winter ; where very scanty supplies of food are accessible beyond those they take with tnem, the great majority having arrived too (1) Vide tetter in tht; Nottiugbam "Daily Onardlaa," dated April ISth, 1881. |i late to put iu a crop. Uoliind then is a coimtry filled to ropletior. with iucoiuin.,' iiiiiiiigriiu{« ; IwfowMieni m a vvii*lernca8,witha fleet- ing l)iit onticiug boiiuty iu aiininuM' ; in wiut+^r converted into ai- awful frozen dj^cit, rxtrtinoly diingerous to the inoxpeiit)nce'^ond, they are left to wander in search of land to a part of the country wholly different from that granted to thf .^nnonites, and far re- moved from the accumulated appliances of previous settlements ; a 8t. !!■;. country where the natural msourcos are much less in degree, more dif- ficult to utilize, and where help in time of greatest need, is likely to be sought for in vain in many probable civses. 10. — I am surprised that the official accounts scattered through the Sessional Papers respecting the destitution and suflering of some of the Indians in the North- West on their Reserves have not attracted the attention of tin* Aborigines Protection Society. Formerly this Societygave kindly attention to the wants and condition of the North- West Indians, but latterly it seems, perliaps erroneously, that, since the landed interest has come to the front, these aborigines do not find that earnest advocacy of their claims which they secured at a period when Land and Railway Companies were in the womb of the future. 11. — The dangers of which I speak are not to be met by carpet geographers or summer travellers. It is jeopardized human life, to- gether with induced human suffering on a vast scale and under un- precedented condilions, which have to be faced, and these must be faced manfully and without shrinking. Aid of some sort should be sent to these people, and they ought to be warned of their dan- ger. Truthful accounts respecting them must alone be tolerated ; the delusions of promoters and speculators, of blatant "patriots" and soothing, "hope for the best" kind of people, should be utterly discountenanced and pushed on one side. It is not a time to "hope for the best," but it is a time to act for the best. What is wanted now is the whole truth, and nothing but the Truth, for the moan of the North-East Snow Wind is too likely t« become a funeral dirge, and those summer painted prairies — the fading Indian's heri tt^e — a vast necropolis for many trusting English immigranta. Sir Alex. Gait was reported in the papers to have attended and spoken at one of the Great Missionary Meetings in London during my recent visit to the metropolis. But it seems to me that while the martial strains of our conquering race are resounding in the dark cities of the Pharaohs, it is a cruel mockery that well meaning Christian Work should be so perverted as to mislead our "Drothers and sisters" into aa icy tomb, where no stretch of thought- less fancy can convert the Snow Wind's wail into the refrain of Heber's song — "Waft, waft, ye winds His story." No amount of ostensible missionary zeal will wipe away the stain of the Colonial Office Pamphlet, or condone the Colonists' Hand- book. No singing of miHsionary songs will drown the cries or drj the tears of the deluded English immigrants scattered -^vertheprai ries of the North- West, Sir Alexander Gait must help the immi grants first and sing the missionary songs ifterwards. 12. — I fervently trust that your Grace will not be guided or even moved by the advice of interested parties in Manitoba Investment Companies, Colonization Companies, North- West ^ilway Com panies, Land Companies, or in the "hopes" and soothings of their promoters and dependants. I think I may look for kindly aid from British and American clergymen and papers in drawing attention t.o ^hi's pressing matter; ako that those Canadian and American periodicals which have thrown out warnings, from time to time, will renew and intensify imssBi li I V' ?■' ; their efforts to arouse public interest in a question of such extreme moment to the lives of great numbers of their kindred and fellow countrymen, to say nothing of the welfare and honour and charity of their country. And lest any one should say, "you magnify too much the culpa- bility of these men, as the world goes ; you press too heavily upon these deceivers and injure your own object by so doing ;" let me remind him that some of these deceivera are enormously wealthy already, and seek to become more weall hy still ; others are "dressed in brief authority" and desire to prolong it. They are "Great Ca- pitalists" and that is their earthly strength, or they possess brief de- legated power, but they can not take their "great capital" or their delegated power beyond the grave. Yet have these "Great Capi- talists" and their allies in authority, dared to falsify human know- ledge on a vast scale, at the risk of much human suUering and loss of life, for the sole purpose of Increasing their Capital and Pro- longing THEIR Power. Let any one compare the statements made by th°8e deceivers re- specting the climate of Manitoba and the North-Weat with official records easily accessible to public men and subject to their dis- posal and use. I give on the next page a Computed Table of Mean Monthly Temperatures which disclose the swift monthly decline in temperature as we ascend the Mississippi Valley from St. Paul, and descend the Red River Valley to Winnipeg. I am indebted to the officer in charge of the Chief Signal Office of the United States Army for this all important information, in reply to my let- ter to the Hon. the Secretary of State of the United States. Let this striking official information be compared with the false data and perverted conclusions which the dishonesty of those in brief authority, dared to supply for the Colonists' Handbook, and give to the English Public under the certifying impress of i "the SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE." Every poor emigi-ant who studied the Colonists' Handbook be- lieved its teachings because it bore the impress of an honoured and christian name, and the warnings of mere passers by were utterly discarded in the presence of so great a renown. "What the So- ciety said must be true." "The Society would not impose upon us." But the sad mockery does not end here. The Colonists' Hand- book contains what Sir Alexander Gait sails "Matter of a religious nature" for the guidance of emigrants. On their arrival in their new home, they are taught to pray for "courage, and cheerftUneas, jnitience and hope.'' "May 1 n«t live for myself alone, but endeavour to do all the good I can, both bodily and spiritual to my neighhowa." "Keep me from mur- murino and unbelief and forgetfulnoss of Teeb»" Does any one doubt that the "Great Capitalist" and the Hot. gentlemen in brief authority ought aleo to pray 1 or that the wintry prairie sun would shine with equal mea-jure on the froren upturn- ed face of a great Capitalist and the sinless eyes of an English emi- grant child, both staring alike in awful vacancy through wiutet's .^ay and winter's night at the infinite throne of God t ss. si ^ ET.Vrf ST. O O O 00 SL-I 3 CO" ^ ;0§2§ ** 2 W g ^Sp.3 ? OQ S«- Saint Paul, Mmn. I. Breckenridge, Minn. "| and >■ Moorhead. .Minn. ) \2. Pembina, Dakota, '\ and >■ St. Vincent, Minn. } Fort Garry. Manitoba. o ■ — 1 .^. 4« 4k. 4k. .k 4>. vO vO vO Os ©»4k _0 3 Z> O O O Cn Cn •" Cn MO O M M C*i Latitude ..-,.•■ 30 no po ' Cn m ' O Cn Cn O •^ Cn 0_' - *■'' Longitude. 00 \0 "-> Mean for years I i M bo d> Cm Jany. M Cy\ OO 00 Oi vo b\ M Feby. C«> Cn on 00 bv b vb - Mar. C^4 Cm Cm 4>k .»» 4k S' r- CM 'Jo O Cn April. Cn Oi Cn tn M 4k. ^ ">? May. p M -^ ":« June, «>• <« cn .ik 0\ Ok Ov ^Jt ik Cm Cn 'o\ July. U. jU OS O 00 4k a\ o ' Aug Cn (/I Cn Cn M » 4k 00 4k. 00 6o o Sept. (M ;m .^ *k 1 ^ . >0 00 *» i»v Oct. b 00 (#1 <^ •^00 H t» •^i Cn -^00 Cm cn O oa O 00 b\ <4> Ndv. Dec. Cm C»i Cc. .^ Cm 4k 00 .*». 4k 00 « b Anauai i. H M K •• H > H C » s 3 CO 3 O- H a 3 a.r 3 S ^ • » O 'c - » s ^ 3 9 ^ *► I' ^ o ^" » Or: «>;: ^% ' Ml Considei'jnf; the miiuy thousands of uninstructed people who luive Wn induced by th« "Colonists' Handbook," and similar publications, to venture into those inhospitable North- Western wilds without sufficient waraings or preparations, and under illusory promises, the responsibility which resta on those who have misled them, or who mtiy continue to mislead them, or who may remain inert in the matter, i^* of that magnitude and typo for which Ian- ^'uage has no expre^Hion. - ' ; ■ ■ * ■ \y-- *^^ CONCLUSION. « I cannot close this letter without a brief reference to my recent work in England, (apart from earlier efforts), whither 1 went a second time for the purpose of arresting selfish fraud and curtailing its most disastrous influence. This might be presented in a sug- gestive form were I to introduce the, headings of memoranda fur- nished by my legal adviser in London, but these would scarcely have sufficient interest for your Grace. I may therefore say, that among other nece.ssary preoiutions adoyit- ed and efforts made, [ took proper steps, Ist. — To warn the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal < 'olonial Institute, ( 1 ) (having formerly been a fellow of each of t hese Societies), respecting further operations of misguided and un- principled men, who, as officers or raembei-s have sought to use the influence and prestige of those distinguished bodies in the pursuit oi' their nefarious work. 2nd. — 1 supplemented the printed documents 1 had already transmitted to the Secretaries of those Societies *from time to time, with duplicate copies delivered in the presence of a witness. These documents informed the respective Secretaries concerning the mp,n- uer in which the Societies they served had been used by some of flj I propo8<> at the Draper time to de8crib«' Ailly the i^urse I lrav<> taken in relatloA to the Koyal Colonial Inotltute, eMpeclallv concerning Rome of the Vice-Pre^^idents anuke of Mnncheiter in this enumeration. The liCtion of some of th« offlcerfl and mem berx of Council ought to be known to al) themumbersof thin Important Snoietv. Tbik U Sir A. T. Qalt'A description of th^ North. Went, read bffore '.he InBtitutc;—"Corainenolng with the Viilley of the Ked RlTer, of unisurpaHsed ft'rtillty, the pruirio extends westwatd overaijently undulatin»r country, clothed with the mot-t luxuriant griitmeH and beaitlfui flora, for a dlBtanoe i.>t a tiiouRand miles to the bn^e of the Kooky Mouutaine, by a varying width of from four hundred '.o »ix hundred miles. " rhi« would make the ar^a ot the gently undulating prairie country .600,000 xquare mile*. The ditgraceftil paper on Haed by Sir A.T. hed in the Paoiflc Railway Reports for 1870 and 1880, to br»ome conrinced that .Sir A. T. Qalt'a paper is worse than a delnsion. This will be more than cnnvi-cing after a glance at tne Canada Paclflc Railway In the t^olonial Office Pamphlet Mai. '^nd the ''Colonists' Handbook:" or the ■* Vast Region of Excellent Farming Land" on the map io the Hnndy IkMk for Emigrants, distribu- ted under the auspices of Sir A.T. Oalt, Canadian High Commiasionur, And shouM any doubt remain, it will fiide like dew before the sun of "Appendix -Memorandum •wncerning Article X XI . of the Treaty of Washlnvton." Those doi-uments all go to- gether. I ;, their officers and members to further dishonest schcini's. throuj^h the distribution of false and misleading information iinder their au- thority. 3rd. — I communiaited, undor date r2tJi April, 1882, a letter to the "Nottingham Daily Guardian," over my own name, pointing; out many delusions circulated by interested parties rewpecting th** "North- Wb8T and Manitoba ;" also directing attention to former work in that relation, proffering proof, inviting discussion, announc- ing the existence of other misleading official statemente, and indi eating generally the sufferings and evils towards which the misrp presentations were tending. • 4th. — I transmitted to the Lord Mayor of London various com- munications and printed documents which I have re^ason to thih]< were instrumental in arresting the further i)KU!tice of public imposition by Sir Alexander Gait, Sir John Eose and others, under cover c1" charitable motives and humane intentions. These documents will be useful at some future period. (See also Appendix No. IL) 5th. — I sent copies of some of these communications to certain Members of the Mansion House Committee for the "Emigration of the Unemployed," also to certain Members of Parliament. Somp of the letters your Grace will find in the Appendix are important as pointing out inevitable results. 6th. — I took particular care to send special annotated copies of my letter to the "Nottingham Daily Giiardian" to those ecclesias^- tical members of the Mansion House Committee for the "Emigra- tion of the Unemployed," who had distinguished themselves in the cause of Emigration. It may be here noted that one month after this letter had been thus transmitted, I procured the "Colonists' Handbook" at the Shipping Agents, as well as at the Depository of the "Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge" in Liverpool, thus showing that my efforts had so far failed to reach their mark ; — a failure which, perhaps I may correctly attribute to external and powerful influences or occult causes, "but still a failure calling for exact inquiry under impending ciioumstances. 7th. — Further to satisfy your Grace respecting th*- fulncjss and earnestness of my work, the integrity of my purpose and the deter- mination I manifested to secure Inquiry, I respectfully direct your attention to the closing paragraph in my letter to the Lord Mayor of London, dated 17 Park Yalley, Nottingham, April 12, 1882, and marked No. IL in Appendix IL The paragraph reads thus : — "I shall return to Ix)ndon in a few days, and shall be found at the Jnns'of Court Hotel, ready to answer any open and full inqui- ries, and in earnest pursuit of the object which brought me to Eng- land, n-mely the exposure of vast Fraud, and the arresting of thf disliess end crime inseparable from it." \ »"■• ."'■, ' r ^ The Mansion House Committee coUa{)6ed, yet no one appeared to make JTKiuiries, no one ventured to doubt the truth of my state meniA I'-ut still I obtained the "Colonists' Handbook" at the Shirpin,^' Agents and purchased them at the Depositories, mmn weeks later. I also vospectfnlly ask your Oract 'a attention to the paragraph touchinr^ 'punighment and shame," in my printed letter to Ix)rd I iHBIi w TV S6\ % • Jrauviilo, iBfeirod to in my commuuicjition to the lx)rd Mayor 1 H(iy : — 'If I hiive mis-stated the subject, or "set down aught in malice," it can be detected in un hour, and on mk will rest the pun- ishment and the Hhame.' (1) In another place I have stated my conviction tliat Karl Gran- ville ha.s taken proper officiul steps to protect British honour in this matter; but the point which surprises me is this, that no steps ap- pear to have been taken by the Keverend gentlemen interested ii> Emigjation to prevent the further distribution of the Colonists' ' Handbook, after tuy explicit statements in relation to Sir Alex- ander (lilt's extreme delinquencies in supplying the false iuforma- t ion it emlx)die8. Permit me still further to call the attention of your Grace to the closing paragraph of my letter to the Lord Mayor of London, dated Nottingham 1 4th April, 1882. This letter is No. III. of Appen- dix IL "The simple fact that the men who are injuring Society and tlie < Country to enrich themselves, make use of every conceivable arti- fice and influence to shun open inquiry and crush my efforts, is condemnation itself, [f they pos3&si«d a spark of moral courage or rt glimmer of honesty they would not merely court, but they would demand full and open investigation." But I remained at the Inns of Court Hotel from day today, with all my proofs, ready and waiting a summons, but no summons i;ame. The "Colonists' Handbook" was continued to be i88ued,and rosy English children, laughing in the sunshine, sang "we're ofl' to .Manitoba." Shall we leave them to be frozan in the 'Dug-outs' of iheNorth-WestI Lastly, let me ask your Grace's attention to my letter to the Lord •Mayor, dated 'Inns of Court Hotel, April 29th, 1882.' It forms •Vo. II. of Appendix VI. This letter, with the final one, (Ni». I.) dated May 5th, 1882, addressed to the Lord Mayor and the Mem- l)ers of the Mansion House Conrtnittee for the "Emigration of the Unemployed" is conclusive. Jointly they require no comment. Your Grace will see in Appendix VL that Sir Alex. Gait actually informed me by letter, that "he doee not propose to take any notice of the communications to which I refer." He is compelled to accept the charge that he has not "a spark of moral courage or a glimmei- of honesty." He is compelled to acknowledge his participation in •'Unlawfui., Unpatriotic A^fD Money Sbekino Acts and Opbrat flj '*Sir Alex. T. Oait to offioi»Uf ennired up to the pr«eiii hour, m I hten reeently '^<^' ^^^ Kuttofled myself, in dlstribiitiDK false "Inibmiatfon,'' which he knows tolM Rb40lut«Iy inislftadiBg and untrue, although he hM been informed of this dcltnquenoy for nearly u year. A portion of tlii« false 'Hnforaation" emanates directly from the Coix>niAL. OPFIOK, and carries the impress of In&perial authority, which is used fbr the parpoie (it deluding British i^imigranta aud British Inveators. "The end is looming slowly into view. A ripple of scorn shows itself In the report of the Committee on Foreign Affkirfl of the Oongresn of ttw United States. It is use- Ikss her«: to discu's this ripple, but it would be unwise and nnnatrioUo to forget that it may grow Into crcstMl wares beforv the "Ante Treaty" stage Is reached. Th« "Oovi' paaies." If unchallenged, mar incwaio and "boom" until ripe for borsting. All tbit vast trouble and miserv can be lawfully arruted in both mattein, by looking at, tni acMng on, my proofs of these statements. If I have mis-atatcd the lubjeot, or "set d'wn aught in malice," it can be deKc-ted in an hour, and on me will rest the pnniskp ''""^^ ment and the shame : bnt if true, why ehontd all this crime be longer tolerated, and th« - distr> S7, TioNs." I claim that no other conclusion is possible in the prcsono* of my indisputable proofs ple.iding for insi)ection, and o|ieu, earn- est attitude, as contrasted with Sir Alex. Gait's criminating r«!fus;.l and speechless flight from iNguiRV. But still, notwithstanding; all this, 1 wiis able to procure any number of copies of the "Coi/ - NisTs' Handbook" at Shipping Agents and the Depositories, up ru the hour of my departur*» from England ; and 1 saw troops of English girls and women, young lads and strong men, drifting away to tlie 8now "Winds of the North- West. I noticed how groat I^ud Com- panies quoted the Lord Mayor's letter to the "1-ondon Times" re- specting the sending out by voluntary subscription, at a cost of from 6000 to 7000 pounds sterling, some 200 families to work ui the Canadian Pacific liailroad west of Winnipeg. "ThisCompjuiy proposes to do as a matter of business that which the l^rd Mtwyor would accomplish by Charity." (I) 8th. — Actuated by my failure to produce any visible eftect upon the f ui'ther distribution of misleading information, and being in the daily presence of some of the possible victims of the CoLONisin' Handbook, who were not to bu dissuaded from its teachings, who, looking at the map, insisted, figuratively, in "going to Battiefor J by Rail, and if they didn't like it going on by Rail to British Co- lumbia," because the Colonists' Handbook "said so ;" who scorned all warnings about land or climate, or work or farms, because the Colonists' Handbook said the contrary, and the 8. P. C. K. "would not print things not true," it lias become my manifest duty to direct special attention to the "Colonists' Handbook." in the open manner now respectfully submitted to your Grace. I venture to submit my protest and appeal in the confident hope of speedy remedial action, not merely in the interests of "Chrih* TiAN Knowledge," but in the pressing needs of those who hav> been misled by its cruel teachings. I apprehend that should but fifty lifeless forms be found in the spring of 1883 in the "Dui*- outs" of the North- West Territories, or discovered "on the road" to the settlements, there will be great responsibility somewhertj, which will have to be met. But will fifty, or ten times fifty, cover the record % i It is proper for me to direct your Grace's attention to the fact that my worst suspicions were strongly supported by the zeal manifest^^i by Shipping Agents in the free distribution of the "Colonists' Handbook," for according to n\y experience this class of people \% not distinguished by efforts to circulate the civilizing and elevating publications of the S. P. C. K. (2) One of these gentlemen living in a large English inland town, sold mo a stateroom ticket in an Allan Steamer some days after ail the berths had been taken, and he gave me with great attability foue "Colonists' Handbooks," telling me I could have as many as I liked. His ticket detained me two days in Liverpool, but it afford- (\) Fide prospeotui of the ''Canadian Land iDTMtment and AKricultural Awo«i» tios. Limited." CI) The/rie and liberal distribution of the "Coloniata' Handbook" by Shipping Ag«nts, and lt« mle bv the 8. P. C- K. la a curioua aiiumaly. It muat aurpriae the American Bishops o know that Canadian Shipping Agents talce aucb an intersst in the distribution ot that "Outcome of the I^iambeth Conference" to which they >nt their cordial aasiatanot! and encouragement. «*(! mo oppoH unities to think about thn "Colonihth' HAVunooK" and make t'urtljcr incjuiries as to its bearings and intluonco whou viewed as a pronioterH manifesto and a Shipping Agontd advertise- ment. I can not help believing that the usufruct uarypropcrty eml)o- died in the mish^ading statements of the Colonists' Handbook is en- joyed by the promoters of deluding North-We*tern Railway and Ijvnd speculations. ' ', . THE UEVEBEND SECRBTARv's LETTER. There la a passage in the reply of the Reverend Secretary of th(» S. P. (1 K. to my communication dated May 6th, 1882, (See App. No. I.) to which I respectfully solicit the attention of your Grace, for fear that the view of the subject there expresded should retard urgent work. The surprise I have manifested at the tenor of the Reverend Secretary's letter, also calls for explanation, because it is wholly apart from the entire failure of my earlier indirect efforts to obtain even an inquiry into the matter of the Colonists* Hand- book published by the Society for I'l-omoting Christian Knowledge, much less a withdrawal of this misleading guide from circulation. The Reverend Secretary informs me that the Society for Promo- ting Christian Knowledge looks to official sources for information concerning Canada and cannot enter controversy about what is thus supplied ; also that my business seems to lie with Sir Alex- ander Gait. This reply lookji reasonable, but when properly ana- lyzed, it seems to open the door to endless deviations from the path of christian dealing. It was the diplomacy and turn of thought embodied in this reply which surprised and startled me. Those seemed to elude a subject of vast importance concerning the diffu- sion of human knowledge by assuming that "official information" ^ is necessarily true. They wore the aspect of reposing implicit trust in official humanity, and, while closing the door to controversy, se- cured a standpoint and shelter aloof from m(imle. Ol'POSrriON IN IJNOLANl). T found in Enj^land my one great difficulty to lie in g'ltting mat- t<^m made public so that these .scaud.- is might be ox)x>.sed and the evil stopped. I found the "Money and "I^nd" influence far more widespreading than 1 expected, and that the names of people in position, who were wleeping partneT: or openly engaged in the sjx;- enlations, became a tower of Htren{.;.h for the evil doers. At the Royal (Jolonial Institute 'he influence of certain membeig of tlie Council to wliom the matte' ^appeai-ed tu be a source of, or to promise to be a source ol' much " money, the difficulty was enor- mous ; some influential j)eople I. longing to the Institute being members of Ij^nd Cori)oration8 in the North- West Territories, anil thus interested in keeping the imposition afloat. At the Roj'al (ieographical Soiiety, I did not encounter in any way whatever the sane kind of liiflliculty. 1 met courteous and manly treatment ; but 1 was pri>|Ftely assured by a member of the inner circle that while the Cou:| jil as a body knew nothing of the rogueries, yet the influence of ti'.ose who were niaking money out of them would keep the* matter from being officially noticed. I iuscertained there, that the subjf .:!t had been privately discussed b« - fore I came to England, and I !earnetaten)eDt«. I wilt xeni you a copy of the Memoruiidum I gave ro Mr. Bcltarice to place in the hands of the Hanjtiig of ^■aliHhury. I think yott have done your duty, and I hop« you will not suffer iii any way foryonr couraiiie and oonsoientiousneas. I an. Dear 8)r, faltbfuUy vuurs, K, T. MUNORM.A. ilKNRV Yoi;i.K Hind, Bsq., M. A. i IMAGE EVi LUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 'flllM i2.5 =. 1112 IM IAS M 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 1 ^ a II . \ u 1 V] <^ /i e. Ca. ^ 0?% iW' o /a .^' _ / /; / / /A Photographic Sciences Corporation # •N^ 1. Q^ % .l*^ %^ V. %s'. S &>- teen deposited for the guarded u.sc; of uniuslructed people. It occurred to mo that the duty of a Tru.stee was first to examine the character of the Trust committed to his charge, lest the administration of tht.» Trust might be productive of evil rather than of good, of wrong rather than of right. In the present instance the adijiinistration of the Trust in its ex- isting form as accepted by the Venerable Societies for the Propagation of the Gospel and for Promoting Christian Knowledge, can not fail to be productive of great evil and much injustice, for it encourage* dishonest practices of the most merciless stamp, sudor the cover of Christian Work ; it circulate^s "Knowledge" which though "offic in 1"' is palpably, grossly and cruelly untrue ; it dispenses this "Know- ledge" under a glorious name which is a tower of strength ; it may mislcit'! to sudden death or a maimed life those it uudertakei* tu instruct and guide : and it may shake their faith in the existence (jf Trutu in its most exalted form. As opposed to the present method of enlisting the sympathie** and influence of the Great Societies in favour of emigration to the North- West of Canada, it may be confidently stated that by mean.s of brief and strictly truthful statements concerning all the Pro vinces and Territories of the Dominion, a great and enduring Chris- tian Work might be inaugurated and sustained which would be of lasting benefit to the Empire. 1 have pointedly referred to thi* method of dealing with the subject in my letter to the Lord Mayor of London, dated April 29th, 1882. Isay: — "Meanwhile, I beg respectfully to siiy tliat many thoughtful men will be disposed to believe that no inconsiderable })ortiou of the increasing distrefw which prea^^s upon the helpless and uniustructed poor of this uu- ■ ajMTWnrr i 's . ,9/. tjon, and which must shortly tax your great benevolence to Lii« ufc 't<:'rinost, and perhaps your generous forbearance, has arisen from thu countenance whicli siiciety in England affords to those cultured high officials whose dealings and practices I have outlined in the various documents i-espectfuUy submitted with this communication I may further venture t,o add that measures for the successful eniigration of the unemployed, and the relief of existing and ini pending distress, should be regarded as a problem in science which admits of no practical solution other than that which is based u{K>n the solid foundation of unrestricted and unembellished truth." I do not wish to say or suggejst anything that may be interpreted as imputing aught- but just and humane motives to the individual members of the Tract C'ommittee, (with the exception of Sir Alex. '(Jalt) when preparing or supervising the "Colonists' Handbook," but is it not a legitimate source of surprise that leuch palpable anom;j- lies as I have pointed out should have escaped attention? Is it not surprising that no member of tne Tract Committre. should have taken the trouble to inform himself respecting a sub- ject which concerned the happiness and the lives of multitudes of his fellow-countrymen, and in whii-h he proposed energetically to interfere ? Is it not astonishing that in the representation of such an impor- tant subject, truthful and easily ascertained facts should have been ignored and easily disproved fallacies introduced. The completion of the C/anadian Pacific liailway for instance, and the "projected" Northern Pacific; the "Wheat Area," 370,000 square miles; the manufactured Meteorological Tables, the extent and character of thi- Fertile Soil throughout the vast extent of Manitoba, — 120,000 -square miles ; the anonymous letter from Winnipeg, &c., &c. Is it not an anomaly worth studying, that cultured and christian men of irreproachable character should have been unconsciously induced to volunteer untrue information to uninstructed people respecting emigration, which was designed to serve- the ends of venal promoters and speculators. That they should have btcn. led to circ\ilate this ''information" with the best intentions at- the cost of voluntary subscriptions towards the ctiuse of reJiqwu, not eiuigration. That they should have been persuaded to use the vast inlluencie and great prestige of Venerable Christian Societies, e.s- tablished and sustained for a wholly different puriK)}*, in order to disfnlmt*^ the speculators poison by aid of ministers of religion ami under the suggested sacred influence of "Pbayerkul Attiin •HON r (1) It seems to me that this anomaly is a curious and sug gestive feature of our times. Sir Alexander Gait jKiintedly refew to the action of tlie Vener- able Societies in his official communication to the Hon. J. H. Pop* quot<;fd at the head uf this letter. Sir Alexander (Jalt says, "/ must not forget to my a f«w words in connection with the ar- kion taken hy the. (fhurch Societies vnth regard to the cimtrof. o/ the emigration that w ta/ring place in thi» country." Is it not worth while to (jonsider the nature of the Control and its r«i<:tiag" tendencies which begins with the "Colonwts' Hai^tobook C I ■ i!' ( \J S4i! the tetter (- ander Gait and the Right Honoumble the Earl of Kimberley as Secretary of State for the Colonies, long before the Colonists* Hand- book was issued or even prepai-ed. The receipts of the letters which displayed the imposition were either directly or indirectly acknowledged, and the facts presented were uncontradicted ana not susceptible of disproof. Absolute proof indeed, was pointed out or proffered, yet the Colonists' Hand- book was allowed to be manufactured, publiohed and distributed. The consequences of many venal acts were made clearly apparent, the debauchery of subordinates, the corruption of pubUc servants, the abuse of trust, the scorn of religion, honour and God, were all insisted on, and yet the Colonists' Handbook was conceived, ma- tured and circulated. It can not be doubted that those who assisted in this evil work felt themselves strong in their official pf wi.ion and in the supp'oit they received, until, heeding no warnings and gathering in their gains and honours, they have now dir.wn iimoJwtrances flouttid and profitable fmuds j^ewisf^Ml in under offi- (jial and ppparently venal proUiction. But I see besides all thi-^, thousands of my fellow-countrymen daily misled by outrages to common sense even, imposed upon them, under the miisk of officii-l information ami made powerful by the impress of exalted and ir- reproachable christian names. 1 have to watch the gradual "Iraw- ing towards misery, and in many instances certain death, of hui>.- s no higher function thau that of promoting the nefarious schemes of spwulatOTs and unprin- cipled men. But there is an outgrowing influence to be feared from tins ui'- happy distribution of misleading "information" iinder the auspic^*r- of great names and well deserved renown. It seems to me that there is danger, great danger, of the misr;> presentations of the "Colonists' Handbook" perverting instead oi converting the uninstructed emigi-ant and bringing into disrepu*'- the charitable efforts of really christian men. 'I'hose who have beeT) tempted by the picture it so alluringly draws of the Xorth-Went Territories, to leave their homes and take their chances in that f.r distant and treacherous land, may be led to exclaim concerning the "matter of a religious nature for their guidance," (1) contained 'n\ the Colonists' Handbook : — * "It isn't of any use your asking me to pmy — you wiled! m*; away from the grand old Land to suffer or perish in tl»e winters of thef*e wilds — you ought to have taught me the truth about thew things — ^5an I believe you when you say you are the minister!* ami mes- sengers of God 1" (1) See Sir Alexander Gait'* 'Confeitlon' at the commencement of thU Irti^r. Vi 05, I trust tliat the itiiraniount iinportancH of tho suhjoct of this Id- i«r, coupled with the soeniing dead failure of my earlier etibrts, will not only plead my excuse for thus urgently adclressiug your (jrrucf, but hasten the adoption of remedial measures to counteract the suf- i'ering and injustice which are liable to accumulate from this un- • hecked "Outcome of the l^ambeth Conference." 1 think I am Justitied in tracing the origin of this "Outcome" to the events of the years 1870 and 1871, as described in my printed iti^ter to the Rt. Hon. the Yax\ of Kimberley and the Rt. Hon. Sir Staftbrd H. Northcote, M. I*., as Ex-Governors of the Hudson iJiiy < 'ompany, dated Jan. 30th, 1882, and entitled "The Conspiracy of 1871." Your grace will see from that letter wliat a powerful lever for evil and veiled i)eculation the diplomacy of that period has Ix;- «'ome, probably in consequence of the oath of a member of Her Mn- jesty's most honourable Privy (Jouncil binding to silence those wlio shrink from dishonesty and the semblance even of peculating cral't. But because the oath (1) of a Privy (Jouncillor binds to silenc? and inertia in temporalities, yet it surely cannot be extended so as to affect the beneficent influence of the (Church of an Empire, or tinge the morality and adoration of any of lis ministers, in order to save the reputations of some half dozen reckless men. If Sir Alexander Gait and Sir John Rose, Deputy Governor of the Hudson liay Company, together with the Canadian Royal Com- missioner before referred to, the Canadian Commissioner of Fisli- eries, Colonel Dennis and Professor Macoun, &c., &c., were put into the witness box and fi'Uy cross-examined in relation to the whole matter, (2) the magnitude and tui'pitude of the imposition practised upon the Venerable Church Societies, and t hrough these Societies upon the British Nation, would be thorough- ly understood. These great interests override all other considei-a- tions, for apart from the question of Morality, there haa soon to be faced the question of Subsidized Emigration from a national point of view. (3) It will then be seen how heavy is the responsi- (\) See my publiRhed letter to tlic Governor-General of Canada, dated Feb. 2nil , 1881. in which the oatb of a Canadian Privy Councillor is given. (2) "The sum of the Ivhole matter is thl8:~lRt, A few officials in hish positien con- »>pired to cheat the Government and people of the United ^States in a friendly arbitra- tion, chiefly for seiflgh Hnd mercenary purpusee. To effect tlilH, they have allured o- eroaded 8abordln8te8 to alter Colonial Reoordii of Government ensrmously, and con- coct falfte offlcia! entries yenr by year, compelling the counterfeit veritioatiOD of their work at the proper time, witlti the omlnlon of Canada, wnich assist in building up "Companies," whose ruin (in some cases) is assured, afl^r I'nowing promotndon, March 21st, 1882. (Z) The "ColonistN' Hundbook," tho Canadian Government emigration pamphl'^ts Hud maps, the Hudson Bay Company's recent record, the vast delusions promulgaf^d by theOanudian I'auifiu Itailway Company and other North- West I^nJ bnd llailnfty f 96. biiit.y which pivsHo?' upon IIiosp inisgiiidwl men wlio hiiv»' taken part in iiud profited by the pnictices of dishonest politicians or speci- ous promotorfi, and .'ussitsted in spreading' (h^hiding inforniation broiid- ciist throughout the country. Under existing conditions and dUhcidtie.s (1) in securing open investigation of indictments against public officers or opulent men, not nirtrely is property, cliaracter and even life itself at the mercy of unprinciph'd schemei's, but the highest aims and duties of lift- are made to bi-come subservient to their unchecked purposes, .as manifested by the publication of the "Colonists' HANlrnooK,'' whereby Rkligion and its Ministfrs are converted into instru- ments for spreading deceit and cloaking crime. I think there can be no doubt that swift and earnest measures in- augurated by your Grace would convert growing and seductive evil into fruitful and .salutary good, besides scattering urgent warnings among uninstructed and misled people, along whose path of life the seeds of sorrow and unrest have been so liberall_:f strewn, and before vi^hose longing eyes a tr(!acherous summer goal has been displayed, Avhich hides to young and old a winter's icy crypt. I have the honour to be, '' Your Grace's Obedient Servant, HENRY YOULE HIND. Companies, Sir A. T. Gait's scheme for Irish Einigrallon at tlio cost of 80 pounds ster- ling a family, &c.. &t*.. ouglit all to come under review in tlie ronaidcration of the de tails for a Subsidized Emigration. In the face of what has been done, it is surely wise to consider what may still be accomplished by dishonest hands, and should the na- tion have to pay for the information as well as the land and a part of the cost of re- movinft the emigrants, it is certainly a matter of moment that the "Information" sup- plied should be trustworthy. (\) It was with the utmost difficulty and only by the combined efforts'of a powirfiil Solitical party that the Pacific Scandai, of 1873, whieli resnitifl in the overthrow of , ir J, A. Macdonald's Government at that period, was uiieaitlird. But tlie extent and character of the dislionesty of 18/2 and 1873 are trifliiiK when compared with tli<- Tast turpitnde faintly ontllned in this lettor. ill ■t..'..' . -A. ;"-'■'■, -^i*;' '?',.vC>,/;f;i.i.' - !;> n, > .' "^'H''yJ< ^i-;:-'i:,s|;,-:.^^,:^ <'r ■ /; "; " 'iit'-^: ■; < '( L *';">i-: ";^':^r;-' ! ^>./ ,,v . ,-1^ , ' '''• :'Ui:- 'i ■>'U> APPENDIX. hM mtme I ■•NNa 9S. i APPENDIX I. Thk Socikty von Promoting Chiii.stian Knowi.edgk. NO. I. To the Secretarij of the Hocietij for Promotimj Christian Know^ ledge, Northumberland Avenue, Char my Cross, London, ti. W. Sm : — 1 have roceived a few copies of the "Colonists' Handbook — No. I.," entitled "Canada, containing Statistical and other infor- mation from Government Sources, and useful Counsels to Emi- giants," published under the direction of the Tract Committee of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1882. I regret to recognize in this publication a repi-oduction of som*- of the gross fallacies it has been ray duty to point out in the ac- companying "Correspondence relating to the Emigration of the Un- employed," and the documents referred to in that correspondenc". The description the "Tract Committee" have beenitdvised to giv^- of the "Wheat Area" of the North- West Territories of Canada, namely 370,000 square miles (page 16), is noticed in th» accom- panying printed letter addressed by me to the lit. Hon. the Earl of Kimberley, dated Nov. 5th, 1881. The Meteorological tables on page L'.** form thi' subject of the cui- respondence with the United Stiiies Assistant Secretary of State- j<- ferred to in foot-note No. .3 attached to my letter to the Kt. Hon. the Lord Mayor, dated April 29th, 1882. The Lord Mayor lia« been supplied with copies of the Correspondence with the United States Assistant Secretary of State, concerning the action of the United States Con-sul iu this matter. You will gather from the further pajjers which are transTiiitled with this letter that all the Government sources of information on which the Tract Committee have relied, are wholly untrustworthv in relation to the North- West TeiTitory of Canada, and a reference to the printed letters dated May 27th, 1881, Nov. 5th, 1881, and Nov. 27th, 1881, will satisfy the Committee that this so-called "in- formation" is pai-t of a vast system of misrepresentation, concocted for nefarious purposes, and fully known to Sir Alexander GaU, nearly a year ago. The Committee will recognize in th^w map accorajmnying their "Handbook," one of the falsified maps exposed in my letter to the Earl of Kimberley before cited. The "Prayers for the use of Emigrants," supplied by the Tract Committee, are admirable expositions of Christian Faith and de- pendence, but, when the unhappy emigrant reaches the centre of the "370,000 Square Miles of Wheat Area," and finds out that cut- DO. tmg HUinm**r fro.itc and otlier climatic contiagencit-.s mar the trutli- fulneris of the conclasiom that "From 'I'oronto Westward tlu^ tein p«irature n.snn during the summor months, ) he may bo despairingly l»il to think th.it his faith as a cliriritiuu repuson upon data as unreliable an the reprtriontations the Tract Committee huvn hoen induced t^i advance respecting tlie far off country he h;is h<'»iii Wguiled intM raaking his homo. If the "Tract Committee of the Society for Promoting (^hriatiuit Knowledge" will be so good 23 to direct attention to ihi* aceont- panying documents, they will be able to form some conception, net merely of the degree to which they have been themselves misled, but how vast are the evils which may arise from tlie unchecked pro- gress of the misrepresentations and Frauds it has been my duty to point out, and which 1 must persist in pouiting out. I believe that the public withdrawal by the "Society for I'lonni ting Christian Knowledge" of the "Colonists' Handbook" entitle(} "Canada," with openly and fairly st^ited reasonsfor the withdrawal, would be an immense boon to the country, and, while greatly af' siating the progress of "Christian Knowledge," it would bi'gely teiiMOTiN('r Christian K.vowi.kdgI':, KditGnai aud Publu^hiiuf nepartinent^ '. Ji . Northuiiibfrhnd Avfuve, Vlioriiu] ('ro!W ffJ ■ I . wo. NO. HI. ;,.f » ' : f'oMHToN 11otp:l, Liverpool, May 11th, 1882. Hevi). Sir : — Your letter has been forwarded to me at Liverpool, liotu which pbuH' I sail for (!^aiiada this afUn-noon. 1 am much obliged for your prompt acknowledgement of my commuuication, but, 1 fear that you have not grasped the subject. In a grave matter, voluntarily undortjikctn, and designed to in- ti\ience the lives of very many of your countrymen, it cannot be an apology for the ac(!eptunce and reteid'uni. of palpablo errur as a guide, that the error is ojicial, and must tlierefore be received as if true and promulgated accordingly. If the principle you virtually advocate l>e valid then what be- comes of the Reformation or any reformation ? *' Rulers are not a terror to good works," and truth must not be sacrificed to official- ism. I am further disposed to l^lieve that so far from my business be- ing with Sir Alexander Gait in the matter of your "Colonists' Handbook" and the uninstructed emignint, it is rather — I would rt'spectfully submit —your i)articular business to rectify as speedily ami as openly ari j)os«ible the misleading staUnnents and errors into which the reverend compiler of your Emigj-.ition Handbook lias been unwittingly led. This, to my mind, is the .i^ t and practical view of the subject, and it is the only view, 1 venture to say with submission, whicli can commend itself to the manhood and self-respect of christian men, who luive voluntarily undertaken to guide and direct the un- instructed and confiding emigrant in .search of a new and far dis- tant home. 1 confess that the tenor of your letter, which 1 jiresume was writ- ten on the spur of the moment, has surprised me beyond measure. iMy ufldress is Windsor, Nova Scotia. 1 am, your.r(!i)a'<> i'lM- the iiifurnintion of llie Society for I'roniotinu ('hristiiin Kuovledffe a brief ('X|)Ositiou of the fallacioH which have been inipuserl -.ipun Ihe reverend compiler of the "Colonists' Hand book" entitled "('anada," as well as upun some of the Fellows of the lloyal (Jcioj'i'iiphicul Society, of the Koyal Colonial Inatitute, and sojno of the niend)er.s of tip' ^lansioii House Coniinittoe for the "Kmigration of the dneniployed," top;etlier with the Imperial (.'olo- nial Oihce, the Consul of the United .Slates at Winnipeg, und other bodies and persons, wlio have been misle)"! by the ijerperratorn and patrons of the misrepresentations and fraiuls it has been incumbent upon me to jjoint out. The system puiwued in relation to these misrepreneutations, the object in view, the causeR of present success and the difficulties of meeting and neutralizing resulting evils, are, jointly, of such mag- nitude as to di.-mand exhaustive inquiry. Vou will clearly under- stand that my statements relate to the falsifications patronized anil circulated by spc^culators and promoti-rs under so-called Govern- ment authority and couutouance. They have no reference what- ever to that excellent and much needed Missionary work in the North- Werft Territory of Canada, it is the beneficent oftice of thn Society and the tlut}'' of its members and servants to aid to the ut- most. I am informed that the Rev. J. Kridgcn', of St. Nicholas Church. Liverpool, who, 1 am given to understand, is the compiler of the Colonists' Handbook, entitled "Canada," is ^ksent from Liverpool, thus precluding fui-ther particular, which must be resor\'«d for a future oooision. My address will be, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 1 have the lionour to be, '''" " ' Vuur Obedient .Servant, ''■ • Hfaky Yuulk HinW Th?: Ri'ivc. (•ANON .). Stewap.t, iSrtor* taiy .Soc'y. for Pru. (Mnistian Knowledge, Liverpool. \ ■■tr: APPENDIX If. TuR LuHD Ma VOU of Londo.n. NO. L To the Right II'>iiourab/e the Lord Ma;ivt\ Mu)iii>0('» fully to solicit your Jx>rdship's iitNiiition ta the accompanyinjT letter iuldrossed by me to the Editoi-ut the"Not- tiiififham (Inai-dian," in which I i-efcr to the delusions imposed upon t lie British Public by Sir A. T. Gait, Sir John Hose and Mr. Geo. Srophcn. I received yesterday a despatch from the Assistant Secrettviy of St;it« of the United States, (lated March 25th, 1882, jofei-ring to further misrepresentations of the climate of Manitoba and the North West Territories of Canada imposed upon the United States (Con- sul at Winniijeg, and in part copied into the Colonial Office Pamphlet under cii-cnuistiinces of serious character, fo)- whicli Sir A. T. Gait mvist be held responsible. Mr. J. C liancroft I>avi8 informs me that tlie tiibie in ^juestion lias been referred by the United States Government, pursuant io my request, to Professor f^iird of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington. it is a misleading and grossl}' de«;eiving meteorological represeU'^ lation, and will jirolmbly be publicly exposed undei the authority of the United States Government. I am convinced that your Uordship and those wiiose iil)undant fharity is invoked to assist the unemployed in London, will not luisinterpret the motives whicli lead me to hope that youi' lx)r(K .ship will insist ujton oi)en and full investigation of the matter of my publislied letter before furtlier action is taken- in your benevo- lent effort' IS far as the Canadian Pacific Kail way of ( 'anada is con- cerned. Such etioris, however, kindly meant and directed would probably lead to sad ''■■•,-■■...' 1 ''.■"• . Nottingham, 14th April, 1882. My Lord : — In further reference to the subject of my letter of the 12th inst. and the appeal made by your Lordship to the public in the papers of to-day, I have the honour to transmit a copy of each of the following named documents relating to the subject of misrepresentations of the North- West Territories of the , Dominion of Canada. ' " '^ '■\«'i.'. ,»• *:■!*• U' ;■,>.■... .^^ j* \>u,,iii^i ■: ^> ^Uv J' 1.— €or.t^ of a despatch from the Assistant Secretary of tbe Die partment of State of the United States, dated Washington, U. S., March 26th, 1882. , 2. — Beply to the same, dated Nottingham, England, April 13th, 1882. 3. — Copy of Editorial Qommentt in the Nottingham Daily Guar- dian on the subject of a letter referring to Emigration to Canada^ &c., with copy of the letter. The three persons I have named and to whom I specially refer in these communications are Sir A.^ T. Gait, Sir John Hose and Nfr. Geo. Stephen. They were present either personally or by de puty at the, Mansion House meeting on Apiil 5th, invoking the boundless charity of your vast city in sending the unemployed of London about 2000 miles into the interior of the North American Continantto assist in building the Canadian Pacific Railway. These thr^e persons are the leading representatives of the thjree "Corporations'* named in my published letter to the Kott^ham Daily Guardian. The Hudson's Bay Company ; the Canadian Pa. cific Railway Company and the Government of Canada with its aumeroUB ^^Compajiy" adjuncts. "/ ; ;,"'' '^ "-! ''t; , ''(\'r ^ They are the deputies of the Land Owners to be' benefitted hj the sale of the lands they have combined to misrepresent. I am II: . I mm the sole and enforced custodian of abaolute proof of unexampled turpitude, pavti'jularly on the part of Sir A. T. Gait, in regard to the Canadian Pacific Railway and these misrepresented lands. No other person posscbses this proof, I have Ions chart^ed Sir A. T. Gait with participation in neftiri- ous proceedings and projects in relation to the North West Territories of Canada. Tie shuns and flees from meeting me and from inquiry. He uses the irifluence of his position to avoid that which the first dictates of honoat" ^vould compel him to seek. I have come to England to stop his career and that of his allies, together with their probabl^^ sheltered reproduction of the Glasgow Bank distress, or the miseries created by the "Big Swollen Gambler" of 1846. No risk of personal discomfort or privation, no weariness of la- bour, will deter me from every lawful means and efforts to expose the machinations of these three men and particularly SirA.T. Gait. So vast is the influence for evil of the schemes in which they are engaged, and so ruinous to most but themselves and friends is the result likely to be, if unchecked, that I respectfully claim the right, as the sole custodian of the proof of their delinquencies, to be pub- licly and fully heard, not merely in the interests of the "unem- ployed in London" but for the sake of Emigrants, Investors, Bro- kers and the Public generally, who are certain to be seriously in- jured when this three-fold bubble bursts, apart from the vast con- cealed immorality it is spreading far and wide. I only ask to be openly and fully heard and my proofs examined to save thousands from ruin and tens of thousands from distre.s8. You have thought tenderly and kindly for the "unemployed in London," may I not say a word in favour, of the vaster claims of ihe employed % The simple fact that the men who are injuring so- ciety and the country to enrich themselves, make use of every con- ceivable artifice and influence to shun open inquiry and crush my eflbrts, is condemnation iteelf. If they possessed a spark of moral courage or a glimmer of honesty they would not' merely court, but they would demand full and open investigation. ^^ ^ 0^--.!:: I have the honour to be, ^^^ <■ Your Lordship's Obt. Servant, Henry YouLB Hind. NO. IV. To J. C. Bancroft Davis, Esqr., Assistant Secretary , Department of State, Washington, U. S. .', iZhlncCi ,^*:wiji*:/i Nottingham, England, 12th April, 1882. j . Sir : — 1 have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your let- ter with enclosures, dated Washington, March 25th, 1882, forward- ed to me from Windsor, Nova Scotia. I have i-ead the enclosed despatches Nos. 333 and 334, addressed to you by Mr, Consul Taylor, but I find in them no reason to W5, change the opinion expressed in an earlier communit^tion that Mr. Consul Taylor had been imposed upon. I observe that in his despatch No. 333, Mr. Taylor does not name the years whose mean temperntures at different stations he is made to compare, and I fear he has been a second time misled. He gives with fidelity no doubt, the names of his scattered and irresponsible authorities, but he assigns no reason why he selects these gentle- men in preference to the official and coirected records of the Toron- to Magnetical and Meteorological Observatoiy, and the records c* the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, which disprove his •lonclusions. I notice also tliat Mr. Consul Taylor continues to refer in his voluminous essay on the climatological features of the vast Nortm- VVest to Mr. Lorin Blodget as his chief authority, whose work is more than 20 years old, and Mr. Taylor does not heed the numer- ous and systematic meteorological observations since made, «.nd ol- ticially recorded at Washington and Toronto, which go far also to disprove his conclusions. 1 have further observed that Mr. Consul Taylor does not notice the positive opinions based upon personal observations of the TTnited States Chief Astronomer of the Boundary Commission, expressed on page 49 of his official report to the Department of State, re- specting the limits of possible settlement ne<»r the 49th parallel, and the climatic cause of that enforced limit. It seems to me that Mr. Taylor has been induced to quote favour- able bits '^1 intelligence with which his friends have supplied him, but he fails to make any allusion to the adverse official testimony, easily accessible, which i» both abundant and conclusive in its (tharacte*. I leem with much satiRfaotios that the Department of State has submitted Mr. (Consul Taylor'i Meteorological Tables to Professor Baird. These Tables have been widely and officially circulated in England, as well as the extremely favourable and seductive erro- neous conclusions attributed to Consul Taylor. I fear that the imposture practised upon the United States Con- sul, (who, as I nave stated in a prior communication, is clearly not a scientific observer or writer, otherwise he would not speak of "de- grees and minutes" as applied to thermometric registei's,) is a part of a vast system of concerted fraud I am now endeavouring to ex- pose and counteract in England. With this view I have had occa- sion to inform the Lord Mayor of London of the receipt of your despatch announcing that the Meteorological Tables supplied by Consul Taylor are to be submitted to Professor Baird, and I en- close a copy of ray communication to the Lord Mayor. I do not now doubt that the whole matter of concerted fraud and misrepresentation I have been long endeavouring to arrest will re- (ieive open and searching investigation in the interests of investors, bondholders, emigrants and the public generally. Indeed, were 1 to suppose it could be v jrwise in England, I should be compelled to imagine that Englishmen were under the thrall of a few decora- ted and moneyed men without principalor morality, and that organ- ized crime was sheltered by the glamour of position and the iniflu- i.i vms ,1 m: H.!: [| /oe. Rnce of wealth. .•••v> . ^ ^ I have the honour to be, ' ■' Your Obedient Servant, HeMRT YOULE HiKD, APPENDIX III. Printed Letter to the Rt. Hon. Earl Granville, K. G., AND — ,• ■" The Rt. Hon. the Earl op Kimbbrlbt. Dated May 27th, 1881. ( Herewith transroitted.) • APPENDIX IV.* Printed Letter to the Rt. Hon. Earl Granville, K. G- ivui >..u Dated London, March 2l8t, 1882. .""' . ' ' ' (Herewith transmitted.) . ,} ;7r: . > • - , <■>■> Vm. ortm ' li ],, .^^u.. *Frinted and circulated in England. This letter led to the iiacowy of certain transactione relating to the aoddea fall and expected rise of Hudson Bay Stock in MarcU and April last. . •■'" '"'■■- ■ APPENDIX V. '-"■ ■■ ■'"'■'■' V pRiN lED Letter to the Rt. Hon. the Earl ok Kimberlev . Dated Nov. 18th, 1881. Arso Correspondence between Mr. Hind and Col. di Winton, Governor General's Secretary ; Mr. Hind and the Secretary of State for Canada. (Herewith transmitted.) ^?:e.iT.«Lf? . i'itl' ' .^J , APPENDIX VI.* Correspondence Relating TO the . EMiQRATipif .qf thj^Un* — employed. g v&v.Dd hioi iili im nt »4 ,i^i-i ^Printed and circulated in Ergland. NO. L To the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor of London ; His Emiw ence Cardinal Manning ; the Lord Bishops qf Bed/wd and Rochester; anc^the Members of the Mansion Hoitae Gommittee /Qr, Promoting the Emigration oj the Unemployed. : « «« My l^RDs :— Sir A. T. Gait, G. G. M. G., has thought it con- W7, veuiont to leave England without venturing to notice the Roatent« of the communications hereafter introduced, and to state to me in nriting hia intention of so doing. This is equivalent to a public defaulter seeking immunity and escape from trial dioA punishment on account of the accident of his position, and the laxity of public interest or prosecution. It is, however, the last resource of cowardice and guilt ; and I claim Sir A. T. Gait's speechless flight as not merely affording sa- tisfactory evidence of the full truth of all my allegations against him and bis allies, but also as a tacit naming of the hour when ti becomes my duty to give these letters to th« public, and pursue further measures of warning. The copies of the endcsu/eu referred to in the communications I have had the honour to address to the Lord Mayor, which are de- posited in London, iNottingham and elsewhere, are not fittdd in their present oonditioh to point out a tithe of the dangers youi Lordships have escaped of becoming thp dupes of decorated schemen, or the potent but unconscious instruments for concealing great crimes. Therefore, I shall make it a further duty at an early day to un- oiask the councils of these fugitive men, and point to some of those who have been entlrapped in their vnares, and, being too weak to escape, are following the dishonouring groove of profitable fraud ftnd. limited liability. The closing paragraph of Sir Alexander T. Gait's letter relates io the communication I had the honour to address to the Honourable Earl Granville, on the 2l8t March, 1882. Sir A. T. Gait's flight leaves his case in a position so utterly hope- less and self-condemning that it will be incumbent upon me, in the interests of public safety, to communicate copies of this correa pondence to the exalted authorities named and concerned in the matters to which my letter to Earl Granville related. ! » ^''''i^fpr '^r ^ ^*^® ^^ honour to be, Yo)ir Obedient Servant, Henry YouLB Hind, M. A. 17, tark ValUy, Noitiiiyhamy May Mh, 1882. Right NO. II. I, Protest against Sir A. T. Galt's Fliohi prom Knoi.anh without Answbring Charobs. * V ,ii ll'IOW y»: "to IvJOo- To the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, Mamurn Hom^e, Ijondon. My Lord : — I read the announcement made by Sir A. T. Gait at* the recent meeting ^ *he Mansion House Committoc respecting bin immediate depastuce for Canada without eurpriae, although I think that he ou^t not to leave the country before he answers in full my charges,: and I respectfully protect against his sudden flighf< from inquiry. This protest is the natural sequence oi the lettea», with enclosures,' I l»d thi* honour to sddtesfr to your iK^rdship on W8, n ■>> ?«T- thi' 12th and 14th April, ii8 enumerated below. (1) 1 trust that your Lordship will \»i vsatisfied that the I'ear of 8ir A. T. (r.'iit to meet me face to face in open and unrestricted Court, uf. in any free public discussion, concerning his conduct during the pa,st four years, as indicated and represented in the letters named iii llic margin (2) is sufficient indirect evidence of his participation in unlawful, unpatriotic, and money seeking acts and operations. 1 may a 'o hope that the' increasing succe&s of my efforts and warnings, a recently evinced by the failure of the Mansion House Committee to attain the end for which their benevolence, jointly with that of your Lordship, has been so cruelly enlisted by Sir A. T. Gait and his allies, affords additional illustration of the weight, uf my charges, and the evils they are intended to couii;eract. I see in the collapse of the work in which the Mansion House Committee has been induced cO engage, the birth of higher aim.s litted to enlist, and better methods suitable to direct the l>enevol- ence of your I^ordship and some of those who constitute the Man- sion House Committee, when freed from the presence of the origi- nators of the recent movement to promote the emigration of the un- employed in connection with the Canadian Pacific Railway. I presume that the misleading representations made by Sir A. 'I'. ( Jalt and his allies of Bartholomew House and Fenchurch Street, tioin time to time, will now begin to be understood by the public, together with their intrigues from the date when the scheme of Mr. < 'yril Graham, of the Hudson Bay Company, as foreshadowed on ]>age 96 of the Blue Book, entitled "Correspondence relative to the the ("Canadian Pacific Railway," (3) was first presented to mtmbers of the Canadian Government in 1871. (4) A correct knowledge of these intrigues and a forecaat of the ex-- pjsuije which mupt necessarily follow, may lead to the adoption of wise and unselfish methods for bettering the condition and means of the uninstructed and sell-helpless poor, and for the systematic relief of the unemployed. It is indeed a marvellous "omen of better times," that the eui turt;(l and decornted accessories to vast misreprosentition, who wear the insignia with the legend '^ay.spicmm melioris cevi" should ap pea)' before the people of England in the role of Apostles of Bene voleuce, and meet with the icy scorn of silent unbelief. I shall now shortly close my .second visit to England for the pur pose of unmasking vast misrepresentation and unexampled fraud, i)ut before my departure I desire respectfully to place inyoucLord ship's hands, in common with others, a record of my work in ^'is (1) No. 1, dated Nottingbam, April 12, 1882. No. 2. dated N^ottiDghara, April 12, with eucloaure*. No. 3, dated Nottingham, April 14. with enclosures M foUow»:— (a), C^y of* (lespatuh from the Aitsittant Secretary of. the Dopartment of 4Utc, United 8t»tea, mI- dressed to Mr. tienry Youle Hiud, :ind dated Wadhington, U. 8., March 25, Utfi. (6). ropy of reply to tb« same, by Mr. Hind, dated Nottingham, 12th April. IMS. (c) Copy ut' editorial from Nomngluim Daily Guardian, on the aobjeat of ft letter refer-^ ring to Kmigration to Canada, &c., Acc, with a copy of the letter referred to. (2) Vide acoonipanying printed copies of letter* and doeomeBte. particntarly ooe Uated May 27, 1881, and tboae sinoe that date. (3) PreHented March, M14. See alio the r-ause of this In(|uiry aiMl ita retalta, a« r«- forded ID the xame Blue Book. (4) 8ee arcompanyiDg priikted letter, dated .Ian. .10, 1813, for an outline of thi* ■eheme. ii wo. relation, ^5) to which, in its entirety, and not in detached part-^, 1 may require at some future time to appeal. I do thid, not merely as the basis of my present representation, but to show, as is my right, that I have strictly pursued my work openly and fearlessly, without partisauship or hidden motive, care- fully avoiding any ground whatever far jii«t reproach or lulsleading imputation'. It is more than probable that events will soon hap- pen compelling reference to these documents, aud from them it will be seen on whom the grave onus must lie of refusing, or ne- glecting, to look at proffered proofs of gross misrepresentation and much dishonour, (in all particulars complete), in time to prevent painful or disa8tro':.8 consequences. Meanwhile, I beg respectfully to nay that many thoughtful me» will be disposed to believe that no inconsiderable portion of the in- creafting distress which presses upon the helpless and uninstructed poor of this nation, and which must shortly tax your great bene volence to the uttermost, and perhaps your generous forbearance, has arisen from the countenance v hich society in England affords to those cultured high officials whose dealings and practices I have outlined in the various document'' respectfully submitted with thi.s communication. I may further venture to add that measures for the successful emigration of the unemployed, and the relief of existing and im pending distress, should be regarded as a problem in science which admits of no practical solution other than that which is based upon the solid foundation of unrestricted and unembelliahed truth. I have notified Sir A. T. Gait of the tmnsmission of this letter to your Lordship, and of m, ' protest against his leaving the coun- try at this juncture, also thi,t it will be incumbent upon me, for obvious reasons, to give this letter to the public at the proper timt*. ."Vj.t,,; T'l have the honour to be, , , ^' ■ Your TiOrdship's Obt. Servant, Henry Youlb Hind. Formerly in charge of the Canadian Asfihinboine and Sofikatchp- wan Exploring Expedition. Inns of Court Hotels High Holbom, Lo}idon,AprfI29th, 188± ■\ .V.^.^s "■ NO. III. .; Inns of CJourt Hotel, High Holborn, London, April 29th, 1882. To Sir Alexander T. Gait, (I. C. M, G., High Cont.7n.issioner for Canada. Sir :: — I have the honour to inform you that 1 have this day transmitted to the Ix)rd Mayor of London a letter with enclcsuies^ (5) Sm letter dated AairuM 3ad, USl, And previoui and iubnequent l^ttera in the accompany iny packet. in in which I have respoctluUy protested against your leaving the country aa announced, without formally and fully replying to th« various charges I have made from time to time relative tc your pub lie conduct during the past four years. I have also intimated to his Ix)rd3hip that it will be incumbent upon me, for obvious rea- sons, to give my communication to his Ijor'^hip to the public at ihe proper urae. 1 have the honour to be, " ' ; '.\ Your Obedient Servant^ , , Hbnby Youlb Hi.vd; NO. rv. DOMINION OF CANADA. I' p ^.•- , Ow: R or THE High CoMMisBioNBH, • 9, Victoria Chambbrs, 1x)Ndon, H, VS?., 3rrf May, 18«2. 8m : — Sir Alexander Gait desires me to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 29th April, and to inform you that be does not propose to take any notice of the communications to which yo>j refer. The advantages of the Great North West are, Sir Alexander con- siders, sufficiently proved by the large emigration thither from tb© Province of Ontario, and Canada generally, and by the success of the settlers. Respecting the other matters alluded to in your so called '"'charges," Sir Alexander does not at present int-end to add any- thing to what he has already written. T am. Sir, vv ^y;; vv . Your obedient servant, >"^^>^ - ^ \iV.i\.x< . (Signed) Jas. GL Coi.mkr. Prof. H. Y. Hind, Inm of Court Hotel, High Holborn. .^ ■■;j r.fV;! 111. APPEAI.. ^ Appkal to Ministers of RB[iio:oN and tub Public Press. 4.t the earliest possible moment I propose to publish f\ large an- notated and c^iTCcted edition of this letter for circulation in the United Kingdom, the United Statos and Canada. The magnitude of the impending disti o.:s warranto and indeed demands this course. I respectfully solioit the countdnance and assistance of ministers of all denominations in its circulation, particularly those of the Anglican Communion in Europe and America, whose christian ef- forts have been so cruelly and designedly abused by Sir Alexander Gait and his merciless allies. The impress of the Great Church Sociel-y under who