CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Instituta for Historical IMicroraproductiont / inttitut Canadian da microraproductions hittoriquas TiBchnical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. n Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur D D D D D n D D Covers damaged / Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur^ et/ou pellicula Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps / Cartes g^ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material / Reli^ avec d'autres documents Only edition available / Seule Edition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure sen^ peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge int^rieure. Blank leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / Use peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmtes. Additional comments / Commentaires suppl^mentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6\6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibli- ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m^tho- de normale de filmage sont indiqu^s ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages / Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommag6es D Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages rcstaur^s et/ou pellicu!6es Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / Pages d^olor^es, tachet^es ou piques I I Pages detached / Pages d6tach6es I v/| Showthrough / Transparence I I Quality of print varies / D D D Quality in^gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6X6 filmtes k nouveau de fa^on k obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont filmdes deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. Thia Ham la flMiwd M ttw raduction ratio ohMind Mow / Co doeumant aat filinA au taux da rMuedon Indlqirt cMaaaoua. lOx 14x llx 22x 26x 30x J 12x 16x 20x 24x atx 32x Th« copy filmed hrnrrn has b««n rsproducad thanks to th« gcnarosity of: National Library of Canada Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quaiity poatibia considaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract apacificationa. Original copiaa in printad papar covars ara fllmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illu.tratad ••"»»'••- sion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illustratad Impraa- sion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad imprassion. Tha last racordad frama on aach •"•e"»flcha shall contain tha symbol -» ••"••"'"« ^SS-m TINUED"). or tha symbol ▼ Imaaning tno i. whichavar appliaa. Maps, platas. charts, ate. may ba fllmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to bo antiraly includad in ona axpoaura tf *»n\»o baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar. laft to right and top to bonom. as many framas aa raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha mathod: 1 2 4 % L'axamplair* film* fut rtproduit gric* * la giniroait* da: Bibllothoque nationale du Caxiada Las imagas tuivantas ont *t* raproduitas avac la plus grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at da la nanat* da I'axamplaira film*, at an conformity avac laa conditions du contrat da filmago. Las axamplairas originaux dont la couvartura an papisr ast ImprimAa sent filmaa an commancant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant toit par la darniAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'improssion ou d'illustration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la caa. Toua las autras axamplairas originaux sont filmAs an commandant par la pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraasion ou d'iliustration at an tarminant par la darniiro paga qui comporta una talla •mprainto. Un daa symbolaa suivants apparaitra sur la darni«ra imaga da chaqua microfiche, salon la cas: la symbols -» signifia "A SUIVRE", la aymbolo ▼ signifia "FIN". Las cartaa. planchaa. tablaaux. ate. pauvant atra filmta i das Mux da reduction diff«rants. Lorsqua la documant aat trop grand pour *tra raproduit an un saul ciich*. il ast film* k partir da I'angla sup*riaur gaucha. da gaucha A droita. at do haut an baa. an pranant la nombra d'imagaa n«cassaira. Laa diagrammaa suivants illustrant la mOthoda. MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2) A APPLIED IN/HGE '653 Cost Mam Street Rochester, New York U609 USA (716) 482 - 0300 - Phone (715) 288 5989 - Fq* MAXIMUM CROPS— 1917 BY W. L. Graham, H.S.A.. Asuwtant Field Hmhandman. In other words, " The greatest yield ciu the greutt-jt anii which we c»n properly sow, cultivate and harvest," should, in an espwinl way, he Diir motto and watchword for 1917. Our part of .he task is to provide nature with the most favourable medium in which to carry on her work of germination and growth. To do this, we must pay earnest attention to devote our \ery best effort to all factors affecting crop yields. We must, therefore, look ahead and plan. Each part of our equipment of seeds, machinery and power demands its share of attention. Then, with everything in readi- ness, with the spirit to "do our bit" as well as we possibly can and better than ever before, we shall be prepared to accomplish our aim. To do the best work all must he in readiness for the rush. We are ready for the rush when — POWER. When the horses are in condition — well fed, exercised, hardy, mated, harnessed properly; use three, four or five or even six hone teams where possible. IMPLEMENTS. When the implements are repaired; repair parts on hand for emergencies; wider, larger, new machines set up. Don't forget the grease and oil. SEED. When the seed grain is cleaned, graded, and bagged, you should treat it for smut. The cost is low; it takes little time and results in larger yields. Always treat wheat and oats. Do it this way: — Blaestone solution. — 5 pounds commercial blue stone to 50 Imperial gallons of water. Formalin solution. — 1 pound formaldehyde (normal strength) to 4(1 Imperial gallons of water. Steeping method. — In bluestone sf)lution, immerse grain not loss than two minutes — not more than three minutes. In formaldehyde solution, not leas than four minutes and not more than five minutes. DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. J. H. GRISOALE, B.Agr., Director. W. L. GRAHAM, B.S.A. Assistant Field Husbandman. 17165b SPECIAL CIBCI < JL No. 2. P liiliM^^ Sprinklings method. — Heap grain on clean floor. Sprinkle either solution over it with broom or can ; mix well ; 40 gallons will treat 40 to 50 bushels of grain. When using bluestonc, spread out to (]• at once after mixing; form grain into pile when using formaldehyde, and cover tliree hours with bags — then spread out and dry. Moist grain cannot feed the drill as freely as dry grain ; adjust your drill. Note. — For detailed information on subject, ask for Exhibition Circular 24 or Experimental Farms Bulletin 73, Publications Branch, Ottawa, Ontario. Stiitable seed com is scarce. — Secure a supply at once. Qet it on the cob, if possible, so that you can select it. We know of limited supplies and, upon request, would be glad to give you parti- culars. Canadian-grown clover, alfalfa, and root seed is best.— This year there is a plentiful supply. Good seed is (a) of strong vitality, (fc) free from noxious weed seeds. You can test its vitality at home. It is interesting to note results. To the eye, a sample of seed may appear good. A test may disappoint you. Try it this way : — Count out a hundred kernels the run of the grain, sow in some of your own soil in a shallow box placed in a sunny window and keep at a comfortable living-room temperature. Keep soil damp but not wet, note the growth for two weeks. If only part of the seeds germinate or if the plants grow very slowly, it will be necessary to sow proportionally more seed to the acre. Is it free from weeds?— Have a test made YBLEE OF CHABOE by sending a representative sample to the Dominion Oovernment Seed Laboratories, Ottawa. A report of purity and vitality of the seed will be returned to you. The right amount of seed per acre is very important. No set amount can be stated, suited to all conditions. Following rates of seeding are a "juide: — FOR ONE ACRE Corn for ensilage, 20 to 30 poundn. Corn for srain, IS to 20 pounds. Swedes (drills), 2 to 4 pounds. Mangels, 6 to 10 pounds. Wheat, li to 13 bushels. Barley, 2 to 2i bushels. Rye, 1 to 1} bushels. Buckwheat, 3 to 1} bushels. Oats (depending o) size), 2 to 3 bushels. Peas (depending on size). 2i to 3 bushels. Peas and oats (mixed) for grain (oats, S to 21 bushels; pea«, 1 to 1} bushels). Peas and oats for green feed or hay (equal parts by weight at the rate of 3 to 4 bushels per acre). Alfalfa, 20 to 30 pounds. Clovers and grasses, 1.5 to 20 pounds (in varying proportion according to condition of soil, location, cropping system and purpose). Potatoes (npcording to sixe), 12 to 20 bushels. SEEDINO HINTS FOE BEST BESUITS. GRAIN. Fall-ploughed sod and fall-disced or fall-ploughed root, corn, and potato land are most suitable. Fall ploughing, disc harrowing, drag hiii wing, rolling, drilling and drag harrow- ing arc operations necessary to complete seed-bed preparation and seeding. When the seed-bed is considejed just right, give an extra stroke of the harrow. More cultivation means bigger crops. What is a good seed-bed? It is suitably rich, mellow, uniformly level, fairly fine at the surface but firm below. Example : Well-prepared sod, hoed and cultivated land. 4CMH9t \ 1 After ploughing, the disc harrow is the most suitnhlc iinph'inoiit for preparing tlie 8et>d-betl. Some tyi)es are more suitable than others. Double disc harrows are now being used to six-ed up this op*"-- '"n, lower the cost and ensure a tliorouglily j pulverized surface soil. K What is it like? This harrow consiM^ of two disc liarrows, one in front .if the 11 other, cutting, the one with an in-throw and the other with an out-throw. It reiiuires " from three to six horses to operate, depending on size of machine and horses. It saves at least one man. You have a roller, employ it wisely. It is generally used to put the finishing touch to seeding operations, whereas its chief value is for firming and crumbling the soil previous to seeding. On light soils it is essential to use the roller immediately after seeding, but it should lie followed by the dras harrow to stir the smooth surface; in other words to restore the mulch, to cheek evaporation of moisture. / The roller should not be used on damp soil, clay especially ; first allow the surface to dry, after which, rolling will have a beneficial effect by breaking the crust and making the necessary mulch. Rolling wlien the grain is a few inches high is some- times advisable. It helps firm the soil and breaks the crust, as before stated. Seed drills of modem make are worth the money. The disc drill is popular and efficient. Use as large a size as conditions warrant. A large machine lowers the cost of seeding. Most drills are abused. Oil well and protect from the weather. HOED CROPS. Clover sod or pastures, manured and turned under, leave the soil in excellent condition for the production of fon^e crops such as roots or corn. For roots, fr'l preparation is advisable. Plough shallow in early August, roll, cultivate, and deep fall plough. Continue these operations in the spring until a deep fine mellow seed-bed is made. Sow mangels as early as practicable. Tkere are two [jopular methods of seeding : (a) flat or level, (h) drill. By the flat or level method rows are u&aally made 3*5 inches apart. This plan of seeding may be employed to advantage in a dry soil where it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory germination of the seed. By the drill method, the rows are made 28 inches apart. It facilitates hoeing and cultivating, especially in the early part of the season, when tliese oi)erations are most difficult to perform, but absolutely necessary. Swedes are sown early in June in drills 28 inches ai)art. The surface soil should be kept stirred and free from weeds from the start. The wheel hoe is indispensabje early in the season, for the two purposes mentioned. CORX FOB KXSILACE. Com will grow on any well drained and well manured soil. Good methods are essential. Heavy, well-drained clay will give good results, fall ploughed. Spring ploughing is, for average soil conditions, advisable. Plough rather shallow — four to five inches deep — according to soil, turning a flat score, roll and disc or drag harrow at once if possible, and continue these opera- tions until the seed-bed is deep, level and fairly fine. Plant early in May when the weather and soil have become warm. Com requires considerable heat for rapid germination and {prowth, which is essential for the success of the crop. There are two common methods of planting: (o) hills, (6) drills. The hill method is advisable for fields foul with persistent weeds, whereby the maximum amount of power cultivation can be employed to best advantage. Thj liills should be not less than three feet apart each way and three vigorous plum- pip hill arc anipk-. The drill system oi planting is satisfactory for ordinary conditions. Planting the rows .'ij feet apart, with plants seven to nine inches distant in the row, IS conducive to the pn.diKtion of -a crop satisfactory as to quality and quantity. Maintain a nuileh from ph utinu time. I->e a litfht drag or slant tooth harrow until the plants are al.out to a. .pear al)ov.. Rrdund, discontinue harrowing until the plants nre thre<' to f.,i.r i.ir-lies hi^'li, tlicn the harrow mav he used again to form a mulch, destroy weeds and weed si-eds and thin the plants in the row if too thick. AlKADOWS. New meadows especially if exposed to prolonged action of frost arc usually bene- fited by rollijig when dry cnotigli to carry the horses. Rolling firms the roots in the soil and tlius aids them in becoming strongly established. Hare sjwts in otherwise good stands, should be seeded when the frost is honey- combing the surface soil. Tiie action of the frost will provide sufficient covering for the seed. CKOP ROTATIONS. Crop failures in IftiO were common. Many farmers had fairly good returns. There were reasons for the success of these energetic business-like, progressive Farmers. They were fortified against adverse conditions by the employing of reliable methods during the pi. ; number of years. Their land is underdrained, crop rotation and suitable cultural methods are employed, stock raising is a main issue, manure is conserved and applied to best advantage, and leguminous crops are grown. Crop rotations, coupled with judiciojjs cultural metl )ds, are most important for a successful harvest every > 'ar. The following features of our crop-rotation work would seem to be among the most important factors making toward profitable results: — (1) flotations always comprise hoed, cereal and forage crops. (2) Crain fields are always seeded down with clover, even though it be used only as a fertilizer. (3) (irass and clover secdings are heavy. Increased crops of hay a--! rare failures of a catch have justified this practice. • (4) Hoed crops form a large portion of every rotation. An attempt to farm a small area without a hoed crop was not successful. Weeds could not readily be kept in check. (5) No field is left in hay for more than two successive years. Our records show that the second crop almost always costs more per ton than the first, and that suc- ceeding crops are very likely to be grown at a loss. (6) Barnyard manure is applied frequently in comparatively small quantities, rather than at long intervals in large (piantities. Eotations have been in operation for eighteen years on the Central Farm Ottawa, and for a number of years on the Branch ExperimentjJ Farms and Stations of every province. Inquiries regarding rotations addressed to the Dominion Field Husbandman, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, will receive careful and immediate attention. Publi.hed by direction of Hon.MARTIN BURRELL, Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont.