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1
urnwi ixiira ^
-BEING-
A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION INTO THE
STUDY OF THE CHIPPEWA
LANGUAGE.
-BY-
y. -^Attf4-o^it<^nv ffe^tvay/ii 0. ^. Jft.
— OF-
ASHLAND. WIS.
HOLT CHILDHOOD SCHOOL PRINT,
Harbor Springs, Michigan.
1901.
IT may be asked: Why this work on the
Chippewa language? Have we not already
a most excellent work on that language.
Bishop Baraga's graramer? ^Can anything
better be composed or can anyone improve
his work? I unhesitatingly reply: Bishop
Baraga's grammar is per^^ct V its way^
AS a theoretical grammar of the Chiooewa
an^uage it can hardly^f at all be equalled^.^Bat
Ph/™ theoretical. What the student of the
Chippewa language wants is a more practical in-
troduction into the knowledge of said language.
;, tlT^^^ language can never be learned from
tii^/ f *^^?'«t^cal grammar. The Ollendorf Me-
tl\i ^'r°«^ ^^^ ^"^^* ^t ^ time and illustrat-
7ivih?ytl,'^^1 practical exercises is undoubt-
dve^lv .Lrf-""^*^"^ °^ acquiring in a compara-
tively short time a practical knowledge of a liv-
«f..n.^°^"^p- ^' .'■^S^"^^ *»»« dead, classical,
languages of antiquity the case may bi different
as they are not intended primarily to be TS/
but to be read, understood^ and written In them
the main organ to be used is the eye. In living
languages the ear is the most import^ait organ t5
be used as not written words, but /iV/W foundf
ivords spoken have to be learied. Hencf the nel
cessity of frequent vocal exercises.
Nature teaches the child how to soeak hv
prompting it to imitate the sound of word/
"the'rs ^For'Thl'n ''^ "^^ ^^ ''' -^theT and
others. For the first seven years of its life al-
most all its knowledge of language comes
through the medium of the ear and comparative-
ly little through the eye by books.
We have studied Baraga's grammar for years
and it is this defect in his method of teaching,
namely the want of numerous practical exercises
that we have noticed and felt all along. We
came to know the theory of the Chippewa lan-
guage better than any of the Indians we met
with, none of whom have any theoretical grama-
tical knowledge of their native tongue, but when
we were obliged to speak it in ordinary conver-
sations we felt and could not help but feel that
we knew less of the language than an Indian
child of ten or twelve years. We had learned too
much by the eye and too little by the ear. Now
this defect in Baraga's method of teaching we
have tried to remedy in this work.
Our object is to- teach practically, to get the
student to learn and to use practically as he goes
along whatever he does learn. We w'ant to help
him as much as possible to learn to speak Chip-
pewa in a comparatively short tiw. Hence we
give numerous exercises with words that occur
frequently in every day conversation.
Moreover, to facilitate the learning by heart of
the numerous terminations of Chippewa verbs,
we have endeavored to often call his attention to
the great similarity between the terminations of
the different conjugations, showing him that
many conjugations have the same terminations
in some of their moods and tenses, for instance,
in the subjunctive and imparative moods and
that the participles have the same terminations,
Generally speaking, as the subjunctive mood,
'hus an immense amount of memory-work is
saved or dispensed with, the seemingly endless
,f^
-Ill-
terminations are ijreatlv reduced and order and
system appear everywhere.
Besides, in order to teach more quickly and
practicallr this language, wc have not followed
a strictly grammatical order, ' 't have tried to
bnn^- those terminations and words first, which
naturally ought to be learned the first. Speaking
implies using verbs, for only by the use of
verbs can we form sentences and express our ide-
as and feelings. Hence we begin with the verb
and such nouns and adjectives as are most com-
monly used in daily conversations.
Finally, we have added after almost every les-
son a long list of the most common Chippewa
words. By reading these words often and hud-
the student will soon acquire a large "copia ver-
borum," a great number of words and thus be
soon ^ble to engage in conversation on all kinds
of topics. He should, of course, procure Baraga's
dictionary, as a work like ours cannot possibly
give anything like a comjlete vocabulary of the
Chippewa language.
We have endeavored to put the proper accent
on the Chippewa words, especially in the fore-
part of the work. This will enable t Je student
to acquire from the very beginning a correct
pronunciation. We consider this a very useful
feature of this work. A habit of erroneous
pronunciation is readily acquired and once
acquired is not very easily laid aside, as experi-
ence shows. Besides, by ac -entuating the wronir
syllable m a word, one often becomes unintel-
ligible. Let the student try to pronounce every
Chippewa word correctly and distinctly, placing
Jt^ if^'w-?* ^"^ *^^ P^'^P^'" syllable. To acquir?
this habit of correct pronunciation, let him read
every day three or four times for about ten
i
-IV
minutes the Chippewa lessons in this book.
We have not entered uf on a lengthy disertation
on the many Chippewa teims of relationship,
as they can be easily found in Baraga's diction-
ary; those most commonly used can also be
found iu this book. The same remark applies al-
so to the Interjections.
We would advise the Chippewa student to learn
the lessons iu the order given. However it will
be good if he soon study the chapters on nouns
Page 141-7-; pronouns-164-173-187;-adjectives and
numerals-392-7-41 4-418-422-427.
Finally, in order to facilitate the learning cf
the Dubitative Conjugations we have placed at
the end of the work a short synopsis of the
•♦Dubitative" terminations with a few explana-
tory notes. Let the stulent read occasionally
these notes and compare the terminations of the
different conjugations and he will soon learn
them by heart.
Although fully conscious of the many imper-
fections of this work, our first in this line, we
trust it will be of considerable assistance to the
student of the Chippewa language.
The Author.
f*^i
f"
,J]
/t1
INTRODUCTION.
'-.,«-'1 .
ix^r
1. The Chippewa language is a beautiful lan-
g-uag-e in many respects. It is the very cmbodi-
ment of system and regularity. It is yery eupho-
ric. We meet with no harsh, grating sounds in
Its words. The general rule is that after each
consonant follows a yowel. When two or three
consonants meet in a word they are of such a
character as easily to combine and flow into
each other. Often a yowel or consonant is pre-
fixed or inserted into the body of a word to pre-
vent harsh, unpleasant sounds.
2. The Chippewa language is a language of
yerbs. Almost four-fifths of all its words are
yerbs. Nouns, adjectives, numerals, and adverbs
are often transformed into verbs. In this respect
It is the very opposite of the English language,
in which nouns, adjectives, and adverbs pre-
dominate. Moreover the English language admits
of but slight changes in forming the declensions
^ and conjugations; whereas the Chippevva lan-
guage IS a language of terminations. Every
phase of thought, being, and action is expressed
by some termination. When a person knows a
Chippewa root, he yet knows next to nothing,
for that root receives almost countless termina-
tions to express all possible modes of being and
acting.
3. To learn a Hying language both ear and
eye have to be used. We put the car first, for it
IS principally through the ear that man learns
' p
soon learn their mpntnW ? *^^ words,
of ,"?rf,fi"''""'«'i '=''""°' ""^ learned o any deSee
of proficiency. A man may know the irrammaf nf
e'srtotre'S^^™ '''™-«-'.'>' -:?^Li';f
ein.r VL , P.^^^ ^° conversation. Yet bv
pronounceThe w„rd« .-' '''f '"■'■!'■. .and «rr<.rf/r
accustom both Te ear and'le'"'/'"/'^',^ ^'•='"
Of tHe ,an,na,e and mal."e^a'p^V^;°e ^ S^l
/-rf;:5^"^s;;,rin*'orde?r?rmnf"'^'--'-
ear with the sou„;i'of the "ords ^'°"
anl7h5T-lfiru-?n'>ea^,%;-^J-^^^^^^^
of'wofdrrpectlu'y":^ t^o^^^Tat "aie"*-" ^'"^"^
noti«^e?ptia%:%?: Sn,'"'^"'-"'"^' ^"^
words. You w 11 tC in , °' pronounce their
ti.e, he aMe'f 's'-A-o^ecXSSt.;!'-*
wiul.Ttll^r'^l/U?:nces'rc? '^"^^^^
we can never sr. 11 sentences in Chippewa; for
think inT ^ language well unless we
I
Pronunciation of Chippewa Letters.
The Chippewa languagre has seventeen letters
namely, four vowels: a, e, /, o, and thirteen conl
sonants, viz.: b, c, d, g, h, j\ k, m, ;/, /, 5, /, zv.
These letters are pronounced as follows:
a
e
i
h
c
d
i
n
/
s
ss
t
has the sound of a in father;
>>
»1
>)
a
i
o
h
c
d
h
i
tn ,, man;
»5
sauc;
pin or like f^,-
note;
bad;
■ziuitch;
den ;
go, (always);
hoe;
Jotir{¥rcnch);
kite;
n
P
z
ss
t
zv
J
name;
pa?-t;
zeal;
mass;
top;
wet;
Judge.
The Chippewa has no «, / /, r, v, x, v z ex-
cept in proper names derived from foreig-n 'lan-
pruages; as the Indians cannot, ffenerallv speak-
ing, pronounce these letters correctly they sub-
stitute others Thus for/ and r they will say >
or b; for instance, Dabid instead of David; forV
and /they use w, as Mani instead of Marie;
Maginit for Margaret; Nouis for Louis; Sansw
or Soswen for Francis, etc.
There are no silent letters; every letter must
nf_
ak'Jil
H
"f
ill
»* 11}
be distinctly pronounced, f. i. sagaam-sa-ffa-ani'
sagiin—sa-gi-in. s* *"i,
The following: consonants have no fixed pro-
nunciation viz: b and/, k and «-, ,/ and /
totoshabo or dodoshabo; gcget or keket. In this
matter It will be best to follow the orthographi-
^!i K- It ""^ ^''^''P ^^'■^^^ ^s 1^«1 down in his
celebrated grraramar and dictionary of the Chio-
pewa lang-uage. ^ P
u:«^oo
Frequent Identity and Simihiritv in the
Conjugations of the Chippezva' Verbs.
Note 1.— There are nine conjugations in the
Chippewa anguage distinguished by the termi-
nation of the third person, singular number, in-
dicative mood, affirmative form, present tense.
Conjugation I., terminations: a, f. / n
II.,
III.,
IV.,
v.,
VI.,
VIL,
VIII.,
IX.,
It
It
tt
am.
an, in, 'on,
an.
nan.
an, en, in, on.
a, e, i, o,
cd.
an, in.
»»
»>
>»
tt
. '^^^\ 2.- The first three conjugations are act-
ive, bu intransitive. The fourth, fifth, and sixth
are active and transitive. The seventh, eighth
^^\l ^u^'"'' unipersonal. Many verbs be!onging
sign'ficattr ^^^^ -^J"^^^-- ^ave a pafsivf
.Jlu'^W'^^^ ^^^j^^* °f t^e verbs belonging
to the first six conjugations is either a person or
tl
something animate, naturally or {rrammaticallv
so considered The subject of the verbs belon^ln^
to the last three conjugations is something inan-
imate, either naturally or grammatically t^onsid-
Note 4 ~ Only the fourth conjugation has an
active and passive voice or form; for example:
vni zvabama, I see him, her; nin zcTibamho, I am
seen. * ' "
Note 5.— Each one of the nine conjugations
has ^positive and a duhitativc mode of expres-
sion; f. 1. ki vimikwe, thou drinkest; ki minikzcd-
midog; perhaps thou dost drink.
Note 6.— The positr-e form is used when a
person asserts facts and things that he knows to
be certain. Hence this form should be used in
the pulpit, and when teaching Christian doctrine
or narrating Scriptural accounts.
Note 7.— The dubitative form is used in rela-
ting facts and things more or less uncertain
merely known by report or hearsay, and in old
traditions or legendary accounts.
Note 8— Each conjugation has a double form-
the positive and the dubitative form, each of
which again has an affirmative and a neg-Mive
mode of expression, as shown in the following
examples: ^
Assertive, affirmative form: iiiiid ikkit, I say
negative ,, kdzchi niiid ikkitdssi, I
-^ . do not say or speak,
Dubitative, affirmative form: nwd ikkitomidog,
■r, , ., . perhaps I say,
Dubitative, negative form: Kazi'in mud ikkitossi^
midog, perhaps I do not say or speak.
Note 9.— The dubitative conjugations have
tue same moods, tenses, persons, numbers, and
.»1
1
participles as the corresponding positive or as-
sertive conjug^alions.
NoTK 10.— As there are no personal relative
prououas m the Chippewa language, and conse-
quently no relative clauses, there is a participle
lor^ every tense, person, and number.
NoTK 11.— In every verb three things are to
be distinguished: 1) the root, 2) the characteris-
tic vowel, and 3) the termination attached to
the caaracteristic vowel, for instance: ni/id ikkit-
o-min, we say or speak; ikkit is the root; (ikkit)
-o- is the characteristic vowel; {ikkit-o-) -iivn is
the termination
Note 12.— In the indicative mood, affirmative
form, oach of the nine conjugations has its own
terminr.tions.
Note 13.— In the indicative mood, iiesrative
form, the hrst, second, and third conjugations
have the same terminations, but the characteristic
syllable nsi is used in the second and third con-
jurjations instead of 55/ in the first, for example:
Conj. I, Conj. II. Corj. HI.
Ircscnl Tense.
$si
$si
$si
ssimm
.s.sv'ni
SS/\\-Ji<r
nsi
nsi
nsi
nsimin
//5/111
//:.7\vag
^i/wan(2d 3d p);/5/wau
Imperfect Tense,
55maban y/ivnaban
jfiVuabc^n «.*;/aaban
As/oaa mfhiva
55/miaabau wi/minaban
nst
nsi
nsi
nsimin
nsini
«5/wag
nsiwdLU
nsiiiaban
f/sina.han
»5/miuaban
55/mwaban w5/mwaban wwmwaban
55/banig «5/banig: nsibanig
The above remark also applies to the first
three conjuj^ations cf the dubitative form.
Note 14.— In the indicative mood, netrative
torm, the terminations arc the same for the sev-
enth, eighth, and ninth conjugations; in the ninth
conjugation the characteristic svHablc ,isi is used
instead of ss/, as in the following examples:
Conj. VII. Conj. VIII. Conj. IX.
Present Tense.
ssmon
ssinon
55moban
55mobanin
j5/non
ssinon
Imperfect Tense.
55/noban
5>7"nobanin
nsmon
ns/non
nsinohan
«5mobanin
Note 15,— In the subjunctive mood and in the
participles, affirmative form, the terminations of
the first and fifth conjugations, as also of those
verbs of the sixth conjugation ending in en, in,
and on, ^ce entirelj- the same, as follows:
Conj. I. Conj. V.
Subjunctive Present.
Conj. I. Conj. V.
Participle Present.
lan
ian
d
iang
iang-
ieg
wad
tan
ian
d
iang
iang
ieg
%'ad
Pluperfect Tense,
iamban iHmban
uin
ian
d
iang
iang'
ieg
tan
ian
d
iang
iang
'%
Imperfect Tense,
iamban iamban
Ill
I
BQ«^W«BM«
iamban
pan
idngiban
iuugoban
iciroban
zL'iipan
iamban
fan
iCinoiban
iamroban
ic!>vban
wapan
iamban
pan
idngiban
iangoban
ici^oban
pcuiig-
iamban
pan
idngiban
iangoban
icgoban
pa nig
NoTK 1().— Ip the subjunctive mood and in the
participles, ncf^citivc form, the terminations of the
1., 11., III., and V. conjugations are the same;
however the characteristic syllabic ns^ is used in
me 11 and III. conjugations, and in verbs of
the VJ. conjugation ending in an. Thus:
Coif. I. and V. Conj. II., III., VI.
Subjunctive Mood, Present Tense.
s:.izidn
nsixvan
ssiwan
nsizian
ssig
nsig
ssing
nsing
ssi-u'dng
nsizLdng
ssizi'ang-
nsizi'ang-
ssizvcg
nsi'weg
ssigzca
nsigzio
Pluperfect
7c;:se.
$siu'dmban
nsizvdtnban
ssizcamban
insiwaml an
ssig-oban
nsigoban
ssing'iban
nsingiban
$sizvdngiban
nsizvangiban
ssizvangoban
nsiivangoban
ssiwegoban
nsiwegoban
ssigwaban
nsigwaban
w
Conj. I. and V.
Conj. II., III., VI.
Participle, Present Tense.
ssiu'dn
ssizc'an
ssio-
ss/nji^
ssiudmr
nsizi'an
nsizi'un
nsii>-
ns/ntr
nsizi'fin c
ssrwantr nsizfan}
ssizi'cg vsizvcp-
^^'.^^^ nsigog-
Participle, Imperfect Tense.
ssiivamban nsizcdmban
ssiwamban nsiwamban
ssi^oban nsigoban
ssingiban nsigiban
ssiwangiban nsi-vumriban
ssrwangoban nsizvamroban
ssrurp-oban nsizfe<A>ban
ssigobanfg- nsigoJniNig
Note 17.— The terminations of the subiimctivc
mood and participles afirmative form, of the sec-
ond and sixth conju^^ations, are"^ the very same
Ilowever the verbs of the sixth c(mju-atIon endl
Z^ "^ "ll '"' V^ ^*'^?^'^^ ^^^^^ «^^t conju^ration as
re-ards the subjunctive mood and the participles
NoTK IS.- The remarks made in Notes 14, 15,
16,^and 17 apply also to the "dubitative" conj.
NoTK 19.— The terminations of the participles
those o7';hr' '" '" -njugations, th^e sami as
TW ?; K . corresponding subjunctive mood.
There is but one exception to this rule-the third
person plural, which is always different, as wi
be shown m subsequent exercises.
r^^^^^ 20.- The terminations of the imperative
mood, affirmative fortn, are the same for the first
<w.
V'
' 10 —
and fifth conjugations, anl also for those vcrbn
of he Sixth conju^ration that end in ,, //! oT
second conjugation. "^ ' ^"" ^^ "^ ^^^
NoTK 22.— The terminations of the imnonfiv^
Wl, Tr,i2''"'';-"" '"' «"- f-U- first
♦l!^ • .1 "" co^Ju^^•ltl<)ns; also f„r those nf
the suth conjugation ending in e., ^To,'!' ^ ^^
INOTE 23.— The terminations of the imoerativp
^nT'»,-''r^'''r >'-'''. are the same for Kecond
and thinl conjugations, and also for ve bs of Uie
sixth conjugation ending in «// ^
let them not say ' '''^*'" '''■"^^■"■''•«'«'W
the ■•SeJond ThTrrp "son"" j^ '/^"■"V'- "'>
There .s not a sinjflc exception ottb rule' Vf"
W'j<7««/ may mean his son .ir his ŠLI „> 7 ■'
Ma,w,, his former kettle or •„*. it T' , v "''■'"
&«/«. their former ketUe o" keUles ' '"''"=•"'•''-•'■-
stuto? may~de"fer 'the SfJ"^' • f^ Chippewa
Conju,.ation's „„tV hVrha, "ia^V mas'^er'ed 'r
ordmarv terminations of the verb He wfll ^t
well, however, to glance at the' duM.Sive'' Lt
nations as he finds them in the Intermediate Ex-
ercises in order to be able to understand the In-
dians. It seems the white man naturaUy cnph ys
the positive form of speech, when the Indian
just as naturally uses the dubitativc form as
more conj^enial to his mode of thoujrht and feeU
n^. Only an Indian could have devised those dl
bitative forms of sp<x'ch.
/i
m.4
^/•?l ^.
w
'4'
1»
.,,
■9
IK-
fi
■12-
LE..SON I.
/'/>.s7 CoiiJiii>;ati( ,7.
Noi 1. To the first conjuj^ation holonj^ the in-
transu. . verbs that end in a, <•, /, o, in the
Mm/ i)crs n, sinj^'iilar, present, indicative, affirm-
ative form. The first an<l srro/u/ person, singular
number, present tense, indicative moctd, may end
in a consonant or vowel, but the //i/n/ person
singular, always ends in cmc of the above men-
tioned vowels.
Note 2. Tne above a, r, /, and o we shall des-
ignate as the characteristic vowels of this jonju-
g-ation to which the vaiious terminations are ad-
ed.
Note 3. To facilitate the learning of Chippewa
verbs, we sLilI distinguish three things, namely:
a, the roo/ which remains unchanged;
b, the chnrartcriitic vo-wel:
c, the krmimiiions which change in u-cord-
pncc with the various states of being and
action to be expressed.
Thus the >.haracteristic vo,vels and termina-
tions of the first ccmjugation, in the present and
imperfect tenses indie, mood, are the following:
Present
7'rnse.
imperfect
Tense.
Char, vow
'el.
Teiir.,
Ch
ar,
vow
I^erm.
a^ €, l\ 0,
or
",
^»
/, 0.
V ban
consonant.
ndban
»»
ban
n
min
mindban
n
m
mzvdban
li
wag-
banig
...r«GF\i*'S'kkJ>
Indicative Mood.
Present Tcii$c.
Ihott i>o('s/
.-. /'e i^ws It.
^^ni .;'7;i7'min. t^r i>o h.
AV ii;ii,'c\n, yon 'i,;> //.
A'v:i'<'w.-ijr'. ///(^7,
A'/// /;,;>-, / cmhark\
k'i f>os, thou ctnf>tir{'.št,
f>osi\ he embarks,
-\in hoahn'm r.r enih.
ki bosim, you embar.
bas/'wdg, they em.
Nin iiiba, / s/eep,
ki uilhi, th(U steepest,
n/fi(i, he steeps,
A /I/ n/tximin, zee steep,
ki iiitxim, you steep,
/iibtiwd^; they sleep.
Ximl ikkit, / SHY,
kid it- [-it, thou siiYest,
... . 'f:^:'!"^ li(^ SOYS,
j.\iu(t fkk/tdtnin, zee say,
kid ikkitom, you si/y, '
ikkitd\Vd<r^ fjify ^^fy^
Imperfect Tense.
nifidhan,
Xin nit)iimm^h;\n,
ki nibamwiihim,
fiibdhRnig.
Nind ikkitonixhviW,
kid ikkifon(\h'd.n,
ikkitdha.n,
Xind /X'-^v/^niinaban,
kid ikkitonvf:i\,2in,
ikkitdha.tiig.
A'"-
ki .^.'/rcrnaban,
.if/zi't'ban.
Xiu .i,'7:irniinaban,
f^i ghvex\vfj(\.h7m,
Xiu /^o.f/naban,
ki //<9.</n:iban,
bosi<a\3,r\.
Xiu ^o.?/minaban,
ki <5o5/m\vaban,
3c»i/banig.
in^'o'/ IT^ P'^'^'^'* '^"^^ ^^ f^^^-ed by prefix-
ing- gi- to the present tense; f. ex:
Xin vibd, I sleep;
nin g^i-niba, I have slept.
b .-^-i "• int pre^e^t tense, evcpnt i« *u^ 4.^- i
person singular 'and plnral wheTe^X is Jse.1; V"!
-14-
I 1
JVin glwe, I go home\
nin ga-glwe, I will go home;
ta-giwe, he or she will gv home;
ta-giwizvag, they zcill go home.
Note 6. The second future tense is formed by
prefixing ga-gi- (ta-gi- for the third person sini'-'
ular and plural); for example:
Aln ga-gi-iH-it, I will have said;
ta-gi-ikkito, he -will have said;
ta-gi-ikkilozi'ag, they will have said.
Note 7. The pluperfect tense is formed by pre-
fixing ^7- to the imperfect tense, thus:
Nin bosimiban, I embarked;
Nin gi-bosindban, I had embarked.
Note 8. When the verb begins with a vowel,
the letter d is added to the personal pronoun im-
mediately preceding the verb; thus we say: Nind
iju, I go; kid ikkit, thou say est.
Note 9. Indians never use the plural number
when speaking to one person; hence in the exer-
cises we shall always employ the pronouns thou
or thnie for the second person singular, and you
or your for the second person plural.
Vocabulary.
Noss, my father; ningj, my mother.
koss, thy father, kigd,\\iy inother,
«/«^/^/a, my father, nin mdma, my mother,
hi mdma, thy mother,
nin bi-ijd, I come,
inlniwag, men.
ki pdpa, thy father,
nind ijd, I go,
tnini, a man,
aw inini, that man,
ikwi^ a woman,
aw ikw6, this woman,
nin nihd, I sleep,
nind aid, I am,
igi-w ininiwag, these men,
ikwdwag, women,
igfw ikwdwag, these worn.
nin mddjd, I go away,
nin mino aid, I am well.
7mi manj aid, I am unwell, bdsho! good day'l
r.'3«t*i^9t'A.:^?^»
^''- v°i "/"''•' S"'"' day. father I
EXEKCISCS.
nibdmiu. UizJTcc^^^^r -7- "'•''''^ "/""^fiil nin
Ig-no iunU^aJ U^;^:^l:;;^r^^ ^^^-l -!l"o aid.
madjdban. A%, m n n)^'- f}'''' }i'-"if>cL Koss
1
1
come from Bayfield. He V.^Ha JllJ^^, >>-
Iktekhsdiate Exkkciss.
•A%, ?<«•/« «-^ »,/«; f [o" ?iat ^'/; °*'-
/V..;"«-^'«/»« ™ 'fe^, thou hatSt th.t
.%2irh r ^r'^''""' I fear that bo/"°"^°-
.»
iift..
-16-
sa^la aw mho kwiwisens. Nin jinginma aw mdi-
chi ikivi. Nin ndndazva nidtehi kwlzvisens. Niti
jiug-^iima aw mdtchi ikzviscns. Nin gossd gaid nin.
jing^nima aw mdtchi dnimosli. Xin lOdhama gaid,
nin nondawa inini. Ki gossd mdfr/ii dnimosh.^ Ki
widnima dnimosh gaic ki gossd. Xin nondawa dni*
mosli. Nin Jingthiinia aw' nidlrhi dnimosh.
I see a g-oo-'l boy. I hear a \;\x\. I see a mart;
I see that man and I hear him. Thou fearcst a
bad boy. I love that g^ood man. I see him and I
hear him. I fear that bad woman. I love that
good g-irl and I hate that bad boy. I hate him. I
tear him. Thou seest her and hearest her. Thou
fearest that larg-e dog. I love that large boy. I
see that man. I hear that large girl. I love "that
good boy. I fear and hate him. I see a good boy
and thou seest a large woman. I hear her.
f
'i
LESSON II.
Verbs of the first conjugation whose
characteristic vowel is — e.
Note 1. All verbs of the first conjugation are
conjugated alike, i.e. have the same terminations;
the only difference is in the characteristic vowel,
which in some is ci, in others e, in others /, and
in many more it is a. In the foregoing lesson
are to be found examples of verbs ending in «,
e, /, or 0.
Note 2. The first and second person singular,
indicative, are always alike; f. i., ;//;/ bos, I em-
bark; ki bos, thou cmbarkest; nind ikkit, I speak;
kid ikkit, thou sayest or speakest. Without ex-
ception this rule applies to the first six conjuga-
tions of the Chippewa verb.
-17-
I creep, crawl;
Vocabulary.
Nin bakadd, I am hungry;
nin ^ishkabagwe, I am thirsty;
nin bimossi, I walk; nin bimdde,
nin ^waiakossi, I walk straight;
nin bimissi, I fly; nin manissd, I chop wood-
ntnglxve - go homQ', nind ajigiwe, I return home;
nind tjftchi^e, I do, I conduct myself;
**tnd andmia, I pray, I am a Christian;
idmiad, a Christian, enamiddjig. Christians;
naningtm, often; ivika, seldom; weivib, quickly
tvawika, very seldom; waiba, soon; beka, slowly-
nissaii, my elder brother,
kissaii, thy ,, ,,
nissai^iag, my ,, brothers,
kissaiiiag, thy ,, ,,
binishi, a bird, biniskiag, birds;
animdsh, a dog; animoshag, dogs;
«/'« wabandama, I see; «/>; nondama, I hear-
migwetch! thanks! '
Exercise.
Binishi bimissi. Aw animdsh bakadL Nin baka-
dendban. Ininiwag manissdwag. Igiw ikwdwae-
ivaiba ta-giwizvag. Nissaii beka bimossi. Ki giwe
gaii nin zvaiba nin ga-gltve. Wazvika manissdwag
k'ssatdiag. Animdshag naningim bakaddwag. We-
wib ntn ga-giwe. Nin bakadd gaid ki gishkdba^-
we. Aw tkwd gwaiakossd. Bimdde animosh. Ta-
ajdgiwdwag kissaidiag. Nin gi-mino-iiitchize: aw
mini gi-mdtchi-ijitchige.
Waiba nin gad-andmia. Gi-mino-andmia aw ik-
ivd. Aw mini wawika andmia. Enamiddjig ta-nia-
djdwag. Aw endmiad mino aid. Nissaid gi-bi-ijd.
Gi-madjdbani^ kissaidiag. Waiba ta-gabdwag igiw
inimwag gaid waiba ta-mddjdwag. John andmia.
Ki bi-tjdm. Mary mino niba, Ammdsha^ nibdwag.
r
I
^
^'
-18-
We will soon go home. The man is hungry
and thirst)'. I am well and thou art well. You
have slept and you ar ; hungry. Thy elder broth-
er walks. The bird flies. Those men have
chopped wood. That woman will chop wood. I
am hungry and thirsty. That dog sleeps. Those
women returned home. My mother is hungry and
my father is thirsty. We pray ( i. e. we are
Christians). That man prays (he is a Christian).
That woman sleeps. We will soon come.
Intermediate Exekctse.
I. . . .him, etc., — a.
Thou.... him, etc., — a.
Nin kikdnima, I know him.
Nin ganazi'dbama, I look at him.
Nin jingdnima, I hate him.
Noss, my father; koss, thy father.
Ninga, my mother; kiga, thy mother.
Note 3. The particle na is used in asking
questions, and the particle sa is used when an-
swering questions.
Ki kikduima na noss? Nin kikhiima sa. Non-
gom (now ) nin zi'dbama. Ki wdbama na ninga?
Nin zcdbama sa kiga. Ki sdgia na? Nin sdgia sa.
Nin kikdnitna koss; nin zi'dbama nongom. Ki non-
dazva na ninga? Nin nondazfa sa. Ki jingdnima
na kzvizt'iscnsf Nin jingdniyna sa. Nin sdgia inini
gaie nin jingdnima kzvizi'iscns. Ki nondazva John.
Ki ganawdbama na ikzvdsens? Nin ganawdbama
sa. Nin ganazvdbania Mary gaie nin nondazva.
Dost thou love thy mother? I love her. Do I
hate thy father? I do hate him (I hate him).
Do I know Pe+er? Thou knowest him. jJost thou
hate thy father? I love him. Dost thou look at
the girl? I look at her. Dost thou hear thy
mothers' a hear Uer, Dost thou see my mother"?
Ln? T 1 l"^""^ T^y ^'^^' ^^^* t^«" love the
man? I love him. I look at her and I hear her
I see him. Dost thou see him? I see him T
se?him ^^ ^"""^ ^ """ "" ^''^' ^ ^^^"^ ^'"^ ^^i I
^
^
LESSON III.
Ver6s of the first conjugation ending in the
characteristic vowel— {, m the third person
singular, indicative, present tense.
Vocabulary.
Nin bos, (3d pers. /,) I embark;
7itn nim, (/), I dance;
nin hinis, (0, I am clean;
nin zvinis, (/'), I am dirty;
nin glkadj\ (/), I am cold;
kokosh, (plural t7§), a pig;
pakadkzve, ( „ iag), a hen, rooster;
nishime, my younger sister;
kishime, thy ,, sister;
nishimeiag, my ,, sisters;
kishimeiag, thy ,, sisters;
nin nondagos, (/), I shout;
nin jawendagos, (i) I am happy;
nind akos, {i), I am sick;
nind aiikos, (i), I am tired, fatig-ued:
nind anoki, I work;
nin fiita-anokl, I am industrious;
ntn kitim, (i), I am lazv;
mn kitimishk, (f ' am"habiti:ally lazy
mn giwashkivib m drunk
)
I «4,
^
\
it ^
^■f
G
%
«
M
>4r
lit*
'•'1
nm mimkweshk, (/), I drink habitually.
dash, but; 05</;w nibiwa, too much.
Abinddjins, a little child.
Exercise.
iV/V/ ga-bosimin gate aw inini ta-bosL Igiw ik-
u'iwag nimibanig. Kokdshag winisiwotr, pakadk-
weiag dash binisiwag. Nm pata gikadjL Kishim-
eiag gi-gikadjiwag. Nondagosi kokosh, gaie non-
dagosiwag anhnoshag. Aw ikwi binisC aw dash
tmnt wmtsi. Nin bints, kin dash ki winis. Ki tri-
kadjim. Atshime akosi. Nind aiSkos gaie nind a-
kos. la-akost waiba ki mama; nin mama dash ta-
mino-aia. Aingad'anokl waiba. Aw mind ikwe ni-
ta-anoki. Kttimishki nishime, nin dash, nin nita-
anoki. Aw tnini fiwashkwdbi, osam nibiwa g-i-mi-
ntkwd. Aissatd mi.iikwishki, giwashkwebishki e-aie.
JVondagostwag pakaakweiag, the roosters crow.
Binishi bimissi, inini bimossi, abinodjins bimdde.
Aw tkwe namngim minikwd, aw dash tnini wawi-
ka mtnikwi. Uewib nin gad-ijitchige. Beka bimos-
si ntn mama, akosi aiikosi gaie. Waiba John ta-
ntba. Ntn papa gate nin mama mino aidwag.
We embark (get on, f. i.; a boat, wagon, etc).
fA ^"-^ ^^* ''°- ^ ^^^^^"^ ^^d ^y mother are
cold and hungry. That man walks straight, (me-
taph., lives right). Those birds flew. You walk.
I am cold end hungry. The pigs are hungry and
punt. Thy younger sister is clean, thv elder
brother is dirty.
Complimentary Remarks, Etc.
Anin eji-aidian? How art thou? Nin mino aia, I
am well. '
Kid akos ina? Art thou sick? Nind akos sa, I am
Anin enafiniian? What is thy sickness'
Nmd akosin nibid^ I have too'tbache.
X'
Nm mhk-waji, I have the measles.
Nin jabokdwis, I have the diarrhoea.
Nin pwashkzvd, I am dizzy.
Nina akoshkadd, I have colic, bellyache.
J^ijdte, it is warm (outdoors).
Kijite, it is warm (inside of the house).
Atssma, it is cold.
Giinizvan, it rains.
^oppo, it snows.
Kitc/ii, ver^, much; wewini, well.
Pangi, a httle; nlbiwa, much, many.
Intermediate Exercise.
I . . . . them — ag.
Thou .... them — ag.
Nin wabamag, I see them.
Ki nondawag, thou hearest them.
.' ^Af^\"'^ I ^ov^ them,
/f/ kikcnimag, thou knowest them.
i\^/y/ minzvdnima, I like him, her, etc.
A7« bapia, I laugh at him, etc.
Nongom, now; nongom gijigak, to-day.
JSongom ond^oshig, this evening.
Nongom tibihik, to-night.
Ininixvag, men; ikzvdwag, women.
iV/« xvdbmiag nongom ininiwag. Ki nondawaz
tkzviuag. Am bapia kwizi'isens. Nin minwinimcw-
minizi'ag Nongom gijigak nin nondazvag ikwl-
wag. lu ganawiibamag na ininizvas? Nm zana-
vmbamag sa. Ki sdgia na noss? Nin sa^ia sa.
lyn saguig noss gaie ntnga. Nin minwinimas- in-
iniwag gate ikwdwag. Ki sagia na noss? E, tre-
get (yes) nin sagia. Ki bapiag na ininiwag'^ F
nm bapiag Ki ganawdbamag na John iraie
treorge? Nm ganawdbamag sa. Nongom ond^osh-
tg ntn nondowag ininiwag.
I look at him and I laugh at him. Dost thou
AS.
I
^
^mmmmm
;.l::i
-22-
Jike Mary and Jane? Yes, I like them. Dost tho:i
like my tather and my mother? I like them. Dost
thou hate Michael and Peter? Yes, I hate them.
Dost thou look at them? Yes, I look at them.
Dost thou see them? I see them now. Do I know
thy father and thy mother? Thou knowest my
father. I like a man. Thou hearest women. To-
night I shall see many good men and women.
1 laugh at him. I love John and Charles. I hate
Charles, but I love John.
LESSON IV.
Verbs of the first conjugation ending in the
characteristic vo-wel—o, in the third person,
singular, present, indicative.
Vocabulary.
Nin nagdni, (o), I sing.
A^nd ikkit, {o), \ say.
^i'} M'{ii'f^ (o), I speak.
Amd Otchip-urm, (o), I speak Chippewa.
,, anishnnlbcm, ko), \ speak Indian.
i\in jaganashim, (o), I speak English.
,, zvemitigojim. io), I speak French.
Ajnd animdm, (o) I speak German.
Am gdg/git, (o), I speak.
,, dibddjim, (o), I relate, I tell.
■winin, {o), I am fat.
5»
pakdkados, (o), I am lean, thin.
innikas, io), I am named, my name is.
,, wissm, (/), I eat.
,, debissin, (/), I eat enough.
,, vibddis, (/), I am a glutton, I eat to much.
Uctena, town, city;
m
-23-
Oddnang, to, at, from town, or city.
Oma, here; w^r//, imd, there.
Abinudji, child.
EXERCISK.
wag trmuwag hi koko.him (thy pi.r, ^S
n,n (my) kokoshnn dash ^akdkadoso} Man ]jni-
u'ag a>kUchi.vmio.nagam6'^'ag. Waiha uin Ja-na-
iiW ^ ^* ""^^. standiu- over there) k//c/i/
^nitigojim gaic John ta-auimdmo. ^
Nind ija oddnan^; Marie od^nan<r aia. Marie
oMnang madja. Elisabeth od<!nan^- /^niiiba Bakl
d^shkjzvag, (they are habitually'\«„/ry fS?-
an AV -/ }^}'Hf o^i^'^ing Kishime odenang
ae. Waiba ki ga-zcissiii. Akosiwaa- na ki kitisimao-
(thy parents)? Xin kitisimag al^sncag sa T^%
ganashnn na? Azi' inini jhganashinw, nin dJh
nind oiehip-u'em Kid akosin '\a kibid? X JaL
an/Amjabokcruwsga,e nind akoshkad^. Azh abi-
nociji gnvashkzv^ g^tie miskzur/^. Kitchi kijate. \t
tbata-gnnnran. M^tchi-kis/ina. SogipJ non^om.
gaiu It s warm and the birds sin^r. i shall
speak well. We speak Chippewa well.^That wo
Tf. ^-^^^' German. Those Vomen related That
Mart%/^ >'--f>^- ^^^; woman's name 1
S'tw^'-^'"''^^'^- ''"''' '^'^'''^ We c me from
town. That man is going to town. We are here
-.^Mf^^M
\K
PT
mum
4'*
..I
and you arc there. That Indian eats too much,
he will be sick; he is a glutton. Thou didst eat
enough, but he ate too much. (They have the
bad habit of singing too much. ) Nagiimdshki">af(.
It rains and it is cold. It snows much. It rains
a little. We speak English well. That woman
has toothache and that man has colic. Thy elder
brothers have the measles; they are very sick. I
"wiii soon leave and return home. Thou hast
slept well, and thou wilt soon be well. How art
thou? I am well; thanks!
LESSON V.
The inife, sonal termination, indicative mood.
Note 1. In the Chippewa language there are
three distinct terminations for expressing the
third person, f. i. :
JVida., he, she, it (some animate thing, e. g. dog)
sleeps.
JVibam, one sleeps, (French: on dort; German:
{man schla^ft.
Nibd-<fjzv, his, her, their, e. g. brother, sleeps.
The first is the simple third person, which
may be singular or plural; thus: niba, nibazvag.
The second is impersonal ; it is generally trans-
lated by the English words; one, people, it is; f.
i.: ikkitom, one says, or, people say, or, it is said.
The third is the "Second-Third" person, which
will be explained hereafter.
Note 2. The impersonal form occurs in the in-
dicative and subjunctive moods, and also in the
participles of the first, second, " "rd, and sixth
conjugations.
: \'\-
Note 3i In the first three conjugations tHe tef*
ininatioii of the impersonal, in the indicative
mood, is always like the second person plural
with the pronoun ki {kid) left out; f. i.: Icid ikki-
torn, you say; ikkitom otle says, people say, it i^
said.
Vocabulary.
Nin maw, (/), I cry, weep.
A7« mavjish, (/), I cry u little; (pitying form;
... .,, , , ( "Pitying verb".
Nm mawishk, (/), 1 cry habitually; (reproaching
... . ^ ,. , (form; "Rep. Verb.^'
Nm bap, (i), I laugh;
Nin bapish, (/'), I laugh a little.
^ln bapishk, (i), I laugh habitually.
mdmanj, bad, negligently;
bisdn, still, quietly.
Nin mdwikas, (o), I feign crying; (a "Feigning
(verb."
Nin tchibdkwc. I cook.
Tchibaku'^rufinini, {pi. wag) a male cook.
Nin bapikas, (o), I feign laughing.
Nongom, now; nongom igo, just now.
Wabang, tomorrow; azvasswabang, day after to-
morrow; nidjag, always.
Exercise.
Akosim omd. Aw inlni gi-gizcashkwdbi, ta-ikki-
torn. Ta-nibam nongom. Wewcni ta-anokim wa-
bang. Bi-ijam gaie madjam. Oma oddnang wissi-
nim gaie minikwem. Oma mawim, wedi dash ba-
pim. Bisdn aiam.
Kishime kitchi mawi, kissaid dash mdwikaso.
Mojag bapi aw inini; baptshki. Mdmanj ki iri-
ijitchige. Mdrxanj a^okiwag igiw ininiwag. Bisdn
aidwag kissaieiag. .Vdbang la-tchibakwewag tchi-
bakwiwtniniwag. John jaganashimo, Peter dash
>*ji,
/
m
-26-
ii*
n
>*•*
•»»• '
oichipui^mo. Kid aiiis/iiiulbcmom inn? Xiini atiishi'
nCthcmdmin sa. hi pi-mCuija mi (nKas&'udbiini>?
ndlHiiii>- uiu i>a-iiuu/j<i. Iju na oihUimiu; koss? Xo$s
hiuhiutn iinui oiidjilni (I c.inc tmm home).
John {rocs homo, it is said. IVM.plc arc quiet in
town i/iLsau aicim odeiun/ti). That woman was
drunk, it is rehitcd {(ii/Hid/iniom ). Hero one
laujrhs, there one cries. One is hungry and siek
Those men work nej^li^rcntlv. That\voman cooks
well, but Ihou cookesl iieg-ii^rentlv. Those cooks
are named Ceoryfo and Iknrv. Art thou hunLTv"'
I am hunjrry. Is thy lather sick? He is very
sick. What is his sickness, what is the matter
with him. (Aniii aiapined'i) He has the colic.
Hayc yon the measles? We haye the measles. It
rains and snows. It is yery cold.
I
LESSON VI.
I crbs c.\/>/rss///o- /losscssion.
Note 1. By prcfixinj^- o, or od to a noun it be-
comes a possessiye yerb, f. i.:
Ua^i^fdz.ad, an ax,- /find o:i(l<>cU-::ad, I haye an
ax; oucti'di-uddo, he has an ax.
Tc/iinifiii, a canoe; niiid otchiiudu, I haye a ca-
noe; otchimCirJ, he has a canoe.
Wizvakuan, a hat, cap; niiid cnvizvak-van, I
haye a hat, cap; ozcizi'akzvinii, he has a hat, cap.
N(jtc 2. When the n(,un ends in a yowel, add-
m to it, aud i)ut o, or od, before it, f. i.:
Aki, land; uiud ddakini, I haye land; odakimi,
he has land. J6niia, money; nind ojouiiam, I
if
i
have money: < 'oniiami, he has money.
Note .^. When the n.nin has on- or on in the
the third person, thus:
«^\'^'h '.''^i;. *"'''• /''"'''^^'''''''^'''^' ^ '^^^'*-" ^ »^"-^; '^''''^'^-
«Ao, ne has a box.
.^l/-/^. a kettle; uimi dcUikik, I have a kettle- a-
ddkiko, he has a kettle. Kciiie, a
Note 4. Most possessive verbs have / in the
third person singular, f. i.:
OdCtban a sleijrh; ;//;/,/ oclodainln, I have a
sleig-h; oiiohabinn\ he has a sleij^h. '•^^'- a
/^//■//v, a cow or ox; ,ihui opijikini, I have 'a
cow or ox; op,j/ki„u\ he has a cow, ox.
Ophi potatoe; uiiici odophiim, I have potatoes-
oddpniimi, he has iH.tatoes. Potatoes,
Note 5. A few possessive verbs have a in the
first and third person sinfrular. f. i.: ;,/;/o:"v,-^„
wmg; mnd o,un^^,i.ana, I have wingsf .7/ /
his tooth; mud ozi'ibida, I have teeth
lo^^ng v^rbs?'"''^'" ^' '^'' "'^^^'^"^"^ ^>' *^^^ f^^'
iVVy/^ aiazva, I have him, her, it (animate ob-
^l!''^ f.i']"\ I have it (inanimate object). '"'''''^*
A/// dib<?mma, I own him; he belongs to me
,, dibdndan, I own it: it belongs to me.
I\ind ooss, I have a father; oo^^s/, he has.
^c^'*''' M M ,, mother; oif/. ,,
omdjaniss, I have a child or children; ouid-
\\\,j ■ r , Janissi, he has a child.
^ind ogu'iss, I have a son; og'U'issi\ he has a
AT-' _j J . , son.
A/«rf odamss, I have a daughter; odanissi.
„ oshkinjig, I have eves; oshklnjigo.
„ ooTc?;/, I have a mouth; c?(/(?«/.
H >(
./
i
wi^smmssmmMi^ni^^M.^-.^ ^i^^m
-•t
I
J ■
-28-
A7«rf onindji, I have hands; onindji.
,, 05/i/, I have feet; osidi.
,, okad, I have legs; okadi.
,, obebejigoganjim, I have a horse, or horses;
obcb^jigoganjimi, he has, etc.
A7«(/ aiazvag anamiiminag, or, anamionindnsag, I
have a rosary.
A7«i/ aidzva pakxv^Jigan, I have bread.
,, aidziag abinodjiiag I have children.
,, «/V7« mdshkimod, 1 have a bag, or nind 0-
mashkimod.
Nin dibdnima aw ikwe-pijiki, I own that cow;
(she belongs to me).
N^in dibdndan iw kitigan, I own that field, (it
belongs to me.)
Ozvasisszfaui, he, she has a nest.
Ozi'aJi\ it (a wild animal) has a hole, lair.
Kcidbi, still, yet. Animons, young dog.
Wdgosh, a fox. Alsszc'i, three.
Eta, only.
Exercise.
Biudshiiag ozvasisszi'dniifag gaie -u'dgos/iag ozvd-
ji'fag. Kind os/ikinjig aw dash iniui kawin osh-
kr.ijigossi. Aw abinodji oossl, kdwin dash keidbi o-
g^issi. Aw abinodjins ozvibida. Aw auimdns oshkin-
ji\s^o, okddi, osidi gaie, kawin dash mdshi bimosdssi,
bimode dta. Charles owdgdkwado. Kitchi animosh
nind aidwa. Xisswi nabe-pijikiwag nin dibinimag.
He has a hat. I have legs and feet, but I
have no hands. Thou hast a father and a moth-
er. That woman has a child. Thou hast no chil-
dren. That dog has no teeth. I have horses, but
I have no cattle (kdwin dash nind dpijiki7nissi.)
John has no money. I own three houses.
i» ' "^"
.if. ■.
"^^1::^
I A
-29-
LESSCS ^m.
On the ^^Second-third person as subject of
the verb.
fon '' ;i,<f ; '''•' ''■"'■ ^^ *^^ "Second-third p4
son, the termination of which is wan e V-
az^a«, ezt-aw, i-^w;, oz^^^/z. ' ^' ^••
Note 2. In order to understand this "Second
third person", we will give a few examples:
. John ntb^^ John sleeps. In this sentence Tn),«
IS the first and only third person. '^''^^''*^^ "^^^^
/o//« ogzvlssan nibd^^n, John's son sleeos T«
this sentence John is the first third person anS
?"e Te^inf S"^' " '^? "hird^plrton. As
ctL •? * ,1 "^"^ person is the 5«^/,?r/ of the verb
Svi- ^''^^'''^' *^.^* ^^^ ^^^b n^ust also be se-
cond-third person in termination; hence -wan is
ond ;i,^5''^ '' *^^ P^^P^^ termination of the seJ!
ond-third person in the present tense, indicative
M^^. S^ ^"^ "^'"^^' ^'^^ *^i^d person.
sl^o'^d'^&^eTr""^"^"' ''^^^'^ ^^^^^ --P«;
^^or^^ oc^^«a«^ />a gaie ossan tidwzn Georp-^
goes to town and his lather goes; teo?^; itlfft
third person and so is the ?erb %V^; hfs father
^.^^^c^nd.third person, and so is-'also'the'lerb
':*''l
V,
-30-
!^:; :-;v^
, ,t
,1-
h -.^t
'•f>'i^-ii=»
N^agamo gate oddnan nagafnowa.n, she sings
and her daughter sings.
Note 3. To form the 2d 3d person for the indi-
cativc mood^ add wan to the characteristic vowel
of the verb, for instance:
Niba, first third person: nibazi-r///, 2d 3d peron;
giwe, ,, ,, ,, giwe:c'«;/, ,, ,, ,,
bosi, ,, ,, ,, bosizi-a;/, ,, ,, ,,
nagamo, ,, ,. ,, nagamozi-a;;, ,, ,,
Note 4. The same termination is used for the
singular and plural, and this remark also applies
to the subjunctive mood and the participles, f. i. :
Ogwissan nibart-a;/, his son or his sons Sieep.
Ogwissiwan nibaziY«/, their son or their 507/5
sleep.
Ogwissan nibaw/V/, that his son or his sons sleep.
Ogwissan nthdnidjin, his son or his sons who
sleep.
Ogwissiwan neha.n/djin, their son or their sons
who sleep.
Note 5. To form the 2d 3d person for the suIj-
junctive mood, add nid to the characteristic vowel
of the verb, for instance:
Present Subjunctive.
Nibarf, plural zvad^ first third person,
giwert', ,, wad, ,,
bosia', ,, wad, ,,
nagamort',, zvad, ,,
Subjunctive Mood, Second Third Persou.
Niba/z/V/,
gl\v in id,
hb'&inid,
ndiga.m6nid.
Note 6. To form the 2d 3d persons for the
-t resent farticipk, add nidjin to t£e characteristic
11
11
»1
T
-31-
tenstic vowel, f. i.: nibu,;^;^"";;';,^:;''-'':'''-:-
Vocabulary.
Nin mama, ki mama, o mamalan my, thr/tu
m..ai,, kiss,,;, ossaUi.: „,, thv, his'"!";
^A«/,/»., ,,-,,,„„, „,, ., ^,,_ ^,,^. ^.^ W^„.
Av»/«., /™,w, „„„w„«. m,.!%,;r,;if'trr;
5^;;>«:;;?%;S^^«v a.. .„„ .,;;, 'l;^;
.\n,„slwmc, kimishomc, imishomHan, „„■, tl,y his
^<jU>,c: :k,j,s„c, oj!s,.eia,., my, r^y!'t:";L;!^^;i
NMs/,o,„ns, kimisAomiss, omisAomissan, mv ""ht
momiss, kokuniss, ok6missa„ t,f Thf ''tS
N6jis,.e, koJisHe, ojiskeian, r.y, th/wf^^^
child,
4p
//^
kQ
>
^
-32-
i
.1» * Wt.
:ij^
"*
Ninstgoss, kisigoBs, osigossan, my, thy, his pater-
nal aunt, father's sister.
Ninoshe, klnoshe, onoshelan^ my, thy, his mater'
nal aunt, mother's sister.
£", yes; Enangika, yes; kazviti, no.
Waort;/^, to-morrow.
Endogvjen, I don't know.
Kitiganing, in ':he field.
Nopiming, in or to the woods.
Exercise.
yb/i« 055a« gi-tjdzvan odhiang^ ogin dash gi-a-
noklzvan kiiiganing. Mary ogunssan gi-madjdvan.
Gi-madjdzvan ina oddnan? Geget gi-madjdzcan.
Mino anokizvan ina ossaUian? E^ mino anokizvan
sa. Kishime, onidjdnissan bakadiwan ina? Endog-
zven. Ki gi-ndgamom ina? E, or enangika nin
gi-nagamomin, gaie aw inini ogwissan gi-naga-
?ndu'an. Akosi na kiniisse? E, dkosi sa gaie onidjd-
nissan kitchi dkosizvan. Ta-tnino-aidtvag ina? En-
dogzven. Charles, od awdtnan songanamidwan (is
a strong Christian), o mamaidn gaie naningim
ijdzvdn andmiang, (goes often to prayers.) Binisi
azv ikzve, o^-wissan dash Ti'tnisizvan. Gikadji na
kimishomiss^ Geget kitchi glkadii, gikadjiwan gaie
ojisheian; kitchi klssina sa. Ta-hi-ija na onid ki-
mishdme? Endogzven, ta-bi-ijdwan dash win onidjd-
nissan Nijishe wewhii wissini, kawin bakadissi^
onidjdnissan dash bakadiwan. Mary okdmissan wd-
bang ta-mddjdwan.
Will his father chop wood? He will chop
wood. He walks and his son runs {bimibatdwan.^
That man's father is an habitual drunkard; his
mother works hard. Is thy daughter well' She is
unwell {mdnji aia), and her son drinks. Will
John's mother leave? She will leave sooti. The
mother of Jesus is called Mary. Did thy grand-
father and thy grandmother go borne? They
f
•^A
went iKnne. Is her brother in ^^,„,(1 health (;///;/„
fmncnfisn^an /na od uivhmw? ) He is in tr,„,fi
health. Does Jane's brother g-o to prayers'' Fe
^a)es to prayers often. Does he pray Well''' He
pays well. Is thy Hfrandfathei a Christian? He
IS a Christian. Is his son a Christian? No; but
his dau^rhter is a strong Christian. Did her fath-
er g-o to the woods? No, but her mother went.
Is thy aunt hungry? She is hungry and her
child IS hungry and unwell.
Okdixaky Actions Dukixg tiik D.\y
ExPKIiSSED IX ClIIPPKWA.
I go, nind ijd.
., come, ;//// hi-ijd.
., {^o in, enter, nin pi>id/i>e.
., come in, ;//// hl-phtdigr.
,, g-o out, nin sagaam.
,, stand, II in ?iibazL\ nin g-abazv.
., stand up, ;//;/ pdsig-zi'i!^
,, arise (from bed), nmd onishkd.
,, g-o to bed, ///;/ gazvishim.
,, stand still, nogigabazi\
,, walk, nin biniossc.
,, walk slowly, ;//;/ bcsika.
,, Avalk fast, 'nin kijika.
,, sit down, ;//;/ ndmadab.
,, run, nin bimibato.
,, run fast, nin kijikabato.
,, run slow, ;//;/ besikabato.
,, run away, ;//;/ gimi, nind ojini.
,, creep, ;//// binwde.
,, sleep, nin nibd.
,, rest, nind anzi'eb.
,, work, nind anoki.
,, awaken, nin goshkui.
,, am sleepy, nin ga^-ibin^zuask.
^
if-
t
V.
•v5
■M^l^.'jW*!:rj^XL^i
I move, stir, n/n mamddji.
,, lie, nin jingishin.
,, move away, tiin g-os,
,, arrive, nin dagzv.shin.
,, go away, ;//;/ mCuija.
,, get on, iboard, nin bos.
,, get off, «lisembark, nin i^-ahci.
,, eat, nin zi'issin.
,, eat it, (an. object) nind amzca (amoa).
,, eat It, (inanimate obj. ; ///// mid/in.
,, drink, ;//;/ minikzi'd.
,, drink it, nin tninikzcdn.
,, am hungry, nin bakadi.
,, am thirsty, nin gishkabagux.
,, starve, nin gazianandam.
„ put it in my mouth, nin jdkamon,
,, swallow it, nin gonddn.
,, vomit, nin jishigCigdzvc.
I, spit, nin sikwddjige.
, breathe nin nesse.
, smoke, nin sdgassxvd.
, chew, nin agzian&ndjig^.
, snuff, ///;/ pindakue.
, laugh, nin bap.
. laugh at him^ nin bapia.
laugh at it, nin bapiton.
cry, weep, nin maw.
cry for him, lament him, ;//// nuiwima.
cry for if, lament it, ;//;/ mazilndan.
am drunk, nin giwashkzvibi.
take, receive him, nind oddpina.
take, receive it, nijid oddpinan.
la^Thp Chipp--7a student should make exercises
on the preceding words, a^ also on the subse-
quent lists of Chippewa' words and expressions.
in order not to make the book too hulkT thp
author has omitted to r.dd exer^;ises ' '' ■ * '
M
M
»>
■35-
Summarv.
p7t; na U jri^ikkit? Ow sa nin gUkkit, Ki pv-
mba na? Aut gi-niha sa. Nin noifdawa azc/de
nin -u-abama gme t //-nuldjazcajr ininizi'a^; ik-J-
-vag- dash oma auruag: Ki gn.'u^d>av:ag- na? Enan-
^'y^9%'T ^■^-■^'■^^bamag, Ta.gir.'ht^- na ks i-
mhag? Wabang ta-gi.v6^ag;. Ki sagia^na ki a-
ma? h nangc^ mn kitchi sagia. it'i gi-iinJ^, L
/ci gi-ijitchige? .\in gi-ijitcluire. Matchi Hizv^bi^i-
^ag (are bad, wicked) igizvkzviz^ns^ns^^^^^^
fchuma^- nibnva ininizvag ^aie ik-.vhvag^oma Ta-
on!^:^"^ ""■ ^^''"^^^'S> \Vaiba fa-LnissJg;
nongom zvissinnvag megzva. Azu iku-e zL'abandama
iV'i -Vf :'/''•. '^''^'''<^'hag zvininozvao:. Azv koToTh
C/ • S / '^'''''^"P^<''^-^"g J>akaakzc'7iag Jgizv Ki-
'f'^fy^""''"^ (Americans) gizc^askki/biJag,
Akosi mssaie; uaiba ta-nibo. Nin ^a-zcabamL
kjssaihag nongom onagoshig Binisi dl ikle a£
dusk ikz^sens zcimsi. Anin"" cnapindian? N^nd It
as: mnd Mkadi. immizvag\izc' ku'iuisfnsat-
igizv dash tk-uesdrisag nitd-anokiLg Wez^/n %'.
sa^ia. Kt mtnzc;imma na azv kitchi animdsfi? Nin
V^^ gJ-bSM' Wa}ang ta-madjam, ta-giu^cm 7aic
Wew6m lad otchipzvcm. Otchtpwimo naaT iC; A
^^iL-? ''°l'j^'^ '^'^«'^«'' otckipzvdL Ow n
gj-dtbadjtm, Mino ata na kiga? ^Mino aia B L
shnag nagamduag Anin %'inikascd ^ ^',1
sensfjohn ijinikaso; nin dash^ Peter f^tdiiinika-
aw tkzvdsens dash Mary ijinikaso V'»>^^^,
JiSif'-'^i)*
36-
.:-5:
I*
III
LESSON VIII.
/'/;•>•/ co)i/fii>(i//o>/, iic!>(iihr form.
Note 1. A peculiarity of the Chippewa Ian-
gruage IS the negative form of the verb. In the
indicative mood, in all the nine conjugations, the
negative form is expressed bv the adverb kuzvin
not, and by peculiar terminations. In the subl
junctive mood and in the participles the adverb
/Cvjrtv;/ IS ommitted. In the imi)erative mood the
adverb kcgo is used instead of kazi'i/i.
Note 2. To form the indicative mood, negative
lorm, change the characteristic vowels as fol-
lows:
(t is changed into the characteristic syllables assi.
»»
essi.
issi.
'' " " " " M ossi.
Add to these characteristic syllables the same
terminations as in the affirmative form, f. inst.:
Indicative mood. Present tense.
Kazvin nind iMitossi I do not say.
/uizi'in kid iMitossi, thou dost not say.
^izvin ikh'tossi, he or she does not say.
Kawni nind ikkitossimm, we do not sa\'.
/Uizvin kid ikkitossim, you do not sav. "
" h'tossiwvLir
ey
not sav.
(izi'in iH-itossim, one does not say"(Inipcrs
Kazvin ikkiiossiwain, his (f
).
(f. 1. son) (loes not
say. 2d 31 Person.
Imperfect tense,
luiwin nind ikkiiossinih9.n, I did not say.
/iazviH kid ikMossiuiba^tl, tliou didst not sav.
ms
m^^^^m
unvni /W/ossib^n, he did not say.
/unfiu nind jH'itossimmi.hZi\i, we did not say.
Juiii'tn h( M/ossimwihaa, you did not say.
/uiztin //'Xv/rw/bani^r thcv did not sav.
/uruwu iWfoss/h'Amn, his (f.i.) son did not say.
Ao/joom i^ywak, to-d - v.
Aoz/jj-om tibikak, to-nij^^ht.
Xono-om kiuHcb, tioz:< this morning-.
Jeha, this morning, (zv/icu passed).
^"r^'V" """M'^^^"'g^ this evening-.
Jc/ii bzi'ii Jidziak-u'e^, before noon.
Oi-is/ikifa-iuht'al'zicM; a f ternoon .
Aoncrom ichi bzi'a ndzi'cikweg; /his morning, beford
^Vongom gi-is/d-zt^a-mizLud-uro-, t/iis afternoon.""""*
I viibanjr^ to-morrow.
^Viibinig kigijeb, to-morrow morning.
WabauiT oudiroshiir, to-morrow evening-
^};^y"f^}^'(ifnwii-, day after to-m(»rrow. "
^itc/inuliro, yesterday.
Azi-ussondi>o, day before yesterday.
Wdssa, far away.
Bcsho, near, near by.
Oina, here; zcrdi, hlidi, here.
^'i'n/ ///zfS/s (/), I am, act, behave in a certain
JV/n maicJii iJizc-c^b/X I am bad, wicked.
Aiy wnio ///zfS/s, I am (morally) go.nl.
.1/;/ bis/i/g-zi'ddj ///zrt'b/s, I am impure.
A/ff uishkddj ijizvebis, I am angry.
Auo/c/i ijru'cbisi\ he or she misbehaves.
A ill bata-ifizvebis, I am bad.
V//' cf//"^'^. I talk, speak.
Am bishiirzi'iidj o-jjzi'c, I speak immodestly.
Am zi'migijzi'c, I speak dirty wt)rds.
A/m bimoljwe, I speak modestly.
JAui bata'gijzve, I speak wickedly.
i^/« matchi gijzie, I speak ill, bad.
*
V'
:(
'^i
>
TFT
i*;i»
■C«>3f-*
:s:
'H,
*— 38-—
^V/V/ «/////; (f/^/Tfr, I speak rmorally) wefK
"*//'" '/ffr/i/!^T, I do.
i\7// wV//<r///' ijitchige, or, ;//« manji'ichif>-e, iiuitrhi-
, ,. tc^tifre, I act wrong, badly.
i\in Jtimo t/ifc/iijre, or ;//;/ minotcliiirc, I act well.
ExKKCISK.
h'dzvin r.a ki {ri-i/dssi ocii'iiaiis^ fitchind^o? Ka-
■n'ln mil jri-ijdssi; udbauv: dash' uin i>ad-i}\i. Anin
ejnvHumi kiq-u-iss? (how does thy 'son behave/)
Kiiwin mino ijizi'('l)i'sissi\ ataMd-i\ (he gambles)
mtnikzi't^sfiki, i>hviis/ikxL'chis/iki, nihdsfika, ( he runs
about at night) kitimishk-i iraic; irc^cl kitchi mat
chi ij.^'^bnt. Anin g/ruS/s/d k/dan/'ss/' Mino ikwc-
" [? is a good girl), (ii-matrhi-^rtpvizi'an;
. ''"•'.'''a'- /uniin i>i-nuitr/ii'i^fju'essr.i'di>-
All' ahimkiji zvhii^ijzL'c, jclni gi-:iw'>i7o'r'- '*
is/iindbe his/iii(zvddj '■, '.'Sisi. A'i s^i-wdn
A\
srns/zvi, (she
na ii(izv ininr.
sa. Azv abiuddii -^ini^i/zvc, /cna i>t-zvin?"-}jzi'f. .]«•
anishindbe bishi<(zi'ddj ^/'.-Sisi. A'i j^i-wdnin/ iivsAa
(thou liest); Xv/rivV/ .i- ; ,- (never) 'i>i-nui/c/ii-//izf('-
bis/ssi azi' anishindbc. Mojai( na b'inioijzvc Marx?
KazL'in mojag- binioy-i^essi, ' azvassondoo i>/-zc-/nii^y-
«r. A/ zii-uiba na' noni>om? Kazvin mas/ii (not
jet) nin zci-nibdssi,- nonifom tlbikak nin ^a-uiba.
Ki g::-mddjiun ina, nohgom ondgoshii>?' Kazvin
nongom ondgoshig nin gd-mddjassimin, osdni gimi-
wan, (It rains to much). Bakadhvag na igzv ik-
wizvag. KazL'in bakadessizvag. Wdssa na \iidzvag
ki kitislmag (thy parents)! Kazvin zvassa aiassi-
zvag; bdsho nongom aidzvag, ima odhiang aid^vag.
Did thy son sleep ':ell? He did not sleep well;
he is unwell {mdnji-aia). Will thy vounger sister
return home tomorrow morning Xta-aji^izve iia)?
No, she will not return tomorrow morning; she
will return day after tomorrow. Do they want to
eat and drink before noon? No, thev will eat and
drink after noon. Did thy father speak bad? No,
he never speaks bad. Did those men do bad? No,
they did not do bad. They are good men, mifiQ-
p«i
■p
»//////:;7«7;/>- Did ihy paternal iiiido leave thi«;
hP ii '^'fve this cvcn.nu-. He will embark on
John pood or IS he bad? He is not bad; he is
fe'ood. He 19 industrious (uitd-aiwki ),
Okdinary words and kxpkkssions.
I fear, am afraid, ///;/ sfi>-is, uln srotiidj, uin $>.
I fear him, ;;/;, ^rossd. ^'''''^"''''
.. scare him, make him afraid, uin i^i'o/a
,, scare him (by words), ,v/;/ scp/mi. ^
,, fear it, ft/n ^otCin.
,, see, ;//// -.viib, uin zi-abandnma.
,, sec him, niu '.fCthauia.
,, see it, ///// n'Cdnindan.
hear, niu nondam, uin uOudama.
hear him, niu nondaua.
hear it, ;//;/ nondau.
feel, uin nwjiizfe.
, feel him, niu niojia.
feel it, nin mojiton.
n^- him, nind ojia.
maivc it, ;//;/ djiton.
make him like, nind ijia.
make it like, nind ijiton.
begin nin mCidjita.
beg-in it, nin mddjitan.
finish, am through (with some work), nind
finish it, w/z/fl' ^////0«, «/;; is/ikwatiln, «/« p-/;/.
,, am ready, nind gijila, nind djita.
,, touch, nin tdnginiire.
,, touch him, ///;/ tdnfrina.
,, touch it, nin tdnginan.
,, am good, virtuous, nin mino ijiw^bis.
^-
i.
■i!^-
•40-
Hii
«1
H
M
1 am well, in jfood health, w/« /w/wo <//</, ;////
Mt'tio bimddis.
am bad, nin motchi ifiwibh.
.•im impure, iiin bis/i/g-wdt// i/rwS/s.
.im kind, charitablc/w/// ^(v/r/V// ;//// i-Z/nidd/s.
am unwell, ;//>/ «/(7//// f//V/, ' kazctii niii initio aid-
ssi.
am sick, «/«r/ f7/(r;.s-.
make him sick, nim/ (U'ositi,
make it sick, ftifhf tii'osifott.
have toothache, fiiin/ lUosiu Hi/u'cf, tiin drzitihi-
de.
», have headache, uiiid (lko$in ti/s/dii>U(iti, nin dc-
zi'ii-zie.
have colic, bellyache, nind ilkos/dad^, nind
ilkosin niniissad,
have earaihc, nind dkcniti uifi'ni.'iii>\
,, have smallpox, nin nunnakis.
,, have measles, ;//// niisizcaje.
,, have a sore throat, nind Cd-osin nin ^ondih>;a)i,
nin i^ondasiil-zcci.
My throat is swollen, ;//// inii>ii>())iciauan,
,, f(K)t is sore, have pain in my fciot, nind fi/co-
sin nisid, nin dcztiside.
I have pain in my heart, nin dczi'id^i".
y, ,, ,, breast, ;//// d<^zi'akii>an.
». ,, ,, leg, ;//// dczL'ii>ddc.
pains ,, ,, bones, ;//;/ dczi'i^dnc.
Intkkmkdiate Exkkcisk.
I iiave . . . .him — nin i^i-. . . .a.
thou hast. ... him — ki n-i- ... a.
I did (or have) them -^ ///// ;'/-. . .
thou didst (or, have) them ~Jti i>i-
Niii gi'Zi'ahama, I have seen him, I saw him.
^^!!^ g»-~<''iihama, I will oi shall see him.
Nin da-wilbama, I would or should see him; I
ought to see him.
.ag:
^ ■ ^":< i
jVt'u da-g'hzvnbama, I would or should have seen
.». , , him.
Am traudna, I speak to him.
-^J>i manona, ( frcq. ) I converse with him.
Atmi ma, I s.iy to him. or I say snmothin(,' nf
nm.
WafHinn; to-morrow; z.-rifiin/i^- //^'V/r//. to-m..rr..w
mormti'i^k
\\(if)(ini> o)/(/i;(>s/i/i^\ to-morrow ovonitv.
Tihikoun\ last nij^ht.
/\zvi-uišcns(iii\ hoys; /)i:.rs('//M/o\ •^nrls.
7)'hti-oHi>- II ill _iii'-u<i/)(iiiiiin- iiif>i:.;i (m;niv) ilw^*
rcaii: At ni-uTihatnan- „,,/ r,Vi.'r/. ;//// ^i-ua/xinunr,
I\i <(a-^aiioiia iia tioi^s/ A'/i/ na-oanoiia s,/. A/ u-j.
}>(m(ru'('i/)(miai>- iia tihlkouu- iieor'nc i^air //cii/y/ /i
///// ((i-fidiKniil/ximciu- sii, Xiii na--(-iluiiini ' '
II OSS
PVie ninir-a, ,„,1 i.i.i„a (.'coixc. 'I ^ iu\ to (Icorue,
1 told Georj^a'). Xm i:(i-i>(/^viio,iui:- iiiiiihcan: A'i
(f(i-ir/-7V(l/?aiiii, koss. Mi; •^a-zcuhaiiia. h'i do-Zn'iair
A'oss i^aic hi-d. l\'ri/)(i,in- ///,/ aa-i>aiioiia />ci,n- (a
certain ) ////;//. " ' .' ••>
L.-ist nijrht I conversed with thv mother; t
shall see John, I said to her. Tomorrow mnrninir
I shall talk to thy father and mother. Didst thou
liear thosx^ boys? < Ki oi-nomiazcai^- ini omizc kzji-
r:7-s-^//.s7/;-/ ) I heard them and 1 will 'si;eak to
them. Ih.m shouldst have si)oken to her. I sIkiH
speak to her to-m«)rrow mornin^r. Dj.i^t thou
speak to my father? I did speak to him. Didst
thou laujrh at my father? I lauf,-hed at him. I
will hear the hoys to-morrow. Hast thou looked
at the men? I have looked at them.
Okdixaky Wokds and Kxpkks.sioxs.
I have pain in my arm, ///;/ dcz.'inlkc.
" " " M .. hand, ;//// liczviiihidji.
" " . '• M M back. ;//;/ dczi'ipikzv^n.
,, am inclined to vomit, ///// ntdiijid6(}.
V-^
•i\
m
-IN.*!;
ok' .'t'
if
i
Ml
■.r1
•i
i
I
»»
♦ >
51
1 »
11
1'
OomC ffom, «/;,f/ r;„rt'//7;,/, ;//,;,/ J,;,/;/.
think, ;//;/r/ in^ndajn.
think it, ;////r/ indndCin.
think of him, want him (to do s. th.), nind
tmnk well of him, nm mmo indnima.
think bad of him, nin matchi indnima.
think immodestly, nin bishigziCidj indndam, nin
n«, ^ 1 J • , f>ishigzfdddndam.
am ashamed, mnd agdtch, nind ao;atdndam.
make him ashamed, w///^/ aodtdiia.
am ashamed of him, before him, nind agatchi-
, , , , taxva, nind agatdnima.
am ashamed of it, nind agdtchitan.
brin<r It to shame, nind agdtchiton.
am bashful, shy, timid, nind agalchishk.
am angry, /;/// nishkCidis.
am angry interiorly, ;//// ni&hkuddndam.
listen to him with angler, ;//;/ nishkCidisitazva.
am inwardly angry at him, nin nishkdnima.
speak angry, ;//;/ nishkddji gijzi-e, nin nishkasi-
speak angry to him, nin nishkddji ganona.^''^'
do, ;//;/ dddani, nind ijitchige.
do to him, ;//;/ dddozva.
do good to him, treat him well, nin mino dd-
. dawa.
tlo bad to him, ill-treat him, ;//;/ matchi ddda-
Ar. 4.^ 1J- . , , dawa.
do to myself, nin dodas, nin dodadis.
reflect, meditate, nin nandgataxvdndam.
reflect, meditate on it, nin nandi^atazvdndan.
reflect on him, ;//;/ nandgata-.vdiiima.
examine my conscience, \in nandgatazvdnindis.
am sad, n/n ka&hkdndam, nin ziassita^vdndam.
sadden him, make him sad, sorry, nin kashken-
^-11 . ddmia.
am glad, ;//// mtnudndam.
I am Swn^^ it pleased with it, >nn miuzvhidCnu
I am pleased with him, I like him, niu rnhnvd-
I make him pleased, n/n mhnvenddmia. '"'"'''
Other expressions for I am ^riad, pleased: nind
onanigyaidam, nin modjiir^ndam, uind
1 wonder, nm maniakadindam.
1 wonder at it, nin mamakiidhidan.
1 wonder at him, admire him, nin inamakaddni-
i resolve am determined, nin gij^ndam, nin ikitcl'i
inindam.
LESSON IX.
The imperative mood, affirmative and negative
form, of the jirst eonjugation.
Rule \ The terminations of " the imoeratirr.
mood, affirmative form, are ;/, o- da\i\ZTin
characteristic vowel, ior instance: ^^ '^^
Giwen, go (thou) home! {gizi'ekanX)
Gttvejs, go (ye) home! {giweidg: or ei'u>ekie^'\
Gfiv^di2i, let us go home! S^^^emeg. )
«®- The termination kan, plural kee- iq i,c«^
to express a command or eih5rta?ion S a noHt^
manner and may be translated Tn En^Hsh br
the word;>/^«,^, /. i.. nidji, bUjakan olm ir\^l
instead of .,,/^rg! ^^fi 'iermfnXnf ' f^ve The
same meaning. The above remarks apply to the
nrst SIX conjugations. ^^ "^ ^
Rule 2. The terminations of the imperative
T'?^'
X-
<Vi
^.,.
•'»■'■■»»»
hiood, uejjfiiiivc form, are /r;/, /y^v;/, 5.</VA/ addert
to the characteristic vowel; kegoi^ placed before
the verb, for instance.:
Kego ^/"wrken, do (thou) not go home!
,, giwekQgon, don't (ye) go home!
" ^vitrssida, let us not go home!
Kij/ka, he goes quickly.
Kijikdbato^ he runs quickly.
Besika, he goes slowly
BesikdbatOy he runs slowly.
Aidkosi, he is tired.
A7;/fl^ iitizvcb, (i) 1 rest.
iV/V/rf ou/s/U'ci, I arise (having lain down).
A7« pdst'gzvi, I arise, get up, stand up, (from a
sitting posture).
N^i'nd onishkdbato, I rise up quickly, I jump up.
Infui\ man; /iihiiwi, he is a man.
Jkzi'd, woman; ikivew'x, she is a woman.
/izi'hi'/scHs, a boy; kzc/ziw'sensiwi, he etc.
JkzL'hetis, a girl; rl'zcese/is/wi.
Oshkiuazi'c, a young man; oshkinouewi.
Os/ikini'g-ikzve a young woman, girl; oshkinigi'k-wd-
wi: she is a young lady, girl,
Oshki-ini')N\ a young man (not a youth); oshki
im'iiiwi.
Os/iki-i.hie, a young woman (not a j'oung lady)
oshki-ikzi'dyi'x.
ExEKCISK.
A7Ni^:r/ss, nio/ag mi no iji-wdbisi'ir, kego zvika ma-
tclii i/izL'cbisikdn. Kid aiekosivi, hi-aiizvdbio oma
(come and rest here). Migzvctc/i! Kazvin niud aiek-
osissimin; uin bakadcmin dash. Bi-zt'issinig. Weziib
onishkdn. Kego kitimiken. Igizv anishindbeg kazvin
pasigzvissizvag. Anis/iinabeaog, zvezvib pdsigzi'ig!
Wezi'dni anokig! Kego zvika matchi ijitcnigekigon ;
mojag mino ijitchigeg. Onishkdbaton, ninadniss, O'
vishkdbatc...' Azv bebejigdganji (this horse) kijikd-
art very tired- sle^n T.roii 4 V ^^^8^011 )• Thou
She is Lt r^oodSrl shl J.t''\^ ^'^^^ ^^^^?
iiitchigiken ^^n Day alter S'^ ^ ^° *^^^' ^^^'^-^^^
work^(^/.««J;;). £^^^/,^^f,^^«[^ow come and
home! I will not leave and '^^oh""-T T'^ ^''
morrow evening I will le^ve huf T ^V^^^' *""
home; I will /o to tolJ^^R^ihe'^g-o hT^^eTowf
Intermediate Exekcise.
\
iissig\
Jhrnot"^- [-/.... J -,;,;them^ ^.
/rart7« «/« «-«^«,«^55/, I see him not, do not see
KawiH mn u^barndssi^, I see them not, I do^noi
s«e them.
>«>«r
.,-x.
£ r
■ i
46
A'awin nin gi-nonda-wdssi^ I have not heard him,
heard him not.
Kazvin nin ^a-ganondssig, I will not speak to
them.
/ia-u'in nin da-jaivcnitndssi, I should not pity him.
Kaivin ki da-gi-mikwenimdssig, thou wouldst not
have remembered them.
Vin mikwinima, I remember him.
Nin ivaninima, I forget him.
Kitchi, much, very.
Nin kilchi sagia nin mama {^ninga), (my mo-
ther). Nin sagia nin papa {noss), (my father).
Kazvin nin nondazvdsstg ikzu^zvag. Pitckindgo nin
gi-zvdbarii hejig inini. Ki gi-jawdnima na noss?
Kazvin vin g'i-jazvenimdssi koss. Kazvin na ki mik-
zvenimdssig igizv (those) ikzvesdnsag? Geget nin
mikzvinimag gaie nin sdgiag Kazvin na ki sagids-
sig ki papa gaie ki mama? Kazvin nin sagidssig.
Azvassondgo nin gi-zvabamag nibizva (many) inini-
zvag. Kazvin nin gi-zvanenimdssig George gaie Jos'
epfi. i^i sdgiag na? Enange, (yes, to be sure)
nin sdgiag.
Didst thou hate him? I did not hate him; but
I {kazvin dash) do not love him. Wilt thou re-
member the boy? I will remember him. Last
night {tlbikong) I helped a man, {tlbikong nin
gi-jawdnima bejig inini). Thou shouldst not have
helped him. Day before yesterday I conversed
with thy father. I did not see thy mother. I
would have spoken to her. John, didst thou re-
member those {.igiw) men and women? I did not
remember them.
Ordinary Words and Expressions.
I strongly resolve, nin mashkazvdndam, nin son-
gendam.
I rem^mher, vin mikzvendam.
^mmj>
^^^RIBP^'^
■'i
1 »
11
1»
•1
I remember it, ;//« mikrvindiin.
,, tind, ;//;/ mikdge.
II find him, ///•/, mikau-a.
11 imd It, ;//// jnikCiii.
1, }»se ,;.>/ r:.«;/,>,/,,, ;,,>, ::,,;,,>,/ ^.
lose him, ;//// -.vdiiia. '
lose it, ///// -vdnituu.
forget, y//// zvanaidam.
11 It, ;//;/ -^caneiniuii.
11 him, ///;/ waiihiima.
leal-c it'' (^b; Llkt'l'* somewhere, ;//,/ :.^,;//.,.
It, (b3 mistake, forgctfuluess), ,;/,/ r,-,/,//-
I make a mistake, nin -wanitchiVe. ^"''
At, to, from, my home, cndalhn.
" ^^J 11 cndaian.
" ""'■ •>> cndaian n;
" our 1, cndaiang.
your ,, cndaieo-.
T rntno f,." t. ^^^^^ " cndawad.
" fove^ ^°.»^P^."y. ^vith him, ;./,, zvUsika^va.
11 iove, «/// sagiixvc.
11 M him, ;//// Siw-ia,
11 it, «/>/ sdii-iton.
natc, «/>/ Jingdndam.
^^ it, nm jlngdndan.
11 him, nin jinginima.
11 to hear him, nin juigitazva.
,'' " " iti >iin Jlngi'tan.
•t " " ^^"^' /'''^ Jninotazta,
1, ** " ''*' ''^'^ nUnotan.
am hateful, ;//// /ingenddgos,
am amiable, w/V ycl^-i/^ios'i
11
»1
11
11
»««
'X
'^^
.;«:■
K,.
I sulTer, ///;v kolaiiito, iiiiiii Ciiiiniis, nin kotai^hi"
suffer bitterly, ///;/ zi'hsagaidam,
am l)orn, niii ii/i>\ uind oiidi'iiiis.
die, ;//// nib, nin iihhid-hinuidi^.
(lie from some thinj,''. nind dnd/inc.
(lie in a i)laee, nin ddpine,
am augry, ni)i ni:ihkddis.
,, " interiorly, nin nishkddendam.
at him, nin nishkcninui.
make him an^ry, nin niskkia, nin nishkddjia,
talk angrily, ;//// ni:^kkasiiai>os.
anj^er him by my weirds, ///;/ nishkinia.
talk immodestly "to him, ;//// -vinima, (nin di-
sk igzvddj ganon a ) ,
,, talk immodestly, ///// -.clnihigos.
»>
»)
»»
»»
I' <
LESSON X.
77/r snhjundivc mood of the first conjugation
in the affirmative form.
Note 1. The subjunctive mood is far more fre-
quently used in Chippewa than in English. This
is partly due to the fact that the Chippewas
have no' infinitive mood, and partly because the
subjunctive follows after many conjunctions
v.hich in English are followed by the indicative
mood.
Note 2. The subjunctive mood follows after the
following conjunctions: trhi, that, in order that,
to; b'j:a or tchi br^'a, before; gi- (ga-) ishkzi-a-
after; binish tchi, until; tchi iv)-, that, in order
that; kishpin, if; missazc-a. although; mi 'ucnd/i-
{mi ga-ondji- & mi ge-ondji-) therfore; onJJi i-u;
'■i
Š
(expressed or understonr^^ t
whilst;/^,,/,,,, or pfn/^^a% \tlT'' J"'^^'''^
or aiano, although ^ ' ^^^"^' ^^^«5 "'''^
vowels .,, c, /, ^y''"'"^^*""^ to the characteristic
Present tense
iCin
ian
d
Idnt*
ieg
zL'ad
nid (
ng (Imp.)
2cfjd Pers. )
Pluperjeet tense,
iCtmban
iamban
pan
itingiban
iegoban
'vdpan
ngiban
iiipan
i^°lL\^.V:Ta-X fflf'^"™^'^. prefix^./.
I have said. " ' ^"''f'" S'-Mitoian, if
i-./-,H/to,a„, it'Tfhall say ' '""^ '""''"•''^^ '^«^^'«
^x'lj:;^ ^M-rp.'st.T„^^ 'rr .i^n-- "-
gi-tkkitoian, if I shall have safd ^'" •^'''
/..^rj^f'^tttr^^^^^^^^^^^ ^o uiTt: ""^ ''^ "^'
presses suppositions not fulSled f i °/°Ai' ?:
yaiamban oma, kazt'in ,ri., } • }-:/'^^'pin bi-
thou hadst come here 7''^'^-7-'''-^/'^*^«'^V55/, if
angrj. ^^"^^' "^ ^*^"^^ °ot have been
Present tense.
Kishpin «/w/ian, if I dance,
nimiisin, if thou dance,
M «/w/d, if he or she dance
M nimning, if we dance, '
Jf
u
"It,- •
•f ■•■■
-50-
I ;//'//// iofjc, if you diitico,
,, /////i/\\'iu\, if thev (liinco,
,, n/niix\\r, if one dance,
,, ;//V///ni(l, if ho (his son f. i. ) dance.
/*/iiperJ'cr/ tcmc.
,, ;//w/iaml)an. had I danced,
,, ;//w/iamban, hadst thou danced,
,, iiinii\YAX\, had he danced,
,, ///////iauf^'iban, had we (hmced,
,, ///;;// ie<^)ban, had you danced,
,, ////;// wai)an, had they <lanced,
,, ///;;//ng-iban, had one danced,
,, ;///y//ni|)an, had his ( f . i. ) son danced.
Note iS. As there are hvo Jontn for distin-
fiCuishing- the first person phiral -ivc^ our, namely
///;/, we, our, the person addressed jio( included,
and /'/ ikid) we, our, the person addressed beinjr
included, so also there are in the subjunctive
mood and in the participles two forms for ex-
pressinji;- this twofold we, our, namely, icliin\ idii-
i^ihaii, we (the person spoken to iiol included),
and iaii^; itimr-ohaii, we the ])ers(m or pcrs(ms
addressed /)c/>/<^- included: f. i.: ////wiiin^iban had
we slept 'person addressed excluded); ;//7wiang-o-
ban had we slept (person addressed included).
Note •). It is principally by the accent that we
can (listin finish between the first and second per-
son sing'ular, and between the iiic/iisize and ex-'
elusive first person plural, for instance:
Kishpin //ilniiiin, if I sleep,
;,, iiihci'vAW, if thou sleepest,
,, ///7w iamban, if I had slept,
,, ////^(Maniban, if tliou hadst slept;
,, //iif/iang-iban, if we had slept (per soil
addressed excluded) ^
,, /«'5(7 iang^oban, if we had slept (person
addressed included).
f?iiin:?:i
-^^'m^''
"iMi'^i-m^-
■'^JjK
-51-
f.-L , -^ S""J">?'^tions both in the aftirina-
ive and no«-ativc l..rm; honce tlu-v nec not
P^ c cV ;n; "r '*! '-'^ ^"''J^niaive mood an<l
part eiplcs of the hrst six con UK^■ltions; Imt in
the tonrth conjuf,ation both forms will be i?ven
as they each have their peculiar terminations.
Vocabulary.
Trh\ tchi :.■/- that, t.., in order that.
nz^a, Irlii /m-a, before.
f'V- (,!>■(/-) /s/ihid- alter.
/<h,„mf, faiiinui ap,\ after, afterwards
nniish, hniish tchi, till, until
M/ssa-^'ci, althoujrh.
Mi z.nidji- imi ira-oudji- S:
mi gr-ond/i-
when,
when.
there-
fore.
.Vro-u-(i, wliilst.
• I//, wlien.
Ani^hzL'iii.^ Whv.
^Vcgoncn z,c„dji- Cur^v^n, ga-ond/i. a'- z,^,.oncn
\- ■ , ,K'--(»i(ili-) whv? for what reason v
^JJ' ^'f'^'^^v//. (/,, I sit up straiL.ht. "•
1*1- refers to comiuir.
.\in tii/xKL' (i), I s?and.
^\/n mi mad ah (/), I sit.
Xni irclha'a' (/), I stand."
.\in jioi^i, I stoj).
X/H noi^ibato, I stop running-.
.\ni mnn.'ah (/), I sit comfortablv
Xn manahin^l sit badly, uncomfortabl v
• \mamiab (jj, I sit elsewhere. ''
Mnd danab (J) I sit in a certain place.
Xin ntganab (/), I ^\x foremost, ^
r.
'S
M
■t-M
«
:,5»
A'/// hlih.r/> (/). I sit /W/ ///</.
.W// ;////'//' "■'. I ^it on the hare ^miuiiU.
Xiu hiiiiidnh (/•, I sit ()l>li(iuely.
.1;.7- rclors to i^vin^ii-; t^'/- to z.illing.
KXHKCISK.
/i7 i^ail-fikos, /i-i<</ipt'ii nilniiaii. hi iia-minntchii^c
a-is/ipw z.'cz.rni z.-k<s/h//<i>/. /u A'V/-i,'/''<«^/ A'/>///'///
"inzci'ni < lor a lotij^ time) iiihciz.-iiaii oimi. .\iii
%i-iiii(huiii Ir/ii In.'u maci/aiuii. MoJul:.- muiniit'!^-
Ichi b-.L'ii ivhuniieo;. .\'/i/ou-/\^s, hi<i'i:fsiiiiii, ki ba-
kadc s</. Xiii lua'nia, kai.u'n noiiovm tint z^v-v/sy-
;//>.n/, kiizciii nui^hi liin lHikiHic:>^i\ pdtuma hakaitc-
idii z.rz.riii iiiii <!(i-z.-/ss///. .A'-w/.s L>i-kitiniailifi
(was poor) hiiiis/i lii-iiihoil Ir/u/uiidtiLiOiiii- 'until
ho (lied on the cross). Anh/izjiii iiiajii!^- hapinnt.
(u^ort ki /hipis/ik. .\/iss(iZi<i ndiiin^vlinono ciinniiia-
i,,,?, kiiz.iii ki i-iui-iiih^i iii/iiionK »">"'. ^>''';'.''''"-';'":
zi-aii. Wfiioiicii z.'cndji-iuaz.'id iizj z-^"/'''- _ ]'' '^.f'"'
ji-niaz.id i(i-iiih<>iiid 'i)//i(//(ii/is.<(H/. \\'rz:'ni/ iiuiniz.'O-
'hiii, kci^v hiniiddhikcii. Ai/is/iii/dbc^- )/(/>//i{^/i!/ in/-
t(i/)iz.-a^\ kitchi niokonnnnti;: dus/i ( Amorivatis > op
dhizjiiniio- U'hair) nll/l/dd(lbiz.•(l^■. h'lj^v iinit^-otc.
i/dkeii hzcd iidz.'dkzi'Cii:
Xooihatoii, i/iiio-uw'ss, (K<dni kid iiiekos,^ ki ^vd-a-
kos li'sd/u eiiiook U)imihatdiau. Ii>;izc ikzcczi'^^u; i'oii'i-
n-dhazi'izciio. '.!:.• /;///// niinzvdhi, azi' das/i ikz^r ma-
luihi. /nhiizcidoi!^! iiiuiivtrhi bakdit (somewhere
else) iizci-diidald^\ i<iizc ikz. z.-a^- o/ini :.i-hi-mniuf
dahizi'iii!,: /oliii,' azci-iili^onahiii, kin das/i, ./c"Hi->.
tiz.i-i.^/ikz.-Mii/ z.ru Xihiz.a aiii^/iiiidhi'g /r/i/'ii-i<t
kzcand (near the (loon nibdzi-izi'dii- hiiii</i tchi i>/i-
kzi'd-andniiaiio: \ [ \\oo)ic>i zciUidJi-kitinidiii^i zfdd iii-
/)iz^'(i henuidisidjii>- '* persons, i)eople)? Mi -'f^\i-V'-
kiliiiidi>isizi.ad, ' ki/i/i/i.</ikizjad, mniikz.r^/ikiz.tn'^
ii-aic. 'Wegonen ga-undji-nihod /esu:> tchibaidtigouj^
'Kinavjind gi'ondji-niho (he (iied for usj, baia-ijf^
u'ihisiiang? Nlmhhhi (she has the baci habit ^^
ol
(laiictn^,^)^ a:y osUw/^-M'ur, mi ;jni,iil')nah-J,l'ijl:.i'.
f'lsici. A J.s-.svAv.v/, (father) ;//// i^;i-/.i/h)ii!<i/s/w/it a pi
Mr-»iii(ij(iniii. /\,!>;> ni('i(i/iilrn,^ i/o.<s//i<ui, on/a nhin
hnmh trin ti/ho/aii, h'^o „iii^o(r/ii /nikiin i/akni,
mil iia-lhlpnioiinioniiii (we shall rejoice, '
triad), kr.ltpni iiiti(i/ii.<<:i-..tiii.
lNTKi<Mi;niATi.; Exkkcisi:.
Affinnatii'c. Xaratiir.
He.. ..him \ )
)e
he... .them i" '"' ^
.ins/'.'.
Jnl/// o -..'C/hai/icl// : f;ro>-nr dash ka-..'i// o waha-
///(!.<.<///, John
.Maf\
sees
ohj. t, hut
(> //o//(/az,d// on/ /I
him, her, it ( an.
(ieorye does n<>t see him ete.
ossa// i^a/'c, Mary hears
, , ., , li«-'r mother and" lather,
Ji///r o k/kci/zn/d// ih.rsn/sa//, .lane knows the
nil . J^'"''''-
I (1(1- ka:.'/i/ o o-auouassn/ /i//i//'z.aii, IVter does
not speak (talk) to the ma or i,, the men
I J0//1/ hazc//i o }>/-k/kciiiimh^iii //ossai/ naic kossa//
} John did not know mv father and thv father.
, '\lic/Hel o sag/an kiL'hcistUnaii, kazL-in dash o sd<'/-
> ass/ii ikzL'cs^iisaii, Michael loves the hov Tor
I boys), but he does not love the g-irl (or irirls^
J//;;i?, gooa. well.... n?:;f^;//, well.
Match/, bad MamaiiJ, badly, neg-ligently. not
right.
X/'n kikfi/ima ^eiv/^ni o-aie John o k/kciiimai/.
jo/iii ka-,v/ii m/kzrcii/mdssiii i/ossai/, Marx da^h
'n'l: "7 ''"■^-'''"'■'"^'"- lu/zvi,/ ki sdo-/dsš/ koss,
I etc r dash o sdn,ai/ kossai/. Eliza o ica/ih/iindii o-
M/n (her mother., ,//;/ da.h (but I) kazcii, im/
zja//ci//ii/ass/ i/n/oa. M„y o lui/io i^a//az.-doa///dii
/A-zirsn/sai/ n-cc i/in. i/i,, n/iiio nanazcdl>a/i/ai'- ik-
zccsti/saii: hi sd^/a<>- kz,'izc-isn'<ao- <>-aie Maitiv o
sau-uiii kzL'/zvisaisai/. /ohn o mikzlri/iii/d/i iia { ii/a ,
Nassau gate miigaiaii.' (^Does John remember my
'^•^^?^&/:
K
..., i.
.-:<;2
:!}»*^
M.
•■-1
■':r*-:
father atid mv mcthcrV^ / h> o mlkz^rnlnuhfiu
kos$an ^■(^ic fc'i'iiauui. (K .1 - not remember thy
father 'and thv motl. ' .;/..'/</ o malr/it supoti
iiii)ihcaii, niu'diis/i, X-. . ./ /■'' nui/r/u >v?i,'Vf/»7 /n/-
Did John talk vest' .!.i\ hHc/ii'iCn>v) to thy
father? Yes, he talk* I t.. -^m- fa'lv"- yesterday
niornin^r ^ pi/r/iiiit't^v /v- '/ It's " heard the
women? No U-au-'lin, ' . i ..^ • -rd the nu-n.
Does J(din lovo his laiier? • ■ ./ m ini os^mi
Joliiih John loves his n >the / / v o .^li^/a/i o-
i>/n), hut he does not l"Vc nis la, '.icr.
OkDINAKY WoWIS and Kxi'Kl-SSIONS.
I envy, ;//// /■//</ ti •(•'//(///-,"'. '/'''''' iiitiiir.vnnijnir.
,," 111' 1, ///// /cijiiiA'iiinuK )iiii mti^au'niiniti.
., it, ///// k'i/ini-anidii, 11 in oaiidur/u/dfi.
,, am proud, ///// nianiiiKiilis.
^ inwardly, ///// nuiniiiiCidciiditni.
., boast, bra},^, iiiii nuiniikua^.
,, ti<^ht, ;//// Jii/o(is.
,, ,, him, I/ ill )in^\iiia.
,, ., it, ccmibat it, oppose it, ;//// inJi^iuidn.
,, wrestle, niii mamiiiiis.
They wrestle together, niamigddizi'ag.
I am humble, ///;/ tabasseiiiin, nin tahassintndn,
nin tdbasscndCin uiiazc.
,, recover (from sickness), ;//;/ nodjim.
,, cause him to recover, I save him, ;//// nddji'
moil.
,, make it recover, 11 iu uddjimoton.
,, tish (with a net), ;//;/ pdgidiK.u,
, hook, ;//;/ zv(':.rbaiidbi.
The fish bite „ swallows mv hook, ni)i <^diid(ni/ao-
I am lazv, fii'f kilim.
,, ,, habitually lazy, nin kitimi$hk\
,, work, '"';/(/ anoki.
A'"/A'"-
^'^Krfmijfw^.
^P^
'v^T^
p
I work for him. ;//;/,/ fn,ol//u:;„.
„ make Inm work. ii,)i(/ anokh
.. work with him. uin '.vhiiaimUnui.
.. am in<liistriouH. ///;/ „ihUa„ok'i.
.. am iloan, ///// hniis.
It is di<an. hinaiL
'rhf li<|ui(l (watiT otf i i^ .-l.-.m i- ■
J m.iki- Ucan, ///// hniitchiuy^ -^
.. am .loan of hc>art. niu'^hinich'r
., make hnn iniro heartc-.l. ////, i,hn\f,'ra
M cioati hull. ///// />,,i/(i.
.. speak mndcstly t., him. ///;/ hhiiwa
<' ^-l^-an It, inirily it, ;//// /,nu/o,i
.. am umloaii, dirtv. nin :,;-„/<
It IS utK-loati. (lirtv, :.7//„r/.
I Ho i(,uul is unclean. :./„,}.„, ji/.
I make some thinjr dirty, ///y, :.v;//A-/./.>..
.. make him dirtv. ///// :.7>//,,.
.. make it dirtv, ;//>/ zjinilon
,. speak immo,Iestly, ;.,V/ :./;/,V./.v... ;,,;, :,,;,/.•./:
,, am able. ///// ^dshkiton.
., am unable, n'in lK,dnaz.uton. kaz.hi uin gasldi-
,. gain him, prevail upon him to do s. thf'/'^';
„ cannot gain him, prevail upon him, ^'f^.
.. make a fire, uin boda-we. "'''''"''' '"'" ^''''"""^
„ extinguish a fire, nind ilieiire.
vU .,
i«i::
>56^
13
l:-1
■t
LESSON XL
On the Subjunctive mood, negative form, of the
first conjugation.
Nbte 1. There is considerable similarity
tween the terminations of the affirmative and
gative subjunctive.
be-
ne-
Affirmative
idn
ian
d
iiing
ieg
wad
ng
nid
Negative
zvan
zvan
g
zvang
zveg
Affirmative
idmban
ianlban
pan
idngiban
iegoban
'j.'apan
ngiban
nipan
gzi'a
ng
nig
Present tense.
/H'itossiwS.n, If, that, I say not,
iMitossi wa.n, ,, thou
iikitossig, ,, he
iMitossiwang, ,, we
iMitossiweg, ,, you
ikhitossi gwa., ,, they
ikkitossing,
ikkitossinig,
Negative,
tvamban
wamban
goban
-u'dngiban
zvegoban
g'waban
ngiban
nigoban
»»
11
one ,,
his (f. i. ) son says not.
Pluperfect.
iHitossi wnmhsin, had I not said.
ii'kitossi wamhan,
ikkitossi goban,
/^XvVoi'iv'waugiban
ikkitossi wegoban,
ikkitossi gwaban,
/-^/'/Vi>55/ ngiban,
/i^i^-Z/oi-.s/nigoban,
n
thou ,,
he ,,
we ,,
you ,,
they ,,
one , ,
his (son) not said.
n
1»
»«
AV« sag'tjssTixi, I smoke (a pipe).
„ ag'u.<an(udjige, I chew (tobacco').
„ piuddkzve, I snuff.
,, manepiva, I have no tobacco.
i\ind opzvdgan, my pipe.
Asshna, tobacco, snuff.
PindakzL'd-u)i)i, snuff.
Ass^ma-makak, snuff-box.
hhko/dns, (little fire), a match.
A/;/ sagasszc'd/d/min, we smoke together, hold ad
tv,„.^„ ,.,... , Indian council.
.Sr/^^«55-a'f</^/:,7;//;/^, to, at, from att Indian coun-
^J^!,'^^^^^^'^^^ I confess, I cast awav.
\\fbnn^cng ija, he g -es to confession.
mbiui^eng oudjiba, he comes from confession.
I^ndaji-u^ebiniireug, where one confesses, confes-
zp-'- . , "^ional.
'^;^^/.^' one inintrot).
i\ij\ two.
NissTvf, three.
uV/zi'/n, four.
Ndnau, five.
Ningotzvassivi, six.
Njjwdsswi^ seven.
Nishwassu'i, {ish-u'ass-u.'i) eight.
Jangassu'i\ nine.
Middssxvi, ten.
,, «5/;/ 3^//]^, eleven.
«//' twelve, etc.
Nijtana, twenty.
A /55/;
hsimimldana, thirty.
Ximidana, forty.
Niuihnidaua, fifty, etc.
EXEKCISK.
Ka-xin ki da-gi-rd-osissi, sagass-u'assizi'amban, o-
$am gi-sagasszidiaii, mi ga-ovdjMlkosiian. John
;,w^ j«
vk.
''A,
•V
h4i
■ - J
^ .
^^1
:.N.
{}i>'ivanencijij:^i\ tch^'on fhis wife) dash pJndclk-we'
il'cin. A in' man^p:va^ ikkito azij anhhinabe, ka-
will azi'iia opzvc'to-aii, kazvin j[>'(n'e ass^ma. Anind
ishkotdiisini oina aiazvan. Azv ikzL'C z:'i)iidc)ii<(o))ic
(has a dirty nose), osfun iuo/iii>- pJiidilkzL'cd, pin da-
A *
i'l^skki
11 a he i^
i>r<^r/. Xoii^oni /a-si/^-dSsz^r/c/izi'do- aui<.lii-
Mashkl-Sibiniy, ki zci-iju, na i^'aic kin, sa-
iiasszL'Ci'dizL'iniiii*? /uizvin nin z.w'-i/cissi, nin zci-bos
is/iko/r-oda/)(inini>\ Wikzi'i'doiii^- das/i nin ^ad-i/ii.
/lis/ipin zfCZLCiii z^'chin i<^i'ssizin>\ kiizcin ki i^'ad-ijih-
sim i(//ii>'on<>;: /^e'/ii^' inini jais^zja aia cndaji-z^-cbi-
iiinrno: (uiic nin, nin oad-ija zi.'cbinii>rn^- z^'dbani*:
Akidcisszi'i ininizi.'ai>; ni/zi'dsszi-'i ikziczi-a^; i^aic
n'ljtana abinodjiiai^- iibizi.ai>; ananiiczii<^(inii<>vno:
/s^izv nij ininiziHiii; kaz^in da-^'i-<>iZL'as//kzirbissizi'(ii^'
kis/ipin !>'i-pindioTssii>'zi.'dban sii^u'nii^cz^'i^dniiiron^-
(those two men would not have become dnink,
had they not ^one into the saloon;. J/issazi-a ki-
/inid^'isiian, ki ^a-kelii'ii^r-/azirnd(i^'os ozcaiak binia-
disiian, maichi iji/r/iii^rssizi'an i^aic. Xi/ nabc-paka-
dkzi'ciag' niii>ddizi'ai>' ( lig-ht tog-ether), esJikant, r.</i-
kani nishkddisizi'd^- (angry) kitchi takz^andizcai*;
niiskzi'iz^'izi'ai(, ta-ondjinczcao; bdniiiissii(ZL'a (they
will die of it, unless they quit, g-ive up).
Where is my pipe? {anindi nind opzi'dguin?) I
wish to smoke. Thou wilt do well, if thou dost
not smoke; thou art sick. I want to smoke onl}-
for a short time {zvenibik eta go nin zvi-sagass-
zi.'d). Those three men are industrious, but those
four are lazy. Men. (ininizi'idog!) you will be
poor, if you don't work well. Go and work in
my tield. If tkon dost not go away, / will go a-
way. If they don't go home, they will play here
all day ikahe-gijig /a-odaniinozcag onui).
m
■ !'!
■^i.*1^'
^l
hi
Ki
Ki
59- ~
IXTEK MEDI ATK ExK K CISK.
I . . . . thee ki
L. . . .you /•/.
z^rdniniin, I see thee.
.111.
ill/ III' 111.
-cdbaiiiniiiinii,
kikhiiiitiii, I
I See 30U ( plural ).
know thee, I uni
/i7 kikciiiiiiiiiiiiim, I know
.AV;; bia, or,, ;//// /^v//;/(^ I
you, I am :
with you
await him, I
Nlii iidinioiiia,
Xiii iiuhcinia.
I call him.
I weep for him, cry for
acquainted
with thee,
acquainted
(Plural,.
wait for
him.
Oiiia, here. . . . Waii or hiuii, there.
him. be-
wail him.
Bl-ijiDi oina! come here! (thou) oiiddss.! oiiddsli-
Wcdi ijaii: g-o there! (thou) Ikoodn /nui! Vru a-
wav there!
lil-ijao oma.
come here! (you, several) oiidiislui<j;.
Wcdi ijdgl
g-o there! (vou).
oiidCn
Xossc! (vocative case) ki zi'iduiinin i^aie ki ki-
kiiiiinin. ^^jugej Bl-ijan oma! Xoiiirom ki -^'dba-
iiiiii zi'e'j,'eiii. Xiiijfvviss, (my son) Xv" sdQ-iin. Xiii-
Ki babiiiiiiiiin. JKin^'iii
John dash o babiaii.
ki
gaic
ii'i-ii'aiioiiin.
ii'(i-i>'iiii'(i II II 111 III I III ,
ign
niiiiizvag.
bcjio-
bi(Lss/o- kwizi-iseiisag;
. Pifrhiiidgo^ ki gi-zjdbaiiiiii
Peter gaie Paul, ' :.-dbaiig ki
noil <>•() III dash iiiii i^d gaud nag
mil
Viiigz.w'ss ki ga-jaz,-i^i!imiii
O gaiiazcdbaindn ikz.rz:aii. Jkz.c o gaiiaz.'dba'
■^
r.
1».
60
mdn inni/u'dfi. X/'n ivdhamni* nij (two) ikzvc^fu'
sa^. Ki Jhisrcninim. John o jhii^-hiinuln Pcicrau,
giiic Peter o ihigfuimCui Joh)Hi>h
Blather, I love thee. Mother, confe here! I have
expected (awaited) thee and now I call thee. I
pity you and I love you. I should have waited
for him; I did not wait for him. I shall await
thee tomorrow. Go there! I weep for thos^ men.
He does not weep for them; he does not love
them. I know thee. I love ym. He called my
father. She hated her mother and father. To-
morrow morning I will see thee and and I will
speak to thee.
Vocabulary.
I abolish it, ;//;/ aiiootoii.
,, am absent, iiiiidiueud, kinvin Ji'md ahhs.!.
,, cairy him, uiiid ijhvimi, iiiii bimh.-iua.
,, ,, it, niud ijizl'idoti, iiiii hiiiiizcidoii.
,, ,, ,, for him, ///// bimivcidiKva.
,, ,, him away, uin mddjimi.
,, ,, it away, "along-, ///;/ mddjidon.
,, ,, him on my back, ///// bimoma.
,, ,, it ,, ,," ,, uin himondau.
,, ,, ,, on or in me, uin gigishkazva.
,, ,, a pack, load, on my back, nin bimiwand.
,, ,, ,, heavy pack, nin kosigozvane.
,, can carry him on my back, nin g-ashkdma.
„ „ „" it „ „ „ nin gashkdndan.
,, carry him on my shoulders, ;/;;/ biminigwia.
,, ,," ,, out, nin sdgisia, nin sagidina.
,, use it, nind oion, nind dbadjiion.
,, ,, him, nind azva, nind clbdd/ia.
He is useful, dbadisi, mino indbadisi.
I use it well, ///// mino aion, nin mino indbadji-
ton.
,, ,, ,, badlv, nin matchi awn, nin matchi ind-
bddiiton.
kSJTfk.
-61-
[ accompany, uiii -xldji'nvc.
, ,, him, jr<) with him, iiiinL-i(i/hi.a.
, g-o about with him, ;//// b'dnhvidihva.
, accuse him, ///;/ batCiina.
, ,, ,, falsely, nin hhii<.hinia.
, am accustomed to him am familiar with him,
ni)i iiagadeuima.
, ,, used to it, 11 in uaoadhidCtu.
, oi)en the door, nin fakiikondn is/ik-zvdndeni.
, shut the door, ///// i^-ibuhvaCin is/ilcziuindeni.
The door is open, pahikossin iihkzcdndem.
,, ,, ,, opened, pakakonii>;dde ishkivdndeni.
.. 11 11 shut, i^ibcfkossin ishkzvd)idem.
The door is made' shut, i^-ibiikzcaigddc is/ikzrdn-
deni.
I shut him up, lock him in jail, ///// syibdkzvazva.
,, am locked up, shut up in jail, nin gibakzvaii>^as.
,, shut it up, nin gibdkzi.'adn, nin gihissagaCin.
,, raise, open a window, nind ombindn 'zvass,ctehi-
i>'on.
,, put down, close the window, ///// nissindn zcas-
se/r/u'i>(in.
,, brinjr him across a river, or lake in a boat,
n fid Cijazviwnu.
,, ,, it across in a boat, nind djazvaodon.
It is broug-ht or conve^ved across a river in a
boat, djazvaodjigdde.
LESSON XII.
On the '"Change''' of the //-5/ vozvel in verbs
and prefixes.
Note 1. In many languages, both ancient and
modern, a thauge is made in verbs to express
<
iVv'
^.
•JK
■(>2-
u
•«1i
''■%'
|.:5
U»^
-A.
past action, f. i., in latin: cvrpit, cepit, conc/pio;
in Enfrlish: I f/o^ht, I IV^.v^-ht, I s,r, I stnj; in
(xerman: ich wrnle, icli wv/rde; icli r//fc, ich r/Vf.
In German and in Hollandisch tliov use the pre-
fix nr: f. i., ich sjirrvhe. ich hahe i,'vsprwhen.
So also in Chippewa there is a cha'no-e in the
/irs/ foz.r/ of the verb, or in the prelixes. in the
participles and in the subjunctive mood after
certain conjunctions and adverbs; f. i., ;//// n;ur,
I g-o home; ///// i^uzvc'^u, I who j^o home.
Rule I. The '-Chanjr,." is made in all partici-
ples, either in the body of the verb itself, or in
the adjective or prelix before it; f. i., riad, he
who is; mnio-aiad. he who is well: k(-tchi-mino-
aiad, he who is vcrv well; livz-kitchi-mino-aiad,
he who was very well"; g-r-<,n-kitchi-mino-aiad. he
who shall have been verv well. Fn.m the above
examples it will be seen that the "Chang-e" is al-
ways made in the vciy fi)\^t prelix, all subsequent
prelixes being united by /ivp/iens.
Rule II. The "Changfe"' is alwavs made to ex-
press periodica/ actions; f. i., pdhiur ;//sM(u//s/
John kzcctao-iuyjji,^ j,,hn is immediately angrv
whenever he suffers. Da^sinv; p(indi<rcdjm sii^iiii-
iiCici^-dmityoni^; i^/z.un/ikz.rhi', whenever" he enters
a saloon he gets drunk.
Rule III. The "Chang-o" is mad? in sentences
which express actions or events />/.s7 parsed: f. i..
iiii-iuddjad /v>.s\s-, iii-ik'kitoz.'an; iz.\ when thv fat' ."r
h:id g-one away they said this.
Rule IV. The "Change'" followed by the sub-
ntiidivc mood is made after the interrogative ad-
verbs anin, how? what? and auiuizjapi? (shorter:
auni dpi?) when? f. i. aii/ii eji-aiaian? \w\v eirt
thou (how are tou)? Aninh.i'api ncmadwiaii^
When wilt thou leave? Aninh^api ge-Bi-iiad?
u-hen will he come?
Rule \ The "Chatio-e" f,>lIowe,l l,v tlie parlici-
pic V, made after the intern.jrative proncuns ./:..^
ncn^ (sin-., wh.»? .,:./;/,•'//,/-/ (plural, who'^ f {
inc^nen niciud/aii nouiivmr ^-hn is leavin- ni.w"'^
hen'v'"?', ';r' '^'^A''^^- "»'^'-' ^vho are '::„minj.
here? ''^ ' * ^''' '^^"-^' '^^^^ '"''' ^'""^"^S
Rule VI. -The Chan,;c." followed hv the ..»/.-
sIipV,! V ';• "•^^')\''f'^'/'''-^/>>/''V'v/.^' what (lid he
^she) do.' Amu ckkilod.' what d(,cs he sav''
Rule VII. The "Chan-e- followed hv the suh-
J''>"fnr mood IS made in hidhrrf (,uesti..ns of
///r%>.,/. I know what he docs (is d..in-;; nm
n..;Mcn,a^ ckk,i6.vad /;>■/,, huuiz^a^, I "under'
stand what these men sjtv.
Rule VIII. The "Ch.-mjre" followed by the
subjunctive moo<l is made after c,p/, when- /"/
^;A, at the time when, then: f. \Japi u^Uuiiall
htr/n cm.-oku- whenever the Black--own Tpriest
preaches, he speaks very loud. (^^-du.^Jl^
nn^^up, M-a-nunOad, when I h..d arrived, then he
. Rule IX. The -Chan^.e- followed bv the svV;-
jnncliz'r is made ^^rucra//v after cn.'/ndi.' where'^
t. !., annnii ::r;/.//VAv/V/;/.-' whence dost thou come'-'
Annnh cjazjdd/ whither do thev .ro''
made alter (iu,u nuuik? how much? "f. i ari-i
ihl!:i^'T"'":i c'^' ^^^^'^v^^-'^"^ h-^v much d.;- .
this bread cost.^ So also after the words ;;;/ ;;,/-
«?/&, enagmsod, it costs ten cents (literallv ten
cents, so much it costs). ^^teraiij, ten
C
J
r^
1-^
«■^'41
I! ^. ■'
I
Rule XI. The "Change" with siibjuuctivc is
made after auin dassing? how often? how many
times? f. i., anin dassing ga-matchi-ikkitoian?
how often hast thou spoken ill? So Iso after
the answer mi ^ndassing, so often; f. i., nissing
sii, mi (fndassi/ig ga-matchiikkitoidu^ (more com-
nienly nissing, (three times) iiin gimafchi-ikkit).
Rule XII. The "Change" is made in sentences
expressing comparison containing in English the
conjunction; as, f. i., icewhii ijizv^bisin szvangana-
middjig ejizvdbisizvud, live upright «5 good Chris-
tians live.
Rule XIII. The "Change" with the subjunc-
tive, is made after kdkina, misi, minlk, all; zi'^go-
togzvcn, whatever (followed by dubitativc subjunc-
tive); f. i., nwjag debzve azu ikwe minik ^kkitod,
that woman always speaks the truth, whatever
she says; kakina gaijitchiged, all that he did;
misi gego ga-vjdbandang, all that he saw; Tvdgo-
togzven ged-ikkitogzven, whatever he shall say.
Rule XIV. The "Change" is used in some
tenses of the subjunctive mood in the "dubita-
tive" conjugations; f. i., ikkitogzven, if he per-
haps says.
Rule XV. The "Change" is generally, not al-
ways, employed after mi, so; f. i., mi ckkitoidn,
so I say; mi cnddjimod, so he relates.
Note 2. The Change is made as follows:
a (accented) is changed into aia, f. i., akosi — aia-
kosid.
a (without accent) is .,
e (accented) ,, ,,
€ ,, ,, abi — ^bid.
aie ,, ,, bejigo — baA
^jigod.
a f. i. nibawi — naba-
wid.
i (without accent) ,, ,, „ e „ „ n/bo — n^bod.
1 (accented)
»> »» M
Q (accented)
»» M
M wa. f. i., b^si— bwasid.
(>•<-
o (without aoooiit I is cli.'ui«ro(l into :.v" for iti-
st;iiu\', ^><4^iiii;i\vi-\\<<»"itn;i\vi(l.
Note .^. Some verbs bciritniitii,'' with i/ iinUi-
the Chanj^e by prefixing- the syllabK- ci/: I. i.,
;//// t/(i, I dwell; <v/(laian, where I stoj) or dwell.
Note 4. The prefixes are "chanj^ed" as fol-
lows:
jfi- is chan«fed into i,'V/-( refers to the i)ast.
jfad- is ,.
bl- ,,
wi- ,,
awi- ,, ,,
ashi- ,,
niino-,,
kitchi,, ,,
matchi is ,,
ka^ig-e ,, ,,
ako- ....
ani-
bimi- ,, ,,
A'''-
hti-
r::'/-
cs/ii-
IIICIKl-
hir/ii-
mctrhi-
luture<
eoininti-.
proaehinj^.
willinjr. ititencl-
in«if.
«roinjr.
addition (and >.
wliat is y-ood.
,, j4Ti'at,
mikh.
l)ad.
ever-
lastini;-.
,, cko- means s.iiicc.
on'- ., (1/0//0:
, ., ., /r/n/- refers tt) jifoinijf by, pas-
^ !^injj: throug-h.
de- .. ,. ., (^a/r- means C)ioiio-/i, $u§icicut.
iji- ,, ., ., c//- means a$, like.
<laji- ., ., .. ciidaji- refers to where, locali-
ty.
dassin«>-., ,, ,, cj/dass/z/o; mean'^ ko:.\ tis. o/Av/.
Kxi;kcisi:.
Mnio-iji i.'cblsidjio- i>;ijii^oiiii; /(i-/jiiz.'a<^\ nictrjii-iji-
-urhis/djiir liui^/i aiu'uiiakainii:; kCc^ii^r /^kkofcii^- ta-
ijdzca^. Kitchi ^oiii^iuidniia Marx paudii^xdjii'i ami-
ini&u'i^dmiiConi>: (ia-nibud Joliiu iii^tiddjaicaii oi>-
r:'/.<s(r>i. An in zi'n-i/ifc/iio\'ian, )iind<ini<s?' Auin iwa-
Z'.
'^i
i
rv
V
"f-
■4Z'^-
/>t j^cf-h/')}i(ii//\</'</ /r!iu.< omtt aiinn? Az.i'iien mew id
A:i-('ii('jj(/i>- o(i-nii//M-u'('<///i>- l^likoh'z.'ubof \ I 't'^oucn
,l>ii-iH-ito(i (i:.< iku'c' h'a i>-('no ,iii-ii-Ji-/fos<^l/Aiiiit
H-kitoii ki papa? Xiii hakaitc, iiin :.■/■:,/.<.<///, mi
H'kilod. Aiii:>)iiiidl>c</(in\ aiiiii x^'a-iji/r/iinc/cn:^ ,\'/,/
'i/sai^assyadimi//, nihiica taijai.'dir sai}-a.<s:'^r/d/\'i-
Nti/o; hi iiissitiUau-a iia < do'st thou "iindiTstiind )
azi' Ofr/iipz^r aiiis/iiiid/n' ckkitod.' Xin iiis>i/(Uau-a
sa kakiuo miiiik ckkHod. Xin kiknidan misi n(Xo
^^•a-ijitr/ii^r:jad o-^ozj (those-) k:.'i:.'i.«'j/sa^- /i/fihu'/n-.
/i///rk/^r :.•(((/ su-a//i^d//a)/ii(fd/ii^- iiin z.-i-ijitrliii>;c.
^i>-aic iiiii. B/'-Zi'/saif/ii'- r/i(/(//('ii/ i in niv house ) api
Jaiiizja z:ur-mdd/airi>:
(ia-a//dmiad, mi i^z-i^/z.rd. Auiudi z.'Oidjihdzjad
oooy ikz.-i'zja<>-? OdiUiani^- sa mi ima z^'cndjihaz^'ad,
odhian;:; oiidjUH'tz.utii: (icovt oiii/i.^/ii ki mos/iz.rm:
(imu miii/k ^■a-ij/a^i//.<od/ />(i/<^:.-d,' ik iS/.oo) mi
miiiik iidiiia^iii^od. An in i/(/šsin<^- u;cd ijaian and-
mian^- non^om iiiJiLivk.' Xi^sin^' n'in i-ad-i/a, ///-
zi'd) ::/<r /xdssiz.ui i^O'iiion^- chid cjizjH)i<.iif i bo ;is
vour Father in heaven.)' Wctrotonz^'cn i>rd-inakoni-
lii'ii'zi-en mckatcz.'ikz.-anaic (whatever ' the i)riest
may order. re<,ailate ) kdkina zjcz^'cni nin oadi//-
tchior. /i(yii>- i^i-mitdz.r-/r//di;iso (is reported
burned) afiinddji, mi cnddjimod azc inini.
Whore did thy mother g-o vesterdav? She wont
to the store. What did she do there?" She boug-h1#
meat ( r.vVV/.s- o iii-^ishpinadon ). How often didst
thou confess? I confessed twice ini/ino-). Did vou
hear the Indians sin^^^ We heard thein. How "did
they sing-? They sang- well. Uost thou know
what thou saidst day before yesterday? I know
what I said. I did not sav anVthing- bad. When
wilt thou go home. This evening- I will go
home. When thou prayest, i)rav well; don't look
about {kri>v ningoiclii indbikcn).
.67-
Vorl)S in dz.a,
awa
,. cwa
,. .. t'wa
In'tkkmkutatk Exkwcisk.
Xoto. Verbs in a-.^ut ohang-c azjiii into «;/.
au'ti ,, a;.' in ill ill ., oiiiiiim-.
conirHctid from iw.-a^ chan^-o.
mm in into (/^>//,
tiiiii.'ti chan^'i'.
iuncininini into aoninim.
troiii coua, chanjjfi- <v/-
r.v'y/ into <vy//,
.. .. ., ( chanji'e t'uu'i-
ninin/ into ran in in/.
Mcncc {(}r the above elasi^es of verbs we have
the follovviiiju^ terminations:
I thee, an, iron, ron
I you, (ininiw, aoninim. coninini.
h'i zjin(i(i:n(in, I tell thee, from nin •..'indamuiiii,
,■.,... I tell him.
/v/ zchidt nidiunini, I tell vou.
A'iif ininCijdon, I send thee, from /////,/ ininCijihcu,
....... ' ^ send him.
hni niinCijddninini, I send yon.
Ki pa ki Icon. I strike thee," from nin paiifni-a, I
..... strike him.
hi pakifroninini, I strike you.
hi (Iddon, I do to thee, from ;//// lUniaxi-a. I do
,...,,.. to him.
hi aoaoiiinini, I do to vou.
.1:/, this, that (for animate nouns). />>iii\ o^vzi.',
these or those 'animate noims).
Xin iii-mino-doihKL'a az.' inini, ^aic kin ki zci-
mint) (iodon. h'aiL-in nin i>;a-zi''indanuK.'iii^<.i ko.^s.
(hi- 'this, in. obj. ) ki zilndamon (I tell thee
\.h\->). Ki i>apakitcon ^aic nin na-pakitc-^-a a:.'
matchi kziizfisens (that bad hoy.) /o/in i>aie Pan/,
kid iuinajaoninim od^nan^ (to" town. ) \Vinddniss]
kid inihujdon anamiczL'igumigun^- (to church)!
tT
■\
-r.s-
'A
Mi"**'
M
if ■'•
, - 1 » »1
I" '^
I,
" s, ,
frAtt
.\V// !^i Diiilrhi ili'nlaz.ii ii:.' Iniiil: iiiii i^i-li/rJii puli-
/tUd.
I have told thy niullur, and now I will toll
tlao. I did ^ond to you, I lu'ljK-d you. I lovo
tlioso hoys and hato thost- ^;irls. I lovo you and
I will do ^ifood to you. I son«l you to ohurvh. I
await you. Ho looked at tho inou and 1 lookod
at you. I saw v»iu. I will striko thoo.
Vocahulary.
It is hrouj^ht ovor from tho ojn^isiti' shore in a
h(»at, /)/-ti/<iu(id(///i^ (/(/>'.
I convov i)ooi)le aotoss in a boat, or forrv. ///>nf
Ferry boat. d/itzLa6((/ii>aii.
l'\'rrynian, aJdZi'dod/inczciniiii.
I wade across a river, iiiini (l/dZi'd^dnirossr.
,, sail aentss a hay etc., /////</ d/au-ds//.
,, adorn him, ///// zjdu'('/id.
,, adorn it, ///// :,'di^'(/iion.
,, am alone, ;//// /////^rw/s.
,, am altered, /iiin/ dH({/ii>-as.
It is altered, Cnidjiiyddc, d}id/itr/iii>'ddc.
I chanj^e him, iiiinl Cnni/'ia.
it, ,, dinijiloii.
,, ,, my clothes, )iiii({ dudjlkzi'dudic,
,, ,, ,, behaviour, my life, nind dndjiijhv^-
hii, iiiii diidjibiiuddis, nind Cindjiton )ii)id
ijizi •c/)/s/u'/n, nin h inu'tdisizvin .
,, look different, nind dndjindnvs.
,. am chanfj;"e(l. )iind it nd /id id.
,, cojn", write ditferently, nind dndjibiii^r.
A c<»i)y, duplicate, Cindjihiii^dn.
I am i)regnant, ;//// ^;iL>;i^/il-dz^d dbinodji, nind
Cindjik.
,, destroy it, spend it, ///// hdndd/i/on.
,, spend my money, ;//;/ /unuid/id iiin jihiiiani.
,, destrov, ruin, sednce him, ///// hdmidjid.
i" h
■(,'»-
I aiUK.irit him. niml ,>iu'ik,>iui.
,, tiijiki" K'f^ruljitions, rult's. /////</ imiioui^r.
.. cominaiKl, ;//// ^■(ii/(t.ši/i/:>r.
Cointiiandtiu'tit. .i/i/y/r/.w //;'<•:.•///.
I valiu', appnviato liiiii'. ///)/,/ ,//t//r, ,/,„,,.
'• '.' '• it. ///'/</ apilcihliiii.
Ml' IS vvortliv. 111- is wnrtli, (if>itr,n/(iio>i.
It IS worth, a />/'/('• lu/iii^udd.
1 >f«» to him. uiini i/'ihidii, iiin /</>// ^.■,^
,.^ ai)i)r(>a*.-h it, iiiu' lu'i^iian.
Thcv ^'•o t(» oai-h (.thvr. appr-ivli c..vh otlur. //<?
.•-/
'Yi/ fiwd!^
It is brokon, /u<iits/d-ti.
I break it, ///V/ hi^uuiiii.
My arm is br(.kon. ///// hnkonikc,
I break my arm, ///// hokouiii's/iin.
,, have a broken lejc, ;//// /xdo^iUfi-.
., Iireak his lej^, ;///; hoAdi^iK/rzi'ti.
,, ,, a Ixtard in two, iiin bokosliinui //(//ui^/isu:^:
,, my canoe, ///// lutkthhin iiin tchinuiti.
., a bone. ;//;/ hokz.'aii^tuu'.
,, ask for somethinjr to rat. ;//// pu^z.L^/nwc.
., ,. him for somethiiin^ to cat. ///;/ pd^u/s/z/u.
', be<,s ask lor somethinJ,^ ///// inindolaiiu'iirr.
Summary.
Jo/iii oi-nnli/Ja Jdxi, od az.niuni (/as// z.-d/niii^
fd-nnn/idz.dii. h'iiii/s/ioiiiiss /'d//^/ c/d n/'-zj/ss/'///^:
kdzi'iii iiiiiio didssi: dkosi. Akos'iz.-dii iKrossaii'i'dii'^
J\dzviii (Ui>s/ss/z.dii. Xdko;ii/<s kitrlii Inikdiii'. Xos-
.sr, hi-ijdii oiHd; k/ -..•i-z.dhdiiddin i^r^o (I want to
show "thee somethin^^. ) J///;/ e/rJc/>7siz.dif oiiid d-
Jiis/iiiidhcii:^ Mini) ///\r/)/s/zid_<^\ kdzj/ii niiiiikz.cssi-
zva^; kdzjin ndie ahiticss/z.do: Aiiiii cjizjcbi<-iz,uid
ddih Kitchi M(>konidHdi>- ( Ainericans)?M//6'/r// iji-
zi'chisii.'uii, f^i(ciii ))iiiiik:.cz,d<^: A-.cciicu <id-nt>ii'dd-
^iiVfid tihikono;? ,1// .sf, l\-lcr iid-ndnddi^dsid i^/'-i^y-
7.-df/ikzvcl)id. Aiiiii izi-dpi iic-niiiio-uiiiuid Mdr'v odd-
k
^c.
f
- ■ fv
■\r
L-*r
I;: -^5
,1-;*
■t-"i '
'3!!
m
r .J
■ 1. ■■
'I'
-70-
inin:
)ii)iii>iii>oi(
Winbii ill-mi iiu-aiihcmi. Ki i(/-<>anuiiao- na
? (my parents). KazL'iu mashi nin gi-
i>ii/U}/iass7^: An ill iivapi ^c-bi-ijad ki iiiaiiui.^ Azj-
iissiL'ribaiiiC ta-b'i-ija. An in izvapi c/as/i ininazcu/
(again) i^r-nuidiinU Endoo-ivcn (I don't know).
Bi-ivissiiiig; ki biikadcin. Xosse, ki siii>iin. John o
iranazvCihaman iiiizv ininiican. Ki i>i-inik-u'('iiiiiui na
iiinsigoss.^ /uizcin nin i^i-inikti'i'niinassi.
neninnii'- na nis/iiindiaii.^ Xin i^i-zcandn,
Ki
iiiiian'
i>i-x.-a-
A :c7-
ziisensao- ki/ikdba/dzi'a<>\ I ( Y^oiicn zi.riidji-nidz.'iian,
ninddniss^ Xin kitchi dkos^ iiind dkoshkadc, mi
xvcndji-nidzviidn. A'zi'izi-isai.^ido^- ( boys! ) dnis/ikd!^'
dnis/ikdi> ! Ta-pasiii^zvizvai^- ininizva;j;, la-nainddabi-
zi'ajr das// ikzi.(*ziui^\ A'is/ipin non^vni inadjaian ki
^a-ni-zvidjizi'in (I'will g'o with thee). Bisliif\ziddj
iiijzcc az\' ikzi'c: matchi ikzirzi-i. Ki ktki'nima na
'ningzvis.s? Xin kikenima sa. A nin <'kki/o. 'olm?
Odenaiii:; nin gad-ija iiongom kigijeh, mi ck^ifad.
Aniii ga-ijilrltigczyad igizc Wciniligojiz^ag i I'Vench-
nian ) ? (wi-matchi-ijitchigczvag, gi-gizi.-as/ikz.r/iiicad,
g'-nonddgosizcad gaic Ki zcdbaina na az.' os/ikina-
zi'C? hazi'in nin Zi.-dbamassi: kaz^-in zcczjcni nin z.a-
bandamc/ssi, ( A'az^in nin iiadbis>i k
LKSSON XIII.
Participles of the affirmative form, 1 ( 'onjugntion.
Note 1. As We have remarked in the preceding-
lesson, the "Change" is made in ail ])artieiples,
zcithoiit exception, either in the first vozce/ of the
zrrb, or, in case it is preceded by a ])retix, in the
lirst vowel of /he prefix: for instance ncbad: /«e-
no nibad; gA'mina'Uibad : g-t'.p-mino-nibad.
■71-
mood There arc two exceptions to this rule
namely, the third person plural and the second-
third person. The Chippewa student will do well
o remember these remarks, as the remembrance
thereof will ^rreatly facilitate the study of the
Chippewa lanjruaj^o.
SuhJ. /W.<.
ian
mil
(i
unl
Participles SubJ. Plupeyf. I\,rt. Imp.
mil iCnnhaii ' iamhaii
lanihini
pail
idii^i/xui
ir>i(>h(iii
~i'(ipaii
ii^i/>jii
II i pa It
mil
if
idill^
ic<i'
'(/'.^\
iii^i ill
II id Jill
Participle. Present Pciisc.
Xchaum, I who sleej).
iirfnnwn. th<>u etc .,
iict>(n\
iamlHiii
pan
idiii>if)aii
icovfuDi
pa III' i^-
iii^i/'aii
ni pa II ill
lie
iicl)(ivM\\r, we
iictiaw*i;, yim
iirtxnlji'^, they ,,
//r/'cYn-r, (Plur. i/i ) one who sleei)s
//r/;(mi'djin, his ( f. i. son i..
Participle, hiiperfect Tense.
;/r/;f/iriml)an, I who sle])t.
//r/-i^/iamban, thou etc ,,
nelHi\Y.\x\, he
iiel)a'un\^X\\yA\\, \\\" ,. ..
//r/'^neg-oban, you ,,
iiebdYM\v^. they ,, ,,
iieodn^r\h\\\\. one ,,
ncbaniYAMm, hit* i sou ■ who bJopt.
•ct
%^\
'«V?I
Fir
t!
^;!r
I varied: i^u-iiilHiifm etc.
Future: i^r-iiihaiciii ,,
Second-i'ulure: oc-^i-iiilniidii etc.
Note 4. In tin- plupertVct tense the Ch:in<,re is
made in the prefix to the imperfect tense; 1. i.,
Iniperleet tense: iichaiCimhan etc.
Pluperfect ,, i^ii-uHniidmbau ,.
Note 5. Hereiifter we sh.all j^^ive the "Chanf^a'.""
and the third person, sinj^^uhir, participle, affir-
mative, of the verbs to be used in the subsctjuent
exercises as Bara«ra does in his Chippewa-Kn<,^-
lish Dictionary.
Note (>. In Baratfa's (Grammar the ])articiples
are j^^-iven with their correspimding- pronouns; f.i.,
Xiu ckk'iioiCiu, I, who say.
/•/;/ ckkiloioii. thou ,,
:.'/// vkkilinL he
/////(iz.'//n/ rkk//*u'(iii<^\ we (exclusive) say.
/a'luii.-iiui i''kkiioiiiii<i\ ,. (inclusive)
khiaz.'a r/xk//<>/(\<;\ you. who say.
zchuru'd ckkilodji^^s they ,, ,,
ikkiloinj;, one saying-.
////:.■ ckki/oii/ii/ni, his if." i. son ) who says.
Note 7. These jjcrsonal pronouns may be and
:ire often oniitled, beiny- understood, hence we
will not yive them, except in the fourth conju-
gation, where they arc often needed in order to
iindersland. ;il least more easily, the meaning'- of
the senteiKi' in which a ])articiple of said con-
iuirjitioii occurs; f. i.. S(/i(/^/(i^\ may mean: I. who
love him. or he whom I love. In such a case
iIk' pcr'^.ai.il i>r«iuuun determines the me:inin^r '>f
llu' pnrticiplc iiiii saia'^irsi^ / who l(vcc limi; wiu
.•■i/.'i.' !,'/(/.<;, /'(■ whom I love.
Xote S. All \erl)s commeuciiii;- with the s;!nie
fiiilii-dl syllal)le; have the s;ime i"h:m;L;v; i'. i.. //////
refers to sMrncthiny g-ood: the Chaiijzc of thi^ r:i-
•/.•>-
(heal syllable is inrn; Iktc arc sdhic examples:
Miuo, g-ood; Chang'e, niviitr,
miuuhi ( )ii*iii6h/(i ),' I feel happy, in licjuor;
iniiKx/r (iiiiiiiodco), it is well conked;
niii/oi/cf {wc//o(/rr(/), I am j,'-()()(l-hearte(l;
)iii)i(\ii-in (nicnoii/iiii). it (a jrarden i yields \yeli;
iii/iion'i/Hitidi/ ' iiicno/d/xKhik <, it is useful;
nil no ijh.'chist { iin^no-i/h-c/>iiiui ), he is jrood (mor-
ally);
miHo am i ni>cii<>-cii(iJ ), he is \vell ' eori)orally i ; "
;//// niinoi-diivn i i/ic/io/idoo,/ >, it t focd medicine)
<Ioes me good;
mm oka ma nod { m^iiokdmai^ak ), it (clothing) Jits
. , , . well;
mniokamiua ( m<niokd nilgai.) ^ there is o-(„,(i
)Xround, soil;
mi/iomaoosi i m<.'/iomd<^<K</// ^ he smells well;
mniomd^z.ad i mcm>;/i(/n-:,-ak ), it smells well, etc.
.^/// iii^hkddi^ \ nc^/i . .sn/ K I ;im angry.
,, hckCidi^ ' haick. ..<id >, I am meek."
., mam//ia(//s i mrm ..>/(/ ), I ;ini ])roud.
., /a/)assc'ii//i(//s i /(•/>.. sod ' . I humble myself, am
, . humble.
,. sastfi^/.. (scs. .s/t/), I am avaricious, miserly,
... stingy.
.. kijn.-ad/.< 'k(y..<id'. I .-'m ch.n-itable. kind'.'
,, _<:araz.r//d//ur <A'v;;'-. . -vv/), I am envious, jeal-
/•
i/a :. ■I'li /lid/ III /i/ ( kr/ . . (//< {j
t'^'K we envy
ou>.
one
di
at' I /(tun I II ' sn/d!
(//\i'//i
mother.
we |n\e on*
II I /kit/ IS i lie/)
<id), I
eat too much, I
di
'amaiini U/e/>..mod\ I am moderate, 1
an-
other,
am a
utton.
ive
.... , ,. bv ru e.
■ '^':,^.. itil,:^ .'•< .^/.- . ..^M7 . 1 aiii nil.. iia>Le. I
commit adultery, or fornicati«,n.
A
. tsXl
:/
I
i"^^
V
k..
•in
^}f* -1:
yti
iCT
74-
.^7// />/";//>■ ( /nvii^id u I am chaste, jnire.
,, m/u:,'CU'/s i /iwi/ . .su/ ), I ;im zealous, faithful,
industrious.
,, /■///;// {kctiiiiicl), I am lazy.
ExKKCisi:.
.y/n/d/c/n/ss, /v.i,'" iii>/i/:iUii:</keii : i^'*\ii'f'f niatchi
i/iicchisi a:.- iH'tci-)ii.</ik-iu/i^ii/ 'he who is habituj'.l-
iy aii^ry ), azj das/i nctd-hckddi$id )ini}o-ijizjcbi^i.
/i^'iz:- i^(izj(i.</d--..\'hid/iii^- iii/'iii-.^-ci^- /(f-(7////ii/\</:.'(/!^'
I will suffer i. /('.vv/.s" nioja^- <^'/-l>e/c(idi.<i ; a:.' da:>/i
Iniickddi^id ijizccbii^i yrs//> i;(/-///:.'r/>/s/(/. /u/r/i/'/z^a
/•)(////'/.< i;i-/c//r///-/i//>(rssn////(/is(>: /tr/>i/s.<ri////(//.<()//
j^'tr/r kin, zciii /''n/z/r/s i^a-i //-/idxi ^^^c ii i lul /\<(>d : /r/x/s-
.<r///fn//si)c//'/^' .<(f<^7/i;vs/z^'(f<^- < are loved, are aniia-
Ide. ) iiiciiiiiidd/s/dfii^' (/(i.</i i'm^riuhi^o^^/zjd^- (are
hateful, are hated;. Aii/iid < some i />ciiiiidi.<;d//^-
<(i<'U<li'siz^a!^\ miuazJii dash aiiiiid k/jt'z.\idisizjaii.
ininazca cni/nd //i/<^izjc'skk/z^u/^- (too liberal
irivc
away to nuieli i. Judas i^i-k iicli i-sasd ii^isi , iiii ^a-
(Uid/i-atdz.-cd /)chnid/i[^ri!id/iii. Mojii^- sdiii/'didii.
kiiiO Zv'/kc k//az.-ciiiiid/ssii/a : azj kejaziu'iid/i^rc/ /iii-
i^vndd^osi, kaz.'iii sd^i/i^'osissi. Ah/iiddj/'/a^' iichadi-
si(///^' la-dk()siz^'(f^\ iii'iz.' das// dc/xiiiiciiiiiioif/i^' ia-
niino-hiiiidd/siz.ii^: /u'j^o z.'/ka /a-h/'s/i/^z^'adis/ss/
oiaiiiiad: andiiuikaiii/^- ii/ii!^id/ii<^- /a-d(nidk/s<)z.'ii>i
(will burn I <^d-/)/.<k/i;z.'d(//s/i///i;' kisk/y/// z.rz. ■('///
diiz.'Ciiiiidisdss/<(z.'a hz.'a iiihuz.-dd A)\^ioxi^ they dir .
\\'/H((z.'a /)(iii/<id/i^' baiiidrcd//^- (clean of heari ,
kdi^/^rka/i,' /^' ta-i h >ji-iu iua zjd ii i^-as/z. -at^' ii'i/i^'o iii^:
That ji'irl is verv proud, l)Ut her mother is
wrv humble. The pr«)U(l are like the devil. \\v
sinned, because he was proud; he i>. now in hell
and will burn there forever i kd^7i;rk(n///^-^. Mary
the Mother of (iod, was very humble; she i-
nov.- happy iu heaveu. Those who arc iu lieavcu
{g'{ji^ong cbidjijj-) always love each other; they
Mever envr eAcS other. "A Jnr.ts rt [Wnur gvii
1
■*
"/O-
Intkk.mkdiatk KxiiKcis]:.
lus.uui, it is cold: .v-/^/V./V/./. it ,vas o>id: /.,-;^A-
Iun.n, ,l..i,nl..nu., it is noH;:.,: /::'!v;'^U^^!:
AV/^7/. itiswan„.>utdoors,;itis^r^^^^^
^un:.n ^nnn.n.ino,, n .Iocs ;;ot'r;!in" "" "''"■
\'.s^-^po .so.,po,n. ^>-so^ipo. /a-so^ipi,^ it s^o^vs.
/iV/-.;„ . .-A' • , .'^ snowed, it will sno^-
;>-•.. tlK. snow drifts. ,,......, t;j/?^^^'''-'-
;; '^^^'/'•''f '''"'^A. ti.e snow does „ot dri
■^^^^■a, n thaws. ,t is soi-t. thawing- w.a icr
/w/r.vy/ .,/>,,:.v,,s-,v;/,>;,. it doos not thaw ''''''•
Madjipo. It hejrins to snow.
Iuri,u> >,hpatc,sinvn, the snow is not docn
l^hpa^ona^^i^ there is nuich snou-. dee, s low
/u.:.7;. /.^A7.v.//.,.v/.s-.s/;,.,v, there is no| ni;:ch
Scssi>rau. it hails- ha- 'in ^""''''."^^^ <^^^"1> ^»ow.
o uuiis, /casein .'•tcssci^aiisfunn if ,1,.-
KUiintibikad.
■t i^ » «lcl night: Ka^i^t^i.
<;
7/
f\ ^ •
^1>I
^'
<^::.
,.4-
\uti/r,.tn/. il is cloudv; hi:. in (U/cduihs/iw//.
J///V/X-:.W, it is clear, fair, weather; the sun
•^ shines, the sky is bhie.
/ufz./ii niijoki.ih^ino,,, it is not elear weather, etc.
Mimiokad. there is dew on the -rouml; ^ kin.'ui
))iindokiissiii()ii.
Az.dii, it is f<>M:^'v; /v/:./// (iu'(h/s/i/oi/. ^
lihunci'm. the f..^" is fallin-: /w:c7// A///(<':.y//>-/>'/^>^/.
I\lkaz.dll, the to^^ disappears; Xv/rcv// pakazcai/^/-
110 II.
MCidiihh^ci, it be'nns to rain; Xv/:.-/;/ mCuiJilmsih-
Jshkicfihhsa, it stops rainini^; kazjiii ii/ikzudbisih-
S/llO)/.
\z.un//>/ss<r, it rains a little; kaz.'/u azcanihissch
SI lion.
Okdixaky Wokds And Expkhssions.
A be^r^^ar, ii(nuiolanuiiirz.'inim\ iHinilotamdi>rzvik
T ask be"- hini for s. th., ///// inmdohnmizi'd. inn
' '^ pao-o:>scniiiiii.
., ask for It, bejr it. ;//// mvidoldn.
i)av attention to him. mind him, ;//// Inwamciu-
"1 • ma.
mind it. ;//// bahamnidCiii.
',! awake him. ;//// i!;o^hki>^uu nnid umadjui.
y, c-ome baek, iiciat' niii bi-ija. .
backbite him, ;//// nudchi dajnmi, iini v.ud< lu
" imu mil /'(ij^z.-aiioi/ni.
think bad of him. ii/n iiiunadcniinci.
think bad of it, nin iiidiiadnidaii.
" sneak wickedly, inn InVdz.r. niii nulnadz.r. iin-
"' i/.//r/// i,'7/:ir," ;//V mdnaslldi^os, inn mamnyiduu.
am balii headed. ;//// papa^/ikz,-akondi(H\
" publish his bans of marria^^e in church. ^/ '■
" ^ bihdi^iina anainiczcii>;ainii>;oii'j,.
bapti/.e him, ///// si^ndndazL'ci.
;; am bi.pti/.ed. '//// .s7-v^(^//(A/>. »''^ <i,iivandr,<iv>-
■/ /•
i^nve linn ('..nllrm.-ition, ;//;y .So/^-v'.AvUiv/r.v/.
Jlc receives C()nfirmuti..ti, od odapina,, kilrhil-a
T • , • , '\o)ii>n{ccshk'aii-hLiu. Sonnidchlikaz^'a.
J «-»vc liim holy Communion. ///// niinu kitchitz.'a
^ . , , ^ /Cnr/ian'^O'zjin, /c.<iis z.-i/az::
.. receive hojv Communion. „/„d odapindn /c,u,
z.'iiazL', kilchilz.-a /uii-ans/iz.-iii : uin /az.ri'd\',<>o<
.. make my lirst Communion, u,ud osM/-/\izirm/a-
i^'os.
• irst C^ommun ioant. zrrsU/-/az.rj/da<>o.</d.
• irst ( (.mmunion. (h/d-i-/az.ruddu,:^i:c,n.
i f?o to Conlession. „i„ lul^ii-azJa luciudczcikzcan-
f . "''''< Zi.r/)////ar//n- „/,/(/ ,y„^
., coniess, ;//// Zirhniior, uiiid dnzcai/ndis, uin di-
badodaiuui uin balddoz.'inau. niu hdUlndi^.
tontession, zi'cbniioczviu, duz.rnindisoz.'in, baUlndi-
I ^nve him absolutism, niu zcchinduiaz.'a o bCithdo-
zcinau, uin ii,d^^idniaz.-a o bCitadozcinan.
.. am sorry tor my sins, niud ondjik <i.</ikcndaui
I . . "^n ihltiidozi-inan.
.. uate my sins, n/n jinorndanan uin buUldozci-
.. cast them away. ;//// zvehindnan.
M will shun them. ;//// zji-ojindduau.
" ^^'^ I combat them, uin zvi-viJp-addnan.
.. will chang^e, ;//// zji-dnd/i-bimadi^.
rv?,
LESSON XIV.
Pariiciplc:^ oj ike ncirative fo,
oj fhc Jirsi ronjuiration.
ni
Note 1. The participles of the ncL^ative form
this conjug-ation are formed by ad(lin<r the
i
- J
V
.■••s
roUowiiij? tcrminatiotis to the characteristic sylla-
bi os («>•>■/, <'."■.'■•/, /.-■-■"'. t'>'>"/).'
'Willi
Zi'llll
A''
•u'Ciilti
-'•''A'"
A'"''A''
Imperjcct len^c.
-wilinlnni
-wa nihil II
i>o/>iiii
/!<>■ ( lini)ers. ) ]
iiwoii i II-III IV-rs. ) i
zi'diiiiilniii
ii.r^(>/>(iii
0()/utlll^'
II nihil 11
niiiohiiiiiii.
Prc^'Ciil /iiisc.
Xi^hiissiwiin, 1 who don't sloe]).
iirhii^siwiwi, thou ,, .,
iii-hti.'isi\>;, he ,. <.
)ii'h(i.<.<i\\'iiny^, wo .,
//('Ar/.s-.N/wt'^, you ,, ,.
//rhdssiixo^, they ,, ,. .«
iK^hiissing, one not sloeinnj^.
;/rMs>7nig-on, his ( f. i. son) not sleeinnjr.
Iiiipcrfcii Tciis-c.
//rAt/.s-.s/wrimban, I who did not sleep.
//r/r/.s-.N/wamban, thou
;/r/^(/.<^/j4'oban, be ,, ,. «. "
//r/'r/.s\N7\vant>:iban, we
;/(7w'>>"Ave^ol)an, you ,, .. .,
;/(/'</.->>'/;j^obani^, they ,,
//r/w>">"/n}^iban, one «•
//r/;J>-s7niirobanin, his < f. i. son i wbo did not
'^ slee]).
Note "> The compound tenses, i. e. perfect, fu-
ture, so.M.nd future, and pluperfect, are lormed
l,v makino- the Chan<ro in tbe prebxes, as wa>
remarked above in speakint? of tbe participles oi
the affirmative form.
Note 3. Moreover, as was said above, the tcr-
.,/•■■
iiu- «>.„„,/.//„>;/ ;,^/''r„f ^;;2-:;:" p'-' -">
Subjunctive, ///^/^^/nl;^ -.'rV his ""*' f^'^''''
'r^' 'I t I. 1. Ins son ; does not
;s-^?:5trs - 5t>i
''''J/iio\ twice ;
///.w//;'- three times.
///:.7//;v, j„uj. times.
once,
Ivac (111 l-'lamheau.
Courtes Oreilles.
Ashland.
L'Anse.
Bad Kiver
K
es.
iiai//iii^\
hve
•^'iu'it times.
^^///;'v;/:.v//r/////,,; "six li^es.
ii'/''^-(ifr/i/i/u\ seven
^//.V/:.v/A-//;v,,,- ( /.s-//::v//,-/;/>,,>.,
iauualrhini!^\ nine times. '^
i>inidlc/inin\ ten
■I///// ^A/.s\s7>/r./ how oVten>
//, when-/;/,;.-:.,,, wlijl'st.
-^"'''- ^^^^'- ^^'h^t? r,vV..,r;..^ What?
iP
/
Hr
i
i» ■• '
.. ir
-•\s-
EsKKCisi:.
1// /./:. hwihvai^ (hhki-ihicuau:^ ^'''''''u'li^;,.
nil lii'i'.i' (Id!'/' (iii/i/ti A''" (/"•; '■*•,":' . /, /, i.,,-.,i
„„■..:.„ ../-«//«:.;<;./• /"/'.t' //;•;,.. ''/"):-,y,./,/ |l7X-:.r-
.^ I hat v.mnn- man spend the summer He
spent the -summer at Superior. I ^^'^f ^.^^ \^ \'\' ,
3^;;^C'hrist^ans will ^o t. heaven, but h.>se uh
do not want to pray ' zca-ananuas,;^o^: '^'^^ ' ^
L int.. the eternal tire atter death 'A'.'-'^fv '.
^nUiu^nh. no always pure-hearted ^^"^^^^
the pure-hearted will rejoice tor ever ^^^:^^^:_
but the impurc-hoartcd will smier tm ocr 4./.,
■H..:
-81
OumsAuy Woki.s Ano Kxi-kkssions.
I will „,.t relapse int.. sin, /v/:.v;; ,u/,unvu ain
kauin,,^., [},au'„i „,„ zvi.zcufjhcassi^) mctclu.
.. cnceal a sin, hmdoz.i„ ,nn kadoJr^^''^'^'^'
''■""^ the priest, nuhifi'ivii-zcamiir
IcnHn., tor sins cnfessed, /v>/./^>v>V//,,;:,,/,/
., examine my conscience, nin mnul^atazhnimii.
KxtremeXc'd;:^''"T''^'"'^''''r ''''. "''^ bmcioj;;:n;.
«^»\^ Extreme Unction. ///,;,/ Auamlcnomhut
., receive Extreme Unction, ,,/;,./ odapha \nu.
call '^'^-;Vr'"'''/''';-"-' /^'•''"' ananZ,Juui^L
.. call tor the priest, ///,/ mindoma mekalAik.
M desire him, ,//;/ nandazL'^uima. '"""'"'
.. am in flang-er, ;//// minisihiis.
" am"L • '','" •^"*'^'''' "'■'' ''''''/^V.;/^,//;;,,,.
,, dm ordained priest, ,//;; mnHitezvikzvandc'viivo
.. am consecrated bishop, uiu kitchi mZ^J!^;,.
"marr''"'^"' -'^^-^-v;^--./.>.v:.vV. "'''''' '^'^'
1 marrv, ;;/;/ zi'idii>e.
,, for life, ;////^/ <////r/// zchitW
- m the Christian way, nnid iwumic-zvidi-
" M.Indian fashion, uimi anishiuabe-zvidipr^''
>^ live m concubinage, a./sAa nin znJi^::!:^!'^^
Marriasre, zi'idiir^udizvin. Ukzvc.)
Christian marriage, amtmi^-zvidightdhviu; auamie-
uibazviwin.
J}
>-^!
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
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150
2.8
14.0
2.5
2.2
2.0
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A A PPLIED IM/IGE Inc
^^ 1653 East Main Street
S-.^ Rochester. Ne» York 14609 USA
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HH^ i —
82-
i
"'^5q;:j,
Concubinayo, a)ii:>/nl zvidiiiihufizciii.
Married ])crs()n, zrddiiird.
Spouse, ZL'ti-zvidii^ni.
Unmarried, -u'(i(//^vss/'<^:
Marriag'e-ring', auainic-titihiiiituijipisou.
I marr}' him, her, ///// ichiii>riiui.
,, solemnize marriaj^e, ///// -u'hi/oai(i(iai>:
,, put away my' wite, husband, ///// hiikh^imi uiu
zfiiligrnidi^aii, uiu zirhiua uiu zvidinriud^au.
Intkkmkdiatk TCxkkcisk.
I . . . . thee not — is.^iuou.
I.... you ,, — issiu(>)ii)iiui.
Kiizi'iii ki zvcibauiissiuou, I see thee not.
,, zvdbiimis.i'luouiuim, I see you not.
Xiu pat'ossduiuia, I request him, beseech him.
hi p(i<>()sscuiu/iu, ,, ,, thee.
Kazviu ki p(iovs$cuiniis:>iuou, I request thee not,
do not recjuest thee.
Xiu ovi^-zL'cdJiuni, I ask him (a questicm. )
,, 'nakzvctazfii, I answer him.
hi uakzvctou, ,, ,, thee.
,, uakzcctduiuiuiy I ,, you.
Auiu cji-aiaiau? How art thou?
Xiu miuo aiiu I am well, feel well, am in j^ood
health.
Xitni dkos, I am sick. — Kazviu uiud dkosissi, I am
not sick.
\\'(i//ui, soon, — Pdbior. immediately. — zvika. sel-
dom.- Ac/ zvika, never.
h'azviu ki oa/iouiss/uoj/ .
0(i II 0)1(1.
iizi' niiui UIU
Kazviu ki kikcuiiuissiuduiuiiu. ii>izv daf/i iiiiiiizva^-
zvezvcui uiu kikniiuiao-. Kazviu kiu ( thee ) Xv' />//>-
siuou, kiu (/as/i, uiuo-w/ss (my son) /•/ biiu. Auiii
cji-aiaiau? Kazviu uiu miuo aidi^si, ( I am not ztr//:
not: I am not g-ood). Xiud dkos. Kazviu ki i>;i-
zvabauiissiuou tibikous;. Waiba ki oa-zvdbamiu. hi
oaozvdijimiuiuini. Ki ^a-uakzvetduiuivi. U.v ki
-s.-?-
aV mania, ha- •in /•/ -,,.-.,-/ • -^ ■'» 'S -' < 'f/''''^/
want to see t7/Je, /f} :;.7''''''"^^^ '^ *'""'^
speak t<, tht'e /r^-^vV//-/ 'i/" ''''''-' ' ^ ^^'''^"^ *"
want t„ ^x^^-lvuAhJL a'^^^^^^^^ ''''"»
litdK 1«) thee), ha-wni ki sdi>//\ss/,io„.
I love him, but I (1„ not love thee I sn.-.L- f
^^ell ( .iw/;,, ;//// ,ovw;//;/,>.,,/„. ) j ,,,, ^ , , "^
you; I hate you. I d,> not love him. •**
LESSON XV.
O,; thcfonu o/ exprcssiHii- periodira/ ar/ions.
ezrn/s, or s/a/rs of hciiiu-.
Note 1. By peri(,dical actions, events or st-.tP^.
nt sd\s dnuhino^;— /,,;/,//^Vian n anatni'^-c/o/,,,,;
^on, whenever thou entere^t the chu 'h ;^^' ^^;,
niahnva^- ho,c/ssai>- r,;.,;,;/rwadjin. thv s, ms look
everywhere about when pravini " ^
Note 2. Besides the Chang-e In the first svll-i
l)le of the verb or its nretix tho f-.n • -.
nam^h • "'• ''■ '' " "^ "'''' "■''■ 'W. «.<>/.,
.l/jft-//;,,/. AVj;,,/. A0rma/hr. Xcvlhr
'**;,
C^iP. '"f"'^"
f.f'^^mmm
■\
S4-
I >--4
''%■
.ic
.»-*
Kin in
djin
ifni^i>oii
ie^oii
zi'diijin
iigin
II id/in
zi-aiini
zvdii^l(on
-U'l\i>(>ll
Hwaiiin
iii>iii
llli>Vll
nc/hiss I gon
iic/hissiv^'Un^on
i/cdihsi'wcQon
ije6(hsig'w?in\n
uc/)chs/ngin
nehdssinigou.
uc/Hiidmn
iic/Hh\]\n
iir/xiirmgon
iic/xi/cgon
Perfect tense: oa.)iilHii(liiiii—ii(i-'i'b<i^^'}^'i't"'J'- *-'^^'-
Future . : ' i>€-nil)aidiiin—i>(-iiil^if^^>'^'-'^''""': .y
Second Future' tense: iie-i^i-nil>ahniiii—}>e-i>{-uilHij^^
sizi'diiin. etc.
N»)te :>. Analyzing tVie above tcnninatioiis, we
see they are like those of the snbjunctive mood,
to which are added /;/, on, nin, /in.
When the Subjun. ends in n, then in is added.
g' " '\" "
<l' - -/"/ " "
»' " "'"" . "
Please remember the above note well. It is ap-
plicable to almost all the coKJugatums.^
\nin cndashhuiid? How many are they?
\in hc/io; Uyaiejigvd) I am tme, alone; hcji}>:
,, nijimin, (nci/idj/jr) we are tvvo of us; nij.
„ n'/ss/ni/n, (ncssidjiii-),, „ three „ „ nisszi'i.
„ nru'iinin, {ninvidji}>),, ,, four ,, ,, nruin.
„ nananini/n, { naiananid/ii>) we are hve ot us;
' iianiin.
ning
ohi'dtchimin, K ncn . . ic
i/ii>') we are six of
us; ningohvilsswi.
I/iu-) we are seven of
us; niju-asswi.
'. are eight of
us; uis/m'dss7Vi.
ian natch imin, (Jaian . .idjii>) we are nine of
■' * us; /angasszvi.
nljwatchiminy ( naj
^iKvdtrhiniin, {ne^h . .idjii!;) we are eight
nis
mn
■idichimin, {nied. .idji'g) w
e are ten of
u>;
m/ddsszvi.
if
:-:w^iMP^^^^^
^j^
-•1
85-
.\iuii ojiMa, {zee,,.. ad) I ri.r up (when /r///--. ,
Am pasfj^zi/, {pcsi\azvnh I >/,,//,/ up i ,, <////,/, ^^
,, ^:>(iznshnn, (j^rzv..o</) I jr«, to hc-d
., piminre, ipini..ci/) I <r„ into, enter.
,, Mo^/ikos { L'zcesH-oshi ) 1 wake ui), I awake.
^imi omUtmita (zveu . .ad) I am busy
^nl tr/iih'j,dtii>oiiioi\ (tchah..ed^ I make the sijr„
of the Cros»i,
E.XKKCI.SK.
\inUnian hidasso-kiuijeb (everv mornin«-,
^i>ani
.^-.^ ^ndasso-ouds^vs/u'^- (every
evening:) '^•<i-ii('-vndi/ni6iaiiiii. h'is/ipiii ' uaiiinod//-
noiio- osam zveudamifahmin, pano/ nanaar^na
least a little) andmian: khhpiu dash zcnidaniihh-
s/zi-aimi, uihizi'a audmian. Tchihaidtipouinczvau
^}^<nigamnnnidj,j^- ammii&u'i^^^^^^^^^ pam/wrzcdd-
jni. Wezc'i^ni anzLrnindisoi>- •u'a-zir/u)i/i>cir<>vu. [id-
A-os,au,„ mnio s>ar 'Ci^uimihou, /man 'aia'n eudaian
•stay quietly a home) keoo hahd-ijdken. Ximiidi-
'U'a^a- '.nns/innlhc e„amidss/^i>oi.- nicdezcizvddmi, W
fiieka/eziykzcanaie,, (when the priest" preaches ,
.\inidjaN,sse„s uiazchH-i; i>zcrs/dos/d/in „iazc,\ zca-
>nbad,,u irate vunvi. </<.-,. ci>tr/u<reiiron, zcrzran
ijitclu^eg hishpm anikos/ssizi'ixon. zcezcrni inn,
('nam^ssikeni>- ^ndasso.anamh[^//i^^^^ n.-dasso-h/r/i/-
/tvciiiya'-ak mi,r (go to Mass everv Sunday and
nolyd: Ht-auokin owa eudasso'i^y/oak ("exerv
day) ;;.^,/,,-,,/,,/V/;//;/. h'euo ,iis/ikdd/sikn, nT<>o we-
(rhi-ikkaozvathiu auhhimlbcir. Azc iuhii k'ilrlu ui<li-
kadis,, metcln-,j,tchi}rcuidjh, oddmw. Wa-amvuiaid-
un, auotch juatclu in^ndamozfimn, uiiid odissiov,,-
on: (When I want to pray, various bad thoughts
come to me — arise in me).
Whenever that man cimies here he talks ill
Make the si,^u of the cross every morning when
t^T A^'^t^u """/^ ^''^'y evening when thoi, jr^est
to bed. When he works, he works well, he is not
i
%^^
• «V!;
i^.\
f r^ I Mi
-sr.
V,
'.•■Si .
., »-■*
■ if ^
r -.* "
Ijizv. Before y«»u eat, always prav and after yt)U
have eaten, pray a{,^ain. Walk slowly when f,^t)in^
home. Those workmen (laborers) sit down and
re;,t whenever they are tired. That man shouts
whenever he talks; he does not hear well [kazL-in
•cc-u'i^i:,' iioiu/cmniss/. ) Thy son is mischievous
when he plays. That j,nrl laughs when she
prays.
Batcn'non.':i)f mi kiuidji'inisMii^-? i Are thy chil-
dren numerous? i. e. liast thou many children?)
hluiuiiic, hiitainozi'iio: An in ania^/ihi'tui kiiiiiijdiiis-
Miii? MiiiCnhllchhcun- iiinii{/ii)iissan\ nru'i-u'tii>- ii///i^-
:c'/ss(ii>\ iiiiiiivtzcdt'chizciiir' dash nimhinissa^: .Mn
dash iiinidiiiiiissiiii- kazcin bahini,:>s/zcai>-; HijzcatcJu-
ZiUiii' eta, kdkiufi dash kzi'izcisaisizcizi'a<>\ Kimissc
onidjdnissaii an in ai dash in id? Xi/izcuin da, bejiii-
kzi'i'zL'iscns, />r/i!>- dash ikzcrscns. An in i>a-dashizL'ad
ininizvai^ endaian tibikono? Ci-middtchizvair ashi
/din>-zi.'aszt'i i rg). An in ^a-dashinid Jesus o kikinoa-
ind^anan ( Apostles)? V//-;;//V/r?(A7/r/'/xtv/// ashi nij.
AiTin ^ndashiieo- ehda/ei>? Xin niiddddirhimiu a-
shi nizi'in. Ani ^a-das/iizcad ni/dni (first) anishi-
ndbei( (homines)? ('iiiijizvaa; sa, mi sa Adam i^aie
Eva. Anin g-a-dashinici Jakob on'd/dnissan? fii-ni/-
ddddtchizvan ashi nij opcissan, oddnan dash i(i-b^-
/igozcan (Dinah). An'in ^ndashizvad ii>izv ga-pin-
dig^dji}:^- a)iami&u'ii>dniii>oni>-? Kazvin nibizva i,'/-
pj)idii>'essizvau.': mi eta meddddl liizvad ashi nil-
zvasszvi i>a-pindii>-^djiu;.
nii>-^djiii? .\/ssizrai>- eta.
o-a-zL'et)/-
\nin dndashizi'dd
HoV nianv brothers have you? There are five
of us. How "many sisters hast thou? I have three
sisters and fcmr brothers. How many Indians
chopped wood this morninjr? (jeba^ There were
seven. How many went home? Three went home
and f(mr are still chopping. Are they hungry
and tired? Thev are hungry and tired. Come in.
i^'^:^^^it\mm:-m.:.
s;
sit down and rest; you will soon eat .Hnner C.v/-
'f>a A-, ^a.uauuiz.rzcis.<i,nniK How many l,ovs
and Knrls are there in school? i /•//•///,.r.vy/.a.rV ./.v/-
/y//,xjv.;/Y/ . Ihere are seventeen I>ovs and nineteen
^nrls. Jlovy many are there in the store? There
are only hve.
Intkk.mhijiatk T'^xkkcisi:.
Verbs in az.'u change aziissiiiou into osainon
'" "/''^' " lunvissinoii ,, aossiiion
" ''"'" " C(>-.cissi>ioii ,, cossinon. ,
.u 7u^ *"•''■ tl'^' 'I'^o^'^' ^'l^sses of verbs we have
the tollowinj,^ terminations.
I
I,
I.
I.
I.
I.
. thee not, osinnaii
■ VOll
.thee
you
thee
vou
Xiiui inuiiuictazca, I
1 »
1 »
oss/noii/ii/m
(loi^siiioii
cossinon
cossinoniuim.
pray to him, for him, 1
r- ■ , ■ . . bless him.
/i^/:c7// Xv zc;-an(ini/cf6ssinon, I do not want to
/.•/■. . . pray for thee.
nuzi/n ki zvi-ananiictossimhiinim, I do" not want
,-. , , t'> W^y for vou, to bless you.
.\in sinaiiiuiazi'ii, I bai)tize him.'
hiizvin ki i^a-s/ocuindhsiuon, I will not baptiz*^
\'- / ••/- T thee.
.\/n banbazca^ I stab him.
luizcin ki ajibiuhsinoninim, I do not stab you
.\ni nandonczca, I seek him, search for hini.
A.'/ic7« ki nandoncdssinon, I do not seek thee,
,, , , search for thee.
'^iojao; always; kazcin zvika, never; nanin}>vti.
"ono; sometimes.
A/// ii-ucl-anamicicruui azv mi no ikzi'hcns; kin
ilash metchi-ikzvcscnsiz^iiau, ka.Jn <i Lnid-anamie-
lossijwu. Om/dss, John: Bl-ijan oma) Ka na ki
"^
i;
y
FW
rk
-\>
88-
1"
^•»»
\ ,-
7
i:
,.3
r' 'J'
gi-iJiii(lJadsi^iiioti (niamihi'i^ami^vniy^ /uizi'/n (/its//
ki ^/-ijass/. Ki i>{-h(il)ii-zviiijizc(i^- mate hi kzvhfi-
s^nsiio- ir{-babd-zcidjodamiuomadzvii. Ki i>a-lHts/i-
anjhtii. Marw ki zi't-zvituiamou .i,'<;t''' .* tibikou^
iiopiniin^- ni-daiidkiso bfjiii, Kitrlii-Slokomau ii;a-
zvashkzvHuii : ^i-tchanii/^ni o ki>hka(ii>zv<!zvii>vmi^
(his camj)), mi i/cis/i i^aic zvin ni-tc/idi>is(Hi. Kzvi-
zvis^nsidoo! Kid oml)ii>isim: ki i^v-pakitconinim,
bistlii aidssizccg: Kazviu tiiiii>ot ki iti-ziindurndssi-
noti. Xof/i>v/n nit/ zi'/-b(ibd-f/(i//do//<'zc(i i/oss. Ki i»i-
babdna//doi/eo//, /lossc. /o/t//, ki sdi>H//: mo/aii- ki
jr/'-i/ii/io-dddazc; kit/ da si/ Jin/, kazvii/ ki sdgiissi-
non.
I will see you tomorrow and will speak with
you. I will not punish thee, because thou art
sorry for having done wrong-. I told something
to thy m(>ther, but I will not tell thee what I
told her. John, I will baptize thee next Sunday
afternoon after prayers. I will not stab thee, my
friend; don't fear.
Okdinaky Wokds And E.xpkkssioxs.
I shave, ;//// gashkibds.
,, ,, him, nil/ ^as//kibdna.
Razor, gas//kibddjii>a n .
Barber, gaskkibdsowinit/i.
Barber-shop, g as//kibdsozi'/'gdn/ii>:
I am naked, ;//;/ pingzfasndgid .
,, ,, bareheaded, i/in jdshdg/nindibc.
,, ,, barefooted, t/in jdshdginiside.
,, have bare hands, nil/ jdshdgii/i///ndji.
,, am barelegged, nin jdshdginigdde.
,, ,, bashful, nind agatchishk, nind agatchiwddis.
,, speak bashfully, timidly, nind agdhhitdgos,
ni//d oatci/in/.
,, am whipped, ;//;/ pakitt.gas.
,, ,, beautiful, ///// dnijish, nin bishigenddgos, ;//;/
gzvandtchizt.'.
jF-A 1 VA .#- ^^m, -^
.s«>-
It is iK-autifuI, ouijhhin, his/iinriu/du-uuuf, ;,:,,,.
'I'll.. ,.., . I 11 iiiifr/iizKin.
ihf ox. cow hell(.ws. mlsitdnos/ pii/ii
., (loj<- barks, niiof auimthli.
I Uend, ;//// -u-dj^/nii^r.
., .. It, ;//// •udi'/niiii, tiiii /azcdiiindn.
>, my arm, ;//// bi<ikinikcii.
.. stoop, bend fo'-ward, ;//;/ zfdiir///s.
,. inclint' myself, ///// ndzceta.
,, am bent. bt>wed. ///;/ zidi>/s/U-<t.
,, ,, benumbed, ///;/ i>M-/w(if//s.
My arm is benumbed, ///// iiikimaiifiiilr.
,, toot ,, ,, ^^ i'/i-fmanfsi(/(\
" ,^"" " " - iiikimaiiinhniji.
I disturb, confuse him, ;//// ziuinis/ihvt'a
., am c<.nfused in th.mght. nin zL'auhhkzcdhniam.
.. go astray, g-et lost, ;//;/ zvauis/i/u.
,, lose the road, trail. ;//;/ ziuindiuhii ma-ana
,, make a mistake in singing, ,ih, zidnaani.
., am misunderstood, ///// zvauitaov^
,, misunderstand him, ///// zvdiiiiazv.:.
it, ///// zvdnitan.
,, understand him. ///;/ in'ssitd/azca.
it, f//// ///ss/Md//.
,. speak plainly, am understood, ///;/ ;//>>■ /a>a,V,;,,
., understand him plainly, hear him well, ;//,/
..„,;,• . . , pitiiakitazia.
..am bilious, mud osazL-dhi.
Lile, osazvdhan.
I bind him. ///>/ /akdbina, ,n„ sdo/hiua, ni„ niimi-
., bite off a piece. ;//// pakzt'<',i(//ior.
" " "f tobacco, in'}? pakzcema asst'-
nui.
it
1.
m)
'A
•'■•"■!
•"■;■■ C
■ ■ 'i'
M'^SON XVI.
( 7{//*/>r:.ti nouns: nun of (lii^tinniiis/iinjii uriuin':
t/iiision iiilo an/niatc ami intininuitc nanus.
Ni>tc' 1. In tlio l'liii>j)cva latij^iiajfc tlu-re arc
si'vcral iK\iiliaritic's in roj^ard t»> neuns, not to
1)0 found in other lani^uaj^es. These refer to {gen-
der, division into two classes, animate and inani-
mate, declensicm, ar"l chanjj^e of termination
when connecte'' v'th personal ])ossessive pro-
n«)uns.
Note 2. In classical lang-uajjfes, ancient and
modern, there is a distinction of noun^ with re-
f^ard to sex, called the gender of said n<mns. In
(German the {gender of nouns is often hard to be
determined. In ICnjjj-lish there is very little diffi-
culty, HS thinj.'-s are classed accordinj^' to their
natural division. M»)reover the same articles and
adje.tives are used for all three j^enders, f i.
the larj^e man, the lar<fe woman, the larjj^e
house. In (Tcrman the distinction of j^ender af-
fects not only the n<mn, but also the article and
adjective, f. i. ein jjfuter Mann, eine {.fute Frau,
ein flutes Uaus. In ''hii)]>ewa, the same adjec-
tive (they have no article) is used for all j<en-
ders, f. i. ^(wiDnilch k-ci-.viscns, a beautiful boy;
i>zL'an(itc/i ikzccsnis, a beautiful y-irl; ^z^-aiid/r/i
ni(isin(i/i>(Hi, a oeautiful book.
Note 3. The distincti(m of the two sexes is
ccmtrived by usinjj^ different words for jjcrsons of
the two sexes; for instance:
Masrii/inc.
({^inia, a chief or kinjjf;
hiini, a man;
~i
"-ttiUd^lr'bxsM.
.•/c.
M&:-
'>!■
^
y\:i/:./s(//s, a hov;
fh/il'iii(izi'( ,1 v«nini; man;
.>/>>-.>, my lather;
.\ttii>ziiss, my son;
Xi^SdtV, my i'UKt hrotlu-r;
.y/m/s//oN//ss, my ^'r^ndlathor;
/u'f/i/u/f/r.
f^i:/m<U-ur, a jjiieon, wife of a rliief;
/Aur, a woman;
Uut'sff/s, a jrin;
(hH-iii/'iiii-ur, a vounjr lady;
' //'A'''« .'»y mother;
-y//"/(i'/f'ss, my (lauj^hter;
A/w/sst', my older sister;
.\7;/v*;///,s.s, my grandmother.
Note 4 Another mode of distin^ruishinif the
gender of mdivuluals or animals is l,v />n)/.y),l
Lender nd-/ *'""!^'' '" °^'""^ ''» ^^^" "^-^-'i"^'
gender, -nd ,^-ur ( w>>man, female) to those of
ov 1 "".'T-v *^''"*^"'' ^- ^- ''-^^''-/V/Xv; a hull or
o.\; iku'C-pijikc, a cow.
Note 5. The same distincticm is made by pla-
ung ajtcr X\i^ noun the words: nabcaiaa (male !,e-
nahlT. '''"'''''Z '^^"i^'e being) f. i, pakadhcc
ZZ- "' ^.'•*>«f^/ Pakaaku'c ikiveaial a hen;
hcb,^l,HVi.auji mihfiuaa, a horse; hMiVonanii /a-
cra/aa, a mare. - '^ '^ -^
twmi! ''; ^"*;-Jl'^^ ""•'l^" "f making this distinc
n^n t '' ^^^^'^"^' ^>f ^ffixitig the word: /„/„■
man) to n(mns of the masculine gender, and-
/X-rjr (woman) the K.aer sometimes in a cmtrac-
ted form to nouns of the feminine gender, f i
rZtr5r''/''''f '"' ^ 7^" ^^'^'^"^' <nwk//uii-^k,cr
'.?,/ f / 7 / ^"^""^ /''!^'^''^^^.ii-^-^'^-'re) a female-ser-
\.int, /r////W-z^.<^:t7;/////, a male cook; Ichibakzv&.vik-
-<-, d temale cook; kikiuoamairhviuini\ a male
teacher; kikinoamag^kzve, a femkle teacher.
i,
/,
MEM
1.' .-jijfa-
rntm
- \
-'»:? --
.1*-/*
4 "i
i i'"
,."'h'
? -J
•$
T
Noti" 7. All C'liipiH'wa tiouiis .iinl \^•rl»^ ;irt' «li-
vidi'd into t\vi> ilassi's, anitnati- atul inaiiitiiati'.
To tlu- first ilass bi'lotijj^ all atiimaU' things.
I'itluT tiaturallv aniiiiati' or ^raiiiatiialiv so inii
sidorcil. Thus ////;//. a man. is tntliirally aiiimati'.
wluTcas: ttis/ikihot/ji^an, a saw-mill, is i^rtiniattra/-
i: animate. On tin- t»tlHT hand. uiiai<\ my l)ov, is
jVramatically hiiiniiuutt', althou^,''h naturally ani-
matt', and so are: iiihiii, my tooth, niiiiinij, my
hand, ///.s/(/, my l«>«>t. and mostly all momhcrs of
the human body. In many eases, the only sale
wav to ascertain whether .i noun be animate or
inaninuite is to eonsult the (.'hippewalCnj^lish
ilietitmary of liaraj^a.
Note
This distinetion of nouns, as to
w
hether they are animate or inanimate, is of the
hif^hest importance, for only an animate nou
n
can be the snh/i'ft or ohjccl of an animate verb.
On the t)ther hand, an inanimate noun can be
the suh/ect of iniif^cmum/ ( inanimate i verbs only
and the object «)nly of verbs of the VI Conjuga-
tion; for instant.-e:
Xiii m/o/zccnun pakzccjii^aii, — animate. " C'onjujj;'.
;//// /u/i^/zivn iiui^inaiiidii, — inanim;'te, \ 1 ,,
<>///r/{ti;-d^o /(is//Ji-/7)0(///o(i//, — animate. I
o///r/i/i^{nW icuikiit'iititi, — inanimate VII
Mi/
fii\ ( an.
plural:
<>'»■) a tree,
/*(iJi'zi't'//i>(in, (an. i)l. </<,'"» brea<l.
. I >■>•///, (an. pi. /«,>") a stone.
.\//s/i/>u/u, (an. pi. (ii>) an apple.
/*ini>zci (an.) ashes.
/'/oishkainin, (pejj^-/</) I am rotten, I rot.
Piiiis/ikiini "pin, (an. pi. /*i,') h rotten potatoe.
/\itiikio, (\viiod) it stands up in s. th.
.\/itii>- otchibikazvi, (we id) the tree has roots.
,, sdi>in/inikzc'i, {saidi^-id ) ,. ., bej^ins to bud.
' ij^'isi, {saiaj^-iif) the tree gets new
leaves.
sdii'ilHU
i
i
.1////;- u'a/>,\>o,,i, i:.„i„f,.i\h tin- tnv is in l,Io,.m
.. ;<W/X-.v..;//, >ur,/n/^ lu- tm- has Uran. lus.
.\"i /*aM,,<>andi\ > /*H-nh I inakr l.na.l.
., ,iiurA//,i, i i^:i(//ri//,>(/ , I i„rn a. uinl.
.. ,i;:iUs/U:ittf/, i; :,<//(/./,/) ] jump.
., A'/A'V/''/'/A' •'•''>//, 'A'V/.A'-/'/) I .Mil sUi-pv, (In.wKv.
••A' /A' /'/'.;'. 'A''/A'-/'/) I am l,orn witli it
ISSUHU, {(III.} tohacvn, still »il.
.IM-, (</;/. p/. oi^) a kittle,
^y///. ill,/, pi. /V, a potat.K-.
Mikn'iini, {(in. ) icf.
^'V>//, {(III ) sn<»w.
.Yin
{ t; (I :.■-(>(/ I
I toll a 1
a lie.
Iioriu'.
j^izviiiiim, ^ . ,^,,
,. i>izci'iKi/(>, i }>(ru--(»(/ , I run
,, maiijani, { nidiaii/aidJ) I am unwoll
., >fi(hi/i(/('r, { iiKiiW-n/ , I am inuinod to vomit.
" y-fV.'!': ' f^'*'l->no({ > I am proud (in th(.uirht).
„ k'llclnp,,, a-et-inl) I ^\u\ m.vself. put j/jnile
. ., , , **'■ I'l'lt around mv waist.
., ^vi-iuha, .:r,,W, I wan. to sleep, am drowsy.
,, -wniin, -u(i-o(t) I am fat.
,, -u-hitiii>:,r, izi-(iiit'U) I have a dirty face
.\nnf oinicn/nu, { urii-iiKx/) ] weep, iry'on ace
/^(t/(i(/<'zi/,i, hunjrer.
A i.^/ii-(i(h'sizi'iii, anj^er.
nt
of.
tolerably ) zchiiHo-
KXKKCISK.
Xi>i //.//;rA>y/v;>/.//>- i^,ih,rk (t(.lerahly) zciiiiu,,.
-■;i" ^.'!f'P^'^^'^^^'^'<'K nii<r,Uizc<iJ, Uikz^diufi.
Ann an/a./inini kniiimc o mhhimimiu? XCmini-
mimiii Ominhizvii^ mi (are they ir<,o<h ki nii^/ii-
mimiir^ /unci, I o,i,jis/iiss/zL-c,^i>; ' p/o/s/ikaiuhiizcu
.i.''
r
i^
am
a^'j^-^'lt;
■%
-94-
>•«'. Auind mitigog kitchi otchibikiixviuHig, anind
das.li kazvin. Kijdte, mi zi'cndji-zcdbigonid mitig.
Azv tckibdkzi'6zvikzi'C zvcivhii pakzvcjigauikc.
(wzvikitan^ iiifii>zi'/ss, ouia dasli inakakeiaii indhin
(look hither in this direction). Azccn^nag /g/zi-
zcedi gzvuiashkzvauidjig? Mi mi John ogzi'isscii/, mi
iuizv gzi'aias.hkzL'duiuidjiii. Kitchi uaniugim gzi'cish-
kzvanizi'dg ubinodjiiag zvedamiiiozi'ddjin (when
])laYing'). Kazvin gzvctch (not much) gi-niluhsi ti-
bikong ki mama: mi zcendji-gfgibingzjdshid ndn-
U'oni. Kdkina anishindbea; minik cndihhizvad, oma
aking, kdkina go bdtddozvining glginii^izcag. (id-
zi'animddjig J'nigcnddgosizi'ag, igizc dash mojag
daicbu'^djig (who tell the truth) sdgiigdsizvag.
Kzi'izi'iscns, zi'czi'ib ghvcbaton! Xibizva mdnjaid-
zc'ag, bemashizL'ddjin Jizciidgani, kitchii>dming,
(when they sail on the salt ocean); nidtijid^czvag,
J/shigdgozc'?zi'ag gaie (are inclined to vomit and
do vomit). Kitchipisoda gizi'cda gaie. Azi' ikzveshi-
sish zi'/ningzi'f, ziwnisi gaie, oniisseian dash bining-
zcezi'an, binisizcan gaie. iVishkddisizcin onddddmo
azi' ikzve.
The weather is now warm every day; the trees
begin to bud, some trees are getting new leaves.
Some trees have many branches, others but few
{anind mitigog kitchi zvadikzfdnizcag, anind dash
pangi eta zfadikzvdn izvag) . Kitchi onijishizvag igizc
mishiniindtigog (apple-trees); kitchi zcabigdn izvag)
Those apple-trees are very beautiful; they are
full of blossoms. Thy children are very sleepy;
let them go to bed (mano ta-gazvishimozi'ag). We
are all born in sin. That woman often tells lies,
she seldom speaks the truth. Those who tell lies
will not go to heaven; always speak the truth,
^vhen thou relatest anything (gego debddjimoi-
•!nin.) That girl is very proud, she looks at her-
self a long time in the mirror (ginzcenj iko gana-
zc'dbandiso zc'abmotchitchdi>zt'an>'ng). Some 'children
—*)=> —
S"-ro/^^.j;;-,-S'';--;r^
Intkkmkdiatk Exkkcisk.
I perhaps.. ..niido^.;
thou miciou;
/y-/A^ ../V^;,...; he will .<> to to^^^"' '^'"''^' ^"•
Ia.,iaz.',doo- odauwii-. perhaps he'
will
J,^<>
to
town.
?,'"•> home.
^'/ A'-'' A'v-r. thou wilt }r„ home
/w .i,'V/-.i.'v:^'r;///V/,>.; perhaps thou wilt
/ii-mim>-aia, he will be well
la-,un,o-aidzcido^ iahuh.-, perhaps he will be
-^ W .^.., I am sick. .1^...; b, <,he, it, a^'o":
AT../ j^^../>,,^^,., j,,,haps I am siclJ'''^ '' '^'^"
hnf akosnnn/ou; perhaps thou art sick
^n,d cnnnnnr, I pray, I am a Christ an
-'—-/.,•, perhaps he prays; perh.;^; he is a
-^-<.v... now. /i/..V,,, afterwards: ^^IX^^-
V , . ""*''•"' ''-^' ^n<' '>v: now onh.
I" /////// auamiadoo- a-' ,hi<l, i. ,. ■ <""- .^/.
n/ ^^•/-ii/zcciii/d()i>- ua^ (ici>rt i,;,, - ..- •- """^ ''•■'•
JkCIZ.
cji-
■cncni uniiToi „i,id inapine
the matter with me), ./:.• ./
A
/// mnio aia^
da
(luiniii
(the
lere is nothin«
I-
(Il^l l f
A'
»r?..
ifr*'\:-"
()(,
N(hn/'(i na azv abinodji? (Is that child a Christian
i, e. has it been baptized?) Endogin'cn. (I don't
know). Miiki/a (perhaps) iinamiiiih)i>: AW.s- iiia a-
namicii'ii>-iimii>vii<i-; nin^a dash oma iiia: C%irlcs
das/i odcmiHi( (i/ddoi>: Ta-i>hvc na ki mama? 7a-
i>-/zvczc'/doi>; iiin papa dash hinw'// /a-i^rurss/ udn-
\i>om, pdiiima ta-ohvc. Pitchinai>; niii ^ad-//a a/a-
zL'hL'/i>dmiooiio- (to the store).
Is thy mother well? She is well, she will go
to the "store tomorrow. Thy father is perhaps
sick. Where is he? {aiiiudi a'iad?) Perhaps he is
in town. Where (is) thy mother? Kauimii ki ma-
ma?) She is perhaps in the store (atazvczi'igdmi-
i>vfiir aiddoo). No, she is in church. Did he go to
church yesterday? I dcm't know; perhaps he did
go. Wilt thou perhaps go to church? I will go.
Was he in town last night? I don't know; per-
haps he was. Wilt thou go home now? I will,
not go home now; I may go home this evening;
{mdkij'a iiin oa-ght'&fnidog- noiigom oiidgoshig).
Did thy father feel well yesterday? He felt well
yesterday.
Okdinaky Wokds And Expkkssions.
I bite him, ;//;/ /dkzcamd.
,, it, ///// takzvatiddn.
,, ,, nin takzvatiii'^.
The dog bites, ta%zi'ani>rs/iki aiiimosh.
I blacken, nin makathvitchigc.
,, ,, it, ///;/ makat&wissiton,
Negro, niakathviidss.
Shoe-blacking, makatezvitchigan.
Blacksmith, awishtoia.
I am a blacksmith, nind azvishtoidzv.
Blacksmithshop, awishtoidzfigamig:
I blame, reproach him, nind dnzvhiima.
,, ,, excuse myself, nind dnzvcnindis.
Blood, miskwi.
I Meed, ///// ni/sh.-/:j.
.. make him hU^ed, nin mi:<h.'/z.'ia
M_v nose bleeds, ;//;/ n/hi/.ni
I shut my eyes, ;//,/ 'A,ssunii:,-u/>.
" <>P^'n ,. ,, ///// pCikafcizviih.
1 he kettle boils, onso akik.
I b«>il It, niiid o,L<im, niiid on^z.'u
,. i)urn, ni)i fr/i(l<^/s.
It burns, /r/ifn^ii/c.
I catch fire, my house catches fire, nin ^ah,, ,,',.
.. bury him. n/u paoUlcnima, „iu „w.:,a- a '"'^''
.. am busy ^nrni omhhnila. uind onchinu,: '
.. \\i]K' dishes, >ifu oassind^cnic.
.. ,, his face, ///// ^i^(iss///o-ur:,'ef.
y ,. my ,, ;//;/ i^dss/'/wrlrod/s.
It is windy, it blows. '„od„K
>ving-, iiini>zviovn.
The bird has'wing-s, .>/./;.<> :,v^>v/;../ /v,/r.s/...
u iKl, paozczfad/.
Wild horse, p<ii(zcddii.bchcii<rou;auii.
}\hite fish, r////v//;/r<,'-. ' '
Trout, /i((wci>oss.
The whites,' zL-aidbh/ikiz.-cdjhr
I am wet, ;//« ;///;/:,./>-, ,//;, ;;;/,/.,
,, g-et wet, ;//;/ tiissdhazjc
,, wei-h (|rroceries etc ), ;//;/ dd>d/d,/d-od/n>r
A pound, nn>uo.dibdhhhk6djioa„ ' '^ '
I weijrh him, it, ,;/„ .///.,//,/;/,/,;;,,,, ,, •,/ .///,.//;/,/,.
.. shoot (with a j,nm), ,;/,, paskkf,!.,-, ^"'"'""■
- .. him, ;//;/ pds/d-hzjc. '^ ■
.1^ ., It, ;//// p(is/ik/S(n/.
CtUH, p(is/lk/s/(>(i7l.
Cannon, kifr/i/ pas/U'/
I shoot (with bow an(f
^'fsfi'iiii.
arro
w). ii/ii bimodjii
/
;>!"
^m
fn^
,••-'.
Sf^
•m —
••■4
t
ta*
^'1
■^v
:;p
I shoot ;il a mark, n/// i^odddkz.'C.
,, shiver with cold, iiiii iiinin^iK/j.
Shivering; from cold, iiiiii'iii^aii/hciu.
Su.nmary.
/(iz^cj/i/di^os/zjd^- Iniuiiiccdjii^y mi Sd /[i^'nc ^cd-oci-
iiiimidjii^' o^iniihchciii ii''/'.^'^"'M- ■^fmoi^'n' f^i l^'itiii'd-
iii'iis ( tiiv little f^^arden yields well ). .If/uo/iui^vsi-
:^'(i^' iii'i'^<-' !Li'/ii'('>iiiii'- /\/ss/'//ei, -.ciiilui ta-M>ii;ipo. Xi'lcl-
tiiiok/d/i!^' iiiii III iiru'Cihii Ilia ^\ kcliiiii^/ikiii/ii^' das/i
iiiii /in^riiiiiiiii>: /iiiiiizcido^; ki pd^ossciiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Ir/ii p'linii^ric^ diidiiiiczi'/i^diu/i^oii^: /o/ni, ki /,'/-
^■dozccii/iiiid lid loss.'' Kdzciii iiiashi 11 in ni-udn-
.s '
zccif/iiiidssi. A/diy, ki ZL'i-nd^z.rdJiiiiiii ii'^ii'o; ki ^i-
i^iiiKx/iiiiidoi^' lid tihikoiii^? /unci 11 ki i^ii-iiakzcctossi-
iioii. Mdri^dirt iiidtclii ikzccsciisizci^ kdzciii o zcl-iut
kzi'Ctdzc'dssni o iiidiiidiaii. John kazciii o miiizvcuiin-
t/ssiii ciidniidss/ti><-i)ii l\'ici\ aiiiiidi or-hi/wnis/iiidii?
Kitclii \Vikii'cdoiii>; 11 in <>-d-/)i/)(>nis/i, ninj^ziw'ss ddsli
td-bibonislii Moniiii^zcdiickdnini^. Azc inini i>;i-nil)i-
iiishi Os/iki ()di'ndn<>., iiiii zc id i^r 11111^x111 td-tdi(zi'd-
i^ishi /idzci/iii<^\ i>;dic iiiii oiiid od<}ndZL'aisinn- iiin
zc'i-sii>zi'anis/i. Bdpidoiirnai^- dhiiiddjiido- (children).
h'i oi-oi-cds/ikzi'coiinidoi(. Azc inini ptihiifr nis/ikd-
disi i^'Ci^'o ckki/dd/in. Kci^o hdpiki[<^oii ciidinidici^on.
An in cndiishizcdd kissdia'd^? Xissizi'di( nissdi?ia^',
iiiindiiizi'di^- dds/i niiiiissn'di^: An in izcdpi zi'd-i^dzc-
is/iiiiioiei>? Xdns>vin ioo nin zci-<(dzi'is/iiiii()inin. \Vc-
zL'Ciii diidiiiidii iiio/'d<( zvenishkdidnin zca-^vzcisJiiiiidi-
dnin ii'dic. hi ^d-hdshdiijcon kislipin zvi-dchz^'Hdnsl-
ziiin. Kdzi'in zvezccni ki nonddssiiioii, nin <(di>ibishc
(deaf.) Kdzi'in ki zi'i-pisiiiddssinon. Xinozi'iss, zvc-
zL'ciii tcliibdidtii>viiii>rn pdiidii^rianin diidiniczvigd-
niii>viii>: Ki -wi-dtdzcnuin iid ki nabe-pijikim? Ka-
zviii nin dtdzccssindn, nin zci-dtdzvciuiu; ddsh nind
ikzcc-pijikinidi>: Joe nibizva o i>i-i^iniddindn pakzvc-
/ii>diisdii inishiiniiidn iraic. iVin zt'i Sdii-dsszi'd: d Hin-
di nind dsscnui i^air nind opzcdi^dn? (my tobacco
;-..Ji
•<•>-
ind pipe ) . h-itrhl olrhihikin.
kilrhi
'-Ci'uiikz^-iiin
-^^'(ih
I tnc niHii
>/<ji)ii/ I'd/I'.
Mu
onijislii.
" ''fnu. „,un//.i„hsc„s , n,.v little .1,(1,1 ,.. A /"
LICSSON XVII.
\\r/>, nuf/,:ii- i,i anan, cnan, inan, an.l <,nan.
Note 1. These verbs belonir i„ the lifth o.tii,.
j,:atu>n; hut we phice them imme<lia el a tor tC>
hrst conju-aticn, because thev are omiuL u,]
tenses atid participles, r.wr// /;, //,, /;,,//,,,//,,',
Note 3. They are transitive verbs th-.t i^
thev represent their s.i.Jcct as actin,t ^ulle .J;;:
Note 3. The rVVrr/ of these verbs is something
a^iinate, either .a,.raN.or ,,vv.../.v,^;'t' a!^
h n. ; • •' "^ <'PS»',uo„an Kiic:.\fa,nlo. I
h.^K^ in (.Kl; ,,,;, m,^ncanu> pakz^cji^au, I j/ive
Note 4 The characteristic vowels or svlla
l)les, of these verbs are a, e / „■ „<,; , - '
ossi, to which the terminations j;; S^! ' ""'
Note 5. When the snbjerl of Ihcsc verb, is -,
noun or pronoun of the third jirson, he'she it
ey, the ohjecl will be in th^- secc.^d-thirdpj !
Note f,. As these verbs 'follow the first ccmiu-
J,^ation, crcept n, the imiicativc mood, we need but
w
'\r^-i
•.'
:"»'■■ a
■'■■■^■■"— 'i!
~ ■■•I
-1(H)-
i;i\H' tlu' tc-rmiii.itioiis of siiid indiiativi- inood.
Indiralivc MiKxi.
I
Wsoif /ni>t\
hnperfcrt tciisf.
< )h/. Si)i^:
iitiii
iitiii
iiiiii
mill
tiaz.'a
tlllZ.UIII
<H>j. riiiral. I Ohj. S/f/i^. '■ Ohj. rinr.
llll^^
11(111
mill
ii(r:^-(io'
IKIZCllll
ah
iiaiHin
ah
lUUHIII
luihiiiiii!
iliiiKifxiii niiiKihdiin
lui/nniiii
iiiilHiiiii^
iKihaiiiii
ihi
ab
iiiz^'ao{iii ' iiiz^'(ii>(iiii<
hi
iiazcalHtiiiii
ini
z.'dh
Hllllll
liniiratiic Mood. . \l)iniia(ixc /•'onii.
I Wsciit triiar.
Xi;: iiiii>i'.i.H'r\;\x\. I f^ivo il.
X/ ////i,'7:.v'nati, tlioii ,,
o iiii^iz.'rnun, he ( slio ) j^ivi-s it.
////.' ;///i,'/:v'<'niiii. we .yive
/v Jiii<^iz..'rr\i\.\\;\, von
o ////''v'rt'm.'iwan, thev
il
///// ////''Vuv'nair
/ /iii''izrn\nis.
/
I ii;\yc tl
tliou ,,
leiii (an. obj
o iiiii^iZL-nvdn, he
;//// ;;//i,'"/:iV'inin, we
X/ iiii^iz.-nMiw'ii^^, you j^'ive thetu.
(> iii/oiz.'rnAw'-.in. thev ,,
fnipcrfcct /ciisr.
Xiii ;;//:,/:rnaban, I s^ave it.
/(•/ w/i,'v':iV'nal»an, thou ..
o w/<,'7:i,'rtiabanin, he ..
///;/ /;//i,'7:cvmiaahan, we g-ave it.
/v' ////:;'"/:i'rniwaban, you ,, ,,
o ////i,'/:trnawabaniii, thev,,
niii w/i,»7":i;rnabani<^, I g'ave theni ( an. obj
ki ;;//^'/:i:7'nabanii>-, thou ,.
o ;;//''/:. v'nabanin, he
;,.-*i
101
/v w/;'V:.vnuval,aniH-, v..u
o ''///,'/:.vna\v;'il)aniii. iln-y
//// ^/<V/:crnal,an, .///, .//<-/:.. „al, a nio-. '' '' '-
•^'''"^ V^'^'r ''.-A'^^' J J.^" t., l,i,n lur
.. limiodinan. i ^^amod/c/ , I stoal it "''•''"^■^ '•
" "A-'''"'-"-''. I trust. |.o,K., i„ •)„•,„ ^r/^rni-
" """"'^"^^''^""^ ^nunUokrd., I ,v,.rship, "'::i!:^
., anokiinn, unokid), I „nler it t.. hr .n-nl..'^'
.Mm/, ia,n silver. ,n<mcv. ''•
l/v/-. (an. pi. OU-) a kfll'lo.
/w/r/// ;//r'.s//7c7-'. a shawl
iyf-<r^y'i </'"• ^^- "A''. "roa,!.
yr '"'''•''/ M'-r/VA'cif^, flour.
'll'.fV'"' P"^--n'/j-iiii. flour.
A//;///,- pakzct'/in-an, flour.
^r/.sv.W pak-c/jiirun, baked bread.
Opn, (an. pi. ,.-,, .-, potatoe.
I i<^„lika,uopiu, a rotten jx.tatoe.
■i^
'If
-'^•^^
^ 1)"'?^
"V
.i^AL
Z^'^'
'j^lB
^Y^
'^^ B
H V
^rwj
-^r-^V
K4_.4W
nj^^^n
(T^
I
ir^
■102-
i* ■•■'""
i. ' s * ^'-
II -^ .-v'
j i'
^-•^..
Azf i/czfi' (> >^t liinidiitiuiii iioiiitiid />i'//i; kil'hi
inos/izLuhi. Aniiiii matr/ii iu/'iii:!.(i>> i> i-iiiKKiiiidzcd
III
/k
[•//•(
ihdkzL
>/>:
iiii'dsoZi'dij.
hdiin
(III, i^air <fss('iii(iii : iioii^oiii (f<is/i <,'//
/iiiiiizrii/i><j.' /\i ^i-i^iiiit'ii/iiiiZid/Kiii 11(1 II ill papo
(> j(niii(iiii(iiir .Vdssiiu/ii .' /uizriii iiiiuiz^'iiid, iiiii i^i'-
i;iiii(>(/issiiii/ii () joiiii('niiaii, nil sd azc ^(•iik'k/is/ij^i)/
i^(i-i;ini(>(/i(/ iiiizi' j(hiiiaii. A'i'ssdit ../i^ iiu o ni-i/diid-
zi'dii iiiizc (i/<U'dsi'iii(//iii iiiiiiizvdiif I'liuioo-ceu. (.'d-
iidhdlrli (iK'rh;i|)s) o ^i-i/dih'rwdii. /\'i i^i-d/(izi.-('ii(ii^
iid kdkiiHi kid opiiiiiiidii;^ hdkiini iiiii i^i-dtdzi nidi^
pi/r/i indigo. Azc iiiiiidiiiioic (old wniiian) o i^i-atd-
:i'('iidii iiid (>(/ dssiiii-opzrd^diidii/ () i^i-dtdzahidii e
7i'dhii>di ■opzids^diidii, iiiizi' (/(is/i (I iiiiskdpzfd^'diidii
kdzc'iii (I i^i-d/dzi'cssiiidii (hut slu' did not soil her
red -stone i)ii>e ).
I rihvays hope in (iod, therefore I prav everv
day, morning' and evi'ninjjf. Some people trust iti
money, but Ihev deceive themselves ( zidiY/iiK/iso-
zfdo: ) Those l)a<l boys stole much money day be-
fore yesterday. Now they say: we <lid not steal
monev. but only a few ap])les; they lie. they
stole my money. That woman sold her beautiful
shawl to «;-et monev in order to drink whiskey;
truly she is a bad woman. Does that storekeeper
{d/d:i'(':c'iiiiiii) sell pipes and tt>baoco? Yes, he
sells them. Come in, friend, (iiikdiiiss) and sit
down! Thou art cold and huniifrv. Come and
warm thyself (/>i-dzc-ds(>in and eat! Yhanksl I am
not hun«fry, but I am very tired and feel unwell.
I wish to g'o to bed and sleep.
I.NTHWMl'DIATK ExHWCISIC.
I, or thou, perhaps not, \ /uizriii iiiii ki. .s.^iniicfoi;
He, she ,, ,, / ,, ssizi'ii/oo; ssidoo-.
iViii mddja, I leave, g'o away, depart.
^^
A\
/«'/:^v / .,,;, nuh//„ss/,unfot^, IhtI,;.,.s I ,|,. „„, K,,,,.
xvyr'^^./'S^''''';''?'^^;^'' '"''■''''>" ''^- ^^'*" ""^ --t.
. wy/ fi///,/Au'r, I <lnnk.
A/ ,^v-;///V/,^:./;,„;a.., ,K.rh;.,,s thu., i,,st lu..,,
I-'- //-..- J !"■'"'<'"«••. I>^'rliai,s thoi, ,li,ist .Irink.
•1.^ //fa. /fv.'rr/;/ /„-;;,,;,,X-:r,'.v,v/:.vV/.>^.. porh.-.i.s thai
\'- / / ... Woman will not «lrinL-
.\/// />fUa,/r, I a.n lmn«Tv. ''•
•'/''/vA, .jHThaps, /v,:.7>; /•/ /Wv/.AW;;,/,/,,,,, ,,,.,.
\'- - »1 , li ii)s tlioii art not Iimiirrv
. /// A:/>///v/%.r,r, I am thirsty "un^rn.
.l./.,v/.wwI^.wil';;:v''^a;,;^^''^^''•^^^>•
/(Hioi>: hoss i/as/i an, in// a/,'</' lA/'- •/-/ '"^ •
^n,ijru-/>,.,jdss,: ,,/n zc/.wac//a uon^omr
How is thy mother? Is she perhaps sick'' She
^s not sick; she ,s well. She will m,t lea^-e to
■^^^i'
1'* «
-i.
... JtJ'^
' J'
Is, .-
r'4
(14
morrow; iH-rliiijis slu- will loavo dav altvr to-mor-
(hi
Will sli
to Mavfu'ld? ■/;
IVrliaps slu-
row * (f:.(/.'>s:i(//>t/i/^ >. \
//f/ //</ /)(iv //'<•/(/ <,(h/i/i/
w.ll j^-o to Ashland ( Wikui'doiiL^ k IVrhaps slu-
will not \ri\ to Had U'ivor ( .l/iis///^/-.S'/7>/i/<^ ).
Wlu-n- is lliy latlu'r? IVrliaps lu' is now at I^a
INiinto ( Miniiiii^iC(iiit''M'iiiiiij^ \. Will lu' j^o to Su-
|H'rior? (itic < hh-iiiiii!^ )/ iV-rliaps lio will j^o
lliorr tomorrow. Doos that man tirink olti-n? Yes
he drinks very often kilrlii inuiith^iin \. Is that
L;"irl luin^^Ty and thirsty? She is hunj^ry. l'erhai)s
she is not thirsty. Is thy mother hungry? IVr-
hai)s she is n(»t luinj^'ry, but she may be thirsty
Ki^if'likahai^i.^cdoii; diis/i ),
(j. MNAKV NVoKDS AM) ICx 1'K|.;SSI()NS.
It is ealm, diizi'dtiii.
I eamp, ///// i^alx's/i.
Camp, <iii/n's)ii-u'i)i, iiihczciii.
I ca])size in a canoe, boat, iiin <^oii(ihiii/ik(i.
., contradict him, iiimi ('i<^<-//:i't'/(i:i'(i, i///u/ djidiUua.
,, take car'' ol" him, su\)i)ort him, ;//// /niiiiia.
,, support myself, ;//// /ni/u//(//.^.
A drivt.T -u-('(/(i/)/'(/(/ hehc/ii^diiiiii/'in.
,, wa«2;^<m, tilihidi'ihuu.
,, sleijji'h, odiihiin.
,, cat, i^(i/'(i^r)/s.
I cease, ;////(/ anuuita, iiiiid /s/ikwd/d.
., stop working, ///// hoiiila, iiiud /s/ikzcd-aiioki,
niud I's/ikzL'dta.
,, cease to be hun<::ry, ///// botii-hakadc.
My cheek, thy cheek, his cheek, niiioiv, kiiiozu,
onozvan.
I chew\ II in /ds/idi^zcdud/'/iiV.
,, talk Chii)powa, u//j(/ otchipzccni.
,, translate into Chip})e\va, iiiiid olchipzcczL'hsitoii.
It is a Chippewa book, olo'iipzvhvissiii JUasiuai^uii.
I write in Chippewa, niiid otchipzvcbiio'c.
......-»«
imi^a,
■105-
"'^ ^^•'»^''- ^-"us l.Tth. ,lH-r. is 7. spring luiv
' '"'" '"' "•'"• "-' -'tl. o.n.upisa.,uv, ... ,,..
.. initu-. niisk-zjahiki>k,ni.
' "intatc. Inn.. ///>, /7////,> :,.,,/>,,;;,,,.
'•rinis thristi. wahitroni-uf :;..,, /
C run bcrnos. nui^hkiJiminan.
ranlH-rn-swan.,,, ///././//vX^ /;;//;///•,,;/.
1 .ini . razy, ///// nhcainUi:;.
.. .1111 a cripple, ;//// wj/vV.
^-ss a rivor in a h.,at, uin,f ,^..,,, ,,,, ^^-^,,
.. swim aon.ss, ;/,V,,/ ,7a/:.v/./.,.v/. "''"'"'•
• . ., ///;/ /)nn(i(i(i<>(i
■■ cross it walkinš' "n the ,00, „/„,/ ,i/„ :„,-,/„, ,,,^.
.. ;-n.ss it„„ a l,ri,lK., «/« ry,,,,,.. """'''>"-«'«■•
I -urso him, ;//// ;;,,,/^/// /;,,,^/,,,,V;/,^
'.V «v»,
>^
''^^'^^^i^^i:*
fX'
•<
j'*
.., ..fi
■I0(,
IJCSSON XVIII.
[iv'A.> vndiiii^ ill atiati, on.in, iMan, <»nan. iintiic-
live niooil, m'^ativc form, fifth rDii/n^iifinu.
Noti' 1. To form the indicative innrxl, lU'^'ative
lorni, add the (erniintilotis ot" tlio afHnnative
torni. itiilicative mood, to the charaeteristie mIUi-
'•K's (issi, f'>>7, /'.5/, ossi,
( Htjcctii r Siit;^ ii lar,
/uizi'/u niii >ii/i^/zi.'(\ss/nnu.
,, /•/ m/i^ /zi'css /ridn
,, o w//i,'7;i'r>>7"nan
,, fii'n m/i>/:c'(\<s/imn
,, Xv' ;y//i,'7':i7'.s'.s"/na\va
,, o w//i;7':ir>>/na-.van
Kazviii tiin tnij>iv.'cssin{\\y\.r\
,, ki niii(i-.cV'>si\VA\yAX\
,, o w/i,'/:i7'.s\s/nal)anin
,, ///w ////i,'7:£r.<>7'minaban
,, ki III ii> hi' CSS I'iWwCih'An
,, r) ;w/i,'7;ir.s".N7na\vabanin.
Objective Plural.
luru'iii )iin fii/i^i:crssin;v^
,, ki ni/^i:irssina<r
,, o /iit^izccssitinn
,, ///;/ ;/;/i,'7':(:r>>7'min
,, ki ////i^VTir^/nawajLT
,, r; n/tj^izcrssindwan
Kiizviii nlii }u'ii>izvcssi\\{\\yAX\\f
,, A7 ;;//i,'7:rr>>.s7na.bj.nijif
,, <> ;;//i,'7':4'<\s-5/nal)anin
, , « /;/ w /^v'zi 'CSS /m i n :'; ! ; a n i «4^
,, Xv ;;//i>-/:xr55/mwal .mig^
,, o migizfc^iim.v!{ihAmn.
J!^--*^
.*j«:-" iii;r/''ip.fti-:^*i^A.!3r-iHS'. .X''3J«^.i'^ik/:'9t:»ffla:HHi8«Bi?<«Hr<?
^^ M<'s/U>,,uuu.on,n,. < .y.s// . . W , I Urn. ^....i„ ,,
^''^n,, .an.^ pit.!,. '''"'""'' ''' '""''^" '^ ^" "'>-^^"'
Mih.ani, {an. » ice.
^/Vy//, (,/;/. , stI(»\V.
1' J- .V'.s'"'. ' '/'/ />/. di'-) i\ saw 111 I
I ii^nk'iniKiiiijiiii'i { ,in /i/ .
. I liin iirfiif I .... A/
■W« .i,""'-/A"""' -/::■ „/,«•«/,/ /„/„,, , ,,111 ^„ ,„
.\v« «/,'„/,„„„„■„ A./„w,>i,.,.,, '","",„'!;;;; ';;;-■;,;;•.
II..!. ,11)1, John hopes in
(;<ul.
'.?^'^T
■ ._w
■lOS-
■1»?-,
1 ^Lk
*' J
sS'
( 7/({r/('s kill, ill o i>/-^iiiunli$^iiniii pakzccjiiiaiKiii,
Charles did not steal bread.
Dazid ii/hiz.a a ^i-iiii^iziniaii pd/cz.c/i^aiuiii. Da-
vid ^-ave many loaves of bread.
.l:i' ('luiniiih^/^' o nianitokciiau inasiiiiiiiii, that i)a-
<4"an a(h»res idols.
.\zc HkZ.'C od aiiokiiiaii ;//.s>:v/ luihikazid^iiinni, that
woman orders three sear Is to be made.
Didst ihou rely (hope) in that man? I did not
rely on him. Did that boy steal my kettle? ( ()
i^i-o-~iiiioifiii(iii ilia azj kz.'izci^ciis iiiud akikoinun?
^ iiiiid cikikoii <. (r'r^r/ z^w'ii i he ) o ^i-i^iiiiodiiuiii.
John o ij^ad-idazjciiiiu iiui islik()tMii$.hkib6djii^unai}?
1 saw-mill I. He will not sell it now; he will sell
it later on ipdniiiia iiiiti^o/iii^- o i>(id-ii/(izi.i'uiiii).
Does the Christian hojje in Ciod? He does hope
in him. That jjaj^^an Indian does not hope in
<iod. Art thou g'oinj,'- to the priest? I will g^o to
him this evening. Lid the ])riest go to thy fa-
ther? He did not «^o \o my father, but he went
to my gTandmother i nokoiiiissaii dasli o j^i-i/dii-
(in ). Di(l Mary give mueh bread? She did not
give much bread, bi:t she g-ave much pork i o <>i-
iiri^izi'iUuni iiibizva kokoshaii >. Did he steal to-
bacco? He did not steal it.
luizciii iia ki z:.' i-oaiiazcen iiid isos^^iiia n azv giva-
ndtch tclnbaidtiir? Enaiii^i\ iiiu zci-iiaiuizfciiiiidiso-
naii. Alii lid Kitchi-Mokoinaiuio- kitclii atiiocshki-
zviiij;, a kitclii ataii;ciidzcan /oiiiiaii; aiiiiid dash ha-
ki'iii i/izc(*/)isizc'ai;': kazciii Ziika Jon iia ii od a/aorssi-
iidzcan. ('dgihadisi (is foolish) etdi>;cd joiiiian. Ki-
tclii aiiok/ zci-i^ashkitaiihhod jdiiiian, iianiiii>dtinoii^'
dash kitchi zcczcil) o zcdiiian kdkiiid o jdniiainaii
( sometimes he U)ses in a very short time all his
money;. AI>azi. :i (it is thawing'-weather) iiiiio-iso
ii'on, iiokisi oaie niikzcani (the snow is melting
and the Icl is soft). Xil.izL'a iia /on iia ki j^i-^ash-
**J;
bf».<
1))«^
kIL
("iiasonun _i>/'-(ni,>Ji-t
•HI
''tell )///,/':
jon/'/d,- „/
SSOt^i)
•(I
II
uu, i^i-iru„i,„iai.uh,so,,i,u,„
(thrtv (luys) da ii/i.' i'l-aiioil-/ /,/-•• - -
busvt I woX '. "to"';,, „r"V"'';J"^-^'^ ^^-^'^^' ' -"
near the (Icor outs 1 " ■ Y,^^""'"; '""^^'^ ^"o^-"
not much sn<nv ne r th "r '^('•"■'- ^'"- ^^ere is
[!Sl^i^ika,nn. Di^;:, ^^,;^";;, -: -- tm- road
^•>. they did not .r,> to th?. "I • '' "='^^-'"iii''
to the saloon (s/./wU ; - .^^^^'""'l; tliey went
they earn much •;^^^;;'^;^:;;;<f '^^' |;' ''Hnk. Did
earn much monev <u.r ' ' ,'' ^'''''" ''"' ""t
not forg-et it T/-^/..^ '' v"^' ''''^" ^''^- P'tch; .lo
^•orn at%-our hoS iX',^-^'"'' ' " ^^ ^^'^''■^" '""^-l-
^'a').^ There is n " nu h "" '"^"'<f^'"^'" nnia-
•nnch bread and nor Dj T'll ^'' '*"•■ ''''"^^"' '>^'^
'''^'A') store up nmeh fl '^T "'"" ' ^■'■^'' '■'''•''/"
'lid not stored ui,'T ''"'' I'!'''^'- ^^^••- ^hev
Inmt manvdavsVsh II ""'"• '"'' ""■"• ^'" ^^'^'
;---v. n..r,-- -.,;;^ --t^.-
If
to ni;ike
.;'v/-
'"''::?'■" ^''•;-/'^W..it,inan.ohjeet,.
'• "'''^''''^^'^'-^•^^•'-i^etit, ^z'^:):;:^^
.1 /^/7/^;/;, I hrincr jt /../,;/ , , " "("'iiin.
)!nd atfncai. I sell it' '^ ' " '"^'^'^''•
■Wy/ Li^ishpiiunion, I buy it.
ff^
'\'^fu
110-
'»4
•»'•'
M*
k,
■'•>J»t
1»*^.
i •«•«••
{•.*'
,1/,
('//,
i>ii
l it. pl.ur it.
(/>///(//''(///.
7//.
:tn(iK;
(if^tiliiu'iii.
t.ihU
'A
//■
iikiinjiiii.
li.iir.
Intir
ir/i;/..'<////. .111 Iiiili.in wi^w.ini .»r lodm-
h/ utihdiidiiii II ill 1 iiiv > iii<i>iii(ii<>(iii.
.\
III iiiii'i-
•rii ii
/i>/iii
•III.
/',',/,
A''"'-
bixtk t. (hi (itduiii (I :cid<ii!>(iii
\iii i^ii-iiddiii /•/ (tliyi iiiii>iii(ii-
>ii i> iiid^ii/dit^iiii t.loliii Idin^s liis
;/(/
> tliis
liylli
().i d/i>ii iUiid
/"•/
IL'
.(ddii^dii : ii :.-i-i^i>ii/>ii/(iii(>ii iiid
l/sii/^ii,/(i(>ii Xv .^•idiiiiinit
i/ i;(i-i;is/if>iiiiiii<>ii
^dii' /•-'. ///// i^ii ^isiif^iiidtiini.
i/>(ii>i:.'iii. Xii/ lii-dldicrii iiiii
I II d i;
/// :./-
/ i^(i-niii^i:riu iiiii
i>,-
ii.
piii'
>iu-iii.
.\
/// ^<i-iiiii;i:. I
II
Sd. /\i !>/-(li<ill lld
(•<// lllll llldSII/d/i>(ll/:
III L
l-llicll >(/.
/,>/l
II o ''/-
'///('// iid Klid .Inlin tiKikr i. »•. Ittiihl i
i;(iil.
(>:
•d
kdi-
,//
/:.
(7 >(/ (' i^i-(>/il(>ii.
/citciii :.'ii:r.
■d
i>dl/<ii
dll IUI ( ///(/ )
•am.
Xiii :,-d/>dii(i(iii
Sif.
ill/
( tliiit hirm' \vif^\v;mi )?
/ n/i/ddii/ iid iiiii iiidsiiiiii-
l^dll. .\ III ill-lldi
uiii.' .y/ii i>ii-/>/(it>n.
Sd.
A
/ •'(/
-i>i,i,
oil lid lllll d
pdl>
II-
l)<)st thoii siH' tliat hiriio lnniso tluTc
•( (
ii
OS.
l soi> it. Wilt thou s.'i' ;ils«) ^ i-dic) iiiv \vi
y\v;imy I watit to soo it ( /////
•</
ihiiuit
dil ).
Will lu-
ii"
i:^
t 1 tVtv.li ' thv l)ook? No!
Wll
aiut
>t it
i ///;/
ii-d:
l
7 lld(
[({-..•III
iill). l)i<l
tiotn-ov built that liouso? Yos, lu> built it. Didst
thou buv if.' 1 bouiiiit it yostorday. l)i<l tlu- In
diaii \tii!ish/iid/>c^ sell his wiiiwaiu? Yi-s, lu- sold
it. l>id Johi' i^ivo anything? \ Joliii o oi-nii^izcni
m/ \ OS. ho j^avo soiuothinj;' (soinothi
ns-
iiti ,il<\i^'i
aiiythinji' i,'(''i,'r' in. obj. i Did Charlos soo atiy
thinj;-. Yos, ho saw soiuothinj;-. Did Mary briiiji
.luvthini:? Yos. sho brouiiht soniothin^-. Did sho
brills;- a bo»)k? No, sho l)roujiht a ohair. Did
.lohti buv .mythitij;? Yos. ho bouj^hl tny book.
Okuinakv Woki)s Am> Iv\i'Ki;ssk)NS.
1 proach to him. oxliort hiin. ///// <^(i^i^-/ind
M
II
"••'••"'"•'■. i!"i:i/.in':ci,i/ni
.■s'
yifl.ls iniil. ,un>/:c/ Hiif/n
iiiiid niiiii-
'Ilu- tn-,
, < . • ■ ■ ■ •" ■ 1 , III /It
•• I"" 't wroritrlv, ,nn naf^,Ur/nlo„
.. ;nn vvou.Klr.I, ///// /./;//:,v/.v///.'s.
't - worn, noth.n^, ...v/v..^.^ /v.v. ,.,. ,,,;.
'^ /;'<'thin^. is won, out, ..././/.. ,^v/'"^'^^'''"-
Scarf, nahikinca,,,,., '""'''"'^'''^'-'^ ">» ^nrlrhi./n,,,,.
\\ork lav, niiokl-i,i,,nad.
Uorkshoj), r///r>/7':.7X';/////i>.
■('-(i
ii:-
•>•-*
i^-
"»M
^s ■*'
> •*
1 m> nilt' ill*' >\i>"'«h-, ///// .'.'''/'■'
,. lOlIU' out nl tlic Wixiils, ///// '•,i!;<iii/, .rii'i///, UIU
In llu' wlinir woiM. (ii!<;>'>k:.'ii!i t/^>', «///.•;<'/ .ii'/t.
Al llu' »Mi(i <>t llir wolld. />.///(■.>./-.///,■<///;.•, :'<i/i/,-
WiMH.in's l>nMsl. IMosh.
M \ 1 . f t M ^ 1 s . /; .' /; /. ' /( ' •• /<• / /// < / .',' .
shin, inn k/Miiii.
M'.SSON MX.
( ^; //v '\Sc,;>i/i/-////ri/ /Visiii" (/> ohjrt I
('/ ///(• .-fV/'.
Ni'to 1. Ill .1 loiiurf li-sson \vi" li.ixc s]t<'U»n nl
tlio "Sv\(>U(l thiiil IV'rsnn" .is >iihjiit ol \\\v \v\h.
'Plnis in tlio simUoiui" h^liu <> p.iii.ii.m !,•/-:,•/:.•(/•<//
/(•:>("7'/\v.in. tlir noun <' ptipiihjii, liis l.illn-r. is tlu-
1<\ .mI jUMson .ind is the ^nhu-d ol (lie \rrl» j,-/
^■v:r,/>''/X;>(-7',\v.in, wliivli li.is tin" ti'nnin;i t inn nl
llu- "Sovond tliird l\-isnn" ;.•(///.• Inr tlir veil,
nuist .\oror witli its siih/rrt, \\\\w\\ lu-rr is w
noun nl the "Sinnnd third lVMst>n".
In this lossi>n wo wish («> trcit <»l thr "Scrnnd
Ihiril I'orsnn" and Tliird third IVtsoii ;is ohjcit nl
.utivo tr.nisitivo \tMl)s. Tn ho innro oiisily uiKlor
stood, wo shall uivo soiiio oxaniplos:
.1. lolni S(/i^7.':.'(\ John lovos. In this i-Naiiiph
llu-r.- is hilt ono third ]H'rson, .lolin, tin- siihjoot
ot" tho iiitransitivo \orl> S(ii^.'/:.'(\ ho lovos.
J?"
II ;
'■■"'■iiiv,. v,,i ,,,'"'■ ;""' ■"(■/"/ "I ii„.
.'•M" i„ (I,,., , '"•. •""' Sr. ,„„1 (I,,,, I J.,,
"''^' ^'irlri!, r. I,,.,,,,, ,,,
f /„//„ o s„r„h, /„/,„/,
'•'•"""■''•"'I ,///. /„/,,/,,
III.
' -''I <'l l'.'ls.„|
'- III,- -\.,on,nhn I /' •> 'T"- /"^"/''"i
•'s.::!;:.Mi.iM''';v,c;,^';:::j;;.''':^'^''-^ '•» "..
■'•-.w,:!r,.';i:^:;,. :•-'•;;;•'::• ';' "•'• --;....
""• "S.'.on,| (InnI IV,'!,,,' ^^niun.f „,„ ,.,
.I///.S////W..', f,„|i;,„ ,,r „,.-,„ , |.|„r-.l / ,
^"». II. V l;.(lM.r '''' '""^/''''W''^^
'^h'li. .1 |...(;i((M' ' " >"»K"^^^v:.
^Innilo^isiss. .-, p'n,,.,. „,„„ " ,;;/"r^^-. .
/'//'//. .1 IIKIII,' " ".''i'.U."S^-
2^\
M\
IVrsoii
1 ,, /lin//w;
'«^
* *
y 1
IIOSS(/ll
1 »
» 1
ii/'ii^innn
1 *
' t
opium
1 1
1 1
1 )
'^fi'll//oi>is/ssin;yn.
///////wan.
•*t'
fT^
'i'i*:
^'■••'
-V-
Jl
^7-
— 1H
/\ri/rs /or foniiiiii^ t/ir ''Tliitui third /'ir^iui/'
K'uk' I. To tl-.t.' "Siootid (liirtl" Uriiiitialions //,
///, on, ;m1(1 ///,' l'or tlic "Tliinl tliinl l'rrson;" 1.
i., Mdiiitim, indnitoinu'x.
Kulr II. 'Plio "Scvotul third" tiTiniii.itions an
aii«l idit art' rliati<;o<l itito //// lor tin- "Third
third IVr^iii;" t". i.. f.ssati, (Av.sini, os^zcissMX, oi^zc/s
s'\m.
Kiilo III. 'Phi- trnninatioii onrn (in i)r<)]Hr
iiaiiK's) adds / lor tho M\ M\ lVrst»n; t. i., .l/d///
A'i^'V.v/.N.soi a ti , ,!/</// //([i^/s/ssi tf a ti i .
Ruio I\'. 'IMk- "Sivotid third" tonnitiatioti :;7/;/
is chan<4;od into z^'iiii: I", i. /i/////wa\\, ////// /witii,
:r/\van, rivri-ini; oxoi'i)tion 2d .>d IVrson oi^iii; M\
M\ IVrsori oi^iiii, soniotiini-s r>i,'7//i\van.
Kiilo V. In iiHuilnuiie nouns with /fossrss/zr
prt>nonns, tho termination /i// is adcU-d to thi-
noun; f. i., /''//t//u/(i(/ zcrziu'iii o ii;ad-odapi)iHiihtzi'd}i
JhtiyAW '2d .m1 IVrs. ) Zi'iiazv\x\'\ (.^d .^d IVrs. ), the
Christia,: ouj^'ht t«) receive worthily the Hody ol
Jesus.
Note .V This 2d M\ and ?><\ .M I'erscm is one ol"
the beauties of the Chippewa lani^-uaj^e. If in
Knji;lish we say, John sees his son, it may
mean: he sees hi^ ozc// sof/ or another nuvCs so//.
In Chippewa this amhij^uity is avoided by usinj^-
the "Second third Person" in the /i/'st case, and
the "Third-third Perstm" in the scro/zd case.
Xi// //ildi//a//, {//a/iidid) I fetch it (somethinj;- a-
nimate ).
,, azvi //<idi//a//^ {czvi-nadid) I g^o tv) fetch it, I
f^o to g'et it.
,, ashanot'j/a//, {csh..cd) I g^ive it for food, f.i.
bread.
,, atdzc'(i//i^'('//a//, \ct..ed) I borrow it.
,, gn/iod/'tia//, {ga../'d) I steal it (s. an.)
— 11 5
/>■//■»•' • ^ • '■^'' ^""- '"""til.
/"/-<V«A,-:.v,„ „,,,„,/,,„, ,„,.,„„,,, „,^ ;!;;«.
"'■'■■•■■■""• '""• /»/. '«. .•, I,.all„.r. '''"''-•
KxivKcisi;.
Intkkmkdiatk Exkkcish.
•it not,k.,:.,V, ;„V.. ki.unsn,, rss/,^ ,;,,;^
tl^l^J,^ I will not ;
I. thou
he
I
^-J i
■^^i
••♦•
.r
S4
^•tr
SV
-•N.,
■ -**»«»
III.
//; //(/
.//
/ >/itii/^^;n iini niii'-/>/ii/i;itu.
W.K
A
I., Ill
t liDii n<)( Irli li in\ ItnnU /
A,V<' l/./;/<7.( 1» '<ii<;//ii\'>/>/ iihiiiiiihhli''i!tin,
(itxl OiM's not loM- piiilr
flw.
///'/ >I1/H :,i'lh/<IH'</>l ^</^(/i,'/V;^///,
I <|ii Hill
liUr .i\ .11 i< <■.
/\ii.,/ii mil /iiii;i' ii/iiii'^Di ill/ i/i/! /iii^f'triti, I do n<>(
ll.ltc III V ilci'il i ,l< tint! I.
X.iiii ,ui,)f'!>hiii, I l.iUf il. rr^rivc it.
.\ ,;; rii.i 'iii'i/,
.\ niii ,ii'<i:, iiiii;< II,
'\,i:,i>i //</ il .;
I t.iUr it, I t.il
kr It .iw.iv
I I MM tow it.
i-i^iiiiii:, i)/>itnt/ints
III mil
l,li
mill II:
Miisi tlioii not want to look ,it niv t.iiio«-i'
I'l /iniiiii!, .1 1 .iiiiH". Xiihiiii'iiii, A Itoat. .1 ship.
W ii^iitiss-l, hinitiii, .1 l»ii"» Il tailor.
Mit!^o-i( hnihni, .i »lii^-oiil, sin. ill lioat iiunU' out
(»1 .1 loj^.
.\ii/>,i^/>>iii;ii-/t /ii'iiiiii, .1 sin, ill row bo. it ( ina«U' o|
hoanls ).
■/'iiiiiii Dill iiiiiiiiiii'-.viii.' mHiIsI .lion a-
/ ,i,'/-.-
iMiulon ii>li,i;iom .^ hiiuiu wiAii mii j^i'iiwoiiiniisiii
,iiiii>mi'
mil
kitihi
''iti;
lion, hi
• 'i/ mil
7 III
•l-Ol
in, I i.xtoIiH; ,iniiiiiii':riii: (•
/\ii:,m till II i'i-iuiniii>ssiii iiiii iiitisiiiiiii'iiii
liip
Uif^
^ A
iiiiiii
ill (III
inn I/
mil
' l-lllilllliiS>ltl.
Ill
■in lilt
k.
' i-:.ii
/>,i>ii/i
■i-ii/ii:,'iiii>'(-ii ki lih/iiiii
II.
!i-,
,111 (, livo-sliip. stvMinltoat
iiiisiii i:
kitilii islikoli'-ini-
\ii:i.iii II ill i^i-wii-
biiihLnisln. () i^i iiiuiiii ii.i ii:r ii/iis/iiiiii/ir iiin iiiiti
-U-h.
niiiii.
•Ill lllilS
hi
O i'l IlllltlSSIII.
L'tl-
hh.on III
sill, hi
II ill, II ill
I iif kitrhi iiiiopoiviii* hiizriii iiiii t^ii-hnios-
'i-oiitoii i::
iiiii
itch
lid Kill nil II
> h
(lU'lll
'! I
>ii/i>ssiii, ( 'hill It's sii o ^i-ojiloii.
\y\i\ \w si'o tlio boantitul sti-anihoat? llr (Ii«l
not SCO it. l>id John Ku^k at tlio boat? Ho looki-d
.It it ami adinirod i'. I wish to l)orro\v thy r(»w-
boat. Uoos thai p.ij^an {iiiiiiniiissiti) hato roli-
4ii«Mi? Ho liatos it vorv miuh U' kitchi /iii^rii
' '""" •'"' '<■'. nn, i„nnl,\. /,,!„■
,"": """•': "-'lipsr.!. ^;/s,ss' /,,/.,;.
;•.;•''' A. '"•"' "'" '"'"- /v/v;,..vv,w„/ ''^"■
' <•"<•••■. ///// /.///.//,,v, -^' "' '•■
•«, •:•';'»•• liim, ;//// :r//r,v/s, ;,;,,, '"'"•
''l"Pl>;'n,v. ni,i,„a.t,iii,^,,^f
''^-'^'I "n-ry. ,la.n„a,ion, ,.nnishnu.„t, ka^,.r
"H.S he juts always. ;.// r^^/V^r .yVy.v^/.,,/
'p
n'
\~ k
ns
^^-i.
.57.
\t * ,J '■».■ «1 ■-
\ »M\ wlut r. iit/^i. III/'-/ iit'.
«'\.ilt Iniii, /////./ i^hp'i'iiniui, iiin kilt 'iil,. iiiciii.
il. /////(/ i\/if>i'iiii<iii, iiiii kill /ii/;.ii,.iti'ii.
imit.ili' hitii. ///// li{iiii<uii/<iiniii.
It. ///// i/i/Ui>.rii/>iii/i/iiii.
« Njui t liiiii. i/fi/if ,iii/:rtt/i<in/ii, iiiii l'io.
il. inuii ,ikii..uiluiih{(iii, iiiii l'ifi'H.
Mv, lli\. Ins l.ur. iii\/!l/i///i;. i/s/ii/i//ti;. ."-////;/-
//^•. ///// fi'm^.iiii, tli .
li.iM' .in .111)41 \ t.in'. ///// ni^liki'uiiiuii >.'<■.
.1 » Ir.m lii»«'. ///.'/ hiniiii; :^r.
(lirlv liivi', ///// iriiini^wi'.
I.il liiir, ///// :./ii/>/:i'/ti!^ :ir.
lt<i\j; I.UA'. ///// i."///;. 7 //•,'.{»•.
l.irm* ,. ///// niiini^iii/t'iii; :ir.
sm;ill ., i/ii/i/ (/i,'</>>(/(////;,' riV.
rrtl .. ///;/ in/sl:i/>/<^:i<'.
p.iiii iiiv I.UT l»l.iik. ///;/ iiididli'ki'.
I.KSSON N\.
^>// ///<■ sn/>///i/rfi:r ami imf^tnitiit' iiiiku/s. (/> a/x'
the piirtirif>lrs. both aljirtntitiic aiiii m^ti/iir
f(>nii. of the tilth (onim^d/ioii.
As vorhs <»r tliis ».i>niii>;iititMi tollow llu- lirst
loniuii-Mtioti ill ro^ard to the suhjututiv*.' atid itii
porativo moods, as als«» tlu" \>aTtiiipk's. wc iuhmI
init ii"ivo a low o\aini)los.
/\ish/>iii iit/oi:i.(Ssi:i.'(li/, if I do not ^ivo il, tluMU.
(an. objcits).
»i/i^i:ct's.<i:iti>/ I'/c, if tliou dost not jfivo it.
IIkiii.
,, luiiiizi'cidn ,. 1 jjfivo it, them.
Ji
— IIM
ly^htii, nu,^,;cn„n ,/,., ,| ,,,„„ ...vsi ,, ,|,
f^'K" >nn:,..H.n .1 , ,,„.. „, ,V,.,n ' '"'"•
^\''/ >»a^,:rrs.nr.n,, I. vvl„. ,|., nuf X, .If,
//V.'v,;/. („;,. /,/. „^, , ., ,,..,, ,„.^
/ontiaus, i„it. h/. „,> ) ;i sliilliii.r / ■»-
'"'""'■'• '""■ //• A') tl.nmNT. llu.mlrrl.olt
lv\i:rv( fsi;.
• '''.i;. .Mini ru'iihi "r-ni/<>/,.,'~ .,,,/ '^ ,
A M " -"-'"''-'""A"'""" /vV/ „.,„,/„■„
;nt"f Tvf '^';'-''/-' ''^''''"'^^- -^-^^^
"".s ^.irc not iiiertiful-lu-artodj.
Mf
yt.^
|f^\w
frm
S^i
i...
' .- J** *"■
'•1
.^UJ
]^^
.Mi'kiid'icH'n'iiiitiii' ih'tii-fdi. ithifliii'i/ i> ^ii-itii^i:miini
/>iii:ri'//i;(iiiiit/, i,'<//(' iiiif>/n//t ///^ttuiit/, i^iiii- ihi/uiiii>-
."^i/i^iD/. \nin i.,tih/ i^i-iin^iii'iii of^iiui^iiiiiiii _ii<iir
u>>i'fHiii/, i,'<//«' i^liki>lckiiiuni I lir»' s(rrl i •,'(//»■ /i[7>//-
kihiliii^iiiiiiti* hiii.in <> ii,i-iuiiii:.i''^siiiiiii. I///// ;///-
;///• niifj^iiisiui iiik- si'niiui.' .\V/ /nnnVnisiii^ /i/in^/u^n.
I\i ;.t ihitiiiiiiii ihi iiiii t^ijilinitiii.' /•'iniiiiii', :cii-
fuiiiii iiiii iiii-niii/iiiii^. .\/kii>//», II ill :,-i-ii/ii:fiiiii^t'
..i/i,' tiiliiui ki Hit/>(ii^i\s.ii;t>i; : <^i i\fU:iii-iiti::(il:c<^
niii ^ii(i-i/iiiiiiii fti>/ik/7>i'>i/i/<^iiii. :.i-ii;.i-iuuiiiiiii ii^i:v
ki iiiii'iii^ i>sii<<i><^\
Doi's tliv 4 lov k f4<i List? No, it ;;ocs rij^^lit, it
(lotl't ^-o tiM) List, it (loil't f^o too slow. Whrn- is
tliv iiitttluT f;<'iii<4? Slu- is yoiny to Iut i-ltU-r sis-
tor to horrow ;i krttli'. Wlu'ii will slu- return
hotiii'? 'IMiis rviMiiii;; slu- will rttiini lioiiu-. Nivcr
>.i;iiiil)K' lor nioiu'v or loh;uio; tliosf. that ^iimhU-,
.iro almost always poi»r. Wlio ^aiiiliUMJ last Siiti-
dav L»r iiioiu'v iti tlw saloon i (ri-n^wi'i/iii; ii/(ii;)/
I «ioirt know, who, Wlu-ti will thosr litli tmii
^ivo Itri-.ul an«l moat ait»l cjotlus'.'' 'Plirv will
lU'vor yivo thiMii; thov aro too avariiions. i '' In-
poor ho|)i> in tlu' rioh. tlu'v will <K'ifi\r tlu-m-
solvos. I,i>t ns hopo in our kind I'athvr. who is
in lu'a\on.
lN'n;iv>ii:i)i \'n: lOxiiucisi;.
Iiiaiiinutlr ohjcrl.
I. thou, ho . . . . thoni. \ miaii, nuni, iiiaii, oiuiii.
I, thou, ho.. thorn not. ( tinsiihiii, rssiii<ni, issii/tiii,
os^i 11(111.
.\iii -..•(ihtiiuiiiiiiiii iiihiii'd iiidsiniiii^diuni. I soo ma
ny hooks.
/x'duiii iiin x.'dhiiiidiin^iiiaii kid aji'^aihin. 1 do not
soo thy stock in^fs.
A.-' ::i-/iiii^;::c'iiini lui (!j^:v/:i-i>i(ii,'.' Dost thou wish
to givo cU)thes?
^'
Ji
/i./.vv// ,, ,KO ii,„i,ssn,.,n ,n,\s,n,. \U ujl
/>' ,K I "ton,, II 11,1 kill a I
tin III.
.lollll M,.)
I Hot >^,(
^'I'-^/iiiii/i'n.iniiiii.
vvimkI
'■'^■' '"^"■'■'■-' w;;;':!:^„;^,;„:'7':,-^
;/.'A//. a ,„„, i,,„„, „„„„;';,;; '-^ ."> ,
.^ '. Misn, ,^ xiiitntn/iiii.
I I ^^llhlnnii ;i III,!,.. /, ■■
I ' . I. ■!■ »">!», I iiir.ii iisstiliiLitii
/>os/i,ni/,<,^,ni, .1 vvliip; •
.\/// iin/,ni, r tr.ir it.
\ni(f (lion, I „s,,. j(
'011,111, Xissl', A-vc/., . ""IllOtl/l, „111 U,„f (I
v//'//vy// ///yy -,,/ / •■>• -^ '> K' 'ilon'iii. .\n /r.
^.-..j . '^/^,;.:;^::":-' "^^' — '/--/.//.aL.//.
^/''// A^.v/v,;;v//r,/r/;7'' •'•''''-'''''''' -""• '^^
<stoh., /^C J; ,r ^^' '""" - .^-^v///,w,,,,,,
/ill. ■ '^^'- '^"' A''f'/'"'"llf,„ „i„ilHl-
l-nn^r „„ui, ' ,. "'•„":;„;"•«,•■ ''-•7- ' will
fj"
y*
■m^.L^W^^\^.^u^^WW}
■ ■ ^
» (if
122-
.'ind dishes on the table. I have five knives,
Okdinauy Words and Expkkssions.
I (\o damage. f//u /xi/nh/ji/r/i/^r, uin Ihiiidiijihii^c.
,, suffer ,, , ///// hamhi/if(hs.
,, {4"i\e a ball, dance, >iin iiiniiizcc.
Dancing habit, iiiniis/ikh^in.
,, house, (hal;>. ni)nii(fhi.'i<>(imi^\
I am in dang-er of perishing-, ///// /xi/iitL, uin bu-
bamidis.
Dangerously, babaiuidj.
I am timid, ;//;/ /(li>zc('tii)n.
,, ,, brave-hearted, ;//;/ sofit>/<fi'c.
It is dark, pai^/tai^is/ikiii'bikad, kihiikitibikad.
It bejjrins to dawn, bldiibau
,, is daylig'ht, zvi'tban; broad daylig'ht, pdiraki'ibaii.
Day of judg'ment, dib(ik()>iige-<>ijii>(id.
,, ressurrection, dbiic/iibchciiii-i^/jigad.
Sudden death, scsika uibinviu.
I move, decamp, ///;/ i>;oi,.
Deer, zvawashkishi.
Bear, r.iakxvd.
A young- bear, luakdiis^.
Wolf, maiui^-aii. Fox, zv(ii>osh.
Deer-skin, zvcm'ih/ik^i^/i izcuiati .
Deer-meat, venison, zcazcch/ikh/ii zviidss.
I resist liini, ///// naiidkouu^ uin mii>dn(i.
,, ,, it, ///;/ ncDidkoudu, uin niigaddn.
,, give birth to a child, )iin nigiazvass, uind on-
diidisike, uin mikazi'ii abinodji.
I am delivered of a boy, nin kzvizviscnsike, ni'' in-
inidnjc.
,, ,, ,, ,, ,, girl, nind ikzccsi^nsike, nin
ikzuednje.
,, ,, ., ,, ,, twins, ///// nijodcikf.
,, have a miscarriage, nin nond^-nigiazvass, nin
nond^-mikazva abinodji.
-M
■,4
•^-fbi*;ji#?2%.s
'-(iii'i/(U'hiC.
\2?>
I J,^<» down a hill, ;,/;, n/ssakrur.
1 ne road tfoes down Viiii ,,/■•/• -
I ^•o up a hill or^"^ W ;::^7''''vv^^^^^
The road troes ui, ii '! > -j' • , ''^'^i.K'i^h
., „ downstairs, u<u n/..u:j^uncr
come downstairs, ,,/„ /u-nissandcrr
Desert, /V<;>:iv/r/.//v/w/.-. '
I deserve ///// -u/l-zcdTr/ii/ass, ,iin -ca-;,irl,i, ■
'. <li^', ///;/ -u-dniir,
- " ^^ ^leep hole in the j^round, .//;, J/nuianikc
'^irt, .^>^...; it is ^^ny-::j}^;^t "'"' '''^'"''^^
LESSON XXI.
On the formation of the plural number.
The seven terminations of the an,-ni:,i .
■"■e i(, air, /a- ,\,„. ,•• , . ' ^"^ Animate nouns
. ihe hve terminations of the nlur-.! ..r ,u ■
"'mate nouns ^are ;,, .,;, /;;, .^V"";. ' '^'^ '""
/y//;v// r>/ animate noun^
.I«/W«,S a little doff " "'«";"■-■»».
Iiiiiilivhh, a bad man " '/","'""'-<a(r.
. uaii man, „ luiiim-ZsAiLg.
~i^.
^
■L'
fll^
\:\
•«<
,'*v
... y...
K'iilr II. All .(tiim.ilr iioiins iMxliti^ in (i>/ iiiitl
/•/. ;iil«l illf s\l!.!l>lr lit; to tlif sitimil.ic 1o Innil
tlir pliu.il; l>iil wlnMi \\\if^r in /;/. luivi- lln- .u -
v»Mil oil tlir l.isl svll.ihK" llifv .ul»l /i,' lor llu-
pliif.il, I. i.. <'/'/•/. phir.il ('/>-'//i^: ,iss/i/, pl. (/.s>///i^.
'//.',' ;.■<///. .1 U'.ilhiM. pl. /.■/'.<; ;."r///.ii^.
/^//'<//i,'/>/.vv:. •</'/. .1 w.ilrli. oi * loi U. pl. (///»(//'•,'/>/>>-
.c/nii};.
,1 //>/'/ ;////;, .111 .n>i»K'. pl. mis/iniiiihii^.
A/isiiu/iss/ni/i/, .1 lnMii; pl. !iiiski>t/is>'tiiiit!tit^.
KiiK- 111. Tlir ;iiiiin.it»- iionns tniliti)4 in ;i. r.
1. ;ititl o, .uhl .ilw.ivs /(.':^-. to lorni tin- pliiiiil. i.
i.. ..i,'/A'<'. •< l'"^''- I'lnr.il /,//,'<'/'.'■,'.
Kulo IV. All llu' p.ii ti.iplos ol tlu' ;il1inn;ili\r
t'onn. ;itl«l ;i\^ ior tlu- phu.il, wlu-n tlicir lin.il
lottiM- is (/.• but wluMi tlii'ir lin.il Irtti-r is <,-.
llu-v ;ul«l /•,•• •• '•
l\ihi»iiihl, .1 riuisti.in ko\w wlio pr.i \ s > ; pl. nittiiii-
.A./jii^.
h'ri/iit'unn.i:. ■/'/</. ii siliol.ir ( oiu- who is t;iu^;lit i.
pl. k<-liiiO(nihiuiii(l]\v:.
^»V<;, //(/:. />7.'X/i/, .1 li.ir. v oiu> who lii's>, pl. i^riiiiiii-
/<■.<//;(/.;;/•,'. .i Iumiit \o\\c who listoiis to). \A. f>(-
s/fu/iii/^/i;.
Kulo V. A!l tlu> pnrtiiiplos ot tho no^^ativc
form, .ultl tlu- svll;il)U> •';,• lor iho plural. 1". i..
/\)U{!u/(is>/i:\ .i pa«i;ui u'iio who prays not), pl.
.yr/ii-i^7\;-!^i'ss/o: a thitnb porsoti; plural mid-^/^/
/dss/'m^ix.
Kulo VI. Tho inanimato iKuins, otiditit;- in /,'</;.'
atul :.'■/';. and all inanimato diminutivos in <i//s.
('//>-. INS, ons, and all inanimato n«nins. donotin^
Ci>ntompt Uliov ond in >7/\ havo </;/ t\)r tho plu-
ral: f. i..
Jh
^n^jLsf^m^
^'/>ii 1^,111, ,, |„.,|.
pllir.ll .fV/Zv/'/M, /;/,,,,
l'll'il^illlAW.
I / ' A " " '"II L' 11 IIAW
\i(oho:.ni, ., (,,|,|,.. , ,.■; ':'"•
/>„ ; ' '"'• I''- ''<iliiil,>:ri„.\\\
< 'in:in>s, . s„„|| ,,i,,,. , ,,,,,;„,„^
lv\ i;h( |S|.;.
/iii/u/,n ,o,nl„ n„l,u,n, <il,..,v is ,„,.1.
;• "'v iMM.s.., ,w.v.,, .w//,,„ ., ;. .""""■^
l'iiliuiii ^ini/ni {,,;„;., A' ,. '" "'V lioiisri
' """'^"< -■';'-.,,„> ^nn- <,-„„| ,,„., ,,^,^>
'«////,«,;/;. („„ i|„. is|.,„,|, •;.;. '"."I"' M"-''".-/im„l
S..^-?
' ^
2:^'"^
—:/- :---_..
i:<.
•^4.
m
ri*!*?
,.»»^- H
^••^
1" .-'*
}^^:,:
r':.l-^^
:v'- " "
.-.,...
r,_ '
,.<n
-•N-p
Vl
("lOixl inoniiti^ Irii'iiil wli rr dnsl (l-oii ruiiu-
Iroin'.'' I »-oim' sliiii^lit Irom liof ••. {rn</ir/i/n ^:rii-
////xn. Wlurr ;itt tlmn ;^<»iii«^? I ;nii
iiiili. I low iM.my priisls will jmcm* li
X-
>//iit
i;ultl
to
iluMill.
tti (l;iv? Tlwro iiri' two who will i)r(;u Ii; om- will
jiroiuli wluMi tin- first M;iss is l»i-iii«; said, tin-
otl'or will proiuli .it lii^li M.iss ^ ;i/fi;:r(/ kilrlii <i-
iitinit'ssikfiiiiK Wliiit is tlu- ii.iiin- oi tlio.r prii-sts.
who ail' uoiiij; to proaih? I'^athrr .John is llu-
tiaiiu' t him, who will pn .u h lirst, and l<'atlnr
(u'oriii" ot him, who will pit a*h last. Art- thosr
wivkoil womiMi luii- a^ain? I wish thcv would
oavo soon {ii
/>i[i;/s//
:.(iihti ni(i<iiti:i.ui<
ih
,/)- i)
Ol'S
thai
IIIH IHl (11
I
half hriHMJ sprak l-'n^^lish? ( /(r^az/ds///
:L'i<s<ik<nit':i'{iiiiii.'^ l.iars arc hatidiil, hut thost'
that hahitiiallv spi-ak tlu' truth {iKid-drhnt'tl-
ii'o-^ aro likod. l>oos tlu- wat' h ^o loo last?
No, it don't LTo at all [kuzriii luif^is/n; it stands
still. How maiiv littlr «loj;s ;iro thoro iti that
wigwam? TIumo arc four and tlu-v irv niiuh.
IniM' km i;i)1 ati". \\\v. kcisi:.
Stihji-rt iuaniniatc.
It is </, (•, /, o.
Thov aro. . . .f/.iv///, cunn, iivaii, ozvaii.
It is. thov aro, Hot dss/iio//, rss/i/oi/, /ss/non.
<>SS/l/(>//.
Makdk ijiuiki'uic /:r, th.it is called a h«)x. //////-
Ji(i(/r, it is called.
/\/ss/n(i, it is cold.
/iit('/iioiuit\ it is made, constructed.
Oiiozi- zL'aktiiiidiKiii nihiiiono- i>/-()///r/n'i>(i</<^:C(H/.
those houses were built last summer.
Ta-iidd/iiiiHh':ciin ;fi/.<S(h/, wood will ))e fetched.
/ufzc/n o/-/)/i///i>(i(f('s.<ii/(>>/ nil! iii'is/fKh'^dUd//, mv
books were not broujrht.
Jfc
->
r^f A*> /*
>':*
137
''''''''■''''''" ^■•'"•''' ."'-'»*,,,•,/,...,„,,„, ,„v
/..' ../.. .,/,;/„:,.,„ „,„, ,„,^,„„„ -;■;":■. ;..nn;i.
■""•■'"' ''■'■''"" -A-'Ak-vv,,,,,, i, „,„„ ,„„ ^,,1;'; ';■■;;;.
I/, / - . . ' ^ "t .IK ( ,1 I ((iiM 1
/>"A""//A'Wr. ,( is ini.x..,rwi;h •
/ •' ]';'''!']'' ;':''^:'''>i 's/Uofrwa/,,. i whisk V , / . /
poverty here i ,„7>H.a / /^,, ' '"■'" '^ "'i'rh
^Iv h.„,ks are here ^''"""M'^'^^^''» ouui ,/,,,,,;, .
I incense, m„ miuomdiilcakf.i^.
,^;
i/t-.!.
.l,r^M>L'''^'--S^
«•• .» -jf
-I
•• TNI-
•' Ji:^-'.-,"'-^
■,:?
■12.S-
(irass, iii(i:^/ik(hsizj, nuts/d'os.'^ni.'ciii.
Tiiero is <^niss, nuis/ikih^rwika.
On tho f^tass, iiii/ds/dosskv.
I pronounce well, ///// nihiuzce.
I'ully, III II niCiiunvc.
,, draw him, ///// zcikohiini.
,, ,. it, III' II zcikohidon.
,, him out, II ill iiKiiiiihiiiii.
,, it out, ;//// iiuiiiiihiiloii.
I'urposolv, on purpose, oiuljihi, aiJciiii(/i^/'i.
Instinct i animal i, (i:.-c.<si(iiiiiai(/ciiii<'Zi-iii.
I i>rin«r back the thinj^ I borrowed, ///// /)i\iiiz,y
zvu/oii iiiiici iizvii^vzviii.
Monkey, iiaiidomdkoiiicshi.
I make a mistake, iiiii pitclii-dddaiii, iiiii zcaiiilchi-
, in speakini^, iiiii pitchi-ikkit.
!, moisten, wet it, ;//// (ipch^'udoii, iiin iiissalnnca-
doii.
,, him, ///;/ t>pdzcaiiiu iiin iiis^irdHnfaiKi.
,, trouble, molest Inm, iii'ii iniovs/ikddjid, iiind a-
iekosKi.
,, act as steward, foreman. ///;/ inijimizcezc.
Steward, niijinazi'C.
Cane, walkinj^ stick, sdkaoii.
I stick it in some thing, iiin pa/dkissit/oii, iii'ii pu-
tiikidoii.
It sticks in somethin<^, pcd(ikidi\ pidciki.^.^iii.
,. sticks in me, ///// patdkidjiii.
Mv ear is stopped, ;//// o-ihitdzi'aoe.
., ' ears are stopped, ;//// ^oi'ihihhi.'aor.
I relapse, iieidb iiiii paiighhiii, nind ajds^se.
,, being sick, suiter a relapse, mud dndji-
ne.
Rejecvv;d person, zvcbinigan {an).
,, thing, zL'cbini^an {I'ncin).
I am rejected, nin zv^binigas.
It is rejected, zvebinigdde.
\ ^\
,. B;.!-"
,5 r"**l^
y-
',iM
MttV/
120-
I reject, ;//// -.i-chin/ur.
" 1. him, tiiii zi'Hu'iiu.
<• - it, ///// zvHtiuCi,,.
Hed-haired person, mhkzvumUhc. or
ini\koiidihe
LESSON XXII.
Verb, crniiui. in a„, en, i„, on.
( I '/. i Olljuaa/ioil. )
1 near the sermon. i-^ '.«,"»*" ^ ///,
moods, tenses i)artW,>l„!- .,.'■'£•'■'"'"'" '" ""
negative for^:;. '^M^'S!t;„t^J^r:^2e ^""
i'r;r L:n.f '^lidi'si-T ir?.^^^'"^ ™-'-
S-..;?;
''^
:*f'r-^
asiiiiiili^
\^
•l.'Ml-
JLJ'
..-^j.
'S- ■
urv as tlu-y will help him wonder fully in 00m-
mittinjf to memory the terminations of these
verbs.
Note 4. The characteristic vowels or svlla-
l)les of these verbs are: d, c, /, o, ti//s/ ( ])ro-
nounced almost like. r/.s\s/, as the //, is scarcely
heard) t'ss/, /ss/, oss/, to which the various tei mi-
nations are a<l(led.
Note Ff. We shall //r>/ jj^ive the terminations of
the indicative mood, affirmative and negative
form.
/'resent 7\iis(\
Imperfect
/eiise.
()l)ject. sin.
Object, pi.
Object, sin^.
Object, pi.
n
uan
m'dntn
ii('i/>(ini)i
n
mm
mibttii
iidlxinin
n
iHin
iid/niii
mi /hi )i in
mill
niin
mi mil) (in
mimilianin
iiihca
nazviiu
iKizjcihiin
udzcdlxiiiin
luhi'd
mhvan
iiiizi.-dha)i
mncdbanin
ni ( Imprs).
m
w////{2-3l»)
mini
Note (>. The objective i)lural, present tense, is
formed by addinjj^ un^ to the objective sinjj^ular,
in the 1st, 2d, and 3d person singular, and ;/, to
the 2d and 3d person plural; f. i., ;//;/ zed ba net an,
nin zvdbiinddH'An; ki zvabundiDidzva, ki zcdbundand-
zvan.
Note 7. The objective plural, im])erfect tense, is
formed by adding- /V/, to the objective singular;
f. i. nin zvabandandban^ I saw //, ;//;/ zvdbandand-
bamn^ I saw them.
Paradiii'ms.
AV// sii^iton, I love it, I like it.
xVin sdi^iton
ki sdi>yton
A7n suoitdnan
ki sdi>itdna.n
W0^:^-mt*
^•ut^a&m
■l.^l-
o si'ii>/for\
It in aun/'/dtnin
ki su/^/7(mi\\\a
A/;/ Se'ii^//(mi\]y.in
inn ><?i,'7/'rnnina}>;in
ki Hinjlow a w ;i ba n
o ^v/i/v^nawalKin
"in sCii^itoxw'xxx
ki .sv?i,'7A>nawan
o ^v/^'v^nawan
•\V// .s<?;'//r>nal)anin
AV >v?i,'7/onabanin
'> >f/i,'7A>nabanin
'/ '/' ""'A'V^m i n a ba n i n
ki WA'/Avnawabanin
'> >'/.i,''/A'"5iwabanin
Vocabulary.
Mu kikrndan. HrL.anjr) i know it.
M ^cahandan, {zjaiah . .ana) I see it
,, y/^//r/r7;/, (nzfiim/anii) I hear it
M mo/iton, [ mzva/i/od ) I feel it
" M'l'f/iii, (.iiaw..it/) I steal it.
" f''^^'^"'!; (A'-^-/'.'>^/) I can (do) it, I j,ct it
., ^:runuz:;/on, ilnvaian..od) I cannot (loT it
M /^.>///^;/ (frwanitod) I jrive it up. ^ *'
" ^^^''^/^^t''' (^^r^v/....r/) I break it in two
„ bigobuhn, UHi..od) I break it.
„ //r/r////, inauu/hi) T jret it, fetch it.
" '"{"f^"^'^", inien..eci) I drink it.
,, muijin, {mad/id) I eat it.
\\okcngan, ( /,;. yi/. an) a house.
Z^'^fT' ^1';- ^^- '''' > ^ wigwam.
lflikot(fu'abo, {in.) whisky.
Jnip:obdlw {in. ) spruce-beer, beer.
Mishimmdbo, {in.) cider.
Jommdbo, {in.) wine.
Apahizi'm, {in. p/, an) a chair, seat.
;/rfzr'
I:' til
'V-^
!-■ i
4'
■•;■•■.. .«,-■«*«.
I'M*""-'
.'{tiofxKi'iii, {in. p/. ati) a tiihle.
A/akdli' >/nis///(:M/:r<i/>(>^ { in. ) c(»tlVo.
Auihisluibo, or (inihish, {in. ) to;i.
A/is^-.rd/'o, ( in. ) chocolate.
KxKKCisi-;.
iVin kikcmii'inan ki lioiiti nunc i nan. \in nondfin
kid imv^zi'in (thy voice ) ;//;/ -..vCihuniidn kiiaic. An-
ketimdoisid ikwi' <> niojiton kilchi kotdt^iiozvin nifsi-
:vr 7i-/i(fzi'in^- (in hor bo<ly>. Anim/ nuttchi inini-
ii'iiiio ^ii>ini(hiindzc<t nihiz^i' niidjin ( jirovisions. •
Ki i>ch/iki/('>nii>i kiic/ii nihizs.'a zi'iidss i^oic pakzv^ji
1^(1)1 tr/ii niidjiiaiii^; apitr/ii ki hakadi'min. Azi' ik-
zi'i' o hzci'Diuzciton zci-hinios^i'd. h'iichi niin/kzi'('s//k/
John, o bzvdnazciton Ichi niinikzi'hsii>;. /jrizc Wvnii-
/ii^o/iwiii^' nihizcii o minikzvenazvdhan ozcdssondi^yi
iskko/('zc'(d'o X'"'' /ini;'oi)d/)o : ki.'r/ii i>izca<i/ikzct'hi})(i-
nio: Azv nrni ■ o/r^dir ozc ukizcnisi upitchi mi
ninj^ini o niiniK'zcendzi'd mishimindho ^aw jomind-
bo. AzciUien i^rd-nzvi-nddid nin 7n/ssini(i)i (tin
wood)? Afiino^ nin i;(i-nddiniin ki niisitncin. lie
Jiozcdtii^' (one) n/is/i/ bodazccii. /V/ikizcoi;- j^aie ko-
ko.</i(ii>' o i>i-niinikzirn(izv(i izv si^i^ibdkzcatdbo, ^Ti^r/
o sdi^itondzva. Apdoizcinivi nisszri bid. in onia, nin
zvi'naniddtd)imiu. AzviUicn oa-ojitod izv ^-zcandtr/i
adopozvin. Azc zcczvinj^hid niokoddssozfinini mi azc
i>a-oji(od; ii'curt zi'cizc'im^rsi.
Do you like chocolate? No; we like tea. Who
wishes to 'Irink chocolate? No one wants to
drink chocolate; all these women want to drink
coffee and we want to drink tea. What did John
drink this morning? He drank tea and his father
drank coffee, but his mother drank milk. Dost
thou wish to sleep in the bed or on the seat? I
want to sleep in bed. Could those men go home?
They could not: they had drank too much beer
and were very drunk; some felt happy, others
^M
^»m
V^M'
V -L
'^J^ J. K
i.r^ —
church? \Vs the clmr n- '"'"J''^" '" ^''^'
this murnin^r Di'd \\;,\J^' 7^' ^-"K^ to M.ss
'^ . int\ s.i\\ and admired it.
Inti.ivmi-diatk Kxjvkcisk.
Suhjcct iiiauimalc.
\\ is r/r/
They are adon
It, the.v. are not ... .,,,■,/;;.>,/
■'^nnai.ad h,mo,,en^, it is difficult to walk
'";''^-^^ ''-'■ '^iMii^i^i,a>uu, t;;:;i;st:!;;^^;^
^^('iii/>iiii(it/ it iv; ..-It:.. .1 . . dear.
^:^4^: '^ ^^ ::^^^^^
. " '/.-^^/t is cheap (an. ohjcci)."
' -''' ^'"^'"^' '^'"'' ''''"'^'"^ ^^v»,.., pork is cheap
'///r//./;;,.,;W, it is l^r^a- '""'^ '""'"'^ ^' "^^'''^P-
^'Jf^'<f<p<^cad^ it is pleasant. '"•
hiMrndaozcac/, it is sad.
.W/w-^7//, death. .\77;,/;,./y/, sleep
■ iA-osruwfi, sickness.
nodamoxuin ijitrln}rczvin, act, deed
Innidamozviv, thought.
''/Mndamozvin, resolution.
^ auairatavj^idamozvin. tneditation
>^dnagad tchi bhnosscu^^ gonikang. Kazvin mi-
■ M
V>^
<. .-.. - '.^;.L.^..^.*'
M ^ir^A'
■^-(
>. » ♦■ ■••••■
. 1.
AfinzLen({(ii*zv(i<i i'/fiiioii^; insMt'iuid^udd tidsli o
md (il{ni> g^iif kitrlii luaudiidd tiiuhiKiiiinu'ii. /V-
t(fiintii>o iii-miiio-i^f/iiiud, nof/i^om tias/i ktrutii mi-
no iii/i^tissiiioii. hs(hii. iiiitrfuhiKii^tui izi' adopozi-in,
ozL> ifd'^li addpozL'iiicns, t>.'i'''>ii (i^asftinidodd. XWn/f^n
uadoii iuizv apdbizviuuu i^aic is/ikzLUiiidt'inaii. /uis//-
kcnd(i!>ZL(td matchi uilnkviu, iniiizitiiddiizcud in inn
nibtkcin. Matchi akosizi-in on/a i^'iaithndi^dd. h'i/c-
Manito o jini^cnddndn nuitr/ii ini'ndamozi'intin
Miinddddini matchi i>i/\'nddniozi'inan.
Bad resolutions aro hatoful ( /in^rndaozcddon .
Kromis likes g-ood thou^-hts and retlecti«">ns. It i>>
a good day, the sun shines; it is warm. Thv
g-un is cheap, but thy pistols {/>dshj(:i>/i^dnsan
are very dear.
Summary,
A
nid
doi^i
/i7 zidhaniai^- tia nind dkikoo:^ h'azcin inn zi-d/xi
hsii^-; kazi'in onia aid<:$ido!^\Uia<:;: ndpiniino- aid-
lifmi^: Ki kikcndandzL'd na nuisindiirai;} Kdzvin
niu kikcndansiniin. Xinidjdnissidoo! zvczL-^ni i>an(i
zc^ndainoi'- aiiaini&.iin ord-ako-hiinddisiic^: Azv nii-
iiu inini od ap(*ninioiiaii Dchcndjiiirnidiin. A'coc
apeniniossfda iicinddisidjig- ak/n<r. /onv ^ed-atazccd
/liiod akiniizva td-kitch)'o/oniidinizvdo-{yK{\\ haw
much money ) /^ctcr kazvih o minzcdhdnidsiiin iniz.'
kctinidgninidjin. Ka na ki zvi-it/shpinandssi niu
f>ch(/ipdi>anjtin? Ki^hpin zicndii^id nin zci-i>-i<ihpinu
na, ki/hpin dash sdnagisid kazvin nin z'Si-aiazvdssi
(have). John o icad-atazn'naii o pijikiman. Onui
eidd/ii^- op/'nidns'in- o minotandzva aiianiic-i>ai>ikzfi*-
zvin: nlbizva ta'anamiadooamir. Anindi i>cd-ato-
idn kid airman (thv things.?) A fa no omaatdkaii.
kakon? Mi sa mokoddssozc inini g-a-ojitod. Mi iniz,
Ki^^^-^. r
:■l^-»;;:;™■;.;'^v;;^;:;•;; ;/¥-■: •'■'■<•«.' /.-.v,, „„;
n
.y^
\ f1
.*** •'
LKSSOX XXIII.
/:^.- neii-afur hniicathr „/ zrH.s auiia:, in
an, en. in, and <.n,
in'- ,r;,|.""" "■"'• "• '-'" "- "'S.'".-v inXa'-
/Vr.svv// '/IvAsr.
hd-.f/n jiiii honifiUo'n i /.' , • • ,
-^7 f>oui/ossin
tini />()iiif()ss/m\n
». <^^ f>oni/ossin{\.wn,
.. /'fv////Js.</iii (Imp. )
,. o fwni/ossmxm 2 .> p.
inn bo)iitos<i\w\n
^'/ f}(>^liio.s/x\{i^^•iir\
/xmifd.šsim
. -k.
1 :
«: . ■ '
■', , .1.,
-— »:■ <*
' 'it
Uh
1 »
Impcrjcct lense.
lunviii nin boni/ossindh-dxi
,, o />onitossmiib-Ar\
,, ;//// l>o}iitossim\n(\.hB.n
,, () /?ofi//ossin-dw{iba.n.
Kinvin jiiii hoii i/ossindh-Amn
,, ki ()oiiitossir\'\.hAmn
,, 6» honitossin-Ah-An'xn
uin /^o;///o,s>-/minabanin
/■/ /^r>;//A;55/nawabanin
,, o /;6»;///y.s.$/nawabanin.
Note 2. Instead of verbs of the fourth conjuga-
tion, which have an animate object, sometimes
verbs of the sixth conjugation are used in con-
junction with the noun iiiiinv, kiiaw, xviia-u\ etc;
my, thy, his body; f. i., jaivhidan nihiw, have
mercy on my body, i, e., have mercy on me,
help me. In the following example of " the verb
nind apcnimon kihizi', -wiichv, etc., the Chippewa
student will see in how many different wars this
may be done.
A7;/ migi-u'en, {mag..ed) I give it (away).
,, bhiou, i^hadod) I bring it.
,, biton, (batod) I await it, wait for it.
Xind apcnimon, {ep..od). I hope for it, rely up-
(m it.
,, apcnimon kiidzv, I hope in thee.
,, apcnimon iviidzc, I hope in him, [nind ape-
nimonan. V. Conjugation).
,, aphiimdnan kiiYnuiwan, I hope in you.
,, apcninwnan zviidTi'iwan, I hope in them; (or
nind apdnimona^).
Kid apcnimon niidzv, thou hopest in me.
,, aphiimon xviidzL\ thou hopest in him; {kid
apt^nimonan).
^^r»te;
137
hid (ipcnivionan uiiihihnhi!,, fu i-
Od afaumon «//,fa, he h„pes l^"ll'P'"'"""'"g''.
•• "P<>-!"'": iim^i; he h„,!es in t"ce
.. ./<'«"«.« .v„/„v>,/, ,2,.' ,,<| p„^.7-,^ ^„j,^^ ,^
.. .'A«/«.;™„ ^^!:,.^:;:^.^^^z -r -hopes
.. ..pM,„on :,;•■£ 'E,'h™^ <'"',:'/<'"/».««•.■„„,
■• "^'""-'':'^"^-^^.^.. 't^ iVetet-.
^^V;/</ ap(^nimon n/nhr t u , '" themselves.
EXEKCISE.
K^iie James. Af^^/ai^^^f:^ "-', ^^'^-'^"'^"^^ Mn
nii dash nouin^{^t^nd \l 't''''^r'tossinau'dbav.
M
i! .'
1 ■
iu*-?-' •" '^ ^
''1
1^
A.,
■\^H-
nan tiij kitchi n-wainitr/i nuisi)i(iio(niii)i. Mi mi an
(ffnh'-nias/fi(i/i>(i/i(i/i jyc-nii^ha^d/iii.^ Kazcin mcm-
zvctch (in particular) (nniniii'-nuisiiKi/i^diKni o i^v-
}nii>;'izi'essiii(iii, haki'ni musiiiaiii;iuniii o iia-tni^/zcV'
nan, mi sd dilnidjiiuo-masiuuiirauiin. hihvin no u
!>-ihi(ios:>iiiazi'iiha>iin nibizva imsstiii i^/'zc ininizvai^;
ODici i^a-aidpaiiiii? Euizvek iiihizi'a o ^i-hhiotidzcaii
missdn.
Dost thou rely on me? Yes, I rely on thee; do
not deceive me! (kci^o zvaic/i)iii<i/iikeii!) Help me;
I am poor and Iv injury { /('rwcndaii iiiidw). Those
g-ood Christians will help thee. Where are they?
They are in the church. Did the butcher (iiifaov-
zviiiiiii) bring- much meat? He did not bring
meat. What did he bring-? He brought much
milk and butter and cheese and fat. Do you rely
on us? Yes certainly we rely on you. Do those
men hope in (iod? They do not hope in Him;
they are bad men; they hope only in themselves.
He that hopes only in himself, will deceive him-
self (o ga-ZLHiicjimidu zt'iidzf).
Intekmediatk Exkkcise.
Subject iuauiniatc.
It is <///, ///.
They are ... auou, inoti.
It is, they are not, ufisi/ioN, iiisiuon.
Ouijishiu izv apdbizi'iti, that chair is good, nice.
Onijishinou uin masiudigamiUy my books are
g-ood.
Kazt'in ouijishinsinou mamiuddisizvin^ pride is not
good.
Sougaii izv hizc'dbiko-bini i iidkzi'dti , that iron chain
is strong.
Izv (d)zvi Icazviu sdiiodusinoti, that paddle is not
strong.
Kosii^zvan nin bimi-u.'andn, kin dash ki biviizvandii
'f!^:
.1 -^
;««.
■I.V) —
Him mwfia,,. my puck is heavy, hut
AW/,, u blow. *,.„. iri;ii.:':^>r^':;i;f,i;'„
but unbelief is weak It iV ^^''8:»on ,s strong,
fast. It is very JX u. ..""^ ^"''"'^ ^'^ walk
meat is not troofl ^t. '^^^^^.^nd heavy. That
good. ^ '"^- ^^^"^ '^^'•"es are no longer
Okdixakv Words And Expressions.
I am tipsy, nin joivibi,
- stand on tiptoe, nin tchhsiaabazi'
Tobacco-box, assdma-makak.
pouch, khhkibitdgau.
^l
('
I
•if
•Sm
»1
• 11
■* 1 - >!
- -1*1.
S. «
140-
T()j4-ether, nuinunL'i.
I stretch m^-self, iiiii jthi.
,, ,, it out, ///// pupaz'ahioiudu^ )iin dajzvabl-
kiiiilu. (some metal object).
Straw-hat, nnif/ikossi zfhftik-wan.
I clothe him, ;//// bis/koiia.
,, ,, myself, ;//// bisn'hvaiiaic, uiii hisi'kdnidis.
,, undress myself, uin <(isikzv(in(ii'c, uln gisikoni-
liis.
,, undress him, ;;/;/ ghikona, iiiti gisii'-wanai^hina.
Mountain, zcadjhi'.
Near a mountain, tr/n'g-u'adjhv.
On the top of a mountain, oo-hhhijrw, ziaoiddd-
iizi\ oiyiddkf.
I jj^o up t>n a mountain, jiiiid oi(idiidjizvd.
,. mourn, niii i>;di>-idozt.'e, uin uitdgr.
Miuse, zL'azL'df)i<(ojiddJi.
K a t , Kitch i-zi 'azi 'dbiiro n od/'i.
Mouse-trap, rat-trap, zvazvdbigonddji-dassoiidgan.
At the mouth of a river, sdgiinr.
I am meek, iiin bekddls.
Meekness, bckddisizviu.
^ lemor}', mikzv^ndamoiviu^ mikzveuddssoxvin.
I keep in memory, ;//;/ mindjimcudam.
,, ,, him in memory, ;//// niiiidjim^tiima, nin tak-
zvan'ma, uin viikzvinima.
,, remind him of s. th. ;//;/ inikazvdina, nin mik-
wenddmia.
In the middle, in the mid«t, nassazi'aii, nazcaii.
It is in the middle, centre, nazvaiizvan, nassazvaii-
zuan.
Middle-finger, nazvinindj.
Fore-fing-er, inoinindj, inolganindj.
The last finger, the little "finger, ishkwenindj.
I have long fingers, am a thief, nin gdganonfnd-
Ji-
,, ,, crooked fingers, am a thief, nin wdginindji.
,, am a fine looking person, nin mikawdais.
.itt-*
'::;j^m^,^mw:.
t£'J
141
A fine I
I am
LESSON XXIV
0» the declension of C/iif>^^.„
uj ^nippezvii nouns.
Inr, an.l Lonitm. ""■''^""'•. 0/ijcctwc, I'or,,-
Note '' TVic A'
mcwin, „c//o„. '^ ' """!>'• '■ '•. John: <l„<la-
Note ^ T'Vi » /■>
- poss;;si;„ tr%;T '^"^^^^^ ^^-"-^^ip
fook. The possess ;e case ':'T'""'^'''^^ J«h„'s
ting .., or oc/ (his, her their hiP'''^ ^-^' P»t-
<;f the possessor and the thin ^'''''" ^^'^ "anie
A>5.sr.sw a.«//;,^,- ;f,.,y ^J,^^ ^"^nf possessed, the
my father's cane; litteTam'. L V ;r' '^ '^^^'"^''^^
«/ some aci;o;;'^'^T^■^,,et;'^"^^^^^^^ ^^^^-^
(-eorge loves his father In ^ "" '^^^''^''^ **^^^n.
^,Jf is the same n /i" '^'^t '''' ^^J^^'^^^'^
Where however a noun o . the nominative.
the third person, as he X it^f^ ^''""""" ''^
of the verb, the\.^>;/!' X'^J^f >', '^t^^ ^^''^^^/
/^r/er r«5^, will be^^in the -sl A\" ^" ^'^e •;;/.-
tf It be an .,«/;«,,, ;°,,^f.% Second-third Person."
an brings a child. "f^'nocfjaan, the wom-
C-/--'
ff
T
<^ <
-•C ■ J'-'
'>£..:.
...4
■•.•^..1'
•142-
Nt>lo 5. The NtKutivc is used in addrcssinjjf a
l)ors«)ii, f. i., /lossc' ki sil^/'/u, father! I love thee.
Chippewa nouns un<ler|r<) no change to express
the vocative sinj^ular, exoe])t certain pr»)per names
and terms of relationshij). f. i. //dssr, (mv) fath-
er! >////i^(', {my) mother!
A'a/rs /or the Jonnation of the zoeation n'ni>u/(ir.
Kule 1. I'roper names of women endinjf in
kice, reject the two last letters -we to form the
vocative; f. i., (li/ii^vi-ur, V(K'ative (ii/ii^dk!
Kule II. The proper names of men and women
endinjf in a vowel cut off this vowel to form
the vocative; f. i., Xi/dite: vocative Xijod!
Kule III. Terms of relationship endinjr in a
vowel reject this vowel to form the vocative; f.i.,
uitiu my brother-in-law; vcvative nit! nfjishe^ my
(maternal) uncle; vocative tiijish!
Kxceptions: iiiml$hdme (my paternal uncle; voc.
uimisho! iiiii(idin>-u'e, my sister-in-law, friend (fe-
male talkinjif to a female); vocative niuiii'nig-ue!
iii(iji\ my friend (male talkinji^ to a male) Voca-
tive, nidji! niinishdtniss, my g-randfather, voca-
tive, uimisho.' udko»iiss, my grand-mother, voca
tive, nokd! uoss, my father, vocative, udsse/ nin-
i>ii, my mother, vocative, )ii>ii>e!
Rules for the formatiou of the roeatire plural.
a For auiviatc nouns.
Kule I. Nouns ending in il, e, /, o, add idot^
for the vocative plural; f. i. akiwhi, an old man;
voc. plur., akizi'hndo^\ abinodji^ a child; vocative
plural, ahin()djiu\o^\
Rule II. Nouns ending in the plural in ag, or
zvag., change ag into iiiog to form the vocative
plural; f. i., niud inawetnaganag my relatives;
voc. pi., uind imnvemagiiu'u\o'y\ kjviwisifnsag hoys.
■■(■■Mm^wmf-m
— 14.^
^o-"- pi., hi-ru-/sriisi(/o<--,' J„,vs:' //. ,- . .
^ '^- pi., t^ursctisii/oi,-; irnW /,1/,,;... '^ ^'n^,
//•:.-^:././..-/ u::„„Jn! ''^''''^''-' ^"""-"; VH-. 1>I.,
,K*ule III. N.ums en.iinV in tlu- „|„rd ,n
".if. chancre. tlK. liuHl o imo ,/, •• ' /■"' 'r'
Rule IV V "^'ituo, .yi,vy;/,,,^»/
. A- . h^ >-iii:> II It iniO Ullio' \^\ h.rtn «t,
'..«.vv,,7;-,i,.,,!'7r;:,i^;',;;:;.'^; ""A-""V'.n, v„c. „,.
Vocabulary.
■'-^3 /••'•'''''•'•:•■''''•'•'' ' hate to hear it
■•/"«<"'(/«■'•. f/"iiff..al) I hate
^V// wiiiofan, {men. iiu,>-\ T Ui,. * ,. "f, hating-.
'''-/^^.>«-*<..vw, s'^;. 'z t::z^:^ re,,-.
■^-'A--""'™, (/«. //. „„) song, hymn"' '■"''""■'^'i"''-
e
ft-"
i
>*«
\.
• 1
144-
Ma(izvezL'd/chii(a)i, (in. pf. aii) any musical itistru
ment, orj^an.
A7// iiKuizi'Czviftr/iigc, (meii..cii) I make music,
sounds on some thing^.
Kitotdiran, {ill. pi. an) a bell.
Xin jn(/(/xf(fssi/on kitoti'man, {mcd..od) I ring- the
bell.
,, m(uizi'(^ssitc/>'i>r, {niC(i..cii) I ring- (the bell), I
make sound.
Af(i(/zi'('ssi/r/iiiirzc'inini, {(in. pi. zcui^) bell-rin<i^er.
Exercise.
Ani$hinCii)hiog e)iamidssizi.'ei^ (ye
dians!) andmiag! /xzcizciscnsidoo; f)i$ii
pagan
zvcnsaisi(ioi>- n(nnishkiici>
an aiaiog.
In-
(you who like too much
to dance), kci>o ijalcdgon nimiidini^- cnamid-giji*^a
kin. Ikzvdz^'idog nicnikzv(!$/ikiieo\ bonitoi>- niatclii
niinikzi'hcin. /ninizi'idoi>- ctdoh/ikiieg; ifoni/og- ma-
trhi atddizi'in (g-ambling); l'di>o ijakcgon hidaji-a-
Iddintr (where people gamble) ' dndaji-minikzi'ini:;
gaie (and where people drink). Ki gi-zcdbanddu
ina nind anamic-niasinaigau? Enangi'ka, nin <>i-
zi'dbanddn, nin i^i-maniahidcnddn gaic (admire).
iVi/igd, if/'-zi'/ssin/n.' ^\'i'>.s\sT, azL'i-madzvdssiton kitotd-
gan. Kazvin nias/ii nungom nin i>a-madzi'hsit6ssin.
kazvin mashi lu'rwakzi'dssinon (it is not noon yet).
Aymis/id, aninizcapi gc-i)J-zt<issiniian? Kckdjidin nin
ga-l)I-zc'issin. Xokd, ki bakadc na? Xojis/i, kazi'in
mashi nin luikadhsi. Xingzc-iss, anin izvapi ish-
kzvdtcli (the last time) ga-ako-zvehinigdian? (when
didst thou confess the last time)? Jaigzva ningo-
g'lsisszvagad (it is already one m(mth) ga-ako-zvc-
hinigcidn. Xingzciss, ki gi-zcclnnigc na ishkzvdtcii
gi-anamid-gljigak? (last Sunday). (ii-Marit'-giji-
gak, mi api ishkzvdtch ga-ako-zcrhinigridn. Kzvizvi-
s6nsidog\ ki minotandzva na anamihgagikzvhcin^
Xin niinotdmin dnizvek, kis/ipin zvczvhii gagikzved
mekatdzt'ikzi'andic ; hijig dash oma eiad kazi'in ma-
^■-^1
"^^Ih,
Intekmudiativ Exkkcisk.
We..
We . .
You..
You . .
They
• him, anan
■ them, ritnmii^-
• . him, (iwa
• . them, iru'ai>-
A7„ n-. -I - •••^^"1 "r them, «:iY/«.
^'«, (/C/) 2L'abamamm azv pija-i. We see that ox
Nin ^l-ajuUmauanig niui^ii^oudui^. We coXa:
p^^K^^i eta A.^.-^/,.r f ;s;/;:^r^^^
J. • / • r, 8' ^Sro that woman married that «,o«
/1' OT-,««„„a.„^, „„ i i.^ . . ' tie pnes .
=y?Do3.„„ „i,h to hire those three car .enters"
-assd-
viatclii
i'lbakziHiodnL'iiramigoHir iua (in iail) ki -vi
Chiidren should love their parents. Do the,
fj'
"'S- .m"-
/<>
r
I4f.
hate niy parents? Thev hate them and they hate
thy brothers an<l thy sisters. Do we love" (io<l?
We do love him and we love all men. Has John
married thy dauf^hter? Yes he has married her.
Did thy two dauj^hters marry j^ood men? Yes,
they married very jrood men. Di«l John and
Charles fijj^ht with my elder brother?
OwniNAWY WOKDS AnD Exi'KIvSSIONS.
I f.-ill, ;//// p</u^7s/i/u, iii'ii ]^(i:c/ss<f.
It falls, ^(ifii^/ss//', <^(iu'isst'/f/(ii^(i(/.
I fall bein^ drunk, ;//// i^dzi'/h/.
,, ,, hard, u/it pakik's/iDi.
,, make it fall, ;//// />(iNii /.<.<//(> u.
,, fall on my back, h/'/k/ <i/(i:c(iss('.
M M M »^ face, ;//;/ /r/i/>ii^/((/iss('.
,, make him fall, ;//// paiwi<.hima.
,, fall down, ;//// m'ssiikos/ika.
,, let it fall down, ///;/ nissiikosfikiiu.
,, fall into, ;//// phnijissd.
,, ,, ,, the water, ///;/ hakobdisc.
,, ,, »mt of a boat into x.iC water, ///;/ ^iiiwid-
k ■■■"'
,, ,, through, ///;/ /Tibossc.
,, freeze to death, ;//;/ i>iizvi'uij\ nin maslikim. //'.
The whole heap, eii/^vX'zi/ssinj^.
I am headstrtmjf, n/n nw.shkawhidibc.
,, gather together, ;//;/ tmizi'ihtdiuisre.
,, ,, them, (persons) niii mihvamijiair.
,, ,, ,, (things) ///;/ nnhvamijilonan.
,, pick berries, ;//// niuzcns.
,, ,, and eat berries, uiti nimrdpon, (ncn . .onoci)
Collector, inaziu ijttchigczviniui.
I collect (money) nin mdwandjUchige.
Giant, missdbc, kitchi inini.
I am dizzy, giddy, ;//// i>;'nijashkzv6.
Gift (received), minii^oivin.
,, (bestowed), mignvizvin.
{|dt ^r.nlle. htrhipisiw.
Joe keeper, a,fnn,^^,^,,h,h,i.
Hotel eat.n^r house. nshan^Yzc'foamii,
I am lame. ;.. nunnau^aU "^hUhuiiaos.r. ,;,„
Soldier, //W;,v/,//.s/,. w/,^/,s/,;o.
ivancc. yfffi(li>(,u.
Last, ishkzL'iVrh.
for the last time. .x,-"./;,,///;/^. -^ '
Latch of a cl(K,r. pckdkouhan
I come late. zr//-«';,/,; ,wS/;/
nchan rubber. .^>-«55//.//^>-,,t. '
1 attack, nin nunvhi^ii^re.
'• M him, nin inazvin^zLHi
prefer him .^..//./ri/, i./,,,,,,„,,
- SO before, «,;, ni^dni, nin uJ.an/moss^.
"Jfe
LESSON XXV.
On the Locative Case.
Note 1.
the
Tl
Toclh?^^'^ ^'"^ .^^'^ terminations to express
locative case, vi? o- «,.- • ^-^P'^ss
e terminations ^^'.lll & ^^«^'. /"^^' ^''^••
lese terminations express
the English pre^'i:
\'
ii"'gr "i ■
.*!»•'*
,«»,-.1
1
is
^^ ' employed when
> -.sive ])n)n()un o or
. i., Kiti^i'zi'iiiinhciiii
f ' ers work /;/ t/ieir
,>h(izv(tii\ they come
■t
- -148
tions: at, in, to, fp m, out, of, on; f. i., oii^naii^;
to, at, in, or fro • t. vn or city; the irrb in tin-
sentence decide. • ,:,'iit '> memiinn the /ocatize case
A nsed. Thus. .'<v/ */;/,• //<^ means: he j^oes to
town. Od<!u(ini>- '/.,//'/'/ he comes y>r;;;/ town. (/•
ddiKiNjc (lid, he i //. t -n, or in the city.
Note 2. Terniii.iticn q
the noun i? used w' i',
od in the meani- , *
ano/:/:c'(ij> o kit i if . v. / :. t - ^
fields. () zi'ijfizi'd/.izi'u/
out of their zL'i^zi. ai,.^.
Note 3. The termination ;.'<,'• is used when the
noun ends in a vowel, f. i., ui/>/ng, in the water
(«/A/ water) .SV/'/ng-, in or on the river (5/7;/ a
rive :). Kitchiiiiiming, in or on the lake or sea
(h'tchls^ami, a large lake, or the sea).
Note 4. The termination auir is used after
nouns, with the posscNsive pronouns mv, thv, his
her, when the plural of said rouns ends in an,
f. i., ninik, my arm; plural, ninikan, my arms, f.
i., J«/X|ang, in, or on his arms or arm.'.W;/ 6nd-
jiga nitdzcaj^ng, matter is running ont of m\
ear, or ears.
It is also used in nouns ending in d, which
form their plural in an, f. i.. mdshkimod, a bag.
pi. mashkamod^n, bags, locative: indshkfinoddLWg,
in the bag.
Note 5. The termination ing is used in nouns.
that Torm their plural in /;/, f. i., ninind/, mv
hand; pi. ninindjin, locative: uinindjxng, kinind-
ying, onindj'xng, "in, on, my hand, thy, his hand;
also in nouns ending in the singular in kan,
fan, zfin, zi>am, f. i., (/wwkaning, on a mat. Apa-
/wining, on a chair. Addpownnmg, on a table.
il///{'waming, on the ice. Tf /^vwaming, in a lodge
or wigwam. /<?m5rtleming, in, to, from Jerusalem.
14'>- —
.lav 'X-z/^-f "^' '''" ^'-^'''''' "''"'-^""'^ it i^ warm to-
<la> /,/r ,„ .ummer, or, .,. warm ,/. in summer.
/> /..njr /// /•»/,/,„;/,,.,,,/ A//i>-^v,, it is already ./.
f.voa(',ta, that city is .« lar^re as Detroit.
near-'".^*.//?--'"'^''""? '^*-' I'^-'-^P-^itions: /r//,Xn;7/,
n.?in '^:^' 7''. •'■''""''' «'ir<mti(l; missa-ua/i, in the
middle; //;/,//,,/, mside. within, are used v-i h he
ocat.ve case; f. i., tchi^^aii /r////,.,/,/^ ,n\; nla?
the cross; .^^vrcvA/// A//r/^/j,;nnmg, around the lake
S"^: '"'--^-<V.^--/^'>ni;, Tnside, within tt
onf word whh'tiT"' '^' %^"^^'^ prepositions form
one word with the noun. In this case the loca-
tive case IS ,w/ used, but both, preposition and
noun generally undergo a slight chanJe t T
C^"' ^': .f-, tbe tr'ce; /r/^i^JLw'r Je^r' the
hre, /cA,j>-d-a,;u, near the road; //,i,// unamil.t
A'ww/^i^, in the church. ^ -^ cimim/eui
Note 10 The adverb cfaj/. (change an/a// ) is
often used a/o,;^. rM the locative case; f^ i /^
/rbetterri^r^''^^-^'^''''"' ^^'"^"^"^ ^'i/'- Still it
IS better Chippewa to say ^/-daji-;;/^a, .. pv-./J.
Cm -^M^:; tal"^^^v-7''^^ ''^■'■■'■"'^'' ^ --
one who lives in .f^'/'"^'^--""^ endaji.^/;,./«^W,
n^
1:
14
-150
A7« hildnish, {beb..id) I winter, spend the win-
• 7 . . , ter.
., stgzt'anish, {sa^..ul) I spend the spring.
,, mhinish, {iiah..id) I spend the summer.
,, /a^zi'djy/s/i, {teg.. id) I spend the autumn, fall.
,, da, {ciidad) I dwell, reside.
,, ddnaki, {end.. id) I dwell in a certain place.
„ dihiis, {end.. id) I live, dwell in a certain
r •7^ T place.
" ."^^» iiC^'es/d) I move to some other place, I
7 ^ • y / J ,. , . decamp.
,, aapine, {end..ed) I die m a certain place.
ddnakis, {end..od) I burn in a certain place
ddg-zvuss, (end..od)„ sew „ ,, „ „ '
,, ddji/)/, (end.. id) I drink ,, ,, „
,, dajikan, {end..ang) I worK at a certain thing-,
, ..,.,., 1- i., tchiman. a boat.
,, dajitibikanam, {end.. id) I spend the night in
J .. J , , a certain place.
„ dajmdan, iend-ang) I speak of it; also, I
,^ ,..,.,.. . . speak /// of it.
j\^(itciu dajindtivm, {m) mutual speaking ill, de-
,r- J .. , , traction, calumny.
A/w dajinge, {end..ed) I speak ill (of others),
, ., ^ , , , , , detract, calumniate.
,, dajiuirishk, {end. .id) I habitually detract, ca-
lumniate.
Exercise.
Anindi wendjibdzvad igizu nanan ininiwasr? Mo-
ningzcanjkdning ondjibdwag. Anindi dash wa-iid-
wad^ Kitchi Wik-wddong ■wi-iidwag. Ojoniidmiwae:
//rtf (have they money?) Kawin bdpish oioniid-
missiwag. Ml na wedi ge-bibonishiwad? Mi sa wi-
di. Kin dash, nidjt, anindi ^e-tagwdgishiian? Bd-
witing nin ga-tagwdgish. Ta-gosiwa^ na ki kitisi-
Wrt^ (thy parents) Oshki-Oddnang? Endopwen
wa-t;itchigewdgzven (Dub. Conj. I don't know
1"^ " ", •?? ° """-■'■"••tmm;,. mi da milf-l-Vi,,
<>Pnu- a,d,na-,„„„-u;„l. (;m,sU-.Mi a-v „iu h
aies sew/ rhej sew at Superior. I),," thev ,r.>
hand. Can that woman play on the or^an^ Yes
pies in the L'a- n-H ^^^ '''"'^ P^^^^^«^^ ^"^1 ^P"
pies in tne bag-. Did you ever sail on the lakpv
!*•
>^ ,^-::!
111' *'
\-.
|MI4~:|
•";•' '•'•■IS
■■ ■"■''--r
"•V .f
/I.,
-152-
Intkkmediate Exekcise.
Kawin asshvdnan
,, assizvdnaui^
assiTvawa
assnv(m'ai(
"We. . . .him not,
We. . . .them ,,
You. . . .him ,,
You. . . .them,,
They.. him, them not, ,, assiwawan.
Kaivin na ki zvi-honigiddtawdssizvdzva kid/ anishi-
ndb^zva? Niu vji-bonigiditawdmin. Anind bemddi-
sidjii> mojag o matchi inenhndwan iniw ikzvi-
zvan. Jiuldzuininiwag kinvin o gi-mamdiazvamds-
sizudwan Jesiisan. Kazvin nin gi-hindssiztdnanig
n in idjdn issindn ig.
Ki gi-zvdbamdzva na noss? Kawin nin gi-zvaba-
mdssizvdnan. Lizzie gaii Marie kawin o zvi-bonigi-
ddtazvdssizvdzvan o nabimiwan. Ki matchi inenimd-
zva na azv inini? Kazuin nin matchi inenirndssiwd-
nun. Kwizvisinsag o gi-bindwan nibizoa kokdsh-
.'^Jigan^ gaic aniois/i. i\ij tntnizvag o gi
wan ikzv&wan^ o gi-nissdwan gaie. Aw ^cbijigd-
ganji gaie aw memdngishc o gi-tangishkawdwan
awishtdian.
Do you not see those pigs? We do not see
them. Do they see my mother? They do not see
thy mother. Boys! did you strike that girl? No,
Father we did not strike her. Did you meet
those two men? No, we met only one "man. We
are looking at those beautiful pictures. Did they
see my horses? They did not see your horses,
but they saw your cows.
Names of objects appertaining to a house.
House, wakdigan.
Foundation, ashotchissitchigan.
Foundation stone, ashotchtssitchigandbik.
Corner-stone. ■^■ii-urMihss/IMg.n, nCamMM-
Book, paper, iiuisnniii>mi.
Ne v^spaper babamchOimo.musincni>an.
Lamp, candle, zvussukuandndhWn.
Candlestick of wood zvussadL,,;,i^i^a„ati.,
M metal or glass, wassak-waJndJiira-
Door, ishkvjdndcm. ndlik.
The door is large, small, ;;.«;,^.,,/,<^, a^rassadia
Board, ..^^.,^, (,,,„ ^,>;./^..^^^"t'1S
Plank, kitchi nabdirisswr. ^^''^)-
The ouard is large, snfall, mangad^si^ a.assad6si
Lpper floor, on the upper ffoor, upstafrs, ^Av^^/.
Lower floor, cellar, in thrihaf^Ti'^^^^^^
» •" lue cellar, anamissag^
Stairway, ladder, ./>fr.v.«./.,.../.v^;/ ^''"''''''"gong.
I go upstairs, up a ladder, cfimb a tree, ;./;,./ ak^
. go downstairs, descend a ladder, etc.^'^S^
Bed, nihdgan; bedstead, nibagandti^ sdndawe.
Bed-sheet, nibaqatifghi. ^ ^'
Bed-companion, ■wibemdgan.
I sleep with him, nin inbdma.
Lock, kashkdbikdi^an.
Key, abdbikdigan.
^ ^?^^Ji\u''''l' ''"' ^^'^'k^bikaun ishkwdndem
M unlock the door, nind ababikaan isht^!uZn,
i^'
^■-««i"
m^'i
■4 ^ 1
»i- „
n>
?--t»:,: i:^
,[ c-
^••'-7'^
A
."s
■154-
I open the door, nin pakdkondn ishkzviindcm.
,, shut ,, ,, nin gihdkxvadn ishkwdndan.
The door is open, pakdkossin ishkzvdndem,
,, ,, ,, shut, gihdkossin ishkzvdndem.
On top the house, zvaiiidfgamii>: ogidigamig.
Inside the house, findf u<akdigan.
Chimney, hodazvan.
I go in, nin ftndige.
,, ,, out, nin sdgaam.
,, raise the window, nin omhinun ziuissdlr/iigcin.
,, shut the window, nin nissinan ziuissd/c/iigan.
LESSON XXVI.
7716 subjunctive and imperative moods, as also the
participles, affirmative form, of verbs
ending in en, in, on.
Note 1. As these verbs follow in everj- way
the first conjugation, except in the indicative
mood, we will content ourselves wi;h giving but
a few examples:
Kishpin sdgitod, if he loves it, them.
,, sdgitoTvad, if they love it, etc.
sdgiton, love it! them!
sdgito^; love it, etc!
win saidgitod, he who loves it.
Tvinawa saidgitodjig, they who love it, etc.
sdgitong, if one loves it.
sdgitonid, if his (f. i., son) loves it, etc.
saidgitonldjin, his, their (f. i., son) who loves it.
Nin kislbigi, {ke..id) I wash myself.
,, kisibi^indibe, {ke..ed) I wash my head.
,, kisibiging-we, ykced^ I wash my face.
,, kisibiginindji, (^ke..id) I wash my hands.
'm^^m.rmFf^^^^m^^m^^'^jmm
^'" t/'/^-^-''^'} ^-^'"'^^^ I ^-ash mv feet
" ^"'^'^«-<^^'"^^. ikced) I wash trub the
" f>'«^'^^(>/, ike.Jd) I wipe my hands "''''"•
/./c/cA/^ V/ V /^" '» M face.
""'"*""-^'-'"-'- ^'W<^^'i...,. washer, ,a„„.
f^iishkibdsozi'iniiii („,> -*,/ pation.
^'ndon^sMd, ,^en..ad) I an^se 'gc^ up
" -^^^^'/f: (^-^'^5/./f-^5/^) I awake ^'
" A-^- (;...../^) X ,i,, ^p^ (having 'St,
or sat down).
EXEKCISE.
»S
'■ ^i
»- .*»
"'S, ,»••*
thy feet are dirty) kisibii>isiiicn nani^dtinoHi^hi.
We-vini ^aic kisi)ii>-u'C)i; klsinindjin^ ki'sisidcon
i*ai'e, iiiun iiash hdnak kisivowcon.
It is cold; it is like winter {bihong iji kissind-
magud). This tastes and looks like beer. Hast
thou shaved already? I have not shaved myself
yet. Where is the razor? I cannot find it.
IXTKKMEDIATK EXKKCISK.
• 'M-
.leossi.
/gossi.
tf
He. . . .thee. //.
Tli y . . . . thee. ki. . . . igog.
He .... me. tiin .... /g.
They .... me. «/;/ .... /gog.
He .... thee not. kaui'n ki. .
They thee ,, ,, ,,..
He. . . .me ,, ,, ui'n. . .
They.... me „ „ „ ...
Kij^'Manito viojag ki sCigii^^ God always loves
thee.
A'/ii/'g/igog ki kitchi sdgiigog, thy parents love
thee very much.
Kazvin nin ga-nagdnigossig anishinuhcg, the In-
dians will not leave me.
Kau'in nin zcancuimigossi azu inini, that man
does not forget me.
luizvin ki miku>dnimigoss>g bcmddisidjig, peoplo
do not remember thee.
Niii wdbamigog ninigiigog, my parents see me,
Kazvin gigo nin minigossi, he don't give me any
thing-,
JcsHS nin gi-agzvds/iimig, Jesus redeemed me.
Ki ga-jazvinimigog Wemitigojiwag, the French
men will help thee.
Nin sdgia noss gaie noss nin sdgiig. Kazvin wi-
ka ki ga-zvaninimigossi kikdniss. kazvin gaie zviku
ki ga-nagdnigossi. Xibizva bisikd^anan nin gi-ini-
nig azv mino ikwe; nind dpitcht sdgia. Ki gi-mi-
.'--^:*^
■^
157
cans). •"- < »»1,'^ knives: Ameri-
neS-der:^'?Le"'Those"do"''-^" ""^^' ^'^^ -^"
am afraid of them Thev^' T,^"^ *" ^'^^ "^^' I
<lon't be afraid. I lo.I^tL'^'" ""? ^^*^ thee;
love me. Thou hatest the seh f"P^' "°^' ^^^v
hate thee; they wisl'to kill \t ""f" ^°'^ ^^^^^
fraid of them; but thpv J ^•^^. ^ ^"» ««* a-
that woman ^Wve thee LeacP "s'.'^'r"/ '"^" I^"'
me bread, but she l^'v me no^^ '^''} "^'^ ^ive
tea and manj other thim's^ Sh'p T^^' P"'^*"^^'
man. Did thy parents ^Z^X ^ '^ ^ ^°«^ wo-
^iicl not see mef I wfs not I ' ^i^'^ "^^^^- ^hey
that lar^edo^/ fear theeVH/'/''' "'^^*" I^^>^^
^ fear him; pe^haps h'e'wijf'^it^^""^ '^^' ^^'
^'<'^nes of thin^ an, persons connerfe, -..th
iJivinc Serx'ice.
I say Mass, nind anamissikc
'hear Mass. «/,rf „.,,„,,„ _^"<:'"l--^'il Kossman.
Ajtar, ™«»&/^r-«</;M„;";-, ""*'^^'"' "'""'«'«'fe»A'--
Altar-cloth, «»a»;&«&.ar/c>„w„,j,,„
^^npnw-
fU'>
. --»1 J** ■
t ■'••4.,
158
Chalice, anami^-ininikwddji^au.
Wine, jomindho; water, nih{.
Holy water, auamUzviibo,
Baptismal water, slgaandddizvini-niht.
Host, ostizi'in. Missal, anamhsikemasimligan.
Gospel, minwddjimowin.
Gospel -book, min-wddjimo-masindigau.
Vestment, anamissike-a^zviwin.
Alb, surplice, waidhishkag agzvizviu.
Confessional, ^ndaji-'ufcbinigriig:
Pulpit, indaji-gagikv-'eng.
Gallery, dnihijicrndmi^nagamdng.
Sanctuary, indajianamhsikcng^.
Tabernacle, indaji-ganaw^ndjigddeg kitchitwd En-
karistlzviu.
Bell, kitotdgan.
Bell -tower, dndaji-agodeg kitchikitotdgan.
The bell ring-s, madzudssin kitotdgan.
I ring the bell, «/« madzvhsiion kitotdgan, niu
madzvessitchige.
Be 1 1 -r in ger , madzvessitchigiwinlni.
I play on the organ, nin madzvezvitchige.
Organ ist, madzvezvdtchigizvinini, madzvezvdtchigiwi
k'U'd; (-g-'I-u'c).
I blow on the trumpet, nin madzvizveton bodadji-
gan.
Vespers, ondgoshinagamdnan.
At the Elevation, ishpinamlng Jcstis zviiaw, /est/.<
o iniskzvim.
I receive Holy Communion, nin oddpindn kitchit-
zvd Etikaristiwin, Jesus zviidz^
,, g-ive Holy Communion, nin migizvcn kitchitzvu
Eukaristizvin.
Prayer-book, anamid-masindigan.
I make the sign of the cross, nin tchihaidtigonigc.
»> »» <,<, ,, ,, ,, ,, on him, nin tchibaid
tigonamazva.
Crucifix, tchibaidtig, better ajideidtig, or anamic-
zvatig.
IS>)
LESSON XXVII
"Oly a few examples '°"J"»''«"»'. "-e shall give
""""'■""' '"""''"--'^! w:"^wh„ .,„ ,„. f,.,,
^v«r/«Y/ iiaiihiissiweti, Vou who Pt<^ **' ^^^™-
%» "-«-. do„.f •uL'ir.e? f,:^.ae„, (fetch it,
,. nudikifiron, don't (you) etc *^^"'^-
^v./iA,. nadisslufr^ if ^/e does „ot fetch it th.
//.//V/V/W;;" one not ;. \""^ •'^"^' "^^^ etc.
^""' "' '""'■■ ('^'-Se W;.), "re'JrS giving
^V/« r^^^zf^w^wrt'rt;/, re-oK- ,,;,^N T^P; abandoning.
y A put II in my mouth to
^'^«c^.(r««, ^hfpi ««)'^t'hroat "^ '^'
??#''—
IK
1* t
-^i
i^
■I -
i ■'-■<.
'^ ^'^l.*^
1^5*
Aln t(tindjigc, ( i(zt'en. .cd) I swallow.
,, tftzvan, {taiazvani'ii) I open my mouth.
^ibdkzviidn, {gch...(nif() I shut it.
1»
EXKKCISE.
Gi-ishk-uxl-bisik'wamiidiiui, ^i-ishkzt'd-kisibigiiiiii
^aie zvewini 'jctssiuin, k^i^o tiitniiiisikdn; bzva niCid-
jitdian dash, mik-w^nim Koss f>(/f[iiou^, azv tnd^/
zved kdkind i^^i^o, v-'cw^ni dash a nam /an. (ui-ish
kzvd-zvissfniianin dash, minaxv<» zvezv^ni atuhuian.
Mi dash tchi anoklian. Mcgzva zrass/niian/n, bHa
go wissinin; k^i>o osdm daddtabikcn zvtssiniiau,
zvezvini aozvanindan izv mddjh'an, k^go osdm zir-
ivlb gondangdn ga-Jdkamdian, ndkazce zcezt'i'ni ag-
zoan^ndan izv ga-jdkamdian. Aidpi gashkibdson.
bzvdnazvildian itash zvi-gashkibdsoian gashkibdsozt'i-
gdmigong ijan, anoj dash gashkibdsozviuini tchi
gashkibanik. Kab^-gijig zvczvhii anokin, kitigoi,
manissdu, kishkibodjigcn, tashkigdisscii, gdnima ba-
kdn anokiwin zvezvati dajikan. K^go bon-anokikeu
bzva ondgoshig. Wendgoshigin zvczc^ni ki gad-dn-
web (rest") gaic ki ga-sdgasswd zvdnibik, mi dash
niinazva tchi kisibig/iigzi'dian, tchi kisibigin/udiiiai/
gaic; u'cwdiii ondgoshi-zcissinin, andjnian dash tchi
ozva mddjitdian gaie gi-ishkzcdtdian. Gi-ishkzva-ou
dgoshi-wissiniiauin kdgo ijdkcu si}>inigdzvigdmi-
gong, kcma gaie nimiidiwigdmigong. Bzva gazvi-
shimoian dash zvcwdni nandgatazuhiindison anzcr-
nindison gaie. Patrossdnim hijc-Manito tchi zvi-ga-
nazvdnimtk kabd-tibik nebdianin. Mi gcd-iji-bimddi-
siian, mi gcd-ijitchie'dian dndasso-g/jigak minik
gc-bimddisizi'ancn. Afigwctch, ndsse, mi gdget zca-
ijizvdbisiidn.
Where is my razor? I want to shave. John,
didst thou put it somewhere? I did not see thy
razor, Mary put it on the table. Where is tht.-
soap and water and towel? I put them on the
table. Where is the looking-glass? Here it is.
"!lf
U,l
ha:? '^i^ ^^' , - -h^'V^j;;! after .h„
the barber? They ,li, „o, "' }^"T- """J!. «" '"
Who s.„,e n,v ha.TN,:^,t\,^ '"„7''^^7-' '«■
thou not put it „„ the chair? Ye,f here i? i,
l^r sS" *" ""i ^'^-^^ "I' ""nkin„ wi be
i"wT:if,£r»"J^-^-^^^^^^^^^^^^^
then thou ma3^esi ^ t" he^ X^"'"'"' '^'"^"^'^'
Intermediate Exekcise.
He... us: ;//„ (Xv) . . . ./^,^,,,,,,
they.... us: ;./;^ (Xv) . . .'. 4,v.;.JW
he . . . . you >t/ . . . . /;^y.^v/ "^
they.... you: /:/..../irozc-ai>/
Kazvin niu Uu) . . . . i^ossinau
" .'.' " • • • igossitianiu
" *'' '[l^ossizva
f...
'W'
{iivss/zi'ap.
-» II
■«!^if-
'"•^^
Xkl^.l-
" S. ,*•••
^
/*•■
faiiiuTs arc watcninj^ us.
h'ijt* Ma II ltd ki iii7n'iu'inii>vittin, (iod owns us, we
beloiijr to (7(m1.
h'duiii /•/ />(ii>vssi'iJiin/<i()Si:/ii(in <i:i- I'uiii/, that man
(U)c's not ask us.
haze/ II tiz^' ikzvc ki ^lui-odiipiiii^ihi^izfa, that woni
an will not receive vou.
/uUiiid Jai>(iii(h/i(iir ki S(li>i/i>vu(/niii; all the Knj^
lish love us.
/I'dZi'iii inckiiti'zcikz.aiidii' kid ijiio(hsizi.'a Ichi (iki>-
j>iii\H\ the priest does not cause you to be sick.
h'i iiaiiazvi'iiiinii^oiiiiii luhsiiiaii !^//ii^oi\ii' chid, our
Father who is in heaven, takes care of us.
Matclii inanit6^ kazciii ki i>-a-hiiiiddJiii>ossiu'a^i>\, the
bad spirits will not ruin you.
h'azcin azviia nin liajdi^odjii^os^inan, no one will
defeat us.
Does the police-man watch us? He does not
see us. Did not thy sister watch us? She did
watch us. Will those men receive us well? They
will receive us well. Did that Indian make you
sick? No, he did not make us sick. Do our chil
dren love us and take g-ood care of us? They do
not take f,n)od care of us. Did those men "ruin
you? They did not ruin us. Did those bad bovs
fight you? They fouj^dit us but they did not de-
feat us. Do the (Tcrmans ( Oiiiakaki'zciniiiizL'a^)
love us or do they hate us? They love us, they
do not hate us. Did those women ask you to
help them? They did not ask us. That bad man
ruined us. Did not those g-irls look at you? Thev
did not look at us. Did they laugh at "us? Thev
did not laugh at me but they laughed at you.
If we do that, people will laugh at us. Thoso
women laughed at me. I do not mind them.
They do not mind you, but they mind us.
!*»iitnmarv.
triutou tc/ii ,ishi.}S7il ';•/•'"' ';'^^"- ">'^^''-
^>"»n^o. xi,s,ci /V//v./^ ;::^ ; ;,J^/;7'''f;"' ^' i»-^^a-
i4'-('M/>n/aii ,1(1 hahainaVii!,-, ":'\M' f'M/»iao. h\
j:.*--'''
^t
104-
LESSON XXVIII.
Inanimate nouns ivith possessive pronouns.
Note 1. Possessive pronouns are those which
mark possession or property; f. i., ;//;/ masindi-
<ran, my book; ossan, his (her) father. ■
Note 2. Those that iminediatelv precede a noun
are called conjunctive possessive pronouns; f. i.,
ki tchimdn, thy boat, canoe. There are six of
them, viz.: nin, my; ki or kid, thy; o, his, her,
its; plural number nin or ki, our; ki, your; o,
their.
Note 3. Those jwssessive pronouns, that are
separated by one or more words from the nouns,
to which they belong, are called relative posses-
sive pronouns; f. i., mi sa nim •' ui, nin masindi-
i(anindn, that is our (not your; .>ook. There are
also six relative possessive pronouns, viz.: nin,
mine; kin, thine; ~^vin, his, her, its; plural nuni
ber ninazvind and kinawind, our; {ninawind ex
eludes, kinazvind includes the person or persons
addressed or spoken to; kinazva, your; zvinazva,
their; f. i., zvin na o pakitdigan ow? Is that his
(her) hammer? E, zvin sa, yes, it is his.
Note 4. The letter d, is added to the personal
(resp. possessive) pronouns ;//;/, ki, o, when fol
lowed by a verb or noun beginnings zvith a vozvel:
f. i., w/;/d ikkit, I say; kiA ija, thou goest; nim\
unit, my spear. But when nin is used as a ^rla-
tive possessive pronoun, i. e., when it is separa-
ted by one or more words from the noun Id
which it belongs, or, when it is placed before a
participle; the letter d is omitted; f. i., nin igo,
nin gad-ija; nin dkkitoian, I who say.
«K'
i.:^ki:i^'^i''mih>
165
Subjective sm^n/ar Subjective plural.
Form I.
winan, winanio
wiwa, wiwan
«iwa, wiwan.
«, «an
«, wan
«, wan
A7;/ tchhmm, my canoe.
Xv tchiman, thy canoe.
r> tchiman, his; her canoe
;//« tchimuN^n, my cances.
ki tcifman^n, thy canoes.
^> /c///;«,7«an, his; her canoes.
A/« /c///w«;nnd„, our canoe.
ki tciimanxvi^^ your canoe.
« tc/iimam^^, their canoe
;;'U^'>.¥^'«««/nanin, our canoes
kt tchtmam^^n, your canoes.
^ /c/i/;w««iwan, their canoes.
nounT w1;ose^''p]^rI?^s^«,^'^r^ '"• J«^«i"^ate
n^J dish, plural .;4^';an ' '"' ''"''^ «"''^^^«.
^inan, yinanin
yiwa, yiwan
Subjective singular
iS'l^'^h^ *^^'^^^^^^^
od abdj his
?;«^;^^'i«' my lodge-poles
*:ia ab(i/m, thy
o^ «%in, his"
/• ./in
\k.
■%4
"'^ '*iir^Ui^\
I*"
S
■K.f.-
C'''?-
Su/tjcrtixc plural.
Ximi (i/iif/"u\;\u, our lodjj^i- im»K>
/vV/ ('/>(/ /iw.i, your
^'f/ (i.'xi/iwn, tin Ir
/////f/ <//'^//in;inin, our lod^i. poKs
/■/r/ r/^/'/iwau, vour
(></ <i/i,i//\\iiv, tlu-ir
Nolo «>. To /;*/•;;/ // holotiK (In- in:miin;it.
noutis. llu' |)lur;il of wlii^-li is />/, I. i., „/,/(/ anil.
niy s])oar, tiimi aiii/\\\, my s]HMrs.
Nolo 7. v\s to (lu> sul>iivti\o i>lur;il. our. vour.
thoir. both Ihriiis :iro porlivtlv ;i!iko, :is tlu* frr-
niniations aro tlu« saitU' iti holji, and in l)otli tin
terminations I)Of,Mn witli tlio same rharaclcrisli,
totly/, wliioh is /,• f. i., ///// A7/////f///inan, our ca
noo; f/f'/i,/ a/>(i/"w,\u, our lodj^-o-polo.
Noto S. Words <iosi}j:natinj,'- tlie diflVnnt parts
of the human body, and which aro mostiv all
gramat/ca/ly inaiiimato, havo ^-onoraliv tlio jht
sonal possossiyo pronoun in^^cparah/v prolix'-d I..
thom: t^. i., ;///•(///, my bono; plural,' ///Xv/z/an, m'.
l)onos. Thoy follow 'fonn I and aro ro^Lrular, o\-
copt tho followin^j;^ wIiiiMi bo^in thoir subjotivi
I)lural, our. y(uir. thoir. with tlio oharaotoristi.
vowol r/. instoad of /.
A/.svV/. my foot, i)lur. ni^iddn, ni:^id'\iiaii, our foot.
.\ /;///•, ,, arm. ,, nin/itni, ii/niiiniaii, .
.^/Xy'</, ,. lojT. ., niLadaii, )iika(i(\ua)i,
A //('i:va<;\ my oar. ,. n/tdziuii^dn, iiitd-uuii>-\naii our
.... . oar.
A/I^hf, my tooth. .. ii/h/dan, n/hidiuiaii, our tooth
Note '». .yi/,id is irro-rular in tho f/iird po-son.
which IS not iK but ::•/.• f. i.. z.ihid, his tooth.
z^ihidan, his tooth, etc.
arm
■lf.7-
I'onn HI,
.r..
^nhjrrtin' simjnli
/k\ (in
/■, on
'in:
Snhjrrtivr phnaL
... .t. -I '
pi.rr;,Ti'':;.'V;'"';,,''''/''''^''''' ■"■"-■ «■'-
Nolo 1.^. There -.n- n r- 4
"»«," belontf X; form hi 'I. f""'"'"' '""-""■
■Suh/cr/hr shi!,-,,/,,,:
A'w Ichiw.rwim, m.v ,m, canoe.
/^1»
-X..
.it A A-
fT'
K
r.
■'':i i-
".y
lf.8
/('/ tr/iimdnim, thy own canoe,
t> tchimdnim, his, her,, ,,
;//V/ tc/ii'mdnimdin, my <?7r// canoes,
Xv' tchimCinimviVi^ thy ,,
u tchimCinim'a.n^ his, her,,
Snhjccthc plural.
Xin tchhndnim\n-A.n, our ortv/ canoe.
/•/ /c/i/fiid/i/'niwa., your ,, ,,
<> tchimdnim'xwA, their ,, ,,
///;/ /c/il/iidn/nnniinm, our <>tt'w canoes.
X/ /c///;«</;//«nwHn, your ,
^> /c/ilmd>i/miwa.n, their ,
»1
1»
1»
Vocabulary,
A'i
, fipcii^/lon, (cp..fla) \
oddpindn, {zvcd . .(Hio) I take, receive, it.
zceoiudn,, 'ywaicb . .au^) I reject it, cast it a
way.
niamdii, {memoil) I take it.
d/'iton, {zcrji/od ) I make it.
(//Ion, {cjitod) I make it in a certain man-
ner.
handdjiton, {hen..od) 1 destroy, ruin, it.
bti>zi'adn, {bai^waaui*) I break it.
manddjitou, (men..od) I honor, venerate.
revere, it.
kitchihvdzL'iton, (kct..od) I honor, g-lorify,
sanctify, it.
bdpilou, ibaiapitod) I laugh at it, ridicule.
mock, it.
bdpinoddn, {b(i'ap..(inij) I laugh at it, ridi
cule, deride, it.
The religion of Jesus, Jesus od ijit-vdzuin, Jesu>
od iinamiczL'iii.
The Protestant religion, Aidngomi'^tan^ig' od a-
nami^Tvinizi'it; or, as Baraga has it bakdu
lf,9
ijihvdzvin, <lilferent religion; Baraga also has bak-
Protestants Mh.... '"1 cjiht'diljiu- for Protestants.
t-rotestants (those protesting, contradicting), a-
Catholic religion, katotik <onnni,^/t'i:^!;i^%
,,. . . . zcthvin.
^^<^'>iitigojianami^xcin, i. e
I'nxestan. religion, y«,,„«„M-™^S>r"f '"I
English religion.
EXKKCISE.
^-n;, aunid dash iia-zi'cbiuauirw- uouiiom Z/
^^'^^mnnnva dash anind lUdn iit^J^^^^tu
^^•cdapnianjr Jesus od anamihch. nLtottn7'takn
M'M^'-ond/i-ja-u'enddPosi i'/Z/nvno- k/M,^.
S '^A '^'^"P'l' ""^I'lndssizvhihn (unbelief) dd^i
ned. Oma uakakeia apdi>ito,>- k) /iS/.' ,/- ■^''
If'iiry Bums mi cji,nhisoxi;,d. ''
.yim;/jV,mssidog. mojag -.imhii !.um,zi'fml<,mo,r
>■
.'.c
,,*-:,
^^ '
•> '•
"t^
-^
i r
«... ' .-f
;5
..t:
170
matchi niiiiikwhviuhva. Ndssimuu nii' i^-^^i>r/ -va-iji-
tchigr/ani(; ndni>om i'oo uiti zvi-bouitomiu nin mi-
nikzvhvitiinau. Azvdi>zven ido}> jrti-oji'fdi>zucn (Dub.
Conj. ) i'zv os/iki-zi'(ikdii>(in? \\iii sa, iiiii if-i-i/'ito)i
tchi i-itchi oniJ/shini>-\i>air dash heklsh trlii' sou-
i^duo-. KzvizL'is^iisuiol'-.' '/uii>i'iiii>- kitchitzvazcitov- Ki-
l^ Mnnito od ijinikdsozi'iu!
I want to live a good life, but I cannot; I like
to drink; I cannot g-ive up drinking-. Thou canst
give up danking, if thou triest hard (kis/ipin a-
pitchi zcikzuatc/iifoiaii). Who broke our canoes?
Did you break them? Not we, we did not break
your canoes, it was those drunken Americans
that broke them. Thev shall suffer for it. I wil'
work to have them put in jail. Will those men
saw their wood? No, they will saw your wood.
Didst thou go to prayers this morning? No, I
did not go, I was too busy i osdm nin i^i-ouddmi-
ta) Didst thou pray whilst going ' along to
church? Yes, I prayed going along. Do not those
store-keepers break the Sunday by selling on
Sundays? Yes, they break the Sunday by selling.
The Sunday is the Christians' day. (Au'amid-iiiji-
gad, mi sa cnamiddjio- o gi/iguddinizva). Boys, let
us g'> niu! play! The weather is good; where is
our ball? Here it is! (oozc\ or o/iozv.') Throw the
ball up high. Now I am tired. Let us go home
and eat dinner. We can play again after dinner.
No, after dinner let us go and hunt, {azci-o-iossr
da).
Intekmediatk Exercise.
Note 1. Verbs in azva, dzca, (aozva),
zi'iDy are contracted thus:
azvig- is contracted into a^-
(lozi'io;, ,, ,, ^;,;^,-
cozrig\, ,, ,, fog;
czca, (Co-
^-^^J^-
> ?*^^
^Y/J'r' '■'''^''^\ ^'"* ^^"^^ this t(. „ie.
r - . 'i'tu (K) not be ii-'vi' i .. », .4. 1 ■
A.r.,„ ,„■„ ,,,-...,„„„,,,,,■;-;; v,/:;^;"-.;;- -■
,-. mn^ tl.it st..rekeei)cr (merclKint.
IH'l she promise hee t.'^'v l^" ^^;-' ^^"-Vthin,.
'"e H nice book Bov/ rl ? ' "^^"^ Promised
sometimes? Yes fhe^^vn•n""' ?''"'"'' ^^'^'l^ ^•'>"
''- not behave lohn 'V I^^ "^^''"- because wc
'"'^- ''''h"' ''"J I^eter beat thee? Yes,
;<,
, ^-f:
>^=
:^,.
-«
ii'ar.
ri4
i~-
:;f-x
~^j
-^
5^
i'-
\ *— . - ~
172
he beat me yesterday. Peter, didst thou beat
John? I beat him only a little. Did the teacher
teach you anything? Yes, he taught us many
things. Did not the Lord die for you? Yes, He
died for us all. Did those women tell you any-
thing? They told us very many things.
Names of objects, tools, etc.
Sword, ajazudshJi.
Dagger, a/auushkons.
Knife, indkoman.
Pocket-knife, mokomdncns.
Table-fork, pattikdi^an.
Hay- fork, patakashkdigan.
Spittoon, sikd-wini-inakdk.
Leather, pashkwd^in.
Leather-coat, pashkwiginohabisika'judgan.
Leather-manufactory, assekdwigamw.
Leather string for snowsheos, dshkimaneiab.
Narrow leather- string, bishdganab.
Lead, ashklkoman.
Lead-mine, ashklkomdnikan.
Iron, biivabik.
Copper, osawdbik, miskzvabik.
Silver, jdniia.
Gold, osdwa-joniia.
Grease, fat, oil, biniiiU.
Fishing-hook, migiskan.
Fish-line, miglskandiab.
Fishing-ground, pagidawiivin.
Fishing- pole, ■wezvihandbanak.
Fish -net, assdb.
Fish-oil, gigo-bimidd.
Fish -store, eiedzvigomig.
Flag-staff, kikiwiondtig.
Torch, ■wdsswdgan.
Torch-stick, wdsszvdganak, .
Tin, wabdbik.
.Ji
>-
'-**',
173
Tin-kettle, uabdhikwakik.
lobacco, asshiui.
Tobacco-pouch, klshkibiUlgan.
Gun, pas/ikisiuan.
Cannon, kitchi-pashkhii^an.
1 rigger of a gun, naisammiian.
Uun-cap, bnvhsidjiiran.
Gun-smith, W,//i/V./,//M,./,;/;;/.
rST;"' ^^'\^r-mill, hissihodji^ntn.
Grind-stone, jifixuandbik. *
Hammer, pakit^ii^an.
Nail, sandigan.
Shingle-nail, sa^rdi^ans.
Spike, /v/r/// sagdiiran.
Screw, bamisku'a,)>dde}>- satrdiirau.
Screw-driver, /./;;//:s/.-u5,o„J. '''
Weighing-scale, dibabishkodjigdn, dibabddii^an
Scraper, ;;/«^rf;;^,,,,, ua/iird,Lfn. ' '''^^''^''^^'<^««-
Scissors, vioju'Cigan. "
Tongs, tak-vdmJjiiran.
LESSON XXIX.
-l///>«.//^ ;/^./«5 -^///, /,,55m/zr pronouns.
Form I.
Subjective Singular, Subjective Plural.
k, og
f' og-
Xon, on
onan, onan/j^/-
owa, owa^^
owan, owan.
Ta^^
^:55(
r" !
!/,
!•_»
^iiHTi*
t. « ^,
•*H f tp«'
'V
•1
4 T-
Stt/tjcrtiic Siiiiiniar.
X/ui/ iikii\
kid (d/k.
^■/</ (lkiko\r
Snhjcrtiic l^litral
Xiiitf t/Xv'/onan
kiii iikii*.>\\;\
od iik//:n\vdn
niud f/Xv'/onanijj;'
kid fz/v'/owajf
od (tk/knW'un.
Note 1. To /onu I l).'l()n<j^ all animate ni)uns,
which have oi:; in the phiral.
Note 2. The characteristic vowel of this first
form is <;, to which the terminations are added.
Note 3. Animate nouns, which have iy; in the
plural, have the characteristic vowel /, to which
the usual terminaticms are added.
Note 4. Xidj auishindhc, my fellow-man, ha>;
e for its characteristic vowel. Xid/'i hiiiiddisi, mv
fellow-liver, my fellow-man has / "for its charac
teristic vowel. Both have zvid/ resj). zcid/i in the
third pers(m, sin^fular and plural, instead of od
resp. o. The terminations are regular.
Auimatc nouns -with "posscssiz'c terminations.'^
Note 5. Animate nouns with possessive pro-
ntmns take almost al-^ays the possessive termina
ti<ms m, im, om; f. i., ovinia, chief; nind o^i-
mdm, my chief.
Rule I. Animate nouns endinjj^ in a vowol.
take the possessi\e termination ;//, f. i., oi>im(U-
zve, queen; ni^id vormdkzvem, my queen.
Rule II. Animate nouns, which form their
plural by adding a^; i<>\ iao- take the possessive
terminaticm im: f. i., opin, pi. opini^, nind opin-
im.
Rule III. Animate nouns, which form their
4,:^lii-^'^
-'"'^:''.,'.jjy
^:'j3!fy.
W^A'^^^^rk:; -^i^^^^i': ■■• ' " ■- v*^^*?!^ ^
hits, n/n ,,.-!/.' ••i.'iMi, j)i., ;rr/w.%<>ir, rah-
nils, ;//// uafiosom, mv rahh t. J;/^,//,,- •. st^r- ,
'''"n^A'-^^H, nhut anaui^um, mv star '^' ' ''''
:v>-T!./T.kr;r' ""^'r'^''"' ^-'"^-^ tornunatc in a
^('Uf/. take ///, acoordin^r t,, i^i,i^. j. ,• • , '
woman (,,I. //.:..Va^., 4,/ ,/.";;„;• '• '" '^•''^' «
/'rvv;/ //.
Subjecl-vc Sn,ir„lar (,;/,, //,,, /,/,^ /,^^j
■\nH{ o^^hnam. nhU oj>/,na,,^^r, „n- chief, n,y
•*'""'"'■'"' '^'^' '<;'V///^//;/an, his. her, chief, his,
her chiefs.
Sn6jrr//zr P/nra/ (our, your, their),
•^nui o^irnmim\n,m, nimi oi>imdmimiui}.-; „ur chief.
kid ooinuim'wv^ I-;,/ • - • ""'* ^'^iefs.
.^/w./;;/uva, Aut o<;imam\^n^, your chief,
(xi <)<>iniiiin\yxrury 1 ■ . . voiir chiefs.
'■-""'""^'^'^^^ od (>ii;wdwnvan, their chief,
\<)tP I ^u u • *'^^'''" ^"hiefs.'
Aote (, The character St c vowel nf -.n,,«.*
EmmmM
thev areTeLnilar- f i • '"'^^^''^ '""'^ oj^innim;
, tre regular, f. i., uin^i^nn'ssvar, mv sons; o^-
\
-*^
r
:^?R^
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
1^
156
1 3.2
■ 4.0
Z2
i.8
^ APPLIED IIVMGE
1653 Eost Main Street
Rochester, New Yorl 14609 W^A
(716) 482 - 0300 - Phone
(716) 288- 5989 - Fa»
(
Is:-*
■.•'V 1 -^
,a.! t t-'l
■■-*>■
1 >. - a
176 —
-ufissau, his, her son (or sons) niuozuiss\n2in, our
son; /vV'rf/i^iwag-, your sons, etc.
Note 9. Xinga, my mother, is somewhat irre-
gular:
Ninga, my mother.
kiga, thy "
o^ in, his, her ,,
w/w^aiag-, my mothers
/vVaiag, thy
o^in,^ his, her
n/nga.na.n, our mother.
h'giwa, your
oj^iwan, their ,,
///w^nanig, our mothers.
h'giwa.g, your
ogiwan, their ,,
Note 10. Terms, designating relatives, ending
in e, are also somewhat irregular.
Alssaid, my older brother.
kissaid, thy ,, ,,
ossaidxdin, his, her older brother.
nissaidiag, my older brothers.
/r/55«/Viag, thy ,,
ossa{(fisin, his, her older brothers.
nissaiena-ti, our older brother,
kissaiewa, your ,, ,,
055rt/ewan, their ,, ,,
w/55«/enanig, our older brothers.
kissaiewa.g your ,, ,,
ossaieiwan, their ,, ,,
Note 11. Thus are inflected:
Nimishome, my paternal uncle, (father's brother).
nijishc, my maternal uncle, (mother's brother),
ninosM, my maternal aunt,
nimissi, my older sister,
nishime, my younger sister, or brother
t^^'-'fX %^v'
,>•••• - : r'
^>"^. my sister-fn-Ja^.W)r m
. . . ^nerci, g^race.
f'i-niudia tin l.<. ■ ,
f '-^
-c^A ^
M^ ^ J- I
*^k .-Jr.
^^■4 ■*
i
"k
<7;/(^V anami^zci^^dmigoug, tchi mlnigoian (that
thou may est be* ^\\<tx\)^jau'endj}ghvin nioJiii> tchi
kitchi :^zvai(ik himddisiian bi'nish^ igo tchi niboian.
Migw'etch ! Kitchi miozvetch! Anin emnwkizL'aci
/cissaiciag? Babd-g iossdivog.
When will thy uncle come here? He will come
here day after to-morrow. Is thy maternal aunt
sick? Yes, she is very sick, she 'has colic. Didst
thou make already thy first Communion? I have
not made it yet;' I will make it next Sunday.
Are thy grandfather's potatoes rotten? They are
not rotten. Does he want to sell his potatoes?
He will not sell them. Where can I buy pota-
toes? There are potatoes at my uncle's store.
Did thy brother get married last Tuesday? No,
he got" married last Monday. Where are the new-
ly married going to live? They are going to live
at Grand Portage {Kitchi On/gcimi>ig). I hope
they may always be happy.
InTEK MEDIATE ExERCISE.
Perhaps we jpfnddog
, , 3'ou .... mwddog
,, they ... .TV idog^nag, dogcuag.
Mar\ i>i-dapinddog nibikang, perhaps Mary died
in the water, drowned.
(wi-dai(zuishiuodogenog' kinigiigog, perhaps thy
parents have arrived.
Matchi inindamodoginag igizv kwiwisdnsag, per
haps those boys think evil.
Ozu kid ikkitomzc'ddog, perhaps you say that.
Kijczuddisizfidoghiag ogoxu iniuizvag, perhaps
those men are kind, charitable.
Kazvin dnimisissizvidoir^nag animoshag, perhaps
the dogs do not suffer.
Kazvin ki kitchi kotdgitossimwddog, perhaps you
do not suffer much.
M'f.- P«-rnaps the jrirls
^'^nn^u.'iud da,h (but we) kazch.'^P''"'^ to-mcrrow.
W.^-. but we. ^^.r^'t^^{^^l^-<V<i^snni.
^'oods) ^,vV.///;,J^j;/f '^f^^'r ^somewhere in the
-^'^{ir nmhijYwhsao- iw / -^ '^ ' M^'i'<i gi-onisM-a-
Thc.u art perhaps rich J^Y^ ''^'*^'-
man ,.ets uji and^that' one " ts T '^""^- '^'^^t
we do not walk straiUT - I "'"• Perhaps
died last niirht xC iT ^i^^ perhaps thy fathir
children are' sJiu'^sl'e.pinl:" T T P"*--?' thv
?leep, thev have rk^n *?' ^*"' ""='' are not a
J.%;; Perhaps .hi "^^Th .n^^'l^ol'-Ji. "" -'"
too fast. That boy wafc .1 ' ,^"^ '^^^^ not walk
^valk slowly to-day? Xo we n- ?^^ ^«" P^^hapt
^^- s are perhaps yery h„n ^^^ ''^'y fast. The
hungry. Does ?hat J-og'bu!? ^"' '^^-^' ^'-^ "ot
^mcers, /./.,,,,,^.^^^^/ ^^•-^^
^- ^^
'?" "'♦I't'^
— 180
Hatchet, zL'dgd/czciuhiis.
Tomahawk, ^zfai>(lhva(/o>is.
Boy's toy (plaything), /ozfifii-vii.
Trunk, makdk.
Turkey, misisse.
Hen, pakadkzve.
Goose, zvi-u.-^
Duck, jishib.
Cat, gcijagcns.
Dog, animosh.
Young dog, anhnom.
My clog, uindai, uindai^ns.
Dropsy, missidjizi'iu.
Colic, ' akoshkadhvin.
Cramps, otchitinii^ozuin.
Measles, uiiskzi'aj^zvin.
Small pox, inamakisizvin.
Headache, dczvikzv^win.
Toothache, dczvahidczvin.
Bellyache, akoshkaddzvin.
Ice, mikzvam.
Snow, gon.
Water," ;//<^/.
Hail, scssdgan.
Rain, gimizvan.
Rain-water, gimizvaiiaho.
Snow-water, ^ondho.
Hand-saw, kis/ikibodjigan.
Rip-saw , tashkibodjigu u .
Hay, mashkossizvan.
Barn, mashkdssizi'i'gam{if.
Hay-making, masTikossikizvin.
Horn, hhkan, eshkdni^an.
Hospital, dkosizvigamtg.
Dru g-store, mashkikiwigani ig.
Medicine, mashkiki.
Indian-agent, ■wisliinabvogimd.
Indian-corn, manddmin {pi. mandanunag) .
5-V
C'iM
181
Corn-soup, mamhlmi,uiho.
^^'ak, ni/fiuojiii/.
White oak, m/s/iini/i.
Map e-tree, Z///;,,//'/^..
Alaple-svrup, //:,.,/^;,,;,,,^..,•
Bdsswood-hark, 7.7W/;. -^'
Pine, ji,ii>'u'cU'.
Spruce, //;/i>-J/J.
>"^/>vX--v; stand up, ^et up
.,*•'..
y.
\:'>^
LESSON XX C.
tnimfonned into verbs.
no^t bmh^lTS^n'cn" ^""^^^^^^^ - ^^-th,
<Iecl by possessTvrpronSun \Tf' '' 7^^" I^''^^'^-
verbs of the imperfect ten';. T ^'^"^^'^^n^fl into
'^'''A my former canoe ,!'' ■) ■^" ''''' tchimiuii-
father. ^''"''''' ''^'^^^'''^^''^ my deceased
-1- Jnanhnate nouns.
'"»m. This is he ieae™rrurr' ",',"• '''''"■""''"-
-- wi.h possossife";s!.„t:/";a„l'rj -^t
■ 4 «
«5';rr'' ^<1 >i.
--^^
•r'^'^ii
:S
-182-
Suhjcctivc siui^uhir.
Xin tchimanibav, my former canoe,
///;/ tchlmunibainn, ,, ,, canoes,
ki trhlmanihan, thy former canoe,
ki tchimCiiiibainn,,, ,, canoes,
o tchhnauiban, his former canoe,
o tchimCniibatnn,,, ,, cattoes.
Subjccthc plural.
nin' tchimCinimiban, our former canoe,
;//;/ trhhnduiucibainn,,, ,, canoes,
ki tchimanhvdbau, your former canoe,
ki tchimdni-udbainn,,, ,, canoes,
o tchhndnixvdiiuu their former canoe,
o tchimdniwd-Hin'm, ,, ,, canoes.
Note 3. To transform such nouns into verbs,
add to the characteristic vowels, </, e, /, 0, the
above termiuations, viz., Subj. sing., bau, ban,
ban, banin, banin, ban'm. Subj. plural maban, 1-
zcaban, izuaban, inabanin, hvaban'in, ixvabau'xn.
B. Aniuiaic nouns.
Subjective sini>;ular.
Nind akikoban, my former kettle,
nind akikobanx^ ,,' ,, kettles,
kid akikoban, thy former kettle,
kid akikdban'xg,,, ,, kettles,
od akikdbanm, his former kettle,
od akikdbanxn, ,, ,, kettles.
Subjective plural.
uVind akikondban, our former kettle,
nind akikondbc n'x^„, ,, kettles,
kid akikozt'dban, your former kettle,
kid akikozt'dban'xg, .. ,, kettlee
od akikozvdban'xn, theu- ,, kettle.
18,1
/^r^;^in, their formed kettle, or kettles' '
the^'lettel-' ]Vtlf^T'' "^^ ^^^'^^^^^^' "mother, etc.,
then the oh:rre''rr'T''"''^'-^'"^^^' *" ^'^'"^
deceased mother, etc! ' ^''^''^''^^'''"^ J^^r
relath^sl^r'^othls^P^Sf the. '""^^^^^^ ^^^^^^'
Exercise.
'libo htchi nvLrJon//' G^;n^i^nf' ^'"^"J''
coni). A... sa-^ii^/is^d^irt^:;:^^
w
***,
. — <
At
X-
H _ r
4U
•»«1 r
':b».^^
'\*v»
M.
•^?:^7
"V\ ,
^^4
^Q
184- -
II in zcdkai^aiiihtiii. 'W't'Ji i>-i-(U>ru'a^- iiind ,iss(i/i//>ti-
iiiii: ,h'o$h'iian-oh(iiu)r hio/tf^si- <> i>/-(i/>funiu>ii(iufiii
h'iji^'Miiuitoii: <,'-.rA*' -khnnvnid mojuo iipciiimodit.
y iHhiii (x/ oii^d/(hi/s.-^ iifHii k'hika u>i\ xWXv/ > ^i-
iiilnhiiiii tihikonii; ^i-tcfH'^hoiifii. ■ Kr nniimiilniii iia
(> i>i.-(>/r/(>ii hi' \ii/fihtn.' ■^uiani^t!, 'ciii o ^i-o/iton,
nil) pijpdihaii dafh o i^i-ii^itmi izn tr/uiiuhi.
Wt>ro thv- dccc^asc'd parents rich, «)r won' tlitiv
iK>orV Mv (leceaso'd i^iotlier was onoc vcry ricli.
hut niy (ieceased' father "was sick a \or\\r titnc and
s(» l\c 'spent \o ^i-hamuyiaii ) all our nioti v (Xv/-
kiud vm ■joiiiiiiiiiiiuilHthiii > heiore he diwl, and
now we lire verY -poor. IVus thy deveased ()lder
sister a stronjif C'nri'stian?-My deecasod sister was
aJ/wavs ft stnmg:^ 'Christian* slie prayed every
nu)t:iainjf and evenin^g- and went to h(dy M.' ss
evuty Sunday -aiid' holyda/. Did your potdtoes
rotten last stinlnier? 'Our potatoes did not rotten,
but many of our e^r^^s got rotten. - ■
■'■'■' iNTEKMEpi.\'tk •ExkkCi.s'kV ., :
If I perhaps ... .rmmv/
,, thou ,, ■ .. . ^"J.'iineu
,, he' ■,;*' ,>v ^^lijflc^Ai- :
,, we ,, zi-an^rn
,, you .zvi'iizt'en
., thev ,, . :\.'zV(h-:crn
SSIZi'dllOl
ss/uu/iicii
• > ssii(zv€ii
iski'dii^ti}
s.<izi'i\^z<.'fii
ssrwdi'Zi.'rii.
Note 1. The t'errtittatlons rff "tb« negative form
are like those of " the affirmative with >>/ before
said tci'ttjinations: The Muhitative form is much
used in the subjunctive?^ mVxKV after certain words:
f. i., '-tihihioiy, I dtm't knmv where;, dnlogzv-c^iu
mimividj r- doA^ ;knoSy; rm-^'W^o/, I Aoti't know
who, w;hoeyer. ' ■ ,' ' ■ .. ■, r . . \
'-Eiidos^zoen- ' keniBl "'iiietchr''^)izi)^zvaucM, I do^'t
know. whether" thou/s^eakes't yet ^ bad words. ,,
li: ^r
'^}'f>''<fi>iiMti-ijtrwt'iiiZi-('n /./ii/nU^oo: I ,i,,n't know
whilluT thy ]):in'nts vvi-nt.
XunuiudJ _<it'(i-iihUi>nii>rz.',iu :..,•;/ iiii oniuu'niiina-
iin^\ I don't know what < ir .-liiofs^wir!' ordain.
whoever (lies badly will sutler iVr ev'er! '
(^\-ii-/i-kii6zi'(i II m II . /;/ / i;r-(/t'>(/(/m,>zi!iti/, w h a te vcr
we say, that ihev will do.
I (:(.n't know what I shall sav. I dc.n't know
where to <r,, noi what to do. I don'f know where
my parents may he. If thou rt jx^rhaps not a-
Iraul. fr„ to the store now. If you >ihould happen
to behave badly in church, you will Tie put' out
U-i ^i:(/-,<riiif(//n/ooiii.) Whoever did n-ot w'Ork, w'll
tfet no pay. ''
/'//(" liuuiaii l)Oii\.
My l)ody, iiiiiizc. '' ■' ' '•''
,, soul, niu /chitchiio. ' ■
,, flesh, iiiiiisa
,, hiind, uniiinlj.
,, rij^dit h:,nd, "////.' k/'/r/iinfini/.
'« It-'ft ,, ;//// namdiidiiiihidi.
,, other ,, nin iiabaiiciiindf, '
,, foot, iiisid. ' t'ifij
,, right f(H,^ iiin kifcliis^hL ' y "' ■• ■'
,, left foot, ;//;/ naiiuiiidji<.id. '" ' "
,, other foot. ;//;/ iiah(in\\<id,
,, toe, 11 in biiuikzL'i'niisid.
., big- toe, ;//;/ kitchisidtin. " '
,, head, iifs/tti^zjaii.
In compositions iiidib, •'(•Z'.rii allude :t'(V the"' head;
f. i., ;//// bagiiid,,>c, my h6ad is swollen; I
n^ove my he; d, ;//// mtimlUukzvcu.
My mouth, ntiidon.
,, forehead, ;;/;/ kjtii:z^'an.
. .*•• (
\.\
A", U
WW.
•:,
5!
-'^*; **
.^■'4^
■l
Sr^ 5
■18«.-
,^
v.;
V V
i:l
My eve, nn/iihiji^.
,, rijrht eye, ///;/ l/ir/asA/l:/n'i!>:
,, left eye, ///// H(i>ii<hu/Jis/l:/nJ/^,
M evehrow, niimhitti.
,, laee, iiis/ikinjiir. In compositions: /niiwc is
>fener:illy used, f. i., I have a black face.
My chin, iiindtimiiaii.
, cheek, ni'Uthv.
,, rij^'ht cheek, w// kitchiuoz<:.
,, left cheek, ;//// luimdiuijinozi'.
,, ear, iii/dzcu^.
,, nose, nindiihi/.
,, arm, nitii'k.
,, elbow, ;//;/ bimluik.
,, breast, ///;; kdkiiiaii.
., breast (woman's), ;//// a;^>7/, ;;/« lot6slumiti(
(my breasts V
,, bone, nikiin.
,, leg', iiikdit.
,, knee, nini>niii^.
,, neck, nikzccii^ini.
,, throat, ;//;/ i>oiuii'n>(Hi.
windpipe, ;/'/;/ ^i>^dlnlas/ikzi.i'i.
hair, niit/siss; pi. niiiisissan.
back. ///;/ pii-wdn.
tongue, ///« lUmmizv.
palate, niuay;dsk.
belly, nimissad.
rib, uipii>riran.
., arm-pit, }iinhii>zvi.
,, skin, iiniiitiraai.
,, hip, niudgan.
,, thigh, ;//;/ tdUnozviin.
The bone of my thigh, ///;/ trhin^tvdnig;an.
t »
»»
« »
'^>"'..ir'«:^.
■187-
LKSSOX XXXI.
As we haw spoken sufficiontlv ahoui i)cr..on:il
and jMisscssive pnmouns. wc shall treat here nf
1, Dnmtnsliitiic, 2, /iihnoiiiitiit\ and 3, Jndrfi-
uite Pronouns.
I. Dkmonstativi-: FKoNorN.«.
Demonstrative pronouns are those that indkate
or point out the person^ r thing's spoken ot.
J. /fanoiistrath'c pronouns /or animate objects.
J'or persons or t/iiujjs itear:
Sinjrular: Azi.\ zcadzc, mfihani, this, tnis one, this
111 1 y> . ■ hx^Vi^.
1 lural: ()i>-(ru' nidni/i^; these, these here.
/'or persons or objects liistant.
Singular: A-u\ that, that one, that one there.
IMural: /i>7Zi', tho e, those there, {a^i>izf)
For Second-third Person: inizc, (unizc).
F. 1., A-u' abinodji, (that, this child; nibzvaki.,
a~u' dash /n'/ii^- 'wcdi i>ii^ibddisi.
<) minncinan iniw uuinishtdnfs/ian, he 'j,nVes ( do-
nates) those sheep.
Mabani pakz^^'jinan (this bread) minopouvsi
... . (tastes jTood. )
Matniii ooinuisr (these chiefs) mif-ddiziinin^- ta-
,j . . . i/dzcai>:
Oi>ozi' ininizL'og nishkddisizva<>, 'hese men are a'n-
irrv.
<hi apcnimondzcan iniw iuinizcan, they hope In
... those men.
Azv ikzccsens od ijdnan iniw ikzc&wan, that g-irl
goes to that voraan.
l! •!
.-..««i^yf
.:-f-r.»W^ .\
■'^\
....J
^;fr4' f^'-
-'V*^
-ISS-
/y. Dcmonstnith'c Proiioitns Jor imiuimatc objects.
hor objects near.
Singular (he, niCindan, this, this here.
Plural <))i6zc, inhc, these, these here.
For objects distant.
Singular: /rt-, that, that there.
Plural: InhL\ those, those there.
F. i., Nin sd^iton oxc niasindigan i>'a/e ozc ojibii-
i^an, I like this book and this writing.
J// iiidndan nin makdk, this is my box.
Xin nianddjiton nidndaii a)uiniiezi.'ii>dniig^, I honor
this church.
Xin minotdnan inizv )ui<>ani6nan, I like to hear
those songs.
Am migizvcnan onozo nias/na/oanaji, I give these
books.
II. Intekkooative Pkoxouns.
.1. /nterroi>atizc pronouns Jor animate objects.
Singular: Azi'cnen? who? which?
Plural: Azvcn^nag? who? which?
Second-third Person, AzvaUnan? whom?
B. The interrogative pronouns, azccnen, azccnc-
iiai>; are followed by particifles; f. i., Azccn^noi!;
iirizv nci>-ani()djii>? who are those that sing?
B. Interrogative pronouns for inanimate objects.
Wcgoncn? Anin? what? f. i. Wegonen izv ckki-
toiegf what are 3-ou saying? Anin ged-ijitchige-
idnf What am I to do? what shall I do?
III. Indefinite Pkoxouns.
Indefinite pronouns are those which denote
persons or things indefinitely.
A. Indcjinitc pronouns J'or animate objects.
Azuiia, one, someone, somebody, anybody.
18<i
luKi^'Di ii-u'iich or, kit inciia, none, or no one, no-
body, no person.
Azvcgzvcu, plural azvcgzcniao; whoever, whoso-
ever, I don't know who. 2d 3d Person.
AzL'cgz.'^nan, I, we, don't know whom.
B. ludejinitc pronoun for iuauimutc objects.
Ue^o/oozi'Cfi, whatever, whatsoever, all, I don't
know what.
Note. If a person is asked: Azjcticn inc? who
is that person? or mvcnhvoii; ogoi^' {iirizc)? who
are these, those, persons?' and if he does not
know, he will have to answer: cnvcgzvcu; for the
plural: (nvcozcciuio- which both si'g-nifv: I don't
know who; f. i. Azvcncn azc /HuidssoiiiosšecL^ Azcc^-
xvcii. Who is that person coming- this wav? I
don't know.
Azcendnag io-jzo u^e-nuidjddjig zvabani>? Azv^i(zi'C-
inio; Who are those that will leave' (start) to-
morrow? I don't know.
Azvcncnan ga-innvcnimddjin uiniis/idiiic? AzJCi^-
-u'^tiiui. Whom did my uncle rei)rimand? I don't
know.
EXEKCISE.
Azv iya-nuidjad iniiii o kikiiiodviai^oi andich ki-
i'Ciiddsso-u'iii. ]\t'ooncu /zf kckinoauHU^ed? O k/kiiio-
iimdi>rii SCI ai>;iudji<>;iidizviu gaic )iiasi>id/<>(ui tchi
(li^indamhiii (to read) gaic tchi o/'/b/igaio; ga/c
tchi nagiwung: Wci^oucu dash kcki/nxnndgcd' azv
kikinoamagckzcc? Win o kikiuoanidgcn masindigan
gate tchihakzvhviu gaic gashkii^zcdssozfin g'ciic aji-
gauikczi'iu g'aic kisisibigaigczvin g'aie /oshkzi.'aigai-
grzviii. Gcget kitchi onijishiti izc k'ckiiioavidgcd
(what she teaches is very good). Azccn^nag- ma-
iadjddjig-? AzvigZi.'dnag. Azvcgzucn baidpigzccn ana-
miczL'ig-dmigong, grget matclii ijitchigx. \\zi.-cnaui//
cfcnimozvad oi>vzi' anishindbcp- c}iajnidssii>VQ? Azv<^-
;i5 "^
/^-
--!>.
190
gzvciKHi. Azvdgzi'hiai^ ov-(f(rY>/nc-V(iozvc>i nibikaui:;
(izciissondno? Azi'('i>zc'('n(i^\ Azvdii^nan oa-Zxis/iciti/c-
Zi'ddj'/ii kiii'ii? ly/s/i/fna'd/i kiiu-wis^nsiui o gibasfuni-
jhviin. Auin ga-matchi-dodano- kishimc? W^gotog
zccn: miikija o gi-i^imiHiin gi^o-o. Wfgotogzveii ged-
ijitchigczi'dgzx.'cn igizu itii'nizi'agy ap(^g/s/i miiio iji-
tc/u'ohi'dd. Auin zva-ijltchigcd azi' ikzvc? W^gotoii^-
zi'Cii; gduahdtch ta-ija andmicnig. Azv^jjzvcii zcczci/-
kdiga)iid ow? Azi'dgzeen zc'ezv(ikd/gci//ii>zvcn. (I
don't know whose house it may be. ) A7;/ na ki
g 1-7)1} oizL'hiag igizv pakzcc/igdusao-? Kazvin niu,
nin gi-mlgizv^ssntag; azvigzvcn iciog ga-j/iigizi'<^g-
Zl'Cll.
Didst thou donate those nice books? Yes, I
g-ave them. Who broug-ht wood to burn in the
church {azL'^gzvcn ga-hhiogzvcn missan tchi hbda-
zi'cng (u/(ini/dzi'igduiigoiig). I don't know. When
are those hunters going to go hunting? I don't
know. Who went to that sick man? I don't
know; perhaps the priest went. Is he very sick?
I don't know {(^ndogzi'eu). Did some children get
burnt? I don't know. Wilt thou go to the store?
I don't know. Perhaps I will go this afternoon,
if I am not too busy {kis/ip/n osdm ondamitdssi-
zcdn.) Who made those canoes? I don't know.
Who lives over there in that house? How many
men will come to eat dinner at our house? (Ati/'i/
enddihizvad igizv inlnizvag gc-hi-zvissinidjig endai-
dug?) There will be only two to eat at your
house. {ta-iijjizvag eta ge-zvissinidjig cudaicg.)
Intekmediate Exekcise.
Pluperfect tense,
I had perhaps. . . .gi- . . . .zvdnibdn
thou hadts,, . . . .gi-. . . .wamban
he
we
ininazvind^ . .
.goban
. zvdns^iban
101
we {kinazuind) . . .^-i- .... zt'cin^ohaii
you had perhaps,!,'/-. .. .ttr^'v^/^^?;/
they ,1 ,, . . . .^/- . . . .i-xi'iibau.
Note. The imperfect tense is formed bv simply
omitting ^/-.
Mino^ijig jnino oohnazi'fi>ohan, Af/o/sins dash
kazviu n'lino oo-i7n(izL>issit^dl)(i}i, Afinogi/i^- was a
good chief, but Migisins was not a good chief.
X6ssii>oh(m (my deceased father whom I never
saw) i>i-min6-ininhvig6han gaie ningdigohcm gi-
mino-ikzi'^wigohau. My. deceased father was' a
good man and my deceased mother was a good
woman.
Nihhva anishindbcg kazvin (UHnnidssigzvdhan,
many Indians did not pray, i. e., were not Chris-
tians.
Gi-niddjazvdmyoban, we had perhaps started to
go awa}'.
h'i i>i-zuissinimzvddog ninazvind dash kazvin niu
ni-miiio-zvissinissi'min.
Batainogzvdban anishindbcg omd minissing,
there used to be many Indians here on the is-
land.
M&x'ija oma aiagzvdban iret^-anishiudbeg ; kazvin
anamidssigzvdbani inidhv'io-wdban, formerly the
ancient Indians were here; they were not Chris-
tians; they practiced the "Midewiwin."
Adam lived very long; all the people before
the flood (yb-jja moshkaang aki) lived verv long;
they were old igikd). Perhaps I had come. Josu-
ah was very valiant {sdngid<!e). Wabojig was a
very sfood chief; he was very liberal and valiant;
he killed many Sioux. Kekek was industrious.
My ancestors lived on this island {nossigobanig.)
George Washington was a good man; he never
told a lie. There were many men and women in
r^t^
>.>-•
Vh2*^ ..
Church. Thoro wore not-jnany chiWron at school-
Many nicn,' Women, and clfiiUlr*;n'j dieU.. J came
and I socm left. Thou didst not do wel^, ,(as peo-
ple say). Juru'in .mjiw (i(\ii(,upizfam/)an). Thev
foui»-ht veir^- hard," • .,
Familiar fiiwasks to i-.3.gu,iATK C9;svkkšati()x.
Azcinfn inc? Wcgouim (ni'?- Wt[<t\)iien? Aaiu cji-
'i-cbaki Aiiit^. (.iii'^'('fiiiiift.k? (Whaf is the news? )
Aniii cjinikihoiin? Aiiin ejihWthoii (rwiuhji, ikzci\
kxvhiu.sc)j,s, ikzci^si'Hs, ahinodji/ An in cjmihiiiei:; inc?
Ani,u cjiuikasod inv? Anhi. ei'kthUitn^ Auiu? U?-
iomcio-iik izi'f hi (iii-ii(i!^zccdjiiii/oo na? Wcuv-
-^'u-i^cigzcci(j/nu'Hi.n?^\\ru'Cjic »nui cndud? Azcc-
ozv zi'czi'aka/'^anid {zirzi/o-hcdinni)? Azcaien
ncn zc
noi
ouozf zcc]ii(isnia/i>cmii(/ Uc^oi/rn i>rdddai//(ni^/ Ki
kilihidimnm- itv? ■ /u mh/dazc^'/mrf^ Ki 'ni^ši/o/dzc
ina? Ki mikzvcndCin ina? Ki kikhiim imit' Azvaicn
)icnd<iU'dbuui(id? Wci^vncu ucudazciilnindaman? \Vc-
i^vmu ga-z^-u-iiilSuiii^. ]V^(y-onc^ zccndji-iiakzLctunsi-
zcan? Kii na ki da-nii/isssi ( g-ive nie), iiinddissi,
send im:, didci-^vsš/, hrm^ me', (ni'nssi tlend me)?
Azi'/-j/('idin; azvi-ndj. iicgrt^'dcbzcczi'ijiagaxi. Xin
dchzvi;^. dchzvctazuisniH, Kinvin azi.'diisiuon: ki ;>/-
zcanim goshi. Ikkihnršit.Vkdki7ui ikkitozcaa;. Xind
(l^'mi-y{4»'>' ' .k(i--!.'i>i nin dchzL'clausin., ^^[nis/td dibdd-
jini^Qnii] ki^^ddHze€hini>-(n>. AnisJui kid ikkit tclii
hCipiian. hi drfrd'clon: Juruiin: ki 'dckvctoi^^iuou. Ki
dchzvC; 'k^ncin k)' dchzci^ssi. K^niud ikkii. Kazcin,
nind, ikkit. Wcironcn 'dtuh kin- 6kkitqiar\l Kazcin
"(''.^^A' ^T'^'}H,^'f,g*^- Ki ^A-i(iwint/inigf. /^ci>o pd-
higc dcMvct(izL'dl''ai hcmddisJdy'ig: Atv'eiien, ga-dibdd-
jinwt6k?Xind incndam tchi dodamCin; nin zvl-do-
dani. Xin niinzccudam tchi ijizvchak iz^' ; nin min-
-193-
-t,ilrh,/„ J *""'"''"«.!;•"/ uM lUilosii. X„.
:k',-
■--; ;:C'
LESSON XXXII.
Verbs eudin^- in am, //. Conju^xUhu.
moods, tenses and participles fjv?*/L ,t , l"
ccUh'c ,„oo<l, affirmative add'neta^Ce forms '''"
shaU now ,ive f„,i paradigms rtt/sird'cor
«, to which the termiuations are added.
Subjunctive Mood.
Present. Pluperfect.
mdniban
mamban
ngiban
niangiban
megoban
mowapan
niin^iban
mintpan
Indicative Mood
Present tense,
m
m
m
miu
m
mag
m (Imij. )
inozvan (2-3P.)
Imperfect,
nalnin
naban
moban
niinaban
nizvaban
moban ig
mobanin
Pa?-ticip/es
Present,
man J yndmban
man
man
ng
mang
meg
mozvad
m i nil-
mini d
Imperat.
Imperfect.
I
W- ^^^
n
V"
a'^T'
.1«>J
iniiinhan
ni(iban
indngihan
mei(oban
n^ibanig
mingihan
minipauin j
iida
mail
mCiug
IHCii
ining
minidjin
Paradigm. Indicative A food.
Present tense.
Nind in<!ndam, I think
kid indnddm, thou thinkest
indndam, he, she thinks
nind indnddmin, we think
Jtid indndam, you, ,,
indndamog, they,,,
indnddm, one thinks
indndamowain, his (f. i. son) thinks.
Imperfect tense.
Xind indndan-kh-Jin, I thought
hd indndaniban, thou thoughtst
in(hidam6bsin, he thought
nind indnddminAhiin, we, ,,
lid indndam-wiba.n, you, ,,
indndamoba-mg, they, ,,
/«(f/^./rtm6banin, his, (f. i. son) thought.
Xin nandoatauMdam. {naian-ang) I "^^^^j^^J*^'
Nandiratazvdndamowin, {in. p/. (in) medita
•^ tion, reflection.
^ ani/itam, {en.-ung) I abandon, give up,
^ J ' " discontinue.
„ segdndam, {saieg. .ang) I fear, I am afraid.
Scgdndamozvin, {in.) fear, dread.
4.
T-kf,
-195-
Xiii seii'i^, {siiici(. .id) I fear.
Sci>is/'zf/nl ( ///. ) fear, frij^ht.
,, kdsiikiUuidin, {kesk. .ano) I am sad, sorrow-
ful.
Kashk^miamozviu, {in. pi. un) sadness, sor-
row.
,, zvassitdzL'dndam, izues . .anii) I K^ieve, am
sorry-
,, ossif(hi'(')i(hi/ii. {zL'Cs..(iiif>) I grieve, am sor-
ry.
Uassifihvdiufamozi'in, (in. pi. an) sorrow.
grief.
Ossitdzv^ndemozL'iti, {hi. pi. an) sorrow,
grief.
,,. pisindam, {pes..an^) 1 listen.
Pisindamozvin, (/«.' pi. an) listening.
,, paifossdndatn, {pei^'.-an^) I ask with hope,
I hope.
Pagoss^ndamozvin {in. pi. an), asking, re-
quest, hope.
EXEKCISE.
Onijishin naninodtinoni> tchi ndndgatazL'^ndaman
ged-iji-aidian gi-is/ikzi'd-himddisiian. Szi'dngandvii-
ad o sdgiton mino ndndgatazL'indamozvin, o Jin^cn-
ddn dash izv maichi ndndgatazi'^ndt'vwzviti. \\'(^go-
ncn gcd-ijttchigiian zvdhang kigijcb? Nin ga-nd-
ndgatazi'indam. Ki-zvi-madja na? Endogzyen; nin
zvi-tidndgatazt'dndam. J6hd anijitanwbanig anoki-
zvininizL'ag, kdzvin dc-dihaamdgosis$izvag (they are
not pa yl enough). Kinazva na ki zvi-anijitdm? Kd-^
zvin nm zvi-anijitansimin: ninazvind sa nin dcdi-
haamdgosimin. 1 aanijitamog na tchihakxvizvinini-
wag? Endogzven. Azv anishindhe gi-haba ndnda-
zvindjige gi-anijitam dash. Scgisizt'ag bindshiiap,
mi zvendjissiwad. Ki bebijigdganjim goshkokashki,
nlndawdtdi kdzvin nin oa-bdsissi oddbdning; vidki-
*. M
■"i
i^^
^Z -^ A,
''lit /Iff
':fc.
t . '■"■■-^rJ:-
■V -
-1V6-
./''
/r///
ia-maiijibdiz.'c ki heb^jiiiviicwiim. "V;/./«y 'W.'-
mCuiidiidhvcifi M-^go u-u'dndavunvad„n (when thej
hea/ something".) l^/^/^'A-- tTT'^^KT^iani^ tchi
\^ d^^indji^f^in. ^waiak tcht hnnadtsimn bl-
ush tchi niooiin. I^nami^H<.^>:k'U^'^^(l!;^i^^^^
zvandie. zucwt^ni pislndan. Huo "'¥^V: ^Yr'",
k Zmoh aw Inini matchi ^ ^J^'f''''"'^u^f'Z^.
uaniugvtiHon^r maut ondjt inm odanan. "'""'"^
w^biniirldiiJ^ ta-kitchiondi-kashk^ndamoi!: o bata-
dc-ZnvltM<-' ikwe apitchi kitchi ossttdwlndam.
mau'i i(iiic apinl ^i-nibunid onidjamssfHsan.
Those who are suffering in the bad fire (ot
ViPin e- erlastingly are sorry and weep because
?hev li'^d wicke^dfy on earth! The drunkards and
harl and impure will go into eternal fire and
there they will weep day and night on account
of their sins. The sinner should rj-A/^'t ^7'
wickedlv he lived and abandon his bad life ^o
ZbouiL o nuUchi bimddisiwin)^ Whenever thou
enterest the church take the holy water make
the sign of the cross and go and kneel down
somewhere. Whilst thou art in the church pray
f?^ thy whole heart and listen well when the
priest preaches; don't sleep .vhilst preaching is
going on {k(^go nibdken megzva gegikwjngin)- An
old Indian, failed Nissimidana used to sit on
the floor near the door in the church at La
m.
'^f..
■v*:
lomte and smoke whilst the priest was preach
in^. W hen the sin^rer san^ in Chippewa he lis-
tened and wondered. He was a very old man.
Dogs listen well at night; thev bark " when thev
hear or see anything {i>('ov wudiuiamo-WiUiiin i-?-
7fiu jra/e zvaidbaiuiamfl-u'dcijin). Thev are very use-
ful. Sometimes they bark too much so that (me
cannot sleep. Those two dogs hate each other
and often hght together.
Intekmediate E.xehcise.
If I had perhaps. .
,, thou hadst,,
,, he had
we
we
you „
thev,,
ssizfiimhdneu
ssiziuinhanen
ssii>;6baneii
ssizi'dut'-ififfuen
ssizi'tniirdhaueu
ss/zi '11^ 'vhanev .
negative form
vv-ith ssi placed
. . zt'fimhdnen
• wanibauen
• ^61 incu
■ .ii.'duji>ih(ineii
. . waii^dhatien
ii'^gobanen
■ . ~u'iijj6ba)icn
Note. The terminations of the
are like those of the affimative
before them.
h'ishpin ^imodissi-wavibaiieu, ki da-^i-dshamin
mishiminair, hadst thou ijerhaps not stolen I
would have given thee apples.
. ,APj /^,^^P^ 'jagobanen ossaiciaii, o gikitchi-nia-
tchi-dodanon, when Joseph went to his brothers
he was treated by them very badly.
nJ^P' P'-''"'M"d'-^'<'gobauen auishmabeir Kitchi-
Mokomanag- g-a/c, kitchi fiibizca iii-fn'ssd'Saa- when
the Indians and Americans fought each other
very many were killed. '
Kishpin giivatiimdssizc'^irobinien, mdkiia ki da-
gi-apttinnm^dwag bernddisidjig, if perhaps you
had not lied, people would have esteemed you.
Kfskfin geU-anishindbe^ andmiazvdfrSbaven rra-
nabdtch nazvdtch da-gi-mino-ijijv^bism'ag- khiawa
1^
^'
'i
.<
/lt\*&iA
k
fmm
'^WW'
•^-
DS
Christians, perh.ips xiic>
than you. / ;-,.;»;/m/-i(/l'- /u/V-.1A""-
« ,«/ ////:<•</:'•'"• ^■'•"' r,;^ not fejoctc.1 ;;.« U
stroved.
I;, nin ■-riiiioiiii^^i- .'>'". •": ,,,,, ■h;,:vitt(i
./
hmviu (I
;^^...A/^..^/^^/'''!!;/^^' S"'7' to make Ihkt for
,A>(At:f. /w/':i''« zi'i-a tun <ta l ' j^. ^.^/j„
;, dodouau (^l/fZ"^'%„%id a.okiiu,
(i^^et nin ''"''"^''^/'^'"" //Tor thee.) .1"/'"'' C/'"""-
Jm ki/ZkazvaiC '^t'*f\\ %.^Lnikoda (on foot on
the ice.) /^'«/'.^'^'i'- f '^S5 , /;V,'.A/. 11?.// md.>:
am-
the- ice.) /^-''^^';;r-,;^ss ^.5;^;. ■ u?;// ;-^-
„,,„;./4///,;/.t^m^/«A'- "f^f '-^"^ .
Al^piwen. Oma anin, ^r^y A,,/nha I^>id<""ii
ijan oimi. ^^''''''
j»;^*i. i«.«*v*iiati
-IW-
is/doW: hMizvaso, (cme warm thyself /^^/^
lakiikomm is/dzcdmicm, zvassi'trhin-a,,. Xi„ ..^^i
LESSON XXXIII.
(h, ihe Suhjuurtive ami /mi^cmtivc mooth,
as aho the Participle, affirmative form,
of the second cot7jiii>atioii.
Subjunctive mofnt.
Present tense,
A'i.ihpin indntfamim, if I think.
ifKfnUaman, „ thou
int'ni/an^, if he she
fn^U(faman^, if we
in^m/ameg, ,, you
/w^wr/rtinowad,, t'hev
indndaming, ,, one
/W//rA/mini(l, „ his (f.'i."soii) think.
Pluperfect tense.
Kishpin in/ndamixmh2in. If I had thouifht
/«^;/^/r/mamban. ,, thou had ,,
/wf'/if/^'ngiban, ,, he
/«<^;/</^/mangiban,, we "
/«<^;/i/«meg-oban. you
/«<*;/^/rtmowapan, "if thev
. /«^«f/«mingiban, „ one ,',' ''
./«^/;^«mmipan, if his (f.i.son) thought.
»1
»»
1 1
1 «
II'
4!i(
-.<c
•*^
-2« MP
'«t* .» f
j ^-r^i-yi
,.%
?
^1
N'ottf. As the participles have the same fcrnn-
rid/ioHS as the subjunctive mood, except the third
l)erson plural and the Second third jierson, we
will jfive only those last name«l terminatums;
participles have the "Chanj^e".
Subj. /■;/«*«<A/niowad, U they thou^'ht.
I'art. cnt'n(/(in^\^, those who think.
Subj. /M<';/fA/mtnid, if his (son) think.
Part. e;/(*mA/minidjin, his (s<m) who thinks.
I'lupcrfcct rcsp, impcrfcrt tense.
Subj. /;;('//</</mowapan, had they thought.
Part. e//<*//<A/n}^ibanig, they who thouj?ht.
Subj. /W«</(/minipan, had his (f. i. son) thought.
Part. e«^//^A/minipanin, his (son ) who thought.
Imferuth'C mooii,
/iK'Hcfun, think (thou.) (Iin'niiamokau).
/,i('ti(/iimr^, think (ve). {ItK^miamdio^-; nu'mhnno'
keg).
/iK'miaxdH (Sixth Conj. tufa it- iniaunn let us
think.
X/n suiiuaJii, {saiiit(iuim>^ I go out.
,, svnii<fiiii(im. {szvan..iinM) I strcngly think.
resolve.
Sotiudmhwuru in, {in. pi. (in) strong thought.
firm resoluti<m.
„ aaonu'tftam, iuiag. .unii) I contradict, protest.
* disobey.
Aiionzviftamowin, (in. fl. an) ccmtradicting,
protesting, disobedience.
„ irijt'ndani, ( iiciy. .(ing) I resolvt.
\riiemlimozvin, {in. fl an) a resoiution.
„ iaiihitam, UeJ.-cwg) I will not listen, I will
' -^ -^ ■' -^ not obey.
s-
-201.
Jajihitdinuzi'in, ( ///. p/,
X/'u />otit'fi(/inn, { h'u'aii-tiui' )
iiu) unwjilinjfness to
ohfv. stubborness.
I cease to think <.n
soniethintf, I lorj^et.
«/// ) forjfettinjjf, for-
j^iveness, pardon.
K.XKKCISK.
Pitjj:idinhhitt tchi sai^miman ( let nie jr„ „ut)
niu -^ci-^iwc Xiniii/Yniis.uiu- ni/il('-ui$i'vat^ fuiimh'-
-ruir 'f<'s/i, II in zii uzci-tr/iilnihvc tchi zcisi^inhvaii
ishkothvilbo? A/, miUkviui. h'ishpiu m^-u'ija ,o,j-
i;Muiuo7i'dp<m kihviii </af>i\niHdzcaipth,K^yhvuLr.
.Uinil.'U'hviii mi 'U'dmlii-iiiihvad uihaiziaodiz^iiidmi-
aoiitr S'waiiii^mhiii^iii eta o loiiitoiidzva matrlii
mmikzvhi'iu, ijitzc t/as/i /ai(iiizr('n(/ain;ii;- zmiha o
gti-ni,t(i>(tiiipnuhva izv matchi inhuianunviu miimzva
iiumo tchi miniku'&ivad. Anin zLa-^^nj^miiWuni?
i\m )rijfiuiiim tchi amtji bimiuiisiiiin. 'ApMsh na-
mm'^udamaii iu< ^i>iihidamozvin. Azl' ivcsami^id
kzvizL'tscm mojiiir Jijihitam, i>-^^o fkkHoiCuun; tud-
nimisi; anhidi f)<ishaiij('ii>anr nin zvl-hu haui^zcr
Apfiaish hou^ndaman aa-iiitchincd: mdkija kite,
oudji kyshWudam lii-jijihltaiiir: Seu(^,nh'm ua ik-
zvf injikd tchi iriwcd? (^Xn^et sa sei'('iidcnii, hitai-
nozvai( matchi iuluizva^:
Meno-iududangibanii:: akiug ta-kdgii>e-n>iiHm('nii'
gosizva^ir jii///go,io, metchi-itn'ndauirfbauin- akimr,
ta'Ka^ig^c-kota^itt'rwau audmakamiii: Gijhidami^^o-
han, tchi zvi'miuo-}*a}Hmfi:iudisoieo\ kazfin ki da-
•'enishkdie-
bdtddo-
.. . ./A .s- -"♦'" tfu-naifamdzi'ad
"r^w7r^'" ."^"'-''•''^r/V/ y^^-"'^.^ /Ulchitii'dii'CiddiiV.si
/iij^-J/atiitd /shpimniii ii''/'MOng, ta-zi'a>idkideezi'ai(
dash a^'ins: ^ncno-indndaugii^^, mi t^c-iji-udtramdzcad.
.(*
i'
-^
•>
k
■4i ■ :/'■
i
J..\: If -,-4
V.
• J '•w f ■
202
;;// d(is/i jn/iiazfa nehib gi-ijiizt'iid gijigong. Ini
uiTvidog^ iimhhsano ijdda kid oghmhnimui ciidko-
sid; til kitchi-minzfdndam dash ki mitio ogimihni-
nan. ('^go zva-migizvdianin, nwjag 'U-'eniJishiiig
i>ei>o mig/wen, gdnima hisikdgiinaii, gonhmi
"makismiiii, gdnima zvabouin, gdnima gaie audtch
midjim. luizi'in da-gi-bdpissi azv ikzvi api ga-kash-
kiUidaminid o nabihnan. Xossc, Ja-u'^ndan niidzc;
mi ga-ijid be/'ig Mashki-Sibing daji-anishindbe :
ningzviss ketinidgisid o bamiton niidzv nind apcni-
man kiidzv tchijazvhidaman niidzL'. Nidji, nin ga-
Jazvdndan kiid-w, nijo-dibaiganeg bi-nddin wiidss,
gaie kokdsh, gaie pakwijigan.'^ Migzvetch, nossc,
migwdch izv jawindaman niidw, ka wika nin ga-
wandndansi eji-mino-doda-wiian.
When did those men quit working? They quit
at noon. Will they begin again? I don't know.
Is your father sick? Yes, he is sick; he has con-
sumption {ossdssodamowdpine, or minizvdpine).
Had he taken good care of himself he would not
be sick. He gave himself {o gi-minidison) his
sickness because he walked too much in the
snow^ when making sugar igi-iskigamisiged).
Some persons have a strong will, others have a
weak will. They give up quickly when working
hard. Who are those that are going out? I don't
know. What do they resolve to do? They resolve
to go to the store near the road to trade there.
When will thev come here again? I don't know.
Who built that nice house? I don't know. Thou
dost not know much. I know as much as thou
knowest. Where are those good women? I don't
know. Perhaps they are in the store. Did the
rich man give some books? He gave much provi-
sion and clothing, 'out no books. Are his sons as
kind as their father? They are not very kind-
hearted.
-203-
Resump:.
Aniiuli kid ahddjiminin? Omd atczvau. Ki g{-
mikamhvan na kid anUixvan? lUni'ni mash, urn
ni-mikansiniin nind auihmimu. hid ni <">[<!<' 'n '>'<'
tchi u'i-oddpimnnau katolik anainihi'in?^imi niin-
dam su. Azv inini o -vi odnpnian MWwdist ana-
mi^-xHH. Anin cjinikixde^ jcigamhlumozvmnw aui-
zven- omd viiiiissini>- tc/uiginei>i<.uuun ..«--., "-".s-,"
kiichi pdnoizvdgislzi'ug. Ki gi-zvdbantazvct^ »amn
mokocLsozLiuimmag- (my carpenters)/ luiu n
nitwotchi nin iri.zL'dhomdssm'amnnii: Akosi nnw^/ic,
Ui-ondjinMoir mi akosiwin. Mi azv uindaugzLC, au'
dash ikwe mi ninimoshL Kazi'in '^:tka iiiu gt-wa-
hamdssig- uimishome/ai>, kaziin gate nijishcun. Mi
azu nidfikizvf. azi' das)i oshkiniaikzic m, nmd azvi-
ma (mv sister a male speaking). Imnnvidoy; ka-
zvin ki'kikcnimigvssim; kazi'in sa zvika k, A'-'-j^yj^;';
mii^dssim. Nossinan. ki u'i-zvmdama^o j>igo ketch,-
kashkcmldgzvak; mi sa shika gi-mhod Mong k
mdma cndaidmy Nossihan mnw mnuzcihan. nm-
oaihan ^aic mino ikzvH'ihau: a<j:azcaiun irasikzv^-
lumai>; mhvija gi-uihdzvag- nctcnj. hazvm nm non-
dafiwi kid iim'hi'in osum uin i>aii-i/?ishi'. ^^" ^^f^"
hamhima zuczvdm, kazviu dash nin mtno nondamas-
si. Kishpin zL'chinamcg; Kij^Mamto od ananu^zvm.
ti kitcfii manjitchigcm. Xidji. k, n,shkad,s>tazc
ina? Kazi'in ki nishkddisitossinon. Azv^gv.'cn n/og-
ga-handdjitogzc'en nin dassondgannumm (traps .
izvaniiiranindnin or oniiiranmanm)? John o gi-ba-
nddjitanddog^nan. A^fi>v:ai ga-mhagzvcn onial
xJc^zvai. AzvMian gaHizvt-zvahamadjin noss?
'Maslikikizvininizvan o g-i-zvahamadoir^nan. ^/>' J''
mikdnan ni/ himindkzcanan gniie nin A^-'^^f^^^/S
nisszvi joni'idn„.o; Kazi'in zi'ika nanagatazchidans,
S' ^^-^i
•fl
-/
' ""PC f'
s ■
llZi'
III
204
ikzvc i:<*go zi'a-//'f/r/iiii<'(0'i>'- ^' M'-""'/''^""
imi? Ka masiii: zvCibauu; niu i^ad-anijitaw. Meku-
tczvikzvamuc fdosi, i-i'ur. Kid imhnlam ma tch, an-
(Imhiiiiii? luni'iii u<'»ii>om nuislii: ptnnuux tiin ^^■ad-
ainimidmidoii.
LESSON XXXIV.
On the ne^ai'ne form of the seawd roujuiratioii.
Note. The iL'hole negative form of the seeond
conjugation is like that ..f the first conjwgatioti.
except the iiei>ative hnpenitive mood and that in
stead of the' characteristic syllable assi, we havt
ausi in the second conjugation; the n in ansi is
but slightly sounded. However, to show the si
milaritv between the negative forms of the first
two conjugations, we will give a few examples:
/ Co)ijui>atiou.
Kazvin niu «//>assi,
,, ki w//^assi,
,, «/7;assi,
,, nin w/Z'assimin,
,, ki ;;//^assim,
,, w/Mssiwag,
,, w/<^assim,
,, w/^assiwan,
// Conjugation.
Kazvin nind in^ndansi,
,, kid indndansx,
, , inendiMsi,
,, nind in<fnda.nsim\n.
,, kid /;/<*;/ f/ansim,
,, /;/^W(/ansiwag,
/w<*w</ansim,
/;;<'wf/ansiwan.
»»
«»
Subjunctive mood.
Kishpin w/^assiw^an,
,, w/^assiwan,
,, w/^assig,
,, w/<^assiwang.
Kishpin /«£*wr/ansiwriti ,
,, /w^//(/ansiwan,
,, /;/(<«r/ansig,
,, /«e';/(/ansi\vang,
-205-
Klshpin w/'/^assiwej^,
,, w/'/^assij^wa,
,, ////massing-,
,, /;/<^//r/ansif^wa,
,, /;/(^;/</ansing,
/*rcscut tense.
Subj. /w£*wr/ansigwa, if they don't think,
Part. e;/<^//r/ansig-«')g, they who ,, ,,
Subj. ///<*//</ansiniV, if ( f . i. son) does not think.
Part. ew<*Wansinig^on his,, ,, ,, who,, ,, ,,
Imperjert resp. Pluperfeet tense,
Subj. /;/<*;/f/ansifi;-waban, had they not thought,
Plup. e;/ * /f/ansigobanij^, they who thought not,
Subj. /■;/. Wansinigoban, if (f. i. son) had not
thought,
Part, f/zt^z/f/ansinigobanin, his (f. i. son) who
thought not.
Note. All the other termiuations of the partici-
ples are the same as those of the correspouiiin^
subjunctive mood; the participles always have the
Change.
Xe^ativc Imperative mood.
/\ei(o in^ndangen, do not think (thou)
,, in^ndan^^gon,^ ,, ,, (ye)
,, /wf'wr/ansida (VI Conj. in plural ansidanin)
let us not think.
\in dehzvHam, (daiehzvetantr) I beli \e, I obey.
Dehu'Hamowin, (in.) belief, the act of believ-
ing, obedience.
,, missaw(^ndam, (mes..ang) I covet, I wish to
have something,
A/issau'(^ndani07i'in, ( /;/. ) covetousness, avidity.
,, nanda7i'<*nda?n, {nen..ang) I desire.
Nandau'cndamoivin, {in. pi. an) desire.
20«»
Wissao^tnhnnozi'in, ^ni) ^^^ -^^^
\ 1 (h-„ft atio-) I suffer, I am in a
EXEKCISE.
%fka ta-ishk-u;a-koiagMn.uu,g ^^^ . _^,^^,
dash dcbzvctansr^'ni. Anm e^^^^^^^^^ -,/.
\w-Miwinan su o f^ndazvMmuia i„i„i^a^.
Emtogzven. hfgo '".{/^""^. %,,.,,iinadisizi-intzi'a, ki
Zzv oshkhunvc mintkMSSigo'nm ^ ^^^^^^^
What art thou making.^ 1 am ma^ ^^_ ^^^^.^
which I can use, when I g t > ^^ p^^^^^, i
When wilt thou start? I a.mt ^^^^^ ^^^^
will start next Thur.clay^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^
need anything? The> neea, ^^^^^,,^./,
tea, sugar andmanv other thmg^^^^. ,.,
g^gohakan.)^ not tl^se^^^^ and playthm^s.
nijishtmnig?) They act act as children {ahhwdii'
mg ijizvHmr^ag.^ Are your children disobedient
sometimes? They do not always obey. Those who
have never been poor do not know What poverty
\^ {ejiu'dhuk kitnnagisizc'iii). If the martyrs (ana-
miewin ga-ondji-inissimiiig-) minimi j in; had not
suffered so bitterly ,m earth, they Would not be
so happy now in heaven. When will we tfo to
those poor Indians? They suffer much; they are
very poor; they need fmul and medicine, and bed-
N^^^rJ"--'^''"'^'^' '"'''') ^«*1 blankets (zcahoidv-
an). Who is willing to give these things? I, will
give some meat and bread and flour; John will
give potatoes and rice; and his wife will irive
medicine, a bedstead, some sheets and blankets.
She is very kind, indeed. Who will come and
get all these things? My children will come and
get them.
Intermediate Exercise.
Kaxi'in .... ki /g-ossi
» ' 'A
iiivssim.
We.. ..thee-A7 /go
We.. ..you-,, /gom
Note. The contracted terminations are: at'o
(logo, cogo; agom, ao^om, cogom; aoosst, ao^SssL
eog-ossi; agossriii, aogossiin, coaossim.
hi u'cihamigo, we see thee.
luiwin ki iionddgossi, we do not hear thee.
hi mindom'ogom, we are looking for you.
(hv ki zL'Cnvimiavidgom, we pronxise you this.
Jesus, ki gahabiimitdgo, Jesus, we shall (>bey
/ / / • I • .. thee.
John, kazvin ki sagiigdssi, John, we do not love
Kaivin ki g:a-md(iJindJaogdssim, we shall not sen^d
Av 1. J ■• vou away.
hi g;a'kotagiigom, we shall make you suffer. '
/'
Ik-**:
" ^'i J
'!:r*S|
V.
■4
-208-
Charles, kid anoni^o tchi anokiian. h'i zutmia-
ma^o izv debivizcin, kazvin ki -wi i'l'zi.'intimotiigossi.
Xidji, ki dchzuetdiro. Kid in^uimii^om kikinoamd-
ding tchi ijaicg- (we want you to go to school).
Ka ivika ki ga'ZL'ai^jimii>ossi. Chv ki -u,'irj.'indinnu'
We paid thee day befbre yesterday. If thou
workest well, we shall pay thee next Saturday
evening six dollars. We are' looking at you, boys.
We shall whip you, if you behave badly. We
like thee {ki mi'nzvhiimigo^ and we employ thee
to work. We shall pay thee in full {ki gad-aj^ua-
mdgo). We did not beat you; we struck you only
once. We promise you that we shall go home
immediately. Father we call you to go to a sick
woman; we shall go with you {ki ga-zt'idjizfigo).
The woman is very sick; she will not live long.
Oki xaky Wokds and Expkessions.
Mi tihishko tchi dag-juishing, kema gaie tchi dag-
zvishinsig (it is all the same whether he comes
or not.) Ki zv/kzfatchitajiuis tchi hashanjcogoian.
Kiua-wa nind ondji kitimdgis. Auamidzi'iii ki gud-
(thou'lookest sick); ncshkadisingin iii gijzi'dzvag.
Bejig hdpi, l>e/ig dash mCizci. Anind danizvag a-
nind dash kiiiviagisizvag. Bejig nijizvad (one or
the other) ta-hi-ija omd. Bejig cndashizuad ta-bosi.
iVin nitd-miudjimenddn gego: kazvin zvaiha
p-a-uHinendansi'n. Nazvatcli zvin jazvenddg<
ga
}<>S/
nni
kilt
"dash. Nazi'atch John nibzfaka,- Paul dash. Auin
minik ga-inagindamagoian ozv pashkisigan? (how
^^
-20«^
much
luch hast thou been charged for this jrun'") X,.
'^as chare-en mnvf \ A^»-,,/.. ^..•.. _...-...^j-. . . .
gosnan mi ejt-jazvendiigosmw ^ruir ki),/ Eshkam
Mugfhsh^ ej,^g,kad (the older he grows, the deaf-
W. J »»)• f^/'^f''"/ gifgihacihrwaf,^ ano kikhwdma-
J^tndzva (the more they are taught, the more
they are Ignorant. ) Eshkam urn mino ah anokfi.
(in. i.edafitchmino-ijizL'^hisiiau, nin na-saimoo
luiwni mn de-danissi HCg'shfhuidoiimhan 7u'.
'^'l'. V Ma-de-kikmodmawassi. De-afitisi {trhi)
Ke-d,b6mndisod ge-bamiidisod gate. Nazvatrh non-
gom ziaiha gi-dagzcfshinog, eJi-dairwisAhw-wad ,ko.
^,
■♦-'■
A
It
LESSON XXXV.
T/ie third Conjugation.
Note 1 To the third conjugation belontr all
mtransitive verbs, which end'in^.;., /«, or .1 in
fK. Z^""^^"' Singular, present tense, indica-
tive mood, affirmative form, f. i. dair-Jislnn he
,%W^'i '««''^'{on, he has a large mouth. ^Nin
dczi'ipikzvsin, I have pain in my back.
Note 2. In this conjugation we cannot distin-
guish a characteristic vowel, as in the other con-
^^.^^''TuJ^f ^^'•"^i^-tions are added to he
or^« ^ '''''^' "^^^"^ ^" ^'^^^' "''' '>"'
fnd. present
(in, in, or on
Imperfect
indban
indban
Stibj. pres.
an
an
H . -
%
-210-
,. /;;;
,, /III
.. on
an, m, or on
,, ., ,, ,, imin
»» n »>
»1 1» 1»
H »» »1
»» «» »»
.SV//y. Imp
dm ban
am ban
i^iban
an if /ban
dban
imindbau
imzi'dban
dbanii(
obanin
ana
owad
in^
inul.
Part. prcs.
an
an
^i>oban
owiipan
in 1(1 ban
inipan
<r
iini>
gig
inidjin
Present,
Part. Imp.
dm ban
aniban
giban
dug /ban
^i>vban
g{bani|r
/in>/ban
inipanin
Indicative.
Imperative
in
it a
in ( okan )
our
Xin dagzc'ishin, I arrive
ki i/agu'is/iin, thou ,,
ciagzvis/iin, he ,,
;//// Uag-wis/iinimin, we arrive.
ki dagzvishinim, you arrive
dig-w/s/iinog, they ,,
dai(zi'is/iinim, one ,,
dag'u'is/iinon, his (f. i. son) arrives.
Imperfect tense.
Nin dagTi'/s/iinina.hsin, I arrived
ki dagzc'is/iinimihdin, thou ,,
dagivishinohdtWy he ,,
nin 'dagzi'is/iiniminahdin, we ,,
ki ddgwis/iin{mv!diha.n, you ,,
r/rt^xf/5///w6banig, they ,,
f/a^w/5/////6banin his (f. i. son) arrived.
Xin dajrzi'is/iin, {def^.-g) I arrive.
1 »
11
11
211
'y/ii />ciuif/s/iifi, (pen..im^) I fall.
1, piiHi>hsiton, (p€n..od) I let it fall, I drop it,
.... I lose it.
a^oitjtii, (cii..iiii() I hanj^, I am up some-
where
ufivdon, (eii-..o(i) I hanj^ '"l up, I put it
. , , . somewhere.
m/uos/i/n, (meu..iu^!>) I lie comfortably.
audihhin, {aimi . .imr) I lie down otherwise,
. , , . '>r elsewhere.
muuos/iiti, (mai(iii..iinr) I lie uncomfortably.
.... . badly.
tzvashm, ^waiaslmin) ^ break through ':he
ice.
ojdshishin, (zL'ej..ing) I slide, or glide.
miitii>i(ion, {metigidoui>) I have a large
. ., mouth.
osamidoii, (zi'es..oiig) I speak to*) much.
dananaj'iddu, (cnd(indi>idonj>) I talk, chat,
,, , . , prattle, /;/ u certain place.
Uauamti(id6nou'iH, {ifi.) talking somewhere.
m/s/i/dou, {meshidonj>) I have a Vme beard.
dpitchishin, iaiapitchis/iiug) I fall hard,
ginzvdzvedon (,i>efi..ou^), t have a long beard.
takuui'urdou {(ck..oug) ,, „ „ short „
»1
'1
11
EXKKCISE.
Pitchiuai(o ufhiuHi dnishinabe^ omd od^natw i>i-
dagzuishinog; auitid dash ■^L'ahau^■ gonima awa^s-
■u'ahang ta-dagwishiiiog. Agd-wa h'moss^ azv aidko-
std fku'c, pangishin. Mcgiva gi-himossdwad mik-
n'timingr dnnid panghhinobanig viinazva anind o-
/ash:shtiidbanig, din'ud dash mindimdieiag gate d-
knvhiiag apitchishindhanig. G6get sduai^ad tchi fn-
mosscng oshki-mikzuamimr (it is indeed difficuU
to Avalk on new ice.) Aw aidkosid ikue hiiwek
miHoshiH, aw dash mini kitchi manoshin. Ta-
, ^
Tt -''
>*-?
.£-*
4» "!;.•■«■!•*
•vV- ^ttf
v^.
-212
noziiU (if thcv' pliiv on the ice), /ia/uwu'tf/u-
mamhiiu kiuhi\ ktrwiti ki ila-gipantrhhin:^!. (Oy^f'-
is/n'uoic iziizvhi'iisini ^i>(i/r /iu-i'Si'n.^uti ZiCihniinod-
//V niikzcamiuii. /tihc os/ii/mnt'Cfi osCimidoiWii. .U-
il'ZL'e luojaii liuitc/'iihalHi-tianauai'iiioti. Amnti •caiti-
/nf/diu-iUf/'ii- (whites) Xv/r/r/ nih/iu/onoj^, mihc nui
>i/s/iftiuis/i/'ni> iji mhhidonoi>;. /t'sns u/\^so'(//f>(i(ii(in
Those children will fall into the • -ater iu/T)/
iuniii) if thev plav near the water, ^^tijf /^^T'*
tw«J Indians broke through the ice near Bayheld.
Did they get drowned? (i>;i-uissiihaii'<fuau^ n<ir>
One jfot drowned, the other saved himself (o .i,'/-
himiUijiton -ciitkv). Do those bad men h.ve reli-
gion?" N«), they hate it; they never go to church.
Intkkmedi.atk Exkkcisk.
Thou.... me ki (root of verb)
You. . • -me ki . . . im
Thou, you.... us ki . . . .imiii
Note. The cimtracted forms for verbs ending
in dzcii {aozi'u), czcu (cozca) are a, uotn, uomin:
t\ com, €0111 in: aossi, dossijn, (ios.<ini/n; cossi, cos-
siiii, cossifiiin. Verbs ending in and, oiiti, and
many in inu, change n into J, e. g. /, Jf'n, /ini-
iu: /issi, /issini, Jissimin.
Ki zcabam, uiu dash kazfiii ki zvalHimissinoii, thou
seest me, but I do not see thee.
luru'iu ki zoi-pisimhizL'issi, thou wilt not listen t<»
me.
Kaziiu mi ki aindndazvfssi? Didst thou not hear
me f
Ki ^i-t^ikit^ nishtiKzi'iininii. Thou didst strike me
on the (my) head.
Ki iii-matchi-dodazvim. You have treated me bad-
ly-
kazvin ki. is^i
i^^i^"
issiniin.
21.^
hazi'in z^'fkii li'^iio ki <>iuiiji$$im. You ntvcr ^xwn
nic ilnvthinJ^^
hi ZL'f-iiuof nil trhi auokltonaii? Do^t thou wish to
hire trif to work for thot?
J^i/zt-iihik fill ki fiimij. Thou dwlst jrivf nu- only
two dollars.
hiizt'in ki jL-i'ti/'/xKimazf/ssimi'ii. You did not pav
us.
.A/».sr, ^/.vf/m cuii-ok ki ^i/xis/itin//. Fatht-r, thou
didst punish nie too scvt-rclv.
/w Zi.i-j>izi>eii(iJ(iomiu no? Wilt thou ordor its
home? send us back home?
Thou dost not see or hear me. Thou <lidst not
pay me. You have treated us hadlv. You heard
us and you listened ♦<) us. We were hunj^rv
you have j^iven us n<»thin^ to eat. You dO
love us. Thou dost not resjHict me (kazfin ki
ntidjiissi. ) Lord, thou hast jrjven me life
health. You did not thank me. Thou hast ....
fully paid me. Thou hast not told me anvthin^f
You have promised us to work. You have d(me
me g-reat wron;^. Thou didst see us veste.day at
Church. Thou^ hast not s|)oken to" me for a
whole year (KahekikiiKhiozi'in Kuzfin ki i;i-i>(iu(i-
Jissi). Dost thou send me to the store? Didst
thou pay me five dollars? You have promised us
many thin|,'s. You have not thanked us.
and
not
ma-
and
not
/ 'V
' 'P
■ I
'•S|l
_- ''.
.A
4 '
»5>
r'^i
f—^-i
-214-
r.ESSDN XXXVI.
77tc subjuuctivc ami imperative vtouils: a/so the
participles, affirmative form, of the
third conjugation.
Subjunctive Mood.
Present tense.
/?aj>ziishindn, if, that, I arrive.
dai>zL'ishinan thou arrivest
dat'zi'/shini>;
dtij^z^'ishindni*, ,,
daji>zi'ishinei>, ,,
datczi'/shinowdd, ,
da^zL'ishinini!^, ,,
dai(n'ish in in id, , ,
he arrives
we arrive
you ,,
they
one arrives
his (f.i. son) arrives.
Pluperfect tense.
Da^-u'lshinamhan, had I arrived
dagzvishinambam, hadst thou ,,
da^zvishingiban, had he ,,
dauzi'fshindniriban, ,, we ,,
datczi'ishind^oban, ,, you ,,
dagzcishinozviipan, ,, they ,,
dagzi'ishlningibaii, ,, one ,,
daiTzulshininfpan, had his (f. i. son) arrived.
Note. The terminations of the participles aro
the same as those of the corresponding tenses of
the subjunctive mood, with the exception of the
third person plural and the Second-third Person:
the participles have alzvays the Chanj^e.
Present.
Subj. dagzvishiuG^hA, if they arrive
Part, degw/shingig, those who ,,
Subj. (fuj^'-zf/s/i/uinul if his.. arrives
Tart, (/cir'-i/s/i/mnuljin, his.. .who arrives.
Imperjert.
/^iiM''*^'h/unov.'aYnxn, if thev had arrived
//ei,'K7i7////^ibani|f, they who arrived
(i(i:'U'/shin\m\>}in, if his.. had arrived
r/e:,';i/../////inij)anin, his.. who arrived.
Imperil the mood.
/jui^^zihhnim, (c/tijrzf/s/ihioknn) arrive, ( thou )
</(i/^ 'ufs/iiiu )g, ( (/ti^-'u/s/i/Nokeg ) , , ( ve )
(tiii>zcfs/iiin\A, let us arrive.
Xiti htMhiis/iiu, {hes..iiiii') I lie still.
,, mam/sJitnidzie (mem..e(i) I have whiskers
,, ii'nfisl'(ikoi>(Ui(*s/iin, (^i>eii..iu^) my lejr is dislo-
,, M'^f'si-i'douikifshin, (j>eii..hn^n my arm is (Hs-
■J- I ^1 ■, „ , . located.
,. M'd'si'iU'onii-i'ta, {^ti.uL.iui) my arm is disl(.ca-
ted
,, ^n'liisi'dkosiddshin, (i:^ed...i>ii>) my foot is dis-
•.•,/•,. , . U)cated.
„ M'<0(if^'s/iw, (i.ed..,Nj,r) I hurt my eye, fallinjr
.,, , . , to the g-round.
" ^'!,"!"' ig-ediijjjy) I ccmsume it, eat it all.
,, ^inisi-ur, {i>rhisk-u.'cd) I am hoarse.
('ihisk'U'i'zviu, (ill.) hoarseness.
" M'^f'^S(ii>(l/c, (,i^e/>..ed) I am ccmstipated, I am
y^'-i, ., . . costive.
(*if>fssii^ajhi'ni, (in) costiveness, constipatif.n.
ExKKcrsE.
Aninhvapi ^(cdapi'is/iinou'iid kimiss^iai>? Emiv-
^tL'en; mdkija zt.'iihiini> ta-dn^zvfsliiiw'^. \\vif} aN
MCdaozvis/iiu^ii kosshian? la-dairzcishin kossimni
iiou^om oudiToshig. AnhhzL'iu ^ hhanishimhvan?
'why don t you he still?) hav^'in nin ^askkitossin
fj
.t;'
^ f
^^m^M^^m-
v..
21*.
/r/i/ hisdnishimVh osam nin manoshin, osam gate
nin munii aia. Ki iri-fakitdshin ina gt-piingishi^
nan? (^dirct nin i>;i.p(ikiU$hin, nin gi-guUskakoni-
kd^/iin, 'nin iri-giiliskdkogi'uUshin gate; mn kitclu
kotiiirdndam. " Xinchr^'dtch omd hijingis/nn, na-
■vdich ki tra-minoshin. Azv inini gi-gidjat>is/ini gi-
taniilshinir, o kitchi akosin hijig oshkinjig. hawm
ini,wtdgoshsi uzv neg/k-u'cd, kitchi gibhkzvc, agawa
ayp/fo.^^'i'iivt munddad oibiskzvdzvin (truly hoarse-
ness is a 'bad thing.) Anin eji-aiad nongom azv
uidkosid? Kuzvin apitcl'i mhio aidssi, ketan giMs-
uigdjc (he is yet constipated). Da-jnmotchigc oda-
piminii jdhosigan. Kzvizc'isens? hisdn aidn. hid
omhigis (thou art noisy).
Go away! Don't ever come here again. We
hate thv way of living (nin Jiugenddmin kid iji-
:vS/sizi'in). "Thou art a hypocrite (/■/</ ./m/;///^'-
kd^), thou art a liar {ki gagt'nawishk), thou art a
LTambler and a drunkard. Go away, don t ever
come here again! We hate thy preaching; thou
dost not what thou preachest; thou art a hyp(v
crite. I am not a hypocrite, I try to do what 1
preach. Those men and women talk too much, 1
hate to hear their \vords {nin Jini>itazi'ag) Is
that man sick? Is he costive? If he is costive he
should take purging-medicine. Why did those
men fall? They had drank too much whisky and
beer, therefore" they could not walk straight, and
therefore they fell into the mud {ajis/ikikang. )
Intekmediate Exekcise.
Animate object.
We .... it, min
,, ... .them, min
You.... it, ndwa
,, .them, ndzvag
they... it, ndivan
,, .them, ndwan
kawin . .
»5
.ssimin
. ssimin
. sstnd-wa
. ssindzvag
. ssindivan
. ssindvan
1^:^-
'WFm^^^m isf^f^iifnmiR
m
Nind apdnhndmhi /)chdniijii>eci. We hope in the
Lord.
Kawin kid apdnimossindzva. You do not hope in
him.
Kzi<izvis<^nstig nibizvu uiishimimin o i^i-g-itnodiud'
zvan, T^e boys stole many apples.
\lbiwa opim'ti o i(' n.'izicuuhan. The}' sold many
, • , , potatoes.
Kazviii na ki iviav 'iurss/JKiwc^ kl miiuijikdzvdni
zvai(? W i; you not lend ^our mittens?
Anisliindbeg o ga-nddind^van opin'ni gaic pukivfji-
ganati. The Indians will g-o and get the
potatoes and bread.
Kiiwin ki ga-migizv/ssimin kokds/i, kawin gaie
pakwfjiganan. We will not give pork nor bread.
Kuzvin keidbi o man'tokdssindwan masininiii. Thev
don't worship any longer idols.
Did you go to that si^k man? We did not go
to him yet, but to-morrow we will go to him.
Did thy childrer steal my apples? " hev did not
steal them. Did we fetch\3ur kettles and bread?
We fetched bread, but we did not fetch our ket-
tles. Did thy children borrow my kettle and saw
(kishkibodjigan)? They did not borrow them.
Did we donate (give) money {/diiiia)? We did
not give any money, but "we gave pork and
bread and clothes. Did your parents (ki kitisimi-
-L'lig) borrow money? Yes, they borrowed one
hundred dollars (uingotwdk dasszvdbik joniian. )
Did you give fifty dollars? [ndnimidana dasszcd-
bik?) No we gave only ten dollars (middssTid-
bik). Do the pagans hope in God? They do not
hope in God, they hope in the Indian religion.
J^^ 'l. '*9r
■t-r-K, , ^1
!.--3e^:Vi:?^4ibv{
■•'k;.!'"''*.,^ ■*«•.
»<«|-
-218-
:»•.;
"■■J*
^1. \
■'-.X
^o"
,»^'
v^..
LESSON XXXVII.
VVic ncgittize form of the third conjti^utiou.
Note. The terminations of the negative form
of this conjugation are the very same as those
of the iirst conjugatiou. They are added to the
characteristic syllable 5/ ( a;/.s/, />/>/, ousi). The
only exception to this rule is the imperative
mooii, which is the same as that of the seeoud
conjugation,
Indieative Mood.
Present. Imperfect.
Ka-Jjin nin dai>ZL'ishiusi i/naban
,, ki diigzi'/shinsi 5/naban
,, ddgTi'ishinsi 5/ban^
,, «/// dagzuishinsimm >/minaban
,, ki dagzi'/shifisim s/mwaban
,, dagzc'/shinsfv:a.g 5/bauig
,, dagzvishinsim
„ dagzL'ishinsi^'Kn
Suhjtinctive Mood.
Present. Pluperfect
Kishpin dagzvishinsiwiin
,, d(igzi'/shi/isi-wa.n
, , dagzL'ish in s /g
,, d(iozi.'/shinsi\\'iing
, , dtio zi'/sh insiweg
,, d(igzc'/shinsig\va.
,, diigzc'ishinsing
,, dui^-zi'/shinsinig
5/banin
.N'/wamban
5/wamban
5/g6ban
.</'wangiban
5/wegoban
5/gwaban
s/ngiban
5/nigoban.
Wf
.^<dJ.
ib.:-^
-219-
/*<irf. Present
tiei(zL'is/unsi'^i )g-
(/ei^-wishfnsim^on
Pin-t. fmperfer)
5/g"obanig'
5/nig-obanin.
Imperative.
Kego iitig-u'hhiti^en, \ ^ii^on, nsida.
\in jndnjridon, {meugu/ofig) I have a lar^re
, ., mouth.
, (igassnion, (eg:.ong) I have a small mouth.
, zi'tiinh))!, (zvan/i/oni>) I have a dirty mouth.
, hinidon, (hanidoug) I have a clean" mouth
, m/shi(iou, imes/i/dong) I have a beard a-
^ , , , . , , . round the mouth.
, pashkodon, (pes/d'odo>ii>-i I have no beard.
, hitdkosiddshin, (het..ing) I knock my foot a-
/•. ., •,..,. . gainst something.
, lutakonindjishin, ihef..hig-) I knock my hand
/•. ./ ,,,,■ "^ finger ag-ainst somethinir.
, tutakondihHhin, {bet..ini>) 1 knock my head
,., ,, ., , against something-.
, O/tdkoo-td/g-zi'es/i/n, {hitci..hig) I knock my
, , , . knee against something.
, assokzi'(fshtu, ^-..hig) I lean or lay my
, . ad on, against something.
. (iss-u'tis/i/n, (or asszi'i'shhi) I am leaning on
., , , . . some object.
, iitzuas/irmon, (aiat..flng) I lean against some-
.,,,,. thing, standing.
, mitakoshni, (mef..ing-) I lie hard, on a hard
, . ., ... bed, etc.
, an/mikzi'is/iDi, {pron. (luimikoshin) {en..inir)
I am lying on mv belly.
, atzfakogahazv, (auiL.id) I lean against some-
thing, standing.
EXEKCISE.
lV<*gofien zL'endji-mandshinozvdd oqvzv aidkosid-
t' ^"
^,
5^. :.-
^/
1 ' „
«e
i:
r;i;-t
"if ?^
•"T~ V::
'v..
220
//..'' ()<dm mCtinuiiuiini o mushkoisizL'iulhdiidni-
-■uni mi zcnu/// m/uos/iiiisiiizcti. (f hzvanaiciloiKm-J
:.,.ui7nhcuu/, iii'i:rf kitrhi kotanihkcai:- Mimizia ki-
trhi hCitalmnL'Hii iosdni/iiozi'do-^ ^i.'/'^ "A'- "" "'/""-
-■it z.'cmiii-kotiiiifto-waii, ka/n'-lihik tukzcan^^i :c<t-
(bite) siwnucn:' X/nozc/ss, ki zvinuhii, zvcu'ibkrsi
hioimni khfoH. Xo.^sr, kazL-iii niii zv/uufons/, ui-
Sinii' chi zfiniiioit, uiu dii^h iiiii hmidou. )^pniti
voi'iz.'uii- mh/ihi(>no<i\ uii/s/i/ikI/hx (/ds/i pifšhkodo-
iioo. .\feiizca />/iiios\<c/(li/, u/>/ hit(ikosi(ii':>hiii. hina
-ri7 iiKu'in /frniossfn'i:, iii<inozciimi:>ii'- trhi hit(tko:>i
,/i'</i/ir<izi<\. Wrzrt'ni uiu oa-iiiiinizi-i'nimiisomin
tr/ii /)i/(ik(>si(/cs/itusizcdiio: Au' os/ik/udzir iiinmik-
-,'i</ii)i: kazi'iu wiudir//ii;('ssi ihiiniikzvishiiiii; la-t>i-
^dnishiii ni/Hioaiiiim: /urui/i zcczciUii zcdhamiamu^-
s/ (lie does not see well) azc mint, niitkija niiiiio
trhi zvmiikzvaniuii- (a branch) tahiUikoii(iihc^hiii.
h'l'oo iisszi'js/iiftiirn, kis/ipiu miiio anhsizvan, pin-
r//<'V//, nvzvishituni iivii: Azv ketiimij^/std iiinii mi-
/dtiK^/iifi, niuiiini'atr/i ta-hi-Jini>hhni cndamu la-mi-
no^hin dash. Xin mCmt'shin, kazctu /tin mim>s/iiiist,
tkki/o <izv aidkosid. KctVibi /in^i>t.</itnd/Hi>ii^ />(i-
mtldntidn. Kimizca oa-piDioishiimzveii- zvika ki ja-
uoiddoosim. Bihdnouo- oi-fzcih/iindii, .i,'-<i,'f/ m/nA-
ano- nlii oi-dapim'. (hdmiddusizi-<'o(d>(Hi, kazvui a-
zL-iitt da-oi-nishkddisissi. Mino gauazv^nindlsossii::
zvdhan, da-oi-tzvih/iiuoi>: AVoo zvika fxm^is/itjti^r-
voii hdtddozi'iiii>io\ uzv pcniiishitiii bdhidirvtittuo
kitchi kitimdiiiidiso. Xin da-o/minds/itn /tfiikotii::
dkosissizvdmf>a)i. Bi-dai>zcishim'd'an {f>leasc come)
mimizva zvdlnino: uin miuzvcnddmiu hi tjitian. hi-
tr/ii oNiiis/iizviii:- (iiidtiooii is/ipimino- (on high) r-
i^dd/ii/oio: Kinazvti kabi'-hihdti pc„^ishiustzv<'iiob<in,
Z-^oct ki' i>i-mint>-iiaH(izf<^niiidisom btnioss('ii'i;:
"'it is not good {kdu'in onijishiusiuon) that a
person lie on his bellv while sleeping; he will
become sick. Boys! Be still, don't play m bed;
ii
231
lie still! Thai woman bk-t-ds; slu- fi-lj hard
whilst walkin^r ,,n tht- ici-. It th-v (l(»n't taki'
care of themselves whilst walkinjj;- en the ice
they inay slip and fall heavily. Don't walk ..n
the ice; it is soft, thou mayest hreak throuj^Hi
^makija ki <^(i-tzvus/iin). Those two women talk
too much, they speak ill of others < nmlrhi r^ijlu
il^hcaii) That child has a larjrc mouth, hut " my
child has u small mouth. If they would wash
their mouths every day, they would n(.t have
dirty mouths. Those who si)eak immodestly ( /i>
iiv z^'iiuioiju'^djii^) they are the ones wh(." have
dirty mouths, hut those who never talk immod
estly they have clean mouths. That half-hree('
unc xvissiU-(Kiczi'i)i/'iii) has a heard around his
mouth, but that Indian has no heard. That is
the woman that talks all day lony; she talks tin.
much.
I-NTHKMKDIATK KxKKCISK.
I nun i mate oh /erf.
k'lzi'in
We . . . . it mi)i
,, .... them ;///;/
you .... it n<hcti
,, ..them nd'udn
they. . . .it ndziui
,, ..them nuzvan
. . nstnnn
• ■ iisfinin
usindzi'.i
■ ■ ushi(izi.(in
■ nsindzcii
■ ■ nsindzi'dti
Note. Verbs endinf^ in en, in, and on, chantre
n, into .S-, in the neg-ative form, f. i. kaziin nin
mio-izi'^'^sfniin, instead of kazvin nin m/'i^izi'fyis/fnin.
Xin zvdhanddmin kitrhi is/ikot^. We see a large
fire.
hazvin ki kik^ndansindzva KijC-Manito od ikkito-
zvin. You do not kno\v the word of (iod.
() minzL'<!ndiindzv(i initio ijizvihisizviu. They like
virtue.
.-t^C-
e:*;-'!
,Jr'
"It r " W'*\
"v„.
f)
o Utilized
222— ■—
ibinuiiiuthvau -wakdiiiuiuiu. Thcv arc*
looking at the houses.
Mtvio-t/i-ur/>/s/if/iy (the jfood, virtuous) o .s77x;7/<>
;/f/:t7^ (ituimihi-in. The ^ood love relijjfiim.
.]fi'trhi-i/hv<^hi:>Hi/\i>' o /ini^riu/ufnhi'ti afiamihviu.
"The wicked hate religion.
Mctchidodaug.ii kaziin o Jiru'^iuiansinihuan zviuhy-
hvii)i\ The evil-doers hate themselves (lit.
their bodies. ) have not pity on themselves.
lunci'i kid (lnd/it(hsiii(kcti ki himddishL'inruu. You
do not chanj^^e your life.
luiwiu (> xvi-ojhnhnisi)nizi'(iu bCitddozviuan. They d«>
not want to avoid sins.
You hate virtue and love vice. Pagans hate
relit^ion, but Christians love it. We like meat,
but we do not like souj) {inibuh). You do not
want to jfive up wickedness (kmciii ki wi-honitos-
situ'm\i matchi i/izu^hisizvin). Those men aban-
doned religion. "We will give many books and
])ictures. You should give up drunkenness {ki da-
bouitondzia i-izcashkzvt'bizcin.^ They hope in the
Indian religion (od ap^nimoudzva anishim'ihc-i/it-
Zi'ihviu). Those women do not like coffee; they
like tea. Children like sugar and some people
like salt. My parents like religion and virtue;
they hate Indian religion and badness. Those
boys brought very much wood. Those girls
fetched water and wood. They spoil their books
(o handdjitond-j,'iin o iii(isindii>(iiiizc'(iii). Those wo-
men have changed their lives (oovzi' ikzt'hcdir o
^i-CindjitoudziHin o f}iniddisizcifiizi'(iii.) We did not
build those houses. Did they make this gun?
No, they did not make this gun. Did those In-
dian boys make those bows and arrows? (ouozf
mitiij^zi'dbin, miiigzvdnzvtn guic?^
Resume.
Hairy o iii-zvahajnan mi nossan? Endoirzven;
.•r Wil.«Ai
^.
,,y^//r. /i^»,y mimnva 'wissokani-rn s Uriu o-hi^i^amur-
. -/ , / •; ;^, „ '' M'^''-<if>iiii(i(iiia(foi>- till nin
'¥ ^'"^^"M}'''"'- "'"^V" ^-^i-cni i>'ur/r/i o ^n>tun-
^nadoi.: O ./.atazcenuzva na cni ak/mizva? ^/ ',-
idazcemnvadon- Azvcnen uzc inlni said<raan<. „%/.
'^kk,o,an,n.h,,,i.,Ji(rki^, „,, ,,,i,'rdamonan? '^Vn
i^ad.,„tch,o;^nudo^. Xihhca mhhimina^- mithron<r
_//^ (near a tree, aniuukziis/mw.: Anhul dtddi-
^nhjajjbdam: inojai>- o jajibitazvdn (disobeys) o
Am }>i-Midisi'akos,d,'s/i,n, nin bdiitsidc. Azf ikzve
';; ff^!'''^'/' ^vibidan: kitchi hdiranozce; uin das/,,
nni baoas/ikan,^i>r (my jaws are swollen). Azv aid-
kosHi missniji (dropsy) kitr/ii bdois/iin: bd^iss/nini
omissad Azv inin, bd}>idon, kin %rs/i ki lid^i^dde
Mud ukosni mn ^ondds/ikzvci^ nin bdiritromUi^an.
-U' abmodji biiirnuhbc, }>aic azv kzi'/zviscns bdX'r.
ifc. Azv mm, od dkosinan okddan i^aic diiikan;
'3^s
J >
"^f
p^
-224-
Š
/"'
v.^
1 Ji
oddpimtni( kitchitziCt Jav.<cndiigosr>vtn o /w;^''";'
kitrhitzi'a auamhsikdzfiu, o jrahini/on dashinU
lchi vii'uo oddpinaiiii- izi' kitrhihva Sacrima. lutein
zi'lnidon u'jl' iniui 'xavitd^oskL
LESSON XXXVIII.
'lhe Indicative Mood, ajfinnatiie Jorm, of the
fourth Conjugation, active voice.
Note 1. The greatest number of transitivt-
verbs, which have an animate object, belong tr
the fourth conjugation; only a small number be
long to the fifth conjugation.
Note 2. The characteristic vowel of this conju-
gation is a, to which the various terminations of
the .xffirmative form are added.
Note 3. The third person singular, present, in
dicative, affirmative ends in an, f. i. o wafiaman,
ininiuuin, he sees a man.
Note 4. The o/)jeet if not exprcs. :d, is contained
in the verb itself f. i. w/;/ wabama, I see him.
her not merely I see, but, I see him, her it (an
animate object.)
«»
Indicative Mood.
Present tense
Sing.
Plural
a
<^g
a
og
an
an
iinan
unanig
iizva
azvag-
awan
azvan
Imperfect tense.
Sing. Plur-
ahan abanig
aban abani^-
abanin abanin
an ahan anabanig
azvaban azuabanig
azvabanin azcabantn.
225
Note 5. In the first and second person sin^ru-
lar, and in the second i erson plural, i resent
tense, add i*- to form the objective plural; f. i. uin
zvuham.i, I see him, nin Tvafia/nag, I see them.
Note (}. The third i)erson, present tense, is rn/
tnvau, whether the object be singular or plural:
t. 1. o zi'dbaman, may mean: he sees ///;//, or he
sees t/iem; o ZL'ftbiwii^van, thev see hint, or thev
see them. This applies to the Indicative of the /I'
totijuiratioii, and to the subjunctive moiKl of the
Jijtn and sixth conjugaticms, in all of which the
ofmct may be si/ioii/ar or plural: f. i. kishpiii
zcabamad, may mean; if he sees hiw, or, them-
zvaiafHwiiaiii>\ he who sees //, or, them.
Note 7. In the imperfect tense, first and second
person, singular and plural, the objective plural is
formed by adding /> to the singular; f. i. ,ii„
■u'li/nwuibaii, I saw him; nin 7tdb<imdbanig, I saw
them. In regard to the taird person, the remark
above in regard to the third person, present
tense, applies also to the imperfect tense.
Indicative Mood.
Present tense.
Aln zvdbi'ma, I see him.
,, zi'abamag,,, ,, them.
/•/ zvdbama, thou seest him.
,, zc'abamag, ,, „ them.
o zvdba7nan, he sees him, or them.
A7n (ki) zc'dbamdn^n, we see him,
,, ,, zvabamanAuig, ,, ,, them.
A'l zvdba?nd-wa, you see him.
,, Tvdbamd^N2ig,' „ ,, them.
o Tvdbamdwan, they see him, or them.
A,
22r.
Imperfect tense.
Xin zi'ilfniwdhAn, I saw him,
,, 'U'd/xifncibiim^,, ,, them.
/•/ ztulfxit/u'ihan, thou sawest him.
,, wri/)a/H(ihan\g them.
o zi'd/xirndbAmn, he saw him, or, them.
;//;/ {ki} wd/ximaniihAn, we saw him.
,, zi'(l/>a»i(inXha.m^, ,, ,, them.
X'/ ■u'd/xinuiwiihAn, you saw him.
,, zi'dfximd-wŠLhnmg, ,, ,, them.
o 7V('if)a/U(iw{ih'Amn, they saw him, or them.
A7// zvCihama, {waidlunnaii) I see him.
,, nihea, {uehead) I put him to sleep, cause
him to sleep.
,, sdiiiii, (sa/di'/ad) I love him.
,, j/'ni>-euima, '( /an..iiii) I hate him.
,, Jhitiitiizva, y';!H..ad) I hate tv) hear him.
,, mniotazL'd, • ;:ti..(iih I like to hear him.
,, ndiuiazL-a, {nu'an..iid) I hear him.
,, ('r.n-uui, {(imo(t) (emziHid) I eat Jt (some an.
obj., e. g. bread.)
,, -Midiirema {zvad.Md) I live with him in the
same room, am married to him, her.
Exercise.
Nin ^-i-zudhaniag nibrjcc ahitiddjiiai^ antnniixvi-
trdinig-otiii-; kin dash ki gi-wdbama biji^ inini en
dajiatdnding (at the market place). Ki wdbavui-
■u;ag na ii>i'zv in{nizi'a}( i^aie ikw&u;a^ baddssomo^-
s^ctjig? knangi, nin wdhamdndnig: Axv iku'C mi-
notiigosi nairarndd, jiba nin yri-nondazva gi-naga-
nwd. Kitchi mi no ^'tjigad; kitchi nagamozvag bi-
ndshiiiig, ^^gct minotdgxvddini o nagamd-winiwa,
nin kitchi minotazvag, nin jingitawa dash kokoko
(owl). Ki gi-nondawag na ga-nagamodjig anamie-
wigdmii>ong? E, nin gi-nondawag anind dash ku-
*-
•win 'urzf^tn' nas-amossfnai', osatu liiuiiifahina^ mi
i^auuiifini ( thev sinj^ too' fast).
Azi^ ilzve o nibhni oniii/auiss^nsan m(iiiizi.ii/iii
nfdjiu. A'/fijiiii, niii f)iii\uu\ uiu -wi-ttmzva puk-
-vciij(au i>aic nin zvf-mhijin zviiibs. Azf in/ni ki-
trhi sus(.[^-/s/ (is very miserly), osd/n o sd'^ntu (or,
o miuu'cniman) joniiiiH. Ki'xci-am-uti ua 'ii/i>o, ^w-
tiima atikameiT (white tish ) udnima 'tia/n^i'vs.^
(trout)? (f't'i'T/ nin 'ui-amziuj^, kitrhi mindpol-osi-
zcu/jr s(i (for they taste goo.'l). A/ 'wi-amnui'ii- ""
op/nti^/ hdzc'in nin wi-amwiissii;: A-w il-wc '<> /ii-
hhi sagiilbanin o nafxfmfhanin^kuzfin liash ndn-
livin ontihanissi, hizvin o zvin'idi^amissin inini-
zviin. Wiiii^r nn azi oshki- inini? IC\ zvUiii>e sa, bi-
hononj^; o gi-auiinii^-zuhiiu-^mCtn h^jii*- ninio-ijizv^hi-
smiiijin oshkin/i^ikzven, Afan'c Cfinihisonui/in. .\zv
mini o /ini>ennndh(inin nossihanin (mv deceased
father).
Dost thou hate that man? I hate him because
he is a bad man. Don't do that! Hate sin,
but love the sinner. Christians! love (iod and
your neijjhbor (kidj anisJiinilbhva^) I love the
^ood and I hate the wicked. Did vou hear the
sinyers? Ui€i>timdiij'ii>- also n(ii>(itndzt'ininizc(ii;; na-
.; 'j.'!kzi'<'ii-). I heard theni last Sunday'; thev
sinfjf well. Are those laborers hung-rv? Thev are
very hunjrry, they ate very earlv in" the mornin^r
and they worked hard, therefore thev are verv
hungrry. Ye men, who have worked so hard,
what do you want to eat? We want to eat meat
and potatoes and bread and soup (nabdb). Well,
come in and eat. That priest does not speak
well Chippewa. I hate to hear him. That woman
speaks three languages, (nissin^ bebakdn inzvd azv
ikzvc), she speaks English, French and Chippewa.
Do 3'ou like to hear our chiefs when they ha-
rangue their councils? We like to hear "them;
K.-
as
_-r_r .
K ȣ^Wt^'^
-;r 'if
IK " '
Ihoy sinrak well. When <li<l he msirry':' He mar-
ried hist Monday? Where did he marry? He mar-
ried in thf church. Whom did he marry? < Azvt-
ncnaii i>it-zvidii(emd(iJiH? ) He married my ohler
sister, named Jane. Where do they reside? They
rcsiile at Odanah.
Intkkmkdiatk Exkkcisk.
Animate .bjcrt.
Dithitative fourth Cotiju^ution.
I perhaps. .. .him <u/oi>^
thou ,, , M
I ,, ..them (uiojiC(*ii(i^-
thou ,, ... ,, (l(/(\li<'ll(l/r
he ,, .. him mlof^huin
., ., ..them ,,
ktiwin . . • • ussiiloi(
, , . . iissUivi(^niiii
,, ..tissi(toi(i'iiu>f
l\i -vabiwu'uhni na nin pupa? Dost thou see per-
haps my father."
/uiZL'iii nin zvdhanuhsidoi>; perhaps I do not see
him.
Mdkija ki kikt^nimddoir*^nai( if^izi' paku'^Jiganikc-
zcin/hizfaii, perhaps thou art acquainted with
those bakers.
Xisfmne o kikcni}ndiit)i>-^nan inizv pakzvfjigdnik^zvi
ninizvan, i)erhaps mv younger sister knows those
bakers.
Ki zi'i-iianazvdbamadoiy^nag- ii^-izc kitchi azv^ssiiuir,
perhaps thou wishest to look at those largo
wi!d animals.
Ki ^i-pakitizvddo^ na nimissc? Hast thou perhaps
struck my elder sister?
Kazvin nin i(i-pakit<fzvdssi, I did not strike her.
Ka na John o gi-bashanjfzvassin ningtvissan pitch i-
na^o? Did not John whip my son yesterday?
Og;ipakiliwadogenan, perhaps he did strike him.
*^ ir:i^f^'
miw
r^%
■^^»g\.. 4:.-.T^'-
22'»
IV-rhaps thou didst not tell that to my dau^rh-
ter l>erhai)s he did hunt for the cows. Perhaps
J.»hn did not see thy father. Perhaps I will nil
see those men to-morrow; perhaps thev have irone
^irjnV''''Vv'r^''''''^C''''-^'^^ I»erhaps I forjfot thos.
.hi Iren Did not Mary jn^rhaps treat her mother
:V V •^"' /^*' ^'^**^*' ^'^' ^^'^'"- I'^Thaps thou
art afraid of my large dojf (nimidiu No, I d,,
Twi, " ^^1?' '''f' ^'"^ ^ f^'^'" ^**^"'-'^ «"<! wolves.
lerhaps thou lovest th<»se Ikjvs? I l<»ve iro,«l
v'hiidren. ' ^*
UiUem. (umahatch nni M'-»"'^^^'/^''hio:ii',iai>- 'offend
ed) Nnnn;niro^-. AfUrhi o irikashkhuiamnUio^hun,
ossau ^i^aie of>n,. hazvin mi ki zii-wniassu/oz \'('<'n
<izi' kcfnnairisni iuhil? X/„ na-vihuhioir />afinAr/,.
<iss^ra,e ptd'zi'(/,i>-a„. /u ,^/.j(izv<<,,/w(h/oi. irw ahi-
noii,,. haiviu mn ^ai-hnvthiimih^i. Mii^zLctrh ki i'/
W>K h>j^Man,i6 ( i^jrhaps thou "hast thanked
LESSON XXXIX.
The hufiratize Mood, nti>ativc form, of the
fourth cou/uiiiitiou, acthe voice.
Note 1. To form the indicative mood, neirative
form change the characteristic vowel a into r/5s-/
to which are to be added the termination of the
affirmative form with zv before them, if thev
begin with a vowel: f. i.. kazL'iu niu zvahum^s^^.
wanan, we do not see him.
Note 2. To form the ohj.r!
perfect tense add to the singul
'yf^rfive plura! of the
ar
KK'y f-
ini-
vazvni
:k dL
n^l";'
^rr'-K
nin ■wabamdssiban, I did not see hitn; kawin niu
wabamdssibatiig, I did not see i/iem.
Present tense Imperfect tense.
(ISSl, ^
«55/, g
(issin, n
rt55m'ana.n I'g
(issi2va.v/a, ,£>
rt55/7:'awan, n
Jndicutive Mood^
a55/ban, i^
<i55;ban, tg
j55/banin in
a55/a'anaban, ig
a55wawaban ig
a5S wawabanin in.
Present tense.
»»
»»
n
»?
5»
Kawin nin wdbamdssi, I do not see him.
,, wdbamdssig', 1 do ,, ,, them.
ki wdbamdssiy thou dost not see him.
,, wdoatndssig, ,, ,, ,, ,, them.
o zvdbamdssin., he does not see him, or them.
,, nin {ki) -wdbarndssiwduan, we do not see him.
,, ,, ,, ivdhamdssiu-dndnif*, we do not see
them.
lii wdbinndssiwdwa, you do not see him.
,, u'dbamdss>zvdtvag ,, ,, ,, ,, them,
o 'u/dbamdssiwdwan, they do not see ^/w, or
them.
Imperfect tense.
Kawin nin wdbumdssihan, I did not see him.
,, wdbamdssibanig^^, ,, ,, ,, them.
lii wdbamdssiban, thou didst not see him.
,, wabamdssibanig, ,, ,, ,, ,, them.
o wdbamdssihanin, he did not see him, or,
them.
.. nin (ki) wabamdssiwandban, we did not see
him,
,, ,, ,, wdbamdssiwandbanig, ,, ,, ,, see
them.
,, - ki wabamdssiwawdban^ you did not see him.
11
11
11
-231-
Kawin,, zvabinmhsizcawdbanig,,, ,, ,, ,, them.
,, o ■wCibamdssiwawdbanin^ they did not see
him, or, them.
Nin windamawa, {ivan..ad^ I tell him.
,, wawindama-wa, {freq. ivaiaw . .ad) I promise
,, ^ , him.
M nakoma, {nek.. ad) I promise him, I answer
acceding to his request.
,, ptstndawa, {pes.. ad) I listen to him.
,, anona, {en.. ad) I employ him, hire him.
,, assd, (essad) I put, place, him.
„ anamUtawa, {en.ad) I pray lor him, adore
^ . . . him, bless him.
„ apiUmma, {ep..ad) I prize, value, him.
,, ntssitotawa, {nes..od) I understand him.
IVissdkodewiku'd, {an. pi. g) half breed woman.
Assab, {an. pi. ig) a net.
Ginibig, {an. pi. og) a snake, a serpent.
Jtngwdk {an. pi. wag) a pine-tree.
Wagakwad {in. pi. on) an ax.
Wagakwadons, {in. pi. an) a hatchet, a toma-
hawk.
EXKKCISE.
Ki gi wdwlndamazva na Kiji-Manito tchi wi-mi-
nikwissiwan matchi nibi? Nin gi-wazvindamawa sa
gaie nin gijindam tchi wi-ganaw^ndaman iw nin
ivawindamagdivin (my promise.) Aw oshkinawe
fcawtn o wi-pisindawdssin mekaUwikwandien gegik-
wenidjin. Aw Otchipwe-anishinabe kawin o nissitd
tawdssin Kitchi-Mokomdnan, Ki nissitotawa na?
Kawin nin nissitotawdssi. Aw abinodji kawin o
ntssitdtawdssin mekaUwikwanaien ikkitonid. Aw
«: >^^
issitotawdssiwdwan keklnoamdgenidji,,. , ^ninm
kid assdb? Omd nin gad-assd nibikang. Kdssinan
.^ ,
e4
232
o sugi'an i'in/djdn/ssiudniu, zvcwdni o kikhwama-
zi'dn iinainidwiti.
Dost thou value that man? I^o, I do not value
him. He is not as good as people think. He is
avaricious and proud. Do you see those fleas ipa-
bigwiifr?) Yes, I see and hate them, they bite
much. You can understand my father. Did those
men understand always our deceased priest {ki
mekaUwik-wandiemindhanin? ) They did not always
understand him; he did not speak Chippewa well.
Dost thou understand what those Indians say
when they converse together {gcgandnidiivddjin? )
No, they' talk too fast, when they converse to-
gether. What wilt thou eat? I wish to eat meat
and potatoes and bread. Are there many snakes
in thy garden? Tuere are not many snakes in
my garden; I killed many.
Intermediate Exekcise.
Animate object.
JJttbitatize fourth conJui(ation.
kaivin assinddoi>'
,, assiivddo}(
,, assinddof^dnag
, , assizvddog 6n ag
We perhaps. .. .him anddog
you ,, ..him uzvddog
we ,, ..them anddoginag
you ,, . . ,, invddoginag
they ,, .. him azi'ddog&nan
they ,, . . them aivddogiuan
,, assiwddoginan
, , assiwddoginau.
Waiba nin ga-wdbamddog ni'ssdie, perhaps I will
soon see my elder brother.
A7 ga-Tvubamawddogdnag Wini'bigog enindjig ani-
shindbeg^ perhaps you will see the Indians called
Winnebagoes.
Ninigiigog nidkija o gi-mazvddissaivddoghian mc-
katiwikzvandien^ perhaps my parents have visited
the priest.
Atshtui^uig o gawidjiwau'ddogdnan iniw ikzvdxoan
,,P^P^P^.»nj sisters will go with those women'
gdnan miw hekaddnidjm anisKinabeH, ^rhaps these
cooks will give something to those hungry Ir-
,- . (lians.
/ttf «« ki ivi-dihaamau'dss[wddogdnag intniziaa- cn-
okilondgog? Do you perhaps not want to pay the
,,,,.. ,. , men that are working for" you?
Makija ki ga-gissikawanddoginag aUikosldJi^, per-
haps we shall come in time to the sick,
(before they die, or leave).'
Perhaps you will overtake Henry and Geortre
before they leave. We may see the farmer some-
time to^ay; perhaps he is still here in town.
Perhaps you told those men to work harder {na-
watch enigok tchi anoklzvad.) Perhaps you hate
those people. Perhaps they will do bad •■ . those
men; perhaps they will fight them.
Note. In historical narration the followintr ter-
niinations are much used: dgoban, he...him; he.. .
them; agwaban, they.. .him; they.. .them; and
their corresponding negative forms: dssigoban
and assigwaban; f. i. Josue nanan kitchi ogimdn
ntssdgobau Josxxe killed five kings. Juddwinini^
wag jagodjiagwaban PhilisUwininizvan; the Jews
conquered the Philistines.
LESSON XL.
The Subjunctive Mood, affirmative Jorm, active
voice, of the fourth conjugation.
Note. To form the objective plnral of the sub-
t "^^^^
^^ r
'•^
■
■v--'^
'^
4 'V
-U.
,j^jm
^
. "
■^f _rf
^1
1
■>%! -«1^2
3"
a' f ^
SŠ
/ «
?^- :>..y<
<.
•r ^
mm
^:
'&-M
^M
-234
junctive mood for the first and second person,
add wa to the objective singular; f. i., kishpiu
u'dbinnag, if I see him; kishpin wd/xuHugwd, if I
see f/iem.
/^resent tense.
aji, ag7va
aii, iidzva
dd, (id
(inj{id, (inifidwa
uut^, augwa
Cic', eii'uui
dwad, dwad
yUiferfect tense.
agiban, agwaban
adiban, aawabun
dpan, apan
angidiban^ angidwabau
angoban, angwabau
egobiin egwaban
awdpan, aivdpan.
I
»1
Subjunctive Mood., Present tense.
Kishpin 7fdbuma.g, if I see him.
,, wdbanidigwa., if I see them.
., Tvabamsid, if thou seest him.
wrf^tfwiadwa, if ,, ,, them.
■u>dbama.d, if he sees him, or, them.
wdbamangid (n/nuivind) if we see him.
Ti'dbaniRngid-wd., ,, ,, ,, ,, them.
wdbamding, ikinawind) if we see him.
,, wrf/^tfw/angwa, ,, ,, ,. ,, them.
,, 71'dbamegy if you see him.
,, Tvabatneg-wd., if,, ,, them.
,, 7vdbatna.-wa.(l, if they see him, or, them.
Pluperfect tense.
Kishpin W£/Aawagiban, had I seen him.
Ti'tfdr/w/agwaban,,, ,, ,, them.
w«^aw/adiban, hadst thou seen him.
tftf^«wadwaban, ,, ,, ,, them.
■wabatnsiTp'dn, had he seen him, or, them.
wadaw/angidiban. (ninawind) had we
seen him.
,, had we seen
them.
»1
»»
wa/^rt/wangidwaban,
)1
235
Kishpin WYz/^t/w/angoban, {kinawind) had we seen
-. , him.
WY/A«;wangwaban, „ ,, ,, seen
, , them.
wafxwiQ^ohvin, had vou seen him.
ziv7/^rt;;/egwaban, „ '„ ,, them,
w'rt^mawapan, had they seen him, or,
... them,
Min munddjia, {men. .ad) I honor him.
,, kitchitzvinvhiima, (keL.aii) I respect, honor,
,.. , .,^. , , glorify him, in thoughts!
Aina odapina, {zvcd..ad) I receive him, take him.
„ tdkona, {tek..ad) I seize him, take him.
,, tangina, Uaiiin..ad) I touch him, Latin iani>o.
,, tani>ishkawa, {taian..ad) \ kick him.
^eb(jigdi!:anji\ {an. pi, ^) a horse.
Memdngishi^, (an. pi. I'ajr) a mule, or, ass.
Exercise.
A^n manddj/u, nind apiUnima t^aie aw inlni, iw
mino ijiw^bisid (because he is good). Kawin nin
zvfodapindssi azv ikwe tchi andmU-zvidig;cmdirihan,
matchi ikzviwi sa, ningotchi onabcmi, kazvin mashi
i>^i-nibdsstwan o nabdjnan. Takonddiban azv mini-
zvish, assddiban gate ^ibdkzvaodizvigdmigong, ka-
zvin o da-gi-nissdsstn inizv mino ininizvan. Inini-
'^idog, kishpin tangineg azv ikzve ki gad-animisiin.
^^ii^in nin wi-tanginassizvdnan, nin ga-gizvimin.
iKinddniss, bidon zvagakzvad, nin zvi-mdnissd. Azv
mevidngishizvish o gitan^ishkazvun nissaidian. Ka
na azv kzvizvisinsish o gtfangishkazvdssin oshinUi-
an? Giget o gi-tangishkazvan, nin ga-kitchi-bash-
anjizva. Kishpin ningotdii zvCibamadzvd zvabosog
bi'zvindamawishin (come and tell me.)
Dost thou see those rabbits? I do not see
them; I don't see well. Last night the policeman
took two thieves {gemodishkinidjin) and he put
# • »tli*
-J
s:
k
M-7^
^aawnswrwi
^''^'^
2M>
them in jail. All good Christians honor their
priests; the pagans fear him. That dog bites; he
IS a bad dog. Hast thou a cat (XvV/ aiiizi'n lui m'l-
jagens? or, kid ogiijaginshn ina?) I have no
cat; I hate cats and dogs, I don't want them.
The fox is very deceitful {u"ii(;'hig-^shk{). Some
people are deceitful; they usually deceive their
fellow-men. Wolves and dogs hate each other
{jingenindiwag). Thou shalt love the Lord, thy
God with all "thy heart.
Intekmediatk Exekcise.
Inanimate object,
Duhitative sixth conjugation.
I i>erhaps it, nddog sinddoir
,, ,, ....them, nddoginan
thou ,, . . ..it, nddog
,, ,, ....them, nddoginan
he ,, it, nddog
„ ,, ....them, nddog&nan
Kazvin o dchzvdtansinddog iw debwizvin, perhaps
he does not believe that truth.
Mdkija kawin ki nondansinddog nind inwdwjn,
perhaps thou dost not hear my voice.
Nin gad-ojindanddog na nibozvin, will I perhaps
avoid death?
Ki jinghidanddogdnan kid i/ftchig^winan, perhaps
thou hatest thy doings.
O sdgitonddoginan keidbi bdtddozvinan, perhaps
he still loves sins.
Ki gi-bonitonddog na gi-washkzv^biwirJ hast thou
perhaps given up drunkenness?
Nongoni o babamdndanddog atddizvin, perhajs
now he minds (practices) gambling.
Azv abinodji mdkija o mimvdndanddoginan s/sibdk-
zvaddnsan, perhaps that child likes candy (pieces
of candy).
sinddogdnan
sinddog
sinddogduan
sinddog
sinddoghian.
237
('cvrge o i>i-7t'cbinatiddofr uiiWifruin. lunvin
mas/n Mary o ^lii-odapinimshuidoi^ anamidzL'in. Kit-
'U'tn o zvipishnia,isiu(idu^(Min nind ikkitdwimm.
Juiu'in ki de-irotdnsimidog^nan batadoxvimm. Ki
gi-machi-dodaHddo}r kiidzv (thy body, thyself).
Uiarlc^ nihiwa wakdigamm o gisakamiddoir^mm
(I>erhaps he set hre to). Ki gi-tchairisanddog nin
masimugan (i)erhaps thou hast burnt my book)
I\i bitonadog nin dagwhhinowin (thou'awaitest
perhaps my arrival). O gi-bidonddoir na hhn
Did Mary abandon jierhaps her relitrion> I
i^^^xH"'"'^' P^'^haps she did not abandon it 'yet
Did John iierhaps break those doors? Perhaps he
did not break them. Did Julia perhaps drop those
dishes? (I drop It, let it fall, ;//;/ pangissiton).
bhe did drop them. Perhaps thou art ffraid of
small pox {mamakfsizL'iH). Yes, I fear that sick-
ness Is that girl afraid of measles? {miskwaj^-
zvni.) She fears not measles, but small pox sie
fears very much. Perhaps all Indians fear small
^^''J^ Ji^'^^^'^'^'^iifogdntin.) Does that man fea.s
death? Perhaps he does not fear it.
m
'V~^
LESSON XLI.
On the Subjunctive Mood, negative form,
of the fourth conjugat'on.
Note. The terminations of the negative sub-
junctive, are the same as those of the corre-
sponding affirmative form; after the characteristic
s;Fllables tm/ zc; is inserted before the termina-
tions; t. 1., kishpin zuabamag; kishpin wabamdssi-
Tt-ag.
w
K v..
?f'
238
/Resent tense.
/us/ipifi K'tfAtfwassiwag, if I do not see him.
,, «'rtAr/;wassiwagwa, if I do not see them.
,, wrf^rtw/assiwad, if thou dost not see him.
,, wrt/^awassiwadwa, if,, ., ,, ,, them.
,, cftf/^aw/assig, if he does not see him, or,
them.
„ K'rt/^rtw/assiwangid, ininawimi) if we do
not see him.
,, w'<7^«;wassiwangidwa, ,, if we do not
see them.
,, w<7/^awassiwang, {kinawind) if we do not
see him.
,, Ti'rtAd'w/assiwangwa, ,, if we do not see
them,
w^^aw/assiweg, if you do not see him.
wrt^««/assiwegwa, if,, ,, ,, ,, them.
zt'«/^f////assigwa, if they do not see him,
or, them.
1»
Pluperfect tense.
Kishpin wrt^aw/assiwagiban, had I not seen him.
Tfrt^rtw/assiwagwaban, ,, ,, ,, ,, them.
zfrt/^</w/assiwadiban, hadst thou not seen
him.
zt'rt/^rtW/assiwadwaban, ,, ,, ,, ,,
them.
^<?^^/;«a9sigoban, had he not seen him,
or, them.
zi'rf/^rtw/assiwangidiban (jiinatuind) had we
not seen him,
zfrt^rtw/assiwangidwaban, ,, had we not
seen them,
rr^/^^f/wassiwangoban {kinawind) had we
not seen him.
tfa^aw/assiwangwaban, ,, had we not
seen them.
-230-
/uV hp
HI
r7^(/;;/ussiwegoba
a-rf^rtwiassiwegwaban, ,,
had
you not
seen
him.
seen
„ «v7<ir/;;iiissigrwaban, had they not ^^eTn
\T- ... , W\m, or, them.
^in noiium, {nzvadjimod) I recover, am cured
„ noiijnnoa, (nzvadjhnoad) I cure him, cause
!•• . him to recover
„ nodjnnoizi'e, {uzvad..ed) I heal, cure
„ nodjimoton, (nwad^od) I cure it, repair it
'H^ntma (en..ad) I think of him, I intend
him; It IS my will that he should....
miku'^nima, (mck..ad) I rememberhtm' ^''"^'
M
viikzv^ndiin, {meL.an^) I remember it.
(indmikazva, {eu..ad)l salute him.
^//wr/, (wejnnad) I flj from him, I avoid
„ (Itidjia, iaiandjiud) I change him ^^^'
-r) .f ;^y''^«' {aian.,od) I change it.
Ichitchag {an. H. wag) the soul.
'^'wjst, {an. pi. iag) an old man.
4!!- 'T'"} ^"''' f' '"M) an old woman.
Abmodji, {an. pf. tag) a child.
i\iti nibau\ {nahawid) I stand.
Nin panqissiton, I let it fall, drop it.
„ pungishima, {pcn..ad) I let him fall, I drop
„ nnglshin, {ien..ing) I He on somethinr. ^""*
"■^//■f/- /i' <^^^«"««^ I lay or put him down.
" ^^^^'^/1«' (A«..««^) I put it on, (clothinir).
., gtsikan (gas..ang) I take it oif „ ^
BMUazvagan, {in. pi. an) a coat.
nizvakwan, {in. pi. an) a cap or hat
t
k
-240-
■"'^.
■\U
rf
^
> .^
EXKKCISK.
Kishpin 'Mlihannhsi^oban iuizv ga-ivashkw^biufii-
jin ininiwau, kuziiu <ia-^inls/ik(idisissi. Azi'^nen
ge'hisik(ini( iiv bahlsikaivauan? Awigwen. (iana-
ivinhndsslzve^ wii ki tchitrhiigowag, ta-kagige-kiti-
mdgisiwag. 'Azf^nen geuaziruimassig o tchitchtig-
Tvan? Mi sa metchii/i-u'^hisid, mi aw genazv^iii-
mdssig. (fisikan iw geU-ivtwakwaUy hisikan dash
iw os/ikiwiwakzian. Nifi ga-hisikan ktfjidiiie (im-
mediately), iwi-nodjimo tnc anikos/d, minu himddi-
si dash luhigom. Aosse, nodjimoton ihiw, nin ki-
tchi dkos. Anin eu^nhnad azi> ikwe? lchi a-u'i-zir-
hiui^ed eaie tchi dndjitod o bhmidisizvin, mi cnfii-
imag. Mojag nin mikw^iiimag nin kitishnibanig
(my deceasef4 parents). Naninghn mik-w^ndau kd-
eigd kotdeitozvhi andmakam/'g. OJirndssiwadwdban
beshi'gzi'ddj bemddisidjig (living adulterouslv), /'/
da-gi-matchi'ijiw^bis. Aw akiwi'si -wedi udhazc'id,
'nt' sa noss, azi' mindimdie dash mi aw ninga.
Didst thou let the kettle fall? It is broken {bi-
goshka). Those men lie all day in bed; they are
lazy. Lay down thy child on the bed, that it
may sleep. Is this my son'" hat? It is his hat.
Put on thy hat and coat; let us walk about {b
bdmoss^da). Where is my coat? I don't kc
{Tibi'idog.) Will that sick child recover, Fat)- ?
It will recover, if thou ta'.est good care of it. If
thou lovest it, take good care of it.
Intekmediate Exercise.
Inanimate object.
Dnbitative sixth conjugation.
kazvin siminddog
,, siminddogenaii
,, sinawddog
We perhaps.. -.i minddog
,, ,, them, minddogcnan
you ,, it, nawddog
,, ,, them, nazvddogdnan
,, sinawddoginan
snt:.A'^F^:AiiiuL jmcmCI ^ ^risa
^,
-241.
thev
it.
O gimatchi.d6damido}r „;nhc. He treated me bad-
^'<uf<>ir od anamiczvinizvu. Perhaps \hX^Y!^Z
w. • I ■ ■ . ^*'' ^eep well their reliLnon
ahadjltclu^anan. Perhaps^you have not used well
<^> j;/--uv/«//.;;.r^,/,/^^V;/.,« nin makisinan IJ".)// W
ujiganan. Perhaps they have lost mv shoes ami
mag^.in? Do you not remember perhaps my
h'a na nin gi-anokUunshnhuUh^ nin St^^
Have we not worked i,erhaps our land?
Perhaps those men like drinking and smokinir
They hke smoking isa^assz^^^iwin), but T th"n^k
they do not like dr nkinir ik'izvin ,h.\i, ■
^.dansinazo^do^ .ninikJz.ln^:"v^ " ^\
think) those women lov. purity, but those ^irls
k.ve dancing. Did you nund "well the sermon v
Perhaps we did not mind it. Did you Sam
lose some books? Perhaps we did-^oslsome
Did some men kill themselves? {() J-nL^^Zi,
nia zt'ncizi'izvan anind inimzvas)'^ (nKlliT "
nn.?) Perhaps some did kil? he^seh es theS'"
pUte'^v^'No' -^«" Pf^-P^ break thos" dbhe 'and
pates? No, we did not break a sintrle dish nr
plate ikau'ingdnag^ hOig ond^mn. l^uLit.n
^?r"
-242-
..I'
i
JS.
* VST"
?lteg
LEsSl) I XUI.
/'articiplcs. affirm 't'^ form and artivc voirt%
oj //•.
J
conjugation.
Note 1. In Chi >,>cw.'. relative clauses, as re-
marked on a forncr m sion, are expressed by
partkiple». Many ♦iirtwij .'s ar.* used as nouns,
f. i.
endmiail, a Christl-n, lit. i, -ue who prays;
enaniidss/'i^, a paga i , </ . i does not pray.
kei'/nda nidged, a teaciier:, ^n ■ >i , teaches;
i^eg/i-u'ed. a pieachf r, ., *,» who preaches, ex-
horts.
Note 2. Some of these participle nouns, have
dropped the last </, of the participle form, re-
tainini^ «mly the "Change" f. i.
)nek'ai(fzL'ik-ufandie, instead of nickat^wikwandicd, he
who dresses in black, Black-gown, pr'^st;
nicmdngishe, instead of memangishe^, he, she, it,
that has large ears, a mule or ass;
heh(j!i>6ganji\ instead of baieh(jig6gauin\, that
which has one hoof; is not split-hoofed, like ox-
en, sheep; a horse.
Note 3. The relative pr<moun may be either
the subject or object of the relative clause, f. i.
Class I, I zvho see f. i. the Indian;
,, II. the Indian, whom I see.
Note 4. The participles of the I Class we will
call relative subjective participles; those of the
II Class relative objective participles.
Note 5. By dividing all the participles of the
active voice into these two distinct classes, w«.-
hope to facilitate greatly the learning of said
r^M. .1^4
243
participles, a task which is otherwise verv hard
as the writer knows from exi>erience.
/ (Vass.
h'e/athe snbjerthr participle.
Note |i. In these participles the relative pro-
n.»un: who ..r which, is the .s/M/Vr/ of the tratn
Intcit Enifhsh clause, f^-r instance:
I, who see him. them.
thou „ sees ..
he
Note 7. The terminations of the relative subjec-
tive participles are exactly the same as the corres-
IKmdintf terminations of the subjunctive m^HMl.
/ lease remember this important remark.
Prtscut tense.
yin Tvaiiibatu'dg, I who see him,
„ Tvaidbamn^yfvi, I „ „ them,
A-/H Tva/dbam-dil, thou who seest him,
,, TvaiilbatH!Ldv.'SL„, „ „ them,
:t7« 'wa/abamM, he who sees him, or, them,
ninawind Tiaidbam-Atigid, we who see him,
„ u'aidbamangidv;{i, them'.
Ainazoina rvaidbamsLng, we who see him,
„ w/z/VMr/wangwa,., „ „ them,
A'/tiawa Tvaidbameg, you who see him.
„ ww(rf/>r/;«egwa,,, „ „ them,
•ii'inaTva zvaidham-M\}\g, they who see
Imperfect tense.
him, or
them.
Xiu waidbamiigihsin, I who saw him,
,, zi'aidbamagw Ahan,,, „ „ them,
A'//i ti/aiabamadihim, thou who sawest him,
,, zftf/VM«w/adwaban,,, ,, ,, them,
tf/« tt«/tf*tf#«dpati, he who saw him, or, them,
''>i
..-C,
:s.
y
If f^^ -^
'*?^-»
Jt *7f
244
ninawind wrt/V/^awangidiban, we who saw him,
„ wtf/V/(^a;«an^idwaban, ,^ ,, ,, them,
kinawind zvaidddtnangohsLti, we who saw him,
waidhamangv/ Ahan,,, „ ,, them,
kinawa Uf(i/d6amegohan, you who saw him,
,, zfa/V//i«;wegwaban, ,, ,, ,, them,
■u/inawa wa/V//;^/;«apanig, they, who saw him, or
them.
IVin mina, {vuinad) I give to him.
,, ind, {enad) I say to him, or of him.
,, pagidina, {feg..ad) I let him go; also, I al-
low him.
,, v;Us6kawa, {was.. ad) I frequent him, keep
company with him.
,, dodavja, {end.. ad) I do to him, I treat him.
,, mina dddawa, I do good to him, treat him
well.
,, matchi dodazva, I do bad to him, treat him
badly; also commit impurity with him, her.
,, tchibaidtigoni^c, {tchab..ed) I make the sign
of the Cross.
sdkaan, {sekaang) I light it, f. i., a lamp.
hodddan, {bxvad..ang) I blow it out, extin-
guish it.
Migwetch nind ininhna, I am thankful to him,
,_ , grateful.
Mtg-wetch ntnd hid, I say thanks to him.
Wdssakzvandndjigan, {pron. wassakonendjigan) a
lamp, candle.
Exercise.
Kin saidgiad Kijd-Manito, ki jawendugos. Wi-
nawa saiagiddjig zvidj anishindbdwan mmo doda-
niog. Kinawa waidbamigwd ketimd^isidjig, ki da-
jawfnimdwag (you should help them). Nosse, kin
■waidbamddiban nossiban, anin ga-iji-nibod? (how
did he die?) Kossiban gi-mino-niho, gi-zucbinige.
»»
«»
o gl'cddpinan gaie kitchitwa Etikaristiwin bwa ui-
hod. Ams/intcUedog- endmiaiejr, naningim waidbo-
megwa enamnlssigvg; apigish mino minoamaweg-
zva Jgizv mumuijig g^go kethndgisinidjin aidkoli-
mdjin gate, o mindwan Kiji-Munitdn. Wa-min,^^-
/ige/Mnniodedieg ki da-mindxvag (jSu should ijive
with a good heart), /gr^. muichiininiwag o^^nl
sctdjig b(}jtg ikw6wan, ta-agondwag «^/;/>w;/ ( thev
will be hanged now). Endmiaicg saiCigicg-^dl
■u^idig^magantzi'ag gaie kinidjdnissizca^, zvezi'dni
TTi'T""^''^' /r-^, uidmou'cid ge-ondji-thnddisizvad
^^ f.-Pvr^''l ^^''^. ^^^""^^^ to live). Saidgidd-
Jig hij^-Mauiton, m, go gaie widj anis/undb^^-wan
o sagniwan. \U,iid,dnissiieir (ve who have chil-
dren, ye parents) meno-gana'v,!,iii„e^u'd kiuidjd-
mssiwag, h kUchi mino dodawdwag mino oaia-
'v6nnnegwd (you do good to them in taking good
care of them ). Ninidjduiss, sdkaan ziHissak-wauind-
Jl^'"\J''3'^''' aui-tibikac' Xongom bodddan zvassa-
kzvanfudjigan, jaigwa wi-wasseia (waban). U7,ia-
zvamtgzvetch mddjig Ki/6-Manit6n uuiishkaziddjin
dTimT ^"^^' ^^* """^ "^ hedjg^gel mino do-
O Mary, thou who prayest for all sinners,
^T^u^^y^-'- ^ ^""^'^ ^^o didst die for sinners
Kbauita-didug ganibdtawadu'd) have mercy on all
poor sinners; give them (;«/>) the grace to re-
pent and to live a different life itchi andji-bimd-
distwad). Make the sign of the Cross whenever
you enter the church and whenever you go out
( pamiiMgon anamiiwigdmigong saidgaam^aon
.p/^) They who do bad to their fellow-men, of-
fend God; but those who do good to them, please
him. Ye children who anger your parents, vou
will suffer; but you, who obey them {bebdmitdwe-
gzva) you will be for ever rewarded for it {kinri-
f M
-24f»
*n
/^'
1L>-'
^N
11
^H'iiuiii>- ki ttaii-otidji (iihtuitiuii^ow). () Jesus, v/ho
didst die ft>r all men, have mercy <m them! They
who love and honor Jesus, they also love and
honor his mother Mary. Those j/arents, who pun-
ish sometimes (r//V///) their children when thev
do somethinjf bad {ir^iio jnetrhi-dodamiuidjifi)
they hrinjf up their children well.
Intkkmkdiatk Exkkcisk.
Animate object.
Dtihitathe fifth ronjui>atioii.
We .... it, mimido^-
,, them, mimhlo^hiag-
you .... it, mwcidog
,, them, inwddog-^nag
they . . it, nazuddog-^nan
,, them, iiazi'ddotr^naii
lurwiii ssim ituidog;
,, ssiminddog^nag
,, ssimzvddog
, , ssinnvadog ^nag-
, , ss/ii<i-u'ddoi>tfu(ifi
, , ssiHdwddog-^tiau.
IviiuizL'ii endmudeg kiizt.<in ki de-ap^nhndssimzvddog
Kiji- Manitd. Perhaps, you Christians, you do not
hope enough in God.
(ham kid apinimomu<ddoginag- ogozv intni-wag: I
think you place too much cimfidence
in those men.
Kdkind na o pijikimiwan o g-i-atcizvendzvaJi na?
Did they sell all their cattle?
(tanabdtch kazvin kdlhid o gi-atdwHsinawddogf-
nan. Perhaps they did not sell all.
() gamigizvcudwan na nihizco joniian? Are they
going to give much money?
Euizvek nihiwa o ga-migiwhiazvddoghian. Thev
probably will give considerable.
Kinazvind dash, kawin gzvetch n/bizt'a ki ga-m/gi-
zvdssiminddog. But we, 1 think, we will not give
much.
Did you borrow fifty dollars? No, I think wc
borrowed only twenty dollars. Did your children.
perhaps steal my apples? They did not steal
^k^
them Did th,.se boys steal them? I think thov
^ul steal them. Shall thev ^u to the priest^
to that p(,or, sick man? Perhaps thev went Did
you ^et our kettles, axes, and other uttnsilsv W
Kot our axes and tools, but perhaps w. d d not
get (fetch) our kettles. Did thi farmers s"
^|*ttie. but they did not sell their h<.rses Did
they ^,ve much jx.rk, bread, and money? Thev
pve considerable (nnuri- uihhva) pork an;i
bread, but I think they did not ^ive nS mo"!
Rksume.
/Ui.i'm mas/u; pdnima api ta-zcsmiiwau /ohn ,-
/nn; o kik^mJamhUw. A,fr.,i.„i^.,... ...JJ "A"^^^''
Mi-M'Mtm.zvefi- .w katechim. Ki .i-mint%%t
leterinn-nadm wchsak^andndjii^an. %akua d/i
^/<i.':.r;/; uaudon^au, m'ngzviss. AV;/ .nt-JaLS
>ua.va^ InwiUfdidJi^ tclu frnu'^nhXfr^:,tr%
1 M.uumanj^i. dash metatervikwandiev '^^ik- .
■iViidjm Amn ^a-inik azc ik-we? Ako^i ^k^'.s ki
naiidawdnimifr «,/ ...../.•.•/ r^- t"*.' , ^'-'-^-^- -*'
^i-ivindamag na
11 ill /.-i'. A.^^o." \r-
mindaw&nimig, mi i>aijid. Ki
Wr/ ««; in/Hi nihzvakdzL'au ^aie "o^ifdM.
Ga^wabamigog tkwi^ag mino iLdwi^^^ag Mi
ssati.
azv
i .7t
M
>^1
inini mino-kikinoamuzL'ui. Mi sa igizv i>a-matchi'
iiiijinifki\i; mnnaia. Ki ivi'ividdhhnin (I want to
sit with thee) zvew^ni tchi gandninan. Kid inin-
dam vii tchi widighniian? KawHsii! Kawin ha-
pish ki -uu-zi'idigemissinon. Mi sa igiw wdhimidjig
(they are vhe ones who sleep with me). Wezv^ni
nin pisinddgog dassing gcgikweidmn. Ki jfi-tati-
"iiAkdg ifia (kick) kihcMjigoganJim? Kazvin ini-
gok nin gi-tangishkd^ossi. Saidgiidjig nin inino
doddgog, igiw dash Jdngenimidjig nin matchi do-
ddgog.' Aiiin cji-glfigiik? Eniu^ek niino gijigad.
fuJia ijtnikdso \or ind^. Anin minik eji-dibaamok
iiu-andnik inini? Bejigwdhik ashi dhita nind iji-
'liihaamag hidasso-neningo-gijig. Ki minin giva-
ndtch iL-iivakwan.
y
-^.-^^C
"'i _" rSr*.
LESSON XLIII.
Participles, affirmative form and active voice, oj
the fourth conjugation, {continued).
II. Class. Relative objective participles.
Note 1. In these participles, the relative pro-
noun is the object of the translated English
clause and is expressed by whom, which; these
pronouns are ojten omitted; f. i. the mart
(whom) I see; the singers (whom) I hear.
Note 2. When the object of the Chippewa par-
ticiple is in the singular number, the termination
is exactly the same as in the subjunctive mood;
f. i. aw inini waidbamAg, that man, whom I see;
-249-
ww ikwe j4a-uomiu7va.d, that woman whom thou
didst hear (hast heard). P/ease remember I
Note 3. When the object (antecedent) is in the
plural number, the syllables iir, otr, /ig; are lid-
ded to the termination of the "sing-'ular number, f.
i., igiw iniuhi'ag waidbiimag'x^, those men whom
I see; iirhv ik-u.'6-wag ga-nondawadyi^, those wom-
en, r'vhom) thou didst hoar; anishinCibeg sah'wh
(ingog, the Indians (whom) we love. P/ease Re-
member!
Win zvcidbamTi^, he, whom I see,
TC'inawa Tvaidbumngi^, they, whom I see,
zvin w(iidbam?id, he, whom thou seest,
■winazva Tvaidbamadjig, they whom thou seest,
inizv waidbam-ddym, he or they, whom he sees,
7v/n zvui'dbam&ngid, he whom we see.
Tvitiazi'a ~u>a/db(Wia.ngidjig, they whom we see,
zvin waidbama.ng, he ,,
wi'nawa zvaidbajninngog, they whom we see,
Tvin wiiidbameg, he, whom you see,
■winawa jcai'dbamegog^ they whom you see,
m/w 7vaidb(imaiwa.d}inj he, they, whom they see.
Note 4. Instead of the personal pronouns win,
wiuaiva, he, they, a noun or demonstrative pro-
noun often precedes the participle, for instance.
anishindbeg waiabamiigig, the Indians (whom) I
.. , . see;
■pijlktwag wiiidbatn^gog-^ the oxen you see;
inini-wag nudndazvangog, the men"^ v/e hear;
ogmv waiabamadjig, those thou seest;
igiw keMnimagig, those (whom) I know.
Mi igiw ikwdwag ga-mhiagig pakwdjigan. Jni-
niwag gu-wabamagig jiba, gi-madjdwag. Ki gi-
inag ina kwiwisinsag, ga-anonadjig, wewhii tchi
anokiwad? Mi sa ga-inapwd. Mi nu iniw inini-
wan wa-anonadjin kigwiss? Mi sa iniw. Awdndnan
At
5 A.
t/
»1
-250
^^ ^v
^" it.
'\>
*X.
^s.
wa-anonaziHidjin igiw nij kitig{'j.'inini-j.<ay;^ Pierre
gate Paul, mi iuizv gedandnazvddjin. A-n'in^nan
gaassiidjin takouig^zviuini gihdkzvaddizvigdmigoui:;?
'.uangi
ka ki g'ossdg na (dost thou fear?) tnainganag,
ifciie makzc'dg, gaie a notch eji-winsodjig awHsiiag?
Enangi ka, nin kitchi gossag. Kazvin ki songi-
d<*t*si. Azv giossizviuini o ginissan kdkind makzvdu
ga-v.<ahamddjin. Jtidazviuiniwag o gi-sassai>dkzi'azi'd
wan. I )eh^n iji^cnfdjin gajinirhiiniazvddjtn. Azv i-
nini o t^i-kitchi-pakiUzvan oshimdian jang&nimddjin.
Anindi ga-6nd^.ieg (where did you get, procure)
kokosh gaie pakzv?iigdnsag emzvfgog (which you
fi^X'i) Atdzv^zvigdmigong nin gi-ondinandnig. Kina-
zva saidgidssizveg Aijd-Manitd zcaidhamdssizi'eg,
kazvin ki sdgidssizi'dzi'ag kidj anfshindhezcag zvaia-
bamigog. A in niino dodazvag saidgiagig, nin ma-
tch i dddazvag dash jdngenimagig, ikkito azi' enami-
dssig., Anind anishindhekzveg o matchi indzvav
zvidj ikzvizvan gegaw^nimazvddjin (whom thev en-
vy).
Where are the children whom you saw yester
day? They are gone home. Didst thou see that
wild man {pasfzvadj anishindhe^ whom we found
in the woods^ No I did not see him. How does
he look {anin ejind^osid)? He looks like a wild
animal {aw^ssiing ijindgosP). He has a very large
head and teeth, he is very hairy {mishdkigan)
he is very dirty, he eats like a wild animal, he,
never uses a knife or fork when eating {zvdssi-
nidjin). Do you always help the poor you see?
No, we do not help them; we help those .whom
we know and esteem. Whole tribes of Indians
have died out. Who stole the new kettles we
bought yesterday { ga- glshpindnangog pitchindgo? )
251
I don't know. Dost thou understand the ludi-.n^
With whom thou art talking i ire»oJ//l ^ iT
others I do not understand. Did the bovs st,erc
the money I jfave them? They spent it! ^
Intkkmkdiatk Exkkcise.
DuhiUuive form oj the VI Conjugation.
wh^c^l!" ^■^^''^ ^'^^'•b^ "f the sixth conjugation
which end in en, /;/, on. form the subjuncUve
mood and participles, dubitative, like verbs of
the hrst conjug-ation.
en^in'.^/ ^fcr^' t '^V>'^ .conjugation, which
t-na in r/;/, form the subjunctive mood and oarti-
ciples like verbs of the second conjugation ^ ?Sa
IS, they insert everywhere mo. be forest he o'rd in a
ry terminations of the first conjugation, fi
First (onjuiration. Sixth Vonju^ration.
A^X'^/Vowanen
<*;^X'//<>wanen
Ikkito^yj^n
^kkitovfnn^Q^n
^M'itowa.ngen
^i'kitowcgyf^n
<^X'/7^wagwen
/-^/v/wwambanen
//•XvW w am batfe n
/^•Xv/ogobanen
/X/ivVowangibanen
fkkitowiingo banen
/^/f//<;wegobanen
/X'X7/<> wago oanen
H aiti/faHc/etmoviraimTi
• "^t^aidfianitdmo-wanen
'waidhandaxno^Mv^n
^uidSafiddmo-wangen
^aiddanddmoyvangen
^(lidfiaHdamowegwan
^'uiddatidamowagw en
:t'«/^f/«^/</mowam banen
^dddndtimowam banen
rt'«/6<z«f/«m6gobanen
ri'rt/^tfw^/amowangibanen
xy«/^««f/fmi6wangobanen
:frt<^rt;/^ffmoweg;obanen
^r//^««r/«mowagobanen
Note 3. The participles have the same tPrmi
Jierson p.ural, which is >«otr^^„„^, nlo^■rl/,mfym^.
\t'
J'
5 . v-»iC
: P'-
I ^
-252-
¥
-ti
IN
i^
^
irv.
LESSON XLIV.
/ (ir/ic/p/es of the negative form of the
fourth conjugation, active voice.
I Class. Subjective relative participles,
negative form.
Note I. All the remarks made about the parti-
ciples of the affirmative form apply also to those
of the negative.
Note 2. The terminations of the subjective rela-
tive participles, negative form, active voice, are
the same as those of the corresponding subjunc-
tive mood, with one exception, namely the third
person plural, for instance:
Subj. wrtdrt;wassigwa, if, (that) they do not sec
him, them.
Part, tt'rt/V/'drtwassigog, they, who do not see him,
them.
Subj. waArtwassigwaban, if they had not seen
him, them.
Part. w«/V/drt;«assig6banig, they who had not
seen him, th;m.
Note 3. The same exception applies to the par-
ticiples of the affimative form, for instance:
Subj, wtf^ffw/awad, if Tthat) they see him, them.
Part. zfrt/V/^rtw/adjig, they who see him, them.
Subj. zt'fl^aw/awapan, if they had seen him,
them.
Part, wrt/a^rtwapanig, they who had seen him,
them.
Note 4. As the other terminations of the stihjec-
ive relative participles negative form are the
ame as those of he corresponding subjunctive
253
irave all fh« tJ • V- ^''^'np'e, abovewhere we
// C/ass. Objective r<'/«//zr participles,
HCfrattve Jonn.
Present tense.
Inini waidhamk^^K^^^^ the man ^whoni) I do net
inini^a^^- waiahamk^^i^^^^i^ the men ., „ do noi
inini z.«/iM««;issiwad. the man, thou dost no!
in:ni^a^^r x..,;VM«„,dssiwadjig. the men, thou d'o^t'
n'M ior) ini»i.,a^, ini^., z.v..V/^.,;.assigon, ""** Th^
-/«/-.>■ ^...assfi^^n^^^jr,!" tTe ' men^ Te
mini zi'(iidbcinrd.'^s\yffea- th*. ma« j ^*'* ^^^'
man, men etc.
mperfect tense.
Innii -^a/VM«,«^ssiw^giban, the man whom I had
'nini^a^ W3...dssiwagfbanig, the me^n^'whoSl
-nni z.a.V/^„;«dssiwadiban. the man^hou°etc"'°-
t *-
■25^
■■:4
.'r^>
ininiivtig 7f(//(i^(/;;;assiwa(libanig, the men thou etc.
/'w/«/, ininizva^, iuiw wtf/V/Auwassigobanin, the
man, men, he.
inlui u^c/Zci/x/wassiwani^fdiban, the man we did
not see,
infuiwaf( :r(//V/^f/wussiwan|^fdibanig, the men we
did not see,
in/ni :ff//if/^^/;wassiwangoban, the man we did not
see,
ininiwag U'(//VMr/;Massiwan|j^obanig, the men we
did not see,
////;// 7i7//V/^^/;;;assiwegoban, the man you did not
see,
ininrjua^ 7frt/'<Mtf;wassiwegobanig, the men you
did not "see.
ininiy inhifwai^^ iniw tt'tf/VM</;;/assigwabanin, the
man, men etc,
iV/w nodjia, (nwadjiad) I prcKure it. an. obj. by
labor,.
,, nissdy (tiessaU) I kill him.
,, dmijintina^ {wend ad) I kill him for the
»ake of, f. i. religion.
,, dndiua, {weudituid) I get, procure him, it
from, out of.
,, takdbina, {t€k..ad) I bind him.
,, mindjimdpina, {men.. ad) I bind him.
,, aba-wa, {aiahawad) I untie him.
()^iddkaniig, -wagiddkami^, on earth.
iJehwiwin] {in. pi. an) tne truth.
(riivanimowin {in. pi. an) a lie, an untruth.
^»75/55 {an. pi. og-) the sun; t/bih' jci'si'ss, the
moon, night sun.
Exercise.
Dehwitantog kdkind anamU-dehwlwinan n-wand-
aniigon (which you hear). Giget nin debwetdmiu
kdkind d&bwixvinan nwdndamangin. Ogiddkainig
^ri^k-
AenmUifis/a/i^. kazfin ki Lntti-,j\hsim ir/jiLnniu U.
'uissmi-uajr memiiuLrhhfinu- /m :i ,tt "''?'.:'":
anis/nuab€fr, ki jazvend\\irosim.
. Those who will not listen to the priest nrp^.-i,
mg they will never know their relfg on &^:
'Ikes drinkin{r, poor is the drunkard's wife.
Intermediate Exekcise.
If, or that, I.... him, Khhpin
M
■>^
he.,
ti
' them,
.me,
they ,,
thou. .him
M ..them
he ..thee
they., thee
./a
. iziuuf
.ad
.ad-u'd
. ikwa
ass/zi'(ii>-
(issrwaitzi'd
iss/i>
ass/zvdd
(isshtadwa
issiiioi>
issiuot>wa
Aamu ,„„ gasUiUssh, M,i ■^■abmnaK ««■ Mui I
xaninag. If 1 see anywhe?^ thy older brolherff
^
I*!,
^^ \
y^.
K
/urufin o fi^ashkUdssin aw I'w/wisffis k/ii wdbamul,
kazvitt fraie tchi nondawUi. That boy cannot see
me, nor hear me.
O gihhkiton i-oss tchi wilhamik. Thy father can
see thee.
I\ishim6iai( kazvin u f>ashkit6ssin(lu'(i tchi wahnmik-
zvtl. Thy younger sisters (or brothers) cannot see
Kishpin ■wlsCi^ilssino^zviiy kazvin gaie kin ki da-
sdgiihsig. If they do not want to love thee, then
neither shouldst thou love them.
I can see him, but he cannot see me. He can
see thee, but thou canst not see him. If they
s|>eak angry to thee, go away, don't mind them'.
If they do not make thee angry, do not leave
them. If they told thee that {wittdamokzuii) they
told the truth. If those children will not listen io
thee, thou shouldst punish them, (kishpin wi-pi-
sinddssinogzvd. ) If they struck thee, I will punish
them. If they abandon me, I will never come
here again. Even if they hate thee, thou
shouldst not not harm theni {kazi'in ki da-ondji-
matchi-dodawdssig). I cannot speak to those ma
nufacturers of pottery {ond^anik^-xinlniwatr). If
he speaks well to me", I will answer him' well;
but if he talks angrily to me, I will not answer
him at all.
A'Js^
-257-
LESSON XLV.
Formation of Diminutive nouns
s, ns, ens, ins, ons, wens.
Rule I. The termination j, i, a.idi,! t,. „ „_
.i»,mau and immmaU. that oml ,„ L „ H ;
an accent; the mimale hav,- "' J' X ",'„''""
mate «„ in the plural, for instSmc " ' " *• '°''"'-
Muunttckigm, an image, picture; m.Mulu^,,,,^,
TV%1 ""*= "''"•"*""" » sm^nT.ilii."''-"'"-
n:Jn,"ihit''U^^xv';"iur:i'\r'Si.'"r''''''''
l°he%r'arroylt?a'nc*e° '""'""""'• "■" »"« " "-
%"«<J, a chief, pi. „^,„,„^, di„. „^,^„,„^ ^
Osmn.,.., a young man, pr;!'' dfr"L'S
■■"pi %??'"'i'' P'- '"''^'■"' ''™- •'*"'»^- '""''°'"
Rule III. The termination em, is a<l.l«I ...
those a,„malc nouns that form their nlural h
thepiSrJftho'!,'' '^"^ '"'••!'"■''" ">a« aSd"':, t
me pjural, those in ffan w thout an accent z,aa
according to the Rufe I. for instance: ^^ ''
hdkosh, a pig, pi. kokdshufr, dim. kokosh^n^, a
voung pig.
^'nJZ^ fhlt &T^r;i^ra? f^i 'aud"t
the ,„«„,„,„/,, ,ha. form it Tn ,>,, for iiJšta„°t
*.V/
hs ^>i
.•;4i
M ' '3^
258
.155///, a j^tone, pi., assi'n/g, dim., assmins, a
small stone.
.1;///, a spear, ,, </;////;/, ,, ani/ins, a
small spear.
Rule V. The termination ons is added to
nouns that form their plural by adding og or
zi'ug (when these latter terminate in a consouatit
in the singular,) or on for instance:
Amini>\ a star, pi., andniyo^; dim., (/ndng-ons, a
small star.
(iin^big, a snake, pi., giiUbigog; dim., irinibig-
ons, a small snake.
Jingivaky a pine tree; pi., jingwiikwag, dim., y/;/-
gTi'dkous, a small pine tree.
Udgui'zi'ad, an ax, pi., zvdgdhvadon, dim., zvagd-
kwadons, a small ax.
Rule VI. The termination 76'^;/5 is added to in-
animate nouns, which make their plural by add-
ing zvan, for instance:
Oddna, a village, pi., odhunvan, din:., oddnav^Qti'^,
a small village.
Botdgan, {an pi, ag^ dim., boldgans, a small
stamp.
Biminigan, {in pi. an) ,, biminigans, a ,, auger
Masinaigan, {in pi. an),, masinaigans, a,, book.
Kijdbikisigan, (in. pi. an) dim., kijdbikisigans, a
,, stove.
Maktvd, {an pi. g)
iVis/iinie, {an. iag)
,, makwans pron., ma
kons, a ,, be?*r.
,,nis/iiwrns, my ,, youn-
ger brother or sister.
Pakadk've, {an. pi. iag) ,, pakadkwens, a,, hen
Pijiki, {an. pi. zvag)
Anzvi, (in. pi. n)
Mlgxvan, (an. pi. ag)
pijikins, a,, ox, or
cow.
,, anwins, a ,, bullet,
,,inigwanens, a ,, feath-
er.
SSSMS*?^!^-:
9^.
Assci^, (an. pi. ig)
Ophi, {an. pi. ig)
Aklk, {an. pi. og)
Ajibik, {in. pi. on)
Makdk, {in. pi, on)
25'^
Mltchikan, {in. pi an) dim., mitchikanins. a
fence*
Bodawan, {i>i. pi, an) dim., hddawunens, a small
chimney.
,, ass(il?ins. a small net.
,, opiuins, a ,, potatoe.
,, akikons, a ,, kettle.
,, lijibikons, a ,, rock.
,, niakakons, a ,, box.
EXEKCISE.
A7;/ ga-mUiag i^iii-w abhwdjliag atiiud masiui-
IcIuQav^u. An nidi niiid opwagaus? Xi,i zvi sa<>(h-
s'ud, Ttbiidog; mdkija aziiia o iii-mad/imiii.
Antn endashtwad ogimdnsag owd od<'nazv('n-
stng? AJsstwag dta. Anin ejinicdsozfad ii>izf oiri-
munsag? John, Peter, Mike ini cj/nikdsozl'ad. An-
Hltcll
nin
.: f^"--- -•■'. ". ,fi/»n/f«. ivii i,ci Tiniiafaniss ir,i~
ahizi'uugcd. Am <>ad-iiui uetdb tchi bhuid enddtea
lii-awason bi-uibawiii bfsho tchii>dii kt/dkisiWni'
'"^•r '.","". ^' S'-'^'f*^' '-^' ^'i/cibik/sioans k/kfnoa-
madizvi^amigong? Ni,, sa, nin i^i-aton, i>-^Prt oni-
jnhin tw kijdbikisigans, uanwahik (^^.o6)'mi ena-
gnueg (,t costs five dollars). Aw inini o i>i.
pashkiszLun bdjig kitchi makzc'dn gaie ni/ makdn'^an
^mikzvansan). Au'inen wddaiadmid inizv mida^szvi
fakadkwensan? Nin sa, nind aiadnun>, nin dib(^ui-
mag. Pangi Ha aki nin dibendan, ' niu zvi-kffioe
(fash nongom nibing, mi gaondji-ojitoiau mitchika-
iiem giwitaii nind ak/m/ng tcht pimiighsiazLa ti-
jikizvag gaic kokdshag. Migzvanfnsimr iii mino,\i
»n, mosTizvi^ns. Bigos/ikd-wao- kid akikdns/mind'nip-
l>/J'g- gcruanddisid (crazy) ikzvc o Ln-bJiizcazvai,
(broke them). ^
How many cows has thy father? He has Hve
I.-
h
260-
*H
i>«
"a
\rSX
i^ „
cows and three calves. Does he make much but-
ter {totoshdbo-bhnide)? Yes, he makes much but
ter, which he sells in the store. Did their yountf
pigs eat his potatoes? Yes, thev ate many pota
toes. My house is built (stands) on a rock ipaUi.
kide). How many small boxes hast thou? I have
three small boxes. Where are thev? They are in
my small field. Did they give away (donate) all
their small potatoes? They did not give all; thev
have some yet. Christians enter the small church
in this small village every Sunday and pray well.
Give him those small bags {mashkimoddnsan). \
have given him them. Shall I give him also
some bread and meat? Yes, give him much bread
and meat. Who made that small chimney? A
stone-mason, made it. Does it sometimes smoke
in your house {gikandmude na endaiiQ nanins;6
tinongin? It does smoke. He that made it did
not make it well, he made it badly {niamdni o
gi-ojiton). ' ^
Intermediate Exercise.
Participles.
He (hin) whom I win {aw) ag-
they (them) ,, ,, winawa (ieiw) uirio-
he (hill) „ thou...w/;/ ad
they (them) ,, ,, winawa adjig
he ... . nin id
they . . nin idjig
he ... , kin ik
they . . kin ikig.
I (me)
»♦ »»
thou (thee)
wm dssiwaj^
winawa dssiwagig-
win dssiwad
winawa dssiwadjig
win issig
261-
uin hsigofr
^iu /ssiuoiT
kin issindgig,
grood to that woman who does
I know .hL t "^ "'" ""' "^o (f-rt 'to Je"
keep ray word L^LTr "*' '"^' "'""^' «'"
not LsSst ,^^' ,^*? "!;" •""' "Charitable who will
s^ mf llZ '7^«--"<'""«'«'i-'W). Not all who
-erel> 'T?h;°eThiMre;'^^ho""'i„' Ji"w?-'f„
;a''
fe
XT'" *^m
K
y
■ *V. -4
262-
4>i ^ ^^>^
'■'^-
■-■Visv,
LESSON XLVI.
On the formation oj terms of reproach.
To transform a noun into an expression of coji-
tempt, the syllables ish, osh, or wish are added
according to' certain rules. In German and Eng-
lish the syllable ish is aho used to express con-
tempt, f, i. weib/5r//, kind/.sr//, woman/5/r, child/^//.
Rule 1. The animate nouns, that form their
plural bv adding ag, ig, or iag; and the inani-
mate, that form their plural by adding an or m,
take ish to e>vfess contempt, for instance:
Kzi'iwisens, a boy, pi., X;zc'ixvis(*nsa.g; kzviwisen-
sish, a bad boy.
/kzL'hens, a girl, pi., ik-wes^nsag; ikweshisish, a
bad girl.
Assdh, a net, ,, assah\g\ assabish, a bad net.
Abinddii, a child,, ahinddjiisig; abinodjiish, a bad
•^ child.
Akizv^si, an old man pi., akiwhsiisig:, aki-whii^h,
a bad old man.
Moju'Cigan, scissors, pi., morwdganan, moju'dga-
wish, bad scissors.
Rule II. The animate nouns, that form their
plural by adding og or wag (when the latter ter-
minate in a consonant in the singular) and the
inanimate, that form their plural in on take osh,
for instance.
Nabdgissag, a board, pi., nahdgissagog, nahdgis-
sagosh .
Mitig, a tree, pi., mitigog, mftigosh, a bad tree.
Akik, a kettle, pi., ak/kog, akfkosh, a bad ket-
tle.
'M.
— 2ft3
Xhkih,/ig: my eye, pi., «,i/rf/«y«oi,, uisH-wJ,:
«&.«, an eg^, p,., „v,-..,™„„^:^'i;rsb','1 S
Rule III. The miimale nouns, that form th^f-
tl\Z§' r/thl''^' •'"■^^" "-^ latter telinat;
fhat%r.rthe" ;itar"!"':,^^i-".,Lt: ;:™'t;s
to express contempt, for instance.
^>ir/«/^/, a chief, pi. o^i^hnci^ o^hmi^^'{^h, a bad
/nini. a man, „ /;;/„/wa^, /«/;;/wish, a'^b'ad
/i-^'^, a woman, ;, //-u-^wa^, />{.z..Avish, a T!i
'W^/. a river, „ ./^wan, ./^/wish, a badTivl
Oddna, a village,,, ^^^;,«wan, c../^;;,,wish, a bad
Note 1. The plural of «// animate noun"^fv'
pressing contempt, is formed by addfng T f ?•
Izc'iu'isifnsish a bad boj, .plural /rcvJ/viiz/ia :"
bad bovs; nifnru'ish, a bad man, plurat //V/V/ S
Hg; ;«//,^.5/., a bad tree, plural .,Lx>5.C
Note 2. The plural of a// imnumatc nouns of
^.^s^'Tbad'knTff 'r ^r^"^ f'' ^- ^-^ "-"-2!
ios/i, a bad box, mahU-os/ian.
ilpt '• '''' '""""'"^ ^^^^ -/' t" -P^ess con-
A7./V/, my foot, pi., ;,/,/^an, contempt; «/5/V/ash.
AV/.V/, m, tooth.,, .M/^an, ., X^l/r;
.V/.W.W, a bag, pi., ,..V./v>..^an, ^ttZZ'
mchUmwc/sish, a bad bag'
6
4
A ■
'<i
^:
-264-
' / ^?
.V-»u
4>^ ' ^3
t»l
:i.
■■^■^_
*.^
1
''^'->>i
^e^
Note 4. The following take sA to express con-
tempt.
A/fwi\ a paddle, pi., abwin, contempt; abivish.
Anzvi\ a bullet, ,, anwin, ,, anuish.
Note S. Sometimes Indians use these terms to
express endearment or humility, f. i: an Indian
woman will say to her little baby, carressicg it,
ningwisshisish! my dear little son!
Exercise.
Anin ejitchigiwad igiiv kwiwisdnsisha^r? Pagiso-
zvag (they bathe) Awi-zvindamaw tchi honi-pagi-
sozi'dd kijidinc; nin segis anind tchi gibzvanama-
bawiwad (get drowned). Xin gad-ijdnag. OJitodd-
nin atnvin, nin wi-baba-gidss,c. Mdkija nin ga-nis-
sag anind zvawdshk^shiwag. iVin gi-ojit6nan viidas-
sominag anwishan (bad bullets) gete-emikwdnan
nin gi-ondji-ojitonan. Aw iniui o wi-nodjian gigoi'
an; gigoishan eta o gad-agzidbinan. Anin endod
ang aw ikwfwish? Match i' dodam, matchi ddjinge,
winita^oiiy ininiwan naningim o gandnan, giget ik-
wiwisniwi {%\^Q. V& a bad woman). Anindi nin moj-
wdganish! Tihiidog; wMi nin wdbandan anama-
dopowin ''under the table). Nin wt-awi-pagidawd-
min. (we want to go fishing with a net) anind i
nind assdbiminan? Andmadopowin aia, mamdda
xvewib gaie viadjdda waiba tchi dagwishinang in-
daji-pagidawang (at the fishing ground.) Aw as-
sdbish bigoshka, bekdnisid dni-mddjindda. Anindi
gcd-ondinigdsowad nabdgissagog (where are
boards to be procured?) Ishkoti-tdshkibddjiganing
ta-ondinigdsowag. Awinen ga-ndnad iniw nabdgis-
sagoshan? Awigwen idog. Mdkija nissaii o gi-nd-
nan. Gi-dpitchi-banddad (has been ruined) uish-
kinjigosh, bejig eta nishklnjig onijishin. Awdneu
ga-gishpinaUoa iniw wdwandshan? Nin sa, nin ^i
gisJipinadonan, onijishinon gi-inhidamdn. nin gi-
265
zi'aiej/miis dash. Anishwin patdkisod (stands) kiti.
Are jou groing to that bad villajre? Not we
we are not going there; those bad men are ^JL
there m order to drink and gamble. The> d5
very wrong in going to that bad village. Hast
thou sore eyes? (kid akosiuun na kis/JujV^vu?)
My bad eye is very sore (uwd akosin Litcfi
school an^.'^^^'^'Tv: '^'^ ^^"^^ ^"^ t^^k fn
^ tha? fhl^''^"'^^ l^^"*^^" ^«"^^ P"°i«h them
n e! ?i ^^•'' ™^-^ ^^^"^e their bad behavior
Dost thou see that bad river? It is very dirty
men co3'^Ti"^- "^''"^^ ^^" *^«^^ drunkln bad
twT l^^7.'^"?"^ ^^"""^ the saloon where
Intermediate Exercise.
assizvang-id
He whom we .... -win angid
^b^y M ,, winaiva dii^idjig
we (us) he «///azi7W/ m///o/7/ issmamrut -=
,whomthey«/«rtzt7;/^//Vi«^////>-| hsiv.'dugidjig %
iissiwdifgidjig %
issiwangid %
assiwatig
assiTvangoi(
issinoTvang
issinowdngog
He whom we zvin ang
^^^y M M wina-wa angog
we (us), h^kinawind inaug
, whomthey^/wrtTiv;/^ iuangog
Kawin nin gi.^dshkitoss}min tchi 7nikaZngid «^
/;//;// ga-mnio-dddawndugid, we could not find
Trv . . t^^ "^^^ who did us e-ood
\\in<aca metchi-ddjimiidugidjlg /«-.7;;;wJ2l.;
those who speak ill of us will suffer
^^. . . ., ^will be punished).
/1/ da-sagianauig igiu- su/dgi/ssmowdugog yd„g^„.
t
/
.^-
.2f.6
/^
.:?»
^^
f\
imnianiroir gaie, we should love those who do
A-/./^- • ,,- °"* ^"^^ "s a«<J who hate us
A/5////;/ ^Kimdc/imaufizvdban i^izv Lm-k^imddimhuin.
gog, ka-ufin ki da-viindtchigesshniu ; if we
would steal from those who have stolen
from us, we would not act well
hJ«^^♦l"'^^^°^..'^^. .^^"^ yesterday are no longer
who'trecFt f , '"^'^ "^^"""'"^. '''^^^'^ The m^en
who tried to rob us are now n jail. We should
not forget those who love and remember us Dd
you visjt those sick women? They arc the ones
who did good to us when we wefe poor. Do "*«;
children honor and respect you? If they do, they
Z ^T\u^'^'^'^''' ^"* '^ ^"^^y ^'" "«^ h««or their
parents they cannot be good children. Those that
love us, do good to us; they help us. We do not
asTtllL*^.?' "^" -^^" ^^ "" ^""^^- We did Sot
ask them {kawin nm /r'-gaM^ddJimtissizvamhiig).
-»!!
■«.
^ Ik.,
LESSON XLVII.
Various other formations of nouns.
nZnt ^.u^fP^.^^ language is very rich in verbal
nouns, that is such nouns as are formed from
verbs according to certain fixed rules.
. Rule I. By adding u'in to the third perscm
singular present, indicative, affirmative fo?m to
tnT'[^ belonging to the first conjugation you
will have Its corresponding verbal noun, f i- ^
?/-i^'f '• ^^ t-'^"*^^ ^///V/^^win, writing, letter.
Madj^bnue, he writes to some one, mcfijihii^^J^nn,
or, madjibiigan letter sent.
2r,7-
Bidjihii^c, he writes, bhijibfigd^xn, writitijr re-
ceived; buf/ibn'uan, letter /rrehrd.
J(ru'indjit>€, he is charitable, jiru'<!ndjitii\\'xr\, char
... .. , , .. ity, jfrace.
•r^agirwe, he loves, iV/^'V/ztT^win, love.
^'!"": ^^ <leserts, i^//niwin, desertior.
O'/wodi, he steals,' i,/-/woV//win, stealing-, theft,
Kitimi, he is luzy, 'XvV/w/win, laziness.
Anzi'hiindiso, he repents, airw^uindisozi'iii, repent-
f'lififgito, i\L speaks, j^(ii>ii;-//o win, discourse, con-
1/'/ J J t . .. . vcrsatic n.
^y/iiA'amiu't, he robs, mahnidzci'wm, robbery
Waid/hifye, he deceives, xi'ai(/ini>t'u'iu, deception
cheating^.
Rule II. By chanjring the last syllable zL'ai>- of
the third person, plural, present, indicative, 'affir-
mative form, into ziin, we have its correspondinL-
verbal noun, for instance:
Migadizva^, they fight together, miaudmm,
('li-andiwag; they quarrel together, .;'/>«-^///r//win,
X. ,j. , quarreling; quarrel.
Uanonldi-wag, they speak to each other, gmuri-
,- .J. d/win, conversation.
Jinu-^nindizvaii; they hate each other, /hio-^uhidi-
.-...,. . «'/'«, mutual hatreo.
'^({ii/idizcuijr, they love each other, sfigZ/dmin,
If. v ,- ,, mutual love.
iicift^j/ndizi'dir, they mutually deceive each other,
If. . . J. '^'(li^/hidmxn, mutual deception.'
Mino dodadrwaa; they mutually treat each other
well, mino dodadizvin, mutual good,
D , _^, kind treatment.
Ru e III. As the verbs of the fourth conjuga-
tion have in the passive voice a passive meaning,
so also the nouns formed from said passive voice
fe
ij
^-'.
. I .9
268
They are formed by addinjf win to the first per-
son, singular, present, indicative, passive, endinir
in ffo, for instance:
Xin dlhaamd^o, I am paid, ciibaamd^ovf'm, pay
,». J..,, , ment received.
.\in (iibdkont^o, I am judged, dihtiitdtn'gowin,
.f. .... , , . judgement received.
Ant kikiuotnndgo, I am instructed, kikinoamdgo-
.,. , win, instruction received.
.\in mtnigo, I am given, I receive, w/Zw/gowin,
,r. , , ' 1 ., , 8^»^* received.
.v/« ;««/<:/// doddgo, 1 am badly treated, w/tf/r>i/
//orfiigowin, bad treatment received.
Rule IV. Change the final e- of the third per-
son plural, present, indicative, affirmative, of
verbs belonging to the second and third conjuga-
tions into wiu to obtain the corresponding verbal
noun. *
/Mdamog, they do, dddavioyi'm, doing, action.
Mtno „ ,, „ well, Afiuo,, a good action or
tr / A • deed.
.VI litem,, ,, ,, bad, Matchi,, a bad action or
Kashkindamog, they are sad, kashHidndamoyi'm,
.,, . , , , sadness, grief.
Sigindamog, they fear, sigindamowin, fear.
(hamtdonog, they talk too much, osamiddno^'va,
...... , too much talking.
(wtfdndamog, they resolve, gij^ndavio^'xn, resolu-
fndndamog, they think, inindamowin, thought.
Rule V. To form negative nouns, that is such
as express a negation, add win to the third per-
son singular present, indicative, negative form,
for instance.
Kawin minikwhsi, he does not drink, minikwissi
win, temperance.
ft:?S*-lr'.^5r^'T^,^'v*^.''TFJ?^«*,-^.^-^Tirjif¥t-i.^«3«MP*^^^^
A..«,i» h„ka„,i,„„u, he ,!,«, no. .^,_ ^„,^„„,,,„.
/.W/„ ,.c,a.„^,„,,, he c.nn.ri^ia'li'-Si:^:
A-«:./„ *W/.W„„,/. he doe/rtlieve^'S"
" ^-^'^'•^^^^jil.e, I saw across, .t/./.^;^^;^^^^^^
work si,„ifi,, h, 'c ^:^: i^\i^"[:^\^^i^i
AW «/v,^-,/,yAe, I burn coal. «A,toy«v/,, where
.. >«.W*«.e. I make winl"'^Li'2r-
.. «-.*/w<,^. I n,ak?Y;,lJr-^.S!^X.:
" '■'-""''"'- • '"riron^Ver^TWlS-rt
,. mklr^Mkok., I dig copper. ^/.^SSn!"
e^
¥■
^;jg^r-y^!7 »-L;»« iri A ; 4s %aHiita^i.g»7a:
Ri
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART
(ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
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I.I
1.25
ISO
2.8
■ 40
2.5
2.2
2.0
1.8
A APPLIED INA^GE Inc
1653 East Mam Street
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J.
'K^
.i--C.
Ki
fc ^ »■% ■■■-
270
first person, singular, present, indicative, affima-
tive, for instance.
Xind /uti'.i'd/nai, I am related to him, u/nc/ i/urui*-
;wf/gan, ray relative.
,, -whiigdma., I am married to him, her, iiinii
7vnf/i>-^>ii(iira.n, my husband, or wife.
,, zvhf/hua, I accompany him, her, ;//;/ zvidji-
zc'dgin, my companion.
Note. Verbal nouns ending- in gvwin, signify
an action done or doing-; those in g-OTvin, action
in the passive sense; for instance.
X/n d/haiimdgewin, my payment, 7nade by nie.
,, diddcinidgowin, my payment, received by me.
,, dibcikonigQVf'xn, my judgement, made by me
on some one.
,, d/bdJi'on /gowin, my judgement, received,
passed on me by the judge.
,, kikinoiinidgo.'wm, xtiy instruction, given by
me to others.
,, kikinoamdg6\f'\n, my instruction, received
by me from others.
,, pakit<figQw\n, my beating given to someone.
,, pak/'/^ogowin, my beating, received by me
from some other person.
X/n giodissig'on ki mddjibiigan (thy letter
came to me.) Aw^nen ga-ojitod izv matchi ojibi'i-
g-dzvin? Kazi'in nin, nin gi-ojitossin, mi sa nishi-
mcus ^a-ojitod^ kazvin v,'ezvfni ojibiigdszi. Aw jima-
g;anis)i gimiban, jdgodii. Xin jlngenddn jdgodU-
zvin gaie gimixvin. Kijd-Manito o ginaamdddn
(forbids) gimddizvin; ni'nooting o gakitchi-kotdgi-
an gemodishkinidjin. Endasio-gijigak ''makandzvem
omd kitchi oddnang; nawdtch mdnddad inakandwd-
zvin izv dash (than) gimodizvin. Anind Juddwini-
nizvao kitchi zvaiejingishkizvag; a minzvendandzva
zvai(;ing&u'in. Otchipzveg gaie Bwanag gaiat ( for-
merly) gi-kitchi-mani'igildizvag naningnn, ginanissi-
J
"^i
-271-
Fear the judgment of c'J %""'"""«'»"'lf'"'-
Do „„t feir ?^^"^:;U'~^?h.^f^^'"'"y•
metl; thev often A^A\Zh^' , J"''?™"" of
boy love instruction? H;'„oes3'Tt V^^ """
he is too much a,Mi,-S^ 1 ? ' '*' <'""'*) t,
««v), but hrs\i:;!f;ViSsinsP,YctiirTht"''^-
^•-e your present (received)? wrnVifeirv iV"
and we will take ^ood care of if rJ. ^ • 'F^'^
solve to trive uo drintV ? S* /-V Christians! re-
tions, but he hates h;/'""^ '^^' ^«°^^ ^^^«1«-
thinks bad; bad Noughts '^rf in'ht '^'^f S?^
thy son take the oled.lv vt. ^'^ ^o"'- Did
thfs morning afL? M^^s I h'ni' ^"^ -'^^ P^^^^^
hate*^ disobeSce S / V -'"''^- "".^^^^^ ^"^ I
unbelief; the uTbelS /.^^^^^^ ^^^^^
not enter heaven Where' arel^^^^^^^^^^ ^"°-
plane? I want to use them T do^ 't '^^"^'"^ V°^
the broom and sween ?I,"^ a S^V*""^- ^^^^^
itchhhatdig.'u) ^ ^^ ^"^^ (/^//^:^w/r%-^;0
Intekmediate Exekcise.
He whom you ^i-/;/ /^c/- i
thev • '^ • assiweir
he who " ■ ■ • •"^''/"''f« ^:^^-^.^ ! r/55/.t4oo
e> „ . . . „ u'num'a niegog \ issino^rko^
dadagov^a^ he who give? jou-'b^read does S
to vou.
■ar,- »
'^^
■->-4
"^1 ■
272
WUiawa vjiindamonigog izv enakdmigak, ki gfwa-
nimatdgowa,. those that tell you that news,
they lie to you.
Mi igiiv ^a-batdmindgog, they are the ones who
calumniated you.
Gi-niddjdwag ininiwag ga-zvdbamdgog, the men
you saw have gone away.
John, ga-mitto-dddazc/dssiTvegf gate Mary gi-nibo-
wag, John, whom you did not treat well,
and Mary, have died.
Mdkija kawin ki niino ini.iimdssiwddoginag jewin-
imissinowigog, perhaps you don't think weP of
those who don't help you.
John gaie Michael mi igiw nij wa-babdmitdssino-
wdgo^, John and ^lichael, they are the two,
who do not want to obey you.
They who esteem you {wfnazva epitiniminigog)
speak well of you, but they who despise you
ybatapinotdnigog) slander you. The two men
you met yesterday {ganaglshkawdgog) meant to
rob you («/« nidkama). The man," who struck
you, was killed. Peter and Henry are the men
that want to kill you in order to get your mon-
ey. The three sick children, whom you went to
see this morning, have died already. They that
come to see you are good men. Those that will
not listan to you and speak ill of you, they are
ignorant pagans {mi igiw enamidssigog gigo ke-
khidansigog). As you like that men do to you,
do you to them also.
Rdsume.
A
Ki ga-widokdgog ogow ininiwag waiabamikig.
ninai egodigwen nin babinsikdzvagan? Wedi abi-
Tvining (over there in the room) agodidog. Kash-
kindamodoginag na igizv ikwiwqgT Mdkija kawin
apitchi kashkendansidoghiag. Wendadoginan iniw
-27.V
pdshkisigihisan (pistols). Wahaiiiyki ^d-nv/xtmw/.
/uicfoii: An in eucndamogzvhi azi' ihu'e? (uiuabatch
ki -.vi-gauoni^odou: Xin n(i-Jau'(^nimii>- iia irw kc-
tchi-iiauid mini? Mdkija ki ga-j(nv<'nimii>vdoii:
A in gci-dil)tnnncig na azc mhinadniazv-d (inis/iiml.
be? (Indian in debt to nie) Mdkiju kiruin zcai/ni
ki ga-dthaamdgossidog. /i7 zvi-pakilcon "'' <'«' ini-
nnvis/i? Xin zvi-pid'i/i'onodon-; nin^ kitclii i>ossd.
hii'vin indki/a nin minn'iibamii^ihsimiuddoh;. Ki
ga-hailuinjc mi? Kau'in ki i>(i-bas/iiinjc(Qsinon.
hi-hpin zfi-miodjiicu ( fijrht me"; ki iiu-ziikzrair/ii-
mini in tchi nugdninago!>: /u i>i-zc-ahciniininddoi>-
iimgofc/ii ndniiiia. Aiiin i>ii-in(id}'imiddnei>zui o^-dzv
ikzvhvag? John o zvakaigun oi-'fc/i(ii>idciii /ibikonp;
mi gi-nhidjmiotazviiaiw-idziid\ An in Marv i>-ii-ioou.
zirn od dngoshcian? hndogzvcn; kazcm nin ni-iwn-
dazL'disig gi-gdiionidiwad. (koo metrhi-ig ozvCi> zi'cn,
kfgo vsani babumciidangcgon. An in H-kitozfdgzirn
ig-izv ikzi'&wag? Coninui nin matchi igomidog^ lui-
xi'in bapis/i ki matchi igossig: Lizzie- o /inli-^nimi-
g-odogrnan inizv ikzc'(^:vishan. Siigidzi'inr ha V<>7tt' a-
nishinabeg? EndogzL'cn: (ian-4dlch kazc-in %ictch
sagidssidog<!nag\ Ki sdg-iigv ag- na bcmddisid/ig
oma? Xin sugiigondnig dphchi. (Hi-jazvcnim<^eo^
anishmnbeg cipitchi ki sagiigdwag. K)'shpin zva-p>-
sinddssinozc'(*gzL'azceii ki\i>o gagikimakigvn (don't
exhort, preach to them). hi/d-Manito ^tadibdk'oni-
ge gate kinazvind ki ga-cibdkonii>oiian. Kije-Mani-
fo o dibdkonigezvin mi kinawind ki dibakonii>vzri-
11 man. Ki gi-zi'dhandan na nin mdshkimodash?
hazvm. hi gossd -izv aktwdsiish? Kazvin nin
gossdssi. Akosi na x.^uimens? Akosi. Mamakddj c-
Jiiidgzvak izv ki bodazi'dnens. Awiishin (lend me)
kid assdbins; nin zvi-pagidazva (fish with a net).
Pakit^ azf abinddjiish wesamisid. Xiud dkosinan
nibiddshan. Jatie od dkosinan oshkinjii>oshan. Abi-
iiodjiiag zvaidbatnagig kazvin nin mmzv<!nimdssi<r.
%
^^
274
Kishpiu anokitazi'ii'iDi ki }>;a-dihaamon zveiihii; zvi-
aiiokitawissiziuin dash la }><'^o ki i>a-miin'ssi)ioii.
h'a u'ika ni'ii gi-matrhi'-inassruuhidii'iii- /i>/zf iniiii
zi'ag mctchi'-iid/i»ici>o^:
m
ts.
LESSON XLVIII.
The Impn-atii'c mood, affirmative and fiei;a/ize
forms, aetive roiee, of tfie fourth eonjuoatiou.
Affirmative form.
Wdham {-.cabamakaii') s§e (thou) him, or, them;
zi'dham'xj^ (zLull)amakeg) ,, (ye)
zcabam-AiXdi, let us see him, her.
zfv7/w;;/adanig-, let us see them.
Negative form.
Kego zid/)ama.\cen, do (thou) not see him, them.
,. zrabamakegon,,, (ye)
,, zi'ajfamassida, let us not see him, her.
,. zc'adam-d.ssida.mg, let us nr*^ see them.
A7// /)/;/a, {hanad: imper. hij) I bring him.
,, h'ldoii, {hadod) I bring- it.
,, bia, ibaad) I await him, (freq. Inibia.)
,, bitou, ibatod) I await it.
,, nana, (naianad, imper. na/) I fetch him, I
go and get him.
.. nadin, {naiad id) I fetch it.
,, ganazvabama, ig-en..ad) I look at him.
,, giinazfdbanddn, (gen . .ang) I look at it.
., ganazvdbandis, (grn..od) I look at mvself.
,, ganazLdbandimin. (gen-djig) we look "at each
other.
t-^>',
-275-
yi» Mon^ru-dhanor, (i>rn..cci) I lo„k ..n; als„ /,/;;
„ uiauuihanni, (ei-..ad) I look out for him, cx-
„ (d'rua/uimfan, (ek-an^) I look out 10^?!/""-
./ ' J , . , P*^^"t it, watch it.
„ akamio. ^ck..od) I watch. I lurk, lie in ani-
.\kamio-.vhu',v. ian. pi. tr.,^) a watchman, senti"
nel.
EXKKCISK.
M/r/r. iKvi-uaJ kiuidjduhseus tchi sii>mm</az;a<>
(that I may baptue it.. Wezcih „i„ i-a-ndua I 7-
>>cva<> jre-.jkonad,,^ < who are t,» be sponsors, iu-
nv nhnwdjuau? Mi sa i^iz, nij hnuiz^a, Jaie ii
omnun unudjd,msimwii>, Anindi athvm!? Tihi id-
f • ■. ^'ji<>f^^^^^>' nioo: irauahdtch i>zi'analch ma.i-
nm.an ta-mnugos, (perhaps she will receive -,
nice book.) A ;../„.,„. niu gi-blududni^ ^ul^Lh-
^nuun^ ^ndko^dji^ tchi audmiHazvadz^t. Anunui-
pn,czvad? (what is their sickness?, Xii n,'k-' L
:m;> n^sszci dask Jdbokdzc'isiua^ (have the di.-.Vrh-
^u^nk,„„fj,i,,„,,.^.^,^ (iair k/mncn is^m also) od-
i>cwodamau'ig (intercede, prav for them ) r.;/.///\/-
iiimio- ananucmnirnsoii- ' say the rosarv for them )
>>M^ k^Mo pao/d,ydk^^,,,, tchi himo.shcad Pdnik.
n'KK MO'nma ii,hfk(Wi>- (do not let them walk in
snow or water.) Aztrncu azv iuin!^ Ui "
su azt
W-
1 '^..
7^
%
i:
T^-
,:t?
4-k^
276
mtoJ iiini:i.\ ini sa u/ji :<.'/(//i><*fH(/i>(i>i. Mino iiihii-
II' i iKi? (>ci>et kilclii mino ininizi.'i\ nitd-iitioki, kii
•will iniiiikzvhsi, kazi'in iitdi(cssi, kinvin ii/hth/ikdssi
I he does not ^-o about at nij^ht) zvc-wtUii o i>aii(i-
zcrniman o Jdniidman i>Tshkid(iJ{)i cnokidjiu.
Look at those women! They are proud; they
dress too beautifully (osdin S(isci>(fk7i(n//r7i.(ii>-)
Don't mind them, d<m't look at them, if thou
lookest too much at them, thou wilt fj;-et bud
thoug-hts iki i>tu{-oii/ssi)(onan matrhi imhidiinunji-
luiii.) Whom is that w'a chman watching? He is
watching those two men; perhaps they intend to
steal, so he thinks of them; therefore he watches
them. Those wolves are lurking in the woods to
kill sheep and those bears are watching the pi«rs
to jump upon them, to tear and devour t\ e n
tdii i>zc':is/ik:i':iu^H/:ni\izc'(i(/, tchi tdkuninidzcaii, tchi
^iddmzvdzvad i>;aie) Bears and wolves are bad
wild animals. Does the watchman like watching
< akdudozviu?) He does like it.
Intermediate Exercise.
If I . . . .thee kishpin iudn
inagog
,, ii>dian
iii'dieg
1 ? . . .
. you
we . . .
.thee
, , . . .
• you
,,thou
... me
.,you
... me
,,thou.
. . .us
,,vou
. . .us
issinowan
issindnagvir
igdssizi'iin
ig'dssizueg
iian \ issizvan
iieg' I'ssi'zi'Cg
iidng; fssizvdng
iidng; issizvdng
Joniia ki gii-miiiiti api minazva wuhamindn^ I will
give thee money when I see thee again.
Xin g-a-kitchi-minzt'^nd'.im kishpin ajdnamazviieg; I
shall be very much pleased, if you pay me
in full (pay me back),
Xdssinaii, kazi'iii uhi gashkitdssimin tchi dihaamd-
g-dian. Father, we arc unable to pa you.
-277-
Can
vou
not pay us? No,
w
c cannnt pay you;
we have no money now. When will vou' pay 'us '-^
ue will pay you dav after tomorrow. It vou
• •ve me, kec) my commadments. If v..u like me
1 will fro with you. It you don't want to lend us
any nv-nev .ve shall go to the storekeeper; per-
haps he will lend us money. If y,m help us now
we will never fori^et you. If you help me. I will
pray ior y,»u. If tho.i strike me. I shall strike
thee. It you hjrht us, we will shoot you. I can
not speak to ycm now: I am too busy iosuffi nimi
iOHhiniitu) I cannot give you any m.mev, for I
have no money. I can -ive you some clothes and
()od. Imt I cannot give y.m money. Can you not
lend us ten dollars? We shall pay" you had; very
socm. 1 have no money at all to lend you, no"t
even <,ne Dollar.
P
'K^
:x
Z
X:
LESSON XUX.
I'oiirth CoiiJniriifioH Aclizc z-o/rc
/nrn ttlar Inipeniiii r.
Note 1. Many verbs ending in ua change this
>iu into / in the second person singular, affirma-
tive imperative, t. i: nin nana I fetch him: uai'
tetch (thou) him! • '
Note 2. Verbs ending in ana, a/zcavs follow
the al)ove rule, f. i: nin pindigana, I make him
go in; pindigaj: make him go him!
Note ;. Verbs ending in ona also follow the a-
bove rule, f. i: nind auona, I employ him; auoi'
im])loy (thou) him! " •
Note 4. Verbs ending in imi form their second
person -mperative reguli:rly in case the verb cor-
«r
fST)
'""^s ».'..■
^:;
^\'
rospondinj^ to it liavitijf an inanimate object an<l
l)>.'lonjfinjr to thi' sixth ionju^ati* n has /nan, f. i:
///// zL'chind, I throw ///«/ away (IV Conjugation)
////; zft'/Hnan, I throw // away CVI Conjugation.)
Iini>erative -urhiit. throw him away I.
Note 5. All other verbs ending in tiia follow
the above rule, i. e. change ua intoy', f. i:
niti iiiina. 1 give to /n'ni (IV Conjugi-tion )
///// niijui'u'cii, I give // (VI C<mjugali(m ».
Imperative inij! give to him!
///// hiiiu. I bring fiini.
itiii hidon, I l)ring it.
Imper: live hij! bring himi
Note f). \'erbs ending in >>7/, change this ter-
mination into shi to form the sec«md person, sin-
gular, affirmative, imperative, f. i: ///;/ _i.v^s.s7/ I
fear him; i>'s/i/.' fear him.
N )te 7. \'erf)s erding doztui and rozra idzia r
zva^ simply drop the ozca to form the second
person singular imperative, f. i- ;//// piikit^ozvn,
(uiu pakilczva) I strike 'him; injperative pukiii !
strike him! PI. pakitt^oi^! iihi uiui>zcdozL'a in in
nin^zi'dzLii) I bury him; nini^zfd.' PI. nini>zv(i()i; .'
Note (S. The following verbs are irregul'ir in
their im])erative,
Xind (izfu, I use him (some an. obj); imperative
(izi'i: use hi in I
Xind iud, I tell him; /// (tell (thou) him!
Xind ondji nana, I kill him for such a reason;
ondji nani!
Xin pindii>ana, {pan. .nad) I make him '^nter.
introduce him.
,, nana (naianad) I fetch him, go to get him.
,, oddhdna, {wed . .nad ) I drag, draw, him.
,, nii)ia, (man.. nad) I give (to) him.
šf-l^-
-27')-
It
AV,
///
•^•(h/t/ii i:i(t/(m'/fi(i(/) I call, \ui\nt\ him
///zr/y/(/. uy..„aU) I conduct, lead, carrv. hini.
I carry <tr furn liim
out.
I let him
throw him
ii;*\ allow
hl'u.
away, it*-
ject him.
,, i^vascr, ( i^Tcr.s.sW) I fear him.
,, </.s\sv/, irs.satit I put him, place him.
., /naziuh/isstf, > nir:c:.S(i(/) I visit him.
,, o(//ss('i, I zcr(//ss(i(/ ) I jr,, to him.
., piikit^oxca, ^pck..zL<inl) I strike him.
., siissai^cU-ujozitt (mc ..wad) I nail him.
.. nfnozcaoziii, nieui>..zv(id) I hurv him
,, has/uDijiUnva. i />('sh..zi;-.i) I whip him.
,. ii/zi'anaoTi'a, i luizczcvd) I kill him,
,, fnissdnozvdozva, i hcs..zv(ui) I s'.rike him on
the cheek.
Exercise.
Marie, mij azv iniui ki ion Ham! Xi,ii>\', uin </-
mnia K w,„unna^ir. (ios/ii h'ijc-Ma„it6, ki^uo ia./i
Mossakcn watcin mavit'. tuiknui i>assidkii6u'ini,io
(m purgatory) ('bidjio- giji^on^i,- ,/,///, /Je/>e,niiii>V-
Hiu. yi^u/ni cnc matclii iuiui anamidz'.'indmivouii '
.\ nid(,;„ss /?/j o„ui ki„id/d,iiiise,is 'r/ii aHiimi/ta-
zvaf'- s^^a/e kimizi'i biuiir kiNii//dnissizL'ai>- aidko^id-
■i'S' ^^^'' •^'.r"''>^'''^«^:w/ (that I may baptixe
them.) Azt-i-nd, czv akik! Xiu ga-mlmi'. Palidiu
uzc' mini m',„o Ichi mddjad. Xiu M^i-panidimi triii
ij-rurd. Ilr/;/,7 azi- ,natrhi ikzve. kciro zi'idii>amikc>i.
kit, •, maiclu jnu'^hisi. Ijizi'ij aii' a: midji emld-
^uie. Maifg-i/, osdmisi k/j^u'issis, basiianji! WeiUd-
lamssiiejr, pakiti^og kid ahinddjifmiwair kishpin zv,-
dcbzvctansigzvd.
^
Vl
,.,A
^
1 ¥"*!»»:&.■ .•S3;«i"'5' l^-HMlIf .-T M.^'.^i i^trjSSRS-
l^-
2S0-
,1 \
John, hire (employ) that niati, he is induSw.i
ous mild aiioli ) l»ut ^ive him u little monev to
buy foo<l (niidfiim. Ye men, jmt that drunken
man out of the church. Nail tliose boards well.
Bury that man tomorrow morning. IJrin^ your
children to church that I may liaptize them.
Strik*' that misch'fvous boy <m the cheek that
he may mind Ur/ii (/r/ru'i'/(iui>). Kill those snakes
(l^/nt'/>/i>oii). Brinjf that chiul in. (ii» and j^et
some boards {>iii/H'i^;issai>oii:)
Intekmkdiatk Exkkcisk.
First Case;
Uubitatii'C form.
I perhaps.
. . .
thee ki iiiiiiddoi>;
we ,,
,, ,, iiioiioi'-
he „ .
,, ,, iiiV(/oi>-
they,, .
,, ,, ioodogcUiag
I „ .
you ,, iniiiinrudiioi:,
we ,,
,, ,, ii^onii(/(\^
he „ .
,, ,, /i^vztdi/oi^
they,, .
,, ,, ifroZL'dl^Og-^IKlii
kazviii
ki
issinoniiidiiog
igossidog-
ii>ossidoi>-
/oossidog ('f/tig'
issiiioiiiiiinizcddoo-
ii>vssi/nidog-
ii>vssi'U'ddai>'
ii>vss 'wddoi>^ii(ig-
hi ^i-zvdhamini)iddoi>, perhaps I saw thee.
Makija ki kik(!nimii>ddoi>; perhaps we know thee,
Ki gad-dgonzvdtiigozvd(iog- Mary, perhai)s Mary
will C(mtradict you.
Nossinan, ki g-a-dcdzc'^higvdoi>-('na<>, father, ])er
haps they will believe you.
Ninidjdnissidog ! Ki ga-niiiiinininni.'ddog ozv viu>i-
ndigan, my children, perhaps I will give you
this bf'ok.
-2H1 —
Jli'
hazL/'ii i'i iiiptditcihsinonindtfoii, ^Kr\y,\\)<. I did
,. nt»t striKf tluv.
/\(t:r/n A/ iii-matr/ii(itijfmii>(hii{)nit^i i>\ iktIijii.s wr
«li<l not si>fiik iil .»» vou
/w ii(i-/i(ihiiinitiii>oi{(>i>- a-.i' /i-ursn/s/s//. iH'rl"iap«>
that had yirl wiP mitid tlur.
Does that man mind th.f? I tliink lu- inin '>
nu' somt'tinifs, but often he does not mind im-.
I>id yo: r parents ^ive vou apples and can<l\ { s/'-
si/)(ihi'aJ;>ii^an)^ Tliey may hive ^riven us niary
apples, but tliey ^ave us but little • indv. Did
he see yo.i? l>erhaj)s he saw us. Diu 'hošc peo-
pie help us? Thev may have helped us sc.nu-
tiiiies, but thev did not help us verv «»ften. nor
dul they «-ive us very much. Did not mv jiarents
talk (si)eak) to thee this morning-? T tliink thev
talked to me very litlle, they were too busv.
"Will those rich men lend vou perhaps nionev?!
don't know; ierhai)s thev "mav lend me a little.
^>;^
V-
^r'! ,
/' .v*^.
LESSON L.
On the /iid/rathi' Moo(\ tiffinutifhe n>n)i. /x/.^s/zt
voire, of the fourth couju Ration.
Note 1. To facilitate the learnin^r of this ccm
juration, we will assume a secondary root, termi
natinjr in ^- for the passive voice. For iinrontra
cti-:t 'ordinary) verbs, the secondarv root termi
nates in z^', which is added to the first or prima
ry root, f. i:
A7;/ zvohama, I see him.
Primary root, ivCiham.
Secondary root: wabamx^.
j:?«rV
'A ^-^
t
\i'-
1 laH.
ty-
Y-
•■\
'•».
V.\
ii ,^-k ^ -
282
Note 2. In the active voice </// the terminatiotis
are added to the /f/.s7 or primary root f. i: ///;/
■udtawd, o W(~idama.n.
Note ?>. In the passive voice, a/most all the icr-
minations are added to the secondary root, i. i:
uiu zL'dhaviioo; o zc'd/>amii>on, ki zudhainii^owlxhiin.
Note 4. The only exception to the forej^oing-
rule is ihe third person, when it has no reler-
ence to another third in the same sentence, i. i:
av.' kzv/zi'isciis zvdhamdi, that boy is seen; inizL- iiii-
iiizcag noN(tazc'a.wiig, those men are heard.
Note 5. If the third person is followed by <>r
has reference to a "Second-third person" in the
same sentence, then the verb in the passive will
be formed from the secondary root, f. i:
Aw mini o zcdbamigon ossan, that man is seen
by his father.
/j^izv ikzves(^nsag o j^ a naicdnifn /go-wan o nianiai-
zi'an, those {^irls are taken care of by their
mothers.
Passive Voice.
/^resent hniicati\
ve. Imperjet
Present Subi.
1^0
igondban
igoidn
li*0
igondban
igoian
•i k(»i .
igobanin
igod
§ ii>onun
igomindban
igoidng
^ li>om
igomwdban
i^oieg-
'^ /i>-ozL'an
ig'owdbanin
igozL'ad
ii(om
igong
• . (f
dban
ind
"^ § dzvaty
dbanig
indwa
^ imdn 2-3P.
;^}>dbanin
imind.
Plup. SiibJ.
Present Par
t. Imperfect.
itroidinhau
1 igoidn
1 igoidmban
Rl
/'iioiam! an
t'iiopan
iuoiCiUiiibaii
iiion^ihan
iudihiin
iiuhvabau
— 283
i^oian
ig'oidng-
igong
iiid
indjig
i^oiambau
I go pan
igoitlng/hau
tgoh\i>ol)au
igongihan
iudiban
indibanig
Nc.te U. As will be seen from the above, the
terminations of the rassive voice are very much
like those of v'erbs of the /frs/ amjunatioh endin-
in o, 1. i: nmd akando I watch etc/
Present tense.
.\ ■!} zcahann^o, I am seen,
. /•/ zL-abanngo, thou art ,,
o zrabatnigon.^ he is s^en by etc.
n/n zi.'(7banng6miu, we are seen.
/•/ z:'(lbam/gonz, you are seen.
o zvubanngowdLU, they are seen by etc.
ziabanngom, one is seen.
zvfibajna., he is seen.
zvabti/miwdg, they are seen
zi-(-ib(innrA{m, his'(f. i: son or sons) is seen
are seen.
Imferfeet tense.
.\in :rY7/«;;/ig-onaban, I was seen.
/■/ 7r(7/w/;agonaban, thou wert
fl rm/wwigobanin, he was seenVn- etc.
///// z£Y//>(/«/igominaban, we were seen.
ki 7:v7/wwigomwaban, you were
c zi'dbam'igovf a.hdin\n, they were seen by etc.
zciibam-AhAn, he was seen.
zi'(lbanrd.h?Ln\g, they were seen.
7iY7/w///im;'ibanin, his (f. i: stm, sons) were
seen.
<Vl
K-.
•M
if^
-7?-.
C
/—I
."A
T^
•*
1 •r''
*
*'
fe
.' ♦
,$.,*
:i»
284
M„ baiHuiis. {hen. .id) I spoil, am ruined, I die,
perish.
. biimidjiii, ^bcti.Aid) I spoil, ruin him, spend
■' it, (s. th. an).
,, hamhijiton, (heii..od) I spoil, ruin it.
,, Innidd/ii'dis, i/>en..od) I ruin myself.
,, Iniinidii/dimiii. {ben.. id //'<>■) we ruin each oth-
er.
,, bamid/iigon, {ben..od) it ruins me.
numidisizi'in, {.in) ruin, death, per.htion, damna-
ticm.
/ioniiii'dctaaeivin, {in) forgiveness or pardon,
o ranted.
lionioidctdocnvin, \in\ forgiveness or pardon, re-
"■ ceived.
Xiu bonio-idchwe, {bzuan..ed) I forgive, I forget
offenses.
boniii-idHiioos, (bzc'cin..id) 1 am forgiven, par-
doned.
,, boniiiid^.'azva, (i -wan. .wad) I forgive him.
bonnn'dMdizcin, ibzvan..didJio) we forgive
" ■"" each other.
Bonii>id<^tddizi'in, dm mutual forgiveness.
Xin^pihiwvbidon, {pes..dod) I scratch it.
,, tihai>dbina, {pes..nad) I scratch him. (imfer.
pasagobij).
,, pihciiiobijizce, {pes. .-wed) I scratch.
,, miikanni, {melcmad) I rob him.
„ oiniodima, {oem..mad) I steal from him.
Exercise.
T^Bmar.
-285-
A-fcncu ifd-
lunL'iu II ill
o hauddjian
i was remembered by ) oi>-/tjaiiin, o^o(/dss ^i><i/e Xv-
/r/ii mos/izcen o i>;i-minig6haiiiu. Xin kitimdnailma
uxv tibinodji (I pity) kaiviu o(h/\^si\ kazvin \aie o-
^ii/'ssi, -u'inL'ika ^ciro o mim)^on hcinddisiiihi/in, iia-
niiiiiini /lakadi^. An/s/iin(i/)ei>- o -u'iih'/imi'mozvan ua-
niuiiotiuoiio Kitchi Mokomdmiti. Aw 'ik-ur o i>i
zL'ciicjiminon mutchi ah'ru'hciiu'm'zvun.
hi^zvinvad kid akikominin? A-uri^zira
kikniinnhsi. Azc iiiini meuikzv/s/ikid
kdkiini Jdiiiiau }>;cslikiddjin.
Mi na o<>;ozv ^i>\i-l)}i>-zc'aano-ii.- (break) is/ikzvdn-
dcm cndaidug? Mi sa ^^i>rt ^i>ii-l)igzv(uin^ii> ish-
kzvdiidcm cudaii'g. Kis/ipin ndngom dihiiii>czc(id
(pay) miiiik epifaidugzvak is/ikwiiiidem (as" much
as the door is worth) iiin zi'i-honii>idcfazvai>. A-
zi'diizfiii i>(i-lHiiiddJiioi>-ii'cii (Dub) ///// iiuisiiiaii^aii?
Azc(^i>ziyii. Kiizvin iiin i>i-zfalHtindssi azv oa-bandd-
jitod ki ni(isiiidii>-aii. Sfatchi abinodjiiui^ baiuid/'ii-
diivag: Azv iniiii o banddjiioon ishkothi'dbo, ktini-
ge bauddisizfin ni/igo/iug </ ou-zi'dbandufi. Xi/i %,-
iiigid(f/dgis, nin gi-minowcbinioe. Azfcneii oa-d/i-
tod zvebiuigczL'iu? Mi sa Jesus ^tibimizve (himself)
i>a-djitod. Azi'cncuan ga-minddjin Jesus izr i^as/ikie-
zi'isizi'in tchi bonigidetagUiid batddozi'iiuuif Jesus o
gi-minun omekatezvikzcamiieman izL< kitchi gashkid-
zvisizvni. himizva zi'iidigcndiieg (ye who are mar-
ried tojrether) bouinidHddiiog: kdg) ganazvetidiui'
gcgon uishkdniudizvin gaie Jiiigdiiindizvin kideizv-
ani> Kijd-Miinito o minzvdbanddn (likes to see)
bouigidHddizi'in gaie sdgiidizvin. Kego pa sago bi do-
ken niidzv. Azv aiiimds/i pdbigosi (has fleas), mo-
Jag o pasagdbidoii zviidzv. Xhuw uiii zvhpasagdbi-
na opikzvanang (on his back) gaie otdzvagaii'g.
M^itch that man, perhaps he intends to steal.
I will watch him wherever he g'oes (///;/ e/a<>'-
zveii). Is that man known by the Indians dweTl-
iag- here? Yes, he is kmmn by them and hon-
■'fit-
' V.
■'3?
4:
■^1
.^1
k.
♦1'
^;
ii
''V%
ry^'
'•'».,
t
p^"
' • ' ^ 'IS
W
fit?**
:;S.,
.'m
^^'i"
286
orcd. From whom did John steal a watch? He
stole it from my father. When did he steal it?
Dav before yesterday he stole it, while my fatli
er was at Church. Did he give back ( ueiab mi o
oiminan) the watch to thy father. Yes, he gave
Tt back to him. Some robbers [makamhvcivniiui-
zfai>-) broke the window in my aunt's store last
night. Then they went in and robbed my aunt
of all her money. My aunt shouted (<^)u\ok i^i-
blhdoi) to scare "the robbers [zi'i-scj^iaci) but they
did not mind her shouting; They robbed every-
thing in the store, having first tied igi/uA-ofi/mi-
zfdd) her in bed. Were they caught? They have
not been caught vet, they ran away quickly and
hid in the woods {gi-kiisou-ag gn'c iidpiming (I
pity thy poor aunt.
Intekmediate Exekcise.
17/ Conjugation.
Perhaps it is r/, e, i, o, dog.
they are ,, dogcmw.
,, it was.. . ,, gohan
they were gohanin.
if perhaps "it, they , ,i,'-rr//
kazviu ssiiio'.log.
,, ssinoc/oghidn
, ssinogohan
,, ssinogohan in
,, ssinogwen.
1 7/7 Conjugation.
Perhaps it is odog
,, they are... odogcna
,, it was. . . . ogohau
if perhaps it. they oozven
kau'in ssinodog
287
/caw in ssinodog^mtn
ssinojrdhaii
1«
ssiHOi^zief/.
/X Conjugation.
Perhaps it is odog^
,. they are odogcnan
,, it was. . . . oi>o/)aii
if perhaps it, they ogurn
kazvin sinodog
. , sinodog-^uai!
, , sinogdhaji
, , sinogwen
/Cndogurn cicgdnigddessinogzfcn nlikolcr.-dho onid
mi^himmdbong, I don't kno-A- whether ther*.-
.js no whiskey mixed w-th this cider.
.\amandi idog- ged-iji-g-i/igaddgzcoi icdfiano, J
don't know what kind of a day it
I- ' J J . ... will be tomorrov.-.
■^iinagadodogcnan kid aiinian; kishpin seuai>d&sin-
ogzven, mdkija nihizca anotrh i>ciro iiiu i^a-
gis/i/>inadonddog; perhai)s' thy gnnds
Hre dear: if they happen to he
not dear, I may buy va-
/.- ■ -..,.. , rious things.
/\</:cyn onijisiunsinodog- i-w masindigan: perhaps
that book is not ifood.
Resume.
A>nN j:/igi/igak? Mino gijigad sa. mijakztad.
h, uisogaavi na? A, ;//;; zvi-sdnaam, Roy cudd-
vMid nni zyi-ija, fnadzir-dkosiwan Roy o zvidinrmd-
ganan. h, zvhmddjidawa na mas/ikfki? A, nin zci-
vuna gzvedassoo- (camphor) gaie nissdminaa- /a/m-
^'ginu-masH/k,. Anin ejinikad<^gzveu izv malkkiki
MKanas/innozcmmg? hndogzren cjinikadig-zven • ta-
.'V
i .'»-■"
<:.
il^h
f>-'
r i
<•«.:,.
;:j.
■■^^"W^v
lia^ Ka-i'in linishi nin i>i-dilnuimai>ossi. Aiiin ^i^a-
dodixvindzca auamif-m<^ni^'i^? ^^ o,-k,tchMmuo-
dodiwcnuan hemddhinidjin. john o i^i-iiivwnau mi
ko^^an? (wuima o i.i.i>inioiicidoi>-^uiiii nossaii. Aid
<U'os mi? /uru-hi ^iwelch nhid akoshsi iini dezvik"
zvcde dash piniiii. Memo ki zL'MmmVidoiimni (give
thee to sme'l,' inhale) i>zirdiissa^i>-; zvc-wi^nt mimin-
dan (smell it), mnihiiiim i>(iie mimmdau. zvaiba
dci^/i ki Pii-miLniii/i'0,1 dhjikzLrzcni; hzca madjai'
t^ dalli^ki^ashi^okz^Mnhi (I will tte up thy
head), mi dlish zvczvaii tchi i>azi'ishimoHin. i>ii-)ii-
haiau dash ki i;a-mim> aia i<itchihva Pierre Ji-.-
tchitakziHizva {sassaM-dkzvdzfa) tchibaiatii>onir hitcii-
tzua Paul dash oi-kishkiozc'hva (was beheaded).
(hozv mino ikzv^zca^ mauo taanomizvag /^>»; ;;''/;;
kTzvad. iiiizv dash uij kh^o ta-ammassiziHig. Mctchi-
dikhiuoii- kaaiuig na-kohiirnovzvaii matchi mam-
ton amimakamia; meno dodangig dash p ga-mnii-
ovwan hW-Maniton kdi>ii><^ jazc'cndagosiuun gi/i-
lono: Ki sdPiiiiom, zv/nazi'a dash kazx'in o sagii-
Zoisizvan befmidisindijin. Mindfo^zvad izv amhish-
dbo, nibizLHi nidkija ki gi-ddoonamidou; sisibakziuid,
o-^pct zvishkobdgami (it is sweet). Mi na igizi' lu-
Inizvau: ire-mininda joniian? lUizvin azt'issrwag; mi
,a zA/i ndbazv'd/iii ge-minindzvu. Vfnai zvcd, ^
)'engishing mashkdssizi'ikang? Mi sa John.
LESSON LI.
The Indicative mood, passive voice, of verbs
ending in wa.
Note 1. Many verbs of the fourth conjut^ation
end in z^/a. In the active voice they are conjuga
■awHn
qnp
-28'>--
ted r<\i>tihir/y like iiiii zcahtinia. Hut in the jms
sive voice a contraction takes place, as follows:
Verbs endinjr in dx.a are contracted: into doo
instead of azv/i^o.
" '• «« (?::■</ ,, ., into doi^c, instead
of (lOtl'/i^V.
" '• •• ''*''</ -t ., ,, t'ojiiO', instead
of aKc/i»o, f((r instance.
.\/// zchu/iunaica, I tell him, ///// -u/u(/(i//ni^o. I
am told.
,, hajiha-vii, I stah him, ///// />a/i/Hloi>v, I am
stabbed.
,, /><iA'//r-U(f, I strike him, ///// pakitcoii;o, I am
struck.
Note 2. Add to these couinictcd secondary roots
the ordinary terminations, of the indicative, pas-
sive, for instance.
o znndamd^on, iiiu Zi/inlaiini^Cnn'm. /•/ zviudaniA-
... , g-onaban,
o hajihaoovn, nin /•^////niogomin, /•/ /;r////>aojr,)n;i-
, , . . ban,
o piikiieoiron, niii peki/coi^omin, ki /^rXvVeog-onaban,
.\/;/ -wazL'/iniamazva, {zvaiazv..zvad) I ])romise him.
,, zL-('izv/u(hiindi>€, (zi'iiia-u\.zvaci) I promise.
Wazvihdanianczvni, i in. pi. am ])romise, made to
some one.
\\azviudamiii>vztin, n'li. pi. an) a promise, /r-
.,. , , rehcd.
<\in iiaiidoiiczi-a, uicn,.u'ad) I seek him, search,
, . ,. hunt for him.
,, hiindjdzva, (cn..zi-ad) I send him. iaho niiid
ijinajdzca).
., niddjinajdiva, {_maiad..zi'ad) I send him' awav.
,, Jiiddjishkazca, (maiad.,wad) I put it s. an.
obj. in motion.
,, mddj/s/ika, \maiad..kad I am going, I am in
motion (f i: dUniigisiszvan^ clock or watch.)
f:m
*^-?;!
*>*"l
'^ ' l'**'f^*4^-
■IP
y
'•\..
m
2«><)
\iii' hoiiiiiid^lazcii. * lruuin..zLad ) 1 lorgive him.
.. liclni'ctiiu'a, yilaich..-u'<n{ ) I heloive him.
.. dchitinvu, iiiaich.ru-dd) I hear him "here i hf
speaks Icmd enough. )
,, dchilon, ^daicbiloii) I satisfy it, make it cuti
tented, haj)i)y.
.. dilnuimird'n, uich..-.cad) 1 pay him, recom-
pense him.
,, dihtiiiiiidiir, uli-l)..ord ) I pay, make a jiay-
ment.
/J/i'ui(i>nt{iir:i.'u. < /n ) payment, tuadc.
/J//ui(ifii(ii><'ru/n. ^I'n) pavm.nt, /rrc/zrd.
Xi/i />(is/}(n//r:ni. ^ hcs..ZLUid) I punish him, whip
him (/>(i.</i(ni/r/i>iin, whij). t
KxKKCiSK.
7d-ni(ld/7iid/tiXi-tiz,-(iii- /o/'zc mutchi ahinodjiiiifi, o-
sfnH mutchi fjizvcbisiiva^: mdkija o ^■ii-hamidjiii-.uu
iticno-ijizvchihnid/iii abiuddjiiau. I^^hv kzvhvis^nisui:;
o i>i'ihimiJiiO!>vivaii ouii';:ii;ozL'(ni ( by their priests )
kit'inoamddiiiii,: /uru-iuniddj/s/dciss/ iiin d/ba/i^/s/s-
>:7i'(hieus, II !• oa-mfidfishkazva. ({liyzu pijjkiziuii-
"iiizvcnj o i>/-b(dntii(indo/i('(')i^vzf(ni inizv luiiiizciui,
'lazL'iu diis/i o oi.inikdovssizL'iin, nanabem i just
now) nimizvind ' iiiii ni-iiiikiizvi'ni(hu'i>- (we found
them). Azc ikzve o n't'-kHchi-pakiteoiion o zL'idiiiC-
.■)idi>anini i>iizL'as/ikzi.'cbim'd/iii, gega o gi-hajiibao-
i'on inizf hiiiiizvishaii. Marie o i^i zcdzc/fidcimdi'vif
Zddiuni tchi zvl-dndji-bimddi$iuid. Jo/ni o gi-boniiii-
dcldi>ou o papaiaii. MekahhiikzLiiiidic o debzir/di;vif
kdk'iud iTziuiuk ciidmianidjiu. lunviii ciiii>ok -lii-i-
/ossi ir<^i>ikzvcdjin, patch ( still ) kdkiiid amimiczvii^d-
/nii>v)ii>- o d'cbitdi>vn. Xin dcbitoii uiiidc (my
heart) diissiiii>; meuo-dodamduiu.
Was the storekeeper paid by those Frenchmen?
He .vas paid by them Ki. ■i>i-dibaa}iidgou) Was
that mischievous boy punished by his parents? I
— yn —
(lon't know. Hoys, if vnu (h.n't l.chavo vm. will
bf wh.piK-d by the teacher. Uidst thou receive
thy payment? I was piid vesterdav: we were
pau this morning:. Christians, always pay yoi.r
debts. That's what we do. « • •
Intkkmkdiatk Exkucisk.
"/^/t/t/M/W participles of tin- first
three ( 'onju^ntions.
Note. The terminations ot the "Dubitative"
participles ot the first three cmjufrations are the
same as those of the correspcndintf subjunctive
mood, except the third person plural for instance:
/'M-ifoi>zcef/(iii, they who perhaps say
('iiikkitoi^vlHinauiiy they who p'.'rhaiis said.
/: ii<'niianioi> n'l'iiOi^-
(ill- iiK^ndamu^dhaneiia^-
/^e^:;w's//i>/oi>zi(^j/(rn-
f''(i-(f i^'zL'is/iiuond/)(i)i('niii^
H'kitdssio zLiUiiii^'
,!i'(i-il'kitossiodf)(iiirii(fa-
e//('fj(/a>isii>zi •('it a a
ii'(i-ineii(taiisi^(UHiiieu(ii^
(lei>zi'is/i///siiizve'>/(/^-
ii'(i-(i(tiiZfis/ii//si^d/K///e//(,i..
../V'.'^'V' '"■'/ A:v-:fv7/w;;/r/>-.s/Vv i^izr j4V-/>osiii:.r,u,i>
pitchnnii^o. .\ins/mult>eo zciies/ii-at m'-^'ifiidfi^iod-
''I'/'ci't'M ">^•'//i.^ i'i-inatr/ii-iiizc'i'hisii'zfdfHni. A%r-
■ ^r"'^" iiKsdgjhan g ,-hi,J,ig ztuif/hmihtisiniod'/Ht-
iieuoii. .] loses ga,e Aaroti kazviti i^ossdssij^ziu/xf,,
ognih.yis/ian Phanw. Josue miiio oanotnwohdn od
aiiisiinnlfteman ga-kitchi-miuo-iiddazvaiiZLauni. /u,-
Zi'Jii ki kik^uiwdssidog azv in/ni i>(i-kizvemd(i/d<>:
z'.rii (rcgci gt-itihdzc(io- „ij iinis/iiiidhei>-: iihciti kizlr
M'i-<tii/-tzvds/ti)H>i>'cdfHni bzva oditamozvad miiii«.
*J-
V
;-:^.-
c
*■
1 A
2'>2-
H
/
y-
[1?
Ht'u s>(i-Jl:i/r/ii-mfnzi'('u(/ani tchi ztdhaman-wa.
I do not know whether these women are yet so
talkativf as they have been at first ziaie^filat
ii(i-///'-i<'f>is/-u-<i(t) Thy relations have been b>oke<l
iur uikazi'dhatmi) yesterday; jKjrhaps they havi-
arrived; If o and ask ((iw/'^aj^zci'thirn). Thou who
never tallest perhaps into a mortal sin thou ait
indeed happy. I don't know who has lain dt»wn
in mv bed durinjj the day (uomia-titjiii). Those
th«it first cami)ed here (^n/)('s/n have made this
jfarden. The men, who formerly lived in this
ccmntry, were Indians, aftt. wards came French-
men; the inhabitants now are Americans. B<»ys.
whosoever shall come too late t«> school, shall Ik-
punished.
LESSON UI.
:-T^
f r^ '
The Subjunctive mood, affinniitive form, passive
iciee, of the fourth eotijugatioii: also the
participles of the passive voice.
Note 1 . The subjunctive mood and i)articiples
of the passive voice, affirmative form, of the
fourth conjugation are conjugated like t!: ' first
C(Hi/ui>atiou, like verbs, the characteristic vozi-e/
of iv)iich is o. Please note this!
Note 2. The only excepti<m to the above rule
is the simple third person, singular and plural,
which has no reference to a ''Second-third per-
son" in the same sentence, f. i., zvdbam\m\, if he
is seen.
f 1 AA m 'J-JLk^
Snhjinir/h'c, /Wseut tense,
/i ishpiu zi'd/)aHiij>i}'\iix\^
ziti/xn/i/ifiMan,
zi'(i/>(/fii/jytH\,
't'dhainiifi >i an g',
'liihtiniimi
xcdhaininiizi'i'i
'udfxnnimt'mi.
I\uiiciple, I^reseat tense,
U'tf/(t/)ami/roian, I who am seen.
•:i(i/(i/)(wi/'^6isiu, thou
-utii(ihamt^o6., he who is seen /;»■ etc
Ti7//«7;r/w//^>oian^, we ". ,,
:£Ym/^r/;;//^ofeg, you,, „
ZLtiidf>ami^iiiH\^xg, they who are seen />v etc,
zi'(iui(>aw,^i>ox\^, one "
li'duioanuntf, he
'u'tiuihamin(ijii>\ thev ,, [] ,[
-vaidhamimind, his" thei'r (f. i: son sons)
who is ' are ) seen.
Subjunctive, Pluperfect tense,
hishpin 'U'dbamit>oidni/Hin^
-U'dhami^oiamhan
zvdhamigopan
'vdham ij^oidngibun
wdhamiiroi^iroban
ivdbamig owapan
riv7(5r/w/>>'ongiban
wdbamindiban
zi'dbamhuhvubau
»1
<
n>..
fe'
Jv,-
r^
oto.
'~'1'\A-
l\trHripU\ hnpcrjccl Inisr.
li'tiialxnni^otilnihini, I wlu» was setrt.
. ziaiiihaniiiioianihan, thou., ,,
■A'<ii(ihaniii>op(ni, he. who wu . M'cn hy
U(ii<i/nitn/i>('/fniL"f>(tii, wv
■uaitihaniiiioit'i^ohini, you
:rt/nif)(imi<i*' '»an,
■.t,'>ii<ihaiinniiii>Aii
xi.ai(iluinn'iiililHnni>:
Note .^. The contrjuted verbs are e«>nju};au«l
in the passive subjunctive ami i>artici])les liVce
///// .vilhaniiiio, I am seen ete. The usual tenui
nations are added to the roiilnukd, ^ecoiuJt rv
root, f. i: nin /ui/'/'/xiof'o, ki /xiJ/'/fdo^'-^h o hqilhavg
u.i. /ni/'/7Ki(>^'o\i\r\l haiIhaoi>\i\, 'hrjfhaofivian etc.
Note 4. The two exceptions to the tor^oinji
rule are verbs in dun (from lunca), and r;.w
(from cozva). In the simple third pers<m they
are contracted as follov s aoiiiinl into aoiiii: ro-
-,L'iin\ into cotni, f. i:
/\'/sAp/i/ /)(i/7/>Aoni\
., /;(////mondwa
/w/V7'aon<.iban
,, /;(//V7;a<mdwaban
,, pirii/eond
,, /S(//(//eondwa
,, /^(/X//condiban
/(/XvVeondwaban
/;e//<^aond. he who is stabbed.
/;e/Maondjit', they who i.-. .^♦abbed
/>e///'aondiban, he who was stabbed.
/>e//(^aomhbanij?, they,, ,,
pekil^oncU he who is struck.
/>eXv'/eondji^, they who is ,,
/o/vA'otnliban, ho who wa^ siriu k
/>i'///oon<libanitf, thcv,, ,,
Note 5. Verbs endin^f in attu, form, tlu- s//i//</r
lliini person like 'uulbatiia, f. i: kishpin :iiiitfinii<t-
;;'in<l etc.
\iii /hii-zcfr.iui, { /ii'i^ . . :i<n/ ) I tm-tnl, patch it ( >.
an. «»bj .
.. ntii>:.iuin, ' /h'l^ . .(mt; > I int'inl it ( s. iiiaii. dbj i.
., />(ti;:.-(//i>r, i hri^-. .i^ft/ \ I iiit-nd. I patch.
/iti^u'iiiiiiiii t ///. /S/. '(in\ a patch.
/i(H^:ctt/i;i':i/// I /;/ 1 patching-, tiu'inliti^-.
.\V// hdiiii-u-t'iiir, ^ />(ti(isk..i>T(l ) I bleed some oiu .
,, />(':sl/iu<':,(i, iiHiiosl'-zi'iui) I blee<l liim.
/)'(/sk/k:i('/i>(f//, (in. pi. an) a lancet for ble-'din-^-.
Xin IhinJiij:' zvii, (hen..zctt(i) I spoil, ruin, lusi-
some thin jr bclonj^iny: to him.
,, /nf.<.</no:ir:i.-a, i /)('ss..:<.-(it/ } I strike him in the
face.
M ji'/s/su'd, I <,'W.s/.sKY/</, imp. _i,'/.v/.s;i7i I cook or
bake s. an. obj.
,, i;7>/.sv?//, i i'ds/stinj^ ) I co(»k or bake it. s. inaii.
obj.
,. ii/s/Siinitizc:i, i<;(is..:ia//) I cook or bake tor
. , him.
., i^/s/sri-wr. > o-(ts..ur(/) I am coukin^-, bakiny-.
f'/s/>(>, (o(is/so(/) it is Cooked or ()ake(l.
('(h/sixl />(ii'v.'('//n(in, bake<l bread.
/jW>/nrs/(/ pak-u-i'/'indn, ilour; t /ftfs>/s/(/ pahz.cji-
<riin)^ or hihinc-pakzvfjiiinr..
('hisckzc^-.rin. < in < cookery, bakin<jf.
^'/s/srhrthrf'n/n/ ian. pi. zvao) a male cook ^Irlii-
hak-zv^zi'lnini. i
EXKKCISK.
/i,'/:." pckilo'uniji'^ anishi' pakil^irdzi-aa. k<i:i-/n
.i,'v;i,'v> maianadihiinii^ ( nothinj,^ bad ) i;/i//lr/ii^r>s/-
»'
{^:
X.
'^4
•u'liii. Jesus o }>i-kilchi-papiikit('oiiifn jinniiianis/uni.
Osamisi tizv kzui-u'isens, ka zvika l.asliaiijhvassi,
Kishpin naiiinoitinongiu Imshiinjdoiivpau ossau,
/nikdii da-gi-iiizv('l>isi. XiJ itihiinuio- }ya-haji!Hioi>oif-
jtu- makamhvhviiimiu'on, tihikouo gMiilwzvai>: A-
fiuish bcwzviianian nin gibodi^gzvdson ( my pants i ;
kitr/ii hii>oshkiimagad (they are very much
torn. ) Afdn'c wezvtfni bagzi'digr, zcii/ niatw o gv-
hiinzL'iiaii ki ^i/HHiieo-uuisofi. Mi uu Mane cjniika
^od azv iras/ikiozvdssoikzL'C? (seamstress). .1// ejiiii-
'kdsod. 'Api'i'/s/i hag-zt-'dzLdii m'li mos/nreiis/nian.
.]//fid/e/i/g('zc'(H^- ikzf^zc'dg- zi'eiiidjdulssidjig- (wh«.
have children) minino-im bag-zv(iig('zva(i ; oiii/is/iin
oaie tchi irauazi'hiddmozvad bagzvdigainni ged-aio-
'Iviid beozhaioezvddji)!. Jane gi-iiiino-dodani gizvebi-
ndd imzi' matehf iniiiizvan: jeba o g/-mddjnidja-
zcaii. Ki ^i-baiiddjiiazva ua nissdie o tchimdu. ha-
zciu iii>/, iiiii oi-hatiddjiUnt'dssi o tchimdu, mi so
'fohu oa-baudd/itazLdd: Akosi uiugv: apeg/s/i Inis-
kikzfJoud. Azceu(<uau (bvwhom) dash ge-lniskik-
zveog-od? Mi sa zvezviugesiuidjiu ( skilful ) mashki-
kiznuiuizcau oebaskikzveog-od. Azv iuiui gi baskik
zceioe ua ko^ (did that man ever bleed anyone i.
/Cuaui^e, uauiui>im baskikzc^ige. Auiudi o haskik-
zceiomi? Hfozt') Kazvin uiu miuz.dbaudausiu Inis-
kikweigezfiu.
That sick woman was bled three times ( ;//5-
N/V/rM she is verv weak (kifrhi /dg-zcizvi ). She
shouM not be bled again; she mi«rht die of the
bleedinj^ i baskikzirdovzriu /a-dud/iuezc/dog ( Dub. i
For whom does that baker ipakzrf'/igauikezc'iu/u/ <
bake bread? He bakes bread for those sick men.
I do not like this bread; it is not well b; ked.
Boil that meat. That voung- lady understands
cooking (ui/d-/rh/bakzve). Those potatoes are
boiled and that bread is baked, (iod has mercy
i.n those whom he punishes here on earth. Those
^m
2«)7
punished by the Lord now will recei\e nxnv
Ironi him hereafter {piitiima o i;\i-;'auriiiiiii!^()-
::■(/)/). (to and get the brush {invi-iiiuiiii hiiKruci-
iidii ) I cannot find it. Look for il under the U--
l)ie or near the door. I haw found it. I want to
(lust my hat and my clothes ( iiin zc-/ hiiiazLrCiiuni
iiiii zL'i'zLUikzt'iin i>aic uiuci a!>zc/zi-iii(;ii. i lie brushes
often i hiiiazL'i'ii'C. } If thou art struck, «lo not j^et
too angry, do not fight or strike. Had thev !)eeii
told (informed) by their children, tliey" would
have helped those i>oor \^c »ple. They were not
told anything. Were those girls sent 'o sch* ols
by their parents? They were sent by ihem. but
they did not go. I have been ] r< niised a nice
book. From whom did they receive ])rovisions
nnii(ji)ii)? They received (were given) provisions
from the cook in the loyrging-cami) i /^•/s/tJ^(/(fL>Zir-
::-/<>(i/ji/<iOf/^ } The cook is very kind; he give
bread and i)ork to the poor, hungry Indians.
Where have you been? We were hunting about
in the woods. Did you kill any wild anin:als?
We killed three deer and one bear. Did vou kill
a black bear? Yes we killed a large black bear.
Brin
g me some bear-meat (///dj^
(>-Zi'//tfS
>///''•). If thou wouldst receiv
hidaz
Vh
e some money, what
wouldst thou do? I would buy s<mie ttour and
pork for mv wife and children; thev iieed ibein
I o mi
iii^.
-e*-
'►-
S"*'
S/l/(fZC'(/l/ K
Intkioii.diatk Exikcisi:.
"/)ii/>//(i/nr' participles, of the J our lit roii/niititioii.
Note 1. The foregoing note ai)])lies :Jlso in
some extent to verbs of the fourth conjugati( n.
The terminaticms of the subjunctive mood and
participles, Dubitative, are alike zc/ien the ot^jcri
o^ the verb is iu the siugular mtmhcr, except in
the third j)erson plural, which is (rozcr>/</o\
% ^'
Si
K
'f4
298
wheroas in the subjunctive mood it is (izi'di^n-fi/.
But when the object of the verb is in the \uur..:
number, the terminations are as loll«)ws:
u-u'<iiiciiai>: I who i)erhaps. . • • them
'/7£7/r/( wrt^, thou,, ,, ■ •••
(lozcoi, lie ,, .1 '
cizi'd f/i^ f(i(fi/ti^,yfc who,, ... ,,
aii'ann^n(i}>\ ., ., .» • • • ••
int'Ci>~u'aia>>,, you ,, ,, • • •
iri^zf<'niii>\ they ,, ,, • ■ ••
</>•>■/ 14 Y/i,' <'//(/<;■
(hsizL'diiniiii^
(hsii>zi'Cfi
dssizi •</ ni> idai au,
(iss/ziuiN<i<!uaii
(issizi'i'i^ zic'nai'
(issiji>zi'<ffuii>:
Note 2. To obtain the object ivc .y'l/o/t/ur, sim-
ply drop the <ii>, of the abovo terminations.
Azc i*r-!iii}io-doiiazvdgzv^u zvikcinisuni, ta-ii.iiio-
tioihizva ov.ie zr/'i/. /o/zc oc-nii)io-a)iokilazLai>zvaiai:,
iiiizv oo/fNun, o <>(i-//i/No-(//7ni(imciiiVzc'cii/. h/i/dzra
i^a-zL-dlniniaziroziriniiy m'n hcb(jiiidiiiiiijini(iii\ zvni-
'liiimazvishiii auiudi eiazL'di>ztrn. Win kc/cennndi:,-
ztrii iiosscni, viudazcatch zviu o oa-ud^ikazcati ( ^n.
to him). XiiKizL'ind s(r/dii-/(izrdnii/(/n/(ij^ J-is/i/wn-
zc({i>, uiii zfi-tiiiamie-zcidii^vnidndiiio: Kin zcaiha
wiikija or-zvdhamdzL'dden mekdU-ydwaudic, wczvaii
pdoo<.s.^)iim tclii bi-ijdd oma. /\\.icin niii i>dslikit(h
si)? tc/ii /dzvenimdo-'zcd kdkiud or zvdbdmdzvdi>;cndi:;.
You who have perl.aps seen my elder brother
John in town, tell me: is he still alive? Whoever
has not served the Lord here cm earth will not
see him in heaven. Those who talk ill of others
secretly, they are hateful. I know the men, who
perhaps killed John.
-!->*'-W^
-2«>«>-
Kksi'mk.
Azyainiiio- /ui-u- „ij in/iihvai^? /U/ip Ichihakzvc
•iininnvi, h(in^- dash j>(is/ih'}>2cihs(nvnj///nr/. Ma-
nutkiHicmhiirosnva}^- uimi abiuodjiima^ ; Ix^jiir i,//>-
■uahi, hcjin dash kopadisi; mhiaziui ht'/ip' ka-uin
'U'lihandaindssi, brii^i( dash kawin nondahiassi. Irr
".'!!" .^)''^'" oshkwj/i>flss,\ kazvin i>aic oniudjis^i-
hi lii-baiiadjitazvddoii- aw ikwc ud' ondi>anan.' /ui-
-u'lu nni, mil iii-handdji/uzvdssi od oiidoanau. „ti
sa ikzL'escnsish iia-handd/itaziuid. \\Yi>v)ic„ nr-nii-
iiigdiaii? HViio/oo-ur// :iT-m/,//j;>o:rdf/e)i. Ki niha<-
kikzci'ou- ,ia mashkik,^'i)ii,ii? Kazvin maslii; zid-
fHnii> ///>/ i>a-baskikzif('oiyo:/oi>: An in ^cd-inind aid-
zL'cu'inin,^ ^uo ta-indssi' g(^oo. hi i>a-nissi<.oni
ii-anabach. k;snp,n zvcdi i/atcg. (> nabcmish'an „
iii-i?a/,/>ao^on br/,n- ikzcr. Xin na-zvcbinanuwomin
na nin batadozvinindnin? Iu\i>a-zccbinanidi>oni kd-
kind ki hdtddozvinizcan kishpin nzvaiak diizt'cnindi-
so/eii. ni^hpin zvaidbanidssrwaii'cn ki ziidii>rmd<ran
nin ii-ad-ojibiamazi'a zirzi'^ui. Xibzcakdzvininizcu"
nil no i>anazi'arnidisozvaiy tchi bata7vhsii>zi'a (not to
speak bad. ) Peter kazvin namibdtch o ' kik^ninuh'si-
doohian nwkodassozviniuizvan. hi kik^nimddoo- „a
azv ketchitzvdzvisid (noble) ikzL'e ge-bi-zidbamihauu^
hazvm masiii nin kik^nimdssi. Tui na ki i>i-di/)ad-
niawassidoo- nicsindaniazvad? ( whom thoii owest
Ain mama, apf'gisk zrezf/b bdj^zt'dziad nin kitrhi
nioshzvem; atdzchvigdmigong nin zvi-ija. Anindi
bai>zi'dij>anan, ninddniss. Tfbi idoir etezidazLcn
Xn zt'i-bdiizvadn nin gdddss (petticoat) /csn< ui-
bassini> whva gi-dibakdnigod pai^ idjigezvininizvan
fsacrificinfr priest). Xongom nin \a-dibaanidiir,
kin dash ki gi-dibaanidgo. Mi cjiwcbak; be jig ' di-
odige, be/IP dash masindige; anind dibaam'ddizvap,
niinazva dash anind dibaamddisuzi-ai>: aisisozcap
na opinio? hazvin mashi gisisossizra^: A7n zr'i-
gishpmanag nijzvdtig pakw^jiganai/ ^dsisodjiu;
r r» » 'j
k. i
i: -^;. 'ji::.
ily
■.fF^l
:_ .*..«!
.;()()
A'/V/ iiidzvaii na iui$/iiniinai>? Xinii aiaxvatioii^iiaii'
iKiiioniiua^- (five) /n/s/i/>ni//(\i>. AiinKiJitoiL'tnicn kid
i/izL'H)ishvin, ki zvi-anoniii tchi unokitaiviian. (>i
(i(ti>zvis/ii)i na aw meiagwhl mckaUzvikwaudic? <>6-
itiiiia ka'u/'u mas/i/ ^■/(iat>zi'is/i/usu/oi>. Xiii i>a-na-
s/kazvd(foii- api J^i>zvis/iiui>\
k
I.KSSON LIII.
.,^,
i_^
'/'/ic Indicathe mood, negative form, />assixe
zoire, of the fourth conjugation.
Note 1. The negative form, of the passive
voice of the fourth conjujfation is conjugated, al-
most entirely, like the negative form of ^erbs
ending in o, of the /?>>/ conjugation, f. i: kazvin
iiind ikkitossi.
Note 2. As above shown, there are four kinds
of secondary roots, viz: ig, ag, aog, cog. Add to
these roots, the regular terminaticms of the ne-
gative, i)a9sive voice.
/^resent tense. ( Indicative mood), Imperfect tense.
igossindhan
ighsindban
igossihanin
iposshnindban
IgOSSI
igdssi
ii>vssin
igossimin
ii^ossim
igossizvan
igossim
assi
assizrai^
i'mdssin
igossimwdban
igossiwdbanin
dssiban
dssibanig
inuhsibaniii
r-m.
-3(n
liniiraliir UKhxf. /Wsni/ /rnsr.
h'azvin nil, :tv7/6^/;//ig«)ssi, I am net seen.
,, Xv :r<7<if//;/ig-6ssi, thou nrt ,. ,.
,. o :iv7(i^/w/ig-()ssin. he is not seen h\ etc
,. ///// zvCibaun^o >-\m\n, we are not seen
,, Xv :i7?/;</wigossim vou
,, '> :iT//;^mig^ossiwan; thev are not seen hy etc
., :iv7/;r/;wig-ossim, one is not seen.
,, :£v7/;f/;;/£issi, he is not seen.
,, •.I'd/fifmassiwRg, thev are not seen.
,, :iv7/;f/winiassin, his," their ( f. i: son, sons,
is. are, not seen.
Imperfect tense.
/untiu nil, :iv7/>r/;;ngossinaban, I was not seen
Xv ziv/Z^^Awig^ossinaban, thou wert
^> :£v7/;<migossibanin, he was not seen' /;»• etc
.. nin :iY/;«;«i^(',ssiminaban, we were not seen
,, XV :iv//^</;;/ig^ossimwaban, vou were not seen
■ - o zfahanngossxyfkh'Anm, they were not seen
-/ / .. , f>v etc.
:£V//;fW/assiban, he was not seen
:£y7/>^////assibanig-, thev were not seen
:£v7/pr/;;/imassibanin, "his, their ( f. i: s<.n.
sons) was. were not seen.
EXEKCISK.
Ximi odjima, ^ived..maci) I kiss him.
., odjhuian, {zved..dans;) I kiss it.
,, odjindimiu, {■urd.:didi,)>) we kiss each oth-
,, odjindamazL'a, {wed. .wad) I kiss somethinj^r
, . , !>elonfrin{r to him.
.. oossima. {zc'cos..mu'/) I have him for father;
he is mv father.
I,-
.1'
■«■-'■
* '.
M)2-
(ziro:.m(i(/) I have her
'•V,(.
J"-,'
for mother:
she is my mother.
.jiiad) I have him for son;
he is my sor.
oihiht'ssiuia, {•urcL.mad) I have her for
daughter; she is my daughter.
o(/ihi/ss/fiii>/, (-ur(f..s/(/) I have her for
daughter; she is my daughter.
,, <»ii(//(iii/ssnnii, {•vcii..m(id) I have him, her,
for child; he, she is my child.
., tinnf/ehtiss/iHiii, {zirtK.sn/) I have him, her,
for child; he. she is my child.
,, tiishkiUijia, <uei:.}iad) I make him angry,
anger him.
., nCniishkiidjia, (neu..Jiad. frcq.) I provoke
him to anger, anger him.
,, moufuinia, {mzvau..mad) I suspect him, mis-
trust him.
,, i)io$likiin\ ()invas..iied) I am full, filled up
with something.
,. woshkin^hi, {nrwas.J'io) It is full (of some
liquid )
Xiu drhihi, {daiehihtd) I am filled with, full of,
some liquor.
,, momu'ipiui, {mzcaii..)iid) I dig potatoes.
,, )in))nnis/ikzLr, {mzL'(iii..zved ) I weed, root out
weeds.
Azi' id^iuodjim (infant) kazcin o kiichi S(i^i/i>vs-
.</>/ o iiiiiuiaiaii; kazviii nti/i/>/i>if/i od odj/'niiodssiii.
Azi' akizvcmi od odjiman op-zvhsau zvauibamassiui-
iXoii, kazL'in zi'd/nn/dd/mhs/. Ikzf<fzL'idoi>-! kid oo/m/
haDiiig
ocf
:;(t/ji (you (irr moti^ers) zirzcciii hdJiiii^ i^a/r
iiazcniiniiii kitiidj(hiissizi'ai> saidiyi^^og- (whom you
love. ) M'.iric od oghnigoii J^susan, i>aie das/i zv/>/
/csf/s vziaiak od oniman Sfariau. A7u moiiaiinui
—.•03
'?'/?''/•• ""!"S^'"' M''"<''</'- Moucninuhvan ^.rmo-
iiMnijiii-, ^ ^y^nni zchl/ auhhimihhvan o nionrnf.
m/iiozcan Arh',,/fji/s>vzctic//V/, (by whom thev arc
kn(>wn. ) Mo^hkiuc azc /„/„/ matchi uibi ko ' mo<li-
kniHhkiiiion malchi uibi ) aodzLui himossi'; aiapi
pau^ishni ahnwdjiian o hdpiiiiou. /i?oy> ounu 'n-
kamakcu k, mibem nvsH-(h/i',hi/i„. U'h/ikohdinTmi
rw nthi (that water is sweet i.
His son and his daujrhter are seen. Yesterday
they were seen by many persons. That boy is my
son and that jr,rl is my dauK^hter; I haye tWo sons
;md three daujrhters. Two ^lomen are working in
the yrarden; one dijrs potatoes; the other weeds.
Intkkmkdiatk Kxkkcisk.
''Duhilatkr piuticiplc^ of the fourth ronja^at/ou
/*(isshe zo/rr.
/jiioziu//n/, I who am ])erhai)s
/ii-ozvcineii, thou,, art
/\i^ogzfe)iaii, he ,, is
i.i>-ou\-ini>rii, we,,, are
iffoziuinoen
ti>ozc(^<>zcen, you,, ,.
/,^ozvui>zir//(i/i,they who are,,
tn-
./>v
lii'dssizcdueii
ig'ossizvanni
i^iiossi<(zcni(in
ij^dssizi'dnt^rii
I'Mos^sizi'diiorn
iMds^izv<'irzccii
/'ii'dssii>zcd^zi'(-
iiini.
dss/zvi'iitteii
dss/zfW(/(^JU/i>-
(izi'///(/r//, he \yho is
dzi'indcmin. they, who are ,' '.'. .v. ,„,.„„.,
h'ishplu kckanmiuozvdugrn oma \,id,diii>, p'dllior
amshniahco- h i>c,-/,/.,juruuht/s^/ooudN/i>-. A/dk//a %'
M-i-aniinntoi> (x/nuniu- i>i.„hsazcimfzi'dlHi„n, inj Hr-
nuti^o/ncan; Azccirurn ge-debzvctamoozveu J.<h>a-
amhnvazvnuia, ga/r, ta-kdgige-bimd'disi ip/i<r,;;,„,
ta-mnwunccbnncag. /c(tchi.a>ushh,db^,i-,d'tihi
h.n pi-mnngozcancu kitrhi nibizc-a ,6uiia. /uzM,i^
Ud mazcHUHigamig- k-etnudghidjig: Mi so inv in in,
iiuotch d(/iniaz.undcn: auishu dash gcgrt ina: ka-
,"5»)«..,^
■;,tt4-
"£..
it" ?i
Ki
.4, , „*i"
lien, /oiiiia X/ i>v-/uiu/i/. Azr win/ i^a/unV/uio^iiVii'
uri/ ' /u/r/i/ X/(diiiii(i 11(111, tihikou^ jiiniho. hiiia-
u'/ii(/ ocf(ruruiniin(h<hi-tniiirii kazcin /ci on /uzii'm-
inif^nLunidniii ki'di aiii^/iiinilu'iniiiio: .\zc('iizi-^ii(Hi
<>(i-nihi'i><'>iizleiion' joiiiitni, ktiZi.in iiiii k/hU/Utius/-
iiiin: ZL'iii /1^0 i>(ii>;zc('i(/iin.
Thev who will i)r(»bably not In* well received.
sh«)ul<f ii<»t go to the Indian village. Daniel. wh(»
was «rreatlv esteemed by his king < as ihey say;
was "jriven" by him beautiful clothes and much
uiime^'. He who was killed last winter in the
woods bv son:e robbers (as thev say) his body
war. found in the river. The Jews, who were
badly treated by the Egyptians, were made Iree.
Rksimk.
Maty naniiigim od odjiman oiiidjdniis^n^fau kr-
/r/ii-sd'niddiin.^ Sdi»iidizfag iiiizi' ikzl'^zca^, mi zvcn-
dji-odjiiidiziHid. Azvhicn azv inini? Mi .a n/tigzi^/ss
š(\</k/sid. Aiiin oidihhizvad kiu/((/(iii/ss(ii>y Aaiuiiii-
zjtiii uiiiiiz./.<S(io\ ///.s-.s/tcv/i,'- d</.</i iiiiidihiissag. hci-
db'i no 'himddisiz.ii<>- kdkiiid kigzvissai>? Bcjip; no-
main i(i-uiho. hi tuoiiaiimadoi>cii(i}>- ij>ru' i)iiiiizc<i<i
h'azihMi! (no not at all) kazviii J^dfiaor bcjig 11 in
nionaiinnhsi. hhkothcdbo nio^hkinebizctii-- ii>nc iiij
oslikintn.rii- nzciinddo-osid/ii>: . 1 uiuiicapi i>c- monad-
piniico? ' Xumandf api ^r-mdd/i/azcdnoen. (u)-
nima'^ (izvdssziulbdn^- nin oci-mdd/itdminddo!-.
h'i ^■i-u-/nd(imd<>omidoo- ozj, j^i-dciozi'islinuin.
Anini'zi'api i>e.dibaamdgozvani>rn^ Xamdiidj ido^-.
h'i oa-iiiinioomzc-ddog tiibizL'ti jdniia. /uu'zvek nibi-
ZL'ii '^/dniiii nin ou-mniii^dmin. Xind augZL-dbama
iiis/iimc: ki zcdbama na? Mi zcedi cnib(^gdb(ru'id
tchiodfiir (near the tree). Ki gi-zfiritdinni ki bi-
nafu'diiinindjin (fingers). Henry <^nigok anoki
ano-ki/dtco:' nassingzi'eodiso. B(fig- ikzce o gi-gus-
simrzihcan liizce Dcbcndjigcuidiin. Wedi gijigong
305
JuJ^-Manitd o ^^a-gassi'usihingzvhLan Ir/imdii i^i'i/ii-
nti. John takosl, ( harks dash irinosi; John mhnii-
iio, Peter dash af>dshi/. Afas/iai;os/ a-w a/dhos/d:
mdkija maudshinodog. /Jjgvshha 'ru' -wassak-wafK'r.i-
//ga/id/ijr. (^zvandtchizvaii kid anaini<'-ui\dmii>vu,i.
/ addgzvdnaufshhi, iiinddniss, iiin i>ikad/. Wnci'iii
.'I HI padagzcatn'shkdgotian inizc u-dhoiaiian (blank
cts) g^a-m/Jiianin. Paddgzianaan kikddaii hinikan
gaie tchi takadjissi'zi'au. Miiioss(' kid ijilchiorziin,
iiiii dash nitid ijiirhig^zt'in apin^ (always) mdujis-
se. Aninizvapl ge-pagamdshiiaug- Wikzv'fdoug? Kn-
dog-weti api g-c-pagamdshizvaui>ev: mdkija uisso-di-
haiganeg ki ga-ptigamdshiminddog: Azv ahinddjins
pakissitchigdso; aiub^, zvezv^ni paddgziatia (cover
it!) (wdnima ka-vin ki ndiida7rfssidoi>. f.Ynrf ki
noudon zvczv^tii. Wabamizvamhaueii, kaziiti ki da-
madjdssi. Kishpin zvindamazvipaii azv ikzcr, nin
da-gi-nasikazva azc aidkosid. Kishpin kiniuiii^oi;-
kik^niminogzcdhauoi ga-dddawan, ki da-t-i./Zshau-
J^og'og- gauahdich^
LESSON IJV.
The Suhjunctive Mood and Parlii'ip)e<. of the
negative form, passizr voire, of the
Jhurth rou/ugafioH.
Note 1. The subjunctive mood of the neL'-alive
form, passive voice, is conjugated /ike that of
verbs, end/ng ,n o, of t/ie first con ju oat ion, and so
also the corresponding^ participles, f. i: zvaluwiW^
ossiwan, etc. ""
X
iS^ '
-30f)"
r-V^
U^
<*«»,ii
Ia*- ^.
j\' ''i'
» 1
SuhJHurtive Mood.
Ih'esent /nisr.
Ha^a m i jfossi w fi n
tt'<7/^f/w/ijfossiwanj(
w'(//^^/ ;//i gossi we g
7tv//^^/wigossing
Participles. Present tense.
((<//VM(/;//igossiwan, I who am not seen
2{'<//«7n/;;/ijrr siwan, thou,, ,, ,, .,
Wrt/(f/'/^<^wigossig', he ,i ..
zi'«/V//ww/igossiwang, we ,,
ri'a/V/(^rt7;/ig6ssiweg, you ,,
7frt'/(r//wwng6ssigog, thej ,
if'«/</7;r/;;/igossing, one ,, ,, ,, ,.
Stihj. Mood, luperfect tense.
waArtwigoasi warn ban
«v7/>rtwngossiwamban
a'rt^rt^mgossigoban
«'<7^r/wigossiwangiban
av7/«/?/?igossiwegoban
7:'<7<5rt7;Hgossigwaban
7i'r73«;;ng6ssingiban
Participles. Imperject tense.
7C7//V/7^rt;;ng6ssiwamban, I who Ttv/5 etc.
:£Y//V//w;«igossiwamban, thou,, ., ,.
w/f/zV/i^rt-wngossigoban, he ,, ,, ,,
7t7//V//wwng6ssiwangiban, we,, ,, ,,
zi'f^/f/7aw/igossiwegoban, you,, ,, ,,
Ti-^^/^/^ri-wigossigobanig, they,,
:w/<.'/'f/«/igossingiban, one ,,
1»
wm
"Nolo 2. The only exceptioti tc» tlu- h)h>w rult-
is the third person, sin^uhir and i)lural when it
has not reference to a second-third person in >he
sentence, tor instance;
Siih/ninthc Mood.
A'/s/t/>/)t :rt//ui)M(iss/:i'/H(/. if he is not seen.
zcdixiniiisshtiudu'd, if they etc.
,. 'u'dbcitnimtissizL'ivd, if his, their if. i:
son, sons) is, are not.
,, icdhatiidsshihuiifxni, had he not heen
seen.
,, zvd/uinuhsizviiidzi'dhuti, ,, thev ,, been
seen.
,, zvdixiniivKiS'ihvfm/ifuniy had his. their...
not heen si-cti.
/ artin'p/rs.
^ualdhatudsshiiiid, he who is not seen
W(iidbantdssizviiid;ij^, they, who etc.
zfiiidlxiuu.nnssru'nnt, his their. . . .etc.
zfai'dhanHhsizi'indiluiti, he who zvaa not seen.
:i'(//d/)(/f/idsshv/nd//>(in/^, they, who etc.
zi'(t idixi m /'if iis.^ hi I'fi diha ;/ , h i s t h e i r . . . . e tc .
Note \ Those verbs that end in diva. iaozi-U).
and eu'ii, ieozt'in contract dzvind into aond, r-
zt'iiid into eond, to which then the usual termi-
nations are added, for instauce:
bajibaond^ bajibuoudzva, etc.
pukitcoiidy, pakitfoudwa^
Xiiid diizv^iiima, {<iiini,.niad ) I scold, rei>roach.
him.
,, dnzvhihidis,{aia)i..<iod) I reproach nivself, I
repent; I confess.
Anu'eHindisuzvin, {/)/) Self reproach, repentance.
conversion.
^A'^
-v^
>. .
t'>^
\^
if r
.-^08
\/)i</ 'nwuti/xiu/d, (t'^l^..nnu^) I l«»se si^rht of
him; he (lis;ii)piars to nu".
,, uiiiiZiCtlxniihln, {rui' . .(/an^) 1 lose si^rht ot
it; it (lisappoiirs to me.
(ini/n'vd/xi'u; (cii . .ivid ) I stand leaninjf <m
one side.
., af/i/x'lzirn, (ru...nu/) I lean mv head t<»
one side.
,, aui/n'ssr, (cn..seih 1 lean (m one side.
,. hinhhima, (f>an...vi(i(/) 1 accuse him falsely.
calumniate him.
A7;/ himlhvan, (in. pi. an) my comb, rake, har-
row.
,, hinakwaniuindj, kin. pL in) my tin^rcr, /•/ l)i-
nCik'^vaninindjiu. thy tln^^^ers.
,, hin'jk'i'iii^e, {hcn..}>e(i) I rake, I harrow.
/iinrd'Zi'ciiiian, ( in. pi an. ) rake, harrow.
Xin ^assiniizv(^6iiis, ( gains. .^od) I wipe my face.
,, i>('issin'i;zirzca, (gaias..zvaci) I wipe his face.
,, ^i>dss/nsil>lniiztr, {<iai/is..-ur(/) I wipe my tears.
,, \xissinsil)tni>W€wa, {gaias..wad) I wipe his
tears.
EXKKCISK.
I\is.hpin .<('n;iiiivssi7van, nidkija kin kid indozvin
S(l^iii>(hsizvan ("perhaps its thy fault that thou
art not loved.) Xin bakadf, nin ■:vi-annva}> pak-
zt.-^/iii(insai>: A nin cjiir/iii^ed azv anisliindbckzve zi-r-
df titiiidnini>? Monashlczce; kitchi anoki nionasii-
kzvcd yazirnddi>(>sizfa^ii- zcika aidnzirninuissizc/ndiij^.
/\zL'izvisi!nsai>- zvika a>'iinzLeninnh^iziindJiii- ta-niatrhi-
dddaniog-; oni/ishin aidpi (sometimes) anzvfnimi-
i^cKvadonioii'iiozvan. Ahinodji o j^a l>(/s/uin/<'oj>on «
'kitisinuin;ki's/ipin zcaazu ahinodji nanini^ini bas/uin-
/^oi>vpan, kazvin da-i>i-matchi-abinddjiizt'issi. /i(izv
in/tkininikzi'cg- anishd o gi-hiniihiini^vzian inizr ik
zL'fzL'an: inino os/ik/niQ-ik-urzi'izf<rji, bitiddisizvao; i>
■*f
M)*i-
srii;//oH(i:iit hinidi'^zvin. Azii inlJiii niu hinin.<'if>an
< brush I m'n zvi-hnia-wt'iinan iu/zf ziizcaizvdnan
mi if l>tthisiitizvdi>aii(in. /:'fK/(isso j>///i^tn//tt/^ /\V/V-
Man ltd (> iiis/ilii'iion hnidta-iimiaminidjin. Auislii-
iidhci^, iU(d-(Hi(/zi'i'-u'iiiinizr(i<'- (•iii/n///i^ (valk'd Pilla-
gers) o :ii ni/i^dtidzidii h'hrlii mokomdmni: nisfili-
I'l^dssi'i^zid/xiii I'dzciii (lii-j^ i-iiii'iu/(ins/zi<ii> zii-iiiina
ndzVdd. itdiHihdIch td hdtdiiiozi'di'- j>c-nissii>dt//l^
iiidkdih/zii'zci'ii/iiizi'dn.
Why dost thou scold th.it woman? She stoU-
my hins; therefore I reproach her. Who is he
that is eominj,^ there? It is my lather. Whence
does he come? He comes from liome. Is that wo
man hated hy her neij^hhors? She is hated bv
them, because she accuses tliem falsely. Hv
whom was that boy struck? I d<m't know". Per
hai)s he was struck by that tall man. Sinners,
repent and clianj^e your lives. That man feigns
repentance {diizci'nimiisokdso) (iod hates feij^ned
repentance; he loves true repentance and forgives
those who truly repent. I have lost sight of that
large hawk (kekcJc) I intendt-d to shoot him for
he killed some of my hens. Lean that way (zi'dli
iidkdk^id diiibhs.cn). Lean thy head this way {o-
md iidkdkciii). Bring my comb and soaj); I want to
wash my head and comb it {nin zvi-nasikzve). I
see thy five fingers. I sweat very much and wipe
mv face very often. That poor "child cries; dear
child, wipe thy tears; I will take care of thee
(ki j^d-ii^dndzvcnitnin) Where is the harrow
(drag)? I want to harrow, (iod will wipe their
tears. That woman wipes the tears of her poor
child {o j>-dssinsi6inQ-2i'(fu'an). By whom was that
child struck? He was struck by his companions
(o widJiziHio-dnan). Had those men been punished,
hey would not have done that.
t
••»^^
■»■<:
'•V
r
'\ji'"
— Mif — ■
In'tkkmhdiatp; Exkkcisk.
' Dtihitative'' participles of the ''hirst Case
(I thee.)
itunvduen, I who perhaps.
liToivdnen, we ,. ,,
iiioiioi^^L'awen, I.. ,,
ii'ini'Ci'zi'en, we ,, .,
nioi>^zL'eii, ne ,, .,
i/io^-u'efia!>\ihey,, .,
imnveoweu, he ,, ,,
inowe<iXveJiai>, they,, ,,
• thee
. vou
. you
.thee
1 y
■ VOU
issniozvdneii
ii^ossiu'dnen
issivofioi>zia-
-weii
igvssiivegzi'eii
issinogxi'en
issinog'U'etta^-
issinoii'ei>-u-en
issinozvegu-e-
uag.
IL Xote the great similarity between the affirma-
tive and negative forms.
Nin zvika minazva ge-zviihamissinou'dnen, ki pa-
ifusscnimin nongom trhi ozvaiak himddisian hinish
Irhi niboian. I,' who perhaps will never see thee
acrain, bei^ thee to live justly until death.
Ki gi-matchi-nakzi'etazva azv ikwe, wika ga-ma
frhi-i(anontssinogzi'en. Thou hast answered badly
that woman, who perhaps never spoke badly to
thee.
Mnaivind ketchi-sdgiigozvdgwen mojag, ki mlni-
i^om azv juniia gaic ini'zv agwiwinan. We who
Tove you very much, we give you this money and
those clothes.
A7// gi-zL'dhamag ininizvag ga-gimodiminogzve-
nag ki pijikiman. \ have seen the men, who per-
haps stole thy ox (cow).
Mi na igizv ininizvag zva-nissinogzvdnag? Are
those the men who perhaps want to kill thee?
/i7 jingenimdzvag igizv ga-mino-dodossinozvcgwe-
nag. You hate those,' who perhaps did not treat
vou well.
311-
'\ III nii-)nls/kiru>(imhiig- na ii^iw S(//(iL;//ssi//<rur<>-
-icinii^? Shall we go to those who ('o not love
you i)erhaps?
\iiuni'iiid iici-(fihciamagdssizf^i>zt\ II, {■inv,'n :, ; i>o
y^i :f//i////ss/mni. To us, who 'per i.--.:^ ha\e'"not
p:ii<l you, you do not want to g-ivi ^..nvthin^r.
^»1
LESSON LV.
luniiih conjugation — continued.
First Case,
I thee.
he. . . .thee.
Note 1. The "P'irst Case" gives the termina-
tions, which express the action of the ^/5/ and
Uiird person on the second person, f. i:
• I see thee
we see thee
I see you
we see you
He sees thee
they see thee
he sees you
they see you.
Ill
ininim
igo
ii>oin
/hrsent Indie.
—I.... thee
,, I.. ..you
,, we.. . .thee
,, we, . ..you
,, he. . . .thee
,, they. . .thee
Imperfect.
ininaban
ininimwdhan
ieoniiban
i^oniwdhan
i^ohan
igohanig
Ky^^
»5v-'
i-;?*^'
Hi>
uh-
A
■}"
H^
!!>
»K-'
'irT
:«
;<^
"'■'l
%ti'*
irv:
IgOZL'd
.^2
,, he. . . .you I ii>ozvuf)aif
, , they. .'. .you [ ig ozva Ini u J i,''-
huiicutive aMuoiL
Present tense.
I\i xi'd/hiniin, I see thee
/(•/ zviibammmim. I see you
X-/ u'libiwn^o, we see thee
ki wabann^om,,, ,, you
k'i -uuibaniig, he sees thee
k-i zvdbamigog they see thee
/•/ ■u'abcimiQov^^a, he sees you
i-/ zi'dbamigowiSig they see you
Impsrfed tense.
Ki :f^«/;(/wini laban, I saw thee
ki a'rt<^</wininimwaban, I saw you
ki Tivz/wwigooriban, we saw thee
ki 7i'a(^f/wigomwabati, we saw you
ki irt/(^rt/;ngoban, he saw thee
ki zrrt/^awigobanig. they saw thee
ki jivz/'awigowaban, he saw you
ki -i'aZ-'awigowabanig they saw you
Note 2. AV -.vdbdmii>;o meatis we see thee, and
thou art seen; ki u'dbdmigom, u-e see you, and
you are seen.
Xin ndi>adinima, ( neo- . . mad ) I am accustomed
to him, used to him.
,, na^-adis, (net^.-sid) I am accustomed.
,, naiiadendd?n^, (neg-. .ddnj^ ) I am accustomed.
,, ndiiude/idan, (neo-..ddng) I am accostumed
to it, used to it.
,, mldonia, (naiadowad) 1 fetch or carry him
on my back.
f"
-.^13—
A/// Mddondan, { naiad.. dan^ I carry it on tny
back.
,, zvikoma^ {zvak. .ad) I invite him to a feast
or banquet.
,, iveu'^bandbi, (.wakw..bid) I am fishing- with
a hook.
,, pagi'daiva, (peg.. ad) I set a net (nets) to
catch fish.
,, pagidaiva ussab, (o pagidazvan assabin) I set
a net.
,, pagis, (pegi'sod) a bathe.
,, pagosscnima, {peg.. mad) I ask him for
something with hope.
,, ivcwibia, Kxvaiczv..ad) I hurry him.
,, ■wcwibima., {waieiv..mad) I hurry him by my
words.
,, zvibcma, {zvabemad) I sleep with him.
W'ibemagan, (an. pi. ag) bed fellow.
Exkkcisp:.
iVoss/nan ki bi-zvabamigo ( Father we come to
see thee). Xin kikenhnigug anisf"'vabeg gaie kin
ki kikenitnigog. Kawin niaslii >, 'igadcnimassi-
zuandn azv mckatewikwanaic, kin , nossinan ki
nagadhiimigo. Ki nagadcndan ..a izv anokiwin!
h'azL'in vutshi nin nagadhidansin. Azv anishindbek-
zee o nadoman onidjanisscnsan. hitchi mashkimod
o nadondan azv inini. Ki pagoss^nimin tchi awiian
izv ki wagakzvad: Debendjigeian., ki pagossinimin
tchi jaweniniad azv aiakosid. Kakina gi/igong ebii-
cq, ki pagoss^nimigozvag ogow cnamiddjtg tchi ga-
ganodamazvegu'd. Anishinabedog^ lutchi-Manito
kid iuenimigozva tchi anamiaieg^ tchi oddpinameg
anami^win. Xidji, ki oi-wabamin awassondgo ; ki
gi-zvabamigog gaie igiiv nij ininiwag. Nin sagiag
anishinabeg gaie dash winazva nin sagiigog. A^os-
se, nijing nin gi-nishkiig bcjig inini, gaie dash
nin gi-matchi-dajimig (spoke ill of rae.) Ninidja-
Hi
;»:r
'v^X^li
V,. »•■
KrRr-j-^
*'
-M4-
K-
^t'
'•"-yr ->
i-^,
"\r
.>•"
mo
:cii
I my children!) // XvVr/// S(ii;//n/u/jiJ,
ki mino incuiminiuim. /rs/is ki sdi^ ^^
HZL'a'iak hiiiuhiisiii'g. Aninhi'Upi iicd- odiifimimaii
' Kitchi Jini'cmhiij;ihhvi)i? Xonoofn igo ,i,'//'/i,'wX' /////
^iui-oiitipincDi. h'i iii-hinumig na ki mania/ ^^"fA'fA
';//// oihi)ii6mio. hi oa-/)i,iiomi^i;vu'aj> ua /)e/>i'j\i^vi>-
u(i//ii (Are you g'oitig' <o ride on horseback? Liter-
all v: are horses goinjr to carry you on their
backs?) liuau}^^ Wc^'ib azvi-uadoudan iv.' kiiclii
ma^hkimini opiiiig. Ki we-vibii^ azv ik-ur. Auni
fjitc/iioe'wad niiiid/'anissajii? /ic/'io momiapiui (dijrs
j)otat()es) hcjio \vezccbauiibi, hejii> dash pai>iso.
An in api u'dpagidatL'dieg? Xon^V7n zva-onagoshii*
iiin i>:a-pagidatvdmin. Ki nagadendanna iiv pagida-
wa-l'in? Kazvin mashi nin iiagaddndansin. Ki na-
aadcnimiovg na Mas/tki Sibing daji-anishinabeg?
'\in nairadi'nimii>Oi>. Ki ivibemiovo na kinidjanis-
scnsag/ Xin 'u-'ib^fniovii' sa. Wibt'ndizfag na kii>-
wifscnsag? (tCgei, zcib^ndizi'aii.
Christians live uprightly and (4od will love
vou. Does the teacher like thee? Yes, he likes
'me and he speaks often to me {jianino-im nin ga-
nonii^:) Did he hurrv thee when thou wast pray-
ing "( /i7 oi-zL'Czi'ibimigna g-i-iinamiaian?) No. I ask
thee to pray for my sick sister. I will prav for
her. Did those fishermen set their nets? They
did not vet set their nets? When do they intend
to set them? They intend to set them tomorrow
morning. Thev are now too tired. How many
l)ovs went fishing? Five went fishing and two
went hunting. Did thy father invite any one ft)
a feast? He did not. Do those half-breeds speak
English; They speak English, French and Chip-
pewa. Did that w^oman speak to thee this morn-
ing {/eba?) Yes, she spoke to me. .-^re those wo-
men angry at thee? I don't know.
iU
-M:
I am perhaps,
thou art ,,
he is (by),,
we are ,,
you are
they are by,,
he is
thev are
I N T H K M K n I A T i<; K X I-; i< c I s 1-: .
/'(isshr \ o/rc, Duhitation form.
' . ii^omidog
. .i go mi dog
• • igodogenan
. . igomiuadog-
. . /gomzcadog-
. igozvadogenan
/gvss/m/dog-
/g-oss/m/dog-
i!>ossido<>r)iaii
igossimiHiidog
igosshnz'.'adog
igvssizvadogcuaii
assidog-
(issidoi>'C}ia(>\
.... adog
.... a doge nag
Note. The terminations of the neg-ative form
are like those of the affirmative with ii^oasi
placed before them iigo affirm, /goss/ negatizr.)
Makija kitchi sagiadog azv mino mekatewikzcan-
air, perhaps that jrood priest is much loved.
Jingenimadogdnag igiiv mctchi-dodangip, perhaps
these evil doers are hated.
Pangi apitenimddog aw ikzve, perhaps that
woman is little esteemed.
hazvin gzvctch nibizva ta-minassidogcuao, per-
haps they will not be g-iven much, receive much.
O gi-zvdbamigozviidog^nau iwisan, perhaps they
were seen by my father.
Kazvin o gi-hashauj(^ogossizfadogf}nan onigiigo-
zva/i, perhaps they have not been punished by
their parents.
Perhaps I shall be punished if I steal apples.
Perhaps you will be ill thought of, if you do
that. Perhaps my son was not treated well. Per-
haps we shall be robbed, if we go to town. Per-
haps you will be stared at, if you dress so. Per-
haps they will be made sad by their wicked chil-
dren.
ff{
Hil
■'-Ik
■'«-,,
■f,-
m
•7#Pf'
-viOlfc
f^
'■'A
: J
"iil>*
;,!(,
LESSON LVI.
/•//•</ r i/-«% ^ otitinned. ( outnided krmniafi'o/is:
Note Verbs ending in zva contract their ternii
nations in the -First Case": 1, he... thee, a-
follows;
uui'n is contracted invo on {otiinim)
fni'/ii (dozen/ ),,
riL'iii ( CiKi-i'ii ! , ,
iizvi.'^ »»
I'ru-i'i;- (ciott'/iil
rziu'o- '■eozc {<:,■),,
„ lion Uivunitni)
,, ,, eon ^eouifiini)
,, .1 ^fii: <''A''f'A'' Cv^ozvii, Ciiio
zvoii; 1
,, aoo ((loj[^Vii\ uosozva, lio-
i>vzriiii '!
,,n>/>-f (coi*-og, coj^ozcei, coi>ozf(ii>).
Paradif(m.
h'i zc'/ndciiuon, I tell thee in in zi'imhtmim'a)
., :r /;/</(/ woninim, I tell you.
hi bajilnxon. I stab thee ^ nin hajHHr.i.'a^
.. /;r///7;aoninim, I stab you
A7 pa ki icon, I strike thee
,, ^^^//CvVeoninini, I strike you
h'i zvindiimws^, he tells thee
., zvhidam^%o\^ they tell thee
A7 haii'lrAO\i, he stabs thee
., /)(iJi7niogog, they stab thee
AV pakiteog, he strikes thee
.. paki/cogog, they strike thee etc.
Xind aiinio-wamima, {eiaH..mad) I recommend
him to do somethinj^ etc.
(Ijoire, iaiajoord) I walk over a bridge.
\ioomi/('n- M (i>i) a >^-idge,a wharf.
AY/;;/ cd'<wuru'a, ieL.ti'ed) 1 lurk, I he in waii
tor nim.
.. alcokomida^fike. (rk..kcd) I knit stockings.
— .^1-
/ -
.)k(>l-o»i/(/(issii-ezc/u, (ill) knitting.
Akokoinichiss, (iu pi. mi) u st(»ckin<».
.\i)i zfiifoi-azi'd, i ti't/..zi'a(/) I lu'Ij) hitn.
,, bapi»oda-.va, i haiiip..zs.\id ) I ];iu«4li at h\x\\.
,, nandouniui, ( nciu.zcad) I seok for him.
,, d(is/:/i'zi>c:ra, {/>(i/u<;,,7r</</ ) I !)]eetl liiin.
,, iiajindamaiva, (eud.^zvad) I siK.'ak of some-
thinyf concernin;; liim, or to him.
>. iiai>'zirdiim, (^c<^:.naii) I fevl him.
,, _ii(ii:'zird//w(i, (^ri(..ni(id) I ask him.
,, i^izccna/azca, ( i^(izc:.zi'(id) I send him homv.
^. inliuijazca, [en..zvad) I send him.
,, madjiiuijazvo, (tnaituL.ziad) I sen<i him away.
ExiCKCisjc.
•\///i((/(hi/ssido^\ Xv' ai(iiii>zc(iiniiuiniiiif)i zcrzm/i
fch'i (indinidiejr ^zvcshkosii^oon i^d/r ^fzcK^/iiiiioic-
i^o/i (when you rise and when you j^o to l)ed. s
/\'/d akcaiiag azv viatrki iniiii; ki zvi-Hi'ssii^. /na^/i
^'*' ^V*^^'^'"' <iJo^^da. Azv ikzve ki <ii-<hi//iid(iJ)iai;
Aid ijru'fhisixt'iii, ki diniumozvinau i:;<iic. Ki uuudo-
iieog- A-ii*a, ki zvi-i>iziri/(i/'(io_<^. (ii-akosiiav ki i^i-ha-
skikzcrajy- mashkikizviniui, hi i^a-zfiWoka^oziCii^ /x'-
iii:idi:fidiio: J\i biipiiioddgozvu inv abinod/i. h'i ^i-
i^(i<^zfcdiftiovi>- oo-ozc iiiiiiizfu^ hi zfi-i^di^urdiiii/i
^'/(i. hi ii'i-ii<ii>'i'cd/iviii^o^ fit/ in/'zr (i/fi/iod/iiao.^
Xi/i oi-i>(ii>;-zird/iniii>og- sit. Atiiiidi kid dkokotiiida^
Sdiir
h'i oi-zca/nwn'o- jui dZi-iia j^i-^izcd.^/ikzir/iiidii
'idiii
lieji
IL>
nidz
kdzi'iii ddsh niii i>'i-gizvds/ikzir/)issi, kdzciii ovie iiin
iii-7}idZL'ibissi\ pdiii>is/ie i very little ) ;//;/ 'i>i-nii}iik-
zi-e. h'i gi-inotdg azv iuini; i>dikil(,idiiiii ikkifozciii-
dii, iidssal) (over ag-ain) gi-ikkito, (ieoct nin md-
nu'ddzvetiddvi: uazvatch zvezceiii nin o'd-i>ondzvatiii-
dis. h'i g-i-zvahauduti tni viii niiiozvdzvdkiwindn.'
("ur burying- ground, cemetery), h'dzriii nin oi-
ki
.:f
.us-
::A^^
it^'
A
•rtX
r.
'^^h'i
■\-,
on kikino,im,uiinii. Mnilaniss, ki .i,.7-;;/-/</////<//'/"A'
;/,/ ,/:r /;///// owki/.r.rm/.^ /:\ mil .i,'' »'<i<0""'/""M-
kazciii n<iir nlii ii/-,/i7>,i,ini<iM"Ssi ( lu- <lul not i>:iv
mc). 'An.iiii,ik.niii<: «/./// o/r/ii/r/uii^vniai: srssrsstiA-r
s.nnn: (tlu-v burti ;nul Wioin. hunr,s,'usnf,>i:^, ki^f
i.;;//vW>/'"'"(vou an- noisv ) /'/>'/;/ .//<//*'a' • /'"Y'u
hisai, ,ii,issi:iro\ ki i;,i-/>as/i,iii/<'oii/iin,i (1 ^sl.all
nutiish vou.) 7\/ i:i-ni>//k(n//'\i:iiiioiii,ij <i:rini: .l:r
/X:rr ///;/ oi-nis/d-iuiji i^.tnoniii, inn^/io iiis/,k,iiiis,,
i,{ ami nuit,hi-iliH{,i:l'ass{:c„o, potch mil iiis/ika,//si
'/,io- (she is aiifj^ry al \m\)
When will thv niotluT return homo? I «lon't
know. Didst thou tin<l hor things (aiiokaiO/ii,i-
iuin\ hor soissors. hor thitnblo an»l hor ijoo.llos/
u> oaiidiiii>:iiis:>on unit' o j,ihoiitiiaii'in.) 1 lounc
hor'sdssors an.l hor noo.Uos, but I <U«1 not hml
hor thiniblo. Whv, dost thou woop.-' Dnl the
toaohor punish tJieo? Did ho strike theo.^ He
punished mo r..r nothing. 1 was not making
noise; John was makin^r fun (onihaknmiois,) Did
he send the seholars homo? He sent thetn homo.
Did thev hunt (look i't>r) my book? or ( ^> .i,'/-m/;/-
ihi :i-iibiimi<ni<ni'ii no tiiti inasithiionn ! ) {ntn iii-naii-
iiazi-ii/HViiicinuiiiVii no niu masiimioaiif f.ri^cf A-/
oinanihizvahiimianiaiiVii- ki imi^nuiioan, o ni iiiiko
lunva oiilt'. Yes thev searehed for thv bo„k and
thev found it. Did "the tish swallow thy hook.''
(AY oi-iioiuhmuii- no iiin"^'^ ^^'^ swallowed my
hook.' D"id the robber rob thee of anythinf^r/ ( /w
oi-nnikamio- na ^Ci^o makamhie'd'iiiiuif^ He
■n>bbed me of all ttiv monev. Did that K^irl steal
anythin^r front thee? She stole from me twenty
live dollars.
M .U^4.,.,-
m
.43'"''- •■■yz:,
ifw^f
:\]>i-
Inti.kmi.ih ATj.; Iv\i,i<(, isi .
H I am |)trlia]»s
/i'OU'tft/l'iff
ii^ozrci^u'cn
thviiKhid-uun
iliossf.riiiirii
/rossiv-wni
i^ossiicc^-.rc})
ifss/'-r/ntrr//
ih.^izviihhcd-ut'n
Ni.tr. Soc rrmark in fon*jr,,injr iniciwnila/, v\-
\\\\si\ It has a vt-ry widf aj>])lii ati«»n.
m'u<i(ii>osit)i. Y<»ii ari> (K'scfvin^r ,,f * unijMssior, it
yoii are p('rhai)s not luliM-d.
\\\ whom will tliat !«>>• l)e seen?
XiiUKiiKfJ /,foi> _iir-(/(>(l,izL'<nn'n(hc izftti, I don't
know what will Ik- (hmo to tlu-m Miow tluv will
1)1- treated ).
.\:fri^:r('ii(/>i idoo L^ii-i'tinodiini^o-uuii^ztru.'' \',\
whom may thinj^'-s have l.een stolen from tlnin?
( (.'crnuiii 7'(fn ztrm siiid s/r rirlldrhl hrs/o/ni zcur
<{ni.^ )
Xm 1^(1 zvi-i; ()(/// kikonhini, lis/ip/n 'nd-nitift l/i i-
j^ozcdnen, I will try to lind out wj.. tlu-r I have
been perhaps ill spoken «)f.
Was that boy seen hy his motlier, when he
struck his sister? I don't "know whether he was
seen by his mother, but he was seen bv his fath
er. Are those people liked? 1 think thev are not
liked. If those robbers be eau^ht, thev will be
handed immediatel\-.
Zl
^\
*)^v^
C^-^^t:,
Ik's^'
-.■^20-
LK.SSON LVIl.
///'5/ (\isc, continued. Xetiative Jonii.
Tcrmimitions of the Indicative mood.
Present tense.
xssinoH
I thee not
ossinon
If '» "
hossinon
,, n «•
eossinon
H »1 "
issinoninini
I.. . .ytm not.
ossinoninini
»» »f <»
dossinr '''lim
«. «» "
eossinoninini
M »» "
'\^ossi
we ... . thee not
Sijiossi
,, ., 1.
Kogossi
»f •• '
eoi>ossi
,, .. »»
\gdssini
we . . ■ . you not
diQassini
,, n »»
diogvssini
,, n »'
togossini
,t " "
'\<rossi
he . . • • thee not
Ki>ossi
,, 1. 1'
noa'ossi
** *
»♦ " "
COi^OSS/
M " "
ii>vssi^^-
they .... thee not
dii>OSSlg-
,, 1. 5»
siog-ossig
1
eog'i'ssiii' 1 »1 '» '•
ii>()ssiu'(r
he . . . . you not
ki^ossi-wa
»t " "
Kogossiiva
1 »» '♦ '♦
togossiwa
■itea^lB|B
■^
wmm
n
-321
tlti-v
\<tll Hot
Inipcrjcrl frn>r.
\ssiiioiiiii(if)tiii
^•ofsiuiiiiiud/Kiii
*>.^s///t>/f/n/>ii:rtf/>tf//
\i> OSS in (I ha II
'•ys^oss/iKi/xijj
''i<\^(>SSIIl(//>(/ll
<^^\i;oss/ii(i/>(///
\iiossim-u'a/)(iii
Aiiossiin-uahaii
'Ay\i>oss/iiru-ii/>(in
^^\ii(>ss/mzv:t/i(in
i <joss//)(ifi
ossihaii
iioi^ossifid/i
e<\i^ossi7f(f}/
[i;ossi7)(nii\>
''ii>VSSl7)llll/n
iiO!>ossi7Hni/i>
v(\i;()ssi7)(in/n
yiiossizi'dhaii
iiiiossizvahait
ii<\i^vssizi'aheni
'^y\iiossizc'abafi
!'" -4}-.
•V^lb
::tZ\
^5v^-
"I
r
>•
— .^22-
y
Z'i "I.
Xi
.A
\l^<i.yS/:i.'(lf'tlH/li
NoU- 1. As ilu- j.lK.vc-xrivi'ti iMradiifin sIionw.
(lu- contnut.-.l forms havo tho siinio UTimnalums.
;,s Uk- ro^ruL.r; all tho .liffi-n-iuo is m ll.c vcwcl.
whiol. pnrr,/rs tho termination, whuh is / lor
tho r<-///r//- t«»rms an<l o, no, >•<>, lor the an, I rue I -
ril forms.
Noto "^ 'Pill- ahnve nolo applios ti. the uljinini-
/\ni/n/>/rs, ofllu /*cisshr \o,rr, <nn/ of Ih I n>f
r,,.sr. Tho Chippewa scholar will please remem
her this important remark.
/ \i nidi u, III-
/ur.cii/ k-i :.7//;<///Aissinon. I see thee not
:.v/Ar////issiniminim, 1 see you not.
Kn-.iu ki ;:7//'(/;//ij,^ossi, we see thee not.
,, ri7//'(/"/ifJ:«'»ssim. ,, .. y«»" -<
Ka-l-iii k'i :.7//^/«i^n>ssi, ho sees thee not.
., ::v//'(/^"i^<>ssijf, thoy,, .,
Kin^iii ki ::7^/;«///aj,n.ssiwa. he sees you not.
., :;(//v//;/iK<>^^i^'^^'*^^^'.^'" '• - t't*..
Mmi ajidaiui, ^ aiaj..,iuul ^ I vontra.lict I'i'". •'"'
swer him disres])cclull\.
„ aiidckav:a, ^ aiai...zi-cni ) I miss him don't
tnoet him, on Ike roiut.
. ajidc^^a, iaiai-uuni^ I miss him, travollinu
•' in boat, or water.
alcla, ifie/ud^ I move backward, draw back.
;; a/c/ckok/, ir/..kid) I step backward, make a
" •' • step backward.
(//VV>ssr, icj..seih I walk backward.
'.', cimimikinva, {cn..:.w/) 1 salute him.
:-|*^
'^2^-
k-ijokiniddifniii.
.. /f\i:>'u(/anuf:ia, < a/z/.C. •-<"/' I liati-' snm,.tlii„u
.... iH'loii^rin^r or apiHTtJiitiitii.- t.. hiiir
.. Xv//. :.7/. iht/..:r„(/< I warm or rvwartii s..,,,,.
an. olijtit.
.:.;t,/^ I warm liim. Ivitij. witli
. . liiiii.
' Xv//..f //</// M, ,vi- warm ra. Ii
.. h/o,„h- <ku/..k,;/ ms ;,rms .r.- war,..
.. kiioiumi,,, <ki,i..i{iiJ^ mv I. at,. Is .-.rf war..,.
,, X7/^>A, i^ia^osuh I am wan...
k-iio$hi„, U-ai..ii,<^^ I li\. war.ii.
-- k;(/osf(h', ii<,J..dr,h my liot an- warm.
i^ warn. < it, a l..<Iy,. ,,r
lll'llSO. )
'^i'(h \ a„, a Mryrc.
■(ik-iss/'ji, I l)K-ukt'„ a
./ » ■'•'•/••tjrii ;
kiJofi\ il(f/(i/rut it
Diiikatci^'itoii uiiti"-
or
III II I,
slli'l'.
K.m:kci.si:.
j,^hpnunHui. /un.n> nu„hl /•/ ^i-dilnuu,ui^o<!!
lu^o ,c,ka ajniemakn, ///■///> //y/,,,, , tl,v i.a,v,tts ,
.'■/;/ -^'^'-"^ "^'^''''.'"<^'f'('/'.;' •• '' ,;'/-////i.'^'//;/:r./;/ dash.
.. -p>„d^ emiaiaui^ MdakoknSai^ auimf 'hkinoa^
»u,-,cnui,,j^ ahnuniiiia^.; a„nu/ dash no^n^aha- ,.
/'^1' i>ai>amna7na-'nan iU. pray for m.-. , /,:>,.
< n a^vajohu a sasa^isncn. Xn, k^/o,ukc' .(/an
kU'snie, ^^ajr Ann k,,nnind„\ _^a/r nishin,ria,. ki
''>hwoo n,banan,no: Ckar/rs' n,akafr:.i:.r, ^/a,n-<
.r
*)^^
^^'^'1
-;^24-
"h
^
■frV
^as/^ -.vahh/ikh^r. Mike o makatcz.'Homn, nin nuli-
l.,hn h..w is tbv father, today ."He is not
w. 1 he "auL^ht coUi lately and he hes sick in
o< 1 he vou. but 1 do 'not sec you Does John
ear me" He does not hear thee, n<.r do we hear
ee \v^come to tell thee that thy son ^^^^
irowntnl in the lake. He was skating on the lee and
broke though and went down, i i::>i(ousabn. \ do
o 'kml:^ you, 1 have never seen y^ Du^ th<.e
,, .« t,.n tiipe that mv horse is sKk.' iNo, tne\
"no S me DW-they listen t., thee wh™
; ;lst thou i,re.chV The,. ""' ""^ .'-^'".J",™;
i/v/-'/// ///// oi-psnidiinossiii) the> hate to near
of (;od Dost thou he warm," Yes, 1 He warm, u
s l^rm here; mv hands and feet are warm. (,od
doJs not love vou if yo« don't pray. John w
t mv vou. nor will those men pay you. I nmH
eed tiiee, \\ thou wishest it U-hhpn, meudaman .
Did thv parents punish thee? My mother pun
ished me, but my father did not,
Intkkmkkiatk Exkkcisk.
Second ( 'dsc DiihiUitive form.
Thou me perhaps /'/ idoi^
,, . . . .i)iiidoi(
'', nin.. ../i>odoj>-
iu-odooenan
ki . . . .munadoo
., . . . .iniimido^
nin (ki) iovncido^-
nin (ki) ioonddooenoLi
V»)U .
he. .
they
thou
vou .
he . .
thev
.me
.me
. . .me
, . .us
. .us
.us
. . .us
issidoii
issim/do^u;
ma
-325 —
/^i;oss/(/on-
^hlo)itiii!^- ki
tss/ni/'tuidvi^-
Mi-(ftiucf/i*nJ(/oi>; j)erliai»s tliou
IA/7/yV, /./ . I -J thoufrhest nie in town,
ha urn k, sagiissnlo!^-. perhaps thou dost not lovo
/U/u,/. .6/ .;'/-;/.>;.././i.v..s>7././V..;^.v/rAo-, perhaps tlicv
A/ ;^./V/:.v//;.,,;,/,/..„, perhaiis thmr'Hkos/ t'''"''' "^
lA,/./;. / • '^ i"-tucij/>. inou iiKest to see mt\
Mak,ja kau'„> ^>u ga-.-imim,nii.o,si,uuiou ,.,,, ,";.
A- • 7 ■ , . ^^P^ ^*^ ^^'iJ' «<>t teil us thai
^a-.n. h ^oshn^i^ur^ado^. perha,,s you do not
A7..7-^^/r/^,W/,,,/,^,,,,,/,^^^^^^,^^ j,,,j,^^j,^ tl!i:vhalv
J. , . <l«)rte ba<i t4> us.
Does he wi>.h us harm? iVrhaps he <lo.'s wish
me harm DkI I not see thee in own vesterd- v'
\n^ Tl'^'^^ ^^^; •'"^' --e-here'hta'm.t
m toun, for I was not in town x^sterdav Will
t .ose men abandon us? Perhaps thev will n
■'I'Hndon us. Did they sjxeak ill of me'' Perh u
Har us? I think she did n.)t hear us she w-,s
oo tar away Will those youn,. men min< uk-
"H . i fjo not hate thee>
.;f-
"•*■»
'i
dr
\ >
2-^
ps:*
»• ■'>'
K. Jit
^••^:
1''
\
.-,
vli
-
W'
■% "
<f <ir
M"
> -
f
- «■
A.
,.-*■.
4'
-.-■^
«5'
'■-t
-.^2«.-
LKSSON LVIII.
/•■//•«;/ Casc—Coulniucd.
S„l,j„„.lnr .\M. .,Jin,u,liv. am/ „c^aln<- Jon,,.
i//r/;/, if I. -thee
\ooiaii, it" wcthoe
AOOIllll .1 '• "
i<;r>/Vi,'-, if wc..y«)U
;i <,'■<>/<' i,'' 1.
ac)i,'<'/<'.i,''.'
»1 • •
oo<,'V'/V'i,' .,
* * » '
iX-, if he.
.thee
OA', .< «»
f »
aoX".,, .'
* ♦
e«>A" .. »'
» <
i/(-:t</, if
they. .thee
oX'ti-V^ ..
< • « '
ao/'tiV/,,.
11 "
eoX'tiV/.,.
.1 "
i //<'!,'■, if
he., you
oH(\<^\ ,<
11 > •
aoz/ri,',,,
11 1'
CO ;/r <>■,,,
»1 "
not \.<s/ii(ni'(ii/.
,, liOSS/lKrU'dll
COSSStflOZi-'llU-
eoi^.^/iiondi^'oii'
not [ovssizc'di/
a.!>()<;siz!.'dn
1 1 \s
i\Oi>VS^/li.'dlf
• 1 « '
eoo'o^s/ti'dif
not ii;v^s'.</:t'''.i,'
.1 aoi,'V>5S/:(.r:,'
not \sfiifo<i
,, ao>-5/'/"A''
,, eossiiioii-
n«)t '\ss/i/oi>"^'d
ossinooz^'d
,, Aossiuoiizcd
not i-s-.</;/<>xi'<"A''
0O55/«<'^i'<'.i:'
:ispr
»- ' • '<Mr"
T.i';<i tin!
-^^:>7-
if/r<^:c(/, if tliev..vou
^^nc^zca, ,, ,; " ,,
iMnco-wa
oo//r;':i7/
PlitpcyfWl len$t\
mamhau had I tlici- j J.^inoz^amhrn,
\r\aii^onoha)i vou
not
* •
»
>.
»'0,s-.s7//ry:rv<'::7/
-^
Y^oiaiiihdii,
'xkihan
Wizi'dbaii
,, we tlu'o
., ,, yoii
,, he theo
,, Ihev tlu'c
>, he you
,, thev vou
1 \^siiioU(ii>-i)i><>/)iin
iss/f/oi-zvcr/u,//
N<>te 1. In the above paradijr.n „f the ////Av-
^r/ /r//.sr we have omitted the roulrarlcd zoir/>
<V ao, eo, etc which />rrrr(/r the usual termina
tions, as they are suthciently jriven in the jmra-
<lif,'-m of the prcsetil tcns^c.
Note 2. To form the Subjunctive M,„,d. add
the above terminations to the nn.t of the verl)
\. i: :t7//;^/winan, :c7^/;f/;;/ik, etc.
■Mil nUuiie-aiamhu we are in a row ( nihhic refers
, ^1 ' ,,, • - , , ,. to a row or line.
„ uihui^bimin, i nab..n(/in ^ we are sittin^r in ;,
s. nihhi^ugzcawin, ( iiah..(/Jii> ^ we are sleeping-,
•/ . , , Ivin^- in a row.
,. mhozc'indivu < neku/aun) I kill" it
,. iiifxkcinike, {nch..ird)'\ have a <lead arm ( bv
nih(h.'ini„dji. inefK.dJnh I have a dead 'h anil
■/,••. , < by palsv ).
nihozLumie, {ueb..ded) I have a dead" foot "
pusMwozirwa. (pes..zLHui) I strike him on the
cheek.
■' »
> >
> «
i^
I ♦
'V,
m
'■■\\
M
r'
m"
•"»,
K:<
:- "»
< j;'
1 ^
V i*
*"\«,
^
i.
„-*..-*.
^s
-r--
i^
-1>
/
.^2«
,. /)(/»/'//. .•:.•,:. v/, (Ar^iW) I strike hini in llu-
,. !nt<^<^ii(oiic:La, < ha^..zi'itii , I strike him on the
in'>utli.
,, />(ii4(i.<h{/r:rtr, ( />ri,'-. . :rr/</ ) I strike him on the
'' ■ ' bare skin.
.. o/ii/>(ihi/u/^/\<, izfem..sid) I l)lay in a noisy
manner.
Uw/>(ihiwi^/s/:r/i/, u'n ) noise,, noisy amusement.
Xinci onihiiiikcu, {zce/ii..ii/(/) I lift up my arm.
(hiihi^hiii, pt<("cr//ii(iu, the bread rises.
X/iuf o/n/>/sn.(U,' i\c'C»i..(/cn/(/) I lift up my toot.
., ii/ss/7()/<ruui, (;/r.s-..:iW) I understand him.
,, ///ssrur^(>(///'», n/(i<../ffii) I am raf^ired, my
clothes are all torn.
.. auikaiiotazcii, uii(ni..iiuiii ) I interpret him,
( his words ).
L^KKKCISK.
h'lnviu mi ki uis^^iloluiiossi azv iuiui'i (>(\^r/, iiiii
nissitotai(. his/ipni iiissilotos^iiioo; ki zci-aniktnio-
/(>//, mi''^(/a.^/i Ichi uis^itohk, iidic ighv aiiimi (and
those others) trhi nissilotohcd. Xcnij <i/)nio((//f(i,^-
iiibiiichhvaii kikim 'miicii:L'ioan!i<>otii>, amimicwipi-
niiiiviio- iictununi /un/ni-di^- iiihuicbizvag /ma kitr/ir
iiihaoaniiiii- i/{S.<zr/ kzi'izh/i^o/sai^- n/i'uh'ujj; zcjzftiii
(sleep in a row) Kitinuiiiisi <ru' initii: iiilwzjniikr
o-aie )iihozc'isi(h\
Maichi /iKiazi'iiiinizvay o oi-hassiiio-zvczL'tiivtiii Di
hoidjii^riini/iii. Xindaiiiss zvcoonen zvaidji-iiunvii-
an?' h'i iii-lHissin^i>zi'eoi>- na azi'iia? /urwiii azi'iia
iiiii ni-h(isi.iiii>zveoiiossi', iiiiui akosiiiaii uihuUni *I
hav»r toothache) 'mi zvendji-mazviiaii. his/ipin azu
in pakitcok. keoo kin ajidn pakitezvakcii. Omhi^luii
pakzirjindii.
hi da-iii-tniuiii /oiiiia kis/ipin o^i-zcabamindniluni.
kazvin du^/i ki oi-zccihamissinon, (izciid dasli hckaii-
-;^2<i—
>si(/ tini oi-nniui. /urwiu o iias/di/ussiiKnca mutch i
ni(uiitoi>- tchi IxiiiiiciJi/HCiizca kishpiu panossenimcn,
/\oss/:iui ^i>{//i>onii- chid /r/ii tiadtinionfn- (to help
you) hinviii niii niunvalnnuiausin (un/nU-dmii^/si-
u'Hi, kazi'in ^a/'c ii/'ii hu'iizl a /xi massif uhimHijiia^-
of'tm zirin/)(U-anit[oisiciJin: Xu(//\ omhiiiikcuin ! Xni
(Kvatunviloii xvi-omhiuikou'iiui, n/'ii nihtnviiiikc. Xi
Innvisidc mi azv inindimoic? /unciii iiihozL>/s/iie<:si\
</zr (/(fs// (/k/zcrs/ nilwzL'iiiiudii. hi ki/ivia^ruimiiii-
////// (I pity you) (ipei>/s/i o(is/ik/((>hhn()(n'i tchi ja-
zir)uiiiiniii>oo, kid iiiciiiiiiiiiiiiifii. I\i <>i passtiiiozcc.
o^- mi iizi' oshkimiiLrzi'i;fh? (ic<;ct, i/iii' i^i-kitchipas-
sanozvenn: h/ oi-txissinoziroo] iiin ^a'ic uin i^idxi^-
^idoncon: ficoct ma tchi < -^hkimncczl-i. hi oashkiton
mi tchi omh/sidciiiiiiii? hazcni Inipii^h uin nashki-
tossin tchi oml)i$idcuiiiiii, uiu nihozcisidc su.'^
If the priest can assist you, he will assist vou;
he IS kind-hearted {miiiodco and pities the poor.
If those had not seen you and talked to vou,
they would have j^one home hung-ry. Did that
man understand thee, when thou spokest to him?
He dul nt)t understand me. How manv lang-uaijes
dost thou speak? (A uin das&ini>- /xinikan onvci-
iin?) I si)eak seven different lanj,'uag-es, {ni/zca-
tchiiii>- bciuikan iiind iuzvc. ) Does thy wife speak
Chippewa? No. she docs not speak Chippewa,
Imt she speaks French and Knj^-lish. Had that
heg-jrar {miiidotamaoczciniiii, miudotama^ckzve) un-
derstood thee and spoken to thee, he would have
received bread and pork from thee. Did the
priest put thee out of church? (/i7 i>i-sinndiuiii^
mi mckiiiczL'ikziuimiic amit)iicu'ii>(imii>oug?) Whv did
he put thee out? He put me' out W nothinj> ia-
nisha); I drank a little too much lately and had
married another, woman, because my 'wife had
left me (niu s-i-iKro^at/igohdn) Thou art a bad
man if thou habitually drinkest and livest in
concubinag-c {kishpin gaic anisha zvidigemad ik-
li
w
IH*
-^M)-
'k.
Z4
m
fr\>
^.j^.
T£7'. ) Father, I will put away that woman (;////
i^d-ziehina ww ikzLr.) and I will ^ivo np drinkinj,^.
Mv friends, I am j^lad to see you.
Intivkmkdiate Exkkcisk.
If
I perhaps... thee iiiowdncii
we , ,
he ,,
thev ,,
I ■ „
we
he
thev
,, loo'U'tnie)!
,, /'noi>zi't'n
,, inoi^wiizven
vou inouoii'zva-
zvcn
,, ioozceozL'cn
,, mozveoweu
,, ///ozceifzc'ci-
/ss/nozc(i//('//
/i^oasru'fif/i'fi
/SS/)/O^Zi'Cf/
iss/l/Ol^Zi'dZl'CH
issiuonoi^zi'iizvcn
/oos.</zce^zveu
/ss/f/ozc'C^ii zvcn
-urn I iss/fiozcrj>zi'(izcrt/.
Kishpin zvaiahanu'ssinozi'ancn, kci>v niiii^ot ineui-
niishikcn, if I do not see thee, don't think any-
thing- wrong- of me.
hid iuendam na tchi zvidjizviiau? hi i>;a-zvidji
zf/'u, kishpin dash iiCi>v oiinozvdurn, kn^o halm-
madjimokcn! Art tliou willing to go with me? I
will f^o with thee; but if I should say anything-
to thee, do not go about and tell it.
Kishpin niupoichi i>r-zc'a/Hini ii>vzvanen , ki ga-ha-
ha-zvidjiwigo, if we happen to see thee anywhere,
we will g-o around with thee.
Kishpin zva-dcbzvetossinotveowau'en oo-ozc kzi'izvi-
sensag zi'ezveni ki ga-hashaujezvazvag, if those boys
do not want to obey (believe) you, you are to
punish them well.
Did I do anything wrong to you? I think thou
hast not done us any wrong-. Did those men
work faithfully for you? I think they did not
work well for us. I believe I saw thee in town.
Perhaps thou didst see mc. Wilt thou perhaps
lend me one hundred Dollars.^ I cannot lend thee
.^.^1
money, for I have no money, hut I may jj^i^'"
thee some provisiims and clothes. Wilt th<m j^^o
with me this eveninj^? I think I will ^o with
thee for a short time.
LKSSON-LIX.
/•/■/->■/ ( asc — continncii; participles of the affirma-
tive and negative form.
Affirmative form.
Present tense.
in an I who..
.thee
inai>oi>- ,, ,, .,
.you
igoian we who..
.thee i
ii>oiei>- ,, ., .
.you :
/X' he who... thee
ikig they,, ... ,,
ineg' he who... you
ine^o^ they,,
Imperfect tense.
indmhan, I who... thee
inagoi>-ohan I ,, ...you
iitoiamhan, we who... thee
ii>oiei>oha}i, ,, ,, ...you
ikiluDi, he who... thee
/Xvbani^, they,, ... ,,
megoban, he who... you
///^^>v>banig', they,,... ,,
I
Xegative form,
/^resent tense.
issinozcan
issinonagog
iiiossizcan
/i^'oss/zceg
issinok
issinokig
issino'weg-
issinozi'Cgog
Imperfect tense.
issinozvCimban
issinonag ogoba)i
igossizvaniba)i
igossizuegoban
issinogiban
issinogibzLuig
issinowegoban
issinoweg obani tf
Note. The terminations of the participles are
"■W%
1
'iL^ij
1
fTHk-i 1
1
**-^m\
1
'•'jTi^Sk
1
y^^Mm
1
' "'T^^^w jlzjM
ii
i"
.<f%t
1-
V-
J-'r'
I
-i-
t .
-3.^2-
'ki
>
'!■?
l-^i
"V
«>,
iS4. I
l
... ..^
1.1;
the same as those of the oorrespotnling" Suhjutli.''
tive mood, except the foUowinj^:
Subj. /Xwa issinog'wa
Part.
Subj.
Part.
Subj.
/;/ri>'wa
/.s.s/wr^zi'rt'Wa
4^
/X'waban /.s\s7';/^>'_i,''wabaii
Part, //•ibatiig' /s>;//iog'i\rAni{r
Subj. ///egwabari /.N".s///^>iiri;waban
Part. /V/rgobaaif^ /ss/i/o-u -^obanig.
A7// ii/hid/, (i>tihi((//(f) I am cold, I feel cold.
,, takiulj^ (tck.Jid) I catch cold, become cold.
,, niuingadj, (ncn.Jid) I am very cold, trem
ble with cold.
,, gikadjiuiudji-vadj, {giik...jid) my hands are
coUL
,, gikadjisiddzvadj, (i>ak..Jid) my feet are cold.
,, gikadjitinvag^zi'ddj, (gak..Jid) my ears are
cold.
,, mokiL'iidj, {mzvak..jid) I weep from cold.
,, zL'cbishima, {zi'aich..mad) I throw him down
on the y-nmnd,
,, wchiiia, (zvai''J>..mad) I throw him away, re-
ject, abandon him,
,, tvcbinan, Kzvaicb..mitig) 1 throw it away, re-
ject it, abandon it.
,, wHiinamazva, {zviiieb..ivad) I throw away
something- belonging to him, forgive him,
,, zv^hinidhnni, {%vaieb..didjig) we abandon
each other, separate.
\Vcbinidiv;in, {in) mutual separati(m, divorce.
IVcbiiiigan, (^ini. pi. ag) a jKTSon rejected, di-
vorced, also any an. obj. thrown away.
Webiuigan, (in. pi. an) Any inanimate object re
jected, discarded.
A'in zvcbinigas, {wai€b..sod) I am rejected, aban-
doned.
'••:l
•.^.^.V
.y/// l)oiiii(i(l('la-v(i, ' hzc(iii..-u'aih I for^fivc hitn.
,, zvaiiaiiiHti, {Zi.'cn..nun/) I forgot him.
,, wam'iidan, izt'cii..ii(iui^) I forj^et it.
,, n'dHiUuianunva^ {xi-ni..-U(i(i) I forf^et soino-
thiti}^ belon^-iti}^ to him, forjfive him.
,, zvdin'iitijinds, ( zirt/..so(/) I am (|uite forjjcot-
tcn.
X//1 i^ikaiij; kilclii ki<.slmi: pitchina^ro iiiu i^//(i-
kadj oiicuaiin ^i>ioiid/iiHifi'i)i, iii-(ini-i>'izLririn; mm-
iiviii (/(is/i II in iiininoadj. An in cnakamii^ak?
( \yhat is the news?) Anolch ^rnv enakiiniiiiui- iiin
iii-h.iba-nomhin, /ci ^aziindtnnon lias/i. /iziu nuui-
jitaiCin lias/i, )iin zci-sdk'dipznfiiunr (I want to
li}j;-ht my pipe) A'id aiazcu na asscnui? Xin nuinc-
pzc'ti (I have no tol)acco) Waazc asscnia; oiiapin,
zvezvcni sa<>(isszi'(ihin, bckis/i das/i miic dibiuijimon
ny cnakianii^ak. (fi-anamic-nihazi.'izvai( (j^ot mar-
ried) uzvassonaoo /o/iii Mai-ons odicMuric Mdin-
i;dns. /^<yi<>- A-zcizciso/s o oi-tdkzvdmii>;on kitchi diii-
nios/idn. Jdtic (iijiiivkzvc a oi-ztrbinan o zvidiornui-
i>dndn. XiJ dbiinnijiidii; niiskzc'd/hcin (measles)
_i>-i-ondJi)ihcdi>\ mi ui Afio/'si oi/id/dnissdn, kitchi
kdshkcnddnion onii>iioozvdti. iXin !>ikddJisidhiHid/,
dnibc bimibdtodd dlchind mindzvd irhi kijosideidHi>:
Anindi nin mindjikdzvdndu? (mittens) luizvin nin
niikdzi'dssii>\ nidkijd dzx'iid nin gi-i>^imddiniii> nin
mindjikazcandn. Xin zfi-didzcd^- nin kitchi gi-
kddjinindjizvddj sd. Anindi nin ndbikdzvdQdn? Xin
<>ikddjitdzi'd^rzvddj. .Izc ikzirscns mokzvddji. Kc-
i^v nidzi'ikcn, bi-zviddbimishin (come and sit by
me) Wdibd ki gd-dd^zvishiniinin endaidug:
Did that convert {zirshki-dndmidd) apostatize?
He did not apostatize, he is wrongly caluminat-
ed (dnish-i nuitchi ddjinui) He is a strong Chris-
tian. Those who deceived thee did wrong. Those
that struck you last Sunday are in jail. If I
'»1
:j
<^-!7M|i
t^
"r
nA
... ,1
--. ^
'> r:<
334
would make thee sulTcr for n(»thi^J,^ I would d"
tlu'f wronj;. (W>d who sees you, knows all your
tliouj^hts words and actions. I, who see thee now.
will never see thee a^^ain. I your priest, who
love you from my heart, I am* f^oinjr to leave
vou "this evening. Are that boy's hands cold?
They are cold; he weeps from cold. Ccmie in,
and "warn thyself, my son. Now thy hands are
warm and thy feet " are warm. They who d<»
jrood to you, shall be rewarded, but they who do
evil to you shall be punished. Ua-aiiiiiii^i'zvtiii .
Those that did not strike thee, them I like, but
1 don't like those that struck thee, (iod, who
jrave thee thy sicknes that thou mi^htest repent,
he will take it away from thee soon.
Intkkmkdiatk Exkkcisk.
If, whether I... him 2t'a^i>rii
thou
he
we
we
you
"they 'U'(ii>-urn
If. whether, I not h\m..ssru(ior>/
zi'ani>rn
ZiTi, ZC'Ol
zcdiizi'O'irn, if I theni
zcaihi'd-wai , thou etc.
iizven
iv(niii'i(izc(ru'('ii
zvaiii>zv(izi.'en
ZVC(>ZCllZVCIl
zi'diiziri/.
thou etc.. ssizi'(ii/c /I
he
we
we
you
"they
ssti>zi'e>i
ssizfani>i(irii
ssizt'uui*en
ss/zc'Ci^-zi'eu
ssiwiiii'zveu
.<s/zi'(ii>zi>(iurn.. . them.
ssizi'ddwawo/, etc.
ssii>zi'efi
sshi'dfii' idzL>dzven
ssizvdng'zvdu>en
ssizvegwdwen
ssizvagweu.
;!'
-335-
Tho ten: inations of the ncffutivc form arc al
most entirely like the corresiMmdinMT <>nes of the
affirmative with .v.s/ placed before them.
/iV kikrtiimu na iizc Iniui? lunioii^xvcu irki'iiiiud-
•i.'(ii>rii: riui(>nzi'cii ^ti-'iulnnndzi-ancn. Dost thou
know that man? I don't know whether I am av
quainted with him; I don't know whether I have
seen him 'before).
/esiis o i^i-in(in o /cikinodiiuiiidiniii : '\\-ccicu-ni
<>e-i>assianHi-V(izt.'ri(zfr)i o bataiiozvinuHy (a i^dssii^d-
(ictuzt'aii, iiii.ri> -wen ihi$/i ^r-i^assnu/KniuLssncrj'zi'n.',
kazviii fa-ods^iiniuicf^ininiziHiii.''' Jesus said to his
discij)les: whose sins you shall forjrive etc.
V -
r.KSSON LX.
"'Scro/K/ ('use'' 7/iot/.../)it\ ''///(//<(i//:r A/t>o</,
tijjirmativc form.
Note 1. In the "Second Case", the st (md an<l
lird pers(m are c(msidercd as acting on tue first,
)r instance:
Thou seest me
you see me
thou seest us
you see us
he sees me
the}' see me
he sees us
thev see us.
«r
I
■iM,
y.
'4.
k
if
u>
5"' r^i
\ \
<»t
thou.
..me
. /;;/
yi»u .
. me
. //;////
thou.
..us
, /;/////
vou .
..us
• 'i^'
he .
. . me
. /;'■".;'■
thev..
.mc
, womin
he ■ ..
.us
, ii>oii(ini<i
they.
.us
'l'enni'iiali'oiis iff Ihc /iitiiratiic, a,''<t aiilitc.
/'recent tense, hiiperj' it / use.
ilia In I'
in 'i/'',:i
it, -tui'i
/.'o/jt'u:'
V ^
/^' 'tliilhli.
,i)t, <! 'tlllil .i^
I'anuiii>ni.
ki zvah' iin,"' i> c
,, zi'dh /nriT.'. .I'uii
ki 7rr/w/;/iminrib..n
,, zi'(f/>aiii'\m\x\A\y,in
Iiiiii ZLa/nnin^o\yAt\
,, zviihaun^ohAm\i
iiiii (ki) 'U'lili-
r/w/i^onaban
iiin {ki) zi'a/>-
</;;/igonabanig.
Note 2. A' ill zvahamii^otnin, he sees us, the per
son addressed, or spoken to, not included. J\i -wa-
ixnnigoiidn, he sees us, the speaker and the per
son spoken to both included.
Note 3. Pronounce the final a in the form /le-itš
long, as. II in oi-odissii^oiidn niekatezvikwanaie; on
the c<»ntrary short in tiij masinai^aiKin nin gi-o-
liissiooiian \ Vf Conj. Personify ino verbs.)
Nin inCimakc'idendagos, {maiain..sid) I am ad-
mirable, I am curious.
.. mdmakadcndam, {maiam..danii;) I wonder.
admire, am surprised-
/i7 zvahani. thou seest me
,, zca/nrnnm, you ,,
ki zc'it/iiiiinmin, thou scest us
,, zL'aiiiiiinm'xn, you ,,
;//// zvah(ini'\\r, he sees nic
,, :t.'t//w;,/ig-ojjf,thtv,, ,,
;//// (ki) zi'iilxinn^i'i, 'iw, he sees us
,, ,, zuiihanngiyn(\mg, they,, ,,
■^^7
UKiniiikiiiiitnh
(III,
iiiuunii (iini<
it
i'i(iiii(d-<it/tiiiiii,
nniiiuikadniim
It.
•uliiiin It.
nui/iijii iiiih( I .idinir
r .
</. I iiHiiimi . iiuni I .Kliiiiif I
Mill
'III I
hi.
i^riiih'nl I ,1111 (|iik1
UnlHif:- ,,t I, in,.
< in uorkiiij.. d,,
ii 1 11(1(1 /dill
!>l>ll)!>(ilit\
/a
'(•II
•II.. lied' I i
({,({ I 1
itiij thill!
ia \ (•
.1 lot;
ll<
,ii(iii(iii(tii(i(/c, i nri>:.,/r,/. I 1
i;i\ I
lony .tnu
• 'iiy ,iiii> .
'•ny h.ind
iiiiioiiikr. (orii.Ard I li.uf ;i
'/)>•</. ii<i^<iii(>iiil-<- I Iiiivr
,^ni(>iiiii(//i\ ti^rii. '.((//(/. I liav,. ;,
/'■'■'/• .^n^'nil'iiiiildli .
<:;iii(>>. i^<^ni..si(/\ I aiii h.n'y. i;ill. slim.
nnit'.šnh- ^iicii..(iah I I,;,vo a lony- |u,,t . /yvv/.
. , .. ii((U(i'i'>>i(fc '.
,i:i::r:ri(f()ii, < <^(iu-..(/(n/ < I
a-
it.
(//1.
curvy It l.avU
. , . l,''iiin. I n-turii
,i:i:.r:cnu,, i u„:r..iu,</ ^ I ,;,rrv liim , >. „„.
oo/. ) back H^rain, I en, hut liim i.juk.
,i,'7:i7.v, (j^-dzi-i.^K/} I am an orphan.
ICxkkci.sj:.
<,
"'^^'^ ."^'"/'('^■<'</<-ii,/,iorK<i a:.- /mil/ q/iiacx/d ■
kitrlii niitoiijune inio(iiio^a(/r na/r: <f(i.«/ii..' - ,,/;/.
hamairin mil iii(iiii,i/.-d>ii/>iiiii,t \ I l.n.k at huii with
W'.ikUt) a/ ii(,ii,/a:r zrnrrii/, u/ii c/a.^/i ka-
:riii zirz.riii ki iioiu/o:<.^/iioi/. \/,/ <>t,iiaz.(}/>aiii(i a-
os/a-iinrur. i><,u' :./»/ ///// naiiazid/Huii/n. Eiumi/a/.
''■y ""^-I'.'.^' ^''_ -^■iihcnii/ovndii A',)ss/ii,fii <^/j/(u>ii"
rhiii. \iii .<cii;i,iii n/n/oZ/^oo ^.a/r zr/iiazcc' ii/i7 <a.
;'//<,'ro ///// miiio ihdaoon ua/r. .\/„ <^/-im,>aii/<.„-
iHimn- hzvmiao; n-a/c u/iunc/iui ii/ii (^/-iN/naiimni-
"'M- /^> t^i-p"k/trnzrazva-i i^.fzi/iindaw/ii.'^,." kid
iiiniiizL'ii, o-au- zviiiaz'.'.i k/ i:/-zf/kzr(i/r/i//^(/z:;n. -./-
H
n ..^"^ \
T^^fl
"•v.
■»
.»* ^**-^
.V^s ■
fxis/i/clsoNCou'd (and they tried to shoot you i. ('i-
iiihiii! n/i/i;<\ zvezcil), hi-iuhiamazcis/tiii (come and
help mel )' ///// zi'i-takzcami\^- (bite me)- </:t' Xv/r///
(iiiiwos/i. A/<nii(i, nil/ mii^aiiio- azv kzi'izviscn:>is/i, iiiii
zci-pakiteoi>: (uii^autmikc oaoauooade i^aie azi-
>/(/N(/o/U(ih)Ui(\</i/\mimkcy. louse, hunter.) f.'//ws/
azf iiiiiii, zrizrau (/t/s/i oi//(//(ii//ss(r// ^a/c takosizcan,
ht'jin eta oiizc/ssdi/ ciiizirk giiuhiz.tiii. X/n ziuilxi-
i/i(ii>- iii/ iiHikzL'iio- iiiiie dash zciiiazja m'li zvahaniii>;oii-
A'/uazra mcU'lii-dajimcii^zva moiai>; kidj ikzcco^ ki
iiishkdhamiovzcao (they look at you with anj,^cr >
kazi'iu ki iiiiiruahamioossizL'aii (they don't like to
see you. )
John, did anyone see me yesterday at Church?
Thy parents saw thee, and they liked to see thee
there. I see thee and thou seest me. We see the
Indians and thev see us. That man has a crook-
ed nose (zrai^id/ane.) and his legs are crooke-l
{zrazfaoin-(id(-\ Women, {ikzcrzridoii) obey your
husbamls and love them; they work for you and
support you iki hainiinvzvan:) I love you all, and
you love' me. I will }<ive you to cat, if you work
work well until noon. Those boys hate us and
tig-ht us. We love you and you should love us.
Christians, Jesus died for you on the cross: he
died for us al!; let us love him with our whole
heart. Those deer follow me wherever I go ( /////
nopiiiaiiiiyoi>. i I admire those books and pictures.
That litt.e girl wonders at me and looks at me
with wonder. She looks at thee too. My hands
and feet are C(dd. Come in and warm thyself!
i /)i-azfas(>n } .' That dog has l<mg legs, but that
fat pig has very short legs. M(mkeys have l<mg
legs and arms, "but their ears .ire short; they are
<iueer, 'curious, i
■ < . J^5IC&- "'f''
lNTi;KMi;:>i.\Ti': Kni;wcisi:.
huhilutiic J'ortn of llw /irs/ three eoii/iinafidi):
l*litperfeei feiise. Siih/niief/ze Mo,ni,
Xin
kill
zi'iimbdiie)!
zi'uinhaiieu
ii^obaucn
zt'dUi^i/Hinen
z(.'inii^of)aiieii
Zi.'ei^o/)uiie)i
xvai^vbaiieii
Phi perfect tensr
^Mii na-zvCimhdueu
A'in i>(i-zvaiiihinieii
zciii ifa-oohaneii
n ill a zi'iii d ^a-ZL 'd iii^f/x/ -
lie II
Jcniuzvliid ii;a-zvaH no ba-
ne II
kiiiazva <> a-zvenotiaiien
zi'iii a ZL 'II o a -o; >ba ii eii (i^
Note 1. The neg'ative terminations are exactly
like those of the afhrmative form, with the svll-
able, >■>-/, i )is/ ) before them.
Note 2. The partici])les have tlie very same
terminations (except the "Chan<,'-e") as the cor-
responding subjunctive mood, except the third
perscm plural. f. i. ( Subj ■ //•/■/A>\yajrobaneji
- Part ( r/'/v'A^Ljfobanenai'-.
sizidiiibdiiei)
sizi'aiiibaiieii
s/i^obttiieii
sizi'diii^i'bdiieii
s/zi(/iii^ob((iiei>
stzi'et^obaiieii
siZi'(/o()b(iiieij.
Participle^'.
i>a-sizcdiiibdiieii
il'-sizcaiii/hiiien
zi'iii ^i^u-sii^obaiie/i
iiiiiazviiiJ i^a-ii-.. in^iba-
.lien
kiiiaz^'iiui na-sizi-aii^D/ia-
iien
kiiiazva i^c/siziri; obaiieii
ZLiiiazva iid-^ii^ohaiieiian'.
,mA, f " j
1
**i#
M
"•,*
■.Uo
J
^^
V'C
.'*, ■ --/
^<
-^
LESSON LXL
Second Ciise—contiiuicd. Xc-^cit/zr, Indicatki-
Present tense.
/>•>•/ thou , .
issini you ■ • •
iss/'ni/i/ thou
issimin you
I'oossi he
/ooss/e' thuy
moss/nan he
•T'
Imperfect tense.
not me
,, us
.. me
issinalhin
issimzv(ll)iin
issiinindlutii
issiminCihaii
ii>ossil)an
ioossibaniii
1 1 f 1
,. us
i}rossinaniii\ they.. not us
I'aradigm.
/uizvin ki :v a /hi miss'i, thou seest me not-
,, ,, 'u'titximh'^xm, you ,, ,, .,
,, :t'(i /xif nissimin, thou,, us ,,
-d'abamissi)}iiny you ,, ,, ,,
loussiualxii/
iffossindlnniiii'
'»
me
us
,, ///// :£v//w;//igossi, he
,. zL'dbann^o^'^x^, they
«/// (Xv) rrrz/ir/wngossinan, he,,
„ ,.::7^V;/ng'ossinanig, they,, ,, <,
ka-.vin ki cr^Z-irtwissinaban
,, :iYJ'/w7«issimwaban
,, :iY//^<Awissiminaban
,, ,, «Y//;</;//issiminabart
,, tt'rf/^fl'wngossiban
,, :iw/w;«igossibanif4-
,, ,, TiT/if/w/igossinaban
,, ,, ti'rt^aw/igossinabani^
■mil
Ts-^rwMf-rac^BWIiMIP
1...-
-:.4i-
X/u zvinKii^iiiiii, (zceii . .iiKiii) I make h mistake
in countinj^ an, objects.
,, -.t'iiii(i<^ind<iii, ' 7iri/..(/a>/i;) I make a mistake
in counting^ inan. objects.
,, zc'tn/ii^/'/zcr, ( :i •<•//.. tivv/) I make a mistake in
spcakinfT.
,, -uaiiaiinia, (zvcii . .mud ) I forget him, neglect
him, forget his name.
,. <i(iiuiiciih(int(i, {i>rn . .inad) I look at him.
., kHinuii>rtiimii, i kci . .iinni) I pity him.
The radical syllable zl-oii (change zccu) refers
to niif.takiii^\ error; for instance:
-\7// zcinid(ui/ii>e, izi.ri/i . .^cd) I lose the track or
trace.
,, zi-aiuhidoii iuikanuy Kzvcn . .dod) I lose the
trail, road.
,, zcinuHim, (ziriiiuiiiii) I commit a mistake in
singing.
., zcandd/iin, {zccn . . i)iad ) I make a mistake in
relating a thing, or storv.
., zviiiia^iiida&s, t zcci/ . .sod) I mistake in count-
iiig or making up an account.
,. zjdu^nddoos, izi.m..sid ) I am forgotten neg-
lectecl.
,. zcaiinidani, ^zini..dini!^) I forget.
., zvannidaniii, {zvcii..)H(id) I lose m\- senses, I
faint.
., zvaucudiniuizi'cu ^ zv€ti..zvad) I forgot some-
thing belonging to him, I forgive.
., zvaiiciidiDi, izL'Cti..da)iii) I forget it.
,, ZL'iiiinidJt'^iis, ( zi'C/K.sod) I am quite forgotten.
,, zi'tni^iiinia. {zvcii..ni(id) I forget him.
,, zLun/cii/i/d/\<, {zi'OL.sod) I forget, neglect my-
self.
.. zrai/iti. ( Zi'('///(id] I l<>se him, miss him.
,, zvanihiiney (zirii..i^rd ) I make a mistake in
writing.
:.f1
V'V
^'m
A
xi
r-
^i!tttn:aii
'J
■M2-
■5' i
*A
f'*
i.» . ■-,/
i:: '"^
X/i/ liiiin'dodiiiii, t zi'Cii..(/(/n
L' I
I (lu soniethitiji'
lhr<)U<^h mistake.
Zi-(iii/k(\ (ur//,Jr</) I t'»r«,^ct to t;ike sotiu-
thin^r alonj^ with nie, leave it behind.
zidn/'h' ^:c(i/(i.Jr(/}, I <lijj: a hole, a jfrave.
ii'diiikeii, i'urn.J-nr) I t<.rj,^et /7 somewhere.
leave it somewhere throug-h f or «ret fulness.
z.aiiikaHiii, ^xvc)i..ked) I forfrot some an. obj.
somewhere, leave it somewhere.
ZL'(iiiliii/kcizi\ ^-urii..zci(h I taint, I swoon a-
way.
z.-(/i////iiz.u!s//, izcn/..s/in/) I walk around in
sleep.
z.ini/s/iiina, ^z.ru..nuni ) I lead him astray.
pervent, seduce him.
Zidii/s/i/N, izrr///s///i/i>) I g-o astray.
zi(in/>/i/n(//s, (:£•-//... nW) 1 caus^ myself t<» k"o
astray, to ^ei lost.
Zi'tii/is/ikzita, izLrii..Zi'tut(/) I disturb and trou
ble him in his doinjj^'s.
zi'iiiiis/ikziciiiii, (zL'fii..iiiaii) I disturb him in
his speech, or prayer by speakinjr or
lau«rhinij, I cause him to
make mistakes.
izirii..tiaiio ) I am troubled
( lost ) in my thoufi^hts.
.si(i) I am frivolous, wild
never uuiet and still.
zi(n//s/ik7ir/(f^<fs, izir)/..s/(/) I am noisy and
turbulent in speakinii".
z.auishkzcciazL'd, ( zrri/..:f(ni} he causes me
tremble wMth his words.
zi'diiis/ikzirfoii, izceii.Joii) I disturb it (an as-
sembly etc.
zi<i/i/ss(% izi.'e//..se(/) I mistake, make a blund-
er.
zi'dii/ssiii, ( :rr///V.»-///i,') it ^ets lost.
zL'uiii^/i/cziricniiuni,
zi-(////s//kzirs, t zi'tv/.
k"--'
."»4.1-
.^ //; :r(f/i//i/^i\ ':.■(//. .j^n/ } I lose soinethinjr Ir-
lonjrinjr to soino else, also I mistake in
hearing- ])eo])Ie.
., :.(iiii/a^o.<, ( zjni..š/\h I am not well under-
stood, am misunderstood.
,, winutam, ^ z^cii.Jiiii<i ) I misunderstand.
,, x.du/'/aii, i 7i'r//../(///j^ ) I don't understand it
right, misunderstand it.
,. :>'(i////<is.<. ^ :i'('//..sii(/ 1 I lose something' belong
to me.
.. -..•iiiiitiiiciiy -.JdniUinuii^a, < zi('ii..-..'iii/ ) I lose
something belong-ing to him; also, I
misunderstand him.
., :i-(i////r///i^(\ I ::■('//.. i^r(/) I act hy mistake.
.. z^iniitoii, i :ct-ii.J(>(h I lose it. miss it.
ICXKKCISK
.\o.<.'iC. /i/ii^wr/r/i.' h'dz.iii ^-i i^/-:.t///r////i//ss/\ <^(//t
ina: Makija kaxciii r.rrrr/// /•/ iii^^/fotuzi'/s.^iiii, iiiii
zi'rzccni kl ii/^^/'/otoii/n/iii iniii/k rkk/'/o/ci;.
.\/>/ Li:J)iiiZi'a/)iiiiiiii(i^- (iin:>/iiii(il)ri^\ />rk/s// iiiti iiia-
niakiisal)iiiiiio<)i>- (they regard me with wonder .
Xnin(/ini/s:šido!^\ iiiis/z.-r inabi h'ijc-Maiiiio, mo/'d;^
kl i^iinazcdhanii^oiu'iii. f'OSS(/</(h//i^- oooz,' matrlii a-
ZLTSs/fdi^; kitrhi (a kz^'ini nr<.li k izi'a>^\ ki Zii-amoooim-
iiii( (they want to eat us). Anis/ui ki sr^isim:
kawni ki <^a-t(ikziUiiiiio(>^^iiidiii_i>, z^'czvti/i ^a (rihak-
:r(/io(iS(KJ(ii;; /t/kobisozi'tf^- j^v/r. h'az.iu iiiii zfiuic-
niiiii^ossiiidiii^- iiii//i-hi)niidisiii(iiii^ (our fellow-
men ), niojiii^- nil/ III ikzi-t' II i III iii\) lid II / ^: Ki zvanis/i-
kziriii, makija. h'aziiii ki zi-aiiis/ikzfci.^si, nid/i, iiin
iiiiiizvciidaiii zja/)iiiiiiiidii. .)/aiii(ikddciidai>osi azv iti-
iiii; II a II ill i;i III zvaiiidodaiii zvaiiii^ijzvc ^aie, naiiiii-
iiviiiioii^ o-zfiiiaz.'ii/itr/ii^r. hi niiiio dodon inoja^,
kin das/i kazciii ki iiiiiio dodazvis&i. Azv iiiiiiiwhh
a Zii-zraiiis/iiiiiaii, o zii-haiiadjiaii iiiizv miiio ikzcc-
t.n
:j
r«li
k
.U4-
M
•<rVj
/u^
( .,
:.■'!//. I\i !^i zi'iiii/kiii ihi kid (/i;ii:.<//foi/ i (liy par.'i-
vol iitiihrolhi I ciu/ditiii!^^ /\(i:.iii iiiii ^i-:.(inik(><iii.
/\ i ^(1 i.inn'iiiinii^oniiiiii^ (ii/i^^/i/imhr^- <^(t-)iinh> do
i/(iU(iii<i(>^. \/ii >^(fli/'[i^i>i^' j//i//(//(if//ss(ii;\ kiiiiiZiti
i/tis// l-ii:\-iii /i/ sifi^//>.<//u. I\\r..iii iiiii :.'<i^>(/////oi>ss/-
/><ti//i^- (i/'/if,>(////(fi;\ iiiii lids/i iiiii •..•ahaiiitUHniiiX-
Willi i>hk\:C>i (/:.' k:.-i:i'iS('iis, i>S(iiii/si\ oiu/ui^isi, odti
iiiiiKi^liki ^ti/t': .i,(;i,'''/ nnilrln k:.'/:r/sf//si:r/. Mt'ici
id iiiii sd^ii'^o/iti/idu/^ "i/'Tv' />riii(i(/i.<i(///i;\ i/oiiotnii
</ds/i kir.iiii iiiii >diiii<^i>s>indiii<^.
Did tliou I'or^^ft lliy luitU-ns ■ niiiidjikdivdini!^
nil. 1 ;it Uh' o;iinp * ^d/irs/iiz.-i/iiiii;. >/ No, I U'lt
lluMii ;il thv liousr. Shall I yn aiul IVUh flu'in?
No. it is not loUl; tiiy hands arc not cold. l*iit
on thv shoes atid stot.kin<i-s. My shoes and stovk-
injis iiro wot yd; alter they art- dry. I will \n\t
tlu-ni on Doos thv in(»thfr like tnt-? She does not
like ( h)ve I thee. Init she likes hy hntther, That
man has lost the trail, he is i;oinjr astray. l)i<l I
make a mistake in \vrilin<j^? Thou didst not
make a mistake, but thou didst fori^r^'t my hook.
Didst thou lose it. or leave it s<.nie\vhere? I
don't remember it; didst thou not «>:ive it to my
sister? I *lid not i^ive it t<» thy sister; I ^av*.' it
to thee. I t'orijfot his uml>rella; I left it at tin-
store. That woman walks around in sleep. Does
he lose something-? Ho often loses; he does not
renumber himself what he does; he often forj^ets.
Had men sav. (iod does not see us or mind us.
Did thim see me yesterday? I did not see thee
vesterdav. Dost thou not r"emem1)er me? I do not
remember thee. Where are they ^niing-? They are
o-oir*;- to ehureh. I will ^n) with you. Thou shalt
not f^-o with us; thou are not ready. Tomorrow
thou t^halt g-o with us.
W-'>
.U5
pKOMiscroi s lv\);i\'cisK,
I>nhil,ilixf Jonii of Ihc Joiirlli rDujtiiiiit/oii.
. \(iii (' I Oirt'.
1 'III pi r/rr/ Sn hju nrlii v
7 fnniiKilioiis.
%
-n-ai^ifniueu
zj(i(/ih(iiicii
i^<>hiiiicii\
-U'diii^h/i/xnirii
ztunii^ohdiini
ZLC^ohiiiicu
vj(ii>(>/Hiiicn
Parlirlphs.
iiiii i^ii-z.(i!^i/>(iii( II
kin i^ii - '.iddihdiieii
zciii i^d-i^o/nnit'ii
Jiiiid-.ciiid ^d-7r<iii^i\/i-
hdiuii
kiiidzviiid •^d-ziuiiii^ohd-
iieii
kiiidzvd ii^d-zci'ii^ohdiicii
zviiuru'd ^d-Zi'di^ohdiic-
Note. The terminations of the negative form
Subjunctive mood and ]>artiei])les are rxactl}' the
same as the corresponding^ ones of the affirmative
form, witli dss/ before them. ])lease remember
this!
( fhji'rtiir pi inn I.
Zi.'d<izca/Hiii(ii
zvdihcdhdiicii
oohdtieii
zi'iiinidzL'dhdiini
z.dUi^zi'dhdnni
z.e^zi'dfianni
zidi^ohdneii.
/*/iipcr/rrf Icmc.
inn <^d zcdi^zvdhdiini
kin j^d zi'diizvdhdiini
zviii iid-i>i)/)dii('n
iiiiidZL-iiu/ ^d'ZVdniiidzfd/id
iini
knidzi'ind ^d-zcdiiiizcdfid-
nrii
i'liidzi'd i^d zi'riizvdhdiK'ii
zriiidzn/ i^ti z.di^dhdnriitit^.
"Ni
v%
MHl»h
'f'K
iv
.^!'
'^
-Mt>
Ki siMi;.
.\V// ii,iiuli>iiiii^(>iiiiiiti/i(iii iidic iiiiiiii.iiu/ iiiniiii/i
■..iniiij^. k(r..'lii \/(/s// ,///// iiiijiis^iiniii. h'/>///>/i/ <'>s-
ikkilt>s<i: H('))/(/(ii4<»s/<^ </tis// oss(fU, kilchi :r/i//ii//:.f.
/\(i:.'iii innii^cni iidiiin^int ki :.<//n//)uiss/:.(/(/i>n /7-
w/>.v7:.(/, rJi'o ;.7(//.'wv/ ( siiui- ^lu- is iii;irri«.'<l. 1 f>r-
(/(is// //(■>>//(/:.•//;</;:•</<' :.v7/
l)Ut I «lu tiot know
wlu'tlur lu- rtvoirtii/A-il liini). /uiiciii i^tnini'a/r/i y
t^i (i(/iiii<issiii: r;j(/()^:.ru i;it/-ui//Ji/<ii;:.ru y\ (lon't
know wlu'llu-r lu- will ovcrtaki' him. ) h'akiiia i;^-
/;.• -.i'titiiiiitiiiu'i'iitiii- u'/'t/J' (iJi/s/z/nii/xZiiiii, t> (/a-nn-
/,:.;• II iiiKiz.d II Ki'n-Miiui/oii iiiisi i^vl^o kvkciu/iiiiii-
uidjiii. .\u' os/ii-iiii^ikzii- ostiin S(is<[<^(d-Atiii(i/<
.(livssc-s too slylishlv i; nf/ :.'Cii((/i-(/oi/(i)ii(><iZiiit
Ir/ii iiKiiiKUdi/cii'liin'iioi/ iiiiuiicaii. \i/ inii/r.dn i:i-
ii/.<sir:./n</:ytf/>tiu iii'r:i'//(r, />c/iii (iiKimiiiov/xni, />r//i:
i/tis/i iiii(/r:ri^i>/>(iii. /u'/V .Ud'ii/o i> i;(/-ii(i.<siiisi/>iii_i:
:.-(Zi-tiii /cr/iiiui^išiiiipdiiiii onid dkiii}^: A/iurso d:r
:.d-/s///.:.,i-/>i/iid<//.<i(/: ZiCziriii /•/ (/d-^ii<iss/i/i:zir:.(/.
\\'d/>dii(/dis//iii /ci /uindzidiiiiiiiuijiii (thy hn^ors
/<i /)iiid/<zjdnisii/du i^die » and thy toos. > M.' ninii
diii/H'kz.'nii iiio/'d!^ inci^zi-d eiidiiiiddiin. I\azviii iid
/(•/ Lii-diiz.-ciiiiii'iiiossiii ' /:iiiiiiiiiiOii s^i nidlr/ii-iioddiu-
dii.' Md/r/ii iiijz.-c/Hiii/!:, ciiiik/ os/iki imurudi;. Aii-
hn/i II ill />iiidkz.(iii^ : 11 in z.i-iidss/kz.r 1 I want l<>
coinl) mv hair. 1 Xiii iii-aiio-.cd/>diiid^- jishiMij.- ^a-
z.d/idiiK/aii;- z.'t'ifi: i^diid/ui/r/i oi iiid((///>i.<S(Zi(ii; .:,'/-
/>d.<ii:zLin>z?-dii- I perhaps they" flew away.) /w;i,'//
nidzci/crih ii'iiit/diiiss: ^dssii/si/f/i/^^Zirii. Aiiiik/i kiii-
i(//diiissdi::^ KikiiiodiiKu/iiiii, ^i-i/dzcd^ii: Ainnnidpi
<■ 'r-/)i-oiz.-czjdi/.' \d-.dkzf('-iiiii- /d-/>i-ii i'lrc/oi^ciidii .
.MJ
■rn^i,
.^4;
I.KSSON LXIl.
Srnnn/ ( t/sr — roi///f/t/r(/, Alflrmatixc Snh/inir/i: i
Motni.
'/'cniiiiiafioini.
I*n>cul if list- i*l II per feet leiisr.
/mil,
I'lei^,
/lYii/i;
h'diiii
il lh<»u. . . .me
,, you
,, lliou us
" y<>u
/iiiu^i</ ,, iu' ,,
iid/ii^n/zin,, tlu'v ,,
/ii(iii^\ if lu', .,
iiKiiiiizi'd, if thev ,,
/(f, .. he me
i:.-(i(/, ,. thev .,
( iiiiiit:riiit/ }
I /.•i/nnriiu/ )
iiaiiihtiii
iiei^ofniii
iiiini>ifniii
iiiniij^iltaii
iitiiinidilxiii
iiaiiU'idicalniii
iiiaiino/xiii
iimui^zi'd/xiii
ipaii
ru'iipaii
/\iriufii^iii.
/\'is/ipiii u'(ih(iin\\Ar\, if thou see me.
lia/unnui.'^, ,, you ., ,,
•u'(iham\\:in\r, if thou see us
,, -u'(ilHifU\\im\y,, ,, you ,, .,
,, zi'iihamnX, ,, he sees me
zi'dhannyviu), ,, they,, ,,
:>.'i//'r/;ynianjri(l.. he ,, xismiiuininif)
,, zvdhd>n'\'vAr\\;;'u\\\ii if thev sees us .,
ZL'd()dHi\r\AX\\.r if he sees us ( kincziim/)
zi'dhdnnn'AX\'^\\:\, if they see us ,,
k/s/ipiij zvdbdin i i ;i m ban
,, :iv//wwiie}4"oban
,, zrr//w;/niangibati
zLdbdm'\mx\^\\iAX\
IM
tT
I
WBB
.UH
m
j*>^
:.v//'<////i\vapiin
^•v/^//"ii;>n^■i<lil•il'1
;iV///r/y//iiiinM:i«lw;il>;iiT
,, .(vr/'f/z/nniiiiifwahan
r\w v.u['wa\ svllahli- />//A- riliTs lo //r,;/i/rs>,
•..■(•(/r/i/is>: l'<»r itistatioi': {c>/d/ •
\V//r/ A/z/v//'. u-s/d'iihlih I am tin-d ol silting.
.. ,\/ii;i/.;>s/,nt, (r.s7/../»A" 1 a.n Ivitlf-- in a la-
tipiin^i: tnatuur. »»ii a hard ikmI.
i<hka>utni, ^i-^lt..»iiHh I l.roathf with .liftioil-
ly. I hreaUU' har<l.
/\/d:i/.>::;i/>, ^ r./i../»</) \ny cy,'^ aro timl Inuk
inif at an ohjtct.
A7/X/'</.V. (,->//..(/<•.•</• inv hi-art is tiroil of sor
row, latiiriu'd throii«:h iinv\.
,\likiiiih:.-iiiii. n-s/t..i/,iif^ ,r/,h>i/iir:.'///</. I tin-
Uis arm, arm.
it tires my arm, arms.
i</d-/s/i/'i/, (<•>//..///;' I I am tirod of l.vinLj.
!! i>/iki:.-i\ <rs/i..:i-n/> I am tirod ol iarryinjr.
'Pho radical syllahlos /s/d-i>, rotors to what /r
niii//i.<, romnant. lor instance:
V/mi i</ik-i>iiii.^<-š/i..iiinh I reserve him, spare him
I s. ar. ol) I save it.
,\/,ki>iiinna<. u>//..>v'</» I reserve it lor mv
"" sell.
i</,k-onoiiii:.a, i ,</i..:.-<n/ ) I reserve it, keep
it, lor him.
,\/,koiHin. u>/i..iiiuii) I spare it. reserve it.
i<likoiiio(\ irs/i..o('(/) I reserve, keep back.
/<y,koulKc"i?^iii. pl.'iiin A reservation.
'm^.
-.^4'i-
fun
■ \iiiil i>/tii>iiii^(i>, (*•>//..>(*(/' 1 I iiiii 1.11, iiNti'vtd.
•>.]»iir<'(l. I ri-m.iiii.
IC\i;iv(. isi .
/\is/i^iii hi :iuih(tiiiiiiiii i.tt/utni; l/i;//>'/i, li ^a nu-
ll ni hi'/ii^zciihii-; sioiiyoiii laz.iii iinid tii(iz.ti-->/ /ii-
iiiiti. fit'i^ft iiiihf />/di:i'i, /ini;:.!/ i;/n:.rii/ iiiii io
sii^nzi'iiiir (I carry ;i luavv pa* k > .\/^ti^/>/i niv.iui
mid (fzc I't'/c/ii-ddiiii/ iiiiiii. Xitiji, /(i:.iii(/<iii nii<i:.,
iiiii kitiiii(ii^i> (ipltilu. I\ililii akoi </:.■ ohiiiiHljiii>.
i>/i/ciiiuiiun. /\'i>/if^iii Lia^i/ xf^iii'i^ I'i <^ti-/ti'ii'iiiniiiii
iiiii /laktuic Sir /s/ilitni (t:. ii/ii/i, ^usi^-.ri, iiit/d/d.
/\is/i/>iii zciiiiidiudz.'izciifiiiii /'<ii/di/i>i(//ii; rji kiliiiid-
,i;/s//('<^\ iiicz^ijd ki (td iii-iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii dUt>i»/i ui'i^o
i^r-iiii(l/ii(\^, i^r /dsildii/r^ ^(fi<\ kiiz.iii i/d>/i ^r^o
iiiii i^i zi'/)i(/du/(n^iissii;. Xihiz.ti f^dk.^c/i^innni t^niV
lokih/idii o iii is/iktiiidii dz.- /v</<z.(f(/isii/ iiickdtizvik-
z.diidic zci-iiiiiHul diiis/iiiid/x'ii. .Srst/^isid (a\ari-
v"ious) Xv/ i,'Vi,'V> d inindssiii kr/iii/d<^'isiiii(//i/, d:.'
<ids// i'i'/('zc'(i</isi(/ o iiitd jtizvriiiiiitiii. Dchniiniiiiiin^,
l:i>lipni /tizi'diiiniidiiii iini i^-d-hiiiiiK/isiiiiiii. /\ is/if>/ii
_ii<\ii<> iniuiiidiii^- (/:r ikzir, /•/ <^d-iiiiiiz,ni(ldiiiiii.
Whotioo do thusi- v.hil(lren lonn'? Tlicv vnim-
Irotn school. Do tliov sec us? I don't know. 'IMiat
sick woman breathes hard, shi' will sooii cea-,c
breathing (zvaibd /d-i>/ik-zcdnid. > 'Phal hia\v stick
of Wood ' k:zcrsi^zc(fi/o- /i/is/ii > tires my arm. I am
tired of lyinjjf on my bed, I will •^••et up and walk
about. If he loved me he would tiot liave aban-
doned me. If you love us, then do not yo awav.
My heart is {grieved, I cannot sleep, nor eat. nor
work; this heart jifrief will kill me '///;/ i;-d-iiiss/
i^dii i:r i^/iki(irezL'iii. t I ke]»t some bread and but
ter for the poor. The Indians don't save anv
thinjr. Are you i^oinj^- to the reser\ation? \Ve
will yo there this eveniny- .ifter supper. The In
<lians have a jfreat dance there; U't us all «ro and
/"'
i-^.
■^Bar
illliU^i
Y'
J* 'A^'i
it:.**
-^.
■-V=>o-
S.H- till- (lance. When- arc iii.v nntuns? I piU
tljLiii in the box.
Intkkmkdiatk K.xkkcisk.
Dnhitaliir form of J on it h conju^aliou.
/*tis.^hr loirc.
/'Ill perfect tense. Snh/inietne .\food.
i<lozviimhanen
/i^ozcaiii/xinen
ii>o^o/>(ineii
ii>(nL'iiii^ib(ineii
ii'o-f(iHL''o/f(ineii
ii>(m'ei>oh(iueii
ii>ozi'aiioh(itieii
azciinh'haiieu
aivimhvabaueii
it>oss izt li in hit iieii
ii^osshcamhtuien
/i^-ossi\i>o/)aneu
ii^oss i-u ii II li ilni neii
liiosin'zfaiiiiv/xniei/
ii>ossi2i'ei>ofHnieii
ii»(issizi'(H>ot)<inen
tisshvii<(hlHineii
assizi'imhL'iihtiiieii
Imperfect tense Participles.
li>;o'judmbancii
ioozvamhancn
ioooolmncnivi
ii'Ozi'diii> ihaneii
ioozvongohaiieii
loozvegvbanen
h'-ozvag'o ba iicnaii
iizvindibancu
azvindibanenai>
I'livss lU'fi in ba neii
li^oss I'u a III bane n
li^ossii'v ba neii a ii
ioossni'dngibaneii
ii>vss iwa ngoba neii
ii>ossiu.'ei> obanen
ii>ossiivai>vbaiienait
aasiwiniiibanen
assizvindibaueiHiii.
Xiii nondaaoviidog oma /u'bagiidn, oiidjita diifli
oaiiabatch kazvin azvii'a nin zvinakzvetdi>ossi. Ai"
Zi-iiondain, Q-a-l-itc/ii-oiniddniiaifinden i-oss.
■ '^rf "1
-<--}aat^»'-f-. I
'.\M
I.KSSON LXin.
lA.
»N(VV'y/r/ < ti>t' rim/iiiiiiul. A /In iini/ii r
J'nxiil trnsr. Plii f^n-inl /,-ii><\
ll'it/t//H/ii/i\iiu, thou wliii sir> nil'
:.tuii/>tnn\'\v\y, M>ii
:rtt/ i//ii>n'u\, lu- who sii n mu-
:,(f/(t/nfw'u\}\^, th»v who sif> iiic
:.r//f//v//;/iiaiij4\ Umu who si'i> ii>.
:.'<i/(//)(Hi/\\iini<!:, you
.-.•r//<//'f////ii;iii)4'i(l, ho who sci's us > )iiini:.iinl
:.7//<///r/«/iian}j;-i(lji^-. thi-y who sivs us
i.'inahant'\v\\\.V[^, hr who m-os us ■ klna\.iini
,\7//V//<//winMnj4oy, thi-v who nov-«, un .,
v.ttiiihaun\yM\\<^
-.i'u iaha iu\\\\x\y(\\yM\
z.iilahaiin i a n y-i ha n
:.v//if//if;/;;iian^i<liliaii
Tv 7//</Af/;/n i a n <ri<l i 1 »a ti i li"
r.7^/V//>f//// i ti a n tjoha 11
::7//f//'f/;//inanicohaniii-.
TIk- i)rc'ti.\ tir nivalis: viiou^li, sultiiiintl v,
• [uito, lor instanv.1': > (/tr/V. <
A'/i/ d<'-kikcninui, I know liiiii well i-nou^r]].
,. i/riikcii(/(iii, I know 't sufticii'ntlv, woll o
nouj^h.
■t.-.-
-.''
;¥•'
'4
>
:>
^
:k
-.-^52-
.\7// lie-zcalnima, I see him sufticienlly.
., iic-oi/itoH, I finish it, I have time on()U},rh to
finish it.
,. ile-mifio-aia, I am v\-ell enough.
The radical syllables dezv, (fczid, dczci, (liaiczo
in'oompositionssignities evil, ache, pain, intlrnii
tv, for instance:
Xiii dezvabide, {daic.dcd) I have toothache.
Dczcabidewiu, ( /// ) toothache.
Xiu deziuikipiiii, {daicnatiii) I have pain in the
breast.
,, dczvidee, (daicdcrd) I feel pain in my heart.
Dezi'idcezi'in, \in) pain in the heart.
,, dczviiradc, (daicdcd) I have pain in my leg.
I)ezvii>adezviu, {i)i) pain in the (one) leg.
,. dczv/i'VtK', idti/C./icd) I have pain in my
bones.
/>rzt>/i>(/uezi'//i, { ill ) pain in the bones.
,, dczvihve, idaicrurd) I have headache.
Dczvikzvczi'iu, iiii) headache.
,, dczL'ikzi'ciass, idaicsod) I have headache from
too much heat.
,, dczi'inike, (daicked) I have pain in my arm.
Dczvinikezvin, iin) pain in the arm.
,. dczviniudji, {daicjid) I have pain in my
hand.
Dezvinindjhviti, [in) pain in the hand.
,, dczvipikwan, (daic.zvaiig) I have pain in my
back.
,, dezviside, (daicdcd) I have pain in my foot.
Dezi'isidezvin, (in) pain in the (one) foot.
EXEKCISK.
A'.sv/.s, Dcbcnimiiiin, iinveniiuishiu (have mercy
on me!) Kazvin nin dc-kik^nimassiuzv inini, kci-
zf/n oaic zvin nin kikcnimigossi. Mn i^dgHtii!;- sai
...,..,... nil
*'M"<V'M' f^"~^'iii oaic iiiu matrhi <{oiitnvassii>- Jan -\:Vi
.ii'f^»fffif<f/(ii- I>ebeHimiian}>\ /azi'cnimishiiiam! (havo ^&Jl
inerc y on us! ) Kimizca kelcenimiiang; Tviiioka-wii/i-
niam tchi mino (iodazviiiiniruhva iiind oi(imamiu(i
nii>\ Anin euapineztuid oj^vu- iiiiikosiiii'in? Auo/r/i
tiiupinczviii'-; inv ikivc vjciii jeu^ishimr \lewi^ad(\
(izv dash ik'U'^.ens m/skzc'a/?, zLHiialHinuidfii> ^ das//
fr/ni>/s/ikzL'(iiid /(t/fokd-w/sni'd^; alos/ikadezi'og i> aic .•
kifinuii> ciiddi> osizvai-- hi kin a niiuik hehii-/ini>is/u'iio-
zi'dd oma akoshv/^aiiii'noun. (hospital.) ' Azveiicn
zvaiidHiminuug? hazviii dzviia ki zvaiHimii>iisstmii/
oma. hazi'in niii iniiizvcndatni Ichi i^auazvabamid
azv osH'/nazir; i>aiHiba/c/i iim da-matchi-inenimin.
hi i>i-o//ifon na izv o-zrauatc/i niakak zva-ojitamazci-
lan (which thou intendest to make for ine?) Mn
,iia-de-giJiton hzva liaiiiiis/iiinod ^isiss (before sun-
down.) iXiii drzi'ikzrr'ka/)r-oi/io- (all day) ///// dr-
:c'a/f/dr o-air: azvi-iuiudom mashkikizviiifni (go and
v'all the doctor) tchi hi-zvabamid, Xiu i>ad-i/i(rhi-
iic zi'andaiiuizi'iiaii, (ham kijite oma nidaiico\ nil/
drzi'ikzvdass. Azv ikzvc zvi.<sai^(//dam: (suffers bit-
terly ) ki/rhi dezviiiikc, bckis)i dczvii/ind/i i>air dr-
zvipikzvaiK
We should not hate our enemies. Christ tells
us that we should love our enemies and do goo<l
lo those who hate us and prav for those ''who
speak ill of us and calumniate "us. That pag-an
says: I love those who love me. I do good to
those who do good to me. and I hate those who
hate me. who do evil to me, who cheat me.
Thou () Lord, who seest me and hearest me,
helj) me that I may never fall into a great sin.'
That man can scarcely stand; he has pain in his
toot. I did not sleep last night, I had toothache,
:ind headache and pain in my breast. That sick
inan scarcely breathes, he will soon die, he will
die before sun-set. Christians whom I love, you
■^r
1 ,,
.;54
J—
' '.'r
Nvho know mo well, v«m know that I always lovo
and remcMuher vou. They who know us, l<»ve us
and help us. Whence dost thou come my ch h
I come from town. When dulst thou leave thi>
morning? I left home very early l>efore sun-rise
.ir/n hla ,uokaa,,^ A'/>/>>-». What ts the mat er
with thy father? ianin cmipnicd ko^^) He has
pain in his back.
iNTKKMKmATK ExKKCISH.
DuhiUitixe form. I (dsc
SHhiiincllir Mood. I'lupcrjcct Icii^c.
WahamimnvCimbaucu. if I ha<l perhaps seen t^hee.
\\'iih(iiniiiai>'Oi>olHnicu, ,, ,. .< •< " th > •
W'alHiiiiiiio-i'iinilniuen, ,, we ,, ., " ^"*-''
n\d>ami:wiio/Hn,e,i. „ he perhaps had seen th..
\\'ahaniiuo}iivahoueii, „ they ,, - - y
WabamininL'CoobancN, ., he had perhaps seen >ou
\\'(if)(ini//io-ir^zi(ih(iiicii„ they..
:,ubirm/sshuKi<imbunn^, If I had perhaps not seen
::udunu/s,iuu^v.obaur,i. If I had perhaps not seer
u'libaniiiiV^shvomlnnicii, ., we ,,
-.id/xfffi/'iivssru'dio/uiurf/, ,. ., -•
:i'ahiimls$iii(\ii'ob(iiicn, he,, ,,
:i'((b(/niis.<ii/oi4':i(ib(ifini,ih'iy'-' « •
:i(f/Kf»//ssif/<n:,r^-o/uif/n/.he ,. ,.
:ru/>(iini.<.<iii(>:Lr^W(if>ti urn, they , . .,
seen
thee,
seen
vou
seen
thee
seen
th el-
se en
vou
seen
you.
^u
-MC:
Jik^ fi ■ r tenn.tiHtions o| the ,,arlkt,,los urc
vJf^, r^'; u*''*' o.rrespondin^r subjunctive inuo,|.
with the "Chang>e" m thv Hrst svllal.le ui the
verb, or its prefix. "
///>///{r«/j;/m„/,;,/, if I hH<l n„t seen thee ,.erhaik
heart "'" '^ '''''^" ''"^^'■' ^' "'"^' '" '">
LKSSOX r.xiw
.Sm>;;r/ rr/.^-corttinue<K .\Vny//,;v .S>//vV/>/r//r
f*r€s.€Ht (anr
ifsizvdu^ thou .
li-shi'Cg; jo« . .
/ssru'dno; vou<
mo not
• .us not
us not
K<./ZCCi>o/i
'Htil
/SS/i>
/."^/i,', he. . . .me not
/ss/i>-u'ii, thev me not
/s.':,zc(iujj/(/, he.. us not ( Hi>uru-i»,f^
isi^rwaiisiuizi'd^ thew.us not ,,
HlVl
'sjinyd'tinKf/hdfi
'(I
'nil)
jf^inni'tmg, he., us not i l-ivazt'iifd)
'SS
iiozvaiii>u'u, thevv.us not
/.''si4io':c(i4ii>y>/),//^
issiiiioii'(iJii>i
y/ini tthdxti}.
((i/if/nciaiii;) I untie it.
Ctl-
^(111-.
clhazva, {aia(>..zvaii) I untie h
(ibiHimuzL
(a child), unharn
im> uViswaddl.
f/.
{ciialK.zvad) I unt
ess ( a horsed
for h
le some thin<'
im, belortfrirtjr to him.
M'- ■
W
b'
r-:. S:
!.
^4'
y
'^
i:
\ t^.
-.^5<.
The root syllable af>ii/>ii- yi/ncuuiM) refers to
opening with a key.
X/,uf aluibikaon, ia/a/>..auo-^ I open it, ""l^;^!^ ^/
MHibikaiiivn, un. pL an) a key.
,. a/><m-<uj;v,niir, Un<ih..keJ) I make keys lor
MHibikaigimikr^L^in. (in) locksmiths trade.
.{biibikaioanikciL-iiiini, [an. pi ->va^) a ^^'^^
' smiin.
The radical syllable ka.hkcbik, refers to hnk-
\7;/ kashkdbikainh {kcsh.Mno^) I lock it.
/u,shk(Uukaigan, (hi. pi. inn -'^"^^^^^^
„ kashkdbikaiiiamke. U-e^h.-k.-d^ I "^^k^Uxks I
am a h>cksmitn.
h'ashkdbikaioanlkhviu, ( /;/ ) the lochsmith
work or trade.
Kashkdbikaiganik^z.i„hu, iau. P^- ^^^-^^'^^.^^^\
„ okzi'hiomhi, ok'^'inimin. (zcckzLinocJiio) we arr
many together in one band or ttock.
Afanishtduishao- zvekzL-inodjii^. a whole ^'^^ j.l
„ okzvishimaK^zvek..mad) I put together in a
• heep. pile up an obj.
.. okzvhsHomin, izvck../oi/) I pile up or together
man. objects.
(Hzvis.^in, a pile. X//o-okzcis^/n missan Uv^^
cords or piles of wood.
EXKKCISK.
/v'/V//>/'// bi-zcabani/ssrucin, kuzcin g]'i/-,"'!'.^'
a.,d-azl'i-zi>abamhsunm. Kaz^'in ki ^ushkiossimr.a
Irhi zvabamiicg; nin dash niu }iVslik,lon !<^t]'--:f']'
ndnaooir. .hiindi abdbikaio-an> \,n zv,-abab>kaau
-.^
r»/-
lihhi'iiniinii tindniic-ui^ainiooiii^: (h-.v iiut-
jiidii, -u'CzL'if) invi-iihahikaan iihk-S'undeni Ichi pi)u{i
i^ezviif heinailisii/jii' (iH(iinihvii>(iniiiioii^: \in i^ttd-
kaijue. Kciahi iia o iiajikan k/ssa/c kas/ikdbikaioii
iiikczciii? Kc'uihi o liajikmi, nihizca ^aic kashki'ihi
kiiii^anaii od ojitoiiini. Api or-bi-namiolamazvid <^t-
i^v azv /kzrc kc/iiud^i^ikdsod ( i)retents to be i>oi)r»
kazt'in iir<>o niii <>(/•»/ /'//as.^/. I\i<-hpiii /(izc('iiimissi-
i^vbau trw ktyrzcdd/s/d iniui mczi.'tja niii <>in'e iiinid-
JaiiiSSdo u/'ii da -ii i nazL'd ud ndd III ill ( we would have
starved.) .\iii da-jj^i-oiidjiiw bakadcziiii /azcfiiiiiiis-
.<ru'(/iitb(/ii. I)eb^iiiiiiiiaiin\ iticzvija iiiii d(i-i>i-i/(iiiiiii
(iiidinakaiiiio l(ii>ii^(' is/ikd/riii;- kis/ipiii /dzcf'iiiiiii.o/-
zi'diii>ibaii. /uizL-iii oaiHurc br/i^zi-abik iiiii da-^i-
(iidzrassi kis/ip/ii d/biKiiiK/zr/ssii^obaii azr I'liin/, iiic
zcija i>aiii(i^iiiaam(izfid iiiiioajzctik dtisszci/b/k.
Azcri/t.'i debniiniiid iiiizc maiiis.hidui$han zvckzvi-
iioiiidjiii? AzcrgZiTii /do^-; iiiaki/a azc kilchi iiidko-
inaii o dibciiiiiuiii, h'zi.izvi&ciisidoi>\ zi'czvib okzvissi
tt>i> niissaii, kimnca dash zcrd/ iidbazi'iiei>- piiidii^a-
doi> aiiiiid baiatci>iu missaii. Xiii zidbamag kokdsk-
iiH ztrkzL'itiodJio; kitrhi zciiiiiiinvan, kawin gduag^
bcji<> pitkdkado$ossi. Bidoii iiij-oli'zi'iisan mas/ikossi
zraii (two loads of hay) ki ga-dibaamon dash. A-
iiiii ty'niikasod azr kas/ikdb/ka/gaiiikcjviiiiiii? John
i/iiiikaso, iiita-aiioki, iiibizva joiiiian od ondinan a
kashkdbikaigauikc-viii. hi pagosshiimin tclii awiii-
an iiaiizcabik, iiiii zti-oishpiiianag- opiin'g, gaie pa-
kzvcjigaii oaic kdkosh. Kazviii mud o/diiiiaiiiiss/
kazvin iiiii gashkitossin trhi aiviiiidn i>ana^e be/i^
osazvdbikoiis.
Who is that man that is look/ng at us? I
don't know him; he is a stranger (maiagitiiiii-
zvi.) Will those men help me? Thev will he)])
thee; I wish they would help me, too; I am
S=,;1
Iff
L .*rHj^
-^■".•■/^ ;
\t<»>r, inv witV is suk, my childn-n are almost
naked, I have no money and n») one pities me.
It 1 hel]) thee an«l i;ive thee money and provi
sions^wilt thou work for me? I will work for
thee most willingly. Take this paper to the
st»»re; the storekeeper will jfive thee bread and
meat and clothes, tea, coffee, and su^jar. Friend.
I thank thee t'nmi my whole heart for helpin^r
me and mv wife and children, we shall always
remember thee, whenever we pray and we will
work for thee w^U. Where is the blacksmith?
W/zr/.s//. <'/■</. ' He is in the bla-ksmith shop Urw/s/i-
hl(i'u-i\iiiitio-oiiii: 1 Can he jjive us something to
oat? He can give us something to eat, but he
does not want tt> < kiniiii iticmiau^'n he is very a-
varicious. Will those Indians go with me? They
do not want to go with thee; they are lazy.
Wilt thou go with me? I will go with thee to
morrow. I cannot go with thee today, I am too
l)usv '^oMVU niii ondamita). Do your i)arents like
to see me? Thev like to see thee, for they love
thee, (lirls. pile up that wood, and you boys,
pile up the potatoes. Who is the oldest of you
two? I am the oldest, he is much younger than
I.
iNTKKMKmATK ExKKCISK.
Dubitalive jonu. II Case.
Suhjuuclh'c Mood. Pliiper/erl tense.
(i;//;^//;nwambanen, If thou perhaps hadst seen me.
^v/Ar/wivcegobanen .. you ,, .. .. •'
:.(/A(^///igobanen .. he ,. , .. " •■
zyt/Af^/z/iwagobanen, .. they ,, .. 'i <•
::7r/'f///nwangibanen,.. thou .. ., .. "^
:;7//w;//iwangibanen,., you ., .^ .. ..
;.'(//»</;//iwangidibanen,.he .. .^ •» ••
< iinuizcnid ^.
I
rdv^^z/y/iwanj^-idwalmnen if thov perhajis hadst
seen us y niiuiz^-iiiih.
:{f^/'^////inowanj,'-<.I*anen, if lie jierhaps hadst seen
us i i'in(izi-/ii(f ,
r£v//>f/«/iO()\van^\VHl>anen, il they perhaps hadst
seen us iklnazi'iiKh.
ir<//;^/;//issi\vanil)anen, if thou i)erhai)s hadst nut
seen me.
:i'<M</;;nssi\ve^<»banen, ,, \u\\ ,. iiadst not seen
nie
,. seen
me
.. .. , seen
me
1 .. ,. seen
us
.. >. ., seen
us
::v//^<////issig'ohanen ,, he
:£7//;f/;//issi\vag-ohanen. ,, thev
:v7//;f//yMssiwangihanen,,, thou .,
:i7//^f/;«issi\vring-il)anen,,, y«tu
:rr//>f/;«issiwan<fidihancn, if he ,, ,. ,, seen
us ( nliia-u'iud)
:i7Mr/;/nssiwangid\vabatten, ii they ])erhaps hadst
Mot seen us { nindzi'iinls
:£7//w///issin()wang-(>l)an, if he i>erha])s hadst not
seen us (kimnvim/)
::7//>r////issinowanjjfvvabanen. if they i)erhai)s hadst
not seeti us {k/iiaztiinf ).
Note. The ne^^ative form has the same termi-
nations as the atlirmative; only that / ,if'frr the
root of the verb is charged into /»/. to which
then the usual terminations are added.
'^iA
^
\\\\m.
h-
J >-■
t-,
KX
r-i"
H:
Ki
'-^^^•^^S:,.-^'
i^^f-S
;>
3(,0
LESSON I.XV.
Stroiu/ (\iiic -fontiiitu'il. Xr^ci/izr /*tir/ic//>/i'>.
/'resell/ Icnsc.
ll'<//V//>r//;/issiwiin, thou who secst me not
■u'li/d/mnnss'ivfcg, you ,, .. .. '»
zvdKf/xifiiissiwiing, thou who st.st us not
xi'did/xiniissiwiin^, you ,, ,, .« ••
zcdidiidinx^si^, he .... me ,,
ii •(//(/ />«;«issi go g, they ,, .. .. ..
zididf>dniiss\\va.ng\d, he ,. ,. us ,,
::'a/Vi/»(/;;nssiwangidiig, they who sees us not.
wdidhdtnisfiino-wdng, he who sees us not
xfrt/Vz/wwissinowangoj^, they who sees us not.
Xiu kishkddii. {kdshkddiig) I cut it.
hishkdudkdii, {in. pi. on) stump of a tree.
Kishkdndkisi /n/h'^; the top of a tree is broken
off by the wind.
X/'n kishkdnddn, {kds/i..(idno) 1 bite it through.
X/'n kishkdshkijdn, U-dsfi..dnii) I cut it with
scythe, I mow it.
/\/s/ikds/ik///j^dn, {in. pi. dn) scythe, sickle, ikis//-
ki/i^'dn ) or nuindshkossizcdndbik.
.Yin kis/ikd<i/iki//[ii(\'{kds/i..^ai) I reap. I mow, I
harvest.
h'is/ikds/iki/'ioe-u'in, iin) harvest, reaping, mowin<i-
l\ishkikobinidgyigdn, brush-scvthe.
Kishkdshkijigrzi'inini, (dn. pi. zudg-) a harvester.
reai>er, mower.
.Yin kis/ikds/ikoss(:fe, {kds/i..wec/) I mow grass.
.Yin kis/ikdzcd, (kdsh..zvdd) I cut some animate
object.
.^f,1 -
nu.u
H£i
.V/'/i iL'timuii>, I. :c'a/(i//..s/(/ 1 I ;iiii woiilthv, rivli.
W'aiKuiishvin, u'li \ we.iltli. rivlu-s.
Ikkilo Kije-MiutHo: oic >ait'mlisi^i<i; kaz.in fa'i/ti.<si
.>V'M'""M'' r/:i' i/iis/i saiiif^iht tai/u itiini oi^iiiu'r.ii-.:i
""'M' M'0'.ii'"'KK'' -^'-^' i'f^iiioiiji o i^{-kis/d(i(iii (Hiiinij
iiioktniiiiiicua j>'/-(iioi/. X/hii^a hi$likauak(nlon inn
iviihaiidiinan ima ki kitiifauiiii^. Anitnii iinni ki>/h
kts/iki/io-afi.^ Xt'n uw'-k/.^/ik fs/ikiK^^s/icr. /utwiii iiiii
iiiikiiiiiin. 7)1)1 iiloi>- ad-d/oozfru kis/inuc kzi-n.-Zsrits.
/i </:c7W k/ i>(i(///>iKi//i(fzt'(i.'!sn:'{ijnh//!^ ci/okitussiiin-
•uiiHi^v^: Auiu dpi iir-ht-dnokiiiuid k/s//kds//k//Vi;r-
"ZL'/H/'u/zi'di^:^ A-u-dSszrd/)dHo /d-/)/(H/ok/:i'di^. l\iii :.•/•
A'd nn'uo-itoddzchsiu'ainhdu kdz^iii ki sdiiiissindii .
/\/.^//kdzc pdkzffy/i^dd, k/s//kd(f// iidi(' /:r :r//dss.
W'didiuuii'sidjin iidnini^i'iii SdSdi>/sr.idi^.- kdZLi'ii
i^ivetrfi gr!>o o niindssizvdzidii keiinidi^i^inidjin. /\f
Ji'd ^di>/iossidd zi'diiddisizL-in, kci^o din>kissi(f(i Irhi
ondji zvtiuddisiidiii>: Mi /i>/zi- iiiiiiiivd:^ i^d-ZidixiiH-
issi'nozi'dHi>fljy. hiiidzid i>d />i-nidZi'ddi\š/iis.<iz.diiii hi-
indzvddishishindiii (come, visit us i />:;•</ d/Vii/zvficii.
< h<.' kid iiiininim: kdkiiid ii^izr zi'(t-di/>d<fWdz^issi<;oi;
/d ■ i> i/idkzfdijtthdzrdi^- oihakzcdodizLii^d hi ii^om^: h'iiia-
zvd zc'ikd i>d-ziui/Y/iniissi:ir<^ kiiuiz.d r/d kiidZi-izvaii
iiiiid dpeniniondii, i^izL' das/i iid-zrdir/iiiiid/i<^- kdz:iii
iiiiid dpeuinio^iiiiidii:
I itittnd to mow hay today and tomorrow I
intend tf> mow my wheat ■ ///// z.i-kis/ikd.</iki/dii(/ii
< ziu'-kishkijdiidii) iiiu pdkzcc/ii^diid^hkoiiidii < Did
thy father buy a scythe?" He bouj^ht a n».'w
scythe; he intends to mow this afternoon. Are
you willing to work for me? We are not willing
to work for you, for you did not pay us. How
much do we owe you? You owe us S7.^.(Mt Wi-
shall pay you immediately if you will work for
us. Who are those men? Thev are the men who
..*»i^
-^
.>'
iM
^rV^
L'd
.«„..U2 —
did not pay me; they are tlif ones who cheated
nie; they are bad men and I will never sell them
anything again, unless they first pay me. Ar»-
those your sons, who did not pay jne? My sons
always paid thee, but those young men did n«>t
j»ay thee. Where are we going to winter/ I
don't know.
InTKKMKDIATK EXKKCISK.
''DuhiUithe'' participles of the '\Seronil Ca.sr"
i thou .... me )
/zi'iDiffi, thou who perhaps. .. .me
izirgzi'cti, you ,, ,, ...me
i:i'(i/ii>en, thou ,, us
izvitngen, you ,, us
i^zvcn, he ,, me
/oweua^f they ,, , me
tzc'tin^iaen, he ,, ,, ....us
izvan^ideuag, they who, us
inowan^en, he ,, ,, ....us
iiKnviingenag', they ,, , us
issiii'inicn
issi'u'ei>zvcii
issixvitngeii
issi-U't'ii/gcf/
issiozirii
issitTt'cud^ii
iss/zi'(iug/i/ei/
issiwaiig'idenaj^
issiuotvaiig ni
issinowa/jgeuiij^
B. The terminations of the affirmative and ne-
gative forms are very much alike.
/I'/V/ -ufczveni ga-doihizi'issizi'tiiicn kid inenimidog
tchi mino dodomin, thou who perhaps didst not
treat me well, thou desirest perhaps that I treat
thee well.
fuiwin wikti gego maiauadak ki gi-inissinoniniui
gamatchi-iJiweg^zL'cn, I have tt«ver said anything
bad of you, who have perhaps talked bad of me.
Kego ininaiva jaw&nimassidii azv ikwc saiug-iissi-
ivangiden^ let us no longer help that woman who
does not love us perhaps.
Ki wi-azvi-ivdbama)i(inig' auind iuini'ujag geja-
ivcniminowangenag gauiibatch, wc will go and set'
some men, who perhaps will assist us-
wn^xtm
Kj'U 1' Aiff."k V^iT
— ^h^-
ifoka:n:i'an^irrn nu„mtc'„'^ Helj) us. friends, yuu
who have helped us often ^ as we think, r
LKSSON LXVI.
Srrou,/ I asc^roti tinned, hnpctativf A/ood.
. \Jinnatii r J'),, ^
\\\tbain\Aim. ^ na/iawhJiil-aii) see nie ( thou i
utihaitnshxg, {xt'tih(iiiih/:ilri>) se-- me ( vou ,
.-iv/^/^//ishinam, see us (thou & you ) "
Jui>o zvai)am'\sh'\U.K!n
., ::v//''/;>/ishikeg-on.
,, Kv//>(//«ishikanjjren.
Note 1. Many verl,s eadinjr in ;/,/. chanLa- the
letter //into/, before the regular terminations,
I. \. Anui (uiomi, I employ him; imperative moml
*////>jishin, r/;/i;jishig, </«^>jishinam.
Note 2. Verbs ending in ssa, change the letters
.v> into >•//, before the regular terminations, f. i:
nnut oossa, I fear him; imi)erative Mood pwshi-
shjn, .i,.v;shishig, A'v^shishinam, kc^o i><»shishiken,
Aroo .i,'wshishikegon, ir^o goshhh'kdngen.
Note 7^. Verbs ending /n aowa A- eozva irnta,
r-uui) contract (iozl/ into ao, and eoiva into eo f
1. mud pakitcoivii ( pakitc-wa:) I strike him; impera-
tive miMd /r/Xv/eoshin, /tf>t/Veoshig, /«>(v/eoshin-
am etc. \/// hajtbaozva {bajibaiva,) imperative
mood /^r///<^aoshin, <^<i/ydaoshig
The radical syllable bakob, has reference to
r
JLfTii»-ii ki .š&tr ■
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
1.0
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ii£.
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1^
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2.2
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^ APPLIED INA^GE Inc
^^ 1653 Eost Main Street
r'.a Rochester. Ne« York 14609 USA
'■.as (716) 482 - 0300 - Ptione
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\mi\i
if
t^
»Vr
.y^'
■^
tf
frVj
"\ ^
i.*^j
f^^^
:^^
.^(,4
w.itiT in a iKCuliar way as will I»e soon from
tho followin}^: t.-xamplos:
.\7// hakoiyi, \bvkohid) 1 };o into the water.
.. hdkohi/niio, ^hck.Joii) I run into the water.
., hakohi'^zi'u^hkxjuii, ^bck..nid) 1 jump into the
water.
,. hakohiiKi, i />rk . . U(i(/ } 1 launch it; put it
(an. ohj. } in the water.
.. hakohiiiaii, ^ hrk . .anir) I hiunch it (a bojit).
., hakohiiiiuaiCnva, i hek ■ zvad ) I hid him go in-
to the water (a ih)g, man t.
., /)(iko/>/>S(\ ^/ffk..sr</) I fall or slide into the
water.
.. InikohiiirhiiHU ihvk..na<h I throw him into
the water.
,. htikohizcchiiiaii, i /trk..<i/ii^t I throw it into the
water.
.. hakdhizvchinidis, i />rk.. .<,>(/ ) I throw myself
into the water.
KXKKCISK.
Tibikoiio bcfiu- ikzir gi-iiissii{i:>o (kille<l herself*
i^i-htd'ohiivchi'iihiisod. Hi-nitniddisliis/iin { come and
vi>it me) iiaiiii>oot{)i(niiiiii. Mi u'ti-ijitr/iigridii :
xiuihaui;- iiin ira-madjita: widniua, ki o-a-mazvadi:<-
<iii. Xoss/i/ti/f, jtnvfiiimiS'hiuam: iiiii bakadhuin.
a^/iaiiiis/iiiidni (give us to eat n XhiidJdnissidoii\
kcjidinc ki irad-as/ianiiiiinim />(ikzcr/i<i>(in i>aie zvii-
(fšs. Vi/io-wiss, (ini)i rjitrhigriaii? Xossc, uin bakd-
hi, II in zci-ptfi^is. (I want to bathe.) /gizv kzrizri-
šn/sao bdkdb'ibd/ozido, zci-pdi>-is(m'di>. Xi/i iidbeni
sdidoiiudu, kei>o zirbiiiishikeu', ketro bdkczvijishikeii :
ki sd_i>iii/. iiio/di>- ki ^i-sd^yi/i, ki j^i-bdbdmifoi/ }>dic
Azc iidbikzi'dtiizi'iniiii iioiii>oni iiijii>'(idiuii> o j>dbd-
kdbiiidii o iiabikzfdn. Mil inos/iztr/ii uin gipd'ii^i-
s/iinid nibikdiiii:- bdkdbinind/d kiddi (thy d«|g >
/r/ii dzci-niindiiidd. Jesus Debcnimiidn, jazvcnimish-
nii/slu'o; aii(i)iiiefiizv/s/iii>- ,i:ti/(\ /\i/r-.\/ti?ii/o j/oss/j/-
(111 kt'i>o apai>i//s/iikthii'r'N malchi is/d-otcu^ oiuiji
II in batdijinviiiiiHDtin: Jtizi't'tiiiuis/iiiiaw tchi luufji-
J>imadisiidu<^, tcki niv'aiak airurnimusoifimi na/i:
\i\yiiu\ kei^o txis/itnijeos/i/krn, ir^^v pal-i/rosJuir,/.
Mitio ihhiiizcis/ii'n, 'iiaiuncen/niin/u'ii, /r^'v* mvlclii
tfodazv/s/iiken, keoo ou/c ininai/s/u'lcu.
I.NTKKMKDIATl': ExKKeiSi;.
Diihitiitivc form, hirst Case: iinporftvt Icnso.
uiiiiaifizr «.t'- stih/'inirfizr moods.
H'(//;f//;/im)Wamhan, I saw theo ])erh:i]>s
:t7//6<//yagowamban, wt- saw theo i>erhai)s
zvahamino^ohAn, he
:£7//6(//;an()g-waban, thev ,,
:rv//w;;/in()wag-og-<>ban, I ,, you ,,
:i'f//;r///ag-()weg()ban, wo ,, ,, ,,
zi'ii/niiinnowG^ohAxv, he ,, ,,
:jv/<V;;/inoweywaban, they saw vdu ,,
/i azviu ;r<//w/y/issin()wamban
,, :tv/(^f/;;ng-ossiwanl)an
,. :iv//ww/issinoj>f()ban
,, :iv//w;«issin<)gwaban
,. r£V//w;//issin<»wag-<)jr«)ban
,, riv/Z^f/wignssiweg-oban
,, :£7//wwissinoweg<)ban
,, r£V//^<miissin()weyfwaban.
Hf/Ar^/y/inowambanen, if I ha<l perhaps seen iheo
:.v//w;//igowambanen, ,, we ,,
,, thev
I
we
he
."v/Z/awitiowegwabanen,,, thev
z'.'dlhi m'xno^oh-Ant^ti,
::'f//>r/;;nn<)gwabanen,
:i7//>^niiinagogobanetl.
::'<//;r^;//i«»;owegobanen,
::7//w;;/in()wegobane!i,
had,.
voii
it%-.
txii;
jT;
"4'^
■•^^
'.,f<^^%
.%(>-
.^'
?-1
;i'<//>r/7/nssinowambaneti
zi'<//^</w/igossiwambanerl
Kv/Artwissinog-obaneti
KY/^aw/issinogwabanen
zt7//5«;;/issiiiagogobaneii
zi(idamigo%siwegoha.nen
zi7/^«;;/issitiowegobanen
ttY^/;r?/;nssinowegwabanen
Note. Mark the great similarity between the'
terminations of the affirmative and the corrcs
ponding ones of the negative forms.
The /fio of the affir. form is changed into /ssinti
.. ifi'o ,, ,, ,, „ ,, ,, ,, igossi
The latter part of the terminations are alway?*
alike. This remark applies to the present and
imperfect (resp. pluperfect) tenses, indicative and
subjunctive moods and participles* of both
"Cases," in the Dubitative forms.
J.-..
LESSON LXVIL
( 'ontracted tenniiuilioiis.
■frVi
a-:
Regular termination in
Contracted ,, {aiva) on
f, ,, iaowii) aon
,, „ {eowa) eon
Regular ,, ig
Contracted ,, (a-wa) ag
,, „ {aotva) iwg
,, ,, icowa) eog-
The rest of the verbal terminations are regular
and are added to the al>ove contractions..
issi/iofi elc.
osshion
aossinon
eossinon
igossi
agossj
aogossi
eog OSS/
i...
.^f,7
X/>/ /Kis/i(////r-u(r, i//cs/i..zi(t(/) 1 whip him.
.. piikitc-^a, (pek..-L'ad) I strike him.
,. nandoticzi'iiy inen..-u'(ni) I seek him.
,, baiibazva, (besh..iva(i) I stab him.
., in'iii>zvaiva, (iieii..zvaii) I burv him.
,, ihn/azva, (em/..xLuid) I do to "him.
.. (intiiiiic/d'ua, ( cii..zi'(u/) I pray for him, also.
to him, adore him.
EXKKCISK.
Ml inv k-u'izi'isciis/'sh gaptikiteod, i^tiie mi ouozi'
i^ii-pakitcodjii^ . Bahdnandoneoshin ! ' Ki$hpin Inibd-
nmidoucoa^izi'im kazvin ki ga-mikazvi<.si. Kijc-Ma
into uosse, bas/ianjeos/iin oina tikini>; paiiiniu da^li
/azveiiimts/iin: Kis/ipin uondonaui^zva zvazca^hkc-
^^hnvag, fa-}iand/izv€b(iidizi-air. Kis/ipiii dash non-
dossiiiozvaiiuzva, besho ki gadoiid/i pas/ikisziuind-
iitiT. hishpin zvi-pakitcoziHid li>;i-v' iuinizvan, m'l^
ga-wij>(i/Hii>. Xiii ii;i-kitchi-maichi-dodai*og aiiind
auishniabc^i* (hi-uingzvao)id)i^, n ingot in ^ to-abitc/ii-
fxizvag- (will rise again from the dead"). Azv wedi
nengzcaond ikzvc, gi-kitrki- ino-ikzirzii.
Lntekmkdiate Exekcisk.
Dubitative form.
The imprr/rrt tense, indicative and snbitinrtize
mood, of the /I. Case.
Indicative Mood.
(ionima zvabam'w ban, perhaps thou sawest me
:tY//>«;;/iwe<4^(>oaii,
ti'(7/^rt;«ig-oban,
zv(i /^a/wigwaban,
:^v^/;r?;wiwangiban,
:rr//^rt«/iwangiban,
rr<7/;r/;//iwangic!iban
57
you
he
they
thou
you
he
M
us
t:
..?(,. s-
Ml
r-'
^rVj
H.r
It:
^'
''.<^
1«
(t'oiiniia ;r(//'</;;/ino\van^obaTi iK-rhiij , he saw
., rcvz/vf/w/iwanfridwaban, ,, thoy
;:v//'<//;/inu\vrm>^waban. ., they
(.'(Hiiniti hizi'/i/ :Lii/><i>uiss\v:iimh;in.
;t7/^<r/wissi\ve«^()batl
:L7//;</;//issi^i)baii
::7A/»<////issijr\vaban
..vz/wwissiwangiban
,, „ :r(/A(/;//issi\vangiban
,, ,. ;:7/At/ywissi\vanj^i<liban
:.Y//></wissin()wanj^t>ban
,. „ rivz/irA/^/issiwanj^^idwabail
„ ., ;iv//^<A///issirjowarf«fwaban.
Snh/uurtii(' Mooii.
M'</Ar/>y/i\vambanen, if thou i)erh. hadst seen
;:</A</wiwe^<)l)anen, ,, yiiU ,. ..
;r(//'(////i}4'<>bar»en, .. he
:i7^/'(////iwag"()banen, .. they
:i7//'r^;;/iwaniifibanen,., thou
:r<//w/yawan}j^ibaneil,,. you .,
;i7//>(/;//t\vanii:i(libaneti, if he ,,
:;7//'r/;;/ino\van}^obaneii,,, he ,, ..
::7/A</^;/iwanjj:i(lwabanen„. they ..
;.7//»</;//inowan}rwabaneti,,,theY,, ,<
:i,'<//w^/nssiwambarlen
:£V//'r//;/issiweg'obaneii
:£7^/w;;nssijJobanen
r.wf^r/wissiwagobanen
riV/Z/it/wnssiwang^ibaneti
:i7//wwissiwan*(ibanen
;i7//wwnssiwangi(libanen
:i7//;</7;/issinowan fifobanen
;i7//'(?;y/issi\vang-i(lwabaneti
.■;'<^/w///issinowan«j;'wabaneTi.
ti>
lllv"
lis
.^f)'»-
,ii<iiioiii^siiion, if thou wilt not liear tiu-, I will
not talk to thee.
(utninm zc'ufHiniinoh,m /oJin, jK-rhaps John saw
Makijd /f>/iir;i/w/:,roo/>iif/, iKrhai)s voii hali'd
IllC
me
LESSON LXVIII.
Scaw(/ Casc—coiitiuued, Verbs e>nii„i^ iu naA:ssa.
Note 1. Verbs endinjr in mi chanire ;/ into / in
some cases: to which / the usual' terminations
are added tor instance.
Kid anoj thou emplovest me h'cncin jissi
,, anojnii, you •- •
,, uuojimin, thou
,, anojimiu^ you
Xind tinoni<>\, he
,, anoiiii>oi>\, they
,, (inouii>on(in, he ,,
,,(n/o///oof/('i///i> ,r the V, .
us
me
us
/issmi
/Vss/fi//j/
//.>siiiiiu
iiii^ossi
f//[i;(>ss/i/('n/
ll/^OSs/f/<{///i;
/\'is/ip//i u,w///aii, if thou emplovest me ms/zi-aj/
aiiojiieg\ ., v„u
,, auojiiciuir, ,, thou
,, aiiojiiaug, ,, v<,u
,, ano/iiann-id, ,, he
,,(inoJiianiiidzt„, , , thev
,, a noil i mm a; ., he
^yOitoiiimiiigzvo, ,, thev
Aiiojishin!
anojisliisr.'
oiiojis.himwi .'
/ISS/ZfCi^
us J IS SI zed II i^
,- ,, /I'ssizcaiii'
11 ,1 /issizc(iiii>id
,1 ^,/issiZiaiiu/dzi-ii
1. ,,lllSSIIlOZC(lllo-
,1 1 , lllSSIllOZi.(llll> "- v/
/i ri^i) iDioiishikeiil^
1 1 aiiojisliikci^ on !
1 1 (lJI0jis/ljkillli>rjj :
umm' U
n.
-:4^
Tt;
■*^
"'<
^^
.f .'.<.
N« (o 2. Vi-rbs otnlin^r in ss(f vluititj^e this » in-
to >7/ ill all i-asi's where in the al)«)ve paracliffiii
the letter ;/ is ehanfrod into / before the re^ailar
terminations; t". i. // .<,'V>.s7/, h' iivs/i/'m, ki }io.<hi-
)iiiii. i^os/iinii/. i;os/ii/< i; etc.
Xii/ pindiiiund, \ paii..iiiiih I make him k'«» '"•
., mnia, ^luumui) I M^ive (to) him.
,. luinu, ^niiiiiiuui) I fetch him.
., znnfina, (z.'aitiiL\.inni) I call, name hnn.
., hunt, (/niiiiiil) I brinjr him.
ijIx.iiKi, ir/..i/(i(f) I conduct, lead, carry him.
,. oossd, (,i,::r. <.«/(/> I fear him.
,, '7:.<S(i, w'sstuh I jnit him.
,, ///.s\N<'. n/css(it/) 1 kill him.
., niaziiidisMi, uiirzcstuh I visit him.
., o(//ss(i, iur..s(Kh I i^o ti) him.
iiu'iJiimi, ^iiniitit{..naih I take him alon«,^.
KXKKCISK.
Ihbi'uimiinu, mijhhin ki JazLriniii'i(Czvhi. t!p(\i^ls/i
n-aic mijiiau nitiiivtinii k(ii>i^r bnmiJisrwni i>yi-
%iio: AW.S7', mi' (KC o(i-p(ikitcoiani>iii />i/r/inia^:>.
''^\:irf/cii oriri-urzciiid llead me home)? A/// so ki
„a-oizcrzci)iin. .W/^i:r n!ckancizfei{iii>- •u'li-nts/inf/i^i:
%P>ii>r himaliii'izi'iniiiii iiiiii>o"ii ^'P^.^i'V' . jji'^^'!"'"
a„o Kiie-Miiuito. Marie, iwi-madjii kniiiijtnn^srn>
apt ba-niazvadishiian. Ki -wi-uish ma? hazviii k,
-ri-nis^i^^iiwN. Makija ki iitnh. Kazviti ki ^vss/ssr
],o,i. Azcrnni i^zir'shiii? Ka azviia ki jfossf^oss/
Yin ou/-o(/issi^- iia kissaic? Makija kazvm ki i><u(-
o(ii<^?i>o<^i- ('ossin' azc- matchi ammosh; takzvau
or<iiki. Wahaiii^- 'nin i^a-habd-fiiazrdi/is/imr (make
visits) [zL'ciiaiaii- ^c-^mnvadissalhva? i\igau uin
Pci-niaztwiissa^a- 'iin/oiiovg saiagiagh, panjma iin,
'oa-niazi-adissao- nidfikzveiag- saiaginl/ig. hi gt-o(f/<
v/ov^// na iiin' madiihiii>aii? Kazliu nin gi-oif/ss/oos-
i»*.
•;>71-
sill h „un/n/>n_<iiin. Aiiiinii <^a-,i»,„/:.a niii luiml-
likini'iiium- (my inittms.? Makukoii'^ „/ii »i-,i^^„"
/\<ru'iii ,11 n ni/kmviissiii. Aiiiinii'^n) assininia hn,-
■^liinilo i^a-nl,k:i'u nihoiani^^ /\is/ip,,i i^,-.:,.,„,„,>.
i/nirfiismnin oma uk/i/i^, k, n,uf-aš>,\>oi,aii [^,/,<.„ii,.,
k/s/if>/n (fas/, oc-i,/ „iui,/u-i;i:c'c/>isi,uiiii, Ji/' iiUtt-a^Z-
Mouaii kai;,i>r ,,/iko/ri,^ anainakamlu. hid iunuiani
nil trhi ijncijiiiiu ahrurzc/^oini^oiin/ /■:iuiii^r ka
ki -u'l-i/tzi'imii (if(izct':nn(i,tiio(»i,n. . \ii,>niit'-zci<'^iini,<-.
OHM- e/<ii<\iiou, aut-nuHf/iii,^ /. •ui\ija„issizca^. .\Vii
)iis/ikinf„,taj,- i,„ ki^himc' hazrin ki iiis/ihn/i\i/a-
,iioss, h, hakiuU- na.' firi^r/, ,iin kilrlii hakadr, nil,
n,n,a/un,.ssui. n,,,)-. .ls/,ainis/„n,i„, /xikzcr/ii.^,, ",i,r
nmuiis/„„a,n „,akalc „,as/,kikizca/>o. Az.i^naj zcrzcA
k, n,,„(//,ka7ni„a<i A'""/'' <i:ri„(f(/in ki zv'izviikzv,n,
iiiur ki /xihuisiktru-Ui^a,,. Apr^is/i iuzvniimiziad i-
izc /kzcrzi'tin; i,/>ra,s/, n-air „,ijiz'Saii puni-is/n' <^e
muiiiian, nin n,:^sii>vn />,d(u/rz.,n. Anssi,',,,,,, kUii-
nan(iot<i„iai>o anmuihninan- K<''*' nahikazviioan Sii-
■T^'.'l'.^. <'l^if'';^iKinniii;on'^ azc ininizfis/i nazras/,
V.';'7"^- i'\tkoh,halo kzvizvisens: ahzvr>o, zi'i-p<iuiso
if>fko„i>- h(y,i> ikztr o ui.„il„n zciiazc u^i-hako'liiziu-
liniiciMHi . I zca^sonai^o hcjii^ /, //,-/// Xiokontan <• i-
pds/ikisodiso. •
Where art thou jroinj^ry l am K^cinj- to diurili.
Who IS ^roing- to s;iy the first Mass and who v ill
say the last? Father John will sav the last Mass
;iml preacli and F. Francis will sav the tirst
Mass, but he will not jwach. Conu' and visit me
sometimes. I will see thee this aitern.M.n; now I
am too busy to talk to thee lonj--. Where are the
tw^o men. who worked for me? Thev are Lnme
home. Let them come to see me n,in\a hizva/xi-
i>i,oo^) I want to pay them. Where are the boys
who struck yon? The boys that struck us ran a-
vvay. I will punish them for striking vou. Didst
thou pay me what them owest nie? I have nc.t
t::;
■'.I X-^
-.;:
p.iiil llur \At; I Ii.kI in> numiv. Imt iniiinrrow .t
111.111. Inr wlioiii I \vorkr«l, will p.iv iiu- S25.no
.mil tluii 1 will i»iiv tluf ill lull. Wluii will du-
ilov lor visit iiU' .111(1 iiiv siv k .hi Id? I If will •. i>il
vt'ii at diir o'vIikU. Arr tlntsi- mn' liappv/ 'I'luv
.no li.ippv ti»r luv ari- wfli paiil inr tlirir work
.iml lia\o fiioiiiih to r.it and to wi c. |)id viuir
inotluT wliip vou? Slu' did not whip us, hut sin-
whippi-d our ohUst hrotlur. lu\ausi' lu- s{i>\r
soiMi' appUs. |)i«| \^n\ hrrak that door? No wr
di«l not hr^ak that door. Who hr ki- it? \Vr
don't know. Aw thosi- vhildivn siv k ? Tlu'v ar.-
^iik and |;o«)r. I shall hitt- ii j;ood doctor to at
Itud to tlu'in.
1 NTi;iv'\ii;i>i A IK l'',\ i.Kcisi;.
Ihihitatii i- lonii. I ( oiifii^ii/iiii/.
Noti'. Thf plupcrlVvl ti'iisc ol the itt(lit.ati\t'
niocul. an.( the prosont and iiiiprrt'fct tonsos ol
tho suhjun*. tivi" ino«»d. ;is also the partiiMpU's, cd'
th;' I>ul)itati\o fifth conjuj^atioii art" i-xaitlv the
v.iiiK' as thosr of thi- first iorjuy.ition; I', i:
.'■>iih/innii:t- mood, prcsciil fnn^r.
/.'pn//j//o\\iincn, that I porhap-^ trust in him, tluni.
''/>n/fn/owiincn,
I />n/ ////ownu<^cn,
(■/><v/ /;//(> wan yotT.
r/'r)//i//owvir\\\'u,
(■/></;////(>w'a!^\von.
Ctl
Sshl'O/H'H
»7
A'//r/,
'!■ filler /I
<><' \
I <l«Mj't ki
liis V
/oliu
'I'll (i:f
iiiiin I'^riiiiiitn
hii-r.
•w wlutJuT tJl.ll
V 7/
'll.lll ]|
'•' ".i:iin iii/iiii.
" .iid n/iL/:
^f-l Will .loin^^:,^;^'://'^;' '' ^" ""^'-■'•»"-
^iri- to si'll uiir hors..^ r"'« "' '■ '^'"'"l" «l«-
Ntok. ,„v ,„„„,.,. I ;,i ",..'', ".•'■ '1"^ I-rl,;,ps
LKSSOX j.xix.
.Srrvv;/// < V.„/,,,,,,/,,,,,, .l///;v//.,/,:r o,ul m^i^alnr
Jiinii.
Note 1. \Vc c<)iiK> now !/> tliv
tliat IS. such as arc used onlv
iini|H'i-soTv:il viThs,
m th.- Min! jhi-
^ym
M\-
i
/
■Ki
v.Tl.s is sunu-tliinn ///</////'"'/"''. '" sninr y;.scs
////Av>7>;/'//. I. i: X7>>/;<r/, it is o.ld; .v'-//"- '^
stiiiws.
NoU- ■• Virl.s ..t tlu' si-vvnlh o.n.iu^,Mti..n iii.i
i„'„. r, /, -'. I. i: ijiuikiUU, it is V'.l.l, ,//^w H
is >i(U'liuw-. :,.7'^/7w^s>r. it shuts Inr itsdl. mn lun-
jrrs ..r spriti)^s).
N'oto ^ Son .■ ..f tlu-sr viTl.s, n:itm-ly tli.'s.-
wlii.h i.rt- iniiuTsonal. arc iiso.l onlv in the s,ii
jrular tuiniluT, I. i: X/»/m.- tt is void:
Indicaint' Mood.
I*}r<.cnt fiitsc.
/liiiik(iik\ it is i-alK'il, I
iiiiiikii<h\\<i\\^ thoy an- ca1U-«l |
/iiiperfcci /iiisr.
///ii/imk'hun. it was calletl,
///;//X-r/(/cl)aniii, they were calloil
Si(bii(nrt(hc Mood,
/^/rscn/ /(•>!.<('.
///nihhfvii, if it is called,
//y////<7</c«r, if they arc called.
/ucviii rss/'iioii.
., iss/noH.
Kav'iit <'>>/-
)i<U>au
., i\^siiio/)(i-
II ill.
/x'au/n c.^siiio^:
csaincii'.
I Vu perfect /ense.
///////v./ejfil.an, had it been calle.l, I r.:..///.;-//'.///.
///////•m/e^iban, had they been calle.l | e^si,ioM>f><"..
I^irtiriplcs.
/'resell! tense.
Kjinikadc^. wh.-h is called, I ^^^'"og)
ejiiiikdde^\n, which are called. I essiiioiiin.
.^7.^
huftit/Wt hfist'.
J'ljiiiikiuh'iiiluiti, whivh was ijilU-l.
i'jiuikinleiiiluiniii, wlii».li wrf ralliil.
Sfiothf- 'I'liinI f^nson.
Iiuliratiit- M,nu{.
I Jin /ith/vn i , //////X7/</on i w ;i ti ,
ijiiiiluuk'W i ba n . ijiiiiltuk n i I>a ii i ti
i'>>ini'niifniii,
^^tnoiiitui
II ill.
<'ssiniiii-rs^'iiiii-
:i.(iii,
t ■» /;/ /// ihau rss i
niiiihaiiin.
Sii ttjii itf/iz r . ] /oiu/.
/\'is/i/>iii ///////v/^/enijr, i/ini/iink'm^r
,, ///w//v7f/enl>fil)an, //////Xf/^Anijril.an
rssininii;, rssinin ii>,
rssit/ in n^i/ui ii , <•»/// /// ii>^ ihaii
l\iitii-ipli
V.v.
/iiiikfn/v n i jr i ha fi , '•//;/ //vV^/c Ji i jr i l ,;ni i n
rssininii>, t'ssiniiiii>in,
CSS ill in ii>ilKin , ess in in in ioihu n in .
An in cjinikiidei'- o-u.^ Addpozdn ijinikade ,>:c; o-
nozf (/(i.s/i af)dhi',vinan i/iniiodnvan. Kijc-Munilo o
ina^indiminniii o/ihiii^ddrni Kijc-Manito od ikkHo-
zi'in. An in zir/i/iiii^m/rniii John od ijimka^ozi-in.'
Anindi ajniiii ''/<"vV- o ziixialzcan^ 7'ihiidoj^ ctcni-
^liztrn. Kitrlii sonipo non^om; kazcin kissin'assinon.
hazi'in ziika onia ninond/ioadcssinini (was not
heard ) h'i/c-Manito od ikkitozvin, kazvin zcikir o(fi>
!iiizV(ifHindJii>(idcssinon Anainessikhcin. (iiapitr/ti-
tdc/uin kid is/iko/eniizca hzva hi-inadjajdn. h'azvin
j>ziefr/t oisoi>ipossijio/)(ni fti/xnionn: A'i zitdxnidd-
•§1
%
.^7(.
/um ina masinainiijiini aJotxn.-iiiiiiii cleiiiii? Mi
iiin, iiiii nuisiuaii^amni. Wdiha ini' 'WdkaigiDi tu-ui-
oohni/ioinic, bckiimik ihnh ninvaich melrha<> hi-oji-
lr/iii((iiic. (ii-uadjioadcuilniniu Mikc^ o makisina)!
na/c od ii/i!>aiiah Irwa nuid/apa)!. Ki i>Jiilikitoti lui
lcki aiiimianitnvad John o 'iiHisiiiaii>an zirziru/ ztr-
jihiiiiiidessiniiiin? Enhcck niii i>v.</iki/ou tchi agiii-
diimdii hv niasiiKiiodH mamauj Zi'cjihiii>ade^i>. lui-
zi'iii zveKL'fiii (inok/ss/m, kis/ip/f/ osdm kiidtc^: kii
zviu i>iiic mluo />/ni(>ssr.<s//ii ki^/ipin osiim soo/poi>:
The sermon, written on that i)ai)er, is j^ood
{ouijishitn Have mv books been brought here?
Some have been broug-ht here, but some are yet
in the school. Yesterday it was cold, to-day it
snows, tomorrow it will thaw ( ta tdxizva.) John's
clothes are torn (/)/i>()s/,'k(i>//'zi.-ciu) ami wet. Let
there l)e wood brouj^ht. Only dry wood was
brought. Canst thou write to my brother? I can
write to him tomorrow; to-day I am too busy ios-
iini niiid ondamita. ) (io often to church and lis-
ten well to the priest's sernvm. He speaks to(r
loud; his voice is heard far away. Twenty houses
were built in this town last year and fifty will
be built this vear. Last summer it was very
warm, but this' summer it is not warm. I saw
the larg-e (metr/uii>iin boxes in the store. That
house is small, but that ime is very large. John's
store took fire and burned down.
'::i<s?~'?Br^-jrim^c.vj»iCa^*65r-ia;
-377-
LESSON LXX.
Eighth Coujui^atiou. Affirmative and iici>atiic
forin&.
Note 1. To this conjug-ation belong' all uniper-
sonal verbs etiditifr in mi, {. \\ uinamid, it is
hard, difficult, dear-
in
Note 2. Verbs of the seventh conjug-ation can
be made verbs of the ciffht conjugation b}- add-
ing magad to their characteristic vowels </, r, /,
o, f. i: mitch-A, w/'/rZ/amagad.
Note 3. The adding of mm^aii to verbs of the
seventh conjugation does not alter at all their
signification; a person can say i'issiiia^ it is cold,
or, kisinauiagad, it is cold.
Note 4. Personifying verbs (they represent in-
animate objects acting as if they were animate)
are formed from the I, II, and III Conjugaticm
by adding niagcid to the third i)erson singular
indicative, f. i: ikkito he says; //■X7'/r>magad, //
says; Inendam, he (she) thinks; /;/r//(/</womagad,
it thinks. Dagii-ishiu, he arrives; dagzvishiiioxn-A-
gad, it arrives.
Note 5. Some of these verbs are used only in
the singular number. This refers especially to all
impersonal verbs, f. i: kissiuaviagcid, it is cold.
Note f). The word dii)(iii>(iued which is only
used in compositions, may also be classified un-
der this head. They will sa}-, f. i: Xano-dihaiga-
nedy it is five o'clock, /unvin /Ndshi innio-dihaiga-
nessinon, it is not yet five o'clock. Auiu eudasso-
dihaigaiieg? What o'clock is it? Midasso-dibaiga-
iicdinig- ta-hi-ijazviig oma, they will come here at
10 o'clock. (Used in Minnesota).
^^
r^. ■
-378-
%
'r^:
J
m;^
Remark 1. In the negative form of the uniper-
stmal verbs ending in gwad they will say always
L'vssinon instead of gwassinoii, f. i; kawhi de-api-
/endagoss/'non, it is not worth to.... etc.
Paradigm.
Indicative mood.
Present tense.
.Sanagsid, it is difficult, dear
sanagadon, they(in.obj)are dear
lunvin assinon.
,, assinon.
Imperfect tense.
Sanagadohan, it was difficult, dear,
sawaijadobanin, they were dear, difficult.
Kawin assinoban,
,, assinobanin.
Kishpin sanagak
,, sanag'dk.
Subjunctive Mood.
Present tense.
Kishpin assitiog,
, , assinog:
Pluperfect tense.
Kishpin sanag akiban ,
,, irtwrt^akiban,
Participles.
Ptesent tense.
Kishpin assinog iban,
,, assinogiban.
.Senag-dk, something difficult dear; assinog;
senagSLkin, things dear, difficult. assinogin.
Imperfect tense.
Scnagakibauy thing that was dear, difficult.
senagakibanin, things ,, were ,, ,,
379
assinogihaii
iissi)iOi>ibanin
Second Third Person.
Present Unse.
Singidan Pinr.il.
Siina!^A([\n\, .'>7/;/«i>acliniwan.
(issin/n/, assininhcan
Imperjert tense.
.S</;/^/i>acliriiban, sanagd,Ci\xi\hAmx\.
assininiban assininihanin
Suhjitncthe Mood.
Present tense.
.S(in(ij> adinig- S(in(ii>adimg
(rss/'n in ig; ass in in ig
Pluperfect tense.
.SVi-z/r/^'aditiig-iban, sanagA(S\ri\^\\yAr\
assinmigihan, assininigiban.
Participles,
Present tense.
.Vr;/rt^ adinig,
assininig,
Imperfect tense.
senagA(\\mi^\r\
assininig-in.
Sena^a.6imgihan, 5<';/^Ai>aditiigibatiin.
assininig iban, assininigibanin
Sanagad, {sen . .gak) it is difficult, hard, dear,
Wempavad, {7V(iicn..n(ik) it is easy cheap.
Miinadad, {luaian . .dak) it is bad, wrong, mali-
tious.
•■^^
■*>
6. S-,
mmc^p
ffl^
^ '^^■■■^'
mM^.
R^
i^a
Mindukads {mendokuk) there is dew oil the
ground.
Aiiakzi'ttd, iaianakzi'ai') it is cloudy.
Mijak-.vad, {nicj . .zvak) it is clear, fair weather,
the sun shines.
Xagzvad, i/Ki/'dj^-zc'iik) it appears, is visible.
Ijiudgzvad, (cj..zvak) it resembles, it looks like.
Miuzvdbamiudgzvad, ()iien..Zf(ik) it looks well, has
a beautiful appearance.
Mdudbaminao-.vad, (imiiaii . .zvak) it looks ugl}'.
/uishkcnddgzvdd, i kes/i..zvtik) it is sad.
Minzi'cnddgzvad, {men . .zvak) it is considered a
g-reeable, pleasing, delightful.
/f'iimaj:>cid, {ej..gad) it goes.
/ii-ijaniiigad, {ha ■ s^tik) it comes.
AfCidfanuwad, iiiuiKid g-ak) it departs, leaves.
/)ai>zL'ishindniai>ad, {dci>:.i>-ak) it arrives.
lilgoshkamagddy {lHi..iCak) it breaks, it tears.
♦ EXEKCISK.
(wi-dagzvishiuumagadon nibizvu makakou gaic
viasinaiganau. Xoug'om oiuigoshig iskkote-oddhcii/
ta-madjibiso (will "leave) ta-bid/ibideiiiagvd (will
arrive) dash is/ikotc-nabikzcau. Kitchi kissinama-
giid noiigom, zi'ii/uuig dash /a-abazfafiiagad makija
Minzvcndagzvad pagisoiig (to bathe) izv kijatcg\
kazL'in dash minzvetidagossiuou tchi pagisoug izi'
kissinag: Azv iiiini o gigitozvin miuotagzvadini
(sounds well). JagathvJumomagad izv masinaigair
(that book speaks English, is an English book)
izi' dash zvcdi cteg zi'cmifigv/ijuoniagad. Eji sagii-
di>oian ki gad-iji'-sagia kidf anishinabe, mi ekki-
touiagadinig Kijc-Mauito o niasiiiaig'ati. Niu i>i-
ojibiamazva iiin papa UVsro>/si//g endaiiakid; aniii
izvapi ge-madjamagak izi' niii madjibiigan? Xow
gom igo gi/'igak ta-mad jamagad . An in dash izva-
pi zvedi ge-dagzvishiuomagak? Azvasszvdbatig zvedi
-381-
-uuw i>aic (It snows and drifts). \\,ii„ iz^at>i or-
i^hkivapo}*;? (when will it stop snowin^r? ) Makija
OzL'd oiiiii>os/ui>- /d-fs/ik-u'ci-soo/po ( ta-ishkzL'apo. ) '
LESSON LXXI.
Mtitli CoiiJii^i>atioii. Affiymalhe ami nri>tit/ze
form.
Imiicativt Mood.
Affinmith'c form. Present tense. Xe^dthe form,
(hiijis/ini, it is g-ood, fair, useful,
oiiijishimm, they (in.obj) are jrocxl
/mpetfect tense.
On/j/s/i/nohun, it was g-ood
onijis/u'nohiinm, they were good
h'lnvin si mm.
,, sinon.
haze in sinohmi
,, smohanin
Suhjunetive Mood.
Present tense.
<)nijishini>;., because it is good,
oni/is/iini>, ,, they are ,,
Pluperfeet tense.
Onijishin^yXrAXi, had it been good,
i>niJis/iingxh-Ar\, had they,, ,,
Partieiples.
/^resent tense.
Ueni/is/iing, what is good,
xirni/is/iinoin, things that are good
s/nop-
sinoi>
sinogiban,
sinogibivi.
sinoi>,
sinog'in.
%
■382-
%
,4'.
i>i'
'^i:
\^t
w
V>^-^<!^./<t-;^'
Pi
mm.
Imperfect le)ise.
W'efii'jishinnihini, what was yood,
zi'enijishinoihanin, things that were
good.
Second third I*erso)i.
Indicative Mood.
Present tense.
sino^niban
isni>i>il)(in-
ill.
Onijishin'xm,
n i/'is/i in in izva n .
Ka-JL'in sin in i,
sininizi'iin.
Imperfect tense.
()ni/is/iinimba.n,
(>ni/is/iinimha.mri,
luizcin sin in iba ii ,
,, sininihanin.
Subjunctive Mood.
Present tense.
Kislipin oniji'ihinimg,
,, oni/is/iininig,
Phiperfect tense.
oni/is/iininig\ha.n,
on ijish in /n i gi b an .
Participles.
Present tense.
Weni/is/iin'mig,
zcentjis/ii ninigin.
Imperfect tense.
]\enijishinin\g\h?in,
wen ijishin mi gibanin .
sininio,
sinini}>.
siniiiii>ibaii,
sininiii'iban.
sinmig;
sin in ig in.
sininii>iban,
sin in ig iba n in
-383-
'l ii-o u ijish in /n i ,
ta-oHijis/iinin i wati .
hnpcnitivc Mooii.
Knivin sinini,
,, s/nin/nuiu.
Note 1, The ninth conjug-ation ends in an a.u]
til, f. i: iiaiigaii, it is light, kosigxvaii, it is hea-
vy; lakassin, it is cold (wind.)
Note 2. Some of these verbs are used only in
the sing-ul ir.
Note 3. The negative forms of the three uni-
personal conjugations are almost cxacth alike, as
a comparison of said conjugations shows.
Note 4. The second-third persims are used
mostly in the present tense, both in the indica-
tive and subjunctive mood and participles.
Aiiishinabczvissin, (en.. sin n) it is in Indian, in
the Indian language.
Jaganaslii-u'issin, ( /aia^ii. .sin^) it is in English (a
letter, book).
Wemitigdjizvissin, (zcaieni . .sii.i^) it is in French.
(,'ihdkti'assin, (pi on. ^ibdkossin) i>el). sing) it is
shut (a door), oibdhcassin, it is shut
by the wind.
Pakukossin, (paiak..sing) it is open; pahiA-zrassin,
it is opened by the wind.
Aaiigwi, (naiangang) it is light.
Kosigwan, {kzvesigzcang ) it is heavy.
Mim/Jimissin, {men. .sing) it holds, "it is strong.
Minossin, (menossing) it lies well.
Manossin, (maian, ■■:u'ng) it lie badly, it is badly
placed.
lakassin, {tek..sinp) it is cold (the wind).
EXKKCISH.
Kitchi kosigzvanon onozv makakon, pindezvan
masinaiganan makakong; mi zvendji-kosigwang on-
'lHMf'ui
r^.
iJltH
X
cVi
i-^
K
384
o-u' mak-akoii. Xiu ,ulhi/cdzvaii<ni nolceinhij>zuiui, iijn
bimhvanau liash min^cni; ikkito Dehcmijiiied. .S</-
HiWiui zvii'i}itchii>ciai': ki InvamnviUm, im cncmia-
m'an. lurS'iu osam umau^a^^imm, uind meiniam:
nin i>ii--u/k-u'(i/r/ii/ou tchi dodamdu ^iia-ifi-gyenda-
mail. Saiuiiiai>indc'u'iiii i'nhf Imbisikinvuoamin; m-
iw da^h piiptwizi'i.iaintn kinviti \saua 1^(11(1 ndessinoii.
aeoet kasHnidai>zvad sesikaui/>o:fin: miumi^otni-
om>- kitchi mauadad.
i;i.kitchiuhkadad pitr/iiiidi'o ka/x'-iiy/M': l'l'if^'^'"^
ui-iiimizvaii. Auishinabezvissiii ozc nia.s/ini/gan; nin
liissitau'imni: ouozi' das/i miisiiiai)>amni y<'g('f[<fl'-
zviss-n»n; kazfiu n/'i nissitazvuunisiuan. ('tlmk-
zfassin ishkzvcnidaii, kazvhi iizuiia />nid/V aO/ss/ at-
dzi'ezi'ii>aniii>oni>. Pakakyiiamazcishni: A/fi zvi-ata-
-ve \\ci>oueu ^zi'a-aiamau? Shibakzvat iiiii xvi-aiaii
uaic assemi n/n zvi-aiazi'a. Apciiish mijakuyk; uiii
zvi-azvibaba-naudazveudjig c. . \pci:;iih irnmzvaii^
uind inemlam, osam beiii(zvakamioa. M/ssazca m^-
uipoimwakibau. miuotrh dash 11 in da-i(i-viad/a hi-
Ijassizcambaii. Minzvammakibau o;i-mizvan$iuo}riba)i
Haic, jeba vin da-ni-bosimiw. h'ei>o osam ta-saiia-
'i>assiliou kid aiiman, maiio tazveudadou; nni ^i-
ina atazvezL'niini.
It is (l'facult to go to heaven; many will not
enter the kingdom of heaven. That man's death
was very sad; he died being drunk. It is light
here, biit in the other room it is dark. If the
wind is fair, let us embark; let us sail to La
Pointe That work goes well, but John's business
does not go well. It is not pleasant here; it
rains too " often; almost every day it is bad
weather. Is that a good book? What book.-* J he
book thou hadst in thy hands. It is a ve y good
book. I read it every day. Everything good is in
heaven; it is pleasant to be there. Everything
bad and everything sad is in hell. The wind is
cold, it blows from the west. My hands and feet
are very cold, they are ulmost frozen. From
which di.ecti. n does the wind blow i auindi zcen-
liaiiimak? ) or auindi xveudiiig? It blows from the
south. Then it will thaw. What does the word of
(iod say? It says: Thou shalt not steal. \\ is bad
to steal or lie or cheat or ^et drunk or sin a-
jrainst purity i^tchi hishigwadj ijizvebi'siug) When
will that book arrive? It 'vill arrive before one
week is gone. Didst thou receive my letter? Yes.
LESSON LXXTI.
/he ''Second-third Person"' as subject and as
object of verbs of the fourth conjugation.
Note 1. Second Third Person is sometimes, not
often the sutject of verbs of the fourth conjuga
tion, f. i: John o ztabaman bejig ininizvan^ og-vis
san dash o wabamani beJig ikwewan.
Note 2. To obviate this form of expression the
jjassive voice is more generally used, f. i: bejig
ikwe o gi-wabamigon Johnan ogwissini.
Terminations,
Ani
abaui
an id
anipan
assini
assibani
assinig
assini goban
Note 3. The Second third Person is sometimes
the object of a verb, f. i: nin debtuetawa aw inini
gaie nin debwetarviman wiwan, I believe that
man and I believe his wife.
>'
-38f.
i i
'IK
^i
f
^:
t'. •^/
Afinnative i'onii.
Indicative Moaii.
Present tense.
Nin u'iihamimHn ossan, I see his father.
Jti wabamimdin ossan, thou seest his father,
o ziahaman ossini, he sees his father,
nin wabamimSinan ossan, we see his father,
ki wtf^awimawan ossan, you set his lather,
o wabamawan ossini, they see his father.
Negative Form,
lunvin nin wa^awimassin (»55«//, I <U) not ^^^^^^
,, ki wabamimSss:'^ ».
,, o wabamassin ossini
nin wabamimassinan ossan
,, /•/ wabamimassiwan ,,
o wabantassiwawan ossint.
Imperfect tense.
Nin wa^awimabc. in ossan
ki wa^aw/imabanin •,,
o wabamabanin ossini
nin tt/a^awimanabanin ossan
ki wfl^awimawabanin ,,
o wdbamawabanin osstni.
kawin nin waMwimassibanin ossan
„ ki wa^awimassibanin .,
o wabamassibanin ossint
I', nin wabamimassinabanin :.san
ki ■wabamintassiwabanin ,,
o wabamassiwawabanin ossint.
»1
.! ' f J
^yjjwz'Ji -i.Tr^iiisfMiaTLi.'-w'ft'j ....."..: »
."^87
Snhjniirthr Mood.
/Wsnit temc.
h'isfipiii -wa/ui/mmsm, ot>zi^iss(/n, U I seo his smi
„ rfvMr/wimad, ,, ,. thou st-f his smi
,, zvaoamtui oi>zvissiin', ,, he
,, K'(/A«wimanjfi<l, oi>:f/ss(ii/ if wo ,','
■wadamimang, ' ,,
u^did mazvtui, uj» zi'/\sstu /,
1«
,. y(»u .,
,.thev ,,
iuitissiwiitf
assif>
rmassizfiingul
imassiwaiii>'
imassiuri*-
assig-ufti
Plup€rjrct le}iM\
l \ 'abamhnaeibini oi>xfiss(ni.
ivahaviimaaiban " ,.
ivahamapaUy oy whsini
zi'iihamimang idibau og zi-issan
zL'ttbaniimangobau
ivabamimcgohau
'vabamazvapan og zvissini
.1.
- \Jinualive,
IVab
'Hmum ogzi'/saan
xvabamimada
zvabamhnig-
iHiuisizvdg'iban
imassizi'adiban
assigobaii
iinassizi'atigidi/xni
imassizvtingohtin
inuissizvrg'obaii
assigzitihtt)!
Impemtivt Mood,
Xeg'ative.
fyei>o zvabaminiakfn
ogzfissdn
-> , tidfHniih)idSsizt.ddd
» , 'idbduiimdkrg'on
ogzi'issdii
sg;
»»
/'/-■ zvdbamitiMddum ofiidjduhsa}! PL h
i'go zvd-
I X-
bamiimassiwadtwiii onidfdnhsdn
"IN-*'*
lilllH:.
Vi: '
^
d^^^K
,SC
^
f
*rV"^
38H
//. f;auo/ini upapaiau h'e^o ^anouMtn opapanni
sv: iratwuimiuia ,. ifi m fiaiiommassiwaiia „
iranonimiii „ - franonitHtdcMOfi ,.
/v. l.rf«<>w/«/;/r/</«/// onUiiiimssaii PL hrgo ^""O'
uhntissizi'tu/tniifi ouittjanissaii.
(' Mawadishhn ossan A'rji" tHaziaiiissimideii ossan
Sir mauadissimmiii „ sji- m mautuiissimossru(ii/it,,
mauadisshniM- m - ,nauad,S5imakanm ,.
/Y. ma-uadisshuadaniii oiiidjauissau, / A /jfi?*'. "'"
wddissimassizfddafiiji oiudjanissan .
I) Bashan >m onidjauissaii h'ciro bashankomakeu
omdjanissau.
>i.. hashunjeom^da „ ^one only) sg. Kego bash-
anjeoniassiwada onidjanissan ione
bashanieomig onid/anissau Kego bashanjeoma
ire on onidjan/ssan.
/v. bashanjeoniadanin (2 or J children) PI. Kego
biishanjeomassiwadantg onidjanissan
(more than one\
Note. The Second Third Person with an inan-
imate object, as f. i. nin wabandamau/a, nin ki
kendamawa, is almost always changed ijto ;////
wabandamdwan, nin kikendamowan by the Min
nesota Chippewa-.
Affirm. Nin kikdndamdwan endagMiinig- endad
ki
1'
♦ »
H "i
If 1. ^ ■
nin kikendamozc'anan ,, f^
i\ei>. Katvin nin kikindansiwan endag.
f, Kl n »♦
,, O »t , ♦♦
nin kikindansiwdnan „
I ) I know the place, where he lives, (Stops).
Note 1. As seen from the above-givfttl exam
pies, the syllable tm Is :^lways placed bCtveeti
the root of the verb and the ordinary terminations
in the first and second person, singular and »1«
ral.
.. , 'SEES
■.^8'>
Note 2. The nutnlwr makes no difference in
these expressions, f. i: nin zi'ahamimon tuiwissjn
means I see his son, or, his sons.
■I.. ^
LESSON LXXIII.
/rtri>n/tn' zr>6s: iiiiiii /n(/, I <lo, am; /:.u, he says;
Ni'm/ /ji;v I am said.
/mfiru/nr Mood.
Xinii in(i, I do, I am.
kid iud, (di) /no, he is,
nind indimiii, (iiiu diniiii) kid iiidini i ki dim),
dtnviii*:
/unciu iiind indi..si (dissi) kazvin kid iudissi {ki
dissi) ka\. -.1 dissi; kazvin nind iudissimin (dissi-
min), kinviu kid indissini (dissint): ktrwin dissi-
ZVUfi.
Suh/iinctiie mood.
/>ii(iii diiiiii did digid diittnj,* diiric do-cad; di.<-
sizi'iiu dissiwdM disstff dis>'iu'<iuji^ dissi'vri^- dissii;-
XI' a.
Participles,
Endiian, (udiiau, endni icnditrid) cndiitiui^; endi-
it'g, endidjig. /uidissizidni>, endissixrau, etidissii*,
rudissizi'anj^, endissiweg, rndissti'Oii,
Dubitatii e Form .
Jindowanen, I don't know how I am, how I do
etc. endowanen, endogwni, cudoTVdngen, t-udowe^-
xven, endowagweH.
rs-v >SMr^
E
-3«M)—
[ 'cr/)s : /zi'd.
hvil he says (inquit) huihan, izvibaiiig, gi-hva.
Kiichi ginivcn/ nin gad-tnend, hca, I will be
absent a' long time, says he.
The verb niini ind, I sav of him, or to him,
forms its passive irregularh: nind igo, instead of
nind iiiigo, nind /go, I am told, (it is said of me >
A'/V/ ii>v, thou art told Imfemtive
imi, he is told, ///, tell him, (thou)
/////(/ ia^omin, we are told, inig, tell him, (you)
kid igoju, vou are told, inada, let us tell him.
ind-waii, thev are told, inadanig; let us tell
them
Examples: Anin ejinikimni azv kzviivisens? Whiii
is the name of this boy? Jo/in ind. John is his
name.
Apiirhi Oichipzirnw, kid igv. They say of thee
♦ you): He speaks Chippewe well. Keiadi akosi /
ntiban. Thev said he was sick yet.
Anin tukin i>a-ijizvinimind ossibanin? Let see.
what was his 'fathers name? (I forgot) Eshkiba
irikoje S(i gi-ininuin. Flat-Mouth was his name.
Intekmediatk Exekcise.
17/. Conjugation. Dubitative lonn.
Indicative Mood.
Present tense.
/jinikadedo^, it is perhaps called,
/y/w/Xva/rdogenan, they are etc.
Imperfect tense.
Ijinikade^oh-An,
ijin ikadeg oba n in
ssinodog
ssinodogenun
ssinogoban,
ssinogobanin
t:fX^ .V> r.^-i
-391-
Subjunctive Mood,
Present tense
liouima ejtnikadegwen
,, ejtnikadegwen
ssinogobaneu,
ssinogobanen.
ssoiogwen,
ssinogwen.
Pluperfect tense,
Ijinikadegohanen^
ijinikadegobanen
Anin ejinikddegwen iw sibi? Endoawen cji-
nikadegzven; Makate Sibi ijinikadedog ; What
may be the name of that river? I don't know;
l)erhaps it is called Black River.
iVopiniing etedog ki wagakwad; ki makisinun
dash kawin ivedi atessinoaogenan ; thy ax is in
the woods perhaps, but thy shoes, I think, are
not there.
17// Conjugation. Dubitative fonn.
Indicative Mood.
Present tense.
.SenagaAo^o%^ it is perhaps difficult, dear.
5r/«<7^>'^/dodogenan, they are perh. dear, difficult.
ssinodog.,
ssinodogenan.
Imperfect tense.
SanagaCio^ohz.n, it was perhaps dear etc.
Srt//f/^rtdogobanin, they were etc.
ssinogoban.
SSIHO
goba
iniu.
k-...
.Jkt\
TRia?*rsw3BW'
392
Subjunctive Mood.
Present tense.
Gonima senagadogwen, ssinog-urn,
senag-adogyfen. ssi'nogwen.
Pluperfect tense.
Sanag adogohsmen, if it had perhaps been dear,
(inagadogohsinen, if they etc.
ssinogvbanen,
ssinogobanen.
Participles. Present tense.
.Senai^adogyfen, a thing that is perhaps dear,
senagadogwensin, things that were etc.
ssinogwen,
ssinogwenan.
/mperject tense.
.S'f//Ǥv/dogobanen, thing was etc.
>r;/rti^rtdogobanen, things that were.
ssinogobanen,
ssinogobanen.
Note. As the terminations of the IX Conjuga-
tion, dubitative form, are exactly the same as
those of the VIII Conjugation, it is unnecessary
to give them separately here.
LESSON LXXIV.
On Adjectives.
An adjective is a word that expresses a quali-
ty or the manner of being of a noun, f. i: mino
^mm
iisti "■ .at
393
inhii, a gocxl man; paugi joniia, a little money.
Chippewa adjectives undergo no change ot ternii-
nation for expressing gender, number, or case; 1.
i: initio luini, a good man; mi no /Xrrr, a good
woman; viino aki, good land; miuo /^-zc-izrisfnsdj^.
good boys; mif/o ichimamiUy goo<l canoes etc.
Note 1. The Chippewa language is poor in mi-
Jertives proper. Here are some: initio, good; nia-
trfn\ bad; gete, old; os/iki. new; i^zviiiiik, just,
straight, upright, good; kagiiie, eternal, everlast-
ing; kitchitzva, bol}-; nibizva, "much. ])lural many;
piiiijri, a little, plural few; pam^is/ir, a very lit-
tle, etc.
Note 2. The L^hippewa language is zrrv rich
in ad'ective verbs, i. e. verbs which exi)res's qua-
litie- r manner of being in a verbal form, the
verb 10 be, being contained in the adjective-verb
f. i: bakatU, does not mean huunrw but he is
/inngry; akosi does not mean sick,' but /le is siri^-.
Note 3. When we wish to use these adjective
verbs as adjectives to nouns, we must employ the
participal form, f. i: ;//;/ zviau'i'-waiiatna aiakosid
ikzve, I wish to go and see a sick woman; literal-
ly a woman who is sick; ;//;/ gm/-anon(t<> neta-a-
nokidjig tnoi'oddssouininizi'dg, I will employ in-
dustrious carpenters; literaUy carpenters who are
industrious.
Note 4. These adjective-verbs belong t<> differ-
ent conjugations according to their characteristi-
cal termination, for instance:
/ Conjugation.
Xin -udbis/i^is, (/) I am white.
,, tnakatSwis, (i) I am black.
,, takos, it) I am short.
,, gitios, (/) I am tall, slender.
,, mindid, (o) I am large.
--••vi pi
^^mw^wT'TW'
-.^94-
n
*rVj
,, iii>iis/n\ (/) I am small.
,, k'itiindtiis, (/) I am poor, miserable.
., kitchi-dan, (/) I am rich.
,, s<ii>'/iiios, ( /') I am amiable, or, loved.
„ /i'iig<'ini(i(»os, (/) I am hateful, or, hated.
/// ( \)njn^atioH.
Xind ii^odjin, I am hanging-.
,, /nigishin, I am lying down.
,, /n/iws/iii/, I am lying comfortably.
„ nKlfios/ii'n, I am lying uncomfortably.
17/. Coiijusratiou.
Wabishka, it is white,
Higoshka, it is broken.
\\asseu\ it is light, not dark.
M/nosse, it goes well, tits well.
1 7// ( onjugatioii.
/x'/ssinutHugad, it is cold.
Kijatciniiirad^ it is hot very warm-
Manadaci, it is bad.
Kashkendii^zvad, it is sad.
/X Conjugation.
(hvanalchhviin^ it is beautiful.
Song-an, it is .strong.
Onrjishhi, it is good, fair.
iVungtw, it is light, not heavy,
Kosii^wan, it is heavy.
( "omfarhon of adjectives.
As in other languages there are likewise ifl
Chippewa three degrees of comparison, namely,
the positive, comparative, and the superlative de
gree.
3«>5
Note 5. The positive dcpree simply exoresse»t
the quahty of objects f. iAin giiadjln^rhala
tiS I :T "'' '"' hungry.^A comparison of
rr//m///v IS also expressed in the -positive decree,
f '':'P'^'"'"'' <'P'tiS'^ he is as old as thou, he is
of thy age. '
. Sjf ''' '^u^ ^<»f'P^iralive degree expresses that
d being or object possesses a quality in a hitrher
or /^z^r,- degree than another being ^or obiect f
tiaa?r Tr'''''^^fTVr '^^''^-^^ Paul is^ lazier
than I, The word dash/olh-vs the noun compared.
Note 7. The comparative degree of suterioritv
s expressed by the adverbs Lu.Ueh. uLZZ
nni dash, he shouts louder than I.
, Note 8. The comparative d.-gree of inferioritv
IS expressed by the words uawatch pa£[ (lil
not so much; f. i: na^uatch paugi JonifanKd S
.:v/;/ ;/^;/i>^;« pUe/unagv dash ga-iiau'ad, he has
less money now than he had yesterday.
Note ^) "Th^ superlative degree expresses a qua-
lity in the highest or lowest-degree in one ob-
ject as compared with erne or more others f i-
nu aw mamnuxwi-ginosid inini, this is the tallest
^U^'.f ^ K 7^^ ^"Perlative degree is formed by
rh.«^ ^^""'^ ^° adjective verb; mamawi
i^\i^np matamazvi) together, at all, f. i: Maia-
mazv,JshJ>endagosid, Th^ Most High matamZi-
^rim ^'"'^^■"'t'''''''^''''''^''' th- foremost
great Black gown-Pope.
Nin padagwanazva, (ped..7vad) imp. padagwana)
. , , I *^over him with something.
„ padagwanaau, ifed.Mng) I cover it with
. 1 , . something.
„ padagwamugas, (ped.sod) I am covered
. , . ■ ,, with something.
„ padagivauishkagon, {ped,.god) it covers meT
umjmm.
, zT^:
Paiiiiiizvii-iaKh/ikam (peti..ini}>) pakaakxir lnmy/n\
•^ • the hen, bird is hatchinjr.
Pao<inn\ refers to arriving, coming.
Xni puiidmishka, i />ej>:J-(ui) 1 arrive.
,. pairdmh/ikiii-on, i pr^i . .^vif ) it comes upon
' ^ me, happens to me.
,, puPinniis/i, ^pci>..iih I arrive sailing:
„ paadmibato. (pei>...loii) I arrive running.
/\uiai^Tvahoaiiun. Hn. pL ioi) the cover of a ket-
* lit, •
.\7;/ prikissitrhii>in, i paid k.. sod) I am uncovered.
,, pakissiton: ipaiak.Mni) I uncover it; open it.
„ pukissitaimni'a, (puiak..7Viu/) I open, uncover
" ' it, to him.
Pakaozi'iiicna, ipaink..nad) I uncover him.
',', pakaht'a/cuidis, (paiak..soii) I uncover mv-
' '^ • sell.
., nilKvaka nieh..k(ui) I am wise.
KXKKCISK.
BatiinuKvau, i^cgHnuiis.dji^ ^^^^^ J^}^ foolish)
PaKiii-^vdaisiivag dash ticlrwakadjig: .\in zvin, nni
<roiaii 'meuo-anokitazvadjig hijcMamton, kawni
da^h nin saiiuassii> meno-anokitazL'asstgog. .\ni gi-
kadi aeaet, \izvdshimc dash gikadjnmig mnidjams-
,a<'r iiin dash. Azvenen aw maidmaxvi-kikendassod
emiashizvad oirozv oshkinazveg? (Who is the most
learned). Azi' wedi ndhazvid tchi^aUg, mi aw ma, -
dmazvi-kikendassod, John dash ijmikaso. hawin k,
dchzve^si: Michel iiazvdtch ktkendasso John dash,
mi medzve-ikkitoug (so report says). Padagwana
azv aiakosid zvabc-an (cover that sick person with
a blanket.) Mi zva-ijitchigeian; pabige nin gapa-
datizvanazva. hizv pedagzc'dnaondjig wezvem kauuu
/a-likadiissiztag, igizv dash feda^zvanaozvassmnnd-^
ii^ ta-iikadjizma,. Azv ahinodjins kazvin zveurni
padoaii'dnaiaasossi, apegish padagwanaond tchi ia-
.V)7
'i'li^. heeo pakii^zLii\€uakcn mv niakosiii ahiiuniji:
rshkam aa-akosi; niuda-vatch (rather) piida^n'aua
xve-vcui (cover it well.) Auiudi pmia^uaboei^aii?
Xiti ■u'i-pa<ia}>zi'ini(ru'a azc aki'k. Ti'hi ufoj^ eten'coi.
< I don't know where it may be. )
I will uncover my feet; I am very warm.
Bring clean water to" wash my feet. That had
boy uncovers himself when he baths {peiiisoiijin \
I never uncover myself entirely when I bathe; I
always wear my drawers (///;/ hitazviiiihoiiienzias-
son). That man is not good, nor are his wife
and children good. They are very wicked. He is
healthy, but his daughter is sickly. That boy is
always hungry (hakadeshki), he wants always to
eat. Yhat man arrived in a boat last night. Bad
luck comes upon me every time I go to town.
My horse ran away, my wagon got broke, I fell
hard and broke my arm. Friend, perha])s thou
flidst drink too much bad water (whisky) that's
why bad luck (nuissagzcadishviu) man/issczr/// )
cane to thee. Give up drinking and thou shalt
be lucky (ki »(i-/'(rrrN(/(ioos). Eight sailors (;/'/-
bikzvaniwiniutzvojy) arrived sailing. Are thev
good sailors? Yes.
V.
-♦-••
LESSON LXXV.
Cardiitial urnnhns.
1 fi^fiii ini^iii'(d)
2 I/ /J
?> nissw'
4 iiiwhi
■f>^^^
EJll-v'
[h'
■ «c
t
r^
• ^li
n
■»v
■f
■■'^'
i
»i<^
'■<•'
3W
6 ningotwdsszfi
7 nijwasszvi'
8 nishwasswi (isfnvusszvi)
'> jangasswi
10 mtddsszvi
11 midasswi as/ii hejig
12 midasswi ashi nij
,, iitsswi
,, ni-win
,, ndnau
,, ningotivdsm'i
,, nijwasswi
,, nish-wdsswi
,, jdng'aszi'i
13
14 „
15
16
17
18
19 „
20 nijtana
21 ,, «5/// ^^V^"
30 nissiniidana
40 nimidana
50 nmmnidana
f»0 ningotivdsssimidana
70 nijwdssimidana
80 nishwassimidana, ishzvassiniidana
90 jangasstmidana
100 ningotwak
101 ,, a5///' ^^'/i''
200 niJTVdk
300 niss-wdk
400 ni-wdk
500 ndnwdk
f>00 ningotwdsswak
700 nijwasswak
800 nishwdsswak^ ibhzvasszi'iik
900 jdngasswak
1.000 middsswak
1.001 midasswi ashi bejig
2,000 nijing middsswak
3,000 fiissing ,,
4,000 niwing ,,
5,000 ndning ,.
.V>M
f>,(MM) uingoUatc/iitiii ffit'(/tl.<s:i<ii'
7,(KK> uijwatchitw
8,(K)(> uis/izi'atchiui>- ,,
'',<K)(> jaug.itchin^
1(»,0<m"> midatchiti}*
^'•^*^*^* .. it&hi abiiliiio inida^sznd-
12, (MM) ,, ,, fffJi"M'
^•^'^***<' ^. ,, niss/ui^
jo,ooo ni/tami dasso muhlss-cai-
jo,ooo m'ssimidatia,,
40,000 nimidaua ,, ,,
jio,ooo tianimidatia ,, ,,
ioo,o(x) ningotwak,,
200,000 nijwdk
joo,ooo ntsaztxU' ,,
400,000 niwak
j(H),ooo nan-wak „
Note 1. To express 2(MM), etc, thev also sav
nijUmak, nissimidanak, tiimidanaA; muiimidiwtik
Jiini>ohvassnnidafiak etc.
Note 2. In counting from eleven to twenty
they generally omit nitdass-wi ( ten 1 and sav </<//
oejiii\ <is/ii nij, ashi uissixfi etc.
\in mhiohi, {men.,obid) I am gay, feel good.
., , having drank liquor.
,. mawihi, {mewibid) I weep being drunk.
,, bapibi, {baiapibid) I laugh l)cing drunk.
,, banitam^ {benitang) I don't understand well
, .^ ^, what I hear.
,, iHiHitan, (benitang) I don't understand it
/ 'M , well.
,, fmuitawa, (ben..xvad) I don't understand him
... . , well, though I hear him.
,, iHipmenim, {bata..t)iod) I rejoice, am glad.
,, bdpmendam, (^baiap..aug) I rejoice in thtmght
, (interiorly).
,, baptnendamona, {baiap,,nad) I make him re-
joice in thought.
r >.
X
.:^^-
., iHipiiicuinum, i lHiiap..nunui\ I make him re-
joice, make him glad.
/itit>iiiciiiino;iiu, • /w > jov, rejoicing, pleasure,
merriment.
fitipliu'uthiinozciu, u'u ) joyful th<»ughts, interior
jt)y.
EXKKCISK.
/y,7/X' /fi/'"\ X//^/'/ 'vaie$hkal i>ii-hiimuiisid akinj^,
Jitn'd I'll i/iiiikaso(is jtiiiPiissivak ds/ii iiingotwasii
ttanti ash I nijo hilwii gi-himtiiihi. Nin gizvahamag
iiijtaiitt (hisso-inidassu'ak Jimii:>aiiishuf' . Natncuk
,i's/n nissinuuiaiia anishimihay jii-//inniji S(if(asszva-
dhvininf> (to the Indian council) .Uv nuurvis/i
nij o i>'i-niss(iii iniuhvan, ta-omiji-iit^ona liash. A •/-
uimiiUi.mi. Jiina^anhhiifi i^a'-uisaaziuifi; nin^of'utd
t/tis/i ii,i$so'mi(ias$'U'ak ^imakiazi'tiii. Azi' initii mi
iiohi\ /lihr (fiis/i /liss'U'i' ikurzc'dg mtizvihizt'Ofr. ,\in
Ininittik'u mekatezvikzvimiie a^ej^ikziat kazvin m'u
>//ssi'MazvA<s/ ckkitod, ■mm' s/h/skad/ {sasibt'skado'
zcr) (too slightly, not ioud enough) ei^/lo, nifi ha-
nitamazL'ti od aiiamie-gai>ikzi'czviii. Azv mindimoic
enizvek gagihishe^ huniiam i>uie. (.'i-kitchi-migadi
:f(!i>- /agamishag- gtn'e W^mitigojizvug. uijtaua d,is'
$0 midasszvuk gi-nissazvag.
i'C\^2
LKSSON LXXVI
Cardinal iitnnbcn before nouns denoting measur-
menf.
Note 1. The cardinal numbers from one to (en
undergo a little change before nouns signifying
measure of time or of their things and these
nouns always remain in the singular number-
The numerals are changed as follows:
-401-
hejifr is changed into ningo, f. i: uiugobibon, one
"V " ♦♦ '» *'0(*> M f. nijo'dihaiguH
seniha, two yards of silk.
utsswi^, ,, ,. „,sso f. i: nisso-dibabishkodji-
g'lH Jiwitazvagati,
ntwin
,, nto
,, nano
ntngotwasswi, is changed into niugotuasso
ni/wasswi, „ „ „ nijwasso
mshwasswi, „ „ „ niskwasso
langasswt.
miaasswiy
M
" jane as SO
1« mi das so
Note 2. Cardinal numbers from /^« /<? nineteen
when thej precede nouns of time and measure-
ment, are expressed in three ways.
/) Midasso-bibon ashi bejt'g, eleven years
^) •», ,, M ntngo-bibon^^ ' ,,
j) Ashi ningo-bibon.
Note 3. When twenty, thirty, hundred, a
thousand are to be expressed, the word das$o is
plactd between the number and the noun, the
latter remaining always in the singular, e. g.
niitaua dasso-bibon, twenty years
ningotwak dassodibaigan, one hundred bushels.
Nind dshamd {eshamad) I feed him give him to
, , J, , , , ^**» §rive him provisions.
„ dshanddn iesh..dang) I feed it, e. g. my bo-
dy.
,, dshandis {esh..sod) I feed my self.
„ dshange {esh..g€d) I give to eat, I feed, I
keep boarders.
Ashangewiu, feeding, boarding.
Ashangiivigamig {in. pi. on) a hotel, boarding
house.
>-'^
I --^t
'/
H
\L
•-^.
it
X
L .^
•^rV-j
V^ J * '▼-■■■
402
Xin mimia (memuuh I f,nvc him to drink.
„ mimm/hnhi, (;;/n/...//V///A' ) we troat each oth-
Af/miizcr Kmeu.ru'cd) I ^(ivo to arink treat
" Mnahi'cshk inun.Jni) 1 am in the had habit
of treatinJ,^ ^WinK or i.r.>curin«
drink for others.
.,/,■„,„•,//:./« (/«, trcati„,^ K-ir,,.._^..r jm,cunn,
EXKKCISK.
.!././;« «//./;;/ /«/'//, jVniMcrss'uuU' ashi f^^!'^^;!"'
dasso-bihon ^ri-hnnadhi oma .f'''^:J''i,±^
kad knoMon ^/./nendi azc ihvc odamni dash
b^on <n.bhmtdisi Jesus oma akinii: Aauo-dMnh-
koZ^n kokoshnin zvi-ffishpinana, ^n,go.|;ba,rn|-
uan%ushhnina^ nin ^fvuna a-, nun. ^iJ^^f ^^
Lri-auoki azv oshktmmr. Aaznn na ki zvi-mwas^i
^ kel^ma^isid ikzve ni/o-dibaio.j> --"'^-J'^^'f
(cloth) ^Vi;W Nin ga-mnia nisso-ddnnov, mamto-
'vetnu' nisso-dihabishkodjiiian sissibakzuid ^a,f.
' hhn dibhidan (owns^ bcjig ashaugezi'iginuiK)
oJu'issan dash (korge ojibcudamnu bej.^- s^'r-
/r^wio-amiir (saloon). KMii danizvag mal luuciu
icitchi dantssitvafr. Mczvija kitchi damgzvabau. non
oom dash kazvin trzi'dch ojonuamtssizvag (the>
fave not much moSey). Nin manabandan match
-40.V
tunnhvnvin iniie nv match i mimtidiwin. Cccel ui-
/>ru'ci bemiuimdjif, o hunadjii^ouawa is/>ao}^u'u/>o.
Anomaia />r/ii> ttuishinuhc o i>i»/ssiiion i.v//>(7>/«r,/.
oo, u,niio/r/u s/M/Ni^rnv^^^^ f^/.da/i.min/hir,
Ki-diiji.i>:ru>ashk-ivcbt j^uie, aNi-Lnwed diis/i mi J.
,i>iiu'(idjid. Ml aw inini eshuNdanfr niia-u,', -wexveui
bamdon niiaw \we^i>xva, ido^r .ra-minmioztrn
iiiw oshkniaz^cn .s/tkotcwabo? /u%vl!i awiia, win
tflibniau'c (he himself) ^imiuaidiso. Hemy mina-
nvrs/U-i, fubwa jonnan o himadjian minaiwcd.
This man is three years here and his wife is
hve years here. Saw some sticks of wood, I want
t.) make a hre. I cannot saw, for I have no saw,
but I will chop some woml. (iive up drinkine
<Iont go any more to the saloon. That bread is
good and has a good taste {minopoirosi) I will
go in front and thou shalt follow me {ki fra-uo-
pinaj.) That woman talks all day long, she nev-
cr stops; she talks ill of her neighbors, That
woman slipped on the ice and fell on her back
and hurt herself very much. That boy talks too
much. That Frenchman has a long beard.
{iHn.*'azvcdon). There are some fleas in this bed-
1 will not sleep in it. That man is lousy {odiko-
mi) Look at those bed-bugs! ^I don't !we them
That woman should try to make her baby sleep"
It IS sick, has colic and cries very often. "l have
toothache and my son has headache. That man
was twenty-five years in Wisconsin.
rfiv--]
^^^^k^^mk^M^i
,-'' i,'i-
r^fKVŠr. '•■
'< /
i4
j<*
Ki
LESSON LXXVII.
Numerals with peculiar terminations.
1. To indicate days igon) is added to the car-
dinal numbers from one to nineteen, f. i: nijogon
2 days, nissogon, niogon, nanoRon, midasso^on.
To express one day ningo-gijig, ib used. {Nmeo-
togon means one day, one night, 24 hours.
2. To designate wooden vessels, barrels, kegs,
boxes ssasr is added to the numeral f. i: ningotos-
sag mandaminag, one barrel of corn, nijossa.g, nis-
sossag, j'angassossa.g sagaiganan, nine kegs of
nails, «/ossag, wawossag.
3. To designate clothing materials, weg is add-
ed to the numeral f. i: be/igweg wadoian, one
blanket, nijweg waboianun, n/ss-weg, «/weg, «««-
weg.
4. To designate wood or Imnher, watig is add-
ed to the numeral f. i: bej'igvfSitig mishi one
stick of wood, nijwatig missan bidon, bring two
sticks of wood, «/55watig abwin, three paddles,
7//watig ajeboianan, four oars.
5. To designate money, metal, stone, or glass,
wabik is added to the numeral, f. i: d^V^^wabik,
one dollar, wywabik, two dollars, «/55wabik kija-
bikisiganan, three stoves, «a«wabik jigwanabikog,
five grindstones, also abita-wabik, half a dollar.
6. To designate globular objects, potatoes, tur-
nips, bullets etc. minag is added to the numer-
al, f. i: %V}oominag tchiss, one turnip wyominag
opinig, two potatoes, w«5«*minag mishiminag,
three apples.
7. To designate a pair or pairs, wenan is add-
ed to the numeral, f. i: ningotvrewa.n makisinan.
WV^SSKH^
wm
ii,'. :-'^iA»3ism
A'*'i»
a pair of shoes, «/;wewan, two pairs, w/wwewan
py^kiwug, three pair (yoke) of oxen, w/wewan
nhL^"" designate the number rv'-'^.., «r5ar>t5of
objects, w//>{7;/ IS added to th* numera!, ; v. niu-
A^^/oshkin ^/.;,,;^, one bag of .f.toes, «./oshkin,
«/550shkm, wrtwoshkin Jn/s/iimk.'o i'n^ oaes of
apples etc. Ahitoshkin, half a sack (rull;
9. To designate the number of boats, canoes,
z'essels, ona^ is added to the numeral f. i: nin-
^o/onag tchiman nin zvabandan, I see one canoe
^///onag; ;/^55onag tshkote-nabikwanan gi-niboma^a-
don three steamers perished, «/onag, «a;/onag,
w//^«55onag ashi «a«onag tchimanan, 15 canoes.
10. To designate a fathom f, leet the out-
stretched arms of a man, nik is added to the
numeral, f. i ningotomV ni>nn\k, w/55onik, niou a
nanonik, muiassomk biminakzvan, ten fathoms of
cord.
11. To designate measurement by foot, sid (re-
fers to the foot) is added to the numeral, f. i:
ning-otosid, nijosid, -uissosid nanosid, mtdassosu],
ten teet, mtdassosid ashi nanosid, fifteen feet.
12. To designate measurement by the st>an,
wakwoagan is added to the numeral, f. i: ningot-
wakwoagan, one span, «/>wakwoagan, wwwiik-
woagan, wwakwoagan, w/V/«55wakwoagan ashi
wawakwoagan.
13. To designate measurement by the inch
(finger) «/M^/ is added to the numeral; f. i. nm-
gotomnd-i, one inch, «/>bnindj, nissonindj, nio-
nindj, ningotivassonind], midassomnd].
Note. When measurement by round numbers,
1. e. 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 100, 1000 etc. is to be
^^^T'^^ above termination are added to the
word dasso, f. i. nijtana dassogon twenty days,
^i
/ I
^-^1
■^.
'VCJ
K.-^^
5-^:<'
i-c:
iA*_-«i-
l3^'
4,1
406
iiingotwak dassossa^g bimide, a hundred barrels of
oil, nimidana dassv^eg waboiunan, 40 blankets, «//-
wasswu'dana ^f/55watig gi/ikag, 70 cedars, ;«/</rt5S-
w«>t rfa55wabik sapaiganan 1000 nails «///a;/(/
f/ff55wabik $20 nisstmichna dassommdi^ anidjimin-
an, 30 peas. So also ^/asswewan (pairs) t/rtssosh-
kin (bags) r/assonag (canoes etc).
Manddmin {.an, pi. ag) a grain of corn, Plural
corn, Indian corn.
Sae-di's-an (^in. pi an) a nail kitchi s^.gaigan, a
* * big nail, a spike.
Sagatgan, {in. pi. an) an inland lake.
Sigaigan. {in. pi. an) maple-sugar cake.
Waboian, {in. pi. an) a blanket.
Papagiwdian, {in. pi. an) a shirt.
Abxviy {in. pi. n) a paddle.
Ajiboian, {in. pi. an) an oar.
Wassdtchigan {in. pi. an) a window.
Wassitchigandbik, {in. pi. on) window-glass, a
pane of window-glass.
Wassdtchigandtig {in. pi. on) window frame, sash,
* shutter.
Kijdbikisigan {in. ifl. an) a stove.
Jigwandbik {an. pi. og) a grind-stone.
Tchiss {in. pi. an.) a turnip.
An-wi {in. pi. n.) a bullet.
Biminakivan {in. pi. an) a rope.
Adopowin {in. pi. an) a table.
Adopowinigin, {in. pi. on) a table-cloth.
Anidjimin {in. pi. an) a pea, pi. peas.
Miskodissimin (an. pi. ag.) a bean, pi. beans.
Exercise.
Ningwiss gwaiak nimidana dasso-bibon aia omt
odenang. mjtana dasso-dibaigan seniba nin gi-
giskpimma. Songisi aw kitchi inini; wjwak dasso-
407
<{il)(ihi$/ikodJig(i)i (pounds) imokinijii^dn o hiinon-
laii. Xiii pupaiban i^ri; iiitii^vlzi'cik dasso-bibiui
iCi-biniticlisi. XijzLuissiniidinui ii<i:><io-dibdbi<./ikodji-
L^an pak-u'€Jigan iiiii ni-niiiia tizv unishinabe.
Xonoi^on )iin !^/-b//jiossr. /u/ozl'h h/sso^oi/ ka-
zvin wissinissi cnv aiakosi'd ikzvc. M/(/cissoi>oii /.'/-
(i/<i 07)1(1 mekiitczv ikzvanaie., mi dash }>a-iji-madjad.
('Ci:,(i f.'in^o-i>is/ss uiu i^t-inoid (was absent). Wu-
zciiaiiDioii^- nin gad-ija mimnva Jiibiiig; nijo-gisiss
(fash nin gad-ineiid. Xiossag- niandaniinag- nin gd-
gishpinanao; Azc atdzfCzvinini niidassossag- pukzcc-
Jiganan o gi-atdzvcnan. Azv mokoddssozvinini
o zvi-gishpinadon nissossag- sag(tiganan. .Izc kcti-
niagisid inini bcjigzi'Cg eta zvaboian od aian. O g-i-
dihaamazi'dn inizv anokizvininizvan jdng;assimidana
dasszvabik ashi ni/zi'asszi'abik. A nin minik ga-iji-
dibaaniazvad azv ikzve? Xisszcabik /oniia nin g'i-iji-
dibaamazva, Midasszvdbik zL'assctrhigaiidbikoti o gi-
gishpinado)ia>i, gaic nisszca/ig- zvasse^rhig-anafigvn.
He gave that poor man one dollar; do thou
also g-ive him a dollar, and I will give him tiTe
dollars. The good woman gave to her son live
eggs and two nice apples "'- mother received
two blankets and my fatht ivcd a gun and
twent3--tive bullets. Those boards are dry
(bassozi'dg) Hov: many feet is that board long?
It is 15 feet long and 14 inches wide. Bring two
kegs of nails and 500 ft. of lumber (boards.)
Five steamboats perished last November on Lake
Superior. How much does this large stove cost
(anin minik cnagindci*) That stove cost S23. It
is too dear (osani nibizva inagi)idc) I w^ill buy
that small stove. It costs S9. I will pay now S5.
and tomorrow the other S4. Bring three bags of
potatoes, two bags of apples, one bag of peas,
three bags of beans and live panes of window-
glass. There are live pair of shoes and two pair
of stockings.
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LESSON LXXVIII.
Manner of expressing the day of the month.
Names of the months:
Manito-gisiss, the moca of the ^^'^^^^^j^^J^^j!^'
2. Namebini'gishs, the moon of the ^"^""^^^^^^^^^^
?. Onabani-gisiss, the moon of the crust on the
' ^ snow, March.
4. Behokvtedagiming'gisiss, the moon of the
breaking of he snow-shoes. April.
c Wabizoni-pisiss, the moon of the flowers, May,
6. Odetmini-gisiss, the moon of straw-berries,
7. Miskwimini-gisiss, the moon of raspbernes,
8. Min-gisiss, the moon of the blueberries, Au-
gust.
g. Manoniinike-gisiss, the moon of the gathering
^ of wild rice, September,
/o. Binakwigisiss, the moon of the falling of
^ the leaves, October.
//. Gashkadinogisiss, the moon of freezing, No-
^ vember.
12. Mantto-gtsissons, the little moon of the
* (Great) Spirit, December.
Note 1. Gisiss an animate noun (pi. og) may
mean sun or moon. When Chippewa Indians
want to e::press the distinction between these
two luminaries, they will say ^/5/55 for the sun,
and tibikigisiss (night-sun) for the moon.
lokigamisige-gisiss, the month of sugar-making,
for the month of Afril (especially in Minnesota.
^FW""!"
wmmm.
-409-
Note 2. Many Indians use the word PapasUi-
Sfg'e-^isiss, the month of shooting (on account of
the Fourth of July) for the month July. Others
use Mingisiss, the moon of the blue-berries
(huckle-berries) for July, as at the west-end of
Lake Superior they gather blue-berries in July.
The same Indians also call August Munominiice-
^isiss, because they gather their wild-rise in Au-
gust. Many call September, Watehaga-gi'siss, the
moon of the change of color of the leayes. In
more northern latitudes, the above names of the
months July, August and September, as given
by Baraga, are probably more generally used.
Pagan Indians generally 'use /u/c/ii-Afunito-oisiss
January, the moon of the Great Spirit (God)
and l^itchi'ManitogisissoHs December the little
moon of the Great Spirit. Sagibagd-^isiss May
(Used often in Minnesota.)
Note 3. To express the ^rst day of the month
they say f. i: Manito-gisiss nongom madaginso
or Mi nongom {api) manito-gisiss muiadaginsod
or, when past: gi'tshkwadaginsod manito-gisiss.
Note 4. To express the last day of the month,
they say, f. i: Namebini-gisiss nongom ish/czvada-
ginso; or api eshkwadaginsod Namebini-gisiss or,
when past, gi-ishkwadaginsod Naviebini-gisiss.
Note 5. To express simply the name of the
month, f. i: it is March, they will say Onabani-
gisiss nongom agodjin or mi nonpwn egodjiin^
Onabani-gisiss or, when past Onabanigisiss gi-a-
godjing {gi-agodjing Onabani-gisiss.)
Note 6. When they want to know the date of
the month, they say: Anin endassogonagisid gi-
siss nongom? How manj days is the moon old
today? or anin epitch gisissowagak? How late is
the moon? Also Anin epitagodjing gisiss? If it is
the first of the month, the answer will be: Non-
"^
^ *^ OT» ^ I
Ki)$3l
irMmi-^
r ::
^
■^v^.
if ■:*?: '^.1
^'%M-
t..-aav the month ..t March (January) begins to
he omnted. For the following days thev say
Such a month or m(Km is s^) many days old; t i.
•^ third of rebruar\.
Hiiiiassooonuiiisi', it is the
10th of Febr.
mi'iidssoiiouii'i^i c^^" ^'^/'>'-'
it is the nth of Febr.
.. nil tana dassoiiviiaoi\<t, it is
' -^ the ■20th of Febr.
,, as/ii nana II it
is the 25th of Febr.
EXERCISK.
\nin t'nda.<<(>nonaiiis/J zcaazv i^ishs? Xongwn
oijioak madaiihiso/ A7i'encn a-u i(i^is& nonooni
7:'inliinii? Bchokz.'cdaoimino i,ys,ss mi sa nongom
iuun/iinii-. Anm dash cndassogonag-isnl gisiss non-
oom? %uoom nijiana dassooomii>tsi as/ii jangass-
':./ Hehok:^edaoinnng-iihhs Anni afi ^^fj^^^.
svV/ azv ahinodii? Mi ^a nishzvassoKonagtsuUutcH-
Manito -/.s-/>-5. Anhi h.-api oa-ni/wd kossiban? .-
Znid. %n-ndi dash oa-dapincd? Mi sa Moning-
Znekanin^, gi-dapined. lu :^-^l'r''T:r:rfni
ina^ lu 'iosse, nin zvi-anamic-zvidiocndimiu. Amu
hvati dash -tva-ananiic-'X'idiocndiicg? Mi samidas-
.o-oonaaisid ashi niss^vi Manominike-gisiss, mi
),j:ipi %a-7vidiiiendiunio: Ci-sigaandjigaso na azv
anishiuahe? <>'eort /go gi-sigaandjigaso. Anin nvu-
ti oa-sioaanchnvindl Gi-nijtana dassogouagisid
\]arehaira-i>isiss, mi api g-i-sigaiindazvind.
Bv whom was th^^ man killed? He was killed
bv his older brother. When did that bappen.^ He
was killed the day before yesterday, March the
411
17th On what day was the I^ord born? He was
born on the 25th of December. On what day did
your grandfather die? He died on the 11th ol
May. Where was he buried? He was buried in
Odanah. When did that woman get drowned?
She got drowned on the last day of November.
When will she be buried? She w'ill be buried on
the first of December. W Jen did vour uncle leave
He left on the 16th of February.' When will he
return home? He intends to return on the 4th of
July. When did the steamboat perish? It went
down on the 2d of June. Did some of the pas-
sengers {anind ga-bosidjig) save themselves? Yes.
15fi men, women and children saved themselves.
When wilt thou go to Bayfield? I intend to go
there in April? When wilt thou return? I intend
to return in August.
LESSON LXXIX.
Manner of expressing age.
Note 1. If the child is not a month old, its agv
is expressed in the same manner as the d-y of
the month; f. i:
Anin indasso^onagisid azv abinodji? How many
days old is this child? Xanog-onagisi, it is five
days old, midassogonagisi asht jangasszvi^ it is Vs
days old.
Note 2, If the child's age is to be expressed in
months, they say as follows:
Anin endasso-gisisszvagisid azv abinodji? How
many months old is this child? Ningo-gisisswagi-
si, it is one month old; niogisisszvagisi, it is four
months old; midassogisisszoagisi asfii bejig etc.
.f^^)
^^*^^^^J*^m.
I /r.'
>?vi;
.1
Note 3. If its age is fen vairs or less, the car-
idinal numbers connected with the verb bihomt-
^is (/) as follows.
A tun ^nddsso-bibonagisid aw abinodji, aiv kwi-
u'isens, aw ikzvesens? Anin fndasso-bibdna^isuanf
How many years old is this child, this boy, this
girl? How many years old art thou? A7« nijuuis-
^o-bibouiwis; mjziuisso-bibona^isi aw abinodjt, I
am seven years old; that child is seven years
old.
Note 4. If the age is bctzveen ten and nineteen^
it can be expressed in three different ways.
/. Midasso-bibonat^isi as/ii ningotwasso-bibonagisi;
he is 16 years old.
2. Midasso-bibunagisi ashi ningotwasswi\ he is \h
years old.
Ashi ningol-wasso-b/bo nag/si, he is 16 ,, ,,
Note 5. If the age is to be expressed in round
numbers, f. i. 20, 30, 40, 50 etc. the word dasso
is put between the cardinal number, nij/ana, nis-
aimidana etc and the verb bibonagis (i'), f. i.
Xin nijtana dasso-bibdnagis, I am twenty years
old; nanimidana ddsso-hibonagtsi aw mint, that
man is fifty years old.
Note 6. If the age is upwards of twenty years
and expressed in mixed numbers, 23, 35, 42 etc.
it is expressed as follows.
Nin nanhnidanc dasso-bibonagis ashi nisswi, I
am 53 years old, azv ikwe nimidana dasso-bibona-
gisi ashi Jangasswi, she is 49 years old.
EXEKCISE.
Anin indassogonagisid kinidjanissens Nijwassog-
onagisi. Kin dash kinidjaniss anin dndasso-'
iris'isszvagisid? Midasso-gisisszvagisi ashi bejig. hi-
shinw. anin indasso-bibdnagisid? Mi sa jaiangasso-
-4LV
fnhonairisnt. Ann, iSndasso-bihdnanishvad azc o</U/
in:ni gate oshki tkzve zva.anamie'zvidiiieudidiiu^
ISijttnui ash, nano-bihimdi^isi <,zc inini zva-ziidwrd
<izv dush tkzve niftami d<,.sso./,//,d„„^/si ashi nis^zvi.
Au,u cidusso-hihdnagisizvad oj^ozv^tii/ abmodjiian?
A-r omd ndhazvid midasso-mona^isl azv dash zir-
di nemadabtd ashi ntyzi'assob/d,mai>;s/. Azi' tHiki
mino-bibinagisi azv animosh dash ' nazvdtch Uithi
'^^f .^^^f)P'M' ^f"^^t- ^yi<U'\ <"i''n i'ndasso.bihona-
Jitsuait? Gcga n„,gotzvak „i,. das.o-bibo„ai>/s, ;//;/
m,Hd,moUm,sh dash jaugassimidaua dasso-biboua-
gis, ashi nanan.
How old is this infant (oshki abinod/i?) It is
ony three dajs old. Is it baptized? Not yet, it
will be baptized next Sunday by our priest. How
many children are there to" be' baptized'' There
are seven bovs and two girls to be baptized.
VVhere will they be baptized? They will be bap-
tized in our church. Who will be " the sponsors'"
icrwcienag ge-takouadjiir inizv abinodfi'au?) How
old was thy deceased father and mother? My de-
ceased father was sixty seven years old when he
he died, and my mother was fifty nine years old
*-..
LESSON LXX\'.
Marnier of expressing the hour.
The Chippewa language has no special word
tor hour; the word dibaigan means measure and
can be applied to time, space, & other measure-
ment; thus, mngO'dibaigan may mean vue o'clock
one hour, one bushel, one mile etc. From the con-
text of the sentence, in which it occurs, we
must judge in which sense the word is used
i
^*
414-
Ouestion.
Amu <'uii(i.<H)-ilil>ai^aiiei>? What o'clock is it?
\)iin cpitrh irijigtiX-? How late in the day is it?
An in cpitch^ihikak? How late in the night is it?
Answer.
Niniro-dibainan, it is one o'clock or n/iij^O'd/fmi-
•^ leaned.
Hijo-dihaiiiiW two ,, or niJo-dihin)^\iued
iiisso-dil)in\^vn, ,, „tfiree ,, ,, tnsso-dibaii'iincd.
iiio-dihiiioan, „ ,,/<>"'' m m <'''' >''o- ..
ini'diisso-dilhiiinni as/ii ahita, it is half past ten
midassodibui^au us/ii bejig, it is eleven o'clock.
Xihvak-.ve, ninvakzvcmagad, it is noon.
Abita-tihikad, it is midnight. ...
/anPiissodibaiKan tchi b-va miwakzveg, it is nine
• '^ " o'clock in the morning.
Art mashi /uiigcisso-diba/gitiicssiiiuu, it is not vet
•^ 10 o'clock.
Xikvusso dibdwdn oa-ishku'u-.i zcakTirg, it is sev-
■^ ' en o'clock in the evening.
To the above question anin endasso-dibaiganeg?
t4iey will often answer mi sa nougovi ningo-ddnii-
i^anesr, nijo-dibaiganeg, ni'sso dibaiganeg etc.
Note Dibaiganeg is Subjunctive Mood of dibai-
gancd.
ExEKCISE.
Anin (fndasso-dibaiganeg? Niju'asso-dibaigau bzva
nin tra-bi-ajeiriwe. Anin twapi gadagwishini^ aw
bizvide? (stranger)? Gi-nanO'dibaiganMtmg ga-
i^hkzva-nawakwenig. Anin ^ndasso-dibaiganeg ge-
madji-gai^ikwed mekaiezvikwanaic? Midasso-i^dtba
bat"
-415
j^tincui'ii) iiihai^dncdini^ ta tnadjitti, irs/ii m'lii^o t/i-
/>(ii^titiri(int!^ (/(f.s/i ta-iJikzi(ilti. An in I'mltn^so difui/
^iiaut'i>ni>nooni.^ Mi Sd iNi(/((>S(>-i/i/>(iii^tf//'-n a>/ii h,
Jiii- ^y^fijxt iKi ^<> <>iii>/d-(i:L'ii^ (iiiis/i/iii//ir^/ Aniihl
kttrhi kii^ijcb inojao- onishkiniui^, m;iiiizcu dash <i
nnid zvika onis/ikazL'tii^^ iit<./r..-(ii>(t-.{/hiii!^(intiiiiii^.
Mt'ilas^o-dihaii^anc'jr na ko kid ouisZ/ku/ X<t/:i(?s-
so-dih(iii^-(int'ii niofdj^ nind onis/ika. Mad/is/ilu iiti
(fi/>ifii^isiss:f{//// Ad'win //ii(d/i^//k(/ssi: kazviii nin m/-
ikzL'a/nozi'cissi. Xouiioni nin <jiid ikz.'idiioziui. Anin i
1?
ziiipt mzvdkiUinui A'vV/.vv/ Xdidno-di/idiii(incdiin\
nioiddni. Anin izvapi ddsh pen^i</iini(>d.' Xd/z:(il-
S(>-dihdii^dn€i>- pd)i^is/iini<K I\i i/il>iiiiiisi>.<z.-dn ' (>s<i>n
hcsikd, nin dd:di, nin di/xiii^isissz^t/n osiini kijikii.
Xesao-dihdii^dnedini^ i>d-ishkzvd ndzcdkzi.rni^- i;i-ni-
ho /rsf/s. Anin izfdpi <ir-in(fJ/i-t'n<tnu'ssikrn^^ Jai-
a)i!^ds^o-di/>di:iduei:- /d->nd(//i-dnanirssikrni.
\Vh;it time is it? (Anin cnd<i>so-diiHiii»dnc^?
It is five oVIock. Does thy cl<>vk <r<> rig'ht'' It
poes always rijrht. It never" |j;-(»es too fust, nor
does it ever ^o too slow. It iN a verv ^nuxl ^Wk.
How much (lid it cost; It cost live dollars. Wlien
did those men arrive last nij^f-ht? Tliev arrived at
midniirht. When do they intend to leave? They
intend to leave at eleven oVlook het(»re noon.
Why do '''■'• leave so scum? They want to catch
the tra.ii zci-i^cssikazcazi'tin i^hkoU'-oddlnnnin. )
When does the train leave (dnin izcapi nididdjild-
s/>d ishkotc-oddhdn?) It leaves at half past elevin
{ ."fedd^io-dibdiiTdnco a^/ii hc/'io aski dhitd nuidjihi
so.) Art thou goinir to «ret On? I do not inten<l
to g-et on. Art thi)u going- to g-o with them? I
will yro with them, but I will not g-et on the
train. When wilt thou return? At noon.
^^'i
-4\h-
^
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L_r<
LESSON LXXXL
iht distributive Numbers.
heji^ 1 by 1,1 each, or to each.
1/1 2 everytime, 2 each, or to each.
ft
(>
7
8
«)
10
11
lieb
ncnij
nenissivi "S
iieniwin 4
ufiuinan 5
/*r w ingotxvasswi
ucuiiwasswi,
iiciiisAwassTi'if
iejanf(ass7iu\
metniiiassrvi,
memidasswi ashi
nenijtana., 20
Mcnijtiina ashi beji^\
ncnissimidana 30
uenimiduna ^^
nenanimidana 50
ncningotwassiinidanah^
uenijwassimidana ''^
Hcuishwassimidana
jcjangassinuduna
neningotrvak
nenijivak
ncniss-wak
neniwak
uenamvak
jejang asswui
memidasswak
nijing memidasswak 2000, ^
nissing ,» jooo,,
midaiching ,, Joooo^
1»
e^•e^ytime, ♦» each, or to each
,»
»»
ft
ir
t»
»»
»»
vo
80
«J0
100
200
300
400
500
900
7
S
«)
10
11
20
21
30
40
50
f.O
70
SO
•)0
100,,
200,,
300,,
400,,
500,,
900,,
1000,,
2000,,
3000,,
JOOOO^,
M
1»
»»
f»
1»
,»
,»
1»
It
»♦
♦ t
«*
»♦
»♦
1»
»♦
»t
»»
»»
1»
♦ »
1»
»?
»»
»»
»»
♦ ♦
»»
-4r
KxJvKCisi:.
fiii-i' ihirzcaii iwnis^zcuhH: j,>niitin i^/i//7>,/,ini(i-
At'u/zftu uiasinuimiiuni -hI (t/duazcdJK AV/////MV>/:t(//(
>n/[^tist>:i/ii//j/:i<in (soldiers I o,/ o^iiii(ii,tih/t?zfa:.(iii
Di^iKi- oiiiintii^. Atif's/i/Htf/x-n- fm-wn/ayuissin; f>(d:ct
Jt'miinin o(i (lidzvazvaii. .Vfti/'/zn///'^ oiihii\yatuitli^oti
i^i'mtmnviijy kekiiioanKizfindf/'i^- i svlmiars.? .\ />>?//<■-
/<//;• m'liin^ofzvdi- <(.</// nn////o(>/zfiiss/nii(/,/H(i i/d.^.w
(ltha/i>(iii ( acres of land i i, ^/'-ni/N/^oz.-uu kitrlti
lossinuH \\\h/itationi^- ( VVashitiyton ) rhiuulitn. W-
J"'ii' "'" M''-'J'f is/du»ti-t(i.</d/7»o(///i^(if,/)/i., iiii-miu'(hs-
ziuik </({sszi'(i//i;- i/(t/)(i^/sstn^t>ii iiiii iii/x'iin^-. \iu
nissiin' ^aic iienin^-oizral- //(/ssasn/ uii/>(i^/\<S(fi;<in
nin ^iiiiiiiiiotdHKizvtiudu tizt- iuitti. ffi^ozf liiossrzt'l-
)iintzt.'di>- neiiij zvdzcds/ikcshizciDi n i;i /lissdzic/N,
nonidid i;/-i;/(K<srzc(Kf. Xi')i// v/ds/i/(t/'nd>/di/ dzct-
i>/:>/ipiiid(ioii. Xis/ii»ie/dii />f/>r/Vi;- ziizvdkzfdii o <,</-
minioozvdti iiiizv (•ii'iii'odmd^rkzt.tii. .V/s<z.'/ iiinii-
zvdi^ nruiitiiohi'dk c/dsszcd/i/k' jmiiidn <> i^i niiiidzfdti
tuckdlezvikzvdiidicii, -.1'i-zt.idok-duiozvdii diudiiiczri^d-
"''A'- . 4 '•'' iiij f^ctchidduidjii^ iuinizvdo middlrlmm
oncniiddsszvak ddsszvdhik Joiiiidii od didzvdz.'du.
My father and my mother yave each ten jIoU
lars to the priest to help the poor, (live them
each one dollar. The carpenters ask eacli two
kej,'-s of nails. My mother y-ave to each ot those
f^irls two dresses, two shawls and two Ixmnet^
{zi'izvdkz(.ui)uiu)- That man went twice 'nijinjr.
to the store and each time he brouj^ht 12r)(t
pounds of g-oods. (iive to each of those carpen-
ters an ax, a saw, a hatchet, a plane, roo nails.
That boy and his companion cauj^ht each ten
fishes. All that ^o to church to-dav should take
along- one dollar and give it t<> the priest for
the church. Three wolves killed last nig-ht each
five sheep. We received each three books.
Si
K
.J-
I •V'ii, '*l
1 "
F .
l^<
i I
ifh'
-418
LESSON LXXXII.
Multi-plying Numbers.
Abiding {ningoting) once
nijing
nissing
ni-vine ~
- ' five
mining .^
ningoijvdtching ^ix
nijwatching seven
nishivatching UshuHiiching^ eight
twice or two times
three times
four ,,
jdngatching
middtching
midatcJiins, nsnt abiding
nijtana dassing
„ cishi abiding
nissimidana dassimr
nimidana ,,
nanimidana ,»
nin^otwassimidana,,,
n ifwassini idana
nishivassimidana
fangassimidaiia
' ningohvak
nijivak
niidasszvak
V
»»
1 1
If
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
twenty ,
twenty one,,
thirty ,»
forty J
fifty
sixty 11
seventy «,
eighty ,>
ninety »,
one hundred,,
two ,, M
one thousand,.
ȣS muta^s^ak dassing tea thousand times
EXEKCISE.
\nin dassine ga-ijaian kikinoantadin^f Naning
nin7-^ a£ kiiJisensish nijing o g!^gimodman
sJsibaku^adonsan, A'.u inini songanamia, nijing ija
anamiang; endasso-anamiigijigadinig. iVi'ssing- Jes'
US o gidbitchibaan (brought to life) ga-nibouidjin.
Anin dassing ga-anamhissiwan kegi/cbthvagakin
(mornings?) Midaichiug ashi mining ka-vin nin
g'l-aniiini'iissi kigijeb. Aiv matchi inini ni/i'ng b gi-
pakiteowan ■wizvan. Anin dassing ga-viaichi-ikkitod
azv inini? Apitchi kitchi naningim; midasszvak das-
sing, nind inendam, poshke invashime. Anin dass-
ing ga-jaivcnimegiva ketimagisidjig? Enizvek nanin-
gim, makija ningotzvak dassing minik ga-bimadi-
siiCing. Nissing gi-matchi-ikkito aiv inini, aw dash
ikwe mi eta go abiding (only once). Aiv oshkina-
zve nijing {yi-giwasfikw^bi. Anin dassing ga-nish-
kddisiian ishkzvatch ga-ako-webin igeian? Ashi niss-
ing nin gi-nishkddisitazvag ninidjdnissag osam
matchi abinddjiiwiwag .
How often hast thou gone to church? I went
twice to church last Sunday. That man cheated
five times. How often didst thou punish thy chil-
dren? I punished them twice, because they stole
some apples at the store. How often did that mis-
chievous boy fight? Yesterday he fought (gi-mi-
gaso) once, but day before yesterday three times.
How often was he punished by his parents? He
was seldom punished by them. How often did
that man rob? He robbed once and stole three
times. John went to town twice. How often did
thy horse run away? He ran away only once.
%
r
'^
-r<
'^M
-4:0
LESSON LXXXIII.
MnUiplying distributive Numbers.
Aidbiding once every time; once each, or to each
nenljing 2 ,,
nenissing j times every time
neniwing 4.
>»
»»
neiiihiing 5
«^;; /' «^ otivdtch ing 6
nenij-watchin^ 7
nenishTvdtching 8
jejdn^atching g ,,
memidatching 10 ,,
rt5/»* abiding 1 1 ^^
„ m^Vm^ /2 ,,
,, nissing 13 ,,
,, niivtng 14. ,,
,, mining /5 ,,
«^w ijtana dassing 20 , ,
,, «5^/ abiding2i ,,
nenissimidana dassingjo ,,
»♦
»»
nenitnidana
jejangassimidana ,,
neningotwak ,,
nenijwak ,,
nenisswak
»»
90,,
/oo„
200,,
Exercise.
»»
»»
»>
»»
»«
>•
»»
»»
»>
»»
>♦
»»
• >
»»
t»
»»
»»
»»
ft
»»
1»
»»
»»
»♦
•f
»»
«>
»♦
»1
»♦
f »
»»
»»
If
AiJ ininiwag ketima^isidjig aiabiding nin gi-ja-
wentmag. Niss-wi inintwan o ^i-anokitaivan^ nenij-
ing dash anotch gego o gt-gimodiman. Ge^et ma-
tcTii kwiwisensish waaw, nenissing o p-papaki-
teowan widji k-wiwisensan. Nin gi-mtnag igiw
nij ihvewag aiakosidjig nenissing hejigzvabik:
7*yrm^
-«1^1
t !■
421
(ipcgish awiia bekanhid (some one else) iw ininik
minad. Nij ningwissag nenijing gi-ijazvag odenang.
Ipw ikwcsensishag nenaning gi-gtmodi'wag. iXetii-
/m^ nind ija anamiang cndasso-anamiegijigak.
^\ijing ^i-bi-nnndoUtmdgewag ogow anishinabck-
zveg, iiiahiding dash nin gi-viinag oi>odass guie
papagt-waian gate pakwcjigan. Songanamia aw
tkzve; nenifnig od a^iman anamiemineimm endas-
frgijigadinig, nenijin^ gate webinige megwa eni-
hnntssegin anamicgijigad. Nij masinaiganan nind
<nunan, nentssing dash Jaigwa nin ^i-wabanddnan.
Aenijing o gi-pakitcozvan oshimeian aw kwiwisen-
sish. Mcmidatching ashi nij'ing o gi-odapinan Ki-
ichi Jawendagosizvin neningo-bibon aw inini.
I helped those three beggars {nandotanmgczvi-
niniwag-nandoiama^ekzveg) each twice; I will not
help them an;^ more; let them go to some one
else. John paid the storekeeper twice and each
time he paid him twenty five dollars. Mj two
daughters were each married three times, and
now they have no husband (kawin onabemissi-
-^ag). Those young ladies went each to the
dance twice last week. Those children laughed
each twice this morning during Mass. My two
older brothers went bathing each three ' times
yesterday. I pray every day twice and I go to
Mass once. Every time he gets drunk he fights
once or twice. Whenever they go to town they
each buy a bottle of whisky and drink five and
six times. Every day those men chop wood and
twice they split wood.
-M
-.*' a
-422
LESSON LXXXIV.
Ordinal numbers.
Netibnissing, nitam the first or first
eko-nijin^
,, nissing
„ nizving
,, naiamng
,, r.: gotivatching
,, nijzvatchin^
„ nishwatching
,, jangatching
,, midatching
ashi hejig
„ second or secondly
., third ,, thirdly
fourth „ fourthly
fifth „ fifthly
six ,, sixthly
,, seventh ,, seventhly
„ eighth „ eighthly
nissing
?»
,, ninethly
tenthly
nijtanaweg
nineth
tenth
,, eleventh,, eleventhly
„ twelvth ,, twelvthly
,, thirteenth,, thirteenthly
...^.^ ,,twentieth„twentiethly
„ ashi hejig ,, twenty- first or twenty-first-
„ „ niiing „ twenty-second or twenty-
' ' -^ secondly.
,, nissimiumaweg „ thirtieth or thirtiethly
„ nimidanaweg fortieth or fortiethly
nanimidanaweg ,, fiftieth or fiftiethly.
nins-otwakzvak „ hundredth or hundredthly.
• ' ' „ two hundredth or two-
hundredthly.
„ three hundredth or three
hundredthly
„ nine hundredth or nine
hundredthly.
,, one thousandth or one
thousandthly
nijinp- midasswak,, two thousandth or two
•^ * thousandthly
>,
»,
nijwakzvak
nisszvaktvak
» ' Jangasswakzvak
midasswakwak
»»
i-^1
423
cko-nhsiiig mhiasswak three thousandth or three
thousandthlv
,, inidatching^^ ,, ten thousandth or ten
thousandthlv.
,, ningotxvakzvak^^ the one hundredth or one
hundredthly.
Exercise.
Nitihn anhhinabe^ o gidoonzvctazi'dzi'iiti (diso-
bey) Kije-Manilon. Kain ga-nitamuudadisid oma
aking o ginissdn oshimeidn Ahelin. (Hi-nitamon-
dadisidjig gi-pagidjigeivag (offered sacrifice). .1;;.
iudi ningzviss? Inasfiki (behold) zcedi namadahi
uetamisshi^ apdhivinan Kitchi gatuisoiigezi'in cko
nizving Kije-Manito o ganasougcivinan. Eko-tihigo-
tzvaMiing Kije-Manito o ganasoiigewinan iriuaamu-
gemag ad (iorhids) bishigzvadisizi'in (adultery.) An
indi endaian? Eko-midatching zvakaiganan oden-
aug, mi ima endaian. Nitani nin gad-ija anamie-
xuiganiigong, eko-nijing nin gad-ijanan mekate-wik-
zvanaie, eko-nissing nin ga-wahama bejig inini ai-
akosid. Bidon cko-nijing masinaii^anan adopozvin-
ing eiegin. Anin ged-ijitchiged koss? Nitam o
gad-madjibiamawan nisjaieian, eko-nijing ta-ija-en-
daji-atanding (market piace. ) Izv wigiwam nihi-
missin endassing ivigizvaman oma odenamc ''^'
dash wedi eteg ishkzvessin (that wigwam is the
first of all the wigwams in town, but that one
is the last.) AzveneM eko-nijing gedaji-nagamod
anamie-wigamigong? Mi sa kigzviss eko-nijing ge-
nagamod^ azv dash nagamozvinini nii>an ta-naga-
7no,
Who came first to school this morning? Marv
came first, Sarah came second and I came third.
Who will go out (sagaam) first? Thou wilt go
out first, John next and Paul the last (/5//-
kzvatrh). What does the third commandment iga'
t^B'M. \mL-?'s^jm,'mfi^^sms^š^t^ '^ta^iBm^'^^xs'
424
nasoniiCtviiKiii?) command? (7vei>o}icn cii-aniizvaini-
uiigotin eko-nissiiii^ giinaso)ii>e-u'iuaii? ) It commands
us to keep holy ' Ic/ii imi)iadJitoi\uii>) the Sundays
and holydays. What does it forbid? {zvi\i>oncn
eii-i>cnaam(ii>oni>' hv miuasom^czviu?) The third
commandment of (iod forbids us to work on
Sundays and holydays. Who will say the first
Mass tomorrow. F. John will say the first Mass
and Fr. Paul will say the second Mass and
preach.
■^
>"
LESSON LXXXV.
Xiimenil verbs J or animate noicns.
Xiii beji^, ki bejigy bc/igo, I am one, or alone,
thou art one, he, she is one.
,, nijimin, X-/ ntji'm, ni/ncaif, we are /wo of us,
you are two, they are two.
nissimin, ii nissiin, nissiwag, we are three of
us etc.
niwimin we ^x^ four of us etc.
nananimin, we are jive of us etc.
ningotwatchimin, we are six of us etc.
nijwatchimin, we are seven of us „
nishwatchimin, we are eight of us ,,
,, janofatchimin, we are nine ,, ,, ,,
,, midatchimin, or midadatchimin^ we are ten
,, ,, ashi be jig we are eleven
,, ,, ashi nij ,, ,, tzvelve
,, nijtanawemin, we are tzventy
,, ,, ashi bejigy we are twenty-one,
„ nissimidanawemin, we are thirty,
,, nimidanawemin, we are forty
,, ningotwakosimin, we are one hundred of us
ashi bejig, we are one hundred and one
n
n
i->
5»
ashi midasswi ashi nanan, we are 115
mtmmmmm
^/n nijwakosimin, we are two hundred
,, midasswakosimin, we are one thousand
Maning nin midasswakosimin, we are five thou-
Midatchinjr ashi nissinj^ „{„ midasswakosimin'.
we are thirteen thousand.
Note 1 All the animate numeral verbs belong
to the first conjugation and are ccmjugated
throjrhout all tenses and moods, affirmative and
negative form, in the />/ani/, except fiey/^- one.
Note 2. These verbs are sometimes employed
-rJA "'"^"^^5' /• »• "'■^-•'^/^ he is three. ;!/„.«/-
war/u he IS six there are 5/.v /,/ the famih, man
wife and four children or if a widow, she and
her five children.
ExKKCISK.
^Jjnvu^ vissaiciaii- nananhvag dash nis/iimciap
tlcjiiro eta uinidjanhs, nhvhvao dash kiuidiamš-
sai^. Aanaiiihantg n/nid/an/ssag\ niss-ci dash' ni-ui-
wlnnvag mt dash nouirom nijnvad eta. N^<h,n
midasszvak dasso-midasszi'akosizi'a^ Neu< Tork ki
trhi odenaufi endanakidjii>. Kazvin i>amwe pi-mi-
dadatchissnvaiir meuo-iihvehisidjiir ima Sodonia eii-
nikadeg-odenang: (^ega midashiak irf-dasso-midd^s-
zyakosiwag Jerusalemiug ga-daphred/io; ai.(>anad-
jitouiT nv kuchi odena. Gi-midatehhvan ashi nij
jesiis a kikinoamaganan. Midatchiwau; ninidjanis-
satr kinidjanissag dash kazvin i>anage nanauissi.
iviw. Ozi' a gi-inan Kije-Mamto Abraha,..au:
kishpin midadatchnvad vieno-i/hvcbisidjig- odenane-
^bodoma, kazvin nin oa.f,anddjitossin odcna. Rina-
-va ki ning-otwatchini, ninazvind dash nin jibwa-
tchmim, win dash Jesus od inazvemaganan kawin
midadatchisstzvan ashi nizvin. Anin endashiwad ke-
kinoamazvmdjig oma kikinoama^ewigamig-on^f
Jangassimidanazvezvag ashi nisszvi. ' Amn endashi-
wad endaieg? Nin jangatcimnin. Anin endashiwad
•-r j 1»
anamiewigamigong enamiadjig? J^tiwakosmag a-
shi nhsimidana ashi nii. Afifatchtmr ashi nanwg
midasswakosiwag kaktnu Otchif-veg '^"^"^/{{^"'^^,
Otawas dash niiving mtdasswakosiwag. Ktshftn
midatSiinigohan John o9wissan nawatch nihma
aki ntn da-giminhnan (I would hav-e given them
more land). Non^om ga-bi-ijadjig ktktnoamading
kawin gi'de-nanimidanawesstwag.
How many children hast thou? (.4«/« endashi-
wad kinidjanissag?) I have five boys and three
girls (lit. my boys are five and my girls are
three.) How many children has thy sister? She
has only two, one boy and one girl. That wom-
has many children, fifteen. How many Indians
are there in Ashland? I do not know. There are
perhaps twenty-five. How many were killed in
the battle? There were 742 killed and 12^0
wounded. How many kettles hast thou? I have
two large kettles and three small ones. How ma-
ny of your children go to school? Of my chil-
dren seven go to school and nine of those two
women. Ho^ many sons hast thou? I ^ave three
sons and two daughters. How many died of the
measles in thy town last winter? Twenty five
died.
LESSON LXXXVI.
Numeral Verbs for inanimate nouns.
Bejigzvan, f. i: adofowin there is one i.'^m^.^iA^
-,*
***v'
n
f 1
n
1»
iiananinon,
niugotwatchinon
nijzvatchinon
Jiishzvatchinon
jTinuatchmou
miaddatfhinon
f> ashi bejig
nijtanazvewan
nissimiiiamizvezi'iiu
nimiiiaiutwezi'iin ,,
nanhnidimawezvcm ,,
ningotzvassimidauawezvan,,
nijwasshnidanazvezvan
niiihzvasshnidanazvezvan
jangassimidanazvezL'an
niugotzvakwadon
nijzvakzvadon
■nisszvakzvadon
nizvakzvadon
nanzvakzvadon
n ing otzvasszvakzvadon
nijzvasszvakzvadon
V ishzvasszvakzvadon
jangasszvakwadon
in idasszvokzvadon
middtching ,,
Note 1. The numeral verbs with inanimate
■nouns from one to nineteen belong- to the ninth
•conjugation.
Note 2. From tzoentv to ninefv they are conju-
Srated according- to the 5«r«//rconjugation,
there are two things
,, three ,,
M four ,,
M five ,,
M six
,., seven „
., eig-ht
M nine
,, ten
,, eleven ,,
,, twelve ,,
,, twenty ,,
,, twenty-one,.
,, thirty'
,-. forty
„ fiftj-
1. sixty
V seventy
t, eig-ljty"
,, ninety ,,
,, a hundred ,,
t, ,, ,, and (me,,
M two hundred ,,
,, three
,, four
o five
„ six
,, seven
eig-ht
nine
one thousand „
ten
M
1»
,1
,1
» »
m
71.
"^% 11
^*s\
,"'-
J
W
"kl
?
'<
Note 3. Verbs expressing hundreds and //w«-
A(/W(/.s f. i: ninjrohviii^vadou, midasswakwudoHy
belong to the ci^^hth con/n^aliou.
Note 4. All numeral verbs with inanimate
nouns are unipersonaly that is, they are used on-
ly in the third person and all are phtral, except
f)ejii>7Vtin, there is one thing.
EXEKCISK.
Midadatchiuon nin masinaigamin ashi nanan.
Xizvinon zvakaigamin onta odemnveusm^, bcji^wan
dash uiiamieu'igamiiy. Midutching midasswakiva-
don iissini-wiikaiganan kitchi odetfung St. Louis.
Anin .mdassinjy upddiwinah endatcg? Aij/anawe-
zvan ashi nineotwasswi, Jangatchinon gate adofo-
zvinan. Aniii endassing ki matchi dodamozvinani
Rcjigzvan eta nin matchi dodaniowin, ningotwak-
wadon dash nin mino dodamoxvinan. Amn endass-
ininig- kissaie o wtwakwanan? Nissininm'an o wi-
wakzvanan.
How many tables have you? -(i. e. how many
are your tables?) We have four tables (i e. our
tables are four) How many books hast thouj 1
have six books. How many eggs has thy mother."
She has twenty six eggs. There are twelve can-
dlesticks on the altar.
LESSON LXXXVII.
Preposition'^
Tchi^aii, tchig, near, close by.
Giwitaii, round, around.
Pindjaih pindh in* within.
Kayy during, throughout.
42«)
J^egwa, during.
M^^ :to„T''' '"''^*' '^^"^^"' *^-"^^-
r^'^'^!'"":. ^g'tch. on. up<,„.
Vf'i'"^"'/, on, up.
Ajawaii, behind.
^d^w|^-n^^rid-r^^^ -^
/r^/4^//,^, near a piece of wood.
tcht^tkana, near the road, trail;
ich,vshkwand. near the door;
/r>^/^M,^, near the water, on the beach-
Pndj anamuwigamig, inside the church-
pimfjisse. he slides or falls in- ^""'^'*'-
pindige, he enters;
Amvnaddpowin, under the table-
andmakamig, under fhe ground-'
<nnainaubik, under the rock;
nagidadjiTV, on the mountain;
-wagidwamig, on the house, roof.
Tvagidibig; on the water.
»/>{-^erc/^«^ ,;« he goes to the bay (AshTHml).
Exercise.
::^^?^^^ ^'^^^^ •^s.^i;£
woman is angry in her heart). AmhnJkamnr,^'
ichgamtg ntn ga-bhnishka. Pindona^ ZZiabi
Jtg nm guhttchi-an^L Kahi-tibik ntn %'bl ofsc
4lh V' '':0
hm
..<
v-^
P^
in
s
:/-:
.w?-^
-;%
•^ //-^/VimV <he was broi.'Vt p;> amont> the
^■L/V//5a (he hides himself I hi .. fje h<.use )
sittin^r behind thee?) hnlii^.n o^,r-r ^oJJe ,. _ .
oe.jini'enUa^osilan ka^i'mfr. .(o,r,n. *. '.^^'J'
nin wi-ijit siii-ufcniii- (next snn .^. '
win. , , • u.,«
I see a poor won^an near the doer; she is hun-
.rrv brifltf her 1' ^phidi^a) and |?ive her to eat.
Whtt is m tVi>^ ba^? There are potatoes and on-
l'r\n"tie bH,. /here is matter ^^nnnj. ^y^
ears. Where dost thou come from? I come from
Washington {W\ishtanong nmd ond,iba). We
vvasningui V a pointe and call
come from tne iieia. vti» w ^ hpa.-h
for the priest. Three boys play on the beach.
Thy dog (>t/V/«/) i^ under the table. He started
from VAnse and went to Bayfield.
LESSON LXXXVIII.
Adverbs.
WexvenU well, rightljr.
Mamanj, badly, negligently.
Beka, slowly, softly.
Bhan, still, quietly.
Nalgatch, slowly, softly.
Agaiva, scarcely, hardly.
^W^
«1
.^.A
431
Tebmak, badly, ne^'Ii>ently.
>>esika, I'csila, suddenly.
('^ga, almost, about.
Afein(mliii>e, especially, very.
Hfnisika, of himself, 'spontaniously.
;1T/ ' ^"^*^-^' "I"''^htly, straight.
Apitchi extremely, cjuite, most.
Awandjjs/i, purp,^sely. notwithstandinir.
.\a^atch, wrongly, not in the right onier
vrT"/' '?'"^^'' *" ''^'"' f"'- nothing.
in!^' ;//m^5//X:.e/A l>y turns, alternately,
Aninf how/ what?
yW^ouen? what?
Ants/ni'iH, why?
Anindi? where?
Aninruapi? when?
-1«/« dassing? how often?
.4«/« minik^t how much?
Anlngzvana, certainly, to be sure.
('Cgct, truly, verily, yes, indeed.
A, yes, kau'tn, no, not.
KawHsa, no, sir; it wont do.
haw in xvika, ka wika, never.
haw in gego, nothing.
hawin awiia, nobody, no one.
Kawin ningotchi, nowhere.
Kawin mashl, not yet.
Kawin gzvetch, not much.
Kawin ganagi, not even, {hit. ne auidan)
Kego, don't.
Oma, here, ima, there, in.
Wediy awedi, izvidi, there.
Mhnamin, here and there.
Mamaminissin here and there.
Daji, in.
Pindi^, in, within.
Pindjaii, inside.
Agwatching, outdoors, outside.
Agaming, on the other shore.
'A
!)f!
mm
y.
43:
Auainins^y on the beach. ^ . ^ . ^^
Oudassagam, on this side of a ake nver.
Azvassagdm, on the other side (of a lake, ruer.)
Etavjagcim, on both sides ,,1» »» "
OoidiikL ivas^idakiy on a hi 11.
A&A dow^n hill, at the foot of a h^^ - moun-
Agamadaki, across the river, on the hill.
Wassd, far, far off.
Besho, near, nearly. . ^ ,-i „ ^\^\\^r
libishko, opposite, over against like, Mmilar.
Niminaweaii. from the shore into the lake.
NmQ,otchi, somewhere.
Ishpiming, up, upstairs, on high.
Tabashisli, down, below, low.
Tabashish nakakeia, downward.
Jshkwiidng nakakeia, backward.
Gi/iifong vakakeia, heavenward.
Ningoting, once.
Nakaw6, first.
Mashi uangi, not yet.
ATegwa ojibiige, he is writing.
Waiba, soon.
Binis/i, till, until.
^/•«/5/i owzrt, till here.
^/;»5A yV/oM/V/wiT. till Montreal.
Noneom, now; ;/ow^v?wi ^'//'^'^'A', today.
yla;r7l5:tv73rtw^, day after tomorrow.
/eba, this morning.
Gigapt, finally, at last.
Piwige, immediately.
Jaigvja, already.
Api^ when.
Naningotinong, sometimes.
Mo jag, always.
Ivfapi. then, at that time.
Nitdm, first.
Kdginig, always.
wmm
Noudy before the end, rather
Acjidin, kejidine kekejidine, (,uick soon, ininiccli-
Xlpin, foremost, ahead. '^^^U.
hhhveiang; behind, back.
hhpiming nakakehi, upward.
I\ii>(in nakakeia, forward.
/Cndaidn nakakeia, homeward, (my).
Amlmakamiir nukakeia, hell ward "
Panimu (puma) afterwards, not" before
l:>'u;a, bzva nuis/ii, before.
Mci^zva, during-, when, while.
Meg-zva nagumo, he is singing-.
^yjka, late, zrazcika, seldom.
Aitchi azi'dssandgo, three days ago.
Azudssondgo, day before yesterday
Pitchinago, yesterday.
Wabaug^ tomorrow.
Kitchi azvasszi'abang\ after three davs.
Menzvija, {mczvija), a lontr time ag' .^
f's/ikat, ^t first, in the'beg-inning!
"/'/^ .., ... ...
IVezvib, quick, immediately.
A'ija, in advance before hand.
Ciaid/, formerly, heretofore.
JVan/n^ im , often .
Nonuiia, recently, lately.
Anzvakam, often, seyerkl times.
A'eidbi, yet.
Apind, continually, always, eyer since.
A'ag-/g-(fkatnig\ eternally. "
Dassifig, every time, as often as.
Pitchinag, only now, soon, by and by.
Conima, ganabatch, perhajis.
Namdndj\ I don't know what
Nihizva, much. '
Pangi, little, a little.
Nenihizva, much. each.
Pangishe, very little.
already.
•-'..
i
«!iiiii
434
Kakiua^ all.
Xiizviitch, more, a little, some.
/jitkau, ditferentl}', otherwise.
Xiizvdtrh piois^i, less.
.]//' minor, certainly, yes.
.!;//>// /uafii>e, surely, yes.
Mitkija, perhaps, may be.
Xamaudj ido^, I don't know.
I\i}ii*i nati!>i\ much.
Xihtzva nuuoc, a little.
I'cpanoi, little each, a little every time, jrradual-
ly.
.Xzi'iishinic, more.
/::- ini)iik\ so much, as much as.
XcizvcUrh nihizva, more.
I\)uiui>c ka, ves, not no.
KdnazvanaaomU first word of an answer j^iven to
an unecessarv question, in En^dish: why, I told
you that; etc.
Bakihi ijizvchisi cko-amimiad (he behaves differ-
enly since he became a Christian.) Atvaslumc a-
piteudaozvad iiiino iiizuehisizviii, danizvin dash. At
miniii \nv masinaigan; fepauoi dash zuahaudan cJi-
du^^o-iyi/iiiak, hinish kakina gi-zvahandaman. Pe-
panoi' h/hi, prpatig/ i>aie zc/ssiiii- Neiuhnva (much)
a)iamia eudasso-gijigadiiii'o. Xibnua iiin himossc
kahe-hihon. Xamandj ged-ikkitozvagzfen. (I don t
know what they will say). X/ssatchizcan {nissad-
/izi-ai/) niiid ija\ gonima dash i 'sso-o/siss ntn gvd-
inend. Jeba ii/'n gi-/fi-Q(im)n/g: Mojag- run zvi-ana-
mia binish tchi niboian. Mashi nange gego o ki-
kcndan (he knows nothiuff yet.) Nakawe pisind.t-
zrishin, panima ki gad-ikkit zva-ikkitoian. A ingot-
ino- azv inini nin kitchi miuo dodagoban. Osani
tdinishish nt'n namadab, (I am sitting too low).
-43:
LESSON LXXXIX.
Conjunrtio)n.
f.\ii(', and, both, also; often placed a/ier the
word that is connected bv it f. i: H-oss k/'ini
gdic, thy father and thv nu.ther.
A/ 1 -vcndji, mi ^iiu-ondji, mi oai.oudJ/\ or, mi ur-
.. , , oudji therefore,
o'/, because, for.
Dash, but, and; this conjunction is very much
used to express oppositon in ideas or ways.
'Irhi with a neg-atiye yerb can be translated by
, . , .. lest, that not.
Iji- yji-) as, as.. as, as.. so.
Ashi, this conjunction is used only \yith numer-
. ^^^' ^* ^" ^""^^"s^'^'i osfii hisszvi, thirteen.
/c/ii, tchi zvi- ta- that, in order that: these con-
junctions are often omitted, being- understood.
hishpin, if, provided ; this conjunction is often
,,. ,^, , ommitted.
Mtsscnvii, althoujli.
ironima, kema gaic, or, either or.
lunviii . .kazvin, neither, nor.
Minotch, but still, yet.
Antnvi, ano, but althoug-h.
EXEKCISK,
Anishinahcir kitima<^isizvag\ amnvi dash miuzvcu-
damog. Kishpin anzveuimh'sossizfeg, kali- in a hi <>a-
banadjiidisom. Missazva matchi igoiau, kazvin azviia
II in zi'i-matchi-inassi. Alogon oonima nanoovn
nin o-ad-hund. Xibizca joniia ^v' gashkia, dsdm
dash kid atag;<', mi dash izv gego zvendji-danissi
zvan. Kij^'Manito o gi-ojian niidni ininizian tchi a-
pitchi mine aianid, zvin dash gi-kitimai>;iidiso. Bejitr
%i\
;ft'!3'/.i«^3EBf -nod'^sais^.
■aia'
•i-v]
-430
nijiic^ (one of you two) o gi-himamon oma nin
masinaigan, kema kin, kemu kishhne. Kitchi nisk-
adad, kissina gate, mi notch hi-ijinvag. Debenimii-
an apegish Hi-sagiiniin eji-sagiiiau.' (Lord I wish
to love thee, as Ihou Id vest me!)
#t
IV
■^
■4'
■ -Si
\K.
V
l^^
■'\\
LESSON XC.
Principal rules o/ Chippezva Syntax.
Rule 1. The first six conjugations require an
animate noun or pronoun as subject of the "erb,
f. i. John madja, John departs; inini o wahandan
masinaigan.
Rule 2. Verbs of the three last conjugations,
called also Unipersonal Verbs, require an inani-
mate noun or pronoun as subject, f. i: zvabaug ta-
madjamagad ki madjibiigan, thy letter will leave
tomorrow; ta-nadjigade ki makak thy box will be
fetched. Impersonal verbs have no particular
subject, f. i: gimiwan, it rains; madjipo^ it begins
to snow.
Rule 3. The first three conjugatioiis, contain-
ing intransitive verbs, have no object, f. i: nin
bap, I laugh; ikwe mawi, the woman weeps.
However, the pronouns oiv, iiv are often used
with some verbs of this class, f. i: ow nind ikkit
this I say; katvin nin gi-ijitchigessi iw, I did not
do that.
Rule 4. When the obiect is animate, a verb of
the fourth or fifth conjugation must be used, f.
i: nind anizva fakwejigan, I eat bread; ki migi-
ivenag mishiminag, thou givest apples.
Rule 5. When the object is inanimate^ a verb
m,^-:^
4.^7
of the sixth conjugation must be used, f. i. nin
ninijin zviiuss; iiin viig-iivcnan >nasiiiai^aihni.
Rule (.. A verb must agree with its snbjerl in
number and person, f. i. ;//;/ Iws, I embark; /•/
uagamom, jou sing; bincshiiup; bi'mis^c-uan; the
birds fly. "^^
Rule 7. Transitive verbs must agree with their
object in number, f. i. ;//;/ zvabaudan masiiiaii'an,
I see a book; nin zi'ubundanan rnds/aa/i^a/uui, I
see books; ///« suo/a ninitf/'aniss; nin sapuio ni-
nidjdnissag. " '"^
Exception. Endazvad (participle) is most com-
monly used with a noun of the singular number,
t. i: John endazvad nin i>ad-i/a, I will go to
John's place.
Rule 8. Sometimes an individual is used collec-
tively for a whole natitm, f. i: Jairanash nibizva
o dibcndan aki, the English possess much land.
In such cases the verb is in the singular.
Rule 9. Two or more subjects, taken separately
require a verb in the singular number, f. i: noss
gonima ninga la-i/'a, my father or my mother
will go.
Rule 10. When two nouns come together deno-
ting the possessor and the thing possessed, the
pronoun o or od (his, her, its, their) is placed
between them; generally the possessor comes
first, then o or od and lastly the thing possessed
f. i: John o masinaigan, John's book; Kije-M^ani-
to o g-anasong-ezvin, (^od's commandment.
Rule 11. When two nouns come together not
denoting possession, but rather indicating some
quality or office, they are placed one after the
other with a hyphen between them, f. i: giiro-
himidc, fish-oil; nabikzrdn-ogima, ship-captain."
Rule 12. Sometimes such nouns are joined to-
gether and form one word, with the letter /, or
1"- ' ,
■ 11 ii
%l
f. ,
■ •> -^iif*^ •.'5r"* T ^'^^^SB^pJ^^w^mL-r^ ■
1.^
>fl-'
IH
.v between them for the sake of euphony, t. i;
ii(ii>iniiozciiiim\ a sinjj^er; Ic/iihakzccihcc a female
cook; hainifaorkzfc, a maid-servant.
Kulo 13. Verbs in iiniiizca generally are used
when speaking of the property, qualities or man-
ners of another person, f. i: ///// zi'iibandnvuizva o
niiisinaigiin, I see his book; )iin kfkeudiiDunva od
ijizvehishciii, I knew his ways, (behaviour); a
j)erson could say: ;//;/ -vubaudav o Jiiasiu(iii>an;
II in kikeiidaii od i/izcrhishi'i)! ; but it is l)etter
Chippewa to use in such cases a verb ending in
(iniazva or some other like it, Instead of amazvay
aminvatt is often used.
The termination cmazva refers only to inani-
mate objects f. i: )iin zvabandamazva o niiisincii-
oan, I see his book. F> i animate objects the
termination in ina must be used; f. v. o ZL-ahamau
ossiiii, he sees his (s(mieb.elses) father; we can-
not say: o zvabandaimizi'iin ossiui.
Rule 14. One verb governs another in the sub-
junctive mood with Ichi, often without it, f. i:
kazvin nin da-o;ashkitossin noiigom tchi madjaiCim-
han, I would not be able to start now; minzi'cn-
dam ahiuodji odamiuod, the child likes to play,
Ta instead of tchi is often used by the Indians
of Lake Superior.
Rule 15. Ondji {zvendji) always comes iminedi-
titflv before the verb, f. i: mi o-.i-bi-ondji-ijad,
therefore he came; /ohn Moiiing-zvan^kaiii'jio gi-
ondji-madja, John went away from La Pointe.
Rule If). Frequentative verbs are formed by
<luplicating Wio. first syllable of tlie verb, f. i: ;////
pakiteozca, I strike him; nin fafakitcozva, I strike
him repeatedly; nin tangishkazi'a, I kick him; nin
ttitanoishkazva\ I kick him several times. When
the first syllable of a verb has an /, this i is
changed in a in the frequentative syllable, t. i:
nin gig'it, I speak; g^dgig/t, I speak much, a long
time; nin g inog-ade,"^ Vhsive a long leg; freq. nin
r- iiirjvryi-
/J. "'•■:••!». «^MBB.-
4.^'»
,i:iro/,w<ia(/t; I have l.mfr le^'s; ,//,/ />,\iu,nit\ I
have a small K"|r; ,//// /„i/)hiii>,i(ir, I h.-.Vi- snail
lejrs.
Kule 17. There is jfreat latitude jjfiven in (."hin-
pewa as to the jjosition of words in a sentence
f«)r instance.
W'liluniii- ta-madju mv /iiiiii, tomorr-uv that man
,,, . ... will leave.
WdOdfiij;- (izL' I nun ta-madja.
J:r ////;// ta-mmlja zi'iibaiio:
Azc iulni ivahaug tu-madja.
'J (imadja zt'iibaiij^- azr iii/iii.
Tu-madja azv in mi zi-alhni":
Rule l.S. When (juotinjr the wonN or savin |.^s
of a person, the quotation comes first and " then
the person, who said it. f. i: irao uonu^inn nin-
gv/r/ii ijakcn, niu oi-in- „oss iclnil niv father said
to me this m.Tninfr; don't ^4-0 anywhere todav.
Rule l'>. A /ii'rson's zi-ords are oizcn as ijiiolrd
by himself, f. i: nissaie oi-bi-dagziisliin libikam^:
i(i-ikkito Paul, Paul said that his br(»ther arrived
last nij,rht. {Latin, Oratio direeta loro oration is
obliquae )
Rule 20. A peculiarity of the Chii)])ewa lan-
guag-e is the frequent use of the /\issize zoire:
very often P^^ng-lish sentences or -lauses in the
Active voice are rendered in the Passive form in
Chippewa, ex. gr: () nopiuanioon a)iimoshaii azv
abinod/i, the dojr follows this child, (lit.: this
child is followed by the doj^).
Rule 21. Always use a z-erb in i)reference to a
noun ^.v. i;7'. enendaman ta-ijizvebad, thy will he
done; eshpao, its hei<rht; afi minazva ly'e-mazvand-
Jiidiiang, at over next meeting, etc.
Rule 22. The second verb in a sentence is oft-
en ptit in the subjunctive mood, even though
i
M
K.
ih
t^ H
7^
■t'^A
^i
'V|
—<■«**
-44(J-
I '-,. ):^■.^v^V
joined to the tirst verb by a conjunction and
used indicatively, f. i: Jesfts dash mimnva o i^i-
_<(ii_<>ikiman aniihinubcn tri-inad; but Jesus ag'ain
preached to the people and said to them.
Kule 2.^. Another peculiarity ot this language
is the way they use the demonstrative pronouns
(/::•, zvuiizi', azinii, f. i: hij mv! ikon azv! zvainiiii
iizvedi! umhf ushamishin inv tekouad! etc, without
expressing the substantive, hi/ azv (^ahinodji), i>v-
j(/i>cns, inini, m/s/i/tn/u. These forms are in use
universally in Northern Minnesota, and probably
also in Canada.
Kule 34. Most verbs of the sixth conjugation
ending in d(Hi, /an. Ion, change this syllable into
djigadc and tchisradc to liccome impersonal verbs
of the seventh conjugation, which always implies
a pinsiyc meaning, f. i: ///// kikcndan, 'kikcniii>a-
dc, it is known; n/'nd o/xi^i/on, apcii>itc/iii>\ide) it
is thrown; ///;/ sdi^issiVon, sai^issiichiirade it is
carried out etc.
Rule 25. A. There is a slight difference of
meaning between the 3d, person. Passive voice.
Indicative mood IV. Conjugation and its verbal
adj'^ctive ending in d/7o<iso, dJii>(isozv(iir, I Conj. )
f. i: ta-nanazvau; iicsi^aandazvindjig means those
(children) known to me already before hand, as
to their place, house or nuniber. The persons,
place, time (in the afternoon) and number is
more definite, than in the following form: ta-na-
(^JiMy^^'''^^'iK> i^'c-sii^aandazvind/'ig means those
(children) not much known' to me as to tb?ir
number, place, house etc.; it is rather indefinite
later on, next Sunday or sometimes in future, as
many as there may happen to be.
B. Likewise there is some difference in the
meaning between the form ..i-pindiganazi'ag ^e-
sigaandazvindjig and ta-pindiganazvag ge-sig aanda-
-441-
.Hlled; also; I nu^y know heforehaml vvh,. thev
are, how many etc. -
The second form _.r-.s/^>,,,,,/,A,^>,,5/,/y ..^ ,,^.^
iTa'f/tT ^;^'''''^'''^' '"^'^^"^ '^''''' no/ much or <m-
Iw little known t<. me (shall ccmie in to the
Rule 2f,. Some verbs of the ninth Coniuirati.m
ending in: /,.. indicating a state of being c^anl^
transformed into verbs of the seventh Coniutra-
lon to have the Passive of an inanimate oi^c'c ,
t I. AihU'os.n, nhkzi'aminu^ the door is open'
P<d'cd'o,ni>ade, jt is opened, it has been opened b^
some <,ne previously). ^V/Wms/,;, it is shut t is
shut, It has been closed by somebody.
Rule 27. It is congenial to the cinppewa lan-
guage, that the noun usua//v follows the verb
thus apur/ii maao/o a-w kz'vhvisnis, this bov is
mau the steam boat goes very fast indeed; tfao-
If the pnest does not arrive, we shall be sorry
Rule 28. Most verbs of the IV. Conjugation
that have a vowel before the final a become, by
changing this a into (on, verbs of the VI Con-
jugation ^. iir. iiin bamh, uin hamitou; nin de-
bui, urn dchiton: nin bo..ia, nin hositon; nind ini-
gaa, nmd inio;.!ton: nin saoy,,, „i„ sa^i/on.
. Rule 2«*. Verbs of the VI. Conjugaiion ending
m an having a vowel before this syllable be-
:onie, by changing un into iQade unipersonal
■evhs of the MI Conjugation, implyinjr always a
J missive nieamng, f. i: nin irihdkzvaan, aibakwai-
f ' u'\i t.^''^('"'^ fakiteigade; nin kashkdbi-
kaan, kashkabtkaigade, etc.
if If
X
-442-
I'/uf^pc-uui ro(i/s or radical $vllahlt'f.
Ahalnlc alludes to Nii/orfiiiif^., f. i: uiini ahahika-
iiii, I unlock it; (i/xihiktii^adf, it is opened, un-
locked; ahiihikdii^aii, :i key.
Al)(i(f, alutiij alludes to usifithiasi f. i: uind d-
hiidi^, I am useful; iihid lihadjiton, I use it; dim-
if/itr/ii^aii, any useful object.
A/ud- alludes to zi'unn/i/^, f. i. N/'n ahakiiiaiics,
I warm my breast; uind ahukiiiindji'vus, I warm
iny hand; uind (//xiAw'sidcs, I warm my feet.
Alnnn alludes to /nniini>, f. i. //in(/ afnani^d-
/><i:t', I turn standing; a/xiniitinzvcid sihi the river
makes a turn; td)aniod/izva)i, the water turns
round (at the foot of a rai)id;.
Ahisi' alludes to nniyim^; hoscnimy, f. i. nind
jhi^kohidon, I loosen it, untie it; nind ahi^kona,
I untie him, deliver him; nind id)iskolii, I j^et
loose, untied.
Ahita means fiaif, f. i. ahUa-ouiadui, half a
l)ottle, a pint; abitdzvagam^ halfway across a
river or lake; ahiiazvisMiii^^ half a barrel; ahitoshki-
ue, it is half full (a baj^); nind ahilosse^ I arrive
at halfway.
Abo alludes in comjxjsitions to liquid, f. i.
niandaniinabo, corn-soup; opinizvabo, potatoe-soup;
i<.hk(dczvaboy tire-water, whisky.
Adisfii;- alludes to dyiiii^; f. i. ni)id (idissii>c, I
dye, color; (idissii>(in, dye-stuff; iidissii>czi'inini,
dyer.
A<>iiss, (/o(is/i, alludes to snni//ness, littloiess, f.i.
(ii^cis/iii, he is small; aQ-assa, it is small; agassa-
dea, it is narrow; agassade:ši nabagissag; the
board is narrow.
iVind (liTdSsig'-ade, I have a small leg; nind a-
gassidoUy I have a small mouth; niud agassinike^
I have a small arm.
.i^ii(i/r/iy (liidf alludes to s/iii)ii(\ f. i. ///;/,/ ,/.
,i,'v//r//, I iim Hshanicd; iiiiui a^ad/u'/aii, I atn ash-
anied of it; tii>it/r///zc-/t{, shame.
Ai-azru/ alludes to s//it(/»7y ,• f. i. ;////,/ ,/<^t,:.,(/,'-
s/iimoii, I am in the shadow; a^(lz^•tif(•oll, jiarasol.
umbrella; ai>(ni<i/r, there is a shadow.
Aj>/ni, alludes to sjjows/iors, L i. r/o////, mi.»\v-
shoe; tli^iwassc, he walks on snow-shoes.
Ai>/fi (agim) alludes to roundup, f. i. „incl a-
}^tmhin, I count it; uimi (ii^///</tffs[ I vount, I ci-
pher, reckon; ;//V/r/ (rnntj/iiys, I am counted'.
Ai>,)u often alludes to /luuiiiiiii; f. i. nind and-
iia, I han^ him; iiim/ (fi»(iu'/(iU, I hanj,-- myself;
aiion/c/izi'i vu'tii>; jf allows.
Ai>oii-ur alludes to ron/railirtiiio, disol-.jvinj^r, f.
i. nind Cii>otnvctiidimiii, we contradict each oTher!
we dispute; uiud ii}:;oini-Hini'a, I ctmtradict, diso-
bey him.
-U'^^'^'A'. alludes to beinjr mimld\\ f. i. (/u-u-ui^v
poiizidd, it tastes mouldy; ai>-u'(i'ozi'td>/hfd'''{\nnn.
Oiiti'd^obikad) it is rusty: (li^zcujizv/s/i/ />tii-zi:-//<>,m,
the bread is mouldy; (itrzi'dgzr/sa/n (froti. o^zva-
jyoss/fi), it is mouldy, rusty.
A/'r^ alludes to lircdness, fatiijuc, i. i. uind a/'c-
i-os, I am tired fatifjfued; nind aickosiu, I tire
him, molest him; ;//;/ iiichvunuw, I breath with
difficulty; nind aiekzvizfi\ I am tired of carrvinij
on my back.
AJazv, ajazvi, in compositi(ms alludes to crossing
or rouzryniir over to the opi)osite shore; also the
opposite' side of any object f. i. ajazvao, he cross-
es a river, bay, in a boat; ajazvadaga, he swims
across; (f/cizi'udd^dh), he crosses over on the ice;
nind ajaivaona, I convey him across in a boat;
ajazvaodjigan, ferry-boat'; ajazi'igad, the other leg-;
ajazvaiiy on the other side (of anything).
^ \
'f
^^
<3
m
I
-►l^
m rl
-.4C!
w%
444-
^C^
,,^'
A/'r alludes io ^o/iii>- /nici; or httckwanls, f. i.
iiin (ijchdlo, I run backwards; ///y/^/ (ijdun'e, I row
a boat, canoe; ajchoian, oar; «///</ ii/eziinu, I lead,
convey him back.
.IX- as end-syllable of nouns, signifies lufndle,
piece of zLooii, f. i. t('himit(iii>iniak broom han<lle;
auitiid\ sj)ear-handle.
Akiikau^ akakinij, allude to coa/s, f. i. (ikakatia-
kide, it is burnt to coal; dkuktiu/e, coal charcoal,
tiind akiikanjeke, I make (burn) charcoal.
Ako (Chanjfe eko) i)retix means as long as,
since, ago, f. i. neii-uko'hinituiisiiilu, as long as I
shall live; ekoihm'uishinan, since thy arrival.
Anam, anami alludes to under, underneath, be-
neath, f. i. anamadopinvin, under the table; ana-
mihagan, under the bed.
And, andj alludes to chaiii>e, alternati(m, reite-
ration, f. i. iiind andah, I change seats; nind an-
danani, I breath otherwise; nind andji aia I am
changed, I am otherwise than before; nind and-
jiton, I change it.
Anok alludes to workiui>[, f. i. nind anoki, I
work; anokitai>an, hireling.
Ash, iash as end-syllable allude to saiUni>, f. i.
nin kijiiash, I sail fast; nin babumas/i, I sail a-
bout.
Ashk alludes to ra'W, fresh, j^reeti, f. i. nind
ashkandan, I eat it raw; ashkatig; piece of green
wood; AshkibagiSibi: St. Paul Minn.
Assin at the end of verbs signifies; coming
zi'ith the wind, i. i. bidassiu, it is cold by the
wind; zvehassin, it is thrown about by the wind.
AzL'ass at the beginning of a word, signifies
fat a-vay, beyond; f. i. azvassagam, on the other
side of a river or lake; awassakiy aivassadjiw, be-
445
yond the mountain: invas,i^,n„ij^, l.ohind. .>r. ,.n
the other sule c.f the h.Hisc- or I.kI^-,..
.l::-/ prefix si^rnirtes tv./;/^;. /,. i. j. ;,/„ ^,„,/ ,/,,,,.
wa/nnna, \ will ^ro to see him.
/iaha signifies ^»v,/;;^. ahont, I. j. ;//;/ /,af„n,uuf
Jim, I jfo about tellin«^ thin-s; „ni /xihauuuii^, I
travel about.
/%'; /><a''/. as end-svllable or in the mi(M\ <.!
a word uliude to the lanrs o/tnrs, t. i. ■.„,•,7,,,
.i,'V/, the leaves of a tree are\-ominjr torth. shcot-
in^r forth; -wateha^a, the leaves on the tre-s -.re
becimiing' yellow.
/>V/ alludes to szcr//iNii; »"• >• "i>i A./- --/..r-v
mv head swollen; ;//// />„i^i.</,/„, ] ■,,,, Cs, Tu.i'
mil tf(ii>7suft, my foot is swollen.
/y./Xr signifies asntc, f. i. />„iri,w m!k,>,iu, Ju-
road splits; bakeiyama separation of a lake u-1 . re
there is a branch lake; ;//// ludrhiiniin, we mp^.
rate from each other; ludrfii-zveia s/7n, the nver
divides.
ffM>i denotes /;/A> ///<• z.v/Av, f. i. ,„„ hakohi
I go into the water; ;//;/ hakobhvcbiua, I throw
him into the water.
Biniad %\^n{fiQ^ spoi/ed, tost, mined, l. i. funuidi
5/, he IS lost, also he dies; fninadad, it is lost
ruined; ;;/// banadjiton, I ruin it; ;//;/ Innuidjia \
ruin, seduce him.
Bata alludes to sin, badness, xvrouo f. i ;;/,;
bata-dodam; I do wrong, I sin; ;//;/" i>ata-ce, I
speak wickedly.
Bed, bes allude to shzvness, f. i. nin bedo^se I
•valk slowly; uin besikabato, I run slowlv.
Bi- ^^ prejix m^A-W^ approaching, coining, f. i.
anamieu'igamigoug nin bi-ija, I \onbe to church.
anamiczvigamigong nind ija, I go to church.
Bi as eud-sy liable, alludes to liquid, being- filed
^
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f?i
1
'■i
V '
X
4'
7-f
-446-
'u'iU some liquid, f. i. niti gi-ikbibi, I have irank
enough; gizvas/ikzvehi^ he is dizzy from liquor, he
is drunk; i>cizvibi, he falls being drunk.
Bimi gives to verbs the accessory idea of go-
iuir, or pussimr through a place; f. i. himi-ija, he
goes by; biinUliii(zfisnin, he arrives here in go-
ing elsewhere.
Binishi, a prefix; it means on viy own account,
of myself; f. i. nin binislii-iiagzi'ishin oimu I
come here on my own account; nin binishi-kiken-
dan, I know it of myself, without being told of
it.
Bishio-wad alludes to imfuritw immodesty, f. i.
nin bishigwadis, I act immodestly,, commit adul-
tery, fornication; nin bishigzvadcndam, I think
immodestly, have impure thoughts.
Bisinadj in compositions alludes to frivolous-
ness, foolishness, imprudence, f. i. bisinadj gijzvc-
win, "frivolous discourse.
Bissa at the end of some verbs signifies the
manner of raining^ f. i. azvanibissa, it rain- u
little; ishhvabissa the rains ceases, nashke eji-Oi:-
' sae^ ! see how it rains.
Bito in compositions signifies double, f. i. nin
bitogztadan, I line it; nin bitokzvanaie, I have a
double suit of clothes on; bitogzvadjigan, lining.
Bok, boko allude to the half or a part of a
thing, f. i. bokodena, one half or a part of a vil-
lage; nin bokobidon, I break it in two.
Bon, boni allude to ceasing, stopping, finishing
f. i. ;//;/ boniion, I let it alone, give it up, cease
doing it; nin bonima, I cease talking to him;
nin bonioidetazva, I forgive him.
Bos, bosa, in compositions signifies penetrating
into, filling f. i. nfn bosabazi'C, I am drenched
with rain;'«/« bosakagon akosizvin, I am full of
sickness, thoroughly sick.
-'^-^,:
mf^mmm
Jios, hosi, alludes to onhariin^, f. i. niu />,j< I
embark; v,„ hosifou, I put it alK.ard or on a wa-
g-on, or any conveyance.
Da, daji in compositions allude to the flare »,■
locahty where a thin- is or is said (., take
place; t. i. (hmi um _<>a-(/(f<^-u-ass, I am .r,,in.r to
sew here; /^crw///,,., daji-inmi, a man of Sault
Ste. Mane. (Mich ).
Daoo sig-nifies in comjx.sitions amouost otlur
persons or things, f. i. „in du^^voahazr i diua-,.,,.
O'lzv) I stand some where amongst others. " '^'
Dasso lias^zv means, so maiiv, f. i. uiitana
aasszvaoik, twenty dollars.
, .'^f\^V'' /^*^^'^ ^i^rnify euoiK'h, sufticient, f. i
'^'^7/'/- '''''-''' I ^"<>w thee 'well enou.rh: ;//V/
M'-cM^'fti, I have drank enough, ki/r/ii />ati"i ,/e
Otbi izv oniodai, that bottle hidds verv little.
Dem at the end of some verbs alludes to zi-eef-
iiii>, eryini>\ f. i. bakadenw, he weeps from hun-
ger; mild oiidadem, I weep for a certain reason.
e. g. dezvikzvezviu oudademo, lie weei)s on ac-
count of headache.
/>r;^/ alludes to <^/;/r> f/:';/;./. ,/,,. (,\,y,,i ///„^^ ,
f. 1. ;//// dodam, I do; ;////' miuo dodazva, I do
good to him, treat him well.
(>and, iitindj [frei]. };auand) alludes to jmsh-
ing, f. i. ;//;/ n-inidina, I push him; ///;/ uatidr.ce-
Oiiige, I drive logs (on a river).
('\^ih alludes to some ofiidji of I he />odv />e/i/<^
stopped up, f. i. nin ^i^aoihidfane, mv nose i's
stoj)ped up.
<uti>i/)ad, i>a^ibad/ allude to /'oo/is/iiiess, /iitpi'i-
denee, impuritw f." i. iiaoilnidisi, he is foolish,
stupid, impure; gai^ihadjikzve, a lewd woman, a
prostitute.
,*"'f iil
'. ■■iu.-nf -«Ki-^r'iK?!bTisi vMcwk:
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-44S-
(wa^wanissag- implies the idea of tef'n'hlc. horn-
hlc, frightful, f. i. nin gagwanissagadcm, I weep
horribly; nhi g-aguuaiissagis^ I am frig-htful; i,>«i,'-
r^'^/«/55</i,'/;/rt■^ztY/^ it looks horrible.
Gagived, giig''^cdj alludes to askings f. i. nin
gagwedwe., I ask; ;//// gag-wed /ima, I ask him.
('ijib alludes to itching., f. i. nin gijihaje, I am
itchy, have the itch; ///;/ gijibigade, mj' leg' itches;
nin gijibinindji, my hand iches.
(rim, gimod. gi7nodJ allude to secretness, steal'
t/iiness, f. i. nin gimi. I run away secretly; nin
gimod, I steal; nin giniodcnve, I whisper, spieak
secretly, also, I speak in parables.
Ginibi^ in compositions, signifies fast, quick, f
i. nin ginibi, I am quick at working- {(ierni. icli
bin flinck); nin ginibig, I grow fast; ginibima-
gad, it (a tree, plant) grows fast.
(lino, ginzv signifies long, f. i. nin ginos, I am
tall, long; nin ginonike, I have a long arm; fre-
quentative; nin gasinonike, I have long arms;
nin ginonindji, I have a long hand.
(li-pi alludes to cracking, soreness, f. i. nin gi-
pidon, my lips are cracked or chapped; nin gipi-
nindji, my hand is chapped.
Gishpin alludes to buying, f. i. gishpinadagan,
any ware of goods for sale; nin gistipinadon, I
buy it.
Giuashk alludes to dizziness, f. i. ;//// gizvash-
kive, I am dizzy; nin giwashkivebi, I am dizzy
from drinking I am drunk; nin piivashkzcebishka-
g07i, it intoxicates me, it makes me drunk.
-44<>-
(hzi
zee
alludes to rr/urnwf.; g-oi,,^- /„
^'"irnvc, I go home „r t£';,'''l '"""■■ '.■'•
back (home) in a bokt or -Jam'e ' ''"""■^ """
»/« ^.w..w*„,„„ri n-'L,"::-::; -."hen; """'
(^o, tgo means ,'Jfirnniiun,, as^uranr^ ,n i r
know It, experiment with it. "^'"^ '^' ^^3 to
straijrht story, I ^U) n n ie X^^^^^ ■') ^'""'^
walk straight, I live, ad ju^th- ^'''''"^''^'^' '
Ozvam as end-sv/lah/e alhiflo..' t.. / ^-
ovlrf i^';i^f ' š;"r, '"""V "'•"'""' .t.r„i„.
to .,o.^„,. ^.,„„, ,w„„„„, V,,:'™ vtr :;;::
//I'o, /X'o« sig-nifies r/-^v/v, f. i. ;//,/,/ //.^„,, 't
away; ,kooa» hnaJ .^o awav there' ;/i-"/L/, ^
=f«, I send him away ^^w.//r/-
J
I
i
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-45(1-
/a/ik^ denotes //m/, -wearv, f. i. >i/nci is/ika/), l
am tired of sittinj^; nimi ishkidec, my heart is
tired of sorrow.
/s/ikzva, ishko means after, at the end of some
thin<r, what is left, reserved, f. i. nind ishkzva-
uiii^ajii,' I stop singing; itind tshkzvahi'uuidiSy I
cease to live, I die; niiid is/ikoni^c, I reserve, I
keep back; ishkoni<iun, Indian reservation.
/shp alludes to hi\i(/niess, f. i. ishpijniiig^, on
hi^jh; niiid ishpaton, I make U hi^h; irnd ish-
pcndan niiazv, I ex^lt myself, am proud
Isk refers to dryings makin<jj dry, f. i. iskatc^
it is dry (the water is dried uj)); )iiiui is:kigami'
s/[ice, I reduce by boilinj^, I make maple-sug'ar.
/aho, jabzv allude to g'oin<r or passing- through
something f. i. niu jahogandiua, { jabo-gandiuu) \
push it (an. obj.) i\i.xo\x^\i\ jabonii^an,, a needle;
oshtigzi'iniijabonio-mt^ a. pin.
Jagashk alludes to stooping^, bozinng dozvti, f. i.
iiiii Jdgashkihi, I bow down, I stoop down; Jiin
/ag-ashkilazL'a, I bow down before him, sahite
him.
fas;inva alludes to oblongiicss, longer than wide
f. i. Jaoazviib'kiid, it (some metal) is oblong; nin
jtigazciiloii, I make it oblong; jagazvamikiiy there
is a long shallow place in the lake, where the
waves break.
Jig {(rcnn. sc/i'C(ic/i) alludes to -weakticss, f. i.
nfii /dgzi'tzv, I am weak; ;.' // jagzviton^ I weaken
it; nin jiigodec, I am weak-hearted, cowardly; yV/-
o-u'udaiK It is weak; Jaozveninio, he dares not, (is
bashful) he is afraid, has not the courage.
Jashagin alludes to nakedness, bareness, f. i.
;//;/ /as/iag/nigadr, my legs are bare; nin jashagi-
iiindibcy I am bare-headed; nin Jashagin iside.
am bare-footed.
/<;»■«« alludes tii the soull, f ; ,. -, ■
the rain comes from the s, tt ,', "^ '■""'";"■
kck, southward, towards tie south /""''" ■ ""/:"
southwind, the wind comes fr.r'th'e-'^^irh"""''"'
him; «™>-..„,.-^,, {x:::x. "^ac'r-ch;"
/'««, m compositions signifies //„■„,„■■/, < //,
■ th'r'et'atolf ""■'■'■'■'«■ '■ '' ''""■ '^pL^'^i
much " ofd;'y^i,rit^T,^ 'Z^"'^'' ' ■?". ;"^"''
te,escope y,fe,,fo„,/y^,„„, ,,,,.^„,;: ,-^l^^!;^,^|.-«.
leg; «/«/^/,„X.„, iftXf^ut n„.'tm. '"" ™>-
Jigad alludes to beino- //>w/ ^"/- ., ^-
-» .. ,». r.,i,.. .,s,. i,?,.".. • fcS"
//V Often alludes to hatcfuluess, f. i ni„ /in
^endam, I hate; nin Huucnima I hatp h ni '^
nngttawa, I hate to hear him "'' "'"
ym- alludes to umniesi,, saltiness i i //-„,/,
vmej^ar; y.V.-.«, it is sour, ^.^li^a^J^^J/JJ^':^.
iiin jnvitaganaan, I salt it. '''•.>, ^^'/, saJt.
//95//>C' alludes to smoothne^% f i ioda-ntr-i,; /
It s polished; ^^/^/>5/./-././,v;'/l pli;^^^^^^^^
^losMzcjn^u,j^,a^, flat-iron; ;////../,/.:.,^.;^; fi^ ,^'
^M^aadaajra., a skate; y..^^...^^...^„;;r'"
>rr alludes to da\i:- half dnnik, f. i. uin jo-
-<? '
W- ■: .ill
^'
y.-
it'^
-452-
ivcndam, I am merry, being half-drunk; nin jorvi-
hi\ I am half drunk, tipsy.
Kdbe alludes to all, the whole, i. i. kabegijig,
all day; kabc-hibon all winter.
Kabik signifies passing, going bv, f. i. nin ka-
bikan, I pass it, go farther; kubikosse, it i)asses;
nin kabikossc, I pass by.
Kad (in compositions often changed into gad)
allude> to the leg f. i: nin ginogade, I have a
long Ic;;, freq. nin gaginogade, I have long legs;
;//;/ mungigade, I have a large leg, freq. nin ma-
mangigade, I have large legs.
A'aniig, kaniiga as end-syllables allude to the
ground^ f. i: anamakamig, under the ground, also
in hell; mdndkamiga, it is a bad piece of ground,
minokaniiga, it is a good piece of ground, good
land.
Kan (often changed in compositions into gan
signifies bone f. i: nikan, my bone; makogan,
bear's bone; amikogan, beavers bone.
Kanj, ganj, shkanj; these end-syllables allude to
the nail of a persons finger or toe, the hoof or
claw of an animal, f. i: makoganj, bear's claw;
nishkanj my nail- h, hcji^oganji, the animal that
has one hoof (not spht-hoof like an ox) i. e.
the horse.
Juii often alludes to dissimulation, feigning;f.i:
nind akosikas, I feign sickness; nin nibakas, I
feign sleeping; nind anatniekas, I feign religion,
piety, i. e. I am a hypocrite.
K-juanaie ^end- syllables allude to dressing, f. i:
;//;/ makateivikwanaie, I dress in black.
Kijij in compositions signifies strong durable,
f. i. kazvin kijija nin bimadisissi. I don't live
strongly, I am not in good health; kijijaxfad, it
i:
453
thou art never skk.' ^^ ^^^^ ^' ^^'''^^g^ ^"^eed.
A> alludes to zvarmth, f. i. nin kiinh T
/l7-^r// alludes to kno-wino f ; ,,/,, j,-, ,
I am known; ;,/,; /vXr;//,;],/i ^^w hTm^^^^^^^^^
/i/A'.^ alludes to l/iirkne^^ f ; /. -^ •
thick; /v>,^,,,//,,, it is frozen tl^i,.. %^'"' ^^ '.^
it (liquid) is thick. ' ^'A'A'V(;'r/w/,
AV5//>{' often alludes to cutting, f. i ;//,, /./,..,
hand, finger, is cut off ^'^^'^'"'i>niji, my
A'/5/<^/X>- often alludes to zvas/nnir, f. i ;,,-,/ h\i
%/, I wash myself; ;;/;, /VV-^/./;;; ;;, I ',;' ^h :
m^- hanls"^ "^ '^^^' ''^'' /-//.>, ./.,,^y, I -,/,
Kitimag alludes to ;;//5rn', /^rrr/v, f i. ;,/;, /,/
r^ity him; ;/.;, /v//;;/..^./;;,./,,:,,,. j .,,,, of him cha-
nty .md assistance In my needs; kHimaS^^^^^i
poverty, misery. '"'in^isiu^in,
or a t).rd, t. i. kaoat^ni'ilo, the ravens beak
suffer; /{v,/r/o,/^z,,,;;, suffering; nin ko/ctia T
make him suffer, I torture him. ^ ' ^
KosigO, kosigjv allude to heaviness, f. i. ;;,;, /.,,.
sigo-u,-ime, I carry a heavy pack on my back; ko^
C,
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i
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fWI
sii>7vany it is heavy; iiin kosig-uanitoti, I make it
heavy; ;//;/ kosii>-.iCHdit)i^ I find it heavy, think
it heavy.
Kwaam or kzuam as end-syllable alludes to a
forest, f. i. nin sagiuikwamn, I come out of the
forest.
Kzuen as end-sj-llable alludes to the position of
the head-, f. i. ;//;/ tiawagihven, I incline my
head forward; anibekweui, hi' incline* his head
to one side; ///// datiigikwen^ I lift up my head.
Madab alludes to going to a lake, f. i. nin ma'
(iahi, I go down to the lake; ///;/ madahiwidon, i
carry it to the lake shore.
Mild, oftener madji often signifies beginning,
i. i, nin nuidjita, I begin; nin madadjim^ I begin
to tell or narrate s. th.; nin madapine, {madjine)
I begin to feel a sickness; madjitatvin, beginning,
Madwe, in composition alludes to hearing a re-
port, a sound or noise, f. i. kishime gi-vtaikve-ni-
ho, according to report thy younger sister, broth-
er died; tioss gi-madwe-dagtvishin tibikoni>, I hear
my father arrived last night; madwessin kituta-
gan, the bell rings,
.\faiag signifies foreign, strange, changed, f. i.
inaiaginini, a stranger, foreigner; inaiagwe, he
speaks a strange foreign language.
Maia alludes to being y?>;r;;;o5/, erected, f. i,
///'// ntaiaosse, I march foremost at the head of a
band; 7naiossewinitii, war-captaifl, war-chief; nin
maia-vishin, I stand up, erect myself,
Makatc alludes to blackness, f. i. makate gine-
big, a black snake; makate bineshi, a black bird;
makatc'i'iiass (black flesh) a negro.
Maniad, mamadj alludes to moving, stirring, f.
V. nin mamadji, \ stir, I move; mamadjimagad.
'"%^^
! 1
1,
It moves or stirs; ;//// inamadah I ^t.r
/•./5/A.^o., I tell wonderful stories ' ' """""■
Mamazi'i si^rnifies mo,t, together i i „:„ „
jrecl topther in ^^reat nnrnUcr^h^'^i^J;'"^':
iomm, I put them (in. c.j.) to;rether '
Mamoiaxu alludes to f/iaiil-iuS f ; . ■
a-wawa, I thank him- j '^ ■ "'" '"''»^"'-
am thankful ' '''' '"''^'^<>''ru^or,u/aw. I
yJ/f/;/, wir7;/r/, w/r?;/./^/ wfn/as, mamuij si<rnifv /, , /
JA/;/ f;;r/«r/,/, refers to m^-r/ feur unt ,1 ..■
t..i. «.« ../.;..5/tev., I don't da ; './o'tfh:;f{'
nmmanasoma. I don't dare speak to hi;, '^'"^'
Mane alludes ta tvcmt f ; .,;..
have no children or,^;^;: \i 'ij^" ^Z:;:!->^;,1
of t, need .t; ;;,„,;.,;,,;,:,„, i ^ave no toba"co
/»/«;/ ff sig-ni ties hxror hur f ;. .. •
(...^.^^^Mhave'^^'l^^elivlr/^r^^
I haxe a larjre oot, fre(i. ui„ mamauurJe \
have lar^e feet; n,n .un,,Ui>7>r. I have tt^
Manj sijrnifies unzvcll, had. evil. f. i. ;//;, „,„,..
«/r/, I am unwell; nin manji i>nzcc I soeak 'nA^^
tmctly; ./.....//„//.,, I ''haV^ an u^^ f n" k':
nmmanjiur,nz.'a^.,s, I am ill-tempered, wicked
J/«5///, mas/ikmv, allude to 5/>r;/^o///, f, i. ;,/,,
ill
-I
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k
mas/U'dzcis, I ain stronjf; iihi miis/i/(:(izctif(u/i'
unas/ikaza . .k(iii) I have strong lejj^s.
A/(is/d-/iC signifies a swamp; f. i. mus/iki^imin-
an, cranberries, swampberries.
Mashkiki signifies medicine; f. i. mas/ikikizvi^a-
miii; drug-store; mtisAHA-izvabo, fluid-medeci'ne;
mashkikizvinini^ a doctor.
Mimn alludes to pictures, anything printed f.
i. masini/c/i/ifiin, a picture; musiitiiii, an idol; ;//;/
masinakisan, I print it.
Mazvami, mazvamij allude'^ to gathering to^eth'
cr^ collect ill jy, f. i. muzLamlizu'if^amiir, meeting
house; «/// muzvamljia, I collect' it, \ save and
keep it; mazi>(iN(lJftc/iiire, I collect, mazvandjitchi'
ficzviniiii, a collector.
Miiia alludes to lJi>liti)iijr, f, i. },i,i mii>(is, I
fight; niii mii^adimiti, we fight together; ////; ;;//-
M'af'ii, I fight him; ;//// miiyadan^ I fight it.
Mipnhk alludes to trouble, f. i. uin mii>oshkti'
dis, I am troublesome; nin mii>os/ikadfia, \ trou-
ble, molest him; nin mii>os/ikadJidee, my heart {■>
troubled.
Afik alludes io find in ir, f. j. nin mikai>€, I find;
nin mikinva, I find him; ;//;/ mikan, \ find it;
nin mikzvcndan, I remember.
Min (the very opposite of man^ denotes some-
thing good, pleasant, f. i, ///;/ mino dodawa, I do
good to him, treat him well; ///'// minotc/iii>e, I
act well; nin minzvahama, I like to see him."
Atisk, mishzv allude to red, blood, f. i. nin
miskzvin(rzve, I have a red face; miskzvi, blood;
miskwizvi, he bleeds.
M, Mo as end-syllable of nouns denoting na-
tions, alludes to their language; f. i. anishinabc
mo, be speaks Indian; nind Otchipzvcm, I speak
.'"«*-
mm-
iiPs;^iitsipig^*B ' wmlin 'V
Ch
ipjxewa; «/>/
/oii<i>/,,s/,/„,, fai,aKas/i,mo, I
speak
English, he speaks Knjriish.
iTMnw mihmu. the roa.l "•0:, „,,1,^1, '•- "V'''"-
»»»*,«« .he r.,a„ (.;^ir .Mh^r'^'les T^^
modjif.i,l„, myheart \T\^y\T '"'"'^ "'"
^loihk alludes to fuln.'^ f : / .
some liquid,; ,„■„ „W,,,\,;ir /' n i,"'! ..TJt
Hat hand. ' "<''><LK<'^f^-"ii,uO, my
JSL:!5"V'h:;et;';te ir '^- --'""-
„.^^{^ ':' ^?"V>'-../<-/r/l/««, f. i. „,„
fimiin, 1 letch It; ;//;/ nadniissr, I fetch won/i-
/v, I fetch water, ^a water.
.%>.../ alludes to /.v«^> ,,;,,/ ^,. arcnstomcd to
i^. th f. 1. ;,/,; nai>aci,s, I am accustomed- «/«
i"rt;r't'„'ir "^■^" '" ^'- '"" •"■^-'^'■''^
.y<ig alludes to ,iffe,irh,^, f. i. „,■„ ,,„„,,, ,
ance; ijnuigosi, he looks like.
,.AW as end-syllable alludes to brcathhw- f i
v/;/ pa^ndanam, I breathe, I sigh; «/;/,/ %/,^.:,.j:
!
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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
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nam, I cease breathingr, I breath my last, 1 die.
Amihos, namide, as end-s^-llables allude to
smoke, f. i. nin gikanamos, it smokes in my
house or wig-wam; ^ikanamode, it smokes in a
house or lodge; nin gibwanamos, I am stifled
with smoke.
Nand, nanda, allude to seeking, f. i. nin nun-
dawahama, I seek him; nin nandonezva, I search
for him; nin nanda-mikwendan^ I try to remem-
ber it; nin nanda-nissa, I seek an opportunity to
kill him.
Nanekad^ nanekadj allude to suffering, f. i.
nin nanekadis, I suffer; nin nanekadjia,^! make
him suffer, I ill-tireat him.
Nan^ often alludes to lightness, f. i. nin nan-
gis, I am light (not heavy); nangan, it is light;
nin nangidee^ I am light-hearted, happy.
Nanihik alludes to scolding, reproaching, f. i.
nin nanihikima, I scold him; nanihikindiwag, they
scold each other.
Nanisan alludes to danger, f. i. nin nanisanis,
I am dangerous; also, I am in danger; nanisani-
nag-wad, it looks dangerous.
Nassah means equally, likewise, the same again
f. i. nassab nin dibadjim, I repeat the story over
again; nin nassabishima, I put it (an obj.) back
again in its place.
Naw, nawa, nawi signify in the middle, in the
midst of, f. i. nawadjiwan^ in the middle of a
rapid; nawaiiwan, it is in the middle; nawashkig,
in the middle of a swamp.
Nenaw alludes to dividing, f. i. nin nenawina,
I divide, s. an. obj, nin nenazvitage, I divide it
among people; I make a distribution.
Nes as end-syllable alludes to disease^ sickness^
If
LL:%l;f t?(^r e;!,^- r ^^-^ ^'-^ -
lull him 'to sleep; ,fe,. T"^' ^^"^ ^'^^^^'
night; «/W/^/^; at iight ' '''^"' ^'^^"^ ^^
-^^, m^ feet arr.:^f;i^i -.H^'^r '^'^'^
lud^f toX:5"f t '^f'- ^^/ --prion' it al-
dead leg (from pals;^!/''^^^^^^ ^ ^^^'^ ^
deada4Vomp^a^^?;C/;1rT^ ^T ^
nibomagad, it dL, it perists! ^'^"^ ^^"*'
Nigan alludes to first forntin^f f ; •
«/, I ^o ahead; ni/ nh£Z T'^ ""' '"'-^T
nisranibato I run T \.1A ' -^^ formost; ;//;/
A^ni,:n:,JZ:!^J'^:j^'">J''"- I fore.
: ^?^««'« {freq. naninam) alludes to -uPnl,,... f
angry; ,,/„ n/sMen/ma I am^Lry^t ^m in m"^
heart; mn nis^^as/tagos, I talk Sgri y; L «S
^adji-g-anona, I speak angry to him. ^
Aissa/hiTv alludes to TJtrht (<•:•: f ; • • »
1 am wPt T ^m ^^ ^/"/'?5f, t. 1. nin nissabawe
feet arTwpf. • ^'^^^^^' «'« nissabawhide, my
teet are wet; nin nissabazvana, I wet him
A%5/V« alludes to r^./,/, ,,;^//, .^^^^^/ f. i. „/„
ntssttav^abama, I discern him, recognize him; IZ
. >
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uissituzuinuH masiiuu'sran, I can read; ///;/ uissito'
tuiuu, I understand him.
jVitani means first, ^oremost; f . i. ;//;/ nitamcn-
dajy-os, I am considered the first, the foremost,
;//;/ nitanicnima, I consider him to be the first.
Xoij^- alludes to stopping; dcsisthiir, f. i. ;//;/ uo-
i>ii>-uhazv, I stop walking-, I stand still; nogishku,
it stops.
A^ok alludes to softness, f. i. ;///; nokis, I am
soft, tender, weak; ;//// nokidcc, my heart is soft,
weak, fickle; ///// nokikwaudie, I wear soft
clothes.
A^om/, nonde allude to i^nn/i* up, desisting be-
fore all is done, f. i. ui'n nondes, I am deficient;
cannot do it; nondcssc, there is not enough of it.
Odiss frequently alludes to coming, arriving;,
reachini^, f. i. nind odissa, I come to him; nind
odissigon niadjibiig-an, a letter comes to me, I
receive it; nind odissabama, I arrive to the point
of seeing him.
Odjan often alludes to tronhle, f. i. nind odja-
nimis, I am troubled; nind odjanimiton, I trouble
molest it.
On (in od^ at the end of some verbs allu'les
to conveying in a boat, canoe, f. i. nind ajazvao-
don, I convey it across in a boat; nind ajazvaona,
I convey him across in a boat; pindonag, in a
boat; ondassonag, on this side of the boat; canoe;
azvassonog, on the other side of a boat; nind aton
I make a canoe, {jd person atono); anamo7iagr
under a canoe etc.
Ojaivashk alludes to green, f. i. ojazvashkwa, it
is green; ojazvashkzvdbaga, the leaves on a tree
are green, there are green leaves; nind ojawash-
kzvanaie, I am dressed in green, have a green
dress on.
4M
arm; „M o..^^^^^^ ^".''„7.^1™; ' "■'• ■"■'■
Unaiiiii alludes to jin-fuhu-^^ f ,' , '• ;
H'v J -^ *-t-r[ain reason p ir ci.ir
from .he Sa/cAshSt. ■'•'• ' "'™' ^^■''■
. Os,,m means /«« ,„„c/i, verv much f f
SI. he IS mischievous; ,«„«,„//,/?;, •;.,'• '"•"""■
much; «;W„„„„W,„, l"h"ave'io"m';.h"rr'e ""'
05///{7 alludes to youni>; nczv f i' n.hl.; V
a new town; ^^///fvV/^r.r a voun'o- -an f L — ^^^
t^^, a young- lady. ' ^ " °' "^^^^^"igik-
Otchipinin often ^Unrl^^ +-. . ^
noulsioL; l i. ^".^ "^ •/"'f^.r""^' ^«-
convulsions, fits; ./../ '^^;//.^'/^ T^P^'
cramps in mj arms; «/;;^ otchiniud^tii ^ S '"
cramps in my hands; ""iijtpnn^, i have
Pagaini often alludes to r^;;«/;/„ ,„v'A./.. t ■
n.n tagamihato, I arrive runn n ;•';.% 2^^'= ^'- ]•
\qon, it comes upon -^e hannp'n's / ^"M^'""s/i.
mUiiamagmU it hap ,- ;^P1" ^o me; /,,.,,.
rive. P' ' " P"M"»iis/ika, I ar-
Piigid fagidin allude to uUowhur^ lettino f ;
nmpagufiua, I let him iro, I al mv hi,^^; ,
something-; ;;/;, Paofd/i-u^ane 1 ul ^ ^"^ '''
pack; nin pagidoLu'^tinl Zn '(Tarryi'^^
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lit . .vX =..V^ , -N^,
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him on my back as e. g. Indian women carry
their children.)
Pakitc alludes to striking, f. i. niii pakit€ii>e, I
strike; ^akitei^ati, hammer; nin pakitcozva, I
strike him; nin pakitcoshiina, I strike, knock him
down.
Piudy findig, pindj mean inside, zvithin, f. i.
findig aid, he is inside (of a lodge or house):
nin pindige, I enter, go in; nin pindigaua, I
make, cause him to enter; nin pindigeshkazva, I
enter h^m; pindonag. In a boat.
Piicha, alludes to length, f. i. pitchamagad, it
is long, far away, distant.
Pitchi alludes to mistake, accident, f. i. nin pi-
tchi-bos, I embark in the wrong boat, canoe, oi
conveyance; nin pitch i-dodani, I do by mistake;
nin gi-pitchi-viidjin zviiass tchibaiatigo-gijigak, I
ate meat by mistake on Friday.
Sa^ often alludes to coming out, f. i. nin sa-
gaani, I go out; nin sogidina, I carry him out
of doors, tnrn him out; nin sagidjiwebina, T
throw him out, turn him out; saging, mouth of
a river.
Sanag alludes to diji cully, f. i. nin sanagis, I
am difficult, severe; also l' am in difficulty; nin
sanagendan, I find it difficult; nin sanaqwe, I
speak a difficult language.
Sasega alludes to beauty, f. i. sasega-inini, a
beautiful man; sasega ikzve, a beautiful woman;
nin sasegakwanaie, I dress beautifully; I wear
beautiful clothes.
Seg alludes often to fear, f. i. nin segis, I
fear, am afraid; nin segia, I make him afraid,
scare him; nin segifna, I scare him by my words.
Song alludes to strength, f. i. nin song is, I am
strong; nin songidee, I am strong hearted, brave.
'S../;, as en.l-sylhihio allu,le> often to -v.,/ r •
"f'H'-/^^-^Xi,>, a Hat piece „f woo.l ab -.nl "
'<^'^>-W^'-, maple wood. ""'''*'' """"■
7cil>ass, tahush alludes to ItKvne^^ f ; / ,/ /
«/^ below, low; tabashish ./// he is lou- "
very sick and weak; /.,/.....,, it is low- ' /'> '•
s'min. I put it lower, I Iowct t ;^?'/ / ' •""
<//-S I lower mjself. humble m^seir t-has.nuu-
(^-O is ..dded denote th^ ^^n;.:^ ^'"^^^^^^
/«/{■ (r/^/zf-) often alludes to ro/(/ f ; a,/. ,/ v /
nose is c„,„; „,;, .,.,>»L^:i'; ' J^'^.'^f ff-,;, ".v
7./^y;, /,,yf.zt/ often allude to s/ior/„es, f i ,,,•,,
^^?/fvw, I am short fnot tall)- «/,. /,/ /
leg is short r/m/. ;,/;. /. X;^ nn icM ^i' '"•'
short); ./. ,.X../,.///, I have^athort-hanT '"^"
/fi-zC-t^;/ alludes to takimr sv/>/,^o f ; . /
rest; takomgcxuinmi, a police-man.
I t^cf himT/'/'";""'^^"^^' '• '• "'■" ^^'''^^-'^.
kick him ^ """' '""-""••^ '^"^ ^^«A'vV/./v.-.::;, i
/.wlti.^T^'i alludes to .//////;,.. or sawing
icngt/uv se, f. i. ;//,^ las)ik,o-a,oe, I split, I cleave-
mn tashhgansc, I split M-ood for fuel- ,'/;; Xca'
/^r'a'rf'" ^' ^^ ''"^^^^ lengthwisl; tZkU:^.
J gun. a rip-saw; a saw-mill; tashkibodjip-cwinini
a sawyer (m a saw-millj. "^ -^ '
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Tchag^ tchagi allude to consuming,, spending^
f. i. mil tchaginan, I spend it all; nin tchagine-
iniu, we are d3ing out, dying awa}-.
Tch'thak alludes to cooking, f. i. nin tc/iilnikwc^
I cook; tchibakwcTvininiy a cook; tchihakzve kijahi-
kisigan, cook-stove.
Tchig alludes to neaniess, f. i. tchigishkwand,
near the door; tchigikana, near the road; tchiga-
tig, near the wood, tree.
Tchitchihi alludes to convulsions, spasms, f. i.
nin tchitchihinikeshka, I have convulsions in my
arms; nin tchitchibigadeshka, I have convultions
in my leg.
Tigweia^ end syllable allude to rivers, f. i. zvai-
ekwatigweia, it is the end of the river; bitotigzve-
ia, che river as it were doubles up; giwitatigzvc-
ia, the river turns around (back again) on its
course.
Titibi, alludes often to rolling, f. i. nin titibi-
don, I roll it with my hand; titibi-odaban, a wa-
gon.
Wab, wabishk allude to seeing, whiteness, f. i.
nin wab, I see; nin wabama, I see him; wabishka,
it is white; nin wabinagos, I look white.
Waiej, alludes to deceiving, f. i. nin waiejinge,
I deceive, I cheat; nin waiejima, I cheat, deceive
him.
Waiek signifies end, f. i. waiekwa akizvan, is
it the end of the world; waiekwa kitchigami, the
end of the lake.
Waj alludes to the hole of some wild animal;
f. i. amikwaj, (a mik, beaver waJ, hole) the hole
of a beaver; makowaj, the lair of a bear.
Wan alludes to losing, f. i. nin waniton, I l"se
it; nin wania, I lose him; wanitchige, he maKes
mm
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.1 mistake; ntn ::v/;/. „,„.„,
'tikcn. I leave it behind, f
i-iiima, I forjret 1
Wehi
•u alludes to ////
«'rj^a-t It.
11113; ///// :i<ii.
-o:i ///<;■ away, casting- awa
r/)/i
abandonittfr, dese^tin^^ 1. ,. ,„ji
him away, abandon him; ;//;/ 7tr/>„u„j T . V ':
a^a, abandon it; ...,^,^,., a™ [^^LJ
deserted. "^'"^'*'"^''' '"" -r/^/./^'k j ,„, ,,,;^V"f;
»^7^/7; alludes to <////Wv/m. f. i. uw vr-r/A/c
l«/,:i7<// alludes to «rro,Hf,n,v/„,., hein.r with
married" t,rh^""'%? '"? "^"•'^iA; a:so,S"i'„'
married to h m; -.vuhoendnvtn. cohabitation m-.r
uncl^n^"""^"' "^ '^/^^/..^,,.,5, f. i. nin ,vinh, I am
Ordinary rrords mid expressions,
John awdshime nibzvdka hidashiwad nin kikinoa-
»^'^ina^- Ow masinuiuan auHishime apiedJl
do-^than /r? •''' ''"' //• "*". "^^ ^he person to
uo that). /w/z:7,/ ,, i>as/ikttossin tchi i>iniodid (trhi
M^n^'Pan). Aa^inkijin^enin:issin:;^,: ^Ji^Hi
arf ht' i '"'^l^'^^'-'''^ "<^^>.^e eji-mashkazvisid (ihon
art by far not so strong as he is.) Xin taQidina
ir/ii nuidjad, tchi ojitod iw, tchi Jiiged. (fJw^
him leave to go away, to make that, to marTy.)
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r£HK^^.lp&»^^Ri^R?:
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sf^ifzas^^-
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'lo inquire after health.
liosho {.bojo) nidji; anin eji-bimadisiiau (or, en-
liiian) uuni>o}n? Migzvetch, uin miuo bimildis {niu
mini) aia.) Anin eji hiniadisizvad i'inid/ani.<sait?
A/ino aiazi'ai> gai ivina-wa; kazi'in aiviia akosihi.
Anin cjiaiad {endigid) hiniisse (iu'shin )? Anin
ejiaiad (eii-/>imadisid) kissaie ikishime)? Mino aia
na ki^a? Kazvin mino aiassi /\ingi aA-osi. Anin
enapined (what is her illness)? Ai>ii(oii:a sa (she
has a cold.) O kitchi akosin oshtiuzcan, o nissigon
oshtigzvan. Kimishihne (kijishe) akosidofi gaie win
L^onddgan od akosin (he has a sore throat).
Nihid nind akosin. Mezvija akosihan azv abinodji.
Kazvin apilchi mezvija (rio, not very long-.j Mc-
wija na kid akosinaban? JVingo anamie-gifigak (a
week). Midassogon. Xingo gisiss. Pitc/iinag- vin
mikzvendan ; anin eji-aiad kiiioshe? (kisigoss)? thy
aunt. Kazvin mashi nodjimossi ( she is not yet re-
covered,) keuibi kitchi akosi. Xishkinjigon nind a-
kosiu'in, kazvin dash nikadan nongom nind akosis-
sinc.n. Nin totoshiniag (woman speaking-) nind
akosinag; kttzvin dash nimisse keijbi od akosissi-
nan.
Chippezvu conversat'ons-
Nissaie {nishime) eshkam uazvatch mino aia.
Ninga apitchi mino aia. Nin minzvendam izv non-
daman. Noss kitchi akosi; scsika gi-akosi tibikong
(he fell sick suddenly last night.) Mashkiki na kid
aian? Anotch mashkiki zvenijishing' nind aian. Kid
aian najdbosigan (purging medicine), bimide j'dbo'
sigan (castor oil), jizvitagani-juhosigan (salts),
jishigagozvesigan (emetic), gwendasseg (camphor)?
Akosi azv abinodji; gonima ogejagimix:>idog
(perhaps it has worms), mojag odjanj o dajikan
(it is always occupied with its nose). Ozv ogej-
-4(
I/-
(inhni-iiiiiš/ii:iii ( here
IS •.oinc worm
mcdecine
mcii.
'Venn-.' jje). A'i„ /ahoiihiis d have the diarrl
'/"'""'.'."■'i'/^',^!' 'I l''«ve the aKUo). .\'///</ ,,/W/-
^wt/r'. Am AuAii^dfi niiuf tdoain.
((f Ihe aur.
Ani-.i I'luhn^o-hihonai^iiiian? Xiu tii/tuna </'/»/>-/'/-
AikviniHtisst fni/asso-f>(/wuaiiisi^-ue„; /,iji>:ni kilrlii
uni&lin,abev,u ^ he is alrt-idv ol.l). (hhki bimudiH
* he, she, IS youn«:); nhimnljihvi : inhkimnvexii ;
iiiiHizui; ikzvezL'i: ahzirs/i-u/: mimiinwinii, uiid
iipitclu i>ikii. Xehih ubiuodjlkvi. hriahi /•/ /iv///,/'-
:r/s- (active, vi;^r„r„us) an, i>/k,i/inK .]//i>:tr/r/i
n/nif mil Dehauiiincd Wiabi lui/id miiio bmiadi^i-
u/>/ epili^nan I thank the LonI that he still
^ives me good health in mv ajre. ) Epithium mi
kid (ipitL<? (Art thou of mv ajre,? M„ „,„ ,,,</.
X7.V (I am the oldest). Onddss uind onditd>< d
am the younjrest). .hiriifii sf.<ik,sid kinazia miicnj
(Of nijne^)? Who is th.- (dder of you two?)
Anin /ndus/mcdd kissaieiiiii/ Aniii ("luius/ihviid ki-
misseuii* (kishimeiuii)? \'''7n^'(ii^ n/m/ssn'uo, >,/s.<i-
U'dii' . ;/i His/iimeiao /k-ursnisi/n. Aniii n'ldasso-hi-
bonagisid sesikisid kissaie i k/fn/ssoy
A III 11 ^iid'isso-hihoiui}>isid mL-ashivic ciids/ii'i'd ki-
s/iiine kzvncisciis (ikiccsen:?) how •)ld is thy vounif-
est brother, (.uster)? /w kifrhi i>iiios cpithiian
(thou art very tall for thv a^re ).' AWv;/ na Paul
a-vaslnme sasik'sissi, Wil/iam das/i? (Is not Paul
older then William?) Kazi'in, oiidass -um ondddi-
si (No he is younfj-er. ) Aniii endasso'bif)(>)iai>isii(-
xueii ail' os/ikiiiii>iktic? Os/iki bimad'^i keiabi) a'ni-
sha dash gi'iuhi, (but she is tall.) iU-nitazviiri ni-
tazyiss. (My cousin is udu't.; Kazvin ma hi nita-
zvigissiziHig iiis/ii'missao- (my nieces are not yet a-
ilult, jrrown up. ) A'l/r/ii zvika azviia nongoin uiu-
gotzvak dasso-bibou bimadisL
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An in cni/(tsso'(/i/i(i/^<uiri'' (What litnc is it)?
.V/'ui^v iiihiii'i(auC(i, nijo'diotiimincd ut is one, two
oVlock. ) Jdij^ziii iicud la-'i'tihtiu (the (liiy-break
will soon jii)j)ear. ) Jiiii(-i'ii xvahan. (H^i^s bi->no-
kiKim (the sun is risin]^). /.<i/ipii>//i^ti(/ nu? /ui-
■win is/ipti>i/i^(i$siii<tn (It is not late in the morn-
inf^W keiiihi i'iiiiJclxiiL'dmuL Aki'h cpitclu-i>;ijiii^ado-
j^-wrti? How late may it be (in the day).' Sihvo-
i'-u'C nu jiiifi-A'ii? /untin nitishi ndwainrssinon (it
is not yet noon), (izvuiak ua-utikwe nongom. -(It
is lust notm now. ) (ui-is/ikziti-mhi'ai-urn/ii i^i-
nuui/'d. Xisso th'biu\i>anct'' ^la-is/il'zvu-ndzvahwcii
(three o'clock in the afternoon), hhpi^iji^dd na
kcidbi? (Is it early yet, speaking in the after-
noon.) Kaivin is/ipii>yii>d:fSi'non: /dii^-id dniond-
<>os/tt (it will soon be eveninif). Jai^zvu ond^o!>hi
lit is eveninjr. ) 'nbikiibamina^zvdd (it is twi-
lijfht. ) hhpitibikdd na (is it late in the night)?
KdZL'in I's/tpitibikassinon. Xibdtibik. Kitchi kas/iki-
libikdd 'it is a very dark night. ) Kazvin J4r!<(/
jiin zi'dbandausin, (I see nothing.)
Abitd-tibikdd iia Jdi^zt'd? Kazvin mas/if dbita-ti-
bikdssinon. Anin cpita-tt'bikadogzven? or Ani'n cpi
tch tibikddo^zvcn? .]fiddSSodibdiiiaticd sa ds/ii beji^
(it is eleven o'clock.) Abitatibikad ^zvdiak (it is
just midnight. ) ('lis/ikzia-dbiid-tibikdd noni>oni
(it is now past mid-night. ) (ri-is.hkzvd-abita-tibi
kak niu ga-vuidja. (rd-ishkzvd-abitd-tibikak nin gi-
niddja (I started after midnight.) (iaishkzvd-ahi-
td-tibikadiuig gi-madjd. Waiba na ko kid onis/ikd
kigijeb? Mojdo kitchi kigijeb nind onishka: jebd
eta kazvin zvaiba nin gi-onishkussi. Onishkdn, ni-
shini, Jaiiizva ei-zvaban. Ki kitimisfik; osam gin-
zvcni ki niha ko. Kazvin viashi midasso dibaigau-
^ssinon (it is not yet ten o'clock.)
.i,' /A..tifi,ou<n> (I have not woun.l it up.) \;.;/.
.////;/.r/ (when <l<,es the sun set?. Av^v. i.^At/
W./z/r;' ../ A/;/v/.v/,,,;/„. , h sets .t six oVu'v ,
,Z.':^|//r//(- Nn, rr/ .i,*7«r;;/;„ .we will ^r„ home .,r ex
act y seven ..Vloek. ) Kitrhl onijhhi u:r Ui/>,„./<i!l'
<n^a,kazv,n^s/.h ununv,,s{, ^n is ..hi. it is not
fca:jr,.(u.o,l,ka (it .s l.roken. , Xu„h,iiolh,ovn- „,.
i>'^'a dash m,so-d,ha,jrauci> uh, oa-hi-^R.^ u,hunva.
Aiioknviuninvay mnlassodihaiirau (ten hours) ,/-
uokizvag: (•ndajsoidjliiadiuia: \\ui„ dasi^o-dihaioa,,
(how many h-)urs) nehaiai, hHkakiu? Xhw„Ha^
sodib(iii>an sa „in nilni fnda$u>-tihikak. ' '
Auiunviipi xvasmiiieiT iko ki^ifeh? Xa/zrasso-d,-
da,i>a;iro sa. Al, ja/i>:ra zvi.'U'hsi„iia„<>.' (htia hi-
uavwdabin; biZL'idahimi<.hm (sit down here bv
my side.) Wegoneu oezi'i-aiaiau? (.'iuo uiu oad-
avwa (amzva) pauo,\ Mi ,ru- iiam/i^os.^ (tn'mt)
trw dash ahkame^ii ^ white fish.) .\„iu mizfd/rh
mtnzi'enimad? (which dost thou like hesf i 1^/.
kamcii^ »"J 'vi-amoa V(wi>ow. (hhki i>ii>o ua? (\^
It fresh fish?) hazvin: /izvitaoani-j^niio' azc (irorf
kifc/ti ouijtshi; kitcht mindpofrosi (it has an excel-
lent tr.ste.) Mami azi' pakzir/ipiw (take that
bread, )^^o,7:n p,f^,.,,,y/^.„ hllchi o,ii/ishizvao-
fakzt'ejijiansair (crackers); kitrhi miiiopaiio^izi-a^
.*,
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Kaxvin na opinig ki ivi-amoassig? Nin gi-mamag
sa; n'lnd among; nin kitchi minopivag (1 like ve-
ry much) opinig. Geget minopogosizvag kid opini-
wizt.'ag (your potatoes taste well.) Miskzualw
(chocolate) na ki zvi-minikiven? Nin wi-minikzven
sa. A in dash, makatd-inashkikizvabo (cbffee) nin
wi-minik-wen Azvenen ge-zi'i-niinikwed niakatc-
niashkikizvabo? Nin, nin zvi-minikzven pangi.
Bidon kid onagans; mi izv (that's enough;)
osam nibiiva ki mij (thou givest me too
much.) . Totoshabo dagvnan sisibakzvad gaic
(take some milk and sugar in it.) Minaiva na
ki zvi-minikzven? Bidon kid onagans (give me thy
cup.) Migwetch; ,mi izv. Anibishabo gaic oma a-
tcniagad; azvenen ge-minikzved? Migzvetch, kazvin
nin, nin zviminikzvessin. Kin dash, nidji? Pangi
nin zvi-minikzven, putigi go. Kitchi mashkau'dga-
mi (is strong) ozv anib>shabo. Nin minzvendan
mcshkazvdganiig anibishabo (I like strong tea).
Kazvin nin minzvcndansin (I don't like it;) azva-
shimc nin minzvendan tchi jagzvdgamig. Kazvin
mashi totoshabo-bimidc (butter) kid odapinansin;
kav.'in na zvika ki midjissin? Nin midjin sa ko:
pangi nin zvi-mamon. Kitchi pepangi ki zvissin.
Migzvetch, enizvek nibizva nin gi-zvissin (I have
e^teu considerably.) Nin -vi-madja dash nongom;
nin zvianoki; nibizva anokizvin nind aian nongom.
On the weather.
Anin eji'fijigak? (how is the weather?) Mino
gijigad na? Matchi gijigad na? Mino gijigiid sa
(it IS fine weather)." Matchi gijig(td sa. Niskad'
ad, kitchi niskadad, (the weather is bad very
bad.) Anakzvad; mrjakzvad (it is cloudy; the sun
shines) Agdzva gijig(Jd kabegijig (it is dark,
gloomy weather "all day.) Awan (it is foggy)
kazvin gisiss bi-nd^osissi. I\6din, kitchi nodin.
^oW) Czvekanrmad ith^ wind turned, shifteT)
•5^z;s"'./'"^"'' at hails., <;nu£:f':,}
(Hipnadjauin: kau'in dash uougom M^cZsi,^
u^in. AiTdzya Pnnnvan (it rains a little.^ Mn nil
^alnnvc, mn htcln nissabawe (I am all wet) / -
^i'mnu km, kt nhsdbazvessi? J// go .Jc nin \
\7.uJrT '\ ^'^' ^'^<'^'ofeon (umbrella ) Jd
<idj \iH ga-uadj (I am freezing.) .\7« takxi'akin.
':t'::^:i^„^^''^v^^^^ -^ ^rnumtd
with cold.) Pmdigeu, hiaunnou: hhkotewan oma
(there is a fire here.) Sogipo, soi^ip6ma,aL Zt
mangad^po (it snows thick). ""
Sag:aigan sihi\ gashkadm. Sdga,\ran gi-kitchi-
gashkadm. Aougom gi-hUzva-uaLfur^^uu rr -
joshkzcadae (skate.) Gegrt kitdii onijhhiuon uin
mhkivadaagamm (my skates) Jaig-zva ahaiva. /a-
hgoHigu (the snow is soft;) gou nwg/so. JaiLa
kyate. ,eget hjak: hltchi kijatc. Xhd ^iLds,
M-awat€g- ijada (let us go into the shade.) Ta-
kitchi-gimnvau, osam kijate. hltchi Cniakivad. Ki-
Mil anakivtid. lutchi zvassamoivan^ aniiuikig- Ani-
miknvan: uondagosiwag: onimilcia;. (rcget kitchi
animiki (what a clap of thunder). Pashkakzvaa-
fog-Riirossag ua animikig^? E, nange. Nibizva
hcmadisidjig o gosstlzvan auimikin. Kazvin nin zvi-
ka nin gossassig: Kego scgisiken; Jaigwa ishkwa-
ntskadad (the storm is already over.) Eshkam
'Ji*
Vi
ifi
.«*«
tv
^t.
:^t^^%f
miJak'Mud. Nin zvahandan nag'wiWah (rainbow).
Ali zuendji-kikdndatnino tchi mi no iiiji^nk. hitch i
minzuemfaiiwad gi-gi)nizL'(ini>\' osCim faii>-j.'ti bibiu^-
kamigadeban (was dry) aki; nongom dash zvezvcui
ta-nitdwiginou kitigdmin. AJis/ikika (is muddy)
nonoiwi i>i-»/mizi'(iUi>: Sduagad hitnoss<!ni> < it is
bad walking.
Conversation at dinner.
Jaigzva nazvakzve; bi-pindigen, ki ga-zvissininiin.
Bi-namddabin oma apdbizvining. Mina-wa bejig
tessindgxin atoiog- oma. Wiidss omi atemagad. Pi-
Jiki-zviidss (beef), pijikinsi-zviidss (veal), kokos/ii-
wi-zi-iidss (pork), zcazvashk^sJiizvi-xviidss (venison),
moko-wiias (bear-meat). Kin igo* mamon minik
menu'endaman. Kawin ki zt'issinissi, kid akos na'{
Kazv, I nind akosissi, nibizva nin zvissin. Opinig
aiazi'ag', tr/tiss (turnips) gaie oma ate. Wegonen
nawatch menzvendaman? Tchiss nin zvi-mamon. Ji'
witagan bidoiog gazvissagang (pepper) gaie; ka-
win ki giatossinawa addpozvining. Minazva zviidss
mamon. Mandan kokoshizvi-zi'iid&s^ kitchi minopog-
zvad '^ tastes good), nin gi-midjin pangi. /zu zca-
washkeshizvi-zviiass memindage (very) minopog-
zvad, zueweni gaie gijidemagad (\i is boiled well).
Nibizva zvazvashkesktzvan na o gi-nissdzvan tmishi-
ndbeg nongom biboninig? (jeget kitchi nibizva; be-
jig oshkinawe nomaia nijwasswi o gi-nissan zva-
zvdshkeshizvan. WazvdshkesJi izvi zviiass memindage
(very) minopogzvad; azvashime nin minzvcndan,
kakina dash anind zviiass (than any other meat).
]{dbosog na batainozvag oma? Kitchi batainozvag
(they are very numerous), kitchi zi'azi'ingesizvag
dash anishinabcg (are skillful) dassonazvad (in
trapping them). Pangi nin wi-amzva azv wabos.
Rinezvag (partridges) na gaie aiazvag oma? Aia-
zvag sa, naningim nind amzvantinig: lYibing (in
summer) dash ojuimig (pigeons) ta-osaminozvag
473
oma (there will be very many), hi ;>.,■;;//;///•:, r-
miH ga,c zt'issnnnnii^. MinikzLrda, uihi da^h kl
ga-mnukzvczvni, kaiviu -.vin /oiniuaho ( wine , ha-
/cina mamazvi ki i>{-mamomiH miuikzir^.i-ma^inai-
iiamni dash. Nni zi'tn ged-aiiobinu,dis,;ai7 uin zvi-
i>amnvcudan zvczvcni: mi i>o ^aie „in ( I. t<.f> ,
Mishnunuw gaie oma aiazian, ^■<' no ki da-am-
-vasstg? Am daavnvau sa. liejinominau. uiwmi-
mtg, uissomwg (/. 2. ;. » mishimimii.- uiu ui-am-
^iiU/C
uiidjin, ki-
■zi'ug. OdeimimiH ( strawberries 1
Chi iHiiainadon mm^om oma oe.ei. Mi,kzcim'iua<r
(raspberries) oa,e ta-hatai,wzvai^- mlootrh. l>av^n
uin u'l-am-vag- miskxviminau: Rdcdd mt ki zcia'Pa-
7W^/ Aazi'ni, miiizvetch: paui>i pashkiminassiva,,
pakzvejigan {x>XQ) uin zciamzco. W'ezveni i,in \i.
nazvakzLr-xvissDi. Mi go gaie niu.
(oucerniug the Chippezva lavguage.
'}pepsh zvezveui kikemiaman -vi-( Hrhipzvemoiau.
hitch, sanagad Otchipzvi^mnzi'i,, (Chippewa Jan-
^^j^^^)\ pang, n,n gashkito,, zi-i-()tchipzvih„oiau.
\\aiba nazvatch zvezvci ki gad-OtrhiMtrm ( speak
Chippewa) k,shp,H zvikzvatrhitoiau. Al„d a,w zvik-
t:v//r////r;// (althou^rh I trv) apitrhi kazcrssa da<h
uin gashh,loss,n. Wika i>am,hatrh iiin i>a-i>a^hki-
ton zvczvem tchi Otchipzv^moiou. Xi„ <f,d-(ffrhip-
ii'em mojag genoniud,,,',, (whenever I speak tc
thee) X75////;/ w//„-i.^„,/,,„;,,;/. J//i>r£r/r// „idn\ mi
ge-dodaman(i\o so), mi dash geoef zvaiha mizvatrh
tell, kikendamau. Reka nazvateh gioitoii, nilji
(speak more slowly), osam ki daddtabi fthou art
too quick) Xv/zcv;/ ,i,'V///«^r ahita ki „issitotossi„ov
ekk,to,a,i. An in ozt' e/iiiikadamozvad anishi,iabep'>
(How do Indians call that?) Ijiuikade ozv. (he
<iash, a„„i ejinikadcg? Mi ejinikadeg: iXin oad-
o),b,amm luizv ikkitozvinau ; niu zvi-ojibiamiu, mi
tma gaie ge-ondji'kikeudamitn Otehipzv6mozvi,i. Ka-
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:v//i nu inviia kid aiazvnssi gckikinoamokiban (t<;
teach thee) vwja^? lunvin mas/ii awiia nind aiCi-
-U'uss/, nni ^ad-anona dash uzviia gc-kikinoaminvid
' to teach me ) zvcweni. Kin ki gad-anoniu, kis/i-
piH wi-kikiiioaniazi'iian, cndassogiji^ak dash ki
i(a-hi-kikinoa))unv. E, ki nakomin sa (I prijmise
thee), aidasso-gijinak ki ga-hi-kikindamon. Wa-
haii^ii ^'' gi'-iiK'idJih'nnin. Xin da-kitchi-viin7vciida>h.
zvnibu tchi kikcndaman wczveni tchi Otchipzvimoi-
fin, vii sa i>zi'aiak tchi zvigagikimagzva (that I
may preach well) anishinahfg. Ki nissitoiazv (dost
thou understand me) ina kakina minik ckkitoiau
gendnindnin? (when I am speaking to thee?) En-
ange ka ki nissitoton zirzirni {1 understand thee
well.) Kakina nd anishim'ibeir ki nissiiotawag? Ka-
zvin kakina nin nissHotazvassig; bcheii^ eta (some
of them ) ;//// nissitotazvag; anind dash osani da-
ddtabizvag genojizvadjin (when the;, speak to me)
kazvin dash nin kikenimassig- ekkitmvagzven. Kish-
pin dash gauonidizi'ad (when thev speak togeth-
er) ki nissitotazvag na zveweni? I\ishf)in ganonidi-
zvad, kazi'in gzvetch nin nissitolazvassig : aivashinie
nin nissitotazcati ganojizvad (when tliey speak to
me.) Waiaba nauuifc/i ki gakikendan;' aidni>^zL'anii'
sin (endeavor) kcgo jdg\v(!nimoken (dont be dis-
heartened). Kazvin ninJai>zvdniinossi, kazvin i^aic
nin zvi-anijitansi.
On travelling by land in zi'inter.
Anin izmpi or-madjaiang? Jaigzva zvaiba ki ga-
mad ia II in; ojitdn (get ready. )" iV/«</ ojita, nind
'ipitchila (I am busy getting ready) Ki gi-gijiag
na nind dgimag? (my snow shoes). Kazvin mashi
gtjiass/zvag kid dgimag; anazi'i nin gi-wdiiinag
(made the frame for them) kau'in dash "mashi
ashkimdsossizvag (not laced). Azcenen dash ged-
ashkinidnad (lace them)? Xin zvidii^ema^dn a
-4/3-
///
gdil-ushktmanau 'uTiha>ii>. Xi„ inaiisiiian mi <>,
gilitchii^adewan? K, o <ii-oJitouci>i sa uinu^se: lun
gotwczvan (one pair), niju'czi'an, tiis^zceivan, niztr
it'ciu o gi-cjitonan. A/inaiwu (stockitijr, nins) ,.ai
iiin gibHionau, uiUi>ohL-ezva,i etc, i>ed-aion„i i lisc >
J\in imndjikinvaiiai( ( mittens ^. </<'>/// hhie' W;
gt-zvanikcmig (I forgot them,. Xin zci-'nui,.,,'
('i-is/ikziui-umimic-oyigak ^u ki i^a-nuuf/aniin. lCf-
gonen chis/i occi-ant-iicncdpoicino , what provisions
shall we take alonjr for our vovajre?, /u,ko^/i
piikzie/n>an i-aie ki i^anazvapomin, zn/uss <niie kt
ga-mnviipomni (take along- on our vovajfc?. <';/,/.
so ua (izL' kokosh, pakzvejioun !>aie'f i^ijide nn zvii-
msi luizvni mashi; azvasszvCdnain- nhiiisse o oa-oj.
sissiiHin (boil) kokoshim, pakzvqi^iDuiu i^aicf zr/i-
ass nuie o gishsan. Amhe, mCidjada: iii'n zci'hdo/d.
don (tie) ;//;/ bnnizvuiidn (pack). Ataiu! kitrhi
kosigzvun nin bimiz'.amin. /u 7iiCidJidoii (cvLVT\))ia
kakina go zva-iiioiiiui>? -^fi j^o kakiii" , itiud ' iiieii-
dam; akikons (a little kettle., oudoaiisan. moko-
mamiu zvai>akzvadons. Kazviu ua ar'uv ki zian/kr^-
SDi? Ishkotensan i Sakais/ikotazi-aziuan (matches.
na gaie kid aiauan? /i, atezvav, viddjada.
(ham ki kijikamin. Osam, ki hesikamiii. h'azLiu
gzvaiak kid aui-ijassimiu ( we don't g-o in the
right (\\x^ci.\on\)' zvedi i^oslw : hide.' i>egt'/: i>rua
tun i>i-zvaiiis/iiii, />VXv/.'' (stop! ) nin zi-i-mini'kzcrn
nihi oma. Xin kiiciii » ishkdha ozve: osdm nind ah-
■zves (sweat). Keao osdm nibiica nihi minikzci'ken.
kego i>aie gon amzvdken (don't eat snow), i>oni-
ma zvaiha ki gad-aickos. Mikandzvan (is there a
road, trail) na mojag ejaiano (where we are go-
ing-.i*) Anawi mikandzvan; agdzva (scarcely) dd^li
tiai>zi'ad; os-nn gi-sdgipo nomaia. Anin? Kid aie
kos na? Kazvin viasfii nind aiekosissi, nin niino
himossd. Mino bimossczvinagad (there is good
walking) oma, onijishin, /iheiamagad (there is n^^
It
!
14 !h
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1
f fi
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-41h-
utlderwood) Oma dash kitchi sasaga (there is
much underwood); geget sanagad bimosseng; Jakfi-
gonaga ^.the snow is soft); ishpiigonaga (the
snow IS deep.) Kazuin
(there is no trail here);
jaii(zva gi-iva n ish in a fig.
oma viikanc'rwausiiion
ki ga-iviinishinhnin. Mi
Geget sanagad. Beka!
for) mikana. Mi oma!
ga bitnossessimin ,'
IS approaching).
shall we camp?)
(hua gahdsh id a ;
N^ni ganandonean (look
Ondass! (come here!)
Jaigzva nawakve; nakazve -^'issinida. Haw! Xin
ga-bodawe ; anibishabo nin gad-ojitomin. Nawatch
nind aiekos; (at the same time, also) nind akosin
bejig nikad. Kawin ginwenj ki
jaigzva ani-onagoshi (evening
Anindi s^e-gabcshiian^! (wheie
Kazvin ningotchi oni/ishitisinou.
onijishin oma. (weget gonika, ishpdgo)iaga; kitchi
nibizva gon nin ga-zvebina tchi ojitotdn i>abcshizi'in.
Jingobig nin zvi-mamag (I will take spruce
boughs), nin zvi-bokobinag; nibizva nin wi-mamag,
zveweni tchi api'^himonikcidn (to make a good
bed). Nibizva vianissen, nidji, takissinamagad ga-
nabatch tibikad (the night will perhaps be cold);
takissintibikad. Mi i'X' gc-debisseg miss.in (that's
enough wood). Bodazvida (let us make fire); tchi-
bdkzveda; (let us cook) zvissinida. Agddon (hang
u^j) nin makisinan, nind ajiganan gaie tchi bdteg
(to dry). Gazvis'himoda, jaigzva ishpitibikad (the
night is advanced). Ambe! Onishkdda; jaigzva
gega ta-zvdban.
Wezveni gi-batewan nin makisinan, nind ajiga-
nan gaic. Mddjada. Wdssa na keiabi ejaian^? (Is
it yet far where we are going?) Keiabi nijing ki
gad-ani-nibdmin, mi sa, nongom ondgoshig, zvdb-
ang gaie; azvasszvdbang dash ki ga-dagzvishinimin
(we will arrive). Wezveni ki bimossemin kabe-gi-
jig. jaigzva gega ta-pangishimo gisiss (sun will
T
sot). Utissu nougom ki }ii-dai>-.vhhiuimlu uvc
have come tar today.) Wczvcui mhunva o/itoda
^^-r/z^r^/z/Tt-,// (camp), (hiishkdda, madjada: khlifin
apitchi kijikaiaui^; (if we walk vervfast) von'om
umi^osJiti, ki ga-ualnnidamhi 7fakai<>an ciaZnio
(the house we are jroin^r to). .\7,; da-kitchi-nim.
-vendam tchi oditauiCui (K, reach) rrr/Xv/zW;/ non-
gom. Jaig-K'u hes/iozvad 7vakaii>(ni; kciabi nijo di-
Intjgan. Mi -urdi ztdkaigan (there is the house)
A in kitchi minivcndiim.
Tniveliujii h' '^'ntfr in stimmct.
Anmhvapi gc-hosiiaug; nidji? Endogzvcn (I
(lont know). Wika gamihatc/i tiiii, ,iin ga ho^-
kazvm nind otchimaui&si. Ki zvi-ojiton mi dash k/
tchimun? (iegei, zvaifni uin zvi-o/iton. A/nnaoad
zi'igzvdss (birch-bark); zcu/xini^ dihh uin zci-pas^sai-
gc. (cut and split cedar wood to make a canoe )
Ki UHnvinges (skilful) uidji, trhimCmikeian. Me-
ZL'i/a (long time) cko-tchimanikciau (since I make
canoes). Endassunihin (every summer) ;///, ///>->-
zvi gate nind ojitouan tchimauan. (uiic uin\ nidji\
ojitaniazvishikan (please make for me) tchimCin;
zvcweni ki ga-dibaamoti. Xin gad-ojiton set; apitrhi
zvczveni nin zvi-ojiton; g-zvunatch (nice) zviowass
nind aian (I have). Waiha ojitokan (please "^n:ake
it soon) nidji; mi izv gcd-aioidn nongovi nibiui>;
(this summer) Wassa nin zviija: 'i>inzi'en; nin
gud-incnd. (I will absent long.) Cc^ct -waiha nin
gad-ojiton. Ki bi-zvaba ..,7 Irhimdnilceian ; ^ege^ ki
wazvingcs. Anin, nidji! jaigzva na ^i-gijitchi tra-
de nin tchiman? Anazvi kakina gi-giji'tchif>ade,
kazvin dash niashi t>igikadessin(>n (there is no
pitch yet on it). Uabang- nin wi-figikadan (I
will pitch it tomorrow.) Mi ozv ki tchiman; ki
minzvendam ina? E, nin min-wcndam; onijishin
sa\ songanodog (I suppose it is strong). Ow ki
\
ii
■ ■
;;
I:
KI
\
-478-
.V
Maama^ozviu. (here is thy payment). }n^iizvclch,
nidii. 'fczvcni ki dibaam.nv. Mva^^^valnni^mn i^a
hoi khhpin an-vCiting. < if it is cal.n. ) ^l:>s-n "
ii/s/inifi/>rji III" ii'i-aiioua^-; hc/'i.
ta-odake
(I-
(will
steer), ,i// dus/i ta-trhimezvai>- (will paddle), hni,
Paul, ni'tam (first) li t-ni^zvedinmn. k, zvimumi-
oo^ mi? (wilt thou be hired?) (.niti'aij uin gad-
%nid: uiio ^hi^s gdnalnitrh. /u nakomm (I pro^
niise thee) ki uad-adazcaawm sa (I will embark
with thee.) MinazL'u dash. Paul mj ■ imunvaK
namhnvabam (hunt for) ^''*^/7"'''''''"VT''?f!'nnd\'
embark with us). Sin ^^i-mtka-wai, <I ^ave fc.un )
;;// oshkimtzve^■. Xita-irfn„iCivair ua? (are thcN
jriod padlers?) Apilchi sa. lunvni ua >'<''[<'''' ,<J;.
)mi/ishiusiuon tciii ajehoinaui^f (to rov.^). J^c^i^rf
daouiiishiu: azi'ashimc sa kijikam ((.ne goes) ajc-
hoicni i'.v dash irhimcug (one goes faster rowing
than nadling). Xi'i u:<idoJ,touau uijzvatig {i\\o)
'^.iZka,r(o^s;)'ab.-i <'<f,^^f]^^j^/^;;
aian. Ifinvl Htni : kzi'izviseusidoii: bosida. hitr/i
"hiiu (it is very calm). Bosi/o,o^^- J-ak'ua. .\/j
niaudan ki uazcapoauiuau (our provisions)- ...^U'
kwadM^"'^ bositoioo, ouagauau, h uibagauuuuin
oaie kud-iua o'o (eVery thing). Mt kahua gn-bos-
IrLadeo- ,all is now put aboard). luiwm mash,
kakiuo )^ositchi^adessiuou; mi otv Jafaoni'caauega-
miii (tent); bosiioioa. Bidou. mdji John, oma aton
(put it here). Mtchi auzvatiu gcgef zvezveui aje-
IndeioiT^ kzvizvisfusidog: Eshkam^ ;;.,r//;/ (there is
more'Vnd more wind); minzvauimad (the wind i^
fair); ki ira-himdshimiu. Patdknug mugasswwm-
L.V put'up the mast) ombakobtij.geo (hoist the
^■s.\\) Ataich <;egeikikijiiashtmni (we are sail-
ing very fast.) Wezveui odakcu (^teer) Pau>: ga^
nazi'cudau tchimau. Eshkam htcht uoduv. eshkam
.raic mamangdshka (the sea runs higher and
higher). Bosizva^ tigozuag- (waves come in). Jat-
WWk
A'wv/ ^::r/v/;//;//,/./ (the wind shifted) /;/;/,?/.>;//„>•,,
ake down the sail), /a-kifr/iisanaom/; ..jniZaa
(let us save ourselves) Sihi na ifa'uo />rs//o' (is
there an V river near?) Iliv// XvA/// ".v//,/.- „,/ ,;.,//
,Kedinni,j,moian^ (we will Hv there). Mi r'rdi
f cm/, grd-iiiiiziraman (st>er for that phue) r//.
M-et gzfamnrh sihi; „h, min-vnulam oma aianiNi,
(I am jrlad that we are here), /-s/dam kitrhi „o.
<fni\ iHi'u'i/ch omiin (it blows from the lake) Ki
ichi gouUnig-xiad: Xa, niuakxvak kitrhiuawi} (see
how the lake looks!) (ihnveu} i^amihatrh !un,ilch
hi-omiin; gnnvcuj ki ,iiti-ji/>/K^s/u<n>t>,h/in, (wo will
be lonir wind bound) (w/o. Patakiiioiou (put up
the tent, papai>;ht.',iiaueoamin, kzciu-isnishhi'- /„.
Mnnruum; kitchi anakzvad: PindiuadoiW^ onui
(bring in here) kakimi kid uiimiiuiu'i,, (our
things;) /d k//r/n-tj/sk(idird. TrhimCiu ^aic iiopim-
niiT mncatrh a/oioi^, trhi zirhassiiio'ii- (lest the
wind carry it ol.) Jaiozva ni/oiion ki oinissinao-
Momni {vfQ are wind UmmX)' oma; •wa/uatn uaiia-
batch k, i>ahosimin. Kitchi kini/ef, ki na-ho'simir
kishpin innvdtini>. ('oshkosiion- (waUc up!) kzc-izc-/^
sensidojj-! onishku^-, anzvatiii,' ki i;(i/)osimi>i. Tchi-
mavian uijouag (two) uiud zvahauddnau ziedi. A
jada, iru'izvahamadi'niii^ zvedi bemishkadjia;. Hoio '
Bojo! Anindi wendjilniicii? (Where do" vou come
from?) Bazvititio- sa\ kinazvu dash? iVikzirdoiK-
nnid ondjibamiu.^ Auin cuakdmii>;ak Bazvitinii;?
hazi'in niugot. Xij abiuodjiiao ^i^uihozuao- uouiaia
hlu bakademiu niuazviud. Paul asham kokoshati
pakzvejiganau gaic (Paul, give them pork and
flour). O, migzvetch: Miozirtch! (,'enet tiiii i>a-
ininozvisssinimin. Xin inau^pzvamin (have no "to-
bdvTCo) a^aic uinazvind. (he asscma (here is tobac-
co. )'j;^, zcendjita! (that's right!) ircQ^et ki dcbii-
vim. fyou make us happy indeed. )" /?r>>.' bo/o.'
madjag! wad jag! (Good d'ay! farewell! farewell!)
I
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480
(uihailti, i:iru'/sriis/i/o^-\ /u/iiwu um'ouui'os/i/. AC'
i>v ivedi i^ahassidir, o^dni assiniku. (hiui ^nbmUi,
niittni'aii^ii onia (it is s;irnly here). y»V|,'W i>zlu
natch i>tihhi'iH (this is in<lee<l a tine hind in jf
\AAce.) Kishpin ainvCitiiii>- xvilhan^-.jioitima jiioif
minzL'tiniiiiiik, mi zi.-ahanf> trhi dc'm!jn^iiUin^ (ar-
rive) odeuauu;. Hoaida; niinziuniinud; ki unicmia-
noi^iinin {\\\<Vs). Ki kitchi kijia^himin (sail fast)
Inimni'ti. Esfikam uKifiKii/^ds/ika (the sea runs
higher and hi},^hcr). Xitid I'ikos, iiin imifijidec (I
am scM sick); ini ii/o/ai>- endiitiu, kishpin fnd/udt/-
<Ca.</ikaic. (>ci>rt saiui^ad izv inatijidecxiiir, apeai',!
Ivai ha' mi /a I'll in 111». Wuiaha ki i>(i-miiai>dmin (we
will soon "arrive); mi zirdi odena ejiiiitni!; {\\\Qr^
is the village, to which we are goiiiK-) ^Vi,'r/
;//;/ minzLriidamr (So i. Barag;i's conversa-
tions).
/;/ a store.
/Jo/0, )iindiini>zir\ auindi c/aitin? AUm'ezvigami-
<roni> nind ijd.' h'id ineiidtim "" ^^^" '^''^{l''^'"^^^}-
/r, liant'e; i^uie niu, nind ineuiumihan tifazirzvt^-
umii>onii zifi-ijaidn. Amb^ssatio ijada! Taga! i\tn
<>i'zvanikeu nin joniia mo$hkimodcn$; wnvih nin
'^oa-naditi, bekish i>(iie nin zi'iandJikwtnKiie, Xon-
i>om tiind ojita.
Anin ouikdmigak, nimiaugzve? Onijishin emika-
misrak. Xomaiagi-balHi-i>ios$e nin nabem, nissu-i
dash zvazvdshkcshizvan o'gi-nissan. Enizvek mbnva
'Miiiiss nind aiamin nongom i>r-midiiiano. Mmazva
ozv ki zt'indamon: heii^u: Kitclii Mokomanan o i(i'
ononiiiOH nin nabem kabe-nibin tchi anokia ninv o
kitlodnlnimr, Anin minik eji-debaamagod ki -vidt-
i>€)nagan? ^ Bejigzvabik sa 6d Hi-dibaamagon Kitrhi
Mokomanan 'cndassoi>iJig, minaziui gate nissini( od
ashamigon cndasso-i(iJii>iidinig .
-481-
Jaigwtt kid oditamin atiiweu'ii>amig. (iunalxitrh
iwidoe atawewinini, fakiikossin ishkwaudem, pin-
difreauy Bojo^ john, oojo Marie. Xindangue nin
gaie, nin ivigis/rpinadomin anotch gff^o, kishpin
eniivek wenipanak kid aiiman. Kawin osam 'ua-
gassinon nind aiiman. Uegoncn zva-aiaian? uiia-
man?) Ningotwc-u>an makisinan nin wi-aitiuan?
Ooiv! Anin minik enagindcg onuw makisinan?
NiJTvahik ashi ahita. Osam agassawan; nin ma-
mangisid>?; wabandaishin bekdnakin; oozv! /iisikan
gontma winokamagadodogenan, (r'egct minokama-
gadon. Anin minik enagindcg? Nijvabik ashi
ningotwasso-joniians {■$2.j^) Nin ga-mamdnan.
Abtnodji-wiwakzvan kid aianl Oozv.' Xit/da'iiss,
bisikan ow wizvakwan; minokamagad na? Kawin
m>nokamagassit:on, osam mitcha. Oozv brkdnak na-
zvatch egassae. Mi izv mrnokamagak, kawin dash
sasega-zviwakwan^ nindawatch bckdnak nawatrh se-
segak wabandaishin.' Wcdi agode bejig sascga-.vi
zvakwan. (ieget minokamagad. Anin minik zva-in-
agindamawiian iw wiwakwan? Bejigwabik eta ashi
aoita ki wi-inag indamon. iVin ga-mamon\ weweni
ta-wiwcginigade masinaiganing. Waazv ioniia ki
dibaamagowin.
Kin dash, Jennie, anin wa-aiaman? Bebinesid
pakwejigan nin wi-aiawa (ningotoshkin.) Onijishi
na azv pakwejigan"} Geget kitchi onijishi wendisi
gaie. Anin minik epitendagosidl Nijwabik mi epi-
tendagosid ningotdshkin. Xin ga-mama. Nin wi-
aiawa gaie nijtana dasso-dibabishkodjis^an kokosh,
ntinawa ashi nano-dibabishkodjigan kokosh-bimide,
jiwitagan sissibakwad gaie nin wi aian memidasso-
' dibabtshkodfitran. Anin minik epitendagwak kakina
memoianl Nanwabik inagindemagad. Wabang ki-
gijeb ki gabi-aj'inamon; kawin nongom nind oj6-
niiamissi. Mano, mamon kakina, wabang dash we-
weni bi-ajinamawishin, Ambe madjada. Osam it
I'
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i I
^
i;
""^'.■F
k
kijika^ nindangwe, mono nindawatch besikadti; em-
wek nin kosigowane.
Bojo, Thotna! bojo, John! Anindi wendjibaian't
Endaian gwaiak mud ondjibu. Namadabtn oma,
MioweUh\ nin wewibis\ mino gij'^i^ad; nin wtgtos-
se. \^abandaishin anind pashktsiganan. Oow! Antn
minik enagindegwen ow bejig pashktsigan Asht
nanwabik inagi'demagad ow pashktstgan. Osam
nibiwa kid agtti 'taw, kawin gwetch nind ojomt-
amissi; midasswuoik ki wi-dibaamon ashi ntsswa-
bik. Mono ntamon, dibaamawishin dash ashi niwa-
bik. Ate na atwtch pashkisigewinf Ate sa^ mi sa
makate, anwin, anwmsan gate. Nin ga-mamon mt^
dr -so-dibdbishkodjigan anwin, nano'dtbdbtshkodji-
fan anwinsan, gaie niodibabishkodji^an ma-
ate. Anin mtnik enagindegl Mtdasswabik
ashi nijwisswabjk, mi mtnik. Kid aian na tw
pashkwigino-gibodiigwasson gaie pashkwegtno-ba
bissikawaganl Nind aianan sa. Anin minik eptten-
dagwak onowl Midasswabik ashi jan^asswabtk.
Osam sanagagindewtiir, mano kawin ntn ga-ma-
mossinan. \Vaaw kijosiiam. Boj'ofbojo/ madjanf
madjan!
Kin dash, Johnny, wegonen wa-aiaiant Bejigo-
minag mishimin nin wiaiawa'y oow bejig osawabt-
kons. Kin dash, J'Mnie'i Assabab nin ntn wt-atan
gaie midasswi jabontganan. Anin minik enagtndeg
kakina iwl Nij jonitan^ag. Nin dash nirgotwewan
ajiganan nin wi-aian. Ashi nanan osawabikonsan
tnagindewan. Kin dash, Henry, wegonen iw nen-
dawendamanl Ningotwewan mitigwaktstnan ntn
wi-aianan. Oow. Songamn na? Geget songanon,
omjishin iw pashkwegin. Nin ivi-gosikanan. Nin
mamangiside; mino fcamagadon. Anin enagtndeg!
Nixvabtk.
v-aiBSfc-.'.'^uii^"' I. ■■itXiM.jm^'SM
-483
On a sick call.
Aweucn idog ^apapa^akzvaii>eii7Lr)rf Xiu zvi-pa
kakonan ishkzvandem. 2\oss.c, bejiir inini kitrhi a-
kosi; ki nandazvnihnig. Xin gfig- dash tclii bi-zfin-
damonan. Kid inenimig ki pagosseniiuio- i>(iir trhi
awi-wahamad. Azvenen dash \nv aiakosid't Mi su
nidjikizve, ^[anooijig. Anin cnapined': Kitrhi /a^-.
zvizvi; mcwija akosi; ossossodavrwapiue. Anindi ai-
dawad Nanogiji^l Nagwassa nopiming mi ima
endaziHid. hi uu ani-wid/'izfin, uosse, tcht kikiuoa-
monan mikana. Ki nanisauenima mi aiakosid/ (,\-
fet, nosse, nin kitchi nanisauenima, ta-nonde-nibodog
zya ona^oshig. Kejidinc nin gid ijanan azv aiako-
Sid. Tchi bzva madjaiang- dash, nin zt'i-pindii>e an-
amiezLo'gamigong tchi manwidn kitchitzva luikaris-
tiwin gaie izv anamie-bimidc gaic dash anutch ba-
kiin gego gedaioidn', biishin onui.
Nonqom nin gijita\ ambe madjada. Xiganin,
ningzviss, tchi kikindamazfiian mikana. Dadatabida
nazvatch tchi gessikazvag aiakosid. (ham ki kijika\
■zvezveni bimosseda, kego dash bimibatossida. Xind
akizvesiizv\ kawin keiabi nin nita-bimossessi, mano
nosse, nin ga-takonan ki mashkinwdens. Mano.,
mano, nin, nin gadani-takonan; kitchi nangan.
Kin dash agazvateon anitakonan; gana batch ta-gi-
miwanodog. Kcgo dash nibizva gaganonidissida a-
ni-bimosseiang; anamide anamiada tchi gessikazvag
aiakosid bwa ishkzca-bimadisid zvezveni tchi odapi-
nang kitchitzva Jazvendagosizvinan.
Ninidjaniss, nazvatch besikada; nind aiikos;
mano atchina oma namadabida tchi anzvebiiang.
Pasigzvida, minazva dash zvezveni bimosseda; nind
ishkzva-aiekos nongom; ambi. nazvatch zvezvib bi-
mosseda zvaiba tchi dagzvishinang ejaiang.
Inashkd sibif Anin ejinikadeg izv sibi? Batotig-
iveiag sibi mi ejinikadeg. Ate na aj'ogan? Ka ge-
i^o ajo^an. Uedi dash aiamagad nin tchiman; rve-
Tvnii ki gadajaivaonin. Kego segisiken; nin nita-
tchhne; hosikan tckimaning nosse, nassawaii doih
namadabikau; kego anihesseken; gwaiak namada-
bin; keeo segisiken; kawin ki ^a-pangishinsi nibi-
kang. Mi juigwa agaming. Wedi gabada, kawin
oma, osani assinika, wedt oni/ishin eabewin. Xin-
giviss, nin ivi-pasigwi; mindjiminan tchiman-
Nongom zveweni nin gi-gaba. Beka, nosse, nopim-
ing nin -wi-aton tchiman ; mi gwaiak.
Minawa zvewibitada. Kid onsabandan nu wakai-
gan ejaiang? Kawin mashi; awassadjiw mi wedi
endawad Nanogijig. Ogiddkiwemo mikana. A'on-
gom ogidaki kid aiamin; mi wedi Nanogijig en-
dawad.
Niganibaton, ningwiss! Mekatewikwanaie gega
dagwishin, ki gad-inag endawad eiadjig; mi wedi
Jaigwa baddssamossed. Marie, wewib tchigataigen,
binitchigen; Boj'o, nossinan, bojo! Ki pagossenimt-
go tchi anamietawiiang. Marie, bidon adopowinens
wagidjaii dash atou adopowinigin, gonima banak
nibagunigin. Minawa aton pangi banogamig nibi
emikwanens gaie; bidon gaie anamiiwabo tchibai-
atig gaie. Sakaan amo-btmide wassakwanindjigan.
Ml iw. Nongom mano tasagaamog wenibik pin-
dig eiadjig tchi webiniged dash aiakosid. Ambi,
bi-pindigciog kakina minik endashiieg, otchitchin-
gwanitag dash, weweni gaie a amia^ megwa daji-
kawag aw aiakosid, kin dash Marie ki gawidokas
api anamietawag ki nabem.
Alngwiss, anin eji-aiaian? Nosse, nin kitchi akos,
agawa nin bimadis, ki nanundomin dash tchi mi-
jnan kitchitwa Eukaristiwin, tchi anamie-notninii
an gaie. Ki gashkiton na tchi gondaman kitchitwa
Ostiwin? Nin gashkiton sa. Ki gi-jishigagdwe na?
Mewij'a, nosse, nin gijishigagowe, nongom gij'i-
gak dash kawin nin gi-jishigogowissi, kawin gaie
1
3^. , 'r
nm maufideessi. Tdwanin, niu^zviss, sapidenani-
zvinin; mt gzvaiak; ^ondan kitchit-anr Ostizi'in-
■ ISosse, bate nin denaniw; niamon izv nidi oondan
■wewent. Mi tzv, nosse, wezveui nin i^i-Ponlui ki-
tc/utwa Ostiwin. Weweni anamietazv^ Jesus ira-tin-
dtgeshkok ktdeing. ^ '
Marie, {gagitchi) gisikanurw ki widiirevicwan
{od ajiganan.) Pangt ivawinisida, nosse; niano
wezvib nin ga-kisibigisidena. Mi g-uHiiak; mi nv.
Ninidjaniss, mami tchibaiatig kinindjing, viind-
jtmtn weweni, ganawaba^ dash debeudjiged euod-
Jtng tchibaiatigong Pagosshiim Kiji- Manila ' tchi
webmamok kak -^a ki hatddowinan gaie bahidozvi-
nensan, gaie . wewib oddpinik gi/i^ong, kish
ptn endniminogwen mano tchi niboian. Mi zva-
ijitchigeidn, nosse.
Nongoni nin gi-ishkwata. Migwetch iji Debend-
J\^^., g^-J(i'^^nimik ^i-wabamad mekatewikwanaie.
Jajibendan; odapinatnaw Kije-Manito onindjino
mtnik keiabi ged-ani-kotagitoiart. Kishpin dash
ginwenj keiabi bimddisiwanen, aiapi ki ga-bi-wa-
bamin tchi webinigeindn tchi minimln gaie kitchi-
twa Jawendagosiwin. Bojo, bojo, nosse, mad/an/
madj'an !
Conversations with different persons.
Bojo, nosse! Nin wi-nasikawawa mekatewikwan-
aie. Geget onijishin, nikaniss, wa-ijitchigeian. lu
ga-pakakonamon ishkwandem anamihvigaviis^ong .
Ambi, bi-pindigen, wedi dash awi-otchit'chiugzvani-
tdn, anamian, nandgatawdnindison gaie. Xosse,
nin gij'ita, ki wi-nasikon nongom. Mi gwaiak;
pindtgen endaji-webinigeng. Kego segisiken; we-
weni dibddodan kakina ki batadozvinan; kego ka-
doken ganage hejig. Osam ki daddtabi, ningzviss;
beka go gigiton, weweni tchi nissitdtonan. Mii^-
iJ^^^
486
Tveic/i iji Kije-Manito ^i-juwenhnik tchi mtno ive--
binigeian. Enigokodeetan anwenindison, ginishki-
ad tejewadisid Koss gijigong ebid ga^mino-dodok
ajbitie mojag hinish nongom, ga-niigiived tibinaive
Ogwissan oaiejigonidjin tchi nihotok tchibaiatwong.
Mi aw ga-nishkiad^ ga-matchi-dodawad, ga-kitcni-
kashkendamiad ^aie. Bekish mashkazvendan tchi
-wi-kitchi-undji bmwdisiian, Weweni g.iie ijitchigen
kotagiidisowin ga-mininan non^om. Waiba bi-we-
binigen minawa. Mi wa-ijttchigeidn, nosse.
Nosse, ki bi-ganonin ondji aw ninidjaniss. Geget
ka-win ir.ino aiassi; otchipinigo naningotinongy kitchi
naningim mawi; aiafi akoshkade, mojag o daji-
kan odjanj; kazvin weweni nibasst. Makij'a ogeja-
fimidog kinidjaniss; mij ogejagimi-niashkiki, ma-
ija o ga-minokagon. Kego pagidinaken tchi bi-
mossea nibikang kema gate gonikang. Kiskpin
dash wi-niino-aiasstg, a-wi-nandom wewingistd
mashkiki-u/ininini, ged-iji-kikinoamok dash mi
zuezveni ge-iji-dodawad kinidjaniss.
Nosse, geget nin kttimagis, nin bakade, ninidja'
nissag gate hakadewag. Ka gego anokiwin, kawin
awiia joniia, kawin gaie gego nin wi-awiigossi
atawewinini ; osam nibiwa jaigiva ki masinaamav;,
nind ig. Geget, nikaniss, ki kitimugenimin. Anawi
kawin gaie nin, nind ojoniiamissi ; ki wi-Jaweni-
min dash eji-gashkitoian. Wabang kigijeb bt-anokit-
awishin; ki minin dash ow masinaigan ged-awi-wa-
bandaad atawewinini. Ki ga-minig dash kokoshan,
pakwejiganan, wiiass, anibish, sisibakwad gaie.
Migwetch, nosse, kitchi migwetch gi-Jawenimiian.
Wabang kigijeb weweni ki ga-bi-anokiton.
Nosse, ki bi-windamon ejiwebisid nin widi^emagan.
Geget matchi ininiwi; kawin wi-anokissi; wawika
go anoki, kishf in dash gego geshkitodjin anokid, ka-
kina o banadjiton, o minikwadan, kawin ganage be
-487-
ji^wubik osawahikons nin niinigossi; pabige kitcht
ntshkadisi pangi anzvenimag, pukitean adopowin,
o higwaanan onaganau, gaie nin pakiteogonan^
nin nindjanissan gaie. Nomaia giuehan isfipitibi-
kadinig kitchi ghvashkxvebid, mi dash gaiii-paki-
teod, ^a-iji-sagidjiwebinid endaiang\ kobe-tibik ag-
watching nin giaia, nin iri-kitchigikudj dash;
nind ossossodam, miskwi gaie nin 'uebinan (sikwa
dan) naningotinong. Nindaniss^ gcg<^( ^' kitimd-
genimin. Weweni nin ga-ondjiganona ki nabeni.
None^om dash weweni giwen, bisan dash anokin
endaian. Kego nishkadji-nakivetawaken ki widige-
ma^an, gego inik. (raganodamaw dash naniugim
Kije-Maniton tchi minigod andjidec-win^ andji-iji'
webisiwin gaie, Minn ganoj gaie tchi bi-nasika-
wid, nin ga-mino-^anona (/ash tchi bonitod o ma-
tchi minikwezvin.
Bojo, nosse, nin mimvendam zvabaminan. Ccget
kitchi sanagad eji-webisiiang endaidng. Nin widi-
gemagan kawin mino ikivewissi. Kazvin bisan aias-
si endaidng; kabe-gijig baba-ija^ babamatchi da-
jinged. Kitchi matcni ijiwebisi, dajingeshki, kiti-
mishki gaie. Kawin weweni o ganawenimassin o-
nidjanissan. Babd-oddminowag megwa anantiang^
kawin ijassiwag anamiang, kawin gaie kikinoama-
ding. Gego inagwa ninidjanissag\ anwenimagwa,
basJianjewagwa gaie, kitchi nishkadisi nin widige-
magan, anotch gego maianadak nind inapinemig.
Gimodi minikwe gaie, o ganonan gaie matchi ini-
niwan. Gashkiag joniia enigok anokiidn ishkoti-
tashkibddjiganing pabige o banadjian iniw joniian
osam sasegakwanaied, gonima o gishpinadon gego
ketchi-sanagag indenig, gonima wabmotchitchag wan
ima afine tchi ganawdbandisod, gonima seniba^
gonima bakan gego ningot endbadassino^. Kawin
nin sd^iidissimin, naningim nin gikandimin-, nin'
dawatch nin ga'bakewina, Ningwiss, kego bakewi-
1 A
» 11
1 ^*
f \.
488
naken ki widigemagan. Ki gianamie-widigendim
endssamid mekatiwikwauaie .'ma anamiewigami-
gong. Kego bapish inendangen tchi naganad ki
widigemagan. Mano nin ga-mino-ganona tcht and-
ii-hnnadisid. Mino Hi tcht hi-nasikawtd gate fa-
^ossenim Kije-Manito tchi jawenimtne^ netcnj.
Gaie dash km ninidjaniss, beka ^o mojag gano;
ki widigemagan; kego wika pakttewaken, bomton
gaie kin kakina gego maianadak.
f9^-:fjm
'm^iR
INDEX.
»»
Preface Page I
Important preliminary remarks I
Proper pronunciation of Chippewa letters 4
Important remarks on the fret^uent identity and
similarity of terminations existing between
the nine conjugations of the Chippewa verbs. 4
Lesson 1. First Conjugation. Verbs end-
ing in a
2. Verbs of the first conjugation,
whose characteristic vowel is e
3. Verbs of the first conjugation end-
ing in the characteristic vowel /
4. Verbs of the first conjugation,
whose characteristic vowel is o
5 The impersonal termination, indica-
tive mood
6. Verbs expressing possession
7. On the "Second-third-person" as
subject of the verb
8. First conjugation. Negative form
9. The Imperative Mood, affirmative
and negative form, of the first con-
jugation
10. The Subjunctive Mood, affirma-
tive form, of the first conjugation
11. On the Subjunctive Mood, nega-
tive form, of the first conjugation
12. On the "Change" of the first
vowel in verbs and prefixes
t)
12.
U..
V).
22.
24.
26.
29.
3f).
43.
48.
50.
61.
\\
PC
»1
»1
♦ I
?♦
i>
»»
M
»»
>»
»»
M
70.
77.
83.
90.
99.
490
Lesson 13. Participles of the affirmative
form, I Conjugation.
14. Participles of the negative form
of the first conjugation
15. On the form of expressing perio-
dical actions, events, or states of
16. Chippewa nouns, mode of distin-
guisbi 3 g^ender, division into ani-
mate and inanimate nouns
17. Verbs ending in tfwa«, enau^ in-
an, onan. V. Conjugation
18. Verbs endinpf in »/a«, enan, tnati^
onan\ Indicative ..iood, negative
form, V. Conjugation 10^«
19. On the "Second Third Person" as
object of the verb 112.
20. On the subjunctive and impera-
tive moods, as also the participles,
affirmative and negative form of the
V. Conjugation US.
21. On the formation of the plural
number. 1^3.
22. Verbs ending in a«, en, tn on,
(VI. Conjugation) 129.
23. The negative indicative of verbs
in: an, en, in, on, ^ ^^^'
24. On the declension of Chippewa
nouns ]^1*
25. On the Locative Case 147.
26. The subjunctive and imperative
moods, as also the participles, affir-
mative form, of verbs in en, tn, on 154.
27. On the negative form of the sub-
junctive and imperative moods and
participles of verbs of the sixth con-
jugation, ending in: e«, in, on. 159.
1»
♦»
■A'H'
possessive
nouns with |)*>ssessive
pronoun*
164.
17.^
IHI.
1M7.
1'*.^.
!'>'».
se-
204.
Lesson 28. Inanimate nouns with
pronouns
,, 2**. Animate
pronouns
,, 30. Nouns with iwssess've
transformed into verbs
,. 31. On Pronouns
,, 32. Verbs endin^r in am II Conjui;.
,, 33. On the subjunctive and impera
tive moods and participles, aftirma
tive form, of the sec<md conjujfa
ti(m
,, 34. On the nejfative form of the
cond conjujj^ati(m.
,, 35. The third conjugation. Indicative
mood. 20'».
,, 36. The subjunctive and imperative
mood and participles, affirmative
form, of the third conjugation 214.
37. The negative form of the third
conrugation 218.
38. The indicative mood, affirmative
form, of the fourth conjugation.
active voice 224.
39. The indicative mood, negative
form of the IV Conjugation 22*».
40. The subjunctive m(K>d, afKrmative
form, of the IV Conjugation 233.
41. The subjunctive mood, negative
form, of the IV Ccmjugation 237.
42. Participles, active voice, affirma-
tive form of IV Conjugation 242.
43. Participles (continued) II Class.
Relative objective participles 248.
44. Partici])les of the negative form
active voice, of the IV Conjugation 252.
45. Formation of diminutive nouns 257.
»»
■mj-:^4m''^*j^-j^mi
-492-
Lesson 46. On the formation of terms of re-
proach 262.
47. Various other formations of nouns260.
48. The imperative mood, affirmative
and negative forms, active voice,
of the fourth conjugation 274.
49. Irregular imperative mood, active
voice, of IV Conjugation 277.
50. On the indicative mood, affirma-
tive form, passive voice, of the fourth
conjugation 281.
51. The indicative mood, passive
voice, of verbs ending in wa 288.
52. The subjunctive mood, affirmative
form, passive voice, and participles,
of the fourth conjugation 292.
53. The indicative mood, negative
form, passive voice, of IV Conjug. 300.
54. The subjunctive mood and parti-
ciples of the negative form, passive
voice, of the fourth conjugation 305,
55. Fourth conjugation continued.
"First Case," 311.
56. First Case continued. Contracted
terminations 316.
57. First Case continued. Negative
form 320.
58. First Case. Subjunctive mood, af-
firmative and negative form 326.
59. First Case. Participles of the af-
firmative and negative form 331.
60. "Second Case. Thou... me." Indi-
cative mood, affirmative form 335.
61. Second Case continued. Negative
form, indicative mood 340.
62. Second Case. Affirmative form.
Subjunctive mood 347.
-493-
Participl:
r.r the
*"<^M, sub
+t-.,
Lesson 63. Second Case
affirmative form
M 64. Second Case. Negativ
junctive mood
M 65. Second Case. Participles oi
negative form
" 11*' ^^^""^ Case. Imperative mood
,, 67. Contracted terminations
,, 68. Second Case continued. Verbs
ending in: na and ssa
M ^>9. Seventh conjugation
and negative form
,, 70. Eighth conjugation,
and negative forms
M 71. Ninth conjugation.
and negative forms
„ 72. The "Second-Third
Affirmative
Affirmative
Affirmative
»>
>9
»»
:5i.
355.
360.
363.
366,
3f)9.
373.
377.
381.
,. Person" as.
stibject and object of verbs of the
fourth conjugation
73. Irregular verbs, nind imi, I do, I
am; and I'jva, he says
74. On Adjectives
75. Cardinal numbers
76. Cardinal numbers before nouns
denoting measurement
77. Numerals with peculiar termina-
tions
78. Manner of expressing the day of
the month 4Qg
79. Manner of expressing age 411.
80. Manner of expressing the hour 413.
81. On Distributive Numbers 416.
82. Multiplying Numbers 4i8!
83. Multiplying Distributive Numbers 42o!
84. Ordinal Numbers 422.
85. Numeral verbs for animate nouns 424^
86. Numeral verbs for inanimate
nouns 426.
385.
389.
392.
397.
400.
404.
w^m^Mm^im'^^
ritea^
494
Lesson 87. Prepositions
„ 88. Adverbs
,, 89. Conjunctions _
90. Principal rules of Chippewa Syn-
tax.
Chippewa roots or radical syllables
Ordinary words and expressions. Chippewa
conversations
Index.
428.
430.
435.
436.
439.
4f.5.
imli
A'£ i.i'.'A;/iff"»,r-C;": :: ' ;■;
Important Femakks In Kk(.aki. To
The Fokmation Oi- Thk Dr-
BiTATivE Conjugations.
V ,. 1 There is a great similarity hetwecn
tU^^termila^toL^ot tht first three Duh.tatn.
LNmjugations in the inchcut»ve mood. t^^...
imiiHidoii
inni'inioy,
odooetuiii
ini'dnthaii
ozi'itmhaii
(ni'cifiiiohaii
I
midog
midog
zvidog-
minadog
ntivadog
^vidogenag
wiiinban
zvanihan
goban
-wan^ibaii
wungobaii
zvegoban
gzvaban
II
midog
midog
modog
minadog
mzi'ddog
\ modogemig
mozvdmban
mozvamban
mogobiin
mozvdiigibau
mowcingoban
mou'Cgobau
ozvegobaii
ogzi'iibiVi.
gzt'aban \ mogxvaba,,
^^*f >> The terminations of the I, 11, Ui. . ^
q'Vor.arnr%ortr"t s,„ab,.
precedes th^ terminations; t. i-
i&v "i&^^'^
■ivdnen
xvanen
gTveu
mowdneti
moTvaneti
mogw^n
III
iML'diteii
ozvanen
ogztrn
-f2i"''"š^i.<
'I^:
2^.' i'^mi^^gmi^
-li
zfc'inj>rn
•u'ii»ih(i)ien
-vumhaucn
ii^obancu
-i'tin^olxnien
-i'li^olniiidi
mu'U'Coincii
n\oivei>zi'en
\mnvag-urn
mozi'dnilKHU'n
xwozL'amhanen
mog o/uine/i
mi )zi'd)i}>'iha n oi
mozi.'Ci>olHnien
ozi'dugeii
ozvan^cn
ozvcij^zi'en
ozvigwen
ozi'dm/Hiiicn
ozvamhaiien
Oi>obanen
ozvdiigihauen
ozvangobaneii
ozvcgohauen
ovjatrobauen
mozcagoban
Note ^. In the negative form, indicative mood,
ih'j terminations of the first three conjugations
are ahnost perfectly alike, only that instead of
the characteristic syllable: i\s/, f/si is used, f. i.
I
ss/mn/oii
II&III
n si mi dog'
nsimidog
nsidog'
ssi/iiidog
ssizvidog'-ssid(fg
ssiininadoo etc. nsimifiadog-
Note 4. The terminations of the L II, III, V,
and VI Conjugations are perfectly alike in the
subjunctive mood, negative form, only that in
the II, III&VI Conjugations instead of the
characteristic syllable: ssi, >isi is used, f. i.
ssizc'di/cu
ssizca/ie/j
ssigzvcn
ssizi'dtigru
ssizvangi'i/
ssizi'Cgzt'fii
ssizi'(n>7ini
II, III&VI.
nsizvdnen
nsiwaneii
nsigzveu
nizvdHgen
nsizvatigeii
nsiwegzven
nsizi'dgwen
VS?F:
!!^^
-in
ss/zvambanen
iNote ^. There is cnsi.lerahle similarity ul
in both affirmative and noirativo furms la-tur..,
verbs of the IV, V^A'I C'onjut,ations. "
IV
^>/y. 'S/«^^>.
'''''A''
liog
(iogcnun
zvddog
zvadogena)!
Oh/. Plural
doge u a it-
do genu g
dogenan
nadogenag-
zvadogenaii
zvadorrcnan
Subjunctive Mood.
( onjugation.
y
Ob/. .S/i/g.
XMulog
XXiuloo
Viwdogrtuiii
mi n (/dog-
xnziufdog
tiazt'crdogeih/i:
Ob/. Plural
U'ddogenag
WAdogenag
nHd(genau
nnnadogenui^
mzradogeuai^
n-dzv(f dog-man
r/fzr. I 'o/n-
VI
f>b/. .S'/;/;..
n-.idog
nadog
x\-,uloi>
mi nadiig
nazcadog
WAZi'adog-nitiii
Ob/. />l„ru/
WAdogenan
n-Ad()grn(/n
m.dogenaii
miiiadogeiiiiH
n'Azradogrua//
n-Azradogrnaii
/C. I) u hi to tin-
I ffirniali\
awag-en
dzvadcn
ag-zven
zv,
azfagzia
dzi'adzfcr,
aazcrn
:iru
ren
7^iMsi^mismam:sM:.M
IV—
li-u'iinncti
azviiii'vcn
trwaiioid-Linven
inviwutva'U'Cu
du'Cii-uururn
(ludii'i't'ii
\('<C(i//zr.
ani>'/d<'"
.. zcadzvazvcu
o-ivcn
., -urou'dwcn
zfiio-urn
Note iu The terminations ot the '"<^;^'^^- 1^^_
subjunctive moods, j.nsstve voice o the u
bitative IV Conjugation are ^1"^"^^^. ^^"^^^^
those of the I Dubitative ( .mjugations. t. i.
Suhiuuctive Mood,
'.viiiicu I xuarnbatiCH
/ndiratnr Mood.
mnioi^'
i/i/doi^'
dDi^riufii
(idoo
)iiin(idoii'
/i/:i'(ido<i'
ziui ioi^rntiii
(idoi^cn(ii>;
zi'CtDihiin
zvaiitban
i>ohoti
azviiidibiiu
ZVdUiiilHIll
iven'obiin
i^zvabaii
azvindzi'ii
zvinioi
ozi'cn
iizcindcn
zvdngrn
zi'e<(zvcH
zi>cii>-zirn
OZi
'iud-
zi'ambaiicii
j gobaneii
I azvindibaiHn
\ -wegobaneu
j zvagobaufu
azvindzviibatu'ti
ban
f above remark
wancu
Note 7 The above remark also applies to the
n/^itive form of said Dubitative Conjugation.
Note 8 To form the Dubitative terminations ot
the -First Case (I thee) add: doii, do^fcnag. -^a-
%; z^idogeva^: to the <>rdinary terminations of
the present indicative, f. i-
Affirmative.
Nciiulixt'
/winadog
/«/'«/wwadog
/X'wdog
/i,''odogenag
/ifo'wa.doo-
/X^'owadogena
1. ..
I....
we. . .
we .
he. . .
they,
he...
^ they.
. .thee perhajjs
.you
. . .thee ,,
. . . . you ,
inadoii
wwdito^
doi^
Ulidnu
. . .thee ,,
• • • L ft
..you
. . you .,
doir
do^rnau
zviidoi^
TViido^rmii;
Suhjuncthf Mood.
Afinnuihf.
AVi,'-rt//iv.
mowanen
if I.. .
. thee perhaps
noTvauoi
/nonogwawer
/]^owanen
„1...
,, we. .
you „
..thee „
notioazfinvrn
71. J urn
/ifowegwen
/wogwen
mogwawen
/wowegwen
/wowegwawet
„we..
„he...
,'they.
,, he.. .
1,, they .
. . you „
.theo ,.
. . .thee,,
. . . you „
. . . you , ,
ur^ziru
no^zven
iioi>zvazvtn
zvcgzven
zvci(wazv€n
Note 9. The same rule applies to the Dubita
tive terminations of the "Second "ase" (thou.. .
me) with slight variations, f. i.
Affirmotivc Xetrathr.
thou me perhaps
you me , ,
he me ,.
they me
thou .... lis ,,
you us „
he us ,,
f^onadogenag they . . . . us
Subjunctive Mood.
/dog
imidog
igoAo^
/ifodogenag
/minadog
/minadog
igondiAog
doi>
midoi;'
dog
doge nag
minadog
minadog
nadog
nadogenag
chx^^
-VI-
/wanen
/wegwen
i'gwen
/wagwen
/wangen
/'wangen
iwangiden
»»
Wdifufn
zv(ini>cn
uo-waui>zf(nv<'>i
Affirmalivc, Xcoative.
if thou.... me perhaps zuaucn
„ you.... me ,, wfi>zL'cti
„ he. . . .me
,, they. • • -me
,, thou. . . .us
, , you .... us
,. he us
/wangidwawen if th ...us
/nowangen if he... us
/nowangwawen if he.... us
Note 10. From the above paradigms of the two
"Case" we learn that the negative *^^-ms have
the same terminations as the posit 'vi he only
difference is that in the negative torm, the
characteristic vowel i. o. is changed into: />.<^/',
ossi\ to which then the terminations of the
positive are added. Please remember well this re-
mark, as it has an almost universal application.
Note 11. The terminations of three last dubi-
tative Conjugations are almost perfectly alike, f.
i.
VIII
VII
dog
aopena/i
gooan
gohanin
odog
odogenan
ogohan
oscohan
IX
odog
odogenan
ogoban
ogoban etc.
w
<''^\