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COLONIAL EMIGRATION SOCIETY. 
 
 THE EIGHT HON. LOED LYTTBLTON. 
 
 fBUt-l^ttiintntJt. 
 THE EIGHT EEV. THE BISHOP OF WOECESTEE 
 
 THE EIGHT HON. LOED LEIGH 
 
 W. SCHOLEPIBLD, ESQ., M.P. 
 
 dLammitttt. 
 
 CAFTAIN CI<AEKE, E.E. 
 
 ME. P. EDELSTEN 
 „ H. ELWELL 
 „ CLEMENT GIBBS 
 „ J. E. BOTCE 
 „ CALEB LAWDEN 
 
 DE. LLOYD 
 
 ME. J. B. GAUSBY 
 
 J. O. MASON 
 
 HENEY EOTTON 
 
 S. TONKS 
 
 L. COHEN 
 
 
 ME. ALEX. FOEEEST, Queen Chambers, Cherry Street, lirmiiighain. 
 ^onarati' €te&ivixzx, »an*ert. 
 
 ME. EDWAED GEM. MESSES. LLOYDS. 
 
 ^rcretars (fva ttm) 
 ME. JOHN BATE. 
 
 in 
 
 OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 To disseminate information on the subject of Emigration. 
 
 To assist intending Emigrants by information and advice. 
 
 To make arrangements for the passage of Emigrants to the Colonies. ^ 
 
 To make advances, by way of loan, vrhenever the funds of the Society shall permit, to Emigrants, for 
 
 their outward passage. . r i ■ 
 
 To correspond with the Colonial Governments in referer. to the labour requirements oi thfeir 
 
 respective Colonies, and the classes of Emigrants needed ; and to obtain their co-operation and 
 
 support. 
 
 To carry out these objects, the Committee appeal to the nobility, gentry, and inhabitants 
 generally of the vast district of which Birmingham is the centre, confidently anticipating for the 
 undertaking the support it deserves. 
 
 To the mercantile classes the Committee desire to point out the increasing commerce which 
 mmt result from the development of our Colonies; in proof of which it has been ascertained that our 
 South Pacific Colonies take from us in imports for every man, woman, and child of their respective 
 populations, on the average, from £8 to £10 per head per annum, while the United States werv. only 
 customers to us in 1859 (before the war began) at the rate of 178. per head. 
 
 To the ratepayers they say, " Help our sur abundant population, and prevent them froBi 
 becoming paupers, by the advice and assistance it w i be the province of this Society to supply." 
 
 From our inland position, correct information on the important subject of Emigration is 
 difficult to obtain. The numerous inquiries made, since the Meeting* was held at the Midland 
 Institute, show the interest felt in it here to be as great as in other parts of the kingdom ; und 
 there is not a doubt that the Colonies will gladly co-operate with a society estabHshed on sound 
 principles, whose aim will be to send the " nffht people to the right place" for their benefit equally 
 
 with our own. i j- a- r 
 
 It is not proposed to gi\G free passages, but to grant assistance by lonm, at the discretion ot 
 the Committee, to deserving Emigrants; and it is hoped the Society wiU, in a few years, have 
 at its disposal a Benevolent Fund sufficient to compass a great and constantly increasing amount 
 of good. As it will materially aid the undertaking if the Colonial Commissioners, who attended the 
 preliminary Meeting, are in a position to inform their different Gcvemmentd, on returning to the 
 Colonies, that the Society has commenced its operations, the Committee earnestly impress on 
 all able and willing to assist in this good work the importance of not losing time in raising the 
 necessary funds. 
 
 .. ,, , . , , , Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 Birminghan .September, 1862. EDWAED GEM, Chairman. 
 
 ' The Preliminary Meeting, held on the 20th of August, was presided over by H. Mantoi', Esq., Mayor of Birmingham, and attended by au 
 iunuential company of Merchants and Maniil :cturers. Lokd Lyttelton was present, and also the following Reprpsentativea of the Colonies 
 to the International Exhibition— Hon. B. Wiiiu. Nova Scotia; B. Chambebi-ain, Esq., Canada; Sbdqwick Cowpeb, Esq., New South Wales; 
 F. O. Knioht, Esq., Victoria ; Captain Baoot, South Australia; and Dr. Millioam, Tasmania. 
 
4^4 
 
 COLONIAL EMIGRATION. 
 
 To the Secretary of the Colonial Emigration Society, Birmingham. 
 
 My DBA.B Sib— Deeply impressed as 1 have Iodk been with 
 the vast importance to the present and future prosperity of 
 England's trade and commerce, of a well-directed course 'oeing 
 given to the inevitable emigration of large numbers of her 
 workinK population, I hail with excited hopes the move in the 
 right direction now being made in Birmingham, and I trust 
 your good example will bo followed by the other large manu- 
 facturing towns, and also that your and their riertions will not 
 be contined to the dissemination of information to intending 
 emigrants respecting the colonies to which it may be desirable 
 they should go, but that they will bring their pwerful in- 
 fluence to bear uiKm their representatives in T^.':ament, so as 
 to elicit its attention to this important question vith the view 
 of inducing Citovernment to take the part it ought to do in as- 
 sisting emigration to the (.'olonios. 
 
 England exercises a perfect and uncontrolled empire over the 
 entire of Southern Africa, as well as over the vast continent of 
 Australia and its dependencies, together containing a surface 
 vastly exceeding in extent both Europe and the United States, 
 every portion of which that is South of the tropic 
 of Capricorn, experience has proved to be admirably 
 suited ror the Anglo-Saxon race, as well as being par- 
 ticularly pioliflc under the cultivation of that race of 
 everything that Europe requires for the ease, comfort, and sup- 
 port of its over-crowded population. And if we look forward to 
 that which must be the result of increasad population in these 
 countries, or consider what they now might have arrived at, if 
 if the emigration of the last ten years had been fostered 
 and assisted so as to direct a far larger proportion 
 of it in that direction, enough may be learned to 
 show that England has indeed a »ery deep interest in the course 
 taken by emigration from her shores. It is much to be regretted 
 that her people should treat this question with such great in- 
 difference, and that even those who would most benent by its 
 proper direction, the master manufacturers, appear to pass it 
 by as a matter in which they have no interest whatever. 
 
 That such is the case may be gathered from the silence indi- 
 cative of assent with which the House of Commons, on a late 
 occasion, received Mr. Adderley's assertion " that England ought 
 not to bo chargeable with the cost of the Emigration Commis- 
 sion, inasmuch as it is a matter in which she is in no way con- 
 cerned." Even in the teeth of this assertion of Mr. Adtterley, 
 it will not be very difficult to prove that England, and more 
 particularly England's manufacturers, have a very d(«p interest 
 in the course taken by her emigration ; for to say that emigra- 
 tion is not wanted, or that it caii be intercepted or prevented, 
 is just sheer nonsense. It exists , it has existed, in a steady 
 stream, for more than forty years; aiid as well might tije 
 attempt bo made to intercept the outflow of the Thames or the 
 Mersey, as to stop it. Such beinn the case, would it not be wise 
 to endeavour to direct its course into those channels most fi'uit- 
 ful in benefits to the country it flows from P 
 
 Every manufacturer is fully alive to the fact that, perhaps, his 
 greatest source of anxiety is to be found, no' i his powers of 
 producing, but in findfnw markets for his goods when made ; 
 and yet, strange to say, the power England possesses of cre- 
 ating vp.lup'/le and permanent markets, by well directed emi- 
 gration, docs not appear to have commanc. A the least atten- 
 tion. 
 
 Prom the statistics of emigration and exports the following 
 •may bo gathered :— 
 
 Fully three-lifths of the emigration from England for the last 
 forty years has been to the United States, the population of 
 which in 185'J had grown to about thirty millions. 
 
 In that year they imported from England to the value of 
 £26,200,000., being at the rate of about 17«. for each person. 
 
 The number that emigrated to the Australian colonies must 
 have been much less than a million, for in that year their entire 
 population did not exceed that number; and in that year their 
 imports from England amounted to £16,000,000., which gives 
 just £18. for each person. 
 
 Now as these have baen about the most important markets 
 for English manufacturers that England possesses, and as each 
 emigrant to the last named is a customer to many times I he 
 amount of those to the States, it is very evident that if the 
 larger portion of the emigrants had gone to the Australian 
 colonies the benefit to England in a mercantile point of view 
 would have been incalculably great. 
 
 If viewed as to its political bearing on the fortunes of Eng- 
 land, it will be seen that in that direction siie has been a fear- 
 ful sufferer also, for every emigrant to the States has gone to 
 strengthen the hands of lier bitterest enemy ; while the vast 
 empire she lias planted in the East, and which she has the 
 power, if she pleases, to expand until it rivals in its proportions 
 those of the unfriendly States, has been left to struggle onwards 
 by its own exertions, uuliecded and unaided by the Mother 
 Country. 
 
 You are aware that hitherto the Australian colonies have been 
 required to sunply the entire of the funds for the import of 
 labour ; now it is very evident that this is detudedly unjust, for 
 both the emigrant and Rngland are benefited by the transfer 
 
 quite as much as the colonies, and therefore ft would be but 
 rair th,.t they should bear a proportion of the cost. 
 
 It is a well known fact tliat the groat cause of the vast pre- 
 ponderance of emigration to the States is traceable to the 
 cheapness of the transit, as compared with that to the more 
 distant colonies, while it is etiually well known that perhaps a 
 m^ority of intending emigrants wouii I ifladlv go to the latter 
 if they could get there for the same moiiey. If, then, England 
 will (as in justice both to herself and the other parties con- 
 cerned she is bound to do) bear her toir proportion of the 
 additional costs, the colonies will gladly contribute theirs, and 
 a steady and abundant supply of the unemployed labour of 
 this cjuiitry may be transferred to those places where its ser- 
 vices are required, and 'vhere the remuneration it will receive 
 will bL' such as to place it in a state of comparative alflucnco 
 tliat will enable it to become a customer for British exports to 
 many fold the amount it ever had been or would be in any other 
 country. 
 
 But it is not only through extended markets for her manu- 
 factures, that England is benef ted by emigration to aer Aus- 
 tralian colonies, for it must not be overlooked that she receives 
 from them some of her most important sujiphes of raw material, 
 which places her in a commanding position in the markets of 
 the world, to say nothing of their ^old, which has taken go pro- 
 minent a part in advancing her prosperity in latter years. The 
 vast importance their supply of wool has arrived at is too well 
 known to require comment. Their copper, lead, and tin, also, 
 of which there is no other limit than tuo quantity of labour 
 applicable to their production, already exercise a beneflcial in- 
 fluence on her manufactures, partioulariy the first of them. 
 This is well understood botl' in Birmingham and Shoflicld, 
 where the excellence of the Australian copper is fairly estimated, 
 and its controlling influence on the copper market must be 
 beneficially felt. 
 
 Another important channel for usefulness t" England of her 
 Australian colonies now presents itself in the protiuction of 
 cotton, and there is no reason to doubt but that the skill and 
 energy which have hitherto been disployed in these colonies 
 in their other undertakings will prove successful in this also. 
 
 The idea so generally entertained that so-called cheap labour 
 is indispensable for the production of cotton, so a-i to compete 
 with that grown by slave labour in America, is a very great 
 mistake, and fearfully injurious, as throwing doubt and diffi- 
 culties in the way of those who would engage in its production 
 in other countries. 
 
 Slave labour is very far from cheap, although no wages are 
 paid ; hut when the capital sunk in the purchase of slaves, their 
 maintenance, clothing, and keeping in sickness and in health, 
 in infancy and old age, are all taken into account, together 
 with the comparative small amount of work by the few out of 
 an establishment that are employed in the fields, it will be 
 found that slave labour is neither as cheap or profitable as free 
 —even at th» high ratet paid for the latter in the free states of 
 America, or in Australia. 
 
 The few specimens of Australian -grown cotton row exliibited 
 in London prove incontrstably the suitableness of its 8o;I and 
 climate for the production of a very superior article, and all 
 recent accounts show that all the colonies are quite alive to the 
 subject, and were preparing to try its cultivation to an extent 
 that will at once determine whether it will be generally success- 
 ful. If these trials prosper, wo may be assured that in the 
 following year it will occupy a large portion of the time and 
 attention of all the agricultural population, for, fortunately, 
 the season for cotton cultivation will not in any manner inter- 
 fere with the cultivation of grain, but will, in fact, furnish 
 employment ;>.t times when, at present, they find little 
 to do. Ploughing and seedtime for grain are in the 
 months of April, May, and June, hay harvest in No- 
 vember, and that for grain in December and January. 
 Cotton will be cultivated in August and September, 
 and gathered in March. Machinery will bo certain to lend 
 its powerful aid in all the manipulations to which the cotton 
 will have to be submitted, so that no diminution in the present 
 rates of wages ruling in these countries will be necessary to 
 enable 'ts cultivators to produce it at a price that will enable 
 them to compete in the English market with that received fVom 
 America. 
 
 If you think the above remarks woriny of publication, you 
 are perfectly at liberty to make use of them, but ns piBctice is 
 better than precept, I avail myself of this opportunity to enrol 
 myself as a member of the society now in course of formation in 
 Birmingham, and send a cheque for £5. as my first year's 8u^• 
 scriiition. 
 
 I am, ray dear sir, faithfully yours, 
 
 0. H. BAGOT, 
 
 fli 
 
 I of South Australia- 
 
 International Exhibition. 
 
 International Exhibition, London, 
 South Australian Court, 
 Sept. 1st, 1862.