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32X

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32X

THE HERO

OP THE

SASKATCHEWAN.

LIFE mOl THE OJIBWAT AMD GB6E INDIANS

IN CANADA.

Y4AtL^^^

JOHN IHiiBA>I> M.A., Ph.D.

(KOBIN RUSTLER.)

Author of " The Indians of Oanadi"— ** James Kvani, Inventor of the Syllabic
System of the Cree L»|gnag«"— &o., Ac.

REPRINTISD FROM THE BARRIE EXAMINER

BARRIE, ONT. i

TKI BaRHIK EXAMINSR PrINTINO AHD PCBLrSHIMO HilDtlB,

1891.

vasama

h * !

'i^^^ . '%

%■

i«»wn«KilMI

Autb

CKOllliK MrDDl'CALL,
The Hero ol tkt. Saskatchiwnn.

my m i i »i ia yr H HW i H — p fc^j MBHrtJB

T,HE HERO

OF THE

SASKATCHEWAN.

LIFE AMONG THE OJIBWAY Al CREE INDIANS

IN CANADA.

BY -

JOHN MCLEAN, M.A., Ph.D.

(ROBIN RUSTLER.) ?

Author of "The Indiana of Catia<la"—'* James Evans, Inventor of the Syllabic
System of the Cree Language" — &c., &c.

REPRINTED FROM THE UARRIE EXAMINER

BARRIE, ONT. :
Tub Barbie Examiner Printing and Publishing Housb.

1891.

.i i

f5:>13

H. 1 U3

■^mp

. . ^ ■

■'•

-■

■I

1
I

TO THE MEMORY

OP TUB LATK

SAMUEL SOBIESKI NELLES, D.D., LL.D.,

chancellor'of victoria university,

MY HONOBKl) INbTKUOTOR AND FRIEND.

and
wha'

Moo

PREFACE.

lARLV in the ypar 1881 the plan of this book wab conceived, and mnterials
begun to be culiccted which in the two foliowini( years were utilized in the
pruparatioit uf the nmiiuscript. In 1884 tho book was laid aside unilniBhed
and not until the proiieiit year was it reHUiiad. The task is now funded, some*
what imperfectly, but we hope these pages will not have been written iu vain.

MUUMEJAW, AsHINIBOIA,

Caatda, iJrcfmhcr lOtli, 1890.

JOHN McLEAN.

Il i

Pbbf

Chav

■"-r

—~'—n t i irmihliTM i l

CONTENTS-

rBKrAOB.

Chav

TKB I. Birth and Boyhood

II. Youth and Kurly Manhood.

III. Misaioniiry Preparation.. .

IV. Alderville

V. Oardin Kiver

VI. Ranm

Vll. Norway House

1
3
5
t

9
11
13

VIII. Mahkopotoon 17

IX. Victoria..

X. Kdmonton

XI. The Black feet

XII. The La»t Hunt

XIII. The Departed MicHionttry .

XIV. The Fallin Mantle

19
27
IS
38
44
46

.MMMHIUMiMHMM^iMi

♦>Tlje ^ero of tlje Saskatcljewaij^

LIFE AMONG THE OJIBWAY AND CREE INDIANS, IN CANADA.

BY JOHN McLEAN, M A., Ph.D.

(Robin Rustleh.)

CHAPTER I.

BIRTH AND BOYHOOD.

ASTKR missinniiries are not born
.^^„every day. When a missionary
r%^ji>>geniu8leHve8hi8impitti8nn heutheu-
isni, aii«l tlie influence of a lender in felt in
the trHnsfoi ming power exhibited in tem-
poral, moral and Hpirittiai thin^^, the eyes
nf the mnltitude are directed toward the
h»pp> possession of principles, which de-
siijiiato liiin as divinely appointed and
guided in his intensely eiime'it etforts for
the amelioration A hunnuiity an<l the
salvation of souls. We are all learners,
and the study of mankind is one of the
most profitable studies in life The lives
of misfdonary leaders b'jcome therefore
eminently fitted lor pern^itl, inipartimt
accurate information, guiding againot
error, generating a passion for souls
which culniiiiateH lU a bin mug enihusiasm,
that smiles at dilKciilties and ensures
success.

The noble and enthusiastic ^Ikorok
^oDoroAi.L was one annrng the gifted
spirits that have .idormd the cause of
missions, ami worthy is his name tr) find
H, pUue in the miu.>ioniiiy annals of the
nineteenth cutnry.

(iKOKiiK McDodOAMi was born in the
(iity of Kingston. Ont4irio, in the year
18'JO.

Louring the tender years of childhor.d,

fdous infliiencps were thrown aiound him
n his home, whii h left a hfti' g iniprex-
■ion )ipon hi* mind, and caused him in early
manhood's years to rely implicitly upon
the cirn and wisdom «if a devoted mother,
^nd ultiin>«tely t4» invete the memory of
the one dearest to him on earth. }Iis

ftarenta were natives of Scotland, niid
root them he inherited that spirit of per
■everance and self reliuiiue which was
, often put to Bovore toxtN, yet alWHys c<>n-
qiiereil, amid the wintry storms, and
Hrduou» duties of inisKi' nary life in
.Kewatiii and the Suakatuhuwau.

The tempting snares in the shape of
wealth that presented themse'vea before
him, especially duiiog his residence in
the v,*st teiritor> of the North- West,
cuiised him not to swerve from the path
of duty, and the polite encroachments of
bigots or the during bravado of immoral
frontiersmen were niuible to deprive him
of the deficiut and heroic t>pirit of his
valiant ancestors. In hut and hall he
retained the proud mien of the Celtic
race, tempered with the refining influences
of the relipion of Christ. Thus, in the
langU'tge of the national poet of (Scotland,
he fountl expression for the language of
ihe heart :

"What tho' on hamely fare we dine,

Wear hodden-grey, and a' that ;
Cie fools their silks, and knaves their
wine,
A man's a man, for a' that."
Iiis father was a non-commissioned
ofHcer of the Koyal Navy. He performed
naviil service on the lakes on our frontier,
during the war from 181'2 to IMIo. When
peicetui times settled once more upon the
countrv, and there was no longer any
nted for tlie defence afforded by the pre-
serce ot the Royal Navy, his father with
many others were at liberty to forsake
mditary lite for that of peace and pros-
perity, as farmers in the districts newly
opened up. When the resources of the
coiintiy were becoming more fully devel-
oped, and the enterprising settlers were
preparing homes for themselvef amid the
torefts, the family located on the Peno-
tang'iishone Road, above where the towa
of Harrie is now located. The family
consisted of two boys and throe girls at
tiiis period. Tmo s(nis died before 'Jeorge
was born. The guiding influence in the
h )UBehold towat-<' religions matters mbu
the presence of the pious mother animated
by her piayers ard enforced Vw her exam-

file. It was her loving counsel that saved
ler boy when treading the slippery path
of youth, and it was to her energy and

CP3^n3D

hoyhoo,J years, as til i ' ^""n*/ f.ese
the e.„b..;o pio'ne -r t '"T^.'^"'' ""-^le n?

colonists ,„ eStr^^'U;' ""' ''"^ '''^ 'jy
tttmg new ind.,s,nes*' ! ^ '•«««"'-ce«, ^rt"^

after ,h. .,._ .. '*'"'■; -or. ,,f y,,,;

"ame and virti „ i ? '""'sts i„ „ ," ®f

h'-i d p,i(Hce. T, erf f }"^ '"*''•» ^-as to
"^ «'Hs Ietrni„/t ^s ', '" '"« ^"'^^t ho,„e

,^•^77 .o -efSiVc d. rw';;'!'^' ^«^r"to

•r. ...cuts With wl,

. «art new farms fl,^ '^■a ma

t'''r«.tsoft|,eeo|om' "«"-""u.al ,„

The

towns and villa^^g 7' - -.erpri«,„,

f^eit and ovficon... th^, '"aternJJ.- f
that .tood in CZy^' «"hseq„ent e^it

t.ed districts iaTk ', ^u'"'' *''« "ew'ly set
hindrances of r j ^"^ '*^'v«''t,nr ' "^^

,^.7o...forts''L.d't;s:^;:^ ?-''--

>e songhr i„ the ir-n? ?'"' ''^^ ha(I to
.^•^"t.d the SlclZl")'- ./«"l.Mo:: p,e

& 'heconversSoio;",''^"-^"' P-ti' ,
«t'lJ It was a Dresprt- T- *''*'"' 'le lihlx.rs
t.'on and viee.'^n ^,7;*'^''' "C'-'^t te- ta'
sitv fr.n .. .1. ^"'8 I here luose thn . ' '■*

*"'P'e share of ciilf.. •-'' '""'"her aii

!!'T^''y^''^^t.TrZ"' ";*''• '""'ha,'

«""eaand caresses , ,P"r"''»y and .e

'^"^.f;^-t. He^\^^^-;'"-sha>-
[' poor, ai, : I'' „V « '•'i--e • f

''Vn''"r" "'"not

:r''y<?2^^S.tr"^^thofinaneia.

I St crop ,« t,^ „rt':'"""'y"ntilthe
^ '« hear. For the f r V f "' '''' *='t as he

*-."..f.";;:;!;rs,r;i/""-«.;r

wants are left in iL? ""' '"ffHectual

f^t ^''-r'fortahV t i"','""'' '"•"S ij
^-•"""1. are ere.I.J'' A M'^^oe. ^^^

^-;];;"iehra;S:?;,r-'-ation';;j

l.i.U, were rhe.efore H,
^'t .,f the h-r*t few v. -"^''^"""-y re
;^ hackwoods. "^ ^'-'"^ reei,le„Je?„

' *''" ''"'■•kvvoods'. — ..„c<

; P"'"*^erhad to he , n .^' "'"' ^he thrif v

<^eorL'»^. wiM. i • «o"kIu. hv .. i • .

iJ^'. and became ^..^^^/'orea^ed

•■• '*reat
•-■ontinent,

o^ 'hee;i;tli ui,

" '"8 forest ho,„e
««';"s that were to
- P the ,na..„*,"

' t»"^lit him Lv
«»«e that pre^

' 'V'tub/e for Us
'!^'"g i..fl.iu.ee8
A8 (,e n.n.ped
te'' 111 h,s child.
''""^I'utre.fl.es,
'teristics of his

^'»je«t spirit en-
^'"1 irairie. f/g
T'^e songs of
7eto'''3souJ,
•1 >n the conn-
^ the solitude
'«fltdingivi:,„
»'y "'8 cnsti
following the
'e*itin,ijority

^''is next to
'"'•y pif/jeer
" at lioine.
It thnt ^ven
""'Zf', the
68 could not

^e finanoial
P'ovisions
y until the
''fc'»t as he
<a,rs svery
'"» in the
*-'"•«: ai.d
ff"ectual
hunger is
«•. Theu
tion ad-

•sary re-
'enco in

ition in
thrifty
•he i„.
within

I'hoo/s
which
^'ivid,
|n8t a
ining

Vher
'looli
I Ji«r
)H ed
cher

in her own home. WhPn the two brothers
were old enough they walked to sohool,
five miles distant. David was a much
better scholar than George, and being the
younger, had greater opportunities of im-
proving himself. George poi^sessed a strong
physical frame, a determined will, and
WHS general y in quest of fun. Thes^e
qualities, added to a dislike for study,
pi evented him from making much progress
m education, especially as he had it work
on the farm in summer, and only had the
winter months to go to school. David
nnd a weaker constitution, a more
thoughtful disposition, and a love for
study.

With these advantages Daf<d became a
superior i-cholHr. Brothers will have dif-
tt^rences of opinion, and the McDougali
biothers, exhibiting diflerent dixpositionn,
drifted into the app^mntly inevitthle
position of being engaged in a quarrel,
fhe fath r told George that he would
punish him. Dreading the father's pnn>
ishment, an.l too proud of spirit to a^k
forgiveuesH, he run nway from home. He
Wttut to a farmer on)> ndle distant f om his
home, and engaged with him for one year.
During the whole of his el•ga^emeht he
did nut once vinit his home, but with that
magiianimitv of soul that ever charauter-
ised him through life, no socmer was his
year's work finished than he started to
throw himself into the embiaces of his
faithful frieniiii. Though only fouiteen
yearn of age at this time, ho d'd not :>pend
a <:ent of his wages, hut took them home
when he returned, and handed at once all
that he had earned tr> hi^ devoted patents.
There was joy in that household over the
prodigal's return. The peiiit<<nce, devotion
and inaniiness, that were shown on t'lis
occasion, enlarged with his growth until
they were fully developed upon tMe bound-
less praiiienof the Great North- ^Vent.

The summer nionthH were spent by the
two brothers in farming and trapping,
and in wintsr they continued t«> walk Iouk
distances to obtain thcmenthi prepnration
necessary for acquiring success in life.

CHAPTER II.

VnnTH ANJ> KAKI.T MANHOOD.

j^HK absffif}* of the brave and merry
youth b»d bMO keenly felt,but when
ctgain the family was unite<i joy
reiKned •uprein*. These early years were
pregnant «ith confluting influences which
might have proved serious in retarding
the progress of the work amongst the
Indians, by the withdrawal of this indi-
vidual life from engauing in the great
contest against beatheniem. Early a«souia<

tions make lasting impressions upon the
mind, and such was thn |M>Merof compan-
ionship, that evil results would have fol-
lowed, marriiiK a noble lite, had not ex-
' jplified piety, at home, counteracted
this influence and pointed to a higher
destiny, in praotiaing virtue and seeking
truth. While the youthful spirit of
Gkokok McDouoall was being agitated
by the persuasive voices of good and evil,
the country wns in a state of unrest,
throui'li the exciting controversy on the
qiiebtion ( f I he Clergy Reserve, and the
cropping out of strong republican senti-
ments am >ng a tew politiciitiis of that
lime. In IS^3 tnel 't< Rev. UgertonRyei- 1/'
son. LL. D., visiteil Englind is a delegate
tr >m the conftrei.ce of the Methodist de-
nommttion, in Canada, to secure union
with the British Methodists. Ha carried
with him a petition to the King, signed
by more tli^in twenty thousand pei-eons,
protesting a(;aio8t the establishment of a
st.ile church in the country, and the ap-
propriaticn of the Clergy Reserve lunds by
H sinuledeniiininatiin much inferior iiuioer-
ically than otht^r huiches then existing
in (.'anaila. The demands of this petition
wure delayed for ^everal yt-ars by the
ciafty tactics of coine politicians in .the
Upper Canada Assembly, but ultimately
the rii^hts of tiuth ami justice prevailed.
In 1835 this eminent minister again visited
hngiand to secure a charter and funds
for an institution ot learning, now well
known as Victoria University. During
his residence there for one year and a
half, he learned that the Enf{lish people
had conceived wron^ ideas concerning
the loya ty of the Canidians, through the
republican and revolutionary opiniona ex-
pre»Bed by Messrs. John Henry Papineau
and Willi )in Lyon .McKenzie. supported
by their representatives in Britain. In a
hunes of six letters to the Times, Dr.
Ryerson ably a<lvocated the cause of the
Can>i«liaii people proving their loyalty to
the'Biiti8hcrown,Hn'i th ir nnn-cominitttil
to the sepanitixtviewsof revolutionary poli>
ticians. These letto's were reprinted
and widely scattered with very beneficial
results 'J he rebellion 'hat followed ui
Up|)er Canad.i, under the leadership of
William Lyon McKenzie was speedily
checked through the prompt measures
taken by the 1 yid majority of the people.
It was durinu the exciting times of these
few J(|4ia that (JKOHOK .NicDoruAU^, theu
^iMMVyeai-H of age, joined the Ropat
Forenfer^ in which he served nearly live
months, receiving hisdi^chargeonMay, 12,
1838. Ke wan then r«Midiiig in the Township
o> Ptos. Previous to e ilisting in the
militia, he and his blotter hvd become
•nembeni of a temperance society . The

•'•I of G»,»o..'" „,''•«"•. jour..,, ,"'"
met hi- "'?'"'. old ..,(li„, .J^i™^-

tat'-.o in K^klS'tl a'"" ' "•' "••« »M

^"•sed hin. ro vield * T"""y "' S f.*"*"-* ^"«- them. He tn^K*" ''"*' ^'^-^ ii

- r"","«'ie8 and breafc i, - "-^ "an, ^ ot

I^ana boldly au^uTe^i^'i^'P-'Ige. whir.

hw fnends by sayW '• v^ P^^'-f^ 'ns of
^/Teetotal Society" a', "* b.^'-og
aod pecwJ-ar temptations tf"'"'."''' "•••»-?
tne . youthful anipjl /*' ""''tiry I.fe

•nd too nobJe to 8«E?U^'*°"P ^o v,,-.^
"y the evi; jfenioHM ^ • r*^ «""q 'ered

£««"ce, of the Hoil «„?,> '^ «"*ding j"
« lacking i„ the is of''"^'-**"''-' '^e^e

ty everyone in l,#:» v;"""'t'ei ar.- i..^»
•^d by..hUthe°e,«ei:v 'T.**'^-' *«•« P'B

! I ,'"*<» the ocean «f n' .'*"*""chehe
WM o«n„i..P!:?«';'»« Of Ihi. .„„'.. ':. *"'.■• I "hei, thev mu,, w,7 '?■' ""'"■••I at a„ .~

activity ia the re",^^ -i^:-^-" ^nnutian
y-uthful disciple hid . ^^t "°"' °» tS"

o' the M«„ of NHz.reth ;'rr''y"'P«thii

•••«"•'• -.da. '^•^*'"»'»K to the skivattn if
';-;^n;t.r^J'--.e„.en,i„.

-^n:^-;»fe«n:;'to^irj^^^^^^^

Z ^n •'"■'•>'' '" his d"! ;& •'^f'-Pb-fied
••'i' ,P' inf i„ life h.r;J 1 '®- Jhe turn.

'.n„ to ,„^,fe .fj. ;'';««;»'« necessary fo/

— vMiviiiced of ail. n '**" ♦" (ioil t.. J ^^ must bid «ri,-... .","•' **" ac«

ur«»V • '-"»■« afraid Tk '"'"m to

tT^SVa^i;;^^,'- -^'-ed'Cth *r '"^
in^^T- "'■hetrt. «,•«,„„•;."*' terror
*"K nis straiiffa i».«» "'°ther obierv. / . " '" ""eir ciiiidi,^ j "'wi ctie

;:^J:'^P'yg've^^ tXacf '*•'•'''*•<'«'>• h!„lr''- ''''■« »t«Tnd,tyo7 7'*'* *''°-«
n«-^r«ve.ii„«trtes\te of K ""•'*•« bold- tlm" * f "'' "' bread J ^o ?''"'•'« aa

, Theytookaorr""^^^'"-- "*•"•"«'
'«".« „f.w tKftl.r/"'"*"*'' 'bored toMth«r

hi«iM.«,He.ie.iref„r„i^atLi '^'^"'' *"•' / chiTii;: T"""* the ^«ndere8r«,"""'"*'>'«.

•»«Kht P-irdoo and nl ' .«'"*''*'' «'« C T T'*' ""^^-e'v Pierce Th^[' *'•"''« bitfei
c"»ract«ri,tic of M, IT\ P''*'"' Truly Ul ^ *»«» an,in,e„t!;e tn^V'"'*'"'"" P^ov'

* feehlB man,
">«-• restrain." '
h a zeal that wam

f that H-ere ,„

n th« ntu .born
teaching of the
f'eat ChriatLn

he •oiil o» thi.
'?"«h«d. and

e lonely «,

iffsynnathii
I'iM zeal found
•"^H"*"- than ;?
e'viaeshavin-
:^»ALi, home

"^helper ij
«»ivatiyn of

■e nieri'a in.
'e was found
ensure sue-
if-nest advo.
®*r'''P'ified
Jne turn,
eashed and
a career of
wssary for
"n«e'^ and

' at an am
oldhom^
existence

together.
^ith the
partially
^h those
"">g an
Stable,
0'"ie8 of
Pulsory
' hitter
Honest
3 elder
•a»-ent«
'th hit

'•ested
^«cul.
I »«l|
prov.

»ibod
)tu«|
dly..

At once he became an avaricious rei<t!f r.
Fvery spare moment found him poring
over his hooks. Night and day he inoreas-
ed biB knowledge.

So fully did lie realize the necpssity of
securtnt; an education, and so enthusiHStic
did he become js a stnilent that often-
times were his Lu8inet<B hours enuroauhed
upon iu order to hold cimverse with the
spirits nt the past, who had left their im-
press upon the opeakiiig page. The lime
Lhus spent iu earnest study was pioduc-
tive of good results. Mental streiiKth,
enlarged aoquaiutance with literature,
grander ideas concerning God and man,
inspiration fur future toil, refined tastes
and subject-matter for exercising his
native eloquence, aie Home of the bencHts
accruing fiom the intense love of study
that took possession of his soul.

Determined to make up for the
lack ot educational adv>intugt8 in early
years, he set aL<iUt providiu)( the very
bfbt remedy for removing the evils aris-
ing from this defect, nnd tliat iHy in a
course of self education. lie began this
course with energy, and his improve-
ment becaijfie apparent, us he gathered
wisdom from all soutces, and treasured
every germ of knowledge, csnscious ut
its Utent power.

CHAPTER III.

MISSIONARY PRRPARATIOM.

I^H E first efforts of the great work<>rs
ill life have oftentimes been bo very
feehle, that to mortal ej es they have
breii tot'l failures.

Christian people have been led astray
by false impressions and despised those
whom Qnd h ih tthrwen. Deep> r into these
naturts than men can see ha«i j^ot looked,
and from the dross of life has he taken
these treasures and reserved them for him-
self. Tnese work) rs ate prepared by the
p't ishing procttM»(>8 «>f God's provideiioe
Vacancies are filled, but not.by th»-m, and
new paths are opened for them, hitherti*
untrodden by men. Livingstone wishe<l to
go to China, but God reserved him for
Africa.

Gbokok Mo Dodo all was one of the
divine chosen ones, whose life was mould-
ed for his great mission among the children
of sorrow in he Canadian wilds. Lifu
on the farm trading on the lake-*, sojourn-
ing with Indians and niing ing with men
of iotelliuence and sterling ^tiety, all com-
bined to develop i noble manhooi, well fit-
ted fur enduring the hardships of •< pioneer's
life and g'ving inspiration amid arduous
toil. Much of his education was xaiued
from men rathe'* than bouki. Naturally

shrewd and observant, he cultivated the
habit of studying mankind, so that he
soon acquired a very extenbivc knowledee
of human nature. Just at the time when
he began to think and- act fur himself, he
was thrown amongst a class of people
noted for their intelligence, desire for in-
fnrniation, and genuine good sense. Con-
tact with other minus gave zest to his in-
tellectual appetite and strength was given
to his reasoning and conversational
powers.

Farm life taught him the use of tools
which enabled him in his missionary
work to build niicsion premises with little
or no expense to the missionary
snciet). Manunl labor in early liie placed
a power in his h ds which was well em-
ployed in teaching the Indians to lie-
come self-supporting.

TradiuK with the Indians gave him an
insight into Indian character and supplied
the means for atquiiii g h slight knowledge
of the Indian language by which he could
engage in couvei-HHtion with the natives of
the country, although in his work of
preaching the gotpel, he wi^s never able to
dispense entirely with the8er\icex of an
interpreter, 'i he ingenuity and enterprise
of the former Indian tiader weie often
tested in sailing the rivers of the North-
West and in being equiil to any emei^ency
in the many break-do .vns consequent upon
travelling over the prairie.

God was undoubtedly preparing our
kuhject for an earnest and successful car-
eer ab a missionary of the Gospel r.f tTesus
Christ.

On January 10, 1842, he was united in
marriage to Miss Elixulieth Chantler. She
had come to reside with her brother, who
had erected a mill and bo'gan bu^ine^soper-
atiniia near Burrie

Miss Chantler was a birth right member
of the Society of Frien<l8, but that she
might enjoy the privileges of religion, she
oiHt in her lot with the Methodist people.
At a watch-nigh<' servi'.-e c<in>lucte«i by the
Rev. Thomas M-^Mullen at Barrie in 1840-
41, she became lully iinprensed that it was
her duty to enifnge in dinstian labor with
the people of God and nut to wait until a
sufficient number of members of the
Society of Fi lends should tiirm a cougre*
gallon Having had instilled into her
mind fcoin childhood holy principles,
which beO'ime intensified by her relations
with the Mnth'<di8i people, she threw herself
at once among the Christian laborers who
rejoiced it her devotion and were quick-
ened by her enthusiasm in woikiiig for
God. Such an helpmeet could not but in-
fluence I he life of '.^borgb McDoooall
for good. For some time after their mar-
riage they lived on a farm, where now is

•

,•

located fchToi^ir^ 7

• "A'r.rJ' „r7. '-"i'" W"« Vol'

/ A schooler °.i°"*'"- "'"'"'*

/"n, Messrs \„ . ^^.S**"* out of fi,
/•*yrfwAa«,/« VVh?''® and bou«(,t ?u'j

1 J>urin^ the«« ♦ •
J 'he missionary had oA ^'*' ^'''^ buff»|l

"/'I not have te«ii »i . '-'"luda (m

. Hi. e«k for ITi *'""')■ 0>n\. "''
' toe 'ltu,y„f r-ii^; :■ -^^ ".awrtorf

'nethods would 5^ *'^'"' '»*ny of whiTh

Ce^lt"*? *° 'hat of t^rinT*^ *»««*»"«
iiowrever, to modify h.«.i? ."'''•"• uever

«tood\,p :, ""^ '"l"or traffic" ffi *''V*'
•natter b„ '^'^"°'' o^ thel»di '' '^ '»«
«'Pled me,."''^''''"'^ the tricks ^i" '" *!"«

J-ne i„c.e„ J, ii^-'^'^y^d at'"*";;
F"^d i'l pair "'^ «'"''S we"r? ""V-'

"are to do right " ri ^' * continual
«'*■ free froT, jh.

IHUIfUTHMlH

- iiinr'~iiir>irr —

fut,rep|»,„ ^f
'»^°l:'ed to him
"w Ideas ou
*'"» hi, evuer

"pNnMio hi,
' rolationa witj,

I'fVUndexpres.
ndivilualfm

^•"'d by the
^JJvea.m., to

» «nin.ll nught
'Mh, day and

(^ (iod.

l^"* consisted
■nKli«h «,.am.
knowledge of
' Indian Ian-
nis intfnse.
temperance
the office o/

lie strongly
obstinenco
y asserted
"8 to throvir
Tice piriy.
i'iveteratn
Boldly he
i»8 in this
' unprin.
'o them,

I at thid
ce and »«
tt rniilti-
^nflineh-
tlie sale

ersfotio.
>»• made
Indian
> salva.
^ndalso
^1 and

II hand
ng of
lot to
piice.
t and
'came
inual
tiont '
<>r a
toiJ.
ipof

he ' y
vi\.f
lere
ner
the
(ha

cares of husiimss, the higher rpRponsihil-
ities of Ills spiritual uature weighed upon
his mind, demanding an nn»wer to the
great quest icm of giving h's life to the work
of saving the souls of iiieu.

Th<) hiisbfind und wife talked the mutter
over pmyerfully and earnestly and they
both telt impressed that dut.v demanded
that their united lives should be otTered as
sacrifices for the spiritual restoration of the
^Ind^ans of mouiitam, forest and pUiin. Up-
permost in their minds rose the mat-
ter of education. Funds were low, the
family must be supported, but an educa-
tion also must be obtained To c >llpge
then he determined to go. In order to
secure the financial help ncceisary, he
went the fallowing autumn to the fishing
^grounds at Horse Ishnd, near Mani^oulin.
* Thur«^ he toiled hard and made money suf-
fic^nt to enable him to go to Cobuurg,
where he became a student in Victoria
College. Two weeks before he returned
from the fishery the first great sorrow fell
' upon the household, thai was in after years
to have its cup filled to the brim. Tlie
babe of the household, aged thirteen
months, Moses, their third child, in the
l/father's absence sfckened and died, and
^ was buried in the Newash buryi.g
■ / ground.
' The fisliing being over, preparation was
made to bid adieu to commercial life and
to enter on his great missionary enter-
prise

Before the departure of the missionary
faiaily a letter of removal was piveu by
the Rev. James HntchinaQH at Owen
SguudT

In "this he stated that for several years
Mr. and Mrs. MoDougall had been " pious
and faithful members of the Wesleyan
Methodist Church," that brother \lo-
Dousrall had " abilities which if properly
cultivated and exercised will qualify him
for considerable usefulness in the church
of God, especially in the Indian depart-

7n.ent of it, inisr jch as he has acquired
an acquaintance witL thi) Indian Ian-
guags.'^

Mr and Mrs. McD>ugall went toCobourg
•^ alone, leaving their eldest son, John, with
/ ^Mrs. Cathay, a highly respected friend,
that he might attend school, and David
found a h'lrr.e with his aunt. The Rev.
Dr. McNabb was President of thn Uni-
versity aoa during thiti year resigned that
position.

Whilst pursuing his studies, George
McDougall paid special attention to thdde-
partmeut of homi'etii-s, and sought ook-
tinually to exercise his gilts in doing good.
The Rev. John Bredin was minister ou the
Cobourg flirouit and on the circuit plan
for 1840 there were eight appoiutmenta

with ii worthy ho«t of locsd prenchern
amongst ^hom were Conr.»'l Vandnsen >
and G'orge ivlcDr.ugull. The year 1849*^
was spent in enthuHia^tic study at the
college, and such wna the success that le-
sclted from his toil, that he begun hir^
career as missionary assistant to the
venerable Elder Case at Alderville. The
impetus given through his residence in Co-
bourg enabled him chroughoiit his life to
glean in his leisure moniisntH which were few
through the fields of literature and derive

{>rnfit and pleasure in the pursu tof know-
edge. He hade adieu to the classic shndes
of "Old Vic" and went forth to his
woik, inspired by that same beroii* spirit
that animated ohamplain and impoMed
him to sav *' Tne salvation of one soul is
oi more value than the conquest of an
empire."

CHAPTER IV.

ALDKRVILLB.

JN' various parts of the Province ut
Ontario theie resided bands of the
Mi^sisangah Inditns. War and
whiskey had done much to degrade them,
and many of the mosc influential
men had pasted away. Their religious
ideis were similar to those of other In-
dians, most notably at the present time,
the three tribes of the important Black-
foot Confederacy.

\nieiican Indian theology presented a
Great Spirit, a large number of lesser
di/inities, as the sun, mountains rivers
and trees, sacrificial offerings to the sun,
and an immortal life.

There was a sensual heaven, where the
Indians' love for hunting »ould be fully
gratified. This heaven was different from
that of the white man. As no special
revelation had been made for the Indian,
he concluded that the Christian religion
was not for him, and that the (ireat Father
had intended a different course through
life and a separate heaven for the Indian
and white man.

Through the labors of Seth CruWord,
Alvin Torey and others, many of theOjib-
way Indians had been converted, amungst
whom Were Peter Jones and John Sunday.

Wh'n the Indi ma had become partakers
of the grace of God they earnestly desired
to learn the " ways of th'; white man "
and enjoy the benefits of civilized life.

They were therefore anxious to give up
their wandering habits and settle down to
agricultural pursuits. Some of the Objib-
ways in the Bay of Quinte leased Grape
Island and in a short time began to reap
the results of their labois.

The Rev. Wm. Case, the Father of In-
dian iiUaions in Canada, with Peter J one*

P'«ce to comfortable Ini*^7*"?* *"»« Rive
«terior of these wa» mfdeTf i/P'^^ '^"d^^he
\'o that the peopJeTere ^'" ""'* «'«»n

ihe men w^ere ta„girt ['.if-^'P^'
.-They Jearned tn^!, , """S-

stands a son nTT"^ ~~ ~ —

'« the door oS f ''!.°"''*'«'-t*- NoM

^<denf ^a^-^l-^^J^ of ,«,o%,, ^^

f^anadian Indian m^t > *''« Acost/e of

Several ,„o„"tpr:^Ior;A'-^'^«''^'''e
by the Conference hV.?i **" *"« ''eoeptio,,

;"'''sion.and sucEMterth '^"" "" *'>i"
"lade upon tha venTrnkf * ."* ""Pressfons
iy^- the obj:S';p'»'«^-onary that
rjce,v,ng married men into r' •''«'''"^t

i»er ---"'"Vpt-^t:^^

of hi.torical%ad>anrf* '"'"i*^'' »'""" t
>n conneation with hi?' ^'■"'" ^'-^ studies
^cts gleaned i„ h' r'ad^'f- ^"'PorCt
-n acort.„onplaceS Jorf..^ •'"'^«^' ''°»v»
r^unng his residence af4K"''-/^^^''«n''«-
"rnied this method pu • ^'"'""^ ^^ cr.n-
«"Pgestive thoughts f^^'f • P^^«ages and
reading ^gre Zu °""'' '" his general
method. anrthJ 'dirr^''^^'' 4 thij "
^or His ^ork/hel '^^.j'^'ayhy.^^

moments of d^spZ et^'^C^^''"""" '"
study were few hnVi ""* hours for
fPare moments tn ' ? ^*« «hle in the
that bre,ith« j gather •> Thn.w.k^

Je saiieStom p^t To'^'" *'•'''* '•- "^As

tomed to keen a rl^ i J ^^ ^"s hccus
events of thes? tJty^ °^ ^^'> important

lt^r!i--y.^heTarefe^^^^^^^^ -to

^•tere3t"";rrga^'"l° ^ f ^ -^ X
'"embers of the C *""«»l'y eo the

A reserve -if «« i
"'^^ «e'ected „ tho'^ '°"'' thousand acres
'" the county of Korfr''?'''> "^ ^Inu S
g«f t at the head of R c 'T't '■''"'^' »nd aj'^

ooi/t by Governmpnf j*^°ttageswere
/"e Rev. VVm n
"filch they »e„ taoih, ihJ^ *" «"'■ >•>

on the alert to enlist ?hl ^® '*'"« ever
people on behalf of th«T!,-'"P*thies of

^i^e^iZaTnlr'''^ transformed' iZ
•terature oFhl^'^T''^}''' '"'^iary
'a?t8 and anecdote/'. "".^^ "tiJized the
private work 'Tk •'" *•'« P»bliu a,!?
Intelligence in aft'lf "' "f "..ssronj^y
»» * new. dress *"„d7.Tr^^''^''«'»'er.d
beauty, when enrantnl '^'^'.^'"^^"ed with
them at the miSnl '^ thousands h-anl

;l "«tratio„ Lm the ItS:^ ^'''''"onaT
finf. ^ speaker himself » ""''"^st "fe

fcr-"-^!^onh??st-^

"ntilJh/in^rifS -^« '-'^'''""y kept
"'ork compeS fw'r''r«''''''tie^s of the
^orc 8u!fo,{^i ' 11 '"«". to lav «*W. L„ *

Only occ;

enlargo hii

period! of

spent in Im

hatf-breeds

His woi

neoMsitatei

dustrial 8c

the generi

time was

the pastoi

the a.'ooui

the wants

teacher's i

known oi

mysteries

Often tin.(

to thf pec

' and thou

uheerfall>

tiood CODS

As he f

nf men, h

after the

. fastiDtJi a

his spirit

siifht int<

knew tha

as a soul-

vation oJ

to use t1

doing go

Such
by him i
an<l to
labours,
proper ]
the red i
The ^
whore li
missions
stories
four feel
the base
WiUiK
Snperin
McDou(
Cathey
These
faithful
Indian
part of
mission
Indian
prentio
end. I
,/ farewel
^ and si
niiMioi

»sa»^^

J Jo^ea, of the
Inverts. So^.
Ir-J- of co,,^

^"'•y for be-

Arost/e ^Vf*^
^'nerville
^ ':««eptioii
;e»t on this
"n press fona
""ary that
'® .'igaiiist
nj'nistry,
pee airioDjij'

.year of

'^y his
« n Vio-
amount
'i stiid/ea

BO «Jo»vn

Terence.
Jie Cf.ij.
«es aud
general
y this
n store
tion in
irs for
in tile
"ghts
As
>oner
Jcus-
•ant
an(I
into
ary
tile
od
ry
ed
th
•d

Only ocouionHlIy was he permitted to

[enlarge hia Indian vocabulary by short

periods of study, as liis life was chiefly

spent in beginninff new missions amongst

hatf'breeds and Indians,

His work as assistant at Alderville
necessitated the supervision of the In-
dustrial Hohool in Mr Case's absence, and
the general affairs of the mitsion. His
time was fully occupied with preachini<,
the pastoral care of the Indians, lieeping
the a.'oounts of the mission, attrndin^ to
the wants (>i the school, exclusive of the
teacher's duties and varioub other matters
known only to those initiated into the
mvsteries of an Indian missionary's life.
Often tin.es he preached the Word: of Life
to thi- people in the surrounding circuits,
and though adding much to his work,
cheerfully ne performed it, sustained by a
goo<l constitution and the grace of God.

As he faithfully t«)iled for the salvation
of men, he ceased not to enquire earnestly
after the true culture of the heart. By
. fastmg and prayer he 8on|;ht to develop
his spiritual nature and gain a deeper 'in-
sight into the ways of God. Full well he
knew that nomissionary could be^uccessful
as a soul-winner who neglected the culti-
vation of his own soul and he determmed
to use the Divine means for getting, and
doing good.

Such was the manifest progress made
by him in the development of his talents,
and so great the success attending his
labours, that he was deemed a fit and
proper person to go out unaideJ to win
the red men for Christ and his religion.

The Alnwick Seminary at Alderville,
whtfre he had been engaged as assistant
missionary was a large building, thice
stories high, sixty three long by forty
four feet wide, having sixteen rooms above
the basement, well heated and ventilated.

William Case, was missionary and
Superintendent of the Seminary, (ieorge
McDougsU assistant Misstonary,and John
Cathey master of the School.

These three earnest men had toiled
faithfaUy together for the elevation of the
Indian youth, and not the least important
part of the work bad been the training ot
missionaries for missionary work upon the
Indian RMerver— George McDougall's ap*
prentio«ship had practically come to an
end. Upon the 8th of July 18S1 he bade
y farewell to his dusky friends at Alderville,
^ and started on his journey lor bis new
niiisioa field.

CHAPTER V.

OABDKN RIVER.

|URING the days of Evans and Hurl,
hurt, the Indians living in the vici-
nity of Lske Huron had become the
subjects of the praytrs of the mis-
sionaries. Little had been done for their,
rave some visits paid by Pet^r Jones
(Kahkewayqiionaby), John Sunday (Shaw- ^
andais), and Thomas Hurlburt (Sauhgoh-
nash), but these had been of short ilnra-
tion,.snd although little could have been
expected, lasting impressions Aere made
upon the hearts of many of the red m«-ii.

The Conference of 1851. belrg fully k
aroused to the needi of the Indians, and
senoihle of the responsibility resting upon
the Church to carry the Gospel to thu
heathen, instructed Geurga McUougall to
establish a m«saion among the Jndianfl of
the Laks Huron reizion locating at comu
suitnble place. Obedient to the command,
he Mi his family and friends and priK-eed-
*^d to his mission field, followed by the
prayers of God's people. Inipreared with
the importance of the work assigned to
him he sought help at the throne ot
grace, and went forth trusting in the
protesting and Qulding power of the
Father f.f all. Preacbincr and making
explorations an he travelled he finally
reached Garden River, where he called
the Indian Council together, setting be-
fore the Indian chie^, the benefits of
religion and their duty as Itaders of the
people. He agreed to become the mission-
ary to the Indiann at Garden River and
shortly after proceeded to 0«ven Sonnd
for his family, returning with them,
without any delay. Their reception was
anything but pleasant, nearly the whole
of the populativn being frenzied with
liquor, and great was the fear which fell
upon the mission family. "Never de»;paii-" ^
was the motto of the intrepid missionary,
and at onoe he repaired to the bush, cut
logs, prepared all the necessary material,
and speedily erected a large mission house,
and school house. The mission house was
nineteen feet wide and twenty seven feet
long, with a kitchen added, fourteen feet
wide and twenty feet long.

There were residing at Garden River
two bundled and eighty Indians, with one
band fifteen miles distant on Lake Superi-
or ; and another, twelve miles distant at
the foot of Lake George. There were
other tribes of Indians along the North
Shore, so that the mission became a centre
of niissionary effort and consequently the -
choice of the location was an excellent one.

Within two yetaB a great change had
taken place among the people. Severn 1
not ble persons were converttd, the

I '

Council appointed ten Indiana to act aa
conatablea, who ahould aeize and spill any
liquor brought into the village, temper-
ance principles spread rapidly, insomuch
that the prevalent dissipation soob disap-
peared, and instead peice, harmony and
sobriety reigned. A chapel was built
through the help of the Indiaas, the
children were taught in the school, some
of thAm being able to read the Scripturui
and sing very sweetly the hymns in their
own language. Thirty members were
received on trial, one young man died
triumphant in the faith of the Gospel, and
many expreasions of love for tliu truth had
been given. About forty dollars hud
been subscribed by the young converts to-
ward the funds ot the missionary Society.
Rapid had the progress been in temporal
and spiritual things and the he irts of the
mission family were filled with gratitude.
Having strong faith in the civilizing in-
fluence of Christianity, the missionary
prepared fields and taught the Indians by
precept and example how to besome self-
supporting. Amongst all the Indian
tribes where liquors were easily obtained
intemperence prevailed, smiting the peo-
ple as with a scourge, demoraliziu^ them
as a foul monster of sin, and promoting
disease and death. In the old whiskey
trading days in Manitoba ana the North
West Territories, the Indians repaired to
the forts and trading posts to barter for
goods, where for a short time the
formalities of sivage life were strictly
adhered to, but these werd quickly dis-
peused with when whiskey and rum were
ghven to the red men, and then the mid-
;^ig{ht air resounded with hideous howls
of debauched men and women, and the
i 'enes witnessed were tioo foul for lan-
guage to describe.

The Garden River Indians were not any
exception to the rule. Men, women and
children dr.ink freely and the inevitable
conse(|uenoen followed of immorality and
death. Mothers maltreated their off-
spring or forsook them, so that death
followed, and young and old men in their
continuous oarouaals fell into the camp-
fires and were either crippled for life, or
burned to deith.

The missionary l>ecame fully persuad-
ed that something must be done and tiiat
right spetdily for the salvntioit of the
people. Meetings were held and Councils
called for the purpose of enlisting the
support of the chief men and inculcating
temperance principles among the people.
Temperance louiures were given. Societies
formed, youn|( and old pledged to total
abstinence, and the support of Governriient
otiiaials sought to mako the Indian Tem-
perance movement a success. Cireat was

the succe» of the enterprise, but of greater
importance was the declaration of the
principles of Gospel Temperance. Faith in
Christ became more potent than faith in
an organization or in any set of prihcipl s.
Christ was revealed to them as the Saviour
of the body, as well aa tlie soul, and Gospel
temperance became an established fact.

A monotonous life is that of the Indian
upon a reserve, tending to develop a spirit
of laziness and dependence. The advent
of the white man destroys their former
habits of living and consequently
help must be given in the native transition
stat?.

The missionary at Garden River found
many of the boys and young men growinp
up in ignorance and idlene^s.a condition of
atfairs tending to produce crime and
materially retard the progress of missiim-
ary work among the Indians. Hn longed
therefore for a Manual Labor School such
as had been established at Aldcrville.
There was in contemplation the erection
of .such NH institution at Owen Sound.
George McDuugall deaired greatly that
this should be full> realized. There is
not the least doubt that had such an in-
stitution at thai time been built and the
youuK men and boys belonging to the
Northern and western tribes drsifttd
there, the ci/ilizing of these natives of
Canada would have been mote speedily
accomplished. But there was no use of
repining and it was only needlessly spend-
ing euergv and time to wait listlessly for
such an institution, so the indefatigable
missionary with the assistance of Mr.I)a>;g
the school-teacher, taught the children in
the school and gathered the young men in
the evening for a " night school " where
they were instructed.

The Indians manifested a spirit of
loyality to their teanhers and faithfulness
to the Great Master of Life, Jesus Christ.
Several of thom died rejoioins in the faith
of the Gospel and these had ueen rescued
from the depths of heathenish superstition
and vice. Some who had listened to the
truths of divine revelation and had yield-
ed their hearts to Christ, were stranger.-i
to the camps which the missionaries visited^
yet in the pagan camps they retained
their f.iith, and in their last hours they
sought not the incantations of the medi-
cine men, but went home to God "washed
in the hlnod of the I^mb."

An Kiiglish C^huroh ticrgyman called to
visit iMi> Indians at the point of death,
during the cholera plague amnnir the
Indi-uu around Lake Superior,foi>nd them
rejoicing in the hope of immortality. Up-
on enquiry he learned that several years
firevious, they had li(;t(>nod to the pr«Rch-
ng of the Gospel and had been baptised

■by the B«\
■years of terl

1 A «n»"T

Ithe tw^'

travelUng -
I a band o! 1|
CO the Ca^
ahores of L.
yje writes -.1
has an »tn|
point, in
foxwA ft ,
geventv-tv

frcrtn P*l

twenty y\

late B«^1

claiift to «

these yefti

body ol }

fttith. anc

ship ^^*l
The teswj

Bay Cotnf

oiven in ',

a -godly]

aer vices,

Ureases I

have not!

the whit

persist

bigoted <

iheir ft»

they h*

b»pti«e(

mised \

teachir

Mor<

visit <i

Douga

prnacti

pie V

chief

hoard

the r

and

Fftitl

thes*

exar

tlost

» n

cau

M«

St»

th-

«c'

ire

'•^'er found
'«n growiac,
condition of
•"•jnie and
^ 'niaaioii-

AldcrviJle.
"« ei-ecfcion
'«"« Sound,
"""y that
i here )«
i^ch ail in.

't and the
Jg to the
8 rfr,.fttd
natives of
"pood I ly
[»'> U8« of

'y spend-
f'ly for
'ati^ablt
Jr.Da^g
itiren in
men in
' where

frit of
^ulness
^hriat.
' faith
"cued

tition
the
'ield-

ited.

'«ed

hey

a<if.

hed

th,
he
•rii

P-
r»
)■
(J

imti-tMifmimu^mmtmmmi*'*''')''^

mmm

^fmmgSl^issvmBm

■ggigwMli jTO > tf I '' "-€ "^ " M S J Ig jtjli a i ra t aCT ll

t>y the Rev. Thomas Hurlburt, and after
[years of temptation t hey were still trust-
jinfc in God, faithful even unto death.

A similar circumstance has come to
I light in later days throueh the* labors of
' the KttV. Silas Huncin|;aon, who while
travelling over his district in 1886, found
a band of Indians near Chapleau, a station
on the Canadian Pacific Railway on the
shores of Lake Superior, concerainf; whom
he writes : "The Hudson Bay Company
has an important post established nt this
point, in connection with which I have
found a band of Indiana, numbering
seventy-two souls, who were converted
froftn paganism at Michipicoton over
twenty years ago under the labors of the
late Rev. George McUougall. They
claim to be Methodists and through all
these years, although separated from the
body of their tribe, they have kept their
faith, and maintained their roligiuus wor-
ship without the aid of a missionary.
The testimony of Mr. BInck. the Hudson
Day Company s oHicer, on their behalf jvas
given in these words : 'These Indians are
a godly people. I often attend their
services, and iiud their prayers and ad-
dresses fervent and intellisfnt, and they
have not been corrupted oy the vices of
the white men.'

Persistent efforts have been made by
bigoted ecclet'iastics to seduce them from
their allegiance to Christ, but hitnerto
they have retiated all such overtures I
biptised five of their children and pro-
mised to do what I could to obtain a
teacher for them.''

More than thirty years previous to this
visit of Mr. Huntingdon's, Guorire Mo-
Dougall h id gone amongst those Inditns
praauhing (Christ, and fot a time the peo-
ple ' rejected the truth, but when the
chief had lost two of his children, and
hoard for the drut time the doctrine of
the resurrection, he became iiubmissive
and yielded his heart and life t#*God.
Faithful all through these years have
the8e\>eople remuinod to the truth, an
example worthy of ^dmirition, and one
destined to remain in our recollection as
a notable illustration of dpvotion to the
cause iif Christ.

About forty miles above Sault St<Vi^
Muritt, the Methodists of the United
States had a flourishing iniiiHion among
the Indians, and an exeelleut binrdinif
school so otfiuioiitly conducted and suo-
osssful, that the missionary of Garden
River eagerly desired the funds necessary
to carry on s nimilar enterpriw.

Durioff t*ie six years spent at Gsrden
River, tn^ education of the young and
the methndj adopted for oiviliiioic the
people were the chief objsots of the mis-

sionary's care. Earnest labor won the
hearts of the natives from their heathen
orgies and immoral practices, implanting
love in their hearts, and arousing them
with the hope of better things. Grati-
tude arose in the hearts of the people
toward their Christian benefactor, which
was expressed in their changed attitude
towara bim and the i^ospel, and became
a source of blessing to all. In the coun-
\ cil one of the chiefs named Oeestah made
'a very effective speech, thanking the
^missionary for his kindness and devotion,
■(tnd urging the Missionary Society to es-
dablish an Indian Industrial School among
the (irarden River Indians, so that the
children might be educated and taught
to work. Ogeshtah, and Pahahbetahsung,
another chief of the same tribe of Indians,
in a letter to the missionary, sent, sub-
sequently to the speech, expressed their
love for the Oospel, appreciating
highly the benefits which had resulted
from its acceptition, and rejoicing in the
fact that the fire-water had cow no power
over them. Peace and harmony reigned
in the camps, where formerly drunken-
ness and fven cannibalism were prevalent.
The Rev. Dr. Sanderson visited the Indi-
ans and wai greatly surprised at the ra-
pid improvement made in material things,
and abundantly satisfied with the mani-
festations of piety and the earnest lives
of the people.

One source of great spiritual enjoyment
amongst tlie n itives was the camp meeting
— ministering to the emotional part of
their nature, tor it is a singular fact, that
although in their savage state, they are
trained to suppress their emotions, there
are none mote excitable in religious ser-
vices when the Gr,spel has touched their
hearts.

Filled with love to God, they abandon-
ed all pretensions to piety, and sought in
simplicity and sincerity to do the will of
God.

CHAPTER VI.

RAMA.

^MN the 12th day of August, 1857, a
(H9| letter was sent by the Rev. Enoch
®g*i Wood, I). I)., Superintepdent ol
*^ Methodist Missions, to lleorge Mo-
Dougall, inntiucting him to proceed to
Rama as m ssiunary to the Indians located
ilierti. With the characterihtic loyalty of
his race, the missionary left, not without
feelings of regret, his Garden River Indi-
ans, and prccripded to his new field of toll.
In this land of the lakes, he trod upon
ground made classic by it* Indian lore,
venerated by the student of Canadian
history, because of the martyrs' blood

"■'i 'J

.1; "

'«!#■

''f^J had Stained the 8od~ . ^~-— _____

^ the villaZ o?^1f ^'"^«?e and Huron were Zf ""^I" *« ^^^ '"'■'sioi^iiTw^"^""'

vra.aful f . Cahiague or Cnniir^ i®**"'* ha^e beat fast whr. *l L.*"** o«>"
WyeVeastof pfiV^^'^.^f the rJ; M^><^ l^ecl Men foui^ht .n,, , .

Wye^as of P«^"* ''*»k of "th

« 1639. which fhey;a*^„TdL'"';^^'«"''rie,

^^as surrounded by^sto^ewaM •**'"'>'• ^^
a chapel, mission house T.? '"'^^''^''^^J
the .nissionaries and the Fr "'"L '^'''^^'^
and store houses f«t French people

"^the forTTaV°*a^"S"- f^^''^

Christian Indian ceniete^f ^T'^^''' »

closure well protecfce,T li ^.', '*"*^ "^n «"-

a« hospital for thfi'iol "' ^^ "^^'^ <*«

place f.,r travellers rr ' *"^ a resfine

«' «?««'. bI;. ;^J-,„^P«" ^'« VVest co...af

n.ng into it. there was a Wn "T' '"''■

r I^«i>.. where in 1649 C"T """^^ **t.

rnantwereo.ptur«X.h« i"^ ""'^ ^'^'«-
in the village of St T ^''"^"018. and
ahout two and a /mif .r"***'""' ''istant
to death. unSer he mo f' ''7 ^^-^^ P" »
by their captors In ''! ^'■"•^' t°' tures,
the Indian ^oy^^try^lCl iT^ !'^''' «^
his allies attacked their .n^'P'"'" «"''
|n.«..onary enthusia „ ,,are l"V''' ■ ^^''^«'«
Indian canips to TeM Ih '" ''«'* the
cross, and Orave .„e„ .jed f ".T^ "^^ »»'«
Christ and human ho^, 1 '^^ *''« 'ove of
"•"•"3 of the a."cie. t lordrof'"""'^ !''« «•«• '
natives of our Domi^ on i "tf"^'^^' ^he
of Sim, — r_ ".""nion. In the County

anmze "^ "" "l"> >ii«h wiM
MeeH i« u„c„u,-„ „^„„^,„_ „„ ,^^,_.

^Z!i' " "-"PP'" •» »y.tcry pro.

overewe. -"""Bht. but all i,' .
There „. „ ^,„,..,„^ ,^^^ ^^

blow, P»'»iea A-ith some gi«nt

fevv stray skulls
bones I
These are the

brief— „.„

rwere easier fnr to read thn

stones. *^ ^ho spooohless

'PI.- a

« lioup of bimta
reoo,-,l._,h„ tradition.

Pr;Ti^oi,"-rt^.3'':n;ir;;-

jatinn to ua, i,„j '™> afo ever re- Ihe iiiiu|,t„ u...

lo.v.t. "I'ioh we c.„ never I collr^r' "™"' ■•""'"» ™ th.ir

/ «e«W«t iniwionarv M,.l> "1; "" '"■•»■ »'l'o were t|X, ? ""'' '""" •'

i^r^^ «•;£ ??^si'^^ Air?"""'-"""' "'■^' ""

Ihe H.*- ^r
r^ed, Gftorge

je "as surely

f««onsofthe
f nfesB that mo
|«r. ant? our
l<nk,ng of the

^xpreates oar
this sacred

oeuturlpa
"^red ; lost
' J'ke last
gl^rounds,

ve days,
inful tale •
such wild

S down a

• on their
(I»rlctiess

*""y pro.

past ;

K<ou;id;
lit all j, ,

«!' We

deeds;

* ginat

'hat it

urnsQ

itions

liluss

>rce,
I of

heir

e«/

«d •

tow,n8hip of Rama, on the e^ibtern shore
of Lake Couchichirig, in the County of
Ontario, The work had been suuce^sful,
the return of membership for 1846 being
one hundrod and twenty six, the largest
number ever reported in the history o! the
mission.

The Garden River missionary, trans
ferred to this new tield, entered upon his
duties with enthusiasm. The iiifluence
of the white men had become injurioub to
the welfare of the Indians, and stringent
measures had to be adopted for suppres-
sing drunkenness and crime. By f<iith-
f ul dealing, many were reclaimed from the
paths of vkud, and constrained to live de-
v.itedly to (iod.

On June 13th, 1859, (Jeorpe McOougall

was appointed to the ottice of Local 8up-

eriutendent of the Townships of Mara

/?in«l Rama by the County Council. Kver

^ anxious to do good, he did not conKne his
Iiibiirs to the Indians, nor to that which is
strictly called sacred. In many ways,
and at nil times he labored for the weal of
the red and white races, ever striving to
inculcate right principles nnd h^ad them
in the path of peace and fortune. In a
great iiieitsiirtj he was successful, and there
was cause for rejoicing, through being
favored with striking eviilenucs of ma-
t<ri'ial and spiritual prosperity among the
people.
- O.I October 28th, 1859, he was invited

^t<> Toronto to attend missionary meet-
ing!), and the untr lined eloquon of the
missionary won all hearts, gn tly ex-
tending his influence, increasin^^ ihi mis-
sionary revenue, and deepening tiie inter-
est of the people in the new phase
of life. The toundttiois laid among
the Ojibwa>s of Kama have remaineil
sound, nnd tlin successors of Mc-
Dougall have been fiitliful men, who
hxve sought the Indians' welfare iri>'apeo-
tive of tiire.kts of censure or promises of
reward. In 1S74 a vice-regal visit was
ptid to tho mission atatinn, and after that
period during the incumbency of the de-
vo ed Thoinat WooWey, sever il notable
visitors sought health and knowledge up-
on the eastern shores of Lake (>oiiohich-
ing. Tiio lute Senator doiin Miicdimald,
ut Toront >, roctiived tlie Indian cngnoinen
of Wah-sa-ge shig, which means Uiitjli'
JMff, fconi tho chief men of Kama, during
» viiit made to the Indians,

CHAPIKK VII.

NOKWAV liOliSK.

N the month of ,hinc, 1K60, (teorge
Moi^uUii:iU wan appointed to the far
distant minsion at Norway H'Uise,
iu the Hudson's Bay iurrilory,

with the position of Chairman of
the District, including Rossville, Ox-
fonl House. Edmonton, White Fish
Lake, Lac-La- Piute, and other mission
stations. In those early years the au-
thorities of the missionary suciet'ies be-
lieved in ext<-nsive districts and missionb
giving full scope for tne energy and
talents of the faithful mi::sionary. A
short tiir.e sufficed to make all necessary
arrangements for the journey, and with a
hasty fureweil, followed by the prayers
and good-wishes of Christian friends, the
mii'sionary and his family embarked at
Colling wood on an Ameiican steam boat
for Milwaukee, then by rail to La Crosse,
where they engaged passage for transpor-
tation lip the Mississippi to St. Paul.
Hy overland route they reached the Redi^
River, and rl'icing their teat and all \
earthly pnssess-ions (m a barge, by dint of
severe work, for eight days and nights at
the oars, they linded at iriaj HBSiyi ■♦he^i O^

■p»-««»>. I "1 1 iiit Miiiiiiliii»iiii .^Sii|nli ij|j|j

»vr" J^

the prospects at tiiat time, and so great\ ;iC^<,t.^-%^
the spirit of progress manifested by the ^ '"Xa* -

settlers, that the missionary was more
than delighted with what he saw, pre-
dicting that "the day is not distant*
when the limitless prairies which environ
the banks of the Assiniboine will rank
amongst the finest wheat-growing coun-
tries of British North America." Leaving
Winnipeg (Fort Garry) they proceeded by»^
boat to Norway House, (Governor ivlc-
Tavish, ot the Hudson's Bay ('oinpany.l
kindly assisting them, and after ten daysvf ' Si/.'-^ri^
journey they reached their destination. \ ___^-__
Home at last ! Alth<uigh far fmm their \
kindred, surrounded by thousands of In-
dians, deprived of many luxuries, and
subjected to many inconveniences", they
rejoiced tint tne end of the journey was
gained, and that before them lay lii-lds of
usefulness wherein they might labor, and
glorify Cod.

Norway House was one of the jhief de-
pots of tlie Hu<Uon's Hay Company,
situated at the north end of Like Winni-
peg.nearly four hundred miles north fvnm^
the City of WiiinipKg. Norway H<mse
was fi)unded in 18i9 by a party of Nor-
wegians who established themselves at
Norway Point, having Ijcen driven in
If<l4 15 from tho Red River settlement.
The f'Kt was built st the mouth of a
small stroim called Jack River. Thi« was
an exoellnnt location for a mission, and
justihed the choice of James FiVans, the ,
fiiundor of the misnion. Krom the whlely
scittered reuions of the North-West, the
Indians of different tribes and the Hal!-
Breeds onoe and twice each year visited '

the hirt, the brigido of bo*tB from North
Factory aud Red River for Athabasca

and Mackenzie River passed to and fro
en their annual trip, and to the represen-
tatives of several tribes the Gospel of
Christ was preached, and the story uf
Calvary was repeikted p round the camp
fires in the far frozen north. The mission
station was located about t« o miles from
the company's fort, and was named by
James Evans^Rossville, in honor of Don-
ald Ross, Factor of the Hudson's Bay Com-
pjny, resident et Norway Uoube *

The Indians among whom George Mc-
Dougall was destined for a short time to
labor, belonged to the Cree confederacy.
Their language sounds sweetly to the ear,
especially when the Chiistian hymns are
sung in the native tongue. James Evans
had invented in 1841 a sylbibio system of.
the language, by means of which an un-
cultured ludian of the Northern forests
could, master his lantruage, and within one
week read the Bible fluently in his own
tongue. Hymns, catechisic, and the
Bible had been translated into the Cree
language aud printed in the syllabic
characters, f

William Arthur, M. A., in his attractive
volume on the Mysore Mission, says :
•• Every missionary ougnt at the wry out-
set to determine that, by the help ot God,
he will preach to the p-^ople in their own
tongue as well as if he weie a native. To
fix itn aim lower than this is suicidal to
his own respectability and influence."
The early missionaries to the American
Indians attempted this and succeeded.
Evans and Hurlburt were eft'ective speak-
ers of the Ojihway language, and theie
are no whit« men to be found who can
JiL'k more fluently and forcibly in the
~y'*Cree tongue than John McDougall and
Urrin German.

The foundations having been laid,
/•eurge McDouk^ali entered into the work
y' with love and euta.isiasm, as the sucues-
sor in the miss'on of Hobort BrfMikine,
who had toiled bravely and with suocess,
as he had formerly dune as a missionary
for seven years on the Western Coast uf
Africa.

Despite the difficulties attending mis-
oi'inary wurk in the Nuith-West, and the
indiKnities heapnd upon thn Indians by
white, many of the red men were anxious
tor the Gospel.

The Rev. Allan Salt, a native Ojihway,

/' labured fur three years at Lao-La-Fluie,
and although many hinarunues were
thrown in his wi*y, he was encouraged in
I'U work by the Indians, as khuwn by the
following letteia :

" Fort Frances, Lac-La-Pluie.
June 8th, 1857.
To our MiMinnary :

Von ha^e come to this part to look for
us, but our relatives will not do as yon
wish.

Now, we Indians on the British sid«> de-
sire you to establish a mission at the Fort
of Lnc-La-Pluie, Little Rapids, where
we wish to cultivate the soil and build
our houses, where you may teach wisdom
to our children, and where we may hear
the Word.

We are poor ; we do not wish our re-
latives to throw us down , wp wish you
to use all the power you have to help us,
for we need help in tools, alsi clothing to
cover us from the heat of the sun ; and
mity our good ways go up to the sky.

Signed by the Chiefs by marking their
respective totems.

(iABAowPN. (Buck.)
WuzHiTHiiKooNCE. (Turtle.)
Shinitwigwun.
Gabauwitnashkuno, Speaker.

Witnesses, .Ioh.n McDoKald,

NioHo'. Ciiantellan, his
terpreter

Addiessed to Allen Salt, Wesleyan
Missionary.

(Beaver.)
P.M.
mark, In-

Th* Spferh nf Paiiifauhiifwatrault, CInef

Of Naumakiiun, *o Alttn Salt. WeMeynn

Minitionary,

Now I speak tr. you, my friend. Give
me that which will be useful to my chil.l.
Give me that which Ktshamunido has
given you to tell. I pull you to help me.
I put thnt into your head.

Now I speak to ytui missionary. Help
me, for the white man is coming very fxst
to fill my country. You who speak the
word of God, I want you to see me every
time Kishamiinido brings the day. Now
we will listen to each other. I desire to
follow your ways, ><io thiit my children
may have the beuftit. I want seed, that
my chfldrcn may plant an«l raise food.

Though my little bpeecli is like shooting
on the run paHsing by me on your way
home, yet listen to me.

I have confidence in your person, in
your high office, and that you will help
li.e so that I may be able to subdue the
ground.

Now I desire to raise my children in
one place. Now look out for the best
place for we, my friend.

Now I ddlight in seeing tiie sky which
Kishamunido has made. I *1esire you to
give me a domestic animal, 'or an Indian
is not able to do what uugh'. to be done.

V'ou mikSionary, hAv> you not the
means so tliat you might let my children

have »om|
the mo»»f^
Uowt
I see you

yott. "1

Signed

GeoTgl

ance ^e^f

before tl

arousedl

a short |

\ng coni

The
favor iX
good n»|
the la«
of the
and thfj

tie* tH

^ 8oi>the|

never

»ion rl

best

auspice

Wis

by t'*'

/ dRn *■
'•The

have

aiten

libert

tion,

evan

and

n>ai'

beei

goO

ado

an(

hi>

l.i<

Bi<

a
\
c

*MoI,ean'a "Jnmfit Emnii, InvtiUor of the Syllabic Synlem of thrCrei' hanyuaiff,"
pnires 149, 102. 154.
fMoLuao's '* The tniliaiu of Canada ,"f.%ge» 3o5, M^.

...mtmrnimm

l-Plufe.
ph. 1857.

(to look for
do an yo„

|»*> RidP de-
If the Port
''". where
*nd bmifi
wisdom
^"ay hear

fi oiir re.
vish you
help U8^
'^hing to

"0 ; and
sky.

iR their

^aver. J
M. '

"^k, In-
Jaleyan

Give
chil.J.

> haa
• nie.

Help

fxst

the
rfty

tow

< to

roil

lat

»g

»y

P
e

have something to cover themselves from
the muakitoes.

Now my dish is stone. I wish to be as
I see you. I desire to have dishes like
you. If I see according to my words, I
will listen to what you 8a> to me.

Signed by marking his totem,

Pauyadbidwawash, Chief.*

George McDougall by means of temper-
ance lectures and sermons, and by setting
before the people an example of energy,
aroused them from their lethargy and in
a short time the mission Was in a flourish-
^ ing condition.

The missionary was not inclined to
favor the location of the mi>4sion, nlthough
good men and true had toiled there, but
the lack of farming landr, the prospect
of the ultimate failure of the fisheries,
and thi) rawness of the climate, induced
him to ur^e upon the missionary authori-
^ ties the lomoval of the mission to a more
I/' Southerly location. The proposedohange
never took place and Norway House Mis-
sion reintioit until the preseu t day, the
best American Indian Mission under the
auspices of the Methodist Church.

Wise aud timely were the words penned
by the Missionary Secretary iQ,l ^e Mis-
^ s ionaiy Repor t for 1862. relatingtoTaTfa-
r dian Indi4b MiiWlAnil. The report stateis:
''The Society's Indian Misaions in Canada
have long and properly obtained much
attention, and elicited an unwearied
liberality from all classes of the poputa-
tiim, and they have been repaid with the
evunueliKati tu of thousands of untutored
and degraded ftagans, whose stability and
niaiurity in knowledge and virtue had
been wished,' aud after a short period in a
goOil degree maintained. The plans
adopted tor this end have been scriptural
and the agency employed in the case of
Native Labourers thuu>!h not always
highly intellectual has in all cases been
pious aud fitting, energetic and efhcicnt,
and the local superinteiidency of the mis-
sions has been committed to devoted
ivlihisters of prudence and probity. There
has been, and is, scepticism on the sub-
ject of Indian conversion and consistency,
and there ought to be care but not doubt.
Facts show that Canadian I'agans have
cast away their superstitions, received
Btble truth into the mind, beoome devout
wor'^hippers of (iod, lovers of Christ,
and sober, induatrious.and reapecttd men,
teinalea have been advanced to their right

Elaoe in domestic life and many children
ave received useful knowledge.
There have been defections and there
are uneradioafed evils to b« deplored.
The guud,nevertbeIeM,has the asoendenoy

*Caaadian Wesley an Methodist Report.

by the grace of God, on the established
missions. Considering the age and obstin-
acy of fornier habits, the taecinatious of
Paganism, their imperfect knowledge of
the English tongue, the civil imp<.sition8
they have to hear, and the snares which
some professed Christians lay for their
entanglement, it is not certain that the
defections among the Indians are more
numerous than among the white people.
It is a libel on the Author of the Gospel
to avow that Christian Civilization injures
a Pagan people, either numerically,
physically, socially, or religiously. The
Wesleyans have been <pecially favoured*^
by Providence in their attempts at Indian
evangelization. The triumphs of Indian^
death-beds if there were no other reasons
for satisfaction are an ample remuneration
for all the outlay and labour. The pro-
portionip of the good done among the
Aborigines would stand out to the ab-
tonishment of objectors if the Sabbath
and the Bible were abolished on the
Society 'smissions.themissionariessilenced,
Day and Sabbath schools closed, and tea-
chers and interpreters discharged, the de-
votions and experience of the prayer and
class- meetings terminated, the axe no
longer reverberate and the plough ceate
to turn up the virgin soil, the songs of the
saved be unheared, and the Red families
with all their faults left to fall back to
the darkness and baseness and misery of
Paganism. But a better and brighter
destiny awaits them."

Through the labors of James Evans,
Hurlburt, and Ihomas Woolse> the
foundations had been laid among the
members of the Cree Confederacy for es-
tablishing very successful missions. The
existence of the dee Syllabic Characters
of Evann, th<3 translations of the Scrip-
tures by Steinhauer and Sinclair and the
faithful preaching and pastortil work of
former laborers had piupared the way for
George McDougall and others to carry on
the work. The buccesses which followed
the ministrations of these worthy men,
were striking evidence of the value of the
principles taught and the liberality and
soundness of their schemes.

George McDniigall's report for Norway ^
H91l5fi_.J(oL_JiJQl-2. was very encouraging.''
It is as follows: —

Kuropean and Native oon-
present pleasing indications of
prosperity. At Norway House the Lord /
has raised us np a band of zealous young
men. Many of these are now leavinp for
distant parts, and having received their
spiritual nirth through the instrumentality
of the love-feast, olssB and prayer meet-
ings, they have beoome acquainted .vith

/■

" Both our
grogtitions

our system, and are pledged to work for
the Saviour.

At Rossville, the Indiiin village, it has
not been our happiness to witness especial
nutpourini{8 of the Holy Spirit, but the
V Lord has been most gracious.our quarterly
meetings havm improved, our services have
been most faithfully attended, and heathen
been gathered into the fold of Christ.

Our School may saf-ily be considered
one of the brijjhtest spots in tins land.
During the severest part ot the winter
the attendance was re>{ular: upwards of
-/ 30 of these interesting youth ciii read the
Word of God. Our Sabbath School de-
>, mands special attention : about one hun-
dred ara constant in their attendance. To
.^the laaios and friends at Norw^^y House
we are deeply indebted for their valuable
services in tliis w^ork of love. The cause
of temperance has been kept betore th«
public mind and a goodly number <>f l)oth
whites and Indians have pledged them-
selves to total abstinence.

In secular matters we have made some
advancement, and our church has been
^enlarged and improved: the Mission pre-
mises erected by the Rev. James Evans
we found in a most dilapidated condit-
ion. Daring the pjist winter every
available hour has been employed in col-
lecting matorial fur a new house. In the
village there are the marks of an improv-
ing people, new houses have been erected,
and new fields have been enclosed with
substantial fencee.

There is one subject that has sometimes
oppressed us, the loss of some of our most
^^prumising young people by death: yet m
tlie^e the great object of missions has been
accomplished. They all died in tlve Lonl,
A successful effort has been mado to in-
troduce wholesome reading. A box of
books received from Dr. Green was at oiii-e
di>posed of, and another is daily
expected. Our good people have not
been unmindful of their obligatinnR bo the
.Head of the Church for the Gospel.
jNorway House sends you a check tor
*"|£84 I6s. sterling. And Ko-svills In-
jdians theirs for £ 6, 5^. Number of mem-
'hers, one hundred and sixty seven: in-
crease twenty-seven.

The missionary toiler p.t Oxford Hcuse
had toiled during the same year with
^reat earnestness, and many tokens of
success had been given. Some of the In-
dians had read ttie new Testament in the
Cree Syllabic ('haracters entirely through,
and the study of the Divine Revelation
ih<td produced a higher type of piety and
civili/.iition. Amongst the number who
had died was .lohn Coland, Burn a pagan,
healthy and energetic, he beuauie an adept
in vice. He delighted in heathenish ous-

toms, and was a leader in all vicious

Eractices, but about the year 1850 he had
eard the Gospel and ultimately became
a christian.

He was a faithful class-leader dealing
gently with the erring, and boldly de-
nouncing sin. In his exhortations he was
true to the souls of men. For a fev
years his health was failing, and he suifer-
t-d keenly. While absent from Oxford
Houtie he became seriously ill, but in the
midst of his pain and weakness he wa«
constantly rejoicing and praising Josns.

When failing strength no longer per-
mitted him to manifest his joy, he request-
ed his nephew to read to him, and as he
read the words " Thou shall sec greater
things than these" the patient suQ'erer
passed awt,y to be forever with the Lord.

The ted men die well sustained by the
faith of Ciirist. Doubts have been enter-
tained regvrdiug the success of the oroapcl
among the Indians, and yet striking
evidengen have been given of the powei ,
peace, and purity given to the dying red
man.

West as well ns East of the Rocky
mountains, the Gospel has won many
trophies among the red. Sterling exam-
ples of true piety have been found among
the red men behmging to Duncan of
Metlahkatlah. and Crosby of Foit Simp- v
son. As early as 1861, success had at- /
tended the ettbrts of the early mission*
aru'S.

Tlio Rev. Mr. Rohson graphically des-x
oriticd the work he had done during that
year among the Indians at Nanaimo.
He stated that there were about twenty
thousand Indian-] in British Columbia asd
only two protestaiit missioniCries laboring
aiuoni/ them. And he ooutinues " It
id not true that all our Indians are more
degraded tan the Canadian Indians prior
to tlifir conversion and improvement.
ThHt m.ty be true of those around Victoria
and the lower h'raser, who live on clams
and fish., and havn much with ungodly
whites: hut it ie pot true of all. There
are no tribes in Canada 1 3 surpass the
(jueen Clia,i-lotce Island Indians, THhimp-
shians, Bella Bellas, Tongas, and Thomp*
son's River Indians. I have seen many
of them who stand bix feet two inches,
well built and capable of trofcinff with
throe hundred puunds of H<mr on their ,
backs: and they are capable of being edu-
cated. 1 I

I know a girl of ten years of age, who
committed to memory the Romish mass ^
service in three days. It now takes her^
a full hour to go through it at railroad!
speed ! Numbers have perfectly learned!
tile alphabet (large and small) in one I
evening. I did uot do that when I learn- 1

editl T
under8tan|
of the ti
the bligh
Contact
other to'
(iod have|
victims
have you
what I
built a
the Indi
the wor
for ii» ^
makers

sides m
thirty *
amount
jjet some
pel led t
oAnnot '
chuge.
diiuis ea|
service i
them,
one of tl
Kirst,
then rep
all repe
the com
portion I
well as
in Chit
translat
•li.iiis a
art vei
Soinetii
exol iin
they h<
of the
wliat t
Some I
of viv
O '. If
Spirit

is HOI

8pe"C

SU(!'»

if th

h»ive.

and >

Scho

now

llioy

niio

\vl\i

/the

Go-

tliri

tiln

•■hf

ngi

I'icioue

16 had

lecatne

ed it ! They also sonn learn to write and
understand arithmetic readily. And some
of the tribes are large and remote from
the bligliting influence of civilized people.
Contact with the whites at Victoria and
other towns has made much evil. M-y
God have mercy on them and the deluded
victims of their sin ! But you ask 'what
ha?e you done' ? Well I have tried to do
what I could. During the past year I
built a house 20x26 feet in size adjoining
the Indian camp at Nanaimo. ^Inst of
the work was done with my own handb :
for in tiiib country we are not only tent
makers but hou&e buiiiiets. It cost be-
sides my own labour, cnt- Imndred and
thirty dollars, thirty dollars of this
amount I raised here, and I hope yet to
get some more, but will probribiy be com-
pelled to a^k some iuilp from you, as 1
cannot well go this waifaie at my own
chiige. In this house I a'ssenibie the In-
dians each Sabbath, after tiie morning
service is over in the town, and preach to
them. I use the (■/linook lanjiuage, and
one of the Intlians renders it into A'nnninio.
•<"ir8t, I pray in ICjigliaii, (all kneeling),
then repeat the Li;rd'» Prayer in Nan;iimo .
all repeating with me. TIihh I explain
the com nandments, and selecting usuitable
portion of .Scripture, preuuh to them as
well as I can: after this we i«ing a vers
in Chinook, and the chwing prayer is
translated liy the interpreter. J he In-
dians attend often in lurgi; nunii)er8, and
are very serious, often deeply attinfive.
Sometimes they shtd teur«, aip* nttor
exuUmations of woudci' or joy at what
they hear. I am very lioptfid of several
of them. Tliese are fair lilo8boiii8. but
what till! finish will be remains to be seen.
Some fruit wv, h;ivi> had in the ics'raining
»»f viec and visible reforncitioii of life.
C ! lor the converting power of the Holy
Spirit to lest upon them ! My heart
is Hoinetiines melted to he ir MuMii jviug
8p«'!(!lies of ao've of tiiein in thoir councils.
Sue'i eloq'ioiice ! Such eainestness ! O!
if tliej were but eonverted, wo should
littve pieieliers of ttui riglit stamp, liniea
ami Siiiiilay riproduced ! I also teiieh l>.iy
School when I can do so, and there arc
liovv ab lut ten ^(jhoUr.H in atleii(laiioe,bnt
thoy are away (inliin>', voyaging, |Tlanting
and <liggini{ pi)tato-M,or wo'king .vith the
whirl! people more than half of thoir rime,
htvf visitefl some otlnr tril)es b»!sides
the iV.!,iiiiiin')n. Tli'iy all seein ripe for the
<»osjiid. I hivo often wilne>i'*e(l scenes of
thnllintf inlcrfit. among t'lem -crowds of
nInuMt breatnlesR lis'eiiers falling ti'ais —
vhoiits of gladiiuHH — entreaties ti' come
ngain —shaking hands with hundreds — but
I cannot enter into all the details. SVhat
i« wanted is uarzest.selfder.ying, hoiveu-

baptized men and women to devote thera-
se. es to this work, and a great and glor-
iou.2 harvest will be gathered. I have a
number of invitations from other tribes to
visit them, and have promised some that
I will go to th^m and tell them of the
Saviour".

All the su::ce88 of the Indian missions
had not been told. Some of the mission-
aries were extremely modest in recounting
their hardships and enumerating their
evidences of success. Inpartial travellers
noted the tokens of pood, when compared
with mission work ii other land". Mr.
Boyce one of the Gleneral Secretaries of
the VVesltyan Missionary Society of Great
Britain, after visiting soma of the Cana-
dian Indian Missions stated tliat he had
seen missions in South Africa, New
Zealand and various other parte of the
world, and he had never witnessed such
effects as had been produced among the
Mative tribes of Canada through the
labours of Protestant missionaries.

Not the least sm-cessful of our Canadian
Indian missions have been those among
the Cree Indians in Kewatin and Sas-
katchewan. Around the camp fires the
thrilling tales of adventure have oftentimes
been forgotten in the narration of the
story of the wondrous love of the Christian
Master of Life. The songs and stories of
the olden days have been rejected for the ^
sweeter songs and truer tales of the men
of faith who have done (lod's will.

CHAPTER VIII.

MASKEPETOON.

In the year 1862. the zealous mission-
ary whose life and labors we have been/'
describing first met the noble and warlike
chief MaHkepetoim or Broken Arm.
Oftentimes the devoted servant of God
had gone out upon the plains visiting the
Indian camps and prnachiug to the people,
the (lospel of the Crucified. Misname
had been mentioned with honor by the
dwellers in the lodges, who ever held in
{,'aleful remembraiicu the man who lived
tor their enlightmeiit and prosperity.
Upon one of these visits he entered the
camp of MaMUepetoon, and declared to
the people the Christ as the Great Sacrifice
f;»r Sin, A Story has been related ot the
influence uf (jod's grace over the heart
of this powerful and haughty chief.
<>eori!o MuDonjiall had been preaching to
the Christians and heathen in the camp of
Maskepetoon, who had entertaintd him
well, giving him the most dignified places
ond the choicest portions of their food.
The aged chief who was the head chief
had mastered the CreeHyllabiooharac )r8,
and when the miMlDDarv visited hiui he

I » '.

1 < -

was found reading the eighth chapter of
Romans from a copy of the New Xeiita-
ment which had been given to him by the
Rev. Thomas WooUey during the winter
of 1861.

The aged chief listened intently to the
story of the Cross, and especially to the
power of forgiveness ntianifested by Christ,
and this made a lasting inpression upon
bis mind. Every day the old w arrior read
two chapters in the New Testament in the
Syllabic Characters, and earnestly he was
seeking the light. The camp was moved;
and as the company rode on, during the
days when they were svekiug food, and
also revenge, one of the subordinate chiefs
went up to Ueorge McDougall and re-
quested him to fall back in the rear, as
they did not wish him to witness tlie suf-
ferings and agonj of a young n~*an whom
they weie determined to punish. Instead
of falling back, the intrepid man went
forward and kept close to the head chief.
Maskepetoon seemed to be lost in deep
meditation and his heart was evidently
deeply stirred by the power of the truth.
The roason for the precaution manifested
by the minor chief very soon became
evident' for they were approaching a band
of Indians among whom was a young man
who had murdered theson of Maskepetoon.
Early in the spring the aged chief had sent
^is son to bring in a band of hordes from
one of the valleys of the Rocky Moun-
tains, where they had been left to procure
good pasturage during the winter.

He selected a young man to accompany
his son, and to help him in the work.
Thev started together and not many days
afterward the young man returned, saying
that as they were travelling along one of
the dangerous pathways in one of the
mountain passes, the son of Maskepetoon
l:iosiiig his balaqce fell over a precipice
and was dashed to pieces. The young
man being alone could not drive the
horses, and after several ineffectual at-
tempts they became unmanageable, and
fled, so that he was unablu to recover
them. The story was indeed very plau-
sible, but not long afterward the true
version was given. The young man had
an opportunity to sell the horses, end the
temptation became so great that he slew
the chief's son, hid the reward of his
crime and returned to camp tn tell the
tale wriich covered his ^uilt. The aged
chief determined to punish the o£feuder,
and in accordance with Indian law and
custom, that implied death or compen-
sation by means of gifts.

Maskepetoon's l)and was now moving
tovard a party of Indians in which the
murderer had found a place. The
eye oi the haughty chief flashed

Are as he detected the murderer of his
son, and his whole body was tremulous
with emotion. Drawing his tomahawk
he rode quickly toward the young man.and
whilst everyone expected to see the culprit
dashed to the ground,they were amazed to
hear him address him as toUows: "Young
man ! By the law of our camps you are
doomed ^o die. 1 trusted you as a brave
and honourable young man, choosing yoa
above all others as the companion of my
son. You betrayed your trust and shed
innocent blood. You have beccne an
enemy to the tribe,and your name is hated
by my band ot wa.T>ors. I determined
when first I should meet you to dash my
tomahawk into your brains, I)ut I heard
the Praying man tell the story of the love
of the man called Christ, and the bock of
the Great Spirit tells us tn love our
enemies. That story has softened my
heart, and I forgive you. But go from
my presence, and never let me look upon
your face again, lest I should be tempted
to avenge the death of my son."

JDfteutimes in the camp of Maskepetoon
rffd Woolsey and George McDougail point
''^the Indians to the Lamb of God and many
of thn dusky braves became devoted fol •
lowers of Christ. The bongs of Zion arose
on the evening air, as they gathered
around the camp-fires, and with reverence
they studied the word of God in the
EvansV Syllabic Characters. When the
missionaries visited the camps the aged
chief Broken Ann and his companions
gathered around them asking questionb as
to the probable .departure of the buffalo
and the advent of civilization. When
they departed the red men longed for the
return of their friends who were able by
their superior knowledge to predict the
probabilities of thn future.

Maskepetoon oeoame a true Christian.
Incessantly he studied his Cree Bible and
devoted much of his time for the welfare
of the Cree Confederacy. Especially did
he become a peacemaker among the war-
like tribes of the plains. About the year
1865. a party of Bin jkfeet went north and
stole some horses from Maskepetoon's
camp. He determined to enter into
negotiations with the Blackfeet and if
possible 9ecure his stolen horses. Accord-
ingly he set out for the Blackfoot camp,
accompanied by his son and a few of his
followers. As they moved southward and
had reached Battle River, they abcended a
small hill and descried a band of Black-
feet coming toward them. It was a
mutual surprise, for neither party suspect-
ed the preience of the other. The few
Crees who were with the chief fled and
hid themselves, while the Blackfeet threw
aside their blankets snd rushed upon their

enemies. ^^^
ga7*d in amaae
of the brave c\
way with one
people, w*
Testament,
not to rega'
thought that
man who be
by his guardl
ThD Black
upon the age
him to tell th
he replied,
tent terror*

bered his U
mired the fe

Laying asic
approached
came frieni
from their
company tr
A treaty o
rejoicinK t
the guidau
visited Cre
and Saddl
tions wei
return M
the BlacU
horses rei
This t
three. y«
newed.
secure p
As he
his missi
met him
enemy 1
were si
body w
horses'
B'aokf*
The I
hundrc
ti-ne t
ready
still r
of th<
after I
of ng

gazed in amaMment •* ^^/^e .tood in the
Sf the brave «hief. There n^^ ^^.^

people, »°* J'*i^°;ed not »n^ ■**""*
Fe-tament. Be "^^^f " cc. Jhev
not to regard ^^^^^^ ^eat medicine

upon the aged »«;j' *^*;. .. Af a«fc«p««oo«'''
hU to teU them b« name ^j ^^^^ ^^^^,

he replied, and *•»';"" They remem-
lent terror to the»r hear^.; ^^/^v^ey ad-
hered his former P'^^^.Jjhe brave chief.

Spired the fearless -Frit^J ^tentions they
Laying aside their hostile 'n ^^^ ^

apjroached the midanjted h^^^^^^
came fiends. The cmei » ty^er the

from their h'ding P»»c J »» K^., ,^^p
company travelled to «roK amid mnoh

A treaty of » «*^J*'f,Ttivitie8. ^ Un<ler
reioicinK and ^"'^"y , .' a„ ih« Blnckfeet
the guidance of the oH man n ^ ^

vi«itedCreecamp8i«j;*"j„,,hernegot.a-
ami Saddle Lake, *"«•'' Upon their
tions were entered into. |(V" j^^„, to
return M«skepetoon wen* jr. f^,, stolen
the Blackfoot camp ana nau
horses restored. ^^ f^r about

This treaty «(, P*"^* tiiities w.-re re-
^""^/Xiin'hTwrnrsouthward to
newi-d. Again " . but failed,

secure F»««*f,rf£; southward uDon

As he *"»»*'*'' „T„arty of Blackfeet
his mission of P«"«?' ^^„\i8 inveterate
met hin^ --" Vhe"^a""ief and his ^n

rr^sh^ down .^^^^^^^^^^
Kes'TantwTSrdrag^ed into the

Blackfoot camp. ,. ., wjHed over one
The Orees in '^^^'^^^^J^nd for some
hundred of t^,^'Uh p'rtie? were ev.r
ti-ne *«t«''^'"?.^" the war-path. Many
ready to .tart "J ^J^.^'e christian chief
Btill rememlier the hrav ^^ influence,
of the Cree 1"?';""^.^ ever on the side
after his conversion, was ey
of right.

CHAPTER IX.

VICTORIA.

S« gtly named Victoria. ^^^^

It lies In a beautiful vaUey hf^i^lj^.,^^,
.oil, abundance of *»" JJJ^„t, excellent
'.ui^abll. for «*J^„V:i?S" The Cree.
pasture and » «»" J naturally drawn to

Si^ar-^tX^^^*^^''^^^'"*^'''

In 1862, George Mcl>o^'ga jj^^^^ -^

John, «n»J«^i'ffofSe North Saskatch-
House to the bank" of *De « ^alf-breed

•**" 'Itt^S Sie despondent r.

camps, «?*'"".'^ .^„"*„„d nnyinsr with the
p.oving the v»cu)us, and pr y j^^^^^

Sck --^Jr^nr Com^Lny liad trading

^ North la.t «Vo«t T793Vanother post/
a-Original and aWj 1793, ^^.^^

named 7°!^' ^,„ *„„<« deer, and even
herds of buffalo, ano '^^j^g of the

grizzly bears "'"^"'^^^riy seventy > ears
Saskatchewan »^"f^S7„i,«ionary fro™
later when the Metnom ^^ ^^e

Norway House visited «" ^^'^f these

^«"*N ^'^uCever^ the trading posts
animals. ^^b«'•eveJ• J „o„egated at
wereestablished.the inm ^^^ purposes

Btated «f»«^«"°* J' &ly they made a
"rlid ^tn th'e estaSUts which were

seldom succesMul. Onotch. French,/

" V .mploy^s were oJ^S^^^^^^^^ ,be

and English ^^^r^^'^J^h, Uv^d lives of
company »» *be" & intervals of
endurance, witb "bor' edited to the

ple» s'ire, and »° J*^ ^ ^f the country,
Lre tbickly«etOert parte o^^.^ ^^.

or returned to the nonw g^^^

to spend tbe remnant of tneir^ ^^y^ ^^

of them lived freely wa ^^^^ j^om

^t to tb7«elv« J«8ky,ppy and cou-
the camp, >»nd ^PP*"""' ..^jgd by the smil-
tented were they """""^^f^^^^^^^^ children,
ing countenances of »*" ,VJ ^ tive half-
Through *"^',rorrsng up varied in it.

breed P^^'f ?"Z, rSliS according to
taste, and inteUectual ahUi y ^^^^^^^

the pecu iar «b^*"«^«^Sbreed8 Vcame

rntrUTe^Sh:;f^-iv^»^«^*^«
Kvllt of the Indmn mt«. ^^^^^,y

The F«rh,^Roman CaTJoli?Church.

member. ''J ^^l,fSI^S^\A\^erei to the
the Scotch balf -breeds ^^^ ^^^

SifandEnglUhCb^^^^^^^^^^^
evIr^r%nVfolrowf ^^« *«*^'^"«'

ed toward J« S»f *Snary sent to the
the 6"\Metho(^^st »msgona^^^ ^^^^

west. He «*«"!jSd at Edmonton and
year, and was stationea ^e, who

hi? r "rth?dT'mis.lon at Pigeon

:^.e«^iiiiiSiLttM

■rg^g^^-'"^""

120

Lake latterly known as Woodville, which
was finally abandoned owing to the
hostility of the Prairie Indians. This
mission renamed after the Rev. Dr Enoch
Wood, father-m-Iaw of Dr. Nelles,

^^..-prCha jcellop of Vioto.ia Uiiivcrsity, was
/ reorganized by John McDoura ll and is

f btui in operation, the location however
having been changed within the past three
years.

. Robert Rundle was compelled to leave
^the cjuntry through injuries receivea
from a horse, having labored in the west
for eight years. This pioneer Methodist
missionary to the Rocky Mountains is
remembered in the Indian camps by the
songs of Zion which he taaghc the natives
to sing, and the tuuribt gazes wibh admir-
ation upon Mount Rundln, us he glides
al(<ng in his palace car through the Rocky
Mountains, little dreaim'ng of the patient
toiler who <irst taught the Crees and
Stonies the name of the Blessed Christ.

Thomas Woolsey was stationed at
^Edmonton when George MuDougail visit-
ed the Valley of tie SiakuCchewan.
vVoolsey had built a log house at Suick-
ing Lake, about thirty miles north from
the pre&ent site of Victoria, and intended
establishing a midsiou thtre, but it was
latterly decided to start on the bank of
the river, although this was on thn patli
of the warlike B^ackfeet. John McDougnll
had gjn8 tJ visit so;ne other plices, and
when he returned he found that his
father had gone to Norway House, not
being able to remain longer, and thu son
was instructed to stay and assist in erect-
ing buildings for the new mission.

Sixty miles north of V^ictoria was
^^Wiiitcfish Lake where Henry B. Stsin-
''/ hauer, an Ojibway Indian, educated and
/ pious, bad establi^hed a mission.

Steinhaiier was born near Rama about
1820. He spent a year at Grape Island
Indian School, three years at Oazenovia
Seminary, returning to Canada he taught
school for two years, and then attended
Upper Canada Academy for a short tin.e.
In 1840, he acuompauied Jares Evans,
the famuu!) North VVent Missionary on his
journey to the west, spending some time
as Interp.uter at Lac la Pliue.

He was at Norway House in 1850, and
in 1854 he spent a few months in Eng-
land. In the summer of 1855, he was
y ordiined in London, Ont., and with
Y Thomas Woolsey, left for the Saskatch-
ewan (lifctrict. ' In Juns 1857, he pitched
his tent at Whitedsh Lake and began
there his mission, wh.ch he maintained
faithfully and suocessfully until he died,
a few mouths before the Riel Rebellion of
1885.

Steinhauer, Woolsey and John Mc-
Dougall began in earn<>st the preparation (/^
of the materials for the new premises. ^
The lumber was cut by hand, and the ^
timber prepared sixty miles up the river.
When e vet y thing was almost completed
a prairie fire consumed the material, and
the workers had to begin anew. Notiiing
daunted, they bravely encountered the
task, aud Were successful. ,

Within twoyears after theestablishinent
of the mission at Victoria, a church and .
mission- house were erected at a cost of
t-vo thousand dollars, the whole sum be-
ing defrayed by personal effort and local
contributions.

In the summer of I86f3, George Mc-
Dougall left Norway House with hislamiiy,
having secured a passage with thelT^
Saskatchewan Brigade of the Hudson's
Bay Company, It vaa a long journey,
but undsrtaken in the interests of men's
sou's, there was strength enjoyed, greater
than is usually borne when the object
oought is matKrial wealth.

When the missionary and his family ar-
rived, thpy still remained in their Indian
lodtte, no huilding being ready for shelter.
A house was speedily built, temporary yet
durable, and the work was energetically
began. The Mountain Stonier were
sought out, some of whom had become
devoted Christians, through the labours of /*
Rundle and Woolsey, and all uf them had
avowed theii attachment to the Methodist
C'l rch. Blessed results followed the
labours of the missionaries. The class
meeting was established at Victoria, andW
so effectual were the ministrations of
these spiritual advisers, that in a short
time, Indians, whites and half-breeds
united in giving their relation of Christian
experience, and s ix classes W-cre in^pec-
atioii at one, ti me. "The summer was "spent ,
upon the prairies with tlie Indians.preach- ^
ing Christ to them. When the Indians
were at home the services were very well
attended. The children assembled in the
day school, where they learned English
rapidly, the sick 3ame to t,he mission
house for medicine and food, and in all
domestic and camp troubles the mission-
ary and his family were the trusted
advisers who were eagerly bought for
counsel.

Early on Sunday morning the bell sum-
moned the worshippers to the house of
prayer, where reverently they sat, singing
the hymns in the Cree Language, reading
the Bible printed in the Evm's Syllabic
characters, and listening to a sermon in
their native tongue.

Several Roman Catholic Missions were
located not far from Victoria, the m'-m-^'
hers of which were chiefly French Half-

%
f

breeds. South-wesfc from Victoria is au
extensive lake named Grand Lao upon
the shores of which there is a Half-breed
settlement and a Roman Catholic mission
called St Albert. The site for this mission
was selected by Archbishop Tache, and it
^'Was begun in 1861 by tne Rev. Albert
Lacomb, the zealous missionary of the
Order of Oblates. Subsequently the mis-
sion developed until it became the See of a
Bishopric with Bishop Grandin at its
head. A Convent was established with
several Sisters of Charity under wliose
care there has been placed a large school
for the children of the settlement.

At Lake St Anne not far distant an-
other Roman Catholic mission was estab-
lished in 1844, by the Rev. Mr. Thibault.

In the early history of the Victoria
mission George McDougall wrote in glow-
ing terms of the wonderful capabilities of
lythe Saskatchewan district and his langu-
* age has becoine almost prophetic in its
fulfilment.

In Sandford Fleming's Report of 1879,
it is stated that Victoria is 1,900 feet
y above the sea. The soil is a li^ht sandy
black loam, not as heavy as at Bdmonton.
Wheat and barley sown in May was very
fine, and all garden vegetables grew
luxuriantly.

The locations of many of the missions
were selected with care, and evinced the
excellent judgment of the missionaries.
Victoria was no exception to the rule, in
the matter of good soil, climate and many
other advantages.

The literature of the period corrobor-
ated the testimonies of the missionaries
regarding tbe ^rouderful possibilities of
the Saskatchewan Valley. Lord Mittoa
aiid Dr. Cheadle in ^865. ^ublisheq^ j in
accurate and luteresiing report of thjir
travels through the country in the^A^ort/t-
west Passage by Land. The authors
were loud in their praises of the Saskatch-
ewan district as an agricultural country
never having seen such root crops even in
England. They saw coal-beds of enor-
mous thickness on the banks r f the Saska-
tchewan and other riverb, and they furth-
er testify that ''the climate is milder
than that of the same portion of Canada
which lies within the same latitudes while
the soil is at least equal, if not of greater
fertility."

Archbishop Tache of St Boniface in his
"Sketch of the Northwest of America"
speaks with the tongue of an optimist
about the beautiful laud of the North.
Language of mine would fail to convey so
perfectly the ideas of the Archbishop,who
says "The coal fields which cross the dif-
ferent branches of the Saskatchewan are
if great soatse of wealth, and favour the

•/

settlement of the valley in which nature
has multiplied picturesque scenery that
challenges comparison with the most re-
markable of its kind in the world. 1 can
understand the exclusive attachment of
the children of the Saskatchewan for their
native place. Having crossed the desert
and having come to so great a distanc-a
from civilized countries, which are oc-
casionally supposed to have a monoply of
good thingM, one is surprised to find in
the extreme West so extensive and so
beautiful a region. The Author of the
universe has beeu pleased t^spiead out,
by^e side of the grand and wild beauties
of The Rocky Mountains, the captivatmg
pleasure gr( unds of the plains of the
Saskatchewan." The writer can add bis
testimony to those already given, as to
the abundance and excellent quality of
the coal, the salubrity ot the climate, the
richness of the soil, the magnificence of
the rivers and the picturesqueness of the
scenery. Th<:se cannot be surpassed in
any part of the world.

When George McDougall visited On-
tario and toH to delighted audiences'''^
the story of his life and described to the
few-acred farmers the beauties of the
west,

"Much they marvelled to hear his tales of

the soil and the climate.
And of the prairies, whose numberless

herds were his who would take them ;
Bach one thought in his heart, that he, too

would go and do likewise."

An interest ing event took place atJVis,-
tor ia on jjeptembftr ' iU 111 l&Bj ). f n'^Bemt^-/'
riage of Mr. McUougall's emest daughter

toria

riage of Mr. McUougall's eldest daughti
to Richard Hardisty, Factor of the Hud

eon's Hay ijompany. Few books have
beeu written about the Saskatchewan
Country in which there is not a kindly re-
ference to this genial son of the »oil. He
was born at Moose Factory, James Bay,
alxint 1830, his father being employed in*^
the Hudson's Bay Coirpany's service,
having originally belonged to the south of
England. Along with two brothers he
was sent to a school taught by the Rev.
W. McCallum now known as St John's
College, Winnipeg. At seventeen years of
age he entered the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany's service and was stationed at Lake
Manitoba, Carleton, Prince Albert, Ed-
monton, Calgary and other places of
trust.

The writer first met him in the spring .
of 1882, ana during a few days residence <
at the Company's post at Edmonton
learned to love him. His extensive
travels over the northern country as a
Chief Factor of the Company gave him
opportunities for acquiring knowledge

Anjoyed by few, and he with that peculiar
modesty which was the leading trait of
his character freely impirted to saint and
sinner useful knowledge out of the abun-
dance which his mind possessed. Half-
breeds and Indians respected him as a
man of honour who was kind to all, and
ever true to his word. In the camps of
the Cree and Blackfool Indians he was
ever held in grateful remembrance and
oftentimes has the writer listened to the
afied chiefs speaking of this man with
admiration. He lived to become Inspec-
ting Chief Factor of the Company, and a
Senator of the Dominion. In the Senate
Chamber he rendered emment service to
J|is country, his advice bemg souglit on
all questions affecting the North-west
Suddealy was he lemoved from us in the
fifty-ninth year of his age, through in-
juries received at Broadview by being
thrown from his conveyance. In the
Winnipeg hospital surrounded by his
wife, daughter, youngest son and numer-
ous friends he quietly passed away,
and the North-west lost oueof her noblest
sons. Blameless he lived amongst men,
doing good in unostentatious ways "His
life was gentle : and Vtie elements so
mixed in hi-n, that Nature might stand
up and say to all the world : This was
a man ! "

Such a son-in-law did George McDou-
gall find beside the North Saskatchewan.
Mission work in the Saskatchewan Dis-
"^trict rapidly ' weloped under the foster-
ing care of the x'H airman. New iniasiDns
'were being formed and improvements
made in old ones. A mission was begun
at Pigeon Lake, named Woodville after
Rev. Enoch Wood, D..0., Missionary
Secretary, which^j^vas manned by .)[ohft
^MfiDougall, son'^f ffie hero c' the Sas-
/ ^atchewan. Indian schools were estab-
lished in connection with the missions'
two being at this time very successful, at
Whitefish Lake under E. fi. Steinhauer,
and at Victoria.

In the regions beyond, the missionaries
had bravely toiled and now they looked
Eastward to witness the tide of civilization
advancing rapidly toward the Red River
t^alley, and anxiously did they request
help from Ontario. The appeals for men
and money, though pressing failed to
secure prompt answers, and George Mc-
Dougall leaving his home in the far west,
proceeded East-vard where his native
eloquence thrilled the hearts of thousands
in Ontario and Quebec.

During the winter of 1867-8 the Metho-
dist Church acceded to the urgent request
of the missionary and decided to begin

/work amongst the white settlers of the
R«d River District. In May 1868, George

Mo Dougall left Ontario with a band of
devotea missionaries and teachers for
Manitoba and the North-west.

This was the day of small things, but it
was the beginning ot an era of prosperity.
This goodly band of men consisted of Rev.
George Youfl g, E. R. Young, Peter
Uampoell, 17a Snyder and his brother.
George Young began his work in the Red
River Settlement, on Notre Dame street,
Fort Garry. He was in labours abundant,
his mission extending more than one hun-
dred and twenty miles along the Assini-
boine and Red Rivers. The first Methp -
dist^ class was organized at Highjb lutf jn

I5ecemberr li{B I£"'i'he tirst Methodist
churches in the Red River Settlements
were built at Poplar Point and High
Bluff by the Rev. Matthew Robison who
came to Manitoba in 1869, as assistant to
Rev George Young;.

The name of Dr. George Young is preo • K
ious to the Methodists of Manitoba, for it
was he who laid su effectively the foun-
dations of the Church during his
eight years residence in the country.

E. R. Young went to Norway House y
where he toiled earnestly among the Cree
Indians, spending eight years among ^hem
in that Northern Und.

Peter Campbell and the Snyder brothers
travelled westward to the Saskatchewan,
under the guidance of George McDougall,
the former to preach to the half-breeds
and Indians, and the latter to teach the
Indian children.

During this year the trading post fam-
ous in the history of the Blackfoot Indians,
was built. Fort Whoop-Up; was erected
at a cost ot ten thousand dollars by Ham-
ilton and Healy, at the junction ot ;he St
Mary and Belly Rivers, seven mile. st
of the present town of Lethbridge, The
massive stockade has been the scene of
several contests, and rough days and
nights some of the old timers have ex-
perienced in the vicinity of the fort. The
old bell still peals forth its call to dinner
and the old cannon lies there, but it is
harmless, its days of warfare are at an
end. Oftentimes has the writer sought
food and rest within the old stockade and
dreamed of the stirring times when buffalo
roamed the prairies in thousands and the
redskins were masters of the plains, but
all this is changed. No longer do the
dwellers in the Southern Lodges scour
the plains, on savage conquest bent, but
with downcast mien and faltering step
they walk a conquered race despised and
forsaken.

One year later the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany sold their title to the North-weat, to
the Dominion Government.

'-/

Mtfta

iour
but
cep
tad

Matters did not always run smoothly
among the Indians, for Indian raids were
frequent, and the Blackfeet hated inten-
sely the Creus and Stonies. The
Blackfeet prowled around Victoria, and

• threatened to invade the post, but super-
stitious dread prevented them from com-
mitting any depredations.
In the winter of 18G9, came the Riel
/•Rebellion with its numerous injurious
' consequences, disastrous alike to whites,
half-breeds and Indians. The muitial
spirit of the Methodiet patriot was arous-
ed as he himrd the mutteriiigs of discon-
tent in the Saskatchewan and at last
learned that there was opeu rebellitm in
the Red River Settlement. Anxious for
the safety of the missionary families he
started for Fort U any to ensure the siufe
arrival of supplies for the year, and obtain
if possible military protection in the
west.

The following letters will reveal the
state of matters during this period : —

Victoria Mission, April 5th, 1870.
[ often find my mind wandering across
the now troubled plains to favored peaceful
Canada ; and thougb I cannot complam of
a spirit of repining, yet tliere is much in
our experience exceedingly trying to flesh
and blood. In the past winter we have had
t o live on flesh and pemniican ; and though
the young folks enjoy good health, I can
clearly see the effect is quite otherwise
with Mrs. McDongall. At present wo are
making strenuous ifforts to put in », crop.
Seed has been carted from lied Kivcr and
otherplaces. Provideitce has favored us with
plenty of snow, and if spired till next full
wo hope to rejoice once more over potatoes
and barley cake. On this Mission the good
wuik is deepening and widening, and there
js a constant ingatberirg. We have bad
no especial outpouring of the Holy Spirit,
but the word is heard with deep interest,
^nd our prayer and c]asB>meetingH are well
/Attended ; our average congregation, when
the hunters are on tno plains, numbers t<vo
hundred. By local effort we built an end
jallery in the oburch, which accommodates
'sixty 'pfcr80n8,and ytt we are uucomfortably
crowded. At b3tb White Fish Jjuke and
here we are favored with th« hest of school
teachers; and when we remember the
former 8ti»te of their pupils it is impossible
to over-estimate the value of the work they
are accomplishing. Here are at least one
hundred children wlio, but for your benevo-
lence, would now be in the Cree camp,

, ,j covered with a piece of dirty robe, and
yj Axposed to all the demoralizing influences

"^ of the most debasing Pagani.'tm. Mark the
contrast ; these boys and girls remain at
home, with clean faces and well cooabed
hair : and though many of their garments
remind you of (Joseph's yet they are clean,
and their attendance at school is regular,
and there are few pieces in the "Sunday
School Harp " that these little ones cannot

sing. Let the schools on all our Protestant
Missions be V ell sujtained, and we have
little to fear from Popery. ^

My son has passed most of the winter-^
amongst the Plain Indians. When we fir»t ^
heat d of the outbreak at Bed Biver we felt
that his winter's work was clearly defined.
Numbers of false reports had reached these
Indians, all oalculatod to stir up the worst
feelings towards the whites. It has betn
my son's privilege to meet these roving
tribes in their councils ; and after preach-
ing to til em the Gospel of peace, explained
to them that their rights will be faiibfully
protected by the Oovernment ; and in doing
this be has been very snccessful, for, as far
as we can see, a spirit of loysltv is generally
among our people.

Beport ht 8 reached us that smajlpox is^
prevalent among the Blackfeet, and that
one ot their small camps, numberir^ about
thirty tents, was lately attacked by the
American miners, and ah cut off but the
Chiefs, — these were flrtt put in irons and
then burnt to death! This was done in
retaliation for wrongs received by the
immigrants since last fall. We have been
informed that the smallpox wa6 gradually
making its way north, exterminating whole
bards in itscouise. Having once witnessed
its ravages among the Indians, I tremble id
view of the future. If God does not avert
thn calamity, we shall see suffering greater
than ever witnessed in this country. The
vaccine received from Engl md will not take
eff»'C'. Please forward us fome by letter.

As none of the brethren will have an
opportunity of writing n'^w, I wauld just
add tuat I have lately heard they were
all well.

We are all in the dark as regards Bed
Uiver, but are daily looking for an express. /"

I wrote Governor MoDougall a Btatementl^— •
of faoti r'ignrding the country, urging the
importance of sending in Commissioners to
treat with the Indians. Let no surveyors
Of anv other class of white men show them-
selves till this is done, or some of us will
pay the penalty with our lives, for we have
plenty of the same kind of '•roughs" that
h ive given trouble in Beil Eiver ; and I
might add, they have the same kind of
teaeheir, a hatred to everything that bears
the name of English. We are not in a
position to inform our aienda of all we
know.

This goes out with a free-trader.

Winnipeg. Beu Biveb, /
June 18th, 1870. "*

I left Victoria with the resolve to return
as soon as possible. For eight months all
communication has been cut off. Your
letter reached us the week before I started
for Bed Biver. The past year has been one
of great hardship and much anxiety. The
Blackfeet have been diiven by the United
States troopa across the lines- The Company
have withdrawn aU the forts that have
traded with them. I was at Edmonlon, >
when from two to three hundred attacked '
the fort and fired four or five hundred
shots at U8. We have a population of

wint

Beven hundred French half breed families
and we know not when these might rise.
Priests and Fenianb have disfcarbed Uie
minds of the Crees. John-hag jj^Bpt aharj^
''fr'" ffl^fl"^ ft"^TnnH
mucHtrrremove bad impressions. I
r^ViBtociEi ; bat I oannot
lescnbe my feelings when £ think cf my
jiamily. I witshed my wife to come with
Inie, but she felt it her dnty to remain at the
JMission. I mast now tell rou why I visited
Bed River last soring. We received a letter

firym Gov. MoTavisb. stating that the
Company's outfit for the S^iskatihewan
woulcf be all dostroydd, and the northern
districts must look out for themselves ;
this was telling twenty thousand ha I f-breods
and Indians that thjy must starve. Oive
no ball and powder, and death by thousands
must be the consequence A council cvas
held at Edmoulon, and the priests ttalled
upon to declare their intaations. They
were informed that ir, was our determina-
tion, come what would, not to take the oath
praf. ibed bj Uiai and his rutfianj. For the
eake of th^se people tbey agrted ti> join
us, and thtt Mr. Ohrjstio, a prieHt, and

Vtayself should load a party f) Port Benton,

» and try and prosura ammunition ; and .SOO

if!> <•■ and 100 armed men w«ro t > start Mav

!?: L Five d tys after our meeting, a letter

r^a' aod u* 'Announcing that the Company

,. h 1 compromised wifh Riel, and a Britisn

y Si viect might, if very civil, come to Winm-
pe;.,. Uoping the Gjvernmont would be
estab'.uhed, and ciitain thvt if something
wa*? noi doao war and disstitut ion were be-
forj UH, I acaompaaiod an H. R. Company's
ofttccr, w'th theditormi.iation, if potiiiiblp,
to accjmi)lish two objoots. First : the

/ appointiue.a of 100 soldiers t> Port Ed-

V moutoii. \\«i hAve many loyal people, but
-no oj,ni)in<ition. Most" of the roughs of
last winter art going to the Saskalcbewan.
Seconil: I wi-ih?d to impriiss ou the Govern-
ment the importance of sending a commiss-
ioner to visit tiie Crees. I woHid not
advise that thnr lands should be treated
for now; this night be premature; and thav
woo M. be lati shed for the time if informed
that they wo ild be Justly dealt with. If
this iid-'layed. trouble is before us. There
being nc c^<auue of getting anything from
Canada at tl.at time, we felt that something
might be iir >ciired here. We learn that
Mr. Saiifor.1 is forwarding them all right, if
tbey gel iu in time for the carts. Our
schools Hre all we can ex|)eot : well attended
snd well taught, but vary short of books.

/ From Bishop McOray T purchased $40 worth
- 'bis is verv fortuna' ,

Ana Hero let »no .»: tor my l)rethron,
that until the country is in a settled state,
there car bft no regular correspondence with
ti.P iJoard. We appointed our District
Btt«ti*!ng for April aSth, but such was the
state of the country we had to defer. And
If the Government does not send us protec-

-— 'tion I know not what we shall do. My
orinion as tu the Blaokfeot is, that, out off
by the United States and also by the Com-
pany, they will loon come to terms, and we

stand readj to improve the first opportunity.
The Crees, ho far, are (|uiet ; but by all
means allow John to remain with them for
the prexout. Our trouble is, that moct of
the French half-breeds will run for the
Saskatchewan when the troops arrive-
many are going now. How much Popery
wouldJiKe to frighten us out of the conntry!
Thank the Lord, our Mission was never
more prosperous.

Bed Biveb, Jane 19tb. j

The Fenian flag in still up. Last week'
they lo\fered it half matt when they received >
the news from Canada. Priest Uichof^
arrived on Friday, when a salute was fired. \
There is still a guard between here and
Peiibina turninsr buck Cauadian<<.

Yesterday, after Fervice, I was notified
that I was reported as having prayed for
the soldiers. ^^

esteeni by~thel_o^a l. Churchmen have said ^
to me again and again, when our clergy
coun8ell"d subniittsiou to the tryant, "Mr.
Young stood by the old flag, and by every
means assisted the loyalists."

Before George McDougall retained to
Victoria, the dreadful plugue of small pox ^___^
came from the .South, devastating whole
cimps of Blaukfeui, and entered the
lodges of the Crees. Ueligious aervicet*
were dispensed with for a time, for many
If y dying and many were dead. In the
midst of the trouble the missionary ar-
rived from Fort Garry to witness heart >
rending scenes. The summer of 1870 was \^
one of greit sorrow, but as the winter l>e-
gtin t'le diiiease abated and the hop«s of
the peopln became bright. Alas ! they
were soon to he doomed to disappointment,
tor the fell destroyer returned with renew-
ed strength, breathing the foul air and
scattering the iomatos of the lodges,
"Blown by the blast of tate,

like a dead leaf over the desert."

Those were sad days. Three hundred
di'id at 8t Albert. Hundred* of the
Mountain Stonies perished, the Blaokfeet
fled in dismay leaving many of their un-
buried, and the Cress wtuod and liulplesg
as hundreds oi their kith and kin went
down the valley of the shadow of death.
\V. H. (iladstone an old employee of the
Hudson Bay Company, and a tru-a friend
of the missionaries, told the writer that
he passed i>y the Harcee camp at the
Manas river where there were one hun-
dred lodges left standing and all were
deserted. There were not less than ten^
dead persons in every lodge. .]ollinMo-\
bougall was laid low, liiiLceoov^uSlfarE^r
aT<Jng •lofeniflSii. ""

"^ho missionaries went out upon the
prairies keeping tiie people isnUted and /
thus aiding in destroying the disease.
Eveiy preoautiun woe u«<xd and still it

■!■■

■pruad. Steinhauer, Campbell and John
McDouf^all went with their people and
successfully prevented tht- terrible ecourf^e
from carryin|{ off all the people.

When distant upon the plains the mis-
sion house at Victoria was visited, and
Gecrge McDougall with several members
of the family fell siuk, and the sickness
was nigh unto death. It was during the
months of October and November 1870,

/th::t the Destrnying i\n({el visited the
mission-house. Jlora the youngest daujjh-
ter aged eleven years whs stricken down
and died on the 13th of Outoliei, rejoic-
ing in the love of Uod. On the 28ti; of
the SB'ne month J!L.nna . an adopted daugh-
ter aged fourteen years was buried, and
on November 1st their beloved daughter
Georgjpa aged eighteen passea away.
Anna was the daughter of a dee chief
named Ogamahwahohis, who gave her to
George McDougall before he died, that
the might have friends to love her 8he
was a lovely girl, to whom the McDougall
family were much attacht^d.

Georgina was beloved by the Indians,
as she understood the (/ree language and

^was ever desirious of doing ^ood in ev' ry

legitimate way. In the missiou garden

George McDougall and his son Divid dug

^ graves and buiied the dead. VVJi ^i i Inli n

/pWasscill on the plains he heard the Bad

// n^f\ ailTil started for home, hut was not

permitted to enter bv his father, until all

danger was paot. Sad were the hearts of

the missionaries, still their trust was

in thd living God.

The people slowly recovered from this
dire plague, but after many woaiy ni'Miths
»11 were free to move about without iiny
fear. The work ot the mission was be-
gun with renewed energy.

Hard work was the order of the day,
for young and old in the mission Held.

^Should there be any leisure it whs used in
mental iinprr veirent. The inisitionnriea
■et a good example to others in being es-
pecially earnest in every duty. The mis
■ionary at Victoria sought to improve
himself by means of study, desultory no
doubt owing to his aliaence from home, yet
of such a character as retinod and intensi-
fied his intellectual nature. His Index
Rerum cmtains many apt and striking

violaisical allusions, and these are good in-
dications of the mental calibre and liter-
ary tastes of the man. Hia Journal and
Letters almund with evidences of his read-
ing, showing ability and tastes in striking
contrast to nomadic life upon the plains.
Many days has the writer spent reading
..^his jot rnala and manusoripta, and the
uonviutiun has deepened, that the mis-
■ionaries were noble men of sterling piety,
ftrtile iroagination,atrung in iotelleot, and

striking examples of masculine Chria ian-
ity. "Duty" was their watch waid. and
"Never Despair" their nioito. Tliese
men were invariably quick to detect mis-
takes and mishaps and ready in every
emergency with a newly invented ap-
pliance as a remedy.

When the Indians left the settlencent
the missionary and teacher closed the
church and 8clii<ol, and travelled with tho*^
people in their camps xs trom place to
place they went, hunting and fishing. In
an In<iiaii lodge the schonlniabter gathered
his pnpi's, teaching them to iea<l, write,
count and ainjr. 8weet voices hxd t^ey,
and the songs from the Sunday School
hymn books were Hung with zest, in the
northern forests and out upon the plains.
The missionary travelled from camp to
cump preiching to ih« scattered hands,
and ministering to the sick. Ah the
iiK rning sun arose the Indian song of
thai.kN^iviPg was heard clear and strong,
sung in the melodious Cree tongue by the
natives in their tents.

The white tiaveller who has ever listen-
ed to these Cn e Indian hymns, sung in
church or forest, or in the lidgts ^n the
plams can never foiget the tin ill i>f satis-
faction which he has felt, nor is he able to
de-ciibe the emotions vt Inch ma<le the lip
quiver and the eyes till u ith teurx.

When the missionary paity left Onturio
in_i808 for the North- Wi-ct, a youig iiihu
named Knoch Wiod Skinn er wus among *
the numBer SeveTaPyeafs w ere spent
by him in the countiy. le^'iding in the
>JcDougall fiiniily, and tiuring this peiiud
he learned the Cree l»n;(UHge. studied the
manners and cnstoais of tiie Cree Indians
and obtained much information relating
to the country, ami missionary life in the
great lone land. He returned tu Ontario
and shuitly after his return wan led to
trust in Cliiistas his Saviour His soul
burned with b.ve for others, and he long-
ad to work for God. Naturally his soul
yearned for the nalvation of the Creo In-
dians in the valleys if the SasknteheA'an.
Aft<-r prayer and consultation it was decid-
ed to send him as assistant to Rev. .John
McDougall. Starting upon his journey,
he arrived safely at Wiiinipeg,secured the
necessary cnnveyant' and outht and pukh-
ed on toward tlie Saskaichewan. He
joined a company of police and travelled
with thum, but subsequently had » half
breed as a companion. After p'issing Port
I'itt and not far from (/arlton they camped
together. Karly in the morning his com-
panion left to catch the horse't which w dr^
left to graxe upon the prairie and had
wandereii away. When he returned,
Ruooh Wood Skinner lay dead, his gun
having aooidenlally been diaoharged, m b«

tm\tm m

'\\

^ raised it, its contents entered hiH body-
He w&s^ t aken to thfc E nglish ChuycJ|>
t/ i^^^siS^^J^I^J^^.Mi^SSt^^^'^^^^^ was

I i

laid to res

"Never again to awaken.
To the Conqueror's awful tread,

Ha passed aloue and forsaken,
It. the t'choless laud of the dead.

Did he hear the soft, suft whic per,
E'er the star of his life bank down,

That the Master was needing a jewel,
To gleam in his holy crown.

Out on the lonely prairie

Pillowing the martyr's head.
He lay while the stars gleamed softly,

On the upturned face of the de:td.

For he died as the hero dieth,

On the crim8uned,the blood 8tnin«d sod,
But he lives in the quenchless f>pleudor,

In that city, the city of God.''

Several notable conversions took place
among the Indians, during these years,
one of these being that of a Cree chi«f
.named Little fi(iuirreL This chief had
been a famous 'conjuror who prayed and
heat upon hh torn tout to drive the buffalo
into the buflalo pound. Several times had
he couver!<cd freely with Christian Indiana
and half-breeds, and eppeciilly 'vith
George Flett. who is now an English
Church missionary, about the Christian
religi'Mi, contrasting it with the native
religi m of the Indians. Gradually hin
faith in the practices of the medicine men
wa& weakened, until ho saw that without
the aid of the conjuror the buffalo could be
killed. He kept up his practice of con-
iiiring until challenged to give it up.
When at last he determined co test the re-
ligion of the white men and not to drive
the buffilo into tljo corral by means of
charms and praytrs. fearing that he might
be disappointed, he laid in a vtock of pro-
visions, and awaitei anxiously the day of
hunting, when the buffilo were near, he
stood among the people, as one of them-
selves.

As the buffalo drew ne«r the people
urged him to begin hia prayers and en-
chantments, but he gnntly refused, until
at last when pressed to do so, he told them
the reMou.which was to test the Christian
religion. Without his songs and prayers
the buffalo were o iught and there was
abundance of food. Gradually he lost
fiith in the native religion, and became
more fully ooovinoed that the Christian
religion was true, He resolved to become
a ohrlstiiui. In the spring he oama to
Viotoria with a large nuniMr of hie men

laden with fur to trade, and during this
visit, accompanied by about twenty of his
men he went to the Mission House. He
held a long conversation with Geprge Mc-
Dougall and then made up his mind to
be baptised. He arose and raising his
hand delivered a speech neairly as follows:
"I have been a foolish man, going to
kill the Blackfeet and steal horses. You
young men used to follow me. I could not
get off unnoticed, though I wished to do
so sometimes, lest I niig' ' get you into
trouble. Now I am going to do better. I
am not going to steal any more. I am
goipg to follow this Christian religion, for
I believe it to be good. How many of you
will follow me ? " His son volunteered to
accept the Christian faith, but not a single
member.of the 'tribe accepted the Ch'ef's
invitations, '^n the Sunday following.
Little Squirrel and his son were baptised
by George McDougall. They received
as baptismal names George McDougall and
John McDougall, after the missionary and
his SOD. Ever faithful did the old chief
prove striving by his influence to lead
his. Indians toward the nobler way, and
seeking by precept and example to deter
them from their pagan feasts and cus-
toms.

In his frequent journeys to the Rod
River settlement the hero of the Saskatch-
ewan met the Rdv. John Black, withrf
whom there sprang/ip a friendship sevarecl
only by death. \/lji_J3iUj_ JohnBIack ^
came to Kildonan as the PresbyTSF ian
minister, and was gladly welcomed by
his countrymen who had patiently waited
thirty-tliree years fur a ministar of their
own faith. 'This devoted man laid the
foundations of Presbytdrianisn in Mani-
toba,origioated the educational work of his
denomination in the same province, toiled
earnestly for the welfare of the descend-
ants of the Selkirk settlers, and sought
the temporal, incellectual and spiritual
well-being of the Indians and halt-breedfi
of Manitoba. It was he who took such a
sreat interest in the Sioux Indian^ of

vManitoba. By his representations and
entreaties a native missionary v/a« sent to ^
the Sioux near Birtle where he laboured
with much success.

In the midst of labour, but in great
feebleness of body he laid himself down

J[o rest on Fe bruary 4th , 1882. Presby-
terianism owes much to hmf and Method-
ism ever found in him a true friend. The
Methodist missionary from the Saskatch-
ewan and the Presbyterian pastor from
Kildonan, were as brothers, loving eaoh
other and toiling for the common weal
of men. Another ot the mieeionary'a
friends was P«fc>ff,thy o'^iiaf of the Vybite-

his
his
He
Ic-
to
his

the Rev. H. B. Steinhauer. Pa kan is a
J tall fine lookipg man, with the dignitieiJ'
^ Dearing of aii IJtaiaircTlTSI, and withall is
an elcquent speaker. It will ba remem-
bered that during the rebellion ot 1885,he
was approached by some of Big Bear's
Indians, and one of them becoming in-
solent and rebellious was slain bj Pakiin.
After the rebellion was over, he was ad-
mired for his loyalty. He visited some
of the principal towns and cities of On-
tario along with two other Indians unde|^
,-ythe guidance of the Rev. John M5p9Pg*i'-
After taling a ride on ihe street cars
through Toronto, he was asked what im-

t>ressions were being made on his mind
>y his visit, hu replied : '* It has opened
the eyes of my mind. I had some thought
before I lefc home that this would be the
case. My strong desire was that my
mind should be enlightened, and that I
might be made to nnderdtand many things
of which I was in darkness. I have been
delighted to witness the power and
wonderful working of the white man. Of
course I feel that it is Christianity which
has made this possible to the white man.
and this is what I want for myself and my

rtiople. I am bewildered with the ride
took to-night, and I do not know what
to say." When attending a public meet-
yfUig in the City of Winnipeg, he give au
/ interesting address as foUowp- —

"As nearly as I can iMam I am now
forty-six years of age, thereforb I date be-
yond the incoming of the tirut mioaionary:
yiilnd even after he cnmo,l was distnnt from
him and only heard ^y rumor of his hiv-
ing come. Thcrcf'trc, I saw ntuch evil : I
was with my people, far away in heathen-
ism, and in evervtiiing that wa^^ wrong.
Lit-jr the miiisionary reiich«d our samp,
and a change beuan to be apparent : and
hyp and bye, thout^h wild and stubborn
and wicked, the change affected mo. .lesus
Christ touched my heart, and I aNo em-
braced his religion : and I have made him
my chief from thitd»y unto this. I owe
a^reat debt to my old missionacy who re-
yoently left us, Mr. Steinhauer : he and
V other missionaries have done me great
goo<I, and have also d(<ne -v great and
grand work for my people. Lit«r on my

riople asked me to stand up for them, and
l)ecame their chief. They said try and
help us on and do not set us any foolish
example.

Last spring an opportunity ?ame : we
were approached with guns and asked to
take up our ^uns against the jvhite man.
/We were dared to do so, but I said in my
heart I want to ket>p his law, as I havB
embraood the law of the God he worships
I ■hall Dot go with you nor shall any of my
people. My people want to improve : I

feel we have improved wonderonsly. We
want to be like the white people And
make progress in civilization, and ?hat
whif^h shall be everlasting in its benefit.
As T feel that you are my friends iu listen-
ing to me as I speak and in welcor^ing me
as I come before you, T ask you still to be
my friends that not my band only, but
my whole nation may rise in the ccale of
civilization and Christianity."

All the years spent at Victoria were
filled with useful labor, and the mission-"^
ary was enabled to look back with joy
upon the toils, trials and triumphs ri
those stirring days on the banks of the
Saskatchewan.

CHAPrEll X.

EDMONTON.

jWO hundred and twenty five miles

g north of Calgary, stands the town

of Edmonton m one of the finest

wheat growing regions of the whole

Isoatamls a ['

<irt, w^^^n^ jyafl ^ay
le location for a
or mission was a

J^ij^explored they
and in his report<

North-West. and thert
son's B-. _

ta"b1 is h gd aj)p a t^ 795.
village, trading-post
most excellent one.

Captiiin,J^^Uis
S« sli Jilcllewanv !t I ley
he speaks of the Edmonton District as "a
belt of land varying in width, which at
one period must have been covered by an
extdnsion of the Northern forests, but
which has been gradually cleared by suc-
cessive fires.

It is now a partially wooded country,
abounding in lakes and rich natural pas-
turage, in some parts rivalling the finest
park scenery of our ov.-n country." It
was through this same r»:^ion that Milton ^
i^nd Ch eat! le travelled and ^he. latte r
wro*e a^ foljui^p : ~

""At R'Tjro.nto n, eight hundred jnilM ^
distant f rom Fjrt (i^p rv. near the west-
ern extre'mTty, wiicat ){row8 with enual
luxuriance, and yields thirty to fifty
bushels to the acre, in some instances
oven more. The root crops 1 have never
seen equalled in England ; potatoes get to
an inurense size and yield enormously,
Flax, hemp, tobncco, all grow well ; all
the cereals appear to flourish equally well ;

Elums, strawberries, raspberries and goose-
erries, grow wild. The herbage of the
prairie is so feeding that corn is rarely

Siven to horses or ct..tle. They do their
»rd work, subsist entirely on grass, are
most astonishingly fat : the draught oxen
resemble priiU: animals at a cattle show.
The horses we took with us were turned
adrift at the beginning of winter, when
snow had already fallen : they had been
overworked and were jaded and thin. In

the spring we hunted them up, and found
them in the finest condition, or rather too
fat."

In the spring of 1882, the writei made
a trip ^o Edmonton, from Fort Maoleod,
via Calgiry, and Morley. The journey
was made to Morley alone as on several
previous occasions. At Morley, the party
was made up of Rev. John McDougall,
one or two members of his family and a
Stoney Indian, We travelled from
Morley, following the valley running
north irom beyond Ghost River, until we
reached the Lone Fine, anil ttien struck
the Calgary trail to Etimonton. Notliinp
eventful occurred upon the way, except
passing through a valley where stood
about one hundred immense treas, leafless
and well nigh brandiless, the last uf the
giants of the forest which formerly grow
in this favored spot. An we rode along,
we had to ride between fallen trees hidden
partly by the tall grass, the m-issive
trunks showing few signs of decay, being
exceedini^ly dry, and hard. We were
p issiiig through a l.ir^e forest which would
soon be entirely destroyed by the prairie
fires, leaving not a single vestige of its
former glory or even existence. >«othing
now remained but theau grim sfutmeU
mutely gazing upon their f-tllen com-
rades. It must be coufesBed a feeling of
sadness came over the wiiter as he rode
on and thought of uLeir Htataly grandeur
in the former years.

Other thoughts also filled the mind,
suggestiva of the former oiiditiou of the
prairie belt. Offentimes in travelling
over the prt^iries, solitary climps of trees
were seen, and alw.iys along the rivers
were fringe* of timber, protected from
the fires hy the inoisturc. Freely has the
Wtnter conversed with h mest John Glen
of Fish Creek, Alberta, 8am. Livingston,
William S. Gladstone, and other notable
old timers, and these have asserted that
in munv places upon the prairie where
timber formerly grow, there is none to be
f )und, owing to itx destruction by the
prairie fires. What is true concerning
the timber in still mi>re conclusive regard-
ing the grasses. In the excellent hay
bottoms prairie fires have destroyed the
noil and burned almost wholly the rootb
of the grasses. In places where hay has
been cut for two or tnree seasons, and
esipecifilly before the hay seeds fell, the
Ui asses have been destroyed and several
ye^rs passed by, before these lands had
good ctops of hay.

From Morley to the R-id Deer River we
passed only one hnu^e and that was un-
occupied. The lolitary dwelling was
withm two or three miles from the cross-
ing of the Red Deer. Before we reached

the single building at the edge of the
river, owned by Mr. Macpherson, trader >-
and freighter, we had concluded that the
Red Deer District was the best which had
been seen in the Canadian North -West.

There was ice in the river, and the
water was deep, but we forded without
any mishap. Some of the party were
timorous, and there was sufficient cause
for fear. The soil in this secti(m of coun-
try IS a rich, black loum, the timber of all
«izes, good hay lands and abund.*ini t: of
water. Not un.other spot in the North-
West has the writer seen, save the coun-
try lying between the Red Deer and Ed-
monton, and especially south of l^attle
River, which more closely repembled old
English parks. In this region there are
most excellent sites for aristocratic man-
sions, Nature lavishing her bounties in
profusion. We ptissed several lakes cover-
ed with ' ks and geese. Home of the
lakes wei lot loawed out, and the ice
still rema d on parts cf some of them,
and upon \e open spaces the wild fowl
swam in tuousands. These were grand
sights to witness, aln.ost equalling the
inspiring scene of teuS of thousands of
bulTalj which we saw in the Hummer of
1880, upon the prairies of Mont<ina as we
sailed up the Missouri River. At the
Battle River Methodist Mission we met
Chief Factor Hardisty of the Hudson's Bay
Company, who was on his way to Calgary,
but was detained by die swollen rivers.
He returned with us to Edmonton, an 1 a
week was spent at the Hudson's Bay
Fort. It took the writer five weeks to
travel from the Blood Reserve to Edmon- ^
ton and return including ttic detour to 1^
Morley and the time spent at Edmonton.
It was a journsy of nearly eight hundred)
miles to attend the District Meeting,^
The Saskatchewan District of the Metho-
dist Church included at that time the |
whole of the North Weht Territorias.
This one dixtriot had an ar<>a larger than
the combined areas of England, Wales,
Scotlani, Ireland, France, Gorman Em-
pire, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland,
•Japin, Norway and Sweden.

The Methodist missiodary of that period
could without boasting say : "No pent
up Utioa contracts our powers." The
soil was good, and uU the agricultural
advantages desired by the fannar were
there except a market for his iirain. We
were informed that on the bars of the
North Saskatchewan, the miners washed
for gold, and for a distance of ono hundred
miles up and down the river^from Edmon-
ton, the men made from three to five dol-
lars per day. Since that time we have
seen several ornamenta, including a watoh
chain »nd finger rings made fromSaskatoh-

/•

}

e>van gold. Upon our advent to Mac
leod in the summer of 1880, we were told
ui a cow having been killed there during
that siunmer in whose stoinach was found
some gold. The supposition vas, that,
some minor crossing the mountains had
lost a :jmall bag of gold dust, which the
cow had euttn. In tho month of August
of that year, wc met a party of English
gentlemen who had been prospecting for
gold in the mountainc, and were return-
ing. They were panning as they travell-
ed in the mountains, and in one section
where they had been working, tht y fouml
some nugijets whi«"h were reporteil to be
valuable, but they were unable to tell the
exact spot whuiethey had gathererl the
dust. There were several prospectors
who went out every year to search for
gold, but they invariably remrned empty
handed, it was tantdli/.ing to listt ii to
tht'ir stories of tiie (dd timers who alino!<t
discovered their millions, but as if pos-
sevsed of life, the gold cvudeii tiieir gnit*p.
An old friend spake to me of the ('omxtock
Mine, and siiii he: "My old shimty wns
right over the sput where the ureat dis
covery was made." We saw at Ediiion-
tuu the eoul cropping out oi the banks of
the rivtr, and theie was a mine upon u
small scale, from wldtili tlie oett lei s ob-
tained their coal. We thouglit nothing
of this, for iiad we not sei'ii the immeiiBc
coal Helds along the lieily iiiver, and
were there not piivute niiiitK in optr'ttion
a long time before any comp iuy wus organ-
iKod to wt)rk the cnul tield.s. Tliere was
the "Sherin Mine" on iJelly Uiver. the
"Kantnifte Mihvs" on the Si Mary's Kiver,
and tht "Hialey Mine" at \Vlioop Up.
There was coal everywhere, even the In-
dians were learning its u.se.

It is estimated that "iu the region
west of V,(lnionton, bounded on the north
by the Athabaska Kiver, and on the south
by tho Red Ueer Uiver, there exists a
vast coal field, covering an urea of not
k'sa than '25,000 ^<(pl arc miles: and beneath
a largo portion of this we may expect to
find workable avaina of coal at depths
xeldoni exceeding HOOfeet, and often, as in
the case (if the thick aeams above described,
very favorably nituated for working by
levels frmi the surface. "

I'ven then, the Indians had discovered
localities wheie minerals were to be found
The Stoiiey Indiana and the Blood Indian^
have shown the writer Mineralogical
Bpecimcnd, but never could they be per-
suaded tc toll where these were to be
found.

EJinonton House, the fort of the Hud-
•oii'h Hay Comp.uiy is on the left bank of
the north Siakatchewan, about one hun
drad feet above the river. The towa

stands on an elevation behind the tort,
about one hundred feet higher) »nd on
the prairie level. The banks of the river
are from two hundred to two hundred
and fifty feet high, densely wooded at-d
almost perpendicular.

In 1840, Robert Terrill Rundle was K
s^nt as Methodist missionary to the In-
dian tribes of the Saskatchewan. Ed-
monton House became a centre from
which he went to the Indian camps. In
1855, Thomas Woolsey brc.ther-iu-law to v^
Mr. Rundte was sent an mis<-ionary to
Kdmonton House. He became an inmate
of the Hudson's Bay Coi.ipany's Fort.and
iu his missionary work most of his time
was spent upon the plains with the Indians.
Earnestly did he toil for the salvation of
the red men and much good w as done
under his miniatrations. In 1857 he
stationed himself at Pigeon Lake where
he preachinl faithfully the word of life.

The following account of the trip from
Red River to Edmonton in 1855, by •
Thomas WooUej is worthj of being read
at this date with much interest ; —

Our arrival in Selkirk, alias Red River
Settlement, was, to me, an event long to
bo remembeied, as I b»gan to reiilize that
I was imUt'd"a 8tr:iiiger in a 8tr;>nge land,"
ttiongh my colUauue had befn there prev-
viuHsly, and. consequently, was quite at
horn". It was then tliat I could institute
a comparison between a former residence,
tor ten years in thiif'vast emporium of
the world, the city of London," England,
but, in doing so, I became quite a cosmo-
politan in regard to life in its varied
ph.ises. A travelling companion, of
Scotch origin, Mr. .James Uoss, a gentle-
miiu of more than ordinal y education,
soon introduced us to the Rev. Johni^
Rlack, Presbyterian minister, who gave
ns a most hearty u elcome, and regarded
ma as his guest during our stay, He
roon after favoured us with an interview
with the Bishop of Rupert's Land, that
distinguitihed pieUte giving us the right
hand of fellowship in a way and manner
purely evangelical

Our next interview waa with Governor ^
McTavish, to whom we presenttd letteia
of introduction from Canada. Our recep-
tion was the most gratifying, with the
assurance that he would, at tar as practi-
cable, fiicilitate our journeyings to tho re-
gions beyond. Little did I then think
that wc had 'hen entered upon a territory
three millions of miles in extent, a C(.n-
siderable portion of which was in the
hands of the Hon, the Huds.in Bay Com-
p«uy, who, by virtue of i charter, grunted
by Charles I[. to Prince Rupert and »
body of adventnrers, trading into Hudsoa
Bay, had territorial posMnioD, as well m

I I

absolute commercial right of such portions
of the country as were drained by the
Hudson Bay. Like privilegeo, commer-
cially considered, were also possessed by
a license from the Imperial Government,
renewable every twenty- one years, over
such portions as were not drained by the
aforesaid expanse of waters.

After a very agreeable stay in the
Settlement, we crossed to the north shore
of Lake Winnipeg, where we had a very
lieaity reception from the Chief Factor of
Norway House. This was the principal
depot of the Northern Department of the
H. B. Co. A great number of trading
boats used to arrive there, en route, to
York Factory, a distance of 500 miles — a
most difficult traverse, as no less than 45
portages had to be crossed, involving
considerable delay uad expense. Ross-
ville Mission being proximate we liad a
very delightful but brief sojourn witli the
Rev. Thomas Hurlburt and family. He
'vas then Chairman of our entire mission
work in that land. But the time fur
voyaging to Edmonton Hoii^e, nearly
1,000 miles distmt, arrived ; and we,
through the courtesy of Chief Factor Sin-
clair, became' deck passengers. We soon
reached the Grand Rapids, near Cedar
Lake, when I found that all the merchan-
dise, baggage, etc., had to be carried over
a portage, three miles in e<tent, and that
all the boats had, hy Herculean hands, to
be drawn across the carrying place ami
then launched at the head of the r.ipids
and re-loaded. Chen began in reality the
fowing or hauling np of the boats ah. ng
the Saskatchewan River, involving con-
SKde.able labour to the men employed ;
but as soon as we came to good tracking
ground, the empbyees took their respeo
tiv^ shoulder straps, secured ench to a
long rope fastened to thj boat and then
jumped overboard, waded to shore, and
commenced to haul in right good earnest;
but, as soon as we got t'l the end of the
tracking ground, the men reentered t'le
boats and began to row most vig(»touHly.
Tliis was reipeated several tiincH during
t'je voyage, interspersed with ocMsioiml
crossing of portages. All this beuned
to me "passing strange."

C(m'«iderable virioty stoorl connected
with visiting Cumberland House, ('arlton
Housf, Fort I'itt and oth'jr pliices, piior
to reaching Edmonton H.use. The mails
were received with open arms, !»a only two
deliveries were at the ci.m -jund of the
residents of fortB, etc., eacti year. Ed-
monton House was at lenatli reiichcd on
the 2fith of Sept inlier. when an enthnsias-
tic reception wis give i to tiio mission-
aries, Indians aAd whites apparently re-
alizing that

"The noblest type of n an is the Christian;
The noblest type of the Christian, the

Christian minister ;
And the noblest type of the Christian

minister, the Christian missionary. '

The following notes relating to Woolsey
ai d Steinhauer, with a letter from the
fcrmer, appeared in the Missionary Re
port for 1857. Woolsey's letter was
vritten at Edmonton House : —

The Natives gave Messrs Woolsey and
Steinhauer a joyous reception; and though
'hey are inordinately addicted to super-
stition and pupidity, Mr. Woolsey's 3on
gregations on the great Plains ai e very i/^
attentive, and not a few have been
baptized, and some of the adul'.s added to
the Church. Mr. Steinhauer who like-
»vi8e traverses the Plains in search of
souls, is actively engaged at Lac-la- Biche,
where preaching and the adiniuistratioD
of the Racr.iuients have resulted in an /
acces&'on of members. Mr. \\\ K>lflev.'8 ^

n^iar pynt-, Pi^Poll T^ftU^ is On the SfiUtlT of

tHe Saskatditwan, and Mr. Steinhauer's
on the north, and they are three or four
hundred nides apart. At present they
appear in the Stations under one desig-
nation, but practically they aie two
Mission", and of great importance. It is
contemplated to remove the Lacla-Biohe
station to a position isolated from Papal
influence, wh ch it is not now, and more
convenient, l.ecau^e of its proxiniitv to
the butfaloes, tor procuring food, and for
pushing the work forward to the Moun-
tains : and while .the establishment of
these tw p Mis^^ions must be mobt expen-
sive and toilsome, the friends of Indian
evangel imti on have a dni.y to dif^charge,
from which they cannot shrink but to the
neglect of the too-long neglectej Trihes
from the Saskatchewan to the Pacific
coast.

Although a certain writer has declared
that — "It is daring and adventurous to
explore the primeviil forests of America,
til" iiitirniinable prn'ries of the Fur West,
scorching deceits of Africa, the wilds of
Borne", "r the jungles of Madagascar and
New Zenliind." yt t Kuch feats Irivo been
peifoinud, and these remote regions,
vhere imture revels in unbounded majesty,
and win re the impress of hnni,.n civili
zation liitH lieen unfelt and unack;.owledg-
Lvl for at"** gone by, are now being
tra verged liy the heralds <if the Cro-f-; and
1, as «»u(v am honoured in venturing a
little furtlit r into the Fat West, and ewtali
hilling a uiKKinii betwt en IliiH iin! K<iil:v-
.Mnuiitnin Houm. In taking this step 1
shill have to muke SHCiitiJtH of which I
fi riiied liiit little coiice|tiiin twelve
months ag". During our ramblings we
have to canip in the open air for a suces- ^

n
n

l » I U<«

l*^

k k

Bion of nights, with no covering but a
fragile tent ; no resting place but the
cold earth. Thoro a.eino kind friends to
welcome us in the vast plains ; no bland
smile to meet us ; no fair hand to give
the friendly greeting, or to spread a
bounteous supply for our refreshments.
No ; our bable is God's green cushioned

• earth ; dependent upon a kind Providence
giving success to the chase ; and, to
crown the whole, none but Divine pro-
tection (aiihouuh that is snfTicient) from
the prowling wolt or the ravenous bear
or from man more wild than they.

In projecting this I^ qeoNvLake Mij )-
B ION^ it is snppo^e^ thal^we^sTrnTThave

y^ access to the 8tt.<ne Irdians and the Black
feet as well as the Crees. I am not ap-

Erehensive of any danKer,except from the
laokfeet ; but these have been so long
drear^e^l, that I think it is about time
they were given to understand that they
are but men ; although I must confess
that when I look at this strongly -built
fort, at Edmonton, and see a piece of
mounted ordinance in the centre ot it,
and pieces in each of the bastions, and am
given to understand that when these des-
. peradoes come, the fort gates are barred
and locked, and only a few ullowed in tit
a time for purposes of trade, I am led to
ask what David can do with his sling and
stone ? Or I should rather enqnire, what
can he not do through the Captain of
Israel's hosts ? True it is, that the
(lesuits, in their earlier movements in
California, "deemed it rash and inex-
pedient to encounter the heathen with
spiritual arms only, and therefore enlisted
koldiera in their service, —a kind of fellow-
labourers unknown to 8t. Paul'H mission-
ary experience." But we, I trust, go
forth with "tlie sword of the Spirit,which
is the Word of (jod ;" and if our bodies
fall in the conflict, our spirits will the
sooner join the noble army of martyrs
"who were slain for the Word of God
and for the testimony which they held ; "
and, therefore, we calmly await the
iMue.

If I were to consult my own personal
ease and comfort, I might wish probab'
to remain at the fort ; but, in the first
place, I should have but little access to
the Indians ; and, Mcondly, as the major-
ity of thfl residents a>-f Roman Catholics,
and one or other of the priests very often
here, I am afraid 1 should be of little
service to them, for they will not attend
our kervices. These people are moat
strangely given to dancing, which was
carried on to Buohjan extent at the begin-
ning of the vear, as not only to disturb
my rest but also distress my mind, as my
hearerB were mixing so much in these

movements, rs to nullify my Sabbath
exertions. Added to this, as it was car-
ried -on in the very room m here Divirie
worship was performed, I was led to '
speak freely on the subject, Baving
seriously pondered over the matter, I at
last told the gentleman in charge, that I
could no longer conduct public worship in
that h"ll, giving him my reasons for tak-
ing such a step. He very kindly placed
the dining-hall at my disposal, where We
have worshipped ever since. Though I
would not place an undue estimate upon
any building, yet I believe, with Bp.
Home, that — "While man is man, re-
ligion, like man, must have a body and
soul; and the two parts, in

both CHses, will ever have a mutual
influence upon each other."

It is exceedingly annoying to fi'^ the
priests rendering null and vr.io any
Protestant ordinance as administered by
me. And while I wibh to entertain all
the personal respect possible for these
Romish ecclesiastics, yet, as the ordinance
of baptism, administered a few weeks ago,
was declared nugatory by the priest, I
spoke rather plainly upon the subject,
especially tis the parents had promised
that the child should not be re-baptised.
I said — As a general thing, I would care-
fully avoid saying or doing anything that
might prove offensive to any one in the
fort ; but that when I cuuld not keep
silence without violating my own con-
science, or sacrificing my own religious
principles, they might rest ai-aured I should
swing Saxon battle axe without fear or
favour.

Mr. Rundle's late interpreter was de- /*
siroua of beiiiff married to a Romanist.
Her father (who is a French Canadian)
did his utmost to cause him to give up
ProteHtantitim, This he would not do.
He wished to be married by his own
minister ; but this could not be tolerated
at all ; so at last he agreed to be married
by thepriest,on condition that he retained
his own principles. The priest was sent
for,all preparation made,and the marringe
expected to come off at one. But no !
just at the last it was made known to him
that he must abandon /iin religion, or she
would not have him. In an instant, with
a magnanimity of soul the most dignified,
he said, — "Ao .' J will not give up my re-
ligion for any one I " In conversing with
him Buhstquentl^, I was delighted to hear
a repetition of it. May his providential
path be opened up !

D uiing the Riel r ebellion of^ 1885, ^
Thomas \\'oolsey wroteTTie following Tet-
ter which was published in the Christian
Guardian: —

Whilst I deeply deplore the aotion

taken by jtay of the Indians in the recent
out-break, I am quite certain that Jihere
has been an undue prominence given
chereto, as my nine yeara' sojoura amongst
the respective natiouHlities greatly pre-
possessed me in their favor, though I
uiust admit that one P. J. DeSniet, a
Jesuit priest.has designated the Blackfeet
aa "murderers, robbers, traitois, and
everything that is vile ! " I have, how-
ever, the greatest confidence in our Chris-
tianized Indians ; and have yet to learn
anything contrary to the utmost loyalty
on their part. It may not be generally
known that more than forty years ago
the late Rev. James Evans had a form of
prayers translated for the Crees and
printed in the syllabic characters, the
said form including the prayers for the
Royal Family and others. Many of the
Crees and Stone Indians were members
of our Chnrch in 1864, and would have
been chronicled as such had I remained.
In fact, my successor, the late Rev. Geo.
McDougall, returned 300 as members
the following year, that brothei being
satisfied that the labors uf his predecessors
had not been 'in vain in the Lord," But,
yet,many of the friends of our missions are
wondering thac greater results had not
been brought about. This I will endeavor
to explain, by showing that the Rev. R.
T. Rundio, sent out by the Parent Society
in 1840, was the first missionary in the
whole of that Saskatchewan Valley, and
had at length, in 1848, to return home,
as he affirmed, "crushed by the climate
and exposure." The work then remained
in the hands of a local preacher — an In-
dian — ihitil myself and Bro. Steinhauer
preached there in 1855. when we at once
entered upon that self-sacrificing field of
labor, ana unitedly co-operated in carry-
ing on the work in that extensive region
peopled by thousands of the aborigines.
But' what were we amongst so many ?
The brethren who have for the last twenty
years roamed over that country have
furnished their respective repori<i, and
have, doubtles8,accouiplished cuuch good,
but, had the work been more extensively
carried on, by mom laborers being sent
into that vine-yard, the heart-rendings of
many a family would have been prevented
and the drain upon our national ex-
chequer been uncalled for. The workings
of my mind for somn dayj p tst have been
so peculiar, that were I younger I wou'd
practically endorse the sentiment express-
ed years ago by t!ie venerable Dr. Wood,
that "not only in the army, but in the
Christian Churoh, there are men ready to
fight their battles over again !" It may
not be generally known that our labors
were to a very great extent confined to

^he Crees and Stone Indians in the neigh-
borhood of Edmonton House and the
Rocky Mountains ; and, con8equently,do
not regard ourselves as having ministered,
except casually, to the Blackfeet an«l
other pagan tribes.

Thomas Woolsey.

Edmonton as a mission pro|)er was be- ^^
gun by George McDougall in thesprina of "'^
1871. Rundle and VVoolsey chose Ed- ^
monton House as a centre, but did not v
erect any buildings or deck t^) make it a
separate mis!«ion. George McDougall saw
the advisability of beginning work earn-
estly in this place, as he felt certain that
it was destined to be a place of import-
ance. It was the head of a Hudson Bay
District, a rendezvous for Indians and
half-breeds, and a centre of attraction.
The enterprising niissi'tnary erected with
the help of his friends mission premises,
and the cause of God prospered among
the people.

The following letter reveals the incep- Ir
tion of the work .it Edmonton as a district
mission : —

"Edmonton N. VV. T. Oct 23rd 1871. /
A party of Canadian Pacific Railway'
Engineers returning to Manitoba, kindly
offer to ti>.ke charge of our letters. For
five months we have had nn direct com-
municatiim with the new province. Our
circumstances when compared with last
year, demand unfeigned gratitude. Then
the terrible epidemic was upon us, and
the wretched Cree and Blackfoot, driven
to desperation by the plague, clamored
for the blond of their enemies. For eight
mr^nths these tribes have been at peace ;
and since last March, I have not heard of
a case r>f small-pox. Buffalo have been
plentiful, and the harvest good. The
fnrerunnei* of civilization is now inspect-
ing our rich plains — the engineer —taking
the altitude of our mountain8,and slowly,
but surely opening a way to the great
Pacific. For ■ many years the VVesleyan
Missionary has labored to direct public
attention to the vast and fertile plarna of
British Central America. Mow, men of
the woi-ld will corroborate their state-
msnts, and consummate the work.

yVe expect to complete the neyy ^ia^ion -

ouse b y t^t? *'''flt nf ""Ej?'"'^"'' 'haC
building IE 23 by 33 feet; two stories
high, and ceiled with boards. Altogether,
it will be one of the best finished build
ings in the country. We have also con*
pleted a stable, — dimensions, 30 by 15
teet. These erections, not including our |v^
own labor, will cost over twelve hundred
dollars ; of this sum we have collected
•even hundred and fifty doHara, and wey

^ ^

■Mfel

expect our good frieuda iii the SaHkutch-
ewan will help ns to make up the bal-
lanca.

This winter we hope to procure
materials for[acomn[iodiou8 t<chool-house,a8
we have thought it beat not to attempt a
church for the present. The general
opinion is that Edmonton will be the
Cfipital of the Western Province. One
tiling is evident, it will be the head of
navigation ; and in view of tliesu fiicts,
we must act for the future. At present
our prospects are hopeful, the shadow
of death that covered the land is gone,
and the great sorruw has been sanctified.
For the tirat time, in many years, peace
reigns on the Plains, and the Misaionary
has access to all the tribes. Out schools
jtkte doing a good work but what are wo
''^amongst so many ? Not ten miles from
Edmonton, an J at one Mission, there art-
eight priests. Popery stands ready tor
every opening. Friends of truth, to you
we appeal : through your liberality, and
in obedience to the great command, we
came to this far off land. Will you sus-
tain us by increasing our number, by
enabling us to rescue the multitude «f
Buflering children ? Our only hope for
the future success of these missions tie-
pendd upon the moral anrl religious train-
ing of the young, of m horn bcores, if not
hundred!*, might now be gathered into
our schools. Nor ate the claims of the
natives the only ones that demand immed-
iate action : our noble country will
thortly be the home of tens of thousands
of the sons and daughters of Canada — the
broad field on whicli they will find )m>p!e
scope for their energy. Already the
adventurous Canadian mingles with the
mixed blood and the native in our Sabbath
services. To meet the wants of theii
evei increasing numbers, we must have
more men.

Above all, we beseech you pray for us,
th it a biptiam of the Holy Spirit may
rest upon your agents, and upon the
struggling Missions of this land.

•

Gkuroe McDougall.

Numerous settlors were to he found
around this post, aa well as th-^ employees
of the Company. The religious services
were therefore well attende<1, and much
appreciated. 13efore and after the Mis-
sion-house wan built and until a church
was erected the Sabbatli School and
public services were held in the Fort.

Iti^ IftfiS the Rev. Petfif qaipiibell was
stationed at Edmonton hut he m^je Iji j
tjy me at Piffeop Lake, now CJUgd Wg Q/1-
viHe^ He preached at Woodvllle, kocky
Mountain House and Edmonton, until

the Chairman of the District left Victoria
for Edmonton, when ^^e sent Mr.
Campbell to occupy Victoria. This
faithful worker was jealous in the
discharge of his dutiea, heertleas of danger
and never sparing himself in preaching
the gospe'. Before leaving Woi-dville for
Victoria, when the Chairman was living ^
at Edmonton and J< jhn McDougall wa s^C^
stationed at Victoria . M r! CaiiiphelLwrqt e ^
as tollowB re'spec'tTng his work:-— ^^

•' i have tried as regularly as possible
to go to the Mountain House once every
n-onth, but the distance being ahont 1*26 r'
miles by the sunimer trail, and a great
part of tlie road almost impassable — espec-
ially if the season is wet — it is liy no
means an easy journey to perform.
However, at the risk of injuring my
animals and exposing my health, I h.ive
tried to keep my appointments, knowing
the reward was sure and the r< cord on
high Such assurances are worth more
than gold to the servant of God. Often
in my long and wearisome journeys have
Mii-ii reflections cheered the lonely hours
and strengthened my heart for greater
toils. The people of the Fort are always
veiy glad +0 see me, and listen attentively v
til the truths of tht Gospel. Most of 1 1 cm
are Protestants, and in their fatherland
received instruction in the truths of the
Bible. Frequently we meet the Stoneys -
there, aa it is the post where the majority
of them do their trading. In September,
I spent six days at the Foit ; had tei vires
four times in the Sabbath, — twice for
the benefit of the Enghsh-apeakii g portion
of the pe(>ple, and twjceJoI^he,SLlJne^s,•'
who had pitched inafewcTiyslieTcMre,
and remained for the purpce of seeing
the minister, as I was, according to pro-
mise, expected at that time. During the
week days we had two services, so that
my time was .^pent in trying to lead these
poor wanderers to God. In the six days,
I held fourteen services and baptized
three children. I left for home on the
24th of the month, promising to meet tlie*^
Mountain Stoneys again aboiit the 20th of
October, as they all expected to be at the
Fort then to do theii fall trading, iiid
obtain supplies for the winter. On the
15th of October, I started again for the
Mountain Fort, and found many of the
Stoneys already there and a few tents of
Blackfeet. J spent twelve j j[avj| %t jb fl
Mot^utain For t, and duringthat Uitie I
baptzetl eiglit children and two women,
and marri« d one couple. 1 also took the /
namoi^ of all the men, women, and child-'
ren belonging to the Mnnntaiu Stoneys ;
also the names ot all who are trying to
•Mead new lives," as I the ught it would
be an item of iutertist to you.'^

Peter Campbell removed to Victoria
„^nA .Tohi^ M Qp o<i gall went to Woodvill e.

/ The history of the Litter, we shall treat
of separately before our task is dune.
The former spent five years _in_ the ii4^-

/k alchewan . striving toeJevate bythe
preaching of the Uospel half-bieeds,
Indian!) and white people,and those years
BO full ot toil, hardiihip and dauj^cr were
not lacking in spiritual fruits.

An important event iu the history of
Methodism took place, namely the as-
sembling of ti ie first Conference for Manj -
^ tcha and the Korthwest Territorigs .
The L'onferance assembled on the moruuig
/''f 4.uly 26ltb, ^87-2, in the Wesleyan
V Church; " Winnipeg, with the following
members : —
Ihe Rev. \V<n. Morley Punshon, LL.D.

President of the Conference.
The Rev. Enoch VVoodD.!).,
Secretary of the Missionary Society : and
John MacJonild,E.s((,Treas. of the Society.

Jjeputat'mn

and

from the Committee,
Conference:

Tlie Rev. George Young, Winnipeg.

Chairman of the Red River f)Ditrirc.
The Rev. George McDongall, Eilmontop
House, Chairman of the SxukatchewaH
District. .
— ^'he Rev. Michael Fawcett, High Bluff.
The Rev. Henry li. Steinhauer,

White Fish Laka.

The Rhv. Peter Campbell, Victoria..

yT^Tlie Rev. John McDougill, Woodville.
^ The PjOV. E. R. Young, Rossville,

Norway House.
The Rev. Matthew Robison, High IJiuff,
,^The Rev. A. Bowerman, Winnipeg.

George Ed.vards, a t/anilidate for the
miuistry, employed by the Chairman, was
also present.

Those in attendince comprised all the
missionary workers in the country, except
J. Sinclair, Native Teaohfr at Oxfora
House. Long distances had some of these
men to travel to reach Winnipeg, some of
thi^m beim; twenty ilays and one party
twwnty-tive on thair journey. Instead of
being billete 1 as in these better days, tiie
ministers from the Saskatchewan District
camped out, preferring to stay in the out-
skirts of Winnipeg where they could
have their horses in pasture, rather than
occupy any of the homes of the people.
Dunnsr the stay of the deputation from
the East, —some foni- or five days — Dr.
Punshon gave two of his famous Lectures
'^Daniel ill /iahylon." and "The men of the
MayfloiO'-.r" (3ne of these Lectures was
delivered in the Methodist Church, pre-
sided over by Jamod W. Taylor Esq.,
United States (yon8ul,<tnd the other in the
Hudaoa's B^y Company's new warehouse,

which had for chairman, His Excellency
Governor Archibald.

Several important measures were intro-
duced to the Conference. It was felt
dtsirable to establish a College at iWinui
pfg, and John Macdonald, ff-eaSurer of
the .Mir^sionary Society was requested to
wait upon Donald A. Smith, P>q., M.P.,
Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company,
and lay the matter before him. This was
done and the enterprise stemed to impiesHl
the Govern'T so favorably, thathegiive (
his a83uiance,that if the Wesleyan Church I
established a College, the Hudson's Bsy \
Com piny would provide gratuitously I
sufficient land for this purpose. |

The establishment of a new mie$ion \
upon the Bow River, aa a favordble pi^int /
to operate among the Blackfce^' wa;i re /
commended. This mission was subseqtrcn-
tly established, and was named MoHl^y-
ville after Wm. Morley P^nsbon.
An interesting event took place in \i^e
^^rdination of John McDouguIl. \

-1 T he Toronto Globe, correspondent ip tjh^p
issueof August 16, 1872. ' in a letter upcCfi
the heading " Manitoba A ffairs : \Vinjjj-

8C&IM hhai the

peg, Anguit 1st. IH'^jL " ..„

VVesleyan Uhurch in "Unnipeg was far Hi y '
advance of that of any othei denomination
there, and its dsvelopment had been sq
rapid, that it would be creditable to anyi
town in Ontario. r'

George McDougall and hJs party turned ,
their faces toward the Saskatchewan on j
the Hp yj>nd ^av of August 1872. Upon /
the s!imedaytEe"SanQTor3TTeming B^x- I
peilition left Fort Garry for the trip 1
across the pUins. That memorable jour- /
ney has been well described by Principal'
Grant of Queen's College, the Secretary
of the Ex[(edition, in his book ^*Ocean to
Ocean." (ieorge McDougall with his
Cree servant Souzie overtook the party ^
when thirty-three miles beyond Winnipeg.^ n
They parted for awhile at 4Am4 PortageSw/^f^j^^^
but were reunited at Fort EUice. The """"■^-^^A
missionary party travelled more leisurely
Hidej; the guidance of John McDougall. <*
iJuring'the eSHy part of tTi^'jourriey^ Mr. '

M jDougall did not know that in the ex-
pedition there was a. minister in the per- ,
son of the Secretary, consequently, he
acted as spiritual adviser and preacher,
but genuine religion always will become
manifest. Souzie observed one day the
autlior of i/cean to Ocean up3n his knees
in prayer in secret, and he very speedi ly^
informed his master that there must be a
praying-man in the c:imp. From that
hour Principal Grant and the Cree Indian
Missionary conducted the services in
unison. Agreeable bO« resolution
at thi
the

ices .in v
passed ^^^
h e first Winnipeg Confer ence asking ^
GeueraT Missionary "^ihmittee to

lency

ntro-
j felt/
inui-j
•erof

P(l tu

J.P..

•any,
I wua,
piesrt

gUVK

ui-cIj

B.y

•usly

l/S

Bend an officer of the Society or a Senior
member of tlie Conference to visit the
reinote miasions, Lachlin Tavlor D.D ..
Secretary of the Misbionary Society lelt
Toronto on May ^^\\\, 1X73 upon this
miH&ion, Nine days afterward Dr. Taylor
with two coinpanioua, Rev. J. B. Arin-
Btrong and Jacob Hains Esq of Morrisburg
reached Winnipeg. A congregation of
early three hundred listened to the
Doctor's morning bermon. In hib report
of his trip he speaks of Dr, Geor ge i'ojm ^'s
faithfuj[ minipt fj ^jpn amongtne people,
ai)dr~liis forethought in anticipating the
necessities of m%ny of the missionaries in
the country and his kindness in granting
relief. Kefering tu the dark days of the
Riel Rebellion and the murder of Scott, be
bears testimony to the fact that Dr.
u* George Young stood by the side of the
poor man, tying at his request the
bandage more tightly over his eyes, and
administered spiritual consolation to him
a minute or two before he was Shot.
After a vi3it to Norway and Oxford
House, Dr . Taylor s ta rted acrosa^U ie
lains with John McDOU tf alT aiTmsguji le
aCflT co mpanio n. At Fort i'lic tney niet
George McDougall, Peter Campbell and
their Indian boys. All the mi&uions were
inspected, the district now named Albarta
was passed through, the site for the
Morleyville missiim was visited. A night
was spent with some whiskey traders at

/Fort Whoop Up, and ultimately Fort
Benton on the Missouri reached, when
Dr. Taylor bade fai<.-well to George' Mc-
Dougall, his son John,Bro Suydcr and

\ their servants. The homeward journey
was attended with dan;:;er, but Edmonton
was reached in safety, and work prosecut-
ed with energy, relying upon the blessing
of God in the saving of men.

CHAPTER XI.

THE BLACKFUET.

short time after the visit of Lach-
lin Taylor to the valley of the Bow,
t he new niiasion to the Stoney In -
dians was uonuiioiKied. In Noven i-
hftr, l?jt7.^. MnrleyvillB bftt-nmft a reality
and the erection of builriings was begun
in earnest. John McDuugall, his wife
and tlirce children located there. In the
hiila about three miles back of the present
site of the mission, among the trees, they
built the first mi<^8Jon premises. When
visitiMi by the writer tliey were arranged
on the plan of a square fort, all the build-
ings opening into the square. This wad
done for protection ag'iinst enemies. The
location was fully twelve miles Irora the
site of the Old Bow Fort.

Early in the summer of 1874, George .
McDougall visited Victoria and Athabas-K
ka, and then went to cheer the mission
family at Morlej. In the autumn he de-
parted with his family across the prairies
on a visit to Ontario. Mrs. Mcbougall
had not been an ong her friends in the »
east for fourteen years, and the trip
though long and arduous was cheerful
thiough hope of meeting old friends.

For several years the zealous mission-
ary had earnestly endeavoured to fru-
strate the hopes and plans of tliewhiskev-
traders . The trade in buffaloTo^es had
assumed such proportions that several
traders from the United States had been
induced to enter the country cf the
Blackfeet to cany on their trade. In
trading with the people, the temptation
proved too strong for their trader to evade
the Indians' likiue for liquor, and accord
ingly whiskey of the worst kind was in-
troduced, and some terrible scenes follow-
ed. Many ot the Indians drank the
liquor until they died, and murders were
frequent. Fifty thousand robes, the
laissionary said, wire annually traded
for among the Indians, which were worth
two hundred and fifty thousand dollars
and the Indians received for them noth-
ing but alcohol. Not alone were the
robes sold, but the horses which they
owned were given for liquor and the few
necessaries which sufficed to sustain life.
Crime increobed and the Indians decreas-
ed, Th« Blackfeet and Crees beheld the
fearful consequences of thiii traffic and
were anxious for its suppression. A ^
meeting was htld at the call of George*^
McDougall and Chief Factor Christie of
the Hudson's Bay Company, at which a
petition was drawn up, to be sent to the
Dominion jiuthorities, requesting measures
to be adopted for the overthrow of the
liquor trade among the Indians, and the
maintenance of law and order in the
country. This petition ast'-d that a
military force be sent to the country for
this purpose. The missionary by letters
and interviews sought the object he de-
sired. Chief Factor Christie had in 1871, ^
brought the matter before Governor Archi-
bald, and Cliief Sweet Grabs, head chief
of the Crees in his niebsage sent to the
Governor ut the same time, suid among
other things ''We want you to stop the
Americans from coming to trade o:i our
lands, and giving firewater, ammunition
and arms to our enemies the Blackfeet."
The Domiitica authorities had issued a
proclaniittion prohibiting the traffic in
spirituous liquors to Indians and others
and the use of strychnine in the destruc-
tion of animal lite, but the evils of the
liquor traffic still existed. lLlJ^73j^th§

. J

»>

iP'

Dominion Parliament passed an Aot to
establish and appoint a military force for
the North VVeHt. Thia t'orcj, known as
the Aorch tVi^st Mounted Police, uumberud
at first, three hundred men, with the
prop'jrtionatu complement of othuers. At
the time Gcorga MuDougall and his family
were cr.>ssii)g the pliins, tlie Mounted
Police were in<ik;ug the famous " Tripo/

jp-fe ffg^init Dufferin on Jiilv 8th the firs t

> ^oluinn Of tne force begm its nurch across

tlie pliiiis un>ler the coinmind oli Colonel

French. About the 1

7 ^he mtin cjiumn re
jTiv'erT" A. «■ T;. and F. divisions Demg
left ttier-; under the Attsistant-Commis-
aiouer Lieut-Onlunel Macleod, during that
winter temporary quarters were built
which finally became Fort Macleod. One
dozen men under Colonel Jarvis parted
from the iiMn column at Hoche Percee
|or E dm onton whern they arrived on th e
s econd day of November , 'umier tna
elhoient adniiiistration ot the Commis-
sioner Lieut-Col. Macleod, law and order
was flst.iblisiied in the country, the
whiskey tnllic among the Indians entir-
ely su^pu'esaed, and life made secure.

rha mH-tionary r >ached Toronto in
Septembe r during the seasion of the Fiist
(ieueral Conference which began in the
Metropolitan Church on t he sixteent h
dti v of that mout h.

xne aiicanm and winter were spent in
addressing meetings in tiie interests of
missions. Great enthusiasm was aroused
among the people by tnese addresses, and
the missionary cause was greatly blesjed.
« III the spring a visit was made to Scot-
ia [amTan 1 J^3u^lai^. Deep interest m our
Northwest Indian Missions was the result
of several meetings which he addressed in
London. Early in July, 1875, the missiqp-
/ary and his family left Toroiitofoi tjj^e
{saskatchew'au. About (he same time ^e
JRev. Dr. fTnoch Wood, President of the
'/^^rontoCorifereiice started for Winnipeg
' to ordtilQ fiev'eral youn({ ministers whose
term of prob ition had expired and who
_ had been received into full connection at
") the Ciuferenca previously held. About a
week before this time the missionary Board
V^ fh^ IVT«»h»>1 j . 4t Epiacopjil Church ofCa n-
ada met in tlamilton, Ontario.and decided
to begin a mission in Manitoba, and to ex-
tend its operations to the Saskatchewan.
Between three and four thousand dollars
were siib-icribed toward this object, the
Kev. J. (lardiner was instructed to pro-
ceed t'l Mtuitoba witti a view to bdgin-
uing the enterprise and a missionary
was to bi sent to the duld, as sooi as all
the arranj^^inaats hid been completed.

As George MoDougall was on his way
home, he learned that the Indians in the
Saskatchewan Valley were very uneasy.
This had arisen from the presence of
parties constructing a telegraph line and
in the survey of the Canadian Pacific
Railroad and a party belonging to the^
Geological Survey. Not understanding
the reasons for the presence of these
parties and the work in which they were
engaged, there had been collision and se-
ious consequenciis were expected. Lieu-
tenant Governor Morris obtained permis-
sion from the Dominion authorities to
send a messenger to treat with the
Indians, and he at once selected the man,
whom we are attempting ti describe.
Although he was anxious to reach home
with his family, when the Lieut-Goveroor
requested him to visit the Indian camps,
he patriotically took his wife, leaving the
other members of his family to follow him
and set out upon his mission. He boreA/'
with him a letter from Governor Morris,
stating that ComiiiiaMiouers would visit
them during the summer, to confer with .
them as to a trea ty. He visited the In- *^
dian camps, coiliprising i— i Lthous and
nine hundred and seventy six 8ouls,~
w;v<f ,verv successful in his mission.

liis report to the Lieutenant-Governor
is as follows : —

Morleyville, Bow River,

Rocky Mountains,
Oct. 23rd, 1875.

To ffis Honor Lieutenant-Oovernor Mor-
ris :

Siu,— In accordance with my instruc-
tions, I proceeded with as little delay as
possible to Carlton, in the neighborhood
uf which place I met with forty tents of
Crees.

From these I ascertained that the work
I had undertaken would be much more
arduous than I hv\ expected, and that
the principal cam pa would be found on
the south branch of the Saskatchewan
and Red Deer Rivera.

I was also informed by these Indians
that the Crees and Plain Aasiniboines
were united on two points :

1st. That they would not receive any
presents from Government until a defi-
nate time for treaty was stated.

2nd. Though they deplored the neoes*
sity of reborting to extreme measures,
yet they were unanimous in their deter*
mination to oppose the running of lines,
or the making of roads through their
country until a settlement between the
Government and them had been effected.
I was farther informed that the danger of
a collisica with the whites was likely to

<sW^

vjssaamaaammaesmai

ray
th«
sy.
of
ind
lific
the^
ling
teae
rere

86-

ieu-
mis-
» to

the
nan,
■ib«.
ome
rnor
nps,
; the

him

borey'
trris,
viait

e In- V,
[Band

■^3

Brnor

f5.
for-

bruc-

ly as

Ihood

ts of

rork

lore

that

id on

)wau

iians
sines

any
Idea-

Bces-
lurea,
leter-
lines,
Itheir
In the
loted.
ler of
lly to

c^o^f^.

^■"'

arise frbm the officious conduct of minor
Chiefs who were anxious to malte them-
selves conspicuous, the principal men of
the large camps being much more moder-
ate in their demands. Believing this to
be the fact, I resolved to visit evMry camp
and read tliem your message, and in order
that your Honor may form a correct
jndgment of their disposition towards
the Government, I will give you a synop-
sis of their speeches after the message was
read. Mistahwahsis, head chief of the
Carlton Indians, addressing the principal
Chief of the Assiniboines, and addressine
me, said : "That is just it, that is all we
wanted." 'J he Assiniboines addressing me
said : "Our heart is full of gratitude,
foolibh men have told us that the G reat
Chief would send ' his young men to our
country until they outnumbered us, and
that thou he would laugh at us, but this
letter assure^ us that the Great Chief will
act juHtly toward us."
^ Beardy, or the Hairy Man, Chief of the
Willow Indians, said : "if I had heard
these words spoken by the Great Queen
I could not have believed them with more
implicit faith than I do now." The Sweei
Grass was absent from camp when I
reached the Plain Croes, but his son and
the pi'incipal men of the tribe request-
ed me to convey to the- Gre>tt Chief at
Red River, their thanks for the presents
received, and they expressdtl the greatest
loyalty to the Governmeut^In a word,
I found the Crees rea8onat>re in their de-
mands, and anxious to live in peace with
the white men.^I found t he Bip He^tr. a
S aulte aun. tryiug to take theleao^ui tTugr
cotTncii. lie foiTnci'ljl HVeil at Jack F| a.t>
Xiffie. and ior years nas ben reifar^olag
a trouoiesome fell ow, in his speech he
said ! • • vVe want' none of the Queen'8
presents; when we set a fox-trap we
scatter pieces of meat all round, but
when the fox gets inco the trap we knock
him on the head: we want no bait, let
your Chiefs come like men and talk to us."
Thes e Saulteanx are the mischief.
throi
some of them are shrewtmien .

A tew week§ Since, a land speculator

wished to take a claim at the crossing on

/ Battle River, and asked the consent of the

Indians. Oue of my Saulteaux friends

sprang to his feet and pointmg to the

•east, said : "Do you see that great white
man (the Government) coming ! " "No"
said t*^" Tflfitftl^T" **I do " said the
f-ylhSnia, "and I hear the tramp of the
\f jSnultitude behind h-'.i ,and when he comes
.:# you can drop in be! A him, and take up
all the land claims you want : but until
t-hen I naution you to put up no stakes in
our country." it was very fortunate fof

friends
further
•equally
Iii'iiau,

w ere a
jrtijiorit j In camy . THeT^ees
woulcl Tiave"driTen them out of
camp long ago, but v ere afraid of their
medicines, as they are noted conjurers.

The topics generally HiHcuastd at their
council and which will be brought before
the Commissioner are as follows in their
own language. "Ttll the Great Chief y«'
that we are glad the traders are prohibit-
ed bringing spirits into our country :
when we see it, we want to drink it, and
it destroys v ; when we do not fee it we
do not think about it. Ask for us a strong
law, prohibiting the free use of poison ^
(Strychnine).

It has almost exterminated the animals
of our country, and often makes us bad
with our white neighbors. We
request that a law be made,
applicable to the Half-Breed and -
punishing all parties who set tire*''^
to our forest or plain. Not many years
at^o, we attributed a prairie fire to the
malevolence of an enemy, now every one
is reckless in the use of fire, and every
year large numbers of valuable'animals
and birds perish in consequence. We .
would further ask that our chiefships bcK
eiitabliahed by the Government. Of late
ypars almost every trader sets up his own
Chief and the result is we are broken up
into little parti s, and our best men are
no lonfgVr resr ited."

I will stat'v in connection with this,
some of the false reports I had to combat
ill passing through this country, all calcu-
lated to agitate the native mind. In the
neighborhood of Carlton an interested
P'lrty went to consi<lerabie trouble to in- ^
form the Willow ludians that I had $3,-
000 for each band as a present from the
Governnient,and nothing in my long jour-
ney gave me greater satisfaction than the
manner in which these Indians received
my explanation of the contents of my
letter of instructions. At the Buffalo
Lake I found both Indianii .'und Half-
Breeds greatly agitated. A gentleman!^
passing through t>heir country had told
them that the Mounted Police had recei-'
ved orders to prevent all fartios killing
buffalo or other animals, except during
three months in the year, and these are
only samples of the false statements made
by parties who would rejoice to witness
a conflict of rac-as.

That your Honor's message was most
timely, there are ample proofs.

A report will have reached you before
this time that parties have been turned
back by the Indians, and that a train con- >
taining supplies for the telegraph contrac- ''^
tors, when west of Fort Pitt, were met
by three Indians and ordered to return.

'■ I

^W^,

%'.-»*^i

Now after carefully investigating; the
matter and listening to the st<\tements of
all parties concerned, my opinion is, that
an old traveller amongst Indians would
have regarded the whole affair as too
trivial to be noticed. I have not met a
Chief who would bear nMn the responsi-
bility of the act JL Tt . . . . Personally

I am indebted ooth to the missionaries
,. and the Hudson's Bay Company's officials
i.^ for their assistance at the Indian Coun-
cils.

Believing it would be satisfactory to
your Honor and of service to the Com-
missioners, I have kept the number of
all the tents visited and the names of the
places where I met the Indians. Bj'
reckoning eight persons to each ten t, we
will have a very close approximate to thi
number of Indians to be treated with at
Carlton, anvi Fort Pitt. There may have
been a few tents in the forest, and I have
heard there are a few Crees at Lesser
Slave Lake and Lac la Biche. btit the
number cannot exceed twenty tcuts.
All of which is respectfully submitted.

G. McDouuALL.

fir I'l^ missionary before leaving Toronto
, piO^*^had been authorized to Oitaolish a new
mission one hundred miles south of the
Bow River. Towards this object the
ethodist Sunday School at Charlotte-
own, Prince Edward Island, hud volun-
eered to support the new mission to the
xtent of one thousand dollars a year. A
crip was made into the country of the
Blackfeet and a site was selected for the
mission at Cilj,clj«tJQ£««k, Southe^^
ta ^ thirty nules we s^ofTorfjTTcIpQd
I fwas nameJ tne t^lay-groun

• froiu Old Vlan's River wiiich was
at the time

ISSIOU,

now'n

Play-ground River thus

Blackfoot tradition of

as
named froin a
Napioa, the Old Man having sported him
self like a child, using lar^e rocks for
marbles. The Indians still show the tra-
veller the large stones which Napioa
placed in his game. The site of the mis-
sion is now in the centre of the finest
8tookraisini< district mCuiada. There
(a nof. to-day in the whole Djmiuion a
better district for stock-raisiut; than the
stock ranges of Pincher Cieek. Alas !
the mission was never eatablishe.! by the
faithful man, for ere' his plans were I lid,
(>od called him home. Thi8Play-gr')unt
^lia8lon was the misiion to 'th'e lIl ttT^n^^ .
I j^a prnjajj^ u/ ag n6VAP tmrrlecT'jou t.
A f ter the deatli of the musionary. Mist
Barrett wont, to Port Maoleod and started
a day school for Indians and half breed i.
Six months afterward Henry M. Manning
arrived as the tirst missionary to the

lers. ana Tie held a few services/Ct mjA

white tUttiers. ana lie held a lew ^ervice^
at Pincner Creek. In 1880, the write:
was ordamed as missionary to the Black-
foot Indians and went to Fort Macleod,
as successor to George McDnugall, Re-
gular services were held at tne Indian
Farm, Pincher Creek, and at the Mounted
Police Barracks, Pincher Creek. Onthe|^
first Sunday in August, 1880, service M'as
begun at tne Mountain Mill, fifty miles
west of Macleod, aad subsequently regu-
lar appointments were made at the Gait
Saw Mill in the Porcupine Hills.

Two months aftj ■ ihe jn inea- w ere op^ n -
ed at Leth bricige' lay ^ rrwrn TS t jfior d ^
foreman of the mine, the writer began
regular service there, which was maintain-
ed until the Indian work on the Blood
Reserve became too heavy to allow of any
outside w ark. The beginnings of missioif
work in Southern Albcrt<i among the
white settlers and Indians, vill be foimd
fully described in the authoi's Hlitory of
the Blackloot Jndiann.

All too soon to our huinah vision, the
strong man was laid low, and the Play-
ground Mission was never developed, the
sheep becoming scattered and the wander-
ing tribes left to mourn the loss of one
whom they had trusted and hoped to find
a teacher and a friend.

CHAPTER XIL

TIIK LAST HUNT.

jN this wonderland .of the west, the
^IJPI missionary hud to depend upon his
'^^ energy and good judgment to secure
^•^^ success for his varioub enterprises,
and from his small salary to support the
mission family.

During the autumn and winter the
preachers of the Cross donned their suits
of buckskin and awny to the plains they
rode in search of buiTalo, heeding not the
h.i>'d work nor the necessary endurance.
Brave, generous and kind were the mis-
oionaries of the early days, as the men
are to day. Life upon the prairie, how-
over, in times of solitude united men more
olosely and firmly than is possible to be
done in this agd of railroads, when each
man is too inuoh occupied with his own
affairs to be able to gi>'e any time to his
neighbor's plans. In Jjiiiuary, 1876, herdsi/'
of buflalo were reported to be un the plains,
and a party from the Mnrley Mission was
organi/.oil, consisting of George M o I >ougall,
his sun John and his nephew Moses, who
started out to get the winter's supply of
meat.

An Indian, and his son about twelve
years of aga, joined the inissinti party.
Away they sped with great hopes of suo-
oess, each member of the bmall party

-A

J.3. \f^

servicei
J write
I Black
lacleod,
11. Re-
Indiail
lounted

On the^
'ice was y
ty miles ^
y regii- ' '
ihe Ualt

Llauud,
r began,'
aintain-
16 Blood
f of any
missioif
ong the
e found
litory of

on, the
le Play-
ped, the
wander-
>8 of one
1 to find

B8t, the
pun hia
) secure
rprisoH,
lort the

ber the
ir suits
ns they
not the
u ranee,
he mis-
he men
how-
)D more
le to be
en each
lis own

to his

\, herds ^

1 plains,
on was
^ou^all,
8, who
jply of

twelve

party.

of suo-

party

being in good health and of an active dis-
position.
jOo Monday, January 24th, the party

^jKaa about eigh t or ten y'IcB frj up Fort
Bresboige, now known as Calo ry. Upon
ihe atternoon oi tiiat day Johii McDvOugall
ran the buffalo, killiug six animals aftor
mach hard work, and darkness came on
before they were all skinned, the meat
dressed and placed upon the sleds. The
camp WAS about eight miles from the place
where the buffalo w»^re killed, and about
thirty miles from Morley. Father and
■on worked hard preparing the meat to
take home, and then the former made
■ome cofi'ee and a hasty meal wis eaten.
One of the aniiuals was generously given
to the Indian, as he had been unsuccessful
ID the hunt. The last animal was dressed
and placed upon the Hied and the party
started in Indian fashion for the camp,
the Indian and his son leading and the
others following, all being guided by John
MoDnugall. Father and son conversed
awhile as they travelled oamp-ward, and
when within two miles of their destination
the aged mifsinimry told his son that he
woul J go ahead and get supper ready for
the party. Pointing *u a star which stood
over the caiap. and assured that the way
was short and e^tty, he rode off mto the
darkness. The lust of the party followed
slowly with their loads of meat, but they
were not long in gettini; to the lodge. All

, was dark. The tire which they had hoped
to see biasing was out and MubCi was
sound asleep in the lodge. Father was
not there, and the lieart of the son was
quick to perceive the imminent dan((er of
the veteran mUttionary. Guns wer^ fired,
a search was made, liut there was no re-
spouse. It was II cold ni^ht, and ho(je
died not in th« iiearti of the hrave men.
Early in the mornini; tliu Mearch was con-
tinued, but the energetic attempts made
were fruitless.

A severe storm set in, such as would
destroy any huiiian being. His faithful

^urse was found five days after he started
for the lodge, hut the master was not
found. The settlers in the country were
•roused, and aided by the Mounted
Police, Haif-Breciis and Indians, thx
oountry was scoured. Twelve days passed
by and no tidin).'M of the loat man. It was
Monday evening that he had lost his way,
and two week*', had nearly passed !>>.
Upon the thirtoenth day, which was Sun-
day, a half-breed who had been out hunt
log, and was going for the buffalo which
htt had killed, aonidentaliy fonnd the body
of the sainted mis'lonary of the Snskat-
obewun, not far from the camp which he
had earnestly but unsuccessfully sought.
RcvMrently placing it upon his sled, he

bore it to his lodge, where an Indian
woman kindly covered it with her shawl.
That Sunday afternoon was a sad one to
the missionary family. Sadly the funeral
procession travell<'d toward Morley, bear-
ing the remains of one of Canada's peasant
sons who had toiled nobly for the uplifting
of men, and died amid labors abundant.

Althou>!h the hearts of the mourners
were filled with sorrow, it was the march
of a conquering hero.

Vanquished he was not, for he entered
triumphantly the "home over there."

By a strange Providence the noted
prairie traveller and hunter lost his way.
The man who had crossed the plains many
times, and always felt <\t home upon the
boundless prairies, at last lay down upon
the beautiful snow, stretched out his
limbs and arranged his body as if for
burial, conscious to thu last that all hope
had fled, and now he must go home to
God.

A stranger might have fallen, but this
man, above all otherx, to think that he
should fall, we did not expect it. Nay,
we ihout(lit that storms could never deter
him from duty, and danger only nerved
him to undertake greater things for God
and man, God's ways are mysterious,
and we abide the dictates of His Provi-
dence, for, "Ha doeth all things well."
S everal years ago a half-b rjBe d inforiied
,the writcir that he saw UCo^ e McPqMgajl
Witlking throngh the sn o w durTn^ Tt^
heavy btorm, leading hts^rse. putKn^
lot that he was lt>gt. We shall never

not

know wnai nefel hiin, and why he lost his
way, until in the great recognition time
we meet again in our Father's House.

The country was deeply stirred when
they heard of the sad occurrenoe. Far
and wide the news spread, and great was
the lamentation.

Vario'ts accimnts were given of the
death of the devoted missionary, but we
give place to an account rendered by the
widow in her hour of bereavement.

Mrs. McDougall wrote the fnllowins
letter to her mother which gives in detail
ail account of the loss of the devoted mis-
sionary : —

MORLKYVILLR, BoW KlVKR,

Feb. 15th, 1876.

My Dkar Mothkr, — I have just come
from the grave of my dear huslmnd, who
wns buried last week, on the 10th of this
month. I hardly know how to give you
a detailed account of his death, but I
mtist try and do so. It is very sid to have
the painful duty of writing. Four weeks
ago from this day my dear husband left
home with our son John, and his nephew
Moses McDougall, and two Indians, for

1 ,

II'

I «

the purpose of hunting and brinf^ini; in
meat, the buff do hein^ now not oiore than
thirty miles from this place. The sno«v
bein^; deep and the weather cold they hiid
but little si'.ocess till the next Mondsiy,
when late in the afternoon they killed six
animals. These had to he skinned and
cut up and loaded upon the sleds. When
done, they started for the tent, nearly
four milsa distance. Havinsr left Moses
at the tent, who was complaining of not
being well that morning, his uncle was
anxious about him and expressed his d'
sire to hurry on and see how matters were
and have a Kood fire ready when lohn and
the Indians xhould come. At firF>t John
objected, as they were still two inile:» from
the tent, but his father urged it woiiM be
better. So being on horseback lie rode
off at a gallop. John and his party fol-
lowed slowly. When they reached the
tent, what was their surprise and con-
sternation to find no father, only Moses
fast asieep and fire about out. The slaep-
er was awakened, but he had not seen his
uncle. The night being clear they
judged from the stars that it was about
ten o'clock. They re-loaded their suns
and went upon the highest' places they
could and fired a great number of shots,
and also in the valley ; but to no purpose.
After passing a sleepless night, at esirly
dawn John started out in quest of the
horses, for he thought his dear father
might have been thrown, and if so, his
horse wouUI be with the others. He was
greatly relieved to find his father's horse
was not with the band. He spent the
day in ridini; in every direction a"d firing
shots till late in the evening, bur no
father wa« to he found. This was Tues-
«iay. Wednesday was very stormy, fenr-
ful drifts, no leivirg the tent. ThrouBth
the day he thought it possible that his
tather, in his wanderings the first night,
had been going in the direction of home,
and when day light came, he wou'd find
the road and have gone there. Thin led
him to come hnme.but no father wa^ tht re.
Next morning early, he started out with
David and two othf^ra, and went down to
where the mounted police are stationed,
forty miles from thi», in hopes they miuht
find him there. He was not there and had
not been heard of. A number of the police,
with captain and officers, and others
turned out and rode all over for miles ;
but no vestige of our dear one could be
found. Some of the party came to somp

/tents occupied by hii]f-bre<'<is, among
whom was a boy who said he had seen a
white man riding a dark colored horse on
Tuesday afternoon He rodn around in a
oirold, then atopped hia horse, got off, and

knelt down for ^ome time, holding the
horse by the rein, then he re-mounled
and went on thw way, as the boy thought,
to a place called Elbow, whtre some fan>i- ^
lies are staying. Saturday the horse cameK
to a tent that stood near the load home-
ward,withnut any saddle. All the>e dnya,
the dear boys enduring so much dif-tress
and suspense, I >va8 from nome. I had
gone down the river sixty miles, on a vi>it
to our daughter Nellie's hoii e. The first y*
Sabbath I was there mv dear husbaiur
was with the mounted police and preached
twic« for t'lem. On Monday he* came to
NeJlie'H and staid till Wednesday morn-
ing. When he left for home he -.vas so
well and hearty, littlw did we think we
were bidding him good bve, lonkint; on
his smiling /ace for tHe la«t tinre. Ar-
rancemenis were made that I should meet
him in two weeks '.rom the next SHturday.
at the mounted police station, vis he would >
be there tr. preach at the appointed time.*^
Accompanied by Nellie, I went, expect
ing t<i meet him. Instead we found John
and David with others ; they had just
come from a general search for their
father. They ereeted us, I thought, with
rather a sad salutation, but it being dark,
we did not see their faces ; nothing was
said to give ns any clue that there was
anything wrong that had transpired. The
family at whosa house we stopped were
very kind. Supper being ready, weall drew
round the table. Conversation was very
dull. VVhi-u near through supper a priest'
came in, and the first words he uttered
were.spoaking to John: "Mr. McDouuall.
I am verv sorry for your misfortune."
The cMd chills ran throuah me, and look-
inu; at Nellie, I wab startled ; she m as
very pale. Turning to John, I mustered
np oonrage tn ask \« hat misfortune had
h'ippened. David spoke : " Mother we
may as well tell you drat as last, father
left John on his way to go to the tent,
io«(t his way and has not been found yet,
and this is the 9th day." You may jutlge
my feelings and Nellie's. But still there
was a ray cf hop» ; as some Sarcees were
(■am|)ed a little fu'ther north, he might lie
there ; a party was out to s«'e. In the
rtieantime we came home, John and David
to set fresh horses and a supply of pro-
vision*. All the men in the pla-ie went.
They travelled two together for three
days ; on the fourth day near noon, sig-
nals wore made, they gathered at the tent,
there to find the body of my dear husband,
A party that, were out had found it, and
brought it to his sorrowinssonn He wai
found lying as if son\ekind hand had been
there ; one hand lay on his breast, the
other a little ou the tide, his eyes and lip*

KMM

cIuBed, and a smile on his countenance,
his \%gn and feot ia the right position r<)ady
for burial ; when he lay down to die he
must have had great presence of mind.
Our comfort is we feel assured that Jesus
was with him in the trying hour. When
the corpse was bn light nome, and I was
feeling so bad, my dear son (Jeorge put
his arms around nid saying : " Mother,
don't weep, father was not aloue, the
angela of heaven were hovering over him,
waiting to take him home to be with Jesus."
We ail think he could not get lost. The
opinion of every one is that he became
F'now-blind ; some think he was taken ill;
IL i'* a mystery to all. It has been \ severe
trial to write, but dear mother, tor your
sake I have tried to do my best. I close
with dearest love to brother and sister
and yourself, in which George unite!>.

Elizabeth McDoikmll.

The following is part of a letter written
b y (rfidrge McDongaii to Dr Lachlan-Tav -
^l or. a nd receiveit »y him about* tTie riii'e
tniriiews leauht-d Toronto that the North-
West missionary was frozen to deatii : —

MORLEYVILLK, BoW RiVKR,

Rocky Mountains,
Nov. 8th, 1875.
Dear Dr. Taylor, — Strike, but hear
me. E ver j"jce_l parted wi th you ijL
(iHas^ow.' wiln tTieexceptt<y or TH?^Oia e
^ on ttie Atlantic. 1 have Lecn tjiuys -
santiV engagea . lii Montreai 1 spent a
Sabbath witn your old friend of Great St.
James, then hastened on to Kingston, only
to be there one evening ; thence to To-
ronto, where preparations had to be made
for the North VVest. Our schoolmasters
and their fiiuiiliea required no small as-
sixtance in getting ready. On reaching
Winnipeg, w« ascertained that the freight-
ers had all left, and our only resource was
^o buy up a bull-train, and drive it up to
the Rocky Mountains. In this wn
have been Nuocessful, reaching Morleyville
on the 21st of Ootolier. Since then, John

•Itnd I have viBi^;tfit Fort MuLepit ffb
^tands on the v^rv spot where the tjy h ttoi
pliice at the time ttut wrt crp.^f jjjT
around River . v>'o were "Very kiiullvre
cfiveii, boili by the oftice»'5 and tnen,
seventy in nunit>er. A wonderful change
has come over the s'^ene ; (juite a viliat(H
has sprung up, large stores, tilled with
Enulish goods, have been erected. Wo.

urpnse r»oatin g our new iviission nby ut

-„--- It of that point : tno nru-

npuct is magniiiuent, ricli land and abun-

s miles west

dance of timber. i 'eihuDa we cannot ^ \ vc
thunew MisHJoiy a better name thaiL. tl

y lltoral traiulatloti~"(>f the IndiftMiianJ e.

n'raiMtion ti-lls us that SVbnebosriyon, in
miiing over his great works, was ao de-

lighted with the prospect he beheld from
the gorge in the mountain, through which
the river flows, that he sat down and
p layed with some stoties . We were shown ^^
-4 cotlection'of rocksV some of them mure
than a ton weight, that the old man hnd
placeil in a row, and a vast pranite pile
near the opening into the plain the wonder-
ful worker hart placed there as a laonu-
ment in memory of his visit. You will
have learned fiom the papers that I was ^
commissioned by the Ottawa Government >,
to visit the Crecsand ^lain Stonies, with
the vie.w of etfecting a treaty with them
next summer.

I was three months continuously travel-*^
ling amongst these Indians. I found them
very reasonable ; with one exception, they
expressed themselves delighted with the
prospect of having a settlement with the
Government.

Bio. Manning only arri vej in *■""« *^" ^
save us from utter ruin at K t^mnnt.fm On
the very spot selected at Morleyville when ^/•
you were present, the ' ody of a chuich
now staniis erect ; and a little to the east
of that spot a mission house and a small
sohoolhouse. David and young McKenzie
have an establishment just across the little/
creek, and the H. B. Co. one ac Qjiost
River. Not far below where we crossed
the Bow River, t ha mounted polic e have,^/
a f'.irt, where there is a nne opening lor
doing good, as a large number of people
are collecting in the neighborhood. Dr.
Verey, the gentleman from whose mother
I received a letter while at 17 Gough
Square, as yon will remember, is, strange /
to say, teaching our mission school, and
takes a deep interest in the young people;
our medical friend is a valnable member
of the community. You will be glad to
learn that the alcohol trade has nearly
Bubitided. 1 learned a good deal .. <MUtthe
" roughs " that yon saw at '* Kipp " and
*• Whof.p up," during my visit to McLeod.
The Spaniard that gave you the can fruit
was killed by the German who told you he
had seen you in South America ; al-is 1
for the wicked ; more than half of the
men that you saw collected on that oo-
I'asion have passed into eternity. There
has been a great deal spoken and written ^
about t |ie mounted polin e. but the fact is, V
they have performed a grand work in this
country, and now that they have a chain
of posts located at McLeod, Bow l^ivu r.
that val ley o n the Red Doer, where vo u
Qigd at"lKeT)ull, and Fort Edmonton, the
prospect Is, Uiat security for life and pro-
perty will b« giiarantveil in the future. I
must now, I suppose, tell yon about our
plans for the winter. W^ reached hecq ^
too late to build w ^ I'lft yground Rl Ve nso ^
welleoldedl to winter at Morleyville ; my

-HMMlb^

I I,
Ml

; !

■>^

•M schoolmaater is a carpentg r ; I am, as you
^r are aware,"* piece ot one, so that we have
^ decided to &tay and help John through with
his church. John is now otf for Buffalo
meat, and I am engaged ia the erection of
a workshop. \ Ve m ust have a churc|i ;
/€ here are six humTreJ^^niesTE arTejga^d
tb»a placa.ftg.til^ hojpie. 1 vI'sitecL one of
tneir camps last week v/hfir' .hern were
four hundred and sixty. These worthy
children of the moimtain deserve en-
couragement, and I hope before the c id
^of April a snug little church will be open-
ed for their benefit.

I am sending Dr. Wood and Mr. Suther-
land a full list of all donations received
for Western missions, in which honorable
reference is made to a dear friend whose
valuable assistance was 30 freely given in
the fatherland. L hope the day is not far
distant when I shall have the pleasure of
biddiug you welcome to the new mission-
home. The road is growing shorter almost
every day ; five or six days from Toronto
to Bismarck, then up by a magnificent river
steamer to Benton, then three or iuur
days' ride by way of Sun Kiver, and the
traveller will roach I' layground ; and_t
you do not pronounce it one o f tlu
t8t_.iocation8 in'aiL che mia si
q^lftll^^ j ^realjv mistakt-u . 6ur trouble ia
the severe financial crisis in America,
which has seriously aft'ccted our fuuils,
and may cripple us in our operations for
a time. I left all the moneys collected in
the hands of the Secretaries until plana
for building, ' &c., were matured. If ^^f q
\9 spared I shall push the WQr)L m jfl

Please present my kindest regards to
our excellent hostess and her worthy
dau(^'hte^, and also the young gentlemen.
I should like to have the pleasure of
tfnd'>ring them the hospitality of one of
our prairie miBHiouR ; the bill of fare would
be a little out of the ordinary— buffalo
tongue, beaver tail and wild mutton would
be on the list. Well, laying all jokes
aside, I shall nev^er forL^ct t he four w^ j-|i;fc
wo pleAiiatitlY spent at 17 vjioutfli S(|ifai:« .
If Provic'ence permits us to get settled
down, I shall send you a long letter de-
scriptive of what I hav3 seen and heard
amongst the redmcn, and 1 also intend to
^send a letter to the Rfcoriler. expressing
grn Jtuile to our Kn^lish friends who have
ren embered these far-off missions.

I remain, reverend and dear sir,

Yoiira very respectfully.
G. MoDouoAiJi.

Tha Methodist Missionury Notices con-
tained the folloM'ing, as one among the last
letters written by the sainted missionary :

MORLEY ^ILLE, BoW RiVER,

llocky Mountains, Dec. 23rd, 1876.

I have frequently conv- rsed w^ith you
and also with other leading; members of
our Mission Board, as to tha practicability
of establishing an^ Orphan Ifoi^e for the y
destitute children l^TtKe^TMain l nte^ ^
The stringent state n^ tne money maiket,
and the changes taking place in our Church
organization, combined to make our
worthy oificials .ery cautious about em-
barking in any new scheme ; but, though
nothing formal was done, I received great
encouragement from not only membeisof
our section of the Christian Church, but
as you see by the attached list, from
Christian ladies and gentlemen both in
Great Britain and America.

In Eutjland. the lifiv- D>'. Punsh on ^

ear nestly '^ ' -'" " — ^--

had

j' ecommeiided the Urpnanag e

been a!} Iil)eity to have taken

and remained in Britain

doubt hut

and had I
his advice,

during the summer, 1 have no
that a large sum could have been obtained.
I was greatly indebted to our owp Dr .*^
'J,'ttvlQr . a gentleman who has a practieal
knowledge of the sad condition of the
western natives. The princely gifts of
dear friends both at home and in the Do-
minion are gratefully acknowledged. For
their information I would just state that
the object for which their gifts were nb

taineii will be put in
as soon as possible ;
has been aelecteJ
jlivgr. west of Knrt,

practical operation

spring wo nope lo commence tne erection /
of buildings, and at once open a school. |
Had wfl now acconiinodation for fifty \
scholars, more than that number could be I
collected from the Blackfi.et, whilo bothl .
the Crees and the Stuneys have numbers'
of little orphan s hanj^ing on to their camps.

To tlie ladies of Montreal, Kingston,
and Toronto, we tender our giatiful
acknowledgements for the clothing so
generously provided. I als} received a t
package of clothing from Mino^ing, Btrrie*'
Circuit, forwarded by John Monin, Ks(].
With the generous gift of our Kingitoo
friends I have taken the liberty of apply-
ing it to another object, and Imve Hritten
to the ladies making the explanation.

When we rcacheil Morleyville the sea-
son was far advanced, our animals, uttor^
their twelve hundied mile jou'ney, re-
(jiiiicdf rest, so we resolved to \« inter at
this pliico.

I found mv son earnestly at work on
the mission buildings, and was gratified-^
to find that a largo amount of building
material had been procured. The preasiugi^
want of the mission is the completion of
the church. For which purpoae at l«aat

:3rd, 1876.

with you

enibers of

cticability

in "tnoes!

y maiket,
ur Church
riake our
about em-
ik, though
ived great
leaibeis of
luruh, but
list, from
a both in

Piinah nii ^
•phanaur e ;
idve taken
in Britain
loubt hut
I obtained.
rowgDf.*^

practical
3n of the
/ gifte of
in the Do-
Iged. For
itate that
were ob
operation

locatiun
d
II

xt^
3 erection i
a school.

for fiffy'
' could be ,
hilo both I.

numbers*'^
!ir camps.
Kingston,

Kiatcful
ithiiii^ so
sceiveii a y
18, IJ'irrie*
ran, Esq.
Kingston
oi apply-
e written
tion.

the f>pa-
lis, after
• ney, re-'
H inter at

work on
gratified^
building
presaiog^^
lution of
at loMt

$2,000 boards, in addition to those already
collected, will be required.

The appnipriatiun for the entire mission
[premises] wms only $500.* It will require
tour times that amount for the church
alone, and the work cannot be delayed
without serious loss, as a congregation of
at least 600 natives have long a iticipated
the time when they shall worship the
•'Great Spirit" in the new house of prayer.
To employ workmen is utterly impossible,
wages being enormously high, so we have
/'resolved to do the work ourselvep, and I
have handed over to my son the clothing
so generously provided by the Kingston
ladies, requesting him to employ mixed
bloods, or Indians, or anyone willing to
saw lumber, in otdtr that the Lord's
house may be finished.

Our prospects are brightecing in this
western land. Contrasting the past with
the present we are greatly encouraged — a
spirit of peace rests upon the tribes. The
present policy of our Oovernment,if faith-
fully carried out, will without doubt be
eminently succfssfni. The Mounted l\^ -
fifi fS *'*>'€- d_9ne a good wi<rk, l ui^vvt' aJUt

iiul
iftT

.jra^e^ii^/o'r t'H"eir,serv2»^ p. but at thV same

time we would most earnestly recommend

the strictest vigilance on the part nt the

anthoritie%. The small number of whites,

amidst the overwhelming number of abori-
gines, who but a siiort time ago received

the harshest treatment at the hand-s of

the pale-face, and who saw tin ir country,

wliich to thum was a terrestrial paradise,

changed by the whiskey trailer into an in-
fernal region, these men are not going to

forget in a few short months all past

grievances. In vie* of these facts wo

have felt that a strict disuiplino was nece-i-

sary on the part of the military, and that

it would be for the good of both natives

and soldiers if there was less familiarity

between the forts and the Indian can-.j-'s.

Un the American side there is no d.inger

in this dtiec<ion ; the Imlian looks upon

the American soMier us an enemy, aftd

avoids him in every ponsibU" way ; not so

in this country— the red-coat was received

as a friend, and the wild Ulackfoot at this

hour regards him as such. To perpetuate

this friendly feeling the soldier must be

kept from too familiar intercourse with the

natives.

We are profoundly grateful for the com-
prehensive prniilaniation prohibiting the

importation of intoxicating li«iuor8 into the
*^orth West, and wo sincerely hope there

will be no moditicatiim of those laws.
/There are those in this country who have
(recommended that canteens should be
lopuned at each Port, and that under
/certain restrictions white men should be

^■^ *Au error. Over $000 have already been appropriated.

allowed the use of intoxicating drinks ;
nothing could be more disastrous to the
bext interests of this country than to al-
low the sale of intoxicating liquors at
Government establishments. . *jince last
August I have visi ted ajmo fit every Inoian

nin hHt^veen \iajj|tc.l)a and ilihe StJocty
untanm . and never missed an opportu-
iiity of conversing with the chiefs on the
subject of tempeiance, and their reply has
invariably been, '* We are grateful to the
'Great Chief ' for prohibiiing his people
from bringing fire-water into our camps.
We love the fire-water. When we see it
we want to drink it, and then all kinda of
troubles come upon us When we do not
see it we do not think about it, and we all
know we are better without it,"

An appropriate monument was erected «
to his memory in the Morley Cemetery, '
where are laid some of the iStoney Indiana
awaiting the call upon the resurrection
morn.

In the Methodist Church at Edmonton . •
Alberta, a plain memorial table: of white
marble set on black slate was placed, hav-
ing the following inscription in the £ng-
lish and Cree languages : " *Let not your''^
hearts be troubled.' In memory of Rev.
(it;orge McDougall. ' I am the Resurrec-
tif>n and the Life,' "

The Rev. Enos Langfor d. who for eight*^
yeaife- was an Indian misbionary to the
Cree Indians, in the Hudson's Bay Terri-
tory, and amid universal regret passed
away during his pastorate, in the city of
Winnipeg wrote the following pathetic
poem upim the death of George Mc-
Dougall :— ^

Cold was the night and clear the sky,
Wbila hoinewird bound, he looked on high

And avifr the btarwliich pointed out
The place he sought whore sure he thought .
To rest him for the night.

He spurs his horse but soon to find, ' ,

The heavy trains are left behind ; ' >.

HoTv qn'okly out of sight and sound I
Where now is he 7 we f>oon shall see
No traces can be found.

When to the oamp bis friends draw near—
" No traces of his footprints here ;"

"Wliat! wliere! ! can he have misaed his way
" Ha^te thee, torch, gnu, and fiuter run.''
' Call from ihe highest hills !'•

In vain they searohed, in vain they cried.
No trace wan found, no voicn replied ;

Sad WHS thai nigbr, but sadder still,
When days liad passed, and all at last.
Must count hlin with the dead.

And Is iie lost who nft bad trod
Thnne hill* and plains o'er snow and lod

lie loitl who others homeward led I
Yeu, lost is he though strange It be,
Who was himself a guide.

..I

f^ H

BeRrcli, search for the remains at least,
Of one so brave but now nt rest ;

A hero on tbe field of strife ;
Tbu Bpirit'8 sword— the written word,
He wielded as for life.

With unrelenting zeal and care,
Some R'>-avch here and others there

Nur do thflv stop till they nave TuuDd
—Tbe place of rest whore angel.4 blest-
His corpse upon the prouud

Him dangers nev*r -*eased to jield,
N'or bound'ries knew h<s mission field.

As liind, as brave, each lingering trace
On (leorge Md'ougatl's smiling face.
Of goodness beaming still.

CHAPTER XIII.

THE DEPARTED MISSIONARY.

|HEN the Stoney Indians returned
Irum their hunting expeditious in
the niuuntains, they iirst learned
of their loss. With sorrowful
hearts the chiefs with their followers
Holeuiiiiy visited the grave. Few were
their lamentations, but us they dropped
the prairie flowers of the early spring
time upon the mound, they showed. the
grief the heart experienced but whiuh the
lips could not tell. Sjme of them did not
return until the early spring, and great
was their sorrO'V of lieirt, tor they hail
trusted the depirted as their master and
friend. The news spread to the c.imps of
the Crees, Siroees, Bloods, Piegans and
Blackfeet, and many of th*) red men spake
Npftly, as they related the story of zeal
and devotion.tbe words of love and tender-
ness to which they had listened, and the
noble example wliiuh had been aiven to
them by the mm who had sacrifiJed his
life for the dwellers in the lodges.

The writer has conversed with the
^usky riders of the plains as together we
Hilt in the buffalo skin lodges, and vivid
were their reinembranoes of his acts of de-
votion and heroism. Sometimes amid the
i-oldest nights of the winters spent at
Morley messengers have come to the mis-
Bi<in house from some distant c:imp, bear-
ing the news of a sick or dying Indian,
and in a short time, the sound of the
sleigh-bells would arouse the weary occu-
pants of the mission establishments as out
into the dxrkness, and across the snow
clad prairie the laithful missionary on-
ward sped. The latter years ot his life
were full uf labour, and nt ouger was his
love and more prayerful his sp'.rit, than
in the earlier years. Friends ami foes
in saying that a good man had
They acknowledged that he had
convictions and great courage.
I^e was not faultles". His independent
■f>irit, rtrong will and optimism aroused
oppositiou, At times he stood alone as

:>,

united
fallen.

ptrong

a kind of missionary bishop, and was apt
to press his own cmivictions to the fuMit,
and this was not always satisfactory in a
church wiiose organizition was faiuded
upon the principles of detnocrac^ . He wan
faithful tf. duty, an«1 in a time of lawless-
ness fttithfulness implies true nobility of
soul.

Many testimonies have been recorded
of his worth and daring, and we would
not needlessly refer to any of these, still
it is well to heed the argument of -ilencf,
for when the censorinus fail to estHblish
their ohargts, or find nothing to complain
of it is just that notice should be taken of
these tliinus.

The following eloquent tribute to the
mesnory ofthefaithfuimissionaiy wasgiv^'n >
by the Rev. Leonard Gaett, in a public
address : —

We have not come together to-day
merely to indulge in eulo^>y. We are met
to piya deseived tribute of honcmr t(»
the mttnory of a devoted misbionary and
a truly noble ni.in. Whut^ver we may
say or leave unsiiid, the name of George
McDou^all will be written among "tlie^
few immortal names." That name is t>o
deeply engraven upon the history of the
North-West, and upon the he)ir*^s of its
aboriginal races, that the pen of the his-
torian wd) haste to do it honour, and
even the untutored Indian will hantl
down to his posterity the memory of an
honest official ; a zealous peacemaker ; an
unselfish friend ; und, above all, an heroic
minister of Jesus Chri<)t. The death of
such aman s not only a loss to the Church,
but to the country in « hioh he lived.

fitisha looking l<mi{iiigly after the flaming
equipage which bore nence the prophet of
Uoreb, from the privations of the wilder-
ness and the rage of kiuK^, cried "My
father, my father, the chariots of Israel
and the horsemen tliereof." He felt that
a prophet's undaunted messsge and all-
conquering prayer were often mightier in
the nation than her milituty forces. The
real strength ot a country does not lie in
arsenals and amn.unition, but in tbe in-
corruptible integrity and God-fearing de-
votion nf good men. The recognition of
this truth is at least implied in the fact
that from all quarters, men of every shade
of ecolesiastidl creed, and politicdl opin-
ion, have vied with each other in acknow-
le<lgemeut of the sterling worth of our
lamented brother McDougall. One way
in whioh we may honour the memory of a
good man is to mark I is virtues and learn
to imitate them. Our own thort ac-
quaintance with the deceased left upon ^
our mind thn portrait of a man of rugged
honesty, as little flattered by a favor

\ y

I was apt
:lib fioiit,
itory ia a
i fi>uui1e<l
. Hewai»
f luwlea«>-
obility of

I recorded
we would
hesf , still
uf >ileiiu«',

I eBtHblish
complain

e taken of

Lite to the
?Wii8giv«'n >

II a public

ler to-day

\ eure met
lioiiciur to

onary aud

ur we may
of tie'jige

iioiig "the^

name is t>o

tory of the

enr^a of ita
of the liia-

onour, and

will hand

niory of ait

maker ; an
. an heroic
le death of

heCtuuch,
lived.

the Hiiming
prophet of
blie wilder-
cried "My
ta of Israel
e felt that
ge and all-
nightier in
roea. The
8 not lie in
t in the ill-
fearing de-
ognition of
in the fact
very shnda
iticdl opin-
in ackiiow-
rth of our '
One way
:nory of a
and learn
ihort ao-
left upon /
of rugged
1 a favor

»B daunted by a frown. Calm and deli-
berate in hia judgment, and practical in
hia plana. With the rare gift of perceiving
an opportunity! and a atrength of purpose
resistleaa aa fate. With his whole 80ul
in hia entei prise, and mighty faith in God,
he threw hia energies against the
most appalling obstacles, n^ver dream-
ins of defeat. To him '* The primal
duties shone aloft like stars," and
eclipsed all leaser lights of policy and
self«interedt. Full of genfroud impulses
and incapable of being false to friend or
foe. We need not wonder that duch a
man succeeded in his holy calling. It
would be an unaccountable anomaly if he
should fail. We venture to hope that
some author, worthy of his subject.may be
inspired with the purpose of giving to the
public, as early ab poHsible, a faithful re
cord of the lifn and missionary labours of

/Kev. Geo. McDougall. Such a book
would be warmly welcomed in almost
every Methodist home in the Dominion.
It would ha a valuable "ddition to our
tStibbath School librarius, a blessing to our
rising ministry, and a stimulus to the
cause of misRions.

Another way in which we may honour
the •leiJiory ot' a good man, is by punhing
forward the loved work which liis dcith-
palsied hand compelled him to leave uu-
Knished. In the restleaa enterprise of his
great heart our lamented missionary
pleaded to the latest hours of his life for
the reinforcement of ol<l stations, and the
location of n^w. Like a great general
planning the conquest of thH entire cuun-
try, he judiciously selected hia position
and strove to plant his forts. On the
plains and among the mountains, by the
rude prithways of the emigrant aud in the
centres of a scanty trade. Amid the huts
of the settler, and on the hunting grounds
of the savage, he marked out the positions
which cominandt-d the wideht usefulness,
and were likely to insure the most speedy
conquebts. But his plans of labour and
thoughts of love are left to other hearts
and hands. Directly or indirectly they
are left to ours. What more beau-
tiful, or to him a more grateful tribute of
our love, than for the Methodist Church
of Canada to fulfil thQ latest nnd d<'ep-
eat purpose ot his heart, and rear on the
distant plains of the North West the

x ^'orplianajtglj for which he awakened such
'' "(l^ep aympathy on both sidep of the Atlan-
tic. The accomplishtnent of that moht
deserving object is within v reach of the
Mulhodista of this Dominion, vvithout pre-
judice to a solitary interest of the Church.
Who will direct the effort?

The memory of a good man may be
further honour«d by a tender reg<u:d aud

practical sympathy for his bereaved fa m-^
ily ; the sharers of his toils, privations
ana sorrows. No Christian hearlcv.i;id
have been unmoved at the touching ^tory
which the widow tells of her husband's
death and her heart's desolation. But for
the grace of (rod how could she end are the
picture of her faithful, heroic husband,
roaming, probably blind, over the plains ;
Caiiit, weary, and cold, alone with God,
tor days and nights together, until the
last hope of earthly home and friends died
out, aud in growing weakness he made
haste to commend his spirit to God who
gave it, and laid him down to die.

The Church has lost a devoted mission- "^
ary. The country has lost a great and
good nun. Bi^t the family has lost husband
and father in a ioue land, and juder circum-
stances more than ordinarily sad. But his
aslies willslumber as peacefully in the Val-
ley of the SaskatcliL a an as in the vaults uf
Mount Koyal. In death the providence of
God kindly shielded him from the osten-
tation of pon.poua obsequies, and in the
moving ot the resurrection he will have
the further honour of rising with the
kindred dust of the tribes for whom he
Hacrifii:ed even life itself. 'They ciiase
fn.m their labours and tneir works do
follow them.' "

The Rev. Dy- Enpch VVondt^w hoiin y
was aaHigned tlie task ot picparmg t^ s m - *^
tapte Diograpli y. But ovy'intrio pressing
duties ~ana physical disability never ac-
complishdd this purpose, said that "Mc-
Dougall was devoted to his work ; poss-
essed of strong love for souls ; absorbed m
the welfare of the Indians ; most unsel-
fish ; noble and generous ; bold and un-
tlinchiuely courageous ; has great powers
of endurance ; was firm in his friendships ;
and graphic in bis written descriptions,
and very elofjuent upon the platform.
He waa zealous and enterprising in en-
larging the work, and his plans were
geneiall. marked by good practical sense.
The officials of the Hudson Bay Company
had uhlimited confidence in him, and de-
servedly so?" J

Princiual Grant of Queen'tLUnb'erai tv ^
tra^BTTBlf oviff ITie ]f.'Tai"iiies accoiripanied by >
(ieorge McDougall. The record of the
journey waasub-^equently published under
the title "(Ja'un to Ocean." He spoke
enthusiastically of the sainted missionary
aa a man of reputation, full of ready res-
ources, thoroughly acquainted with the
country, an<l an obliging fellow traveller.
With admiration he has stood on the mis-
sionary platform aud in rapturous tones
'iharming and eloquent he has referred to
this man aa "one of our simple great onea."
Lieutenant Governor Laird employed hiii>
to carry a message to the ludiau tribes

^ „ . iwlMMWMMki

scattered throughout the valley of the Sas-
katchewaa, and in his report, he eulogises
him as one of the most devoted friends
and intelligent advisers the Indians e'/er
had. As the Stoney Indians in their
huntinji; trips called at the homes of the
settlers, oftentimes they [resented the
Bible in the Cree SylUbic Characters to
the white men to look at.and a few of them

/treasured tattered clatis tickets bearing tlie
signatures of Kundle, VVuoUey and Mc-
Duugail mementos of the days gone by,
and the ineii who have toiled so uubly in
the defence of the faith.

The Churuh to which the fallen mian-
ionary belonge 1 mourned deeply its loss,
and from maiiy pulpits the name of our
hero was reverently spoken. The mission-
ary zeal of the people was aroused as they
remembered his urgent appeals for help
all over the land.

The following Resolution was unani-
mously adopted at 'a lueetiug of the Com-
raitttic of Consultation aud Finance in
connection with the Methodist Missionary
Society.

"The Committee have heard with deep
sorrow of the unexpected and melancholy
eath of tha Kev. '"eor>re McDoiigall,
Chairman of the Saskatchewan District,
who, on the nitfl't of the 24th of Ja nui^cv.
. ^1876|- missecl his way wKen searching for
/ the encampment which they had occupied
for a few days, and perished upon the
phiins about ten miles from the -tent. Mis
frozen body was found on the fourteenth
day after he was misbed, aud is burii^d on
the Morleyville Mission-grounds. This
mysterious visitation deprives ihe Church
"' I most enterprising and devoted labour-
• who, from (he co^mmencement of his
^ listerial career, has devoted himself,
soul and body, to the Indian work, — rirst
in Ontario, then at Norway House, and
for the last years of his useful life, to the
M'andering Tribes of tne North- West
Territory. The mystery with which such
an event is shrouded is a trial to our faith:
but carries with it an a< I monition to 'ceas*j
from man, whose breath is in his nos-
trils,' — 'to work while it is day,' — and to
recn,.,'nize with simple trust and meek
8ubmi8si<'n the authority nrni wisdom uf
Him who 'doeth all things well.'

"In this sad visitation the Committee
tender to Mrs, McDougall and family
their warmest sympathy, and fervent
prayer for that consolation in this hour of
trouble which Christ alone can bestow,
and in this they are joined by many
thousands of our Israel throughout the
Provinces of the Dominion of Canada."

Sadly have we toiled since those days
of grief, but the remembrance of the

work and the life is cherished as a rare
blessing.

None have been more heroic than the
missionaries who have consecrated their
lives to the pagan tribes of the remote
lands.

Heroic have been the men who have
stood in the front, when danger threatened
their country ; but : —

•' Not less heroic they who face
All deprivations and disease,

To break to a benighted race
The Gospel of the Princf, of Peace.*

CHAPTER XIV.

THE FALLEN MANTLE.

iHERE have been many earnest
workers in the mission ield, who
have made great sacrifices for .':e
sake of the heathen, and sdldom
have their achievements been recorded for
the benefit of the Christian public ; never
have we hea^^d their liaaies mentioned up-
on a missionary platform. The wives of
the missionaries toil in solitude amid
manydisuourauementa and although I have
t>een them fading away as a leaf aud sui-
ferinu keenly through the hardships of
missionary life, I have never heard from
their lips a single murmur, but always a
determination to stand Srmly at the post
of duty and ever do the will ol God.
The lives of missionary women are seldun:
written and especially the wives of mis-
sionaries. In U\f. solitudr of the mission
house they toil when the missionaries are
absent on distant tours. Seldom does a
friendly face cheer their hearts, but from
early morn till late at night for days,
weeks, innutb.s and sometimes for years
they perform all the work at home, be-
sides teaching the women and girls to
aew aud cojk, preparing also nourishing
food for the sick and aged. The mission-
aries receive strength from the various
sceiio^ and fa';es seen in their visits from
camp to camp, and the monotony »nd
isolation of life among the heathen is com-
pensated by the study of new customs
and beliefs pa8«ing daily before the eyes
of these men who toil tor God. 'J he wo-
men do not visit the camtis a« often as
their husbands, their work compelling
them to be keepers at home. When upon
mit^sionary furlough the missionaries listen
to the plaudits of the Chi istian public,
and receive abundant encouragements,
but the women who have made many
saoriticea and sudored intenaely receive
few words of sympathy. Thsir names
are not mentioned in the pages of the mis-
sionary magazines^and they toil on unob-
servtd, heroines of the fTOSs, and uuru-

ibed as a rare

oic than the
ecrated their
>i thb remote

en who have
it threatened

•lo face

tseuse,

'ace

of Peace.'

iny earnest
n ield, who
fifes for .";e
and 8«ildoni
recorded for
bhc ; never
Qtioned up.
le wives of
itude amid
oughlhttve
af utid mii '
lardships of
■ heard f ronj
ut always a
at the pnse
*ill of God.
are seldom
ives of mis-
the mission
^naries are
lorn does a
K hut from
it for days,
IS for years
; home, be-
nd xiris to
uourishin);
le mission-
;he various
k'isits from
atony and
len isoDm-
w customs
:e the eyes
'J he wo-
18 often as
iompdling
k' hen upon
tries listen
an public,
agements,
ade many
y receivL
ir Dames
f the mis-
on unob-
and unre-

warded by men. Even the Christian
women at home seem to have forgotten
their devoted sisters, an epistle of mercy
reaching the mission houses only once a
year never niore than twice. The writer
dues not plead for unseemly adulation,
but for honest ami healthy recognition.
These Protestant Sisturs of Mercy have
toiled as nobly as the most devoted
ascetics of any country and age. They
court net praise and they do not even seek
recognition or sympathy still that does not
relieve the women at lioniu from their res-
pdiisibility in this matter. When tiic
writer laboreii among the Blood Indians,
he felt keenly at times the need of a
friendly word and sometimes it seemed
as if the worl'l was dead, or asleep. Thnt
same feeling has been experienced by
other missionaries and tiie isolation of the
mission field has whitened the locks and
furrowed the brows of some of the bravest
and noblest of the missionaries of the
Cross. In these days when many of our
Christian women are asking how they can
work for God, a brief reference to one
striking circumstance will not be out of
place. Every Christmas there arrived at
the mission hou'<e a package of beautiful
Christmas cards, one for each member of
the family, with the name of the sender,
and expressions of love and sympathy
written in the doner's handwriting. We
expectantly waited for those cards every
year, not so much because of their betiUty,
but that handwriting told a tale. Here
We«,s a lady who could find time amid the
numerous duties of a city pastorate to
write upon those cards, sending them to
the lonely mission houses scattered widely
over the Great North West. Our lips
trembled, our hearts beat fast and we
could hardly keep back the tears us we
opened the package, for it reminded us of
home, of loved ones far away, and of the
pleasant memories of the past. We were
human, and felt as others, very keenly
the separation from home and eaily
iissociations, and every token of love
and remembrance nerved us more
strongly for duty to God and the heathen.
Is it any wonder that the world seemed
empty and our hearts were filled with
sorrow when we read in the newspapers
that our Christmas friend — the wife of
the Rev. T. W. Jeffrey, of Toronto — had
passed away to the other side of life.

During the early years of missionary
work in the Saskatchewan Mrs. Mc-
Uougall lubored hard in her own sphere,
^ and many blessings cume to her as a true
reward. At Victoria she spent thirteen
months alone with her family, her hus-
band being absent. Frequent were these
periods of absence, still she trusted in

God and sought to help the women toward
a nobler life. She helil meetings, buried
the dead, attended to the sick, read i-er-
mons on the Sunday to the assembled
congregations, and ctmducted prayer
meetings. In these duties she was nobly
assisted by the mission teacher. At one
period she lool;e<l after twenty babies
when their mothers were l^ing sick with
scarlet fever. During the small pox
plague she was alone for nearly two months.
When George McDoug;.ll was absent
nearly all the work of the mission de-
volved upan his wife. Sl>e taught the
women to Unit and .seiv and (ieoryina her
eldest daughter who died of small pox,
being able to speak the Cree language
was a great help to her mother in all this
missionary work. The years spent among
the Cree Indians were full of suffering and
toil, still there have been many sensxtis of
joy, and better than everything el.-e,
there has been the consciousness of duty
done. Since the death of the Hero of the
Saskatchewan the ayed wiilow has resided
among the Stoney Indians ac Morley,
where in the declining years of her life,
she has enjoyed the presence of her sons
John and David with their wives and
families, and occasional visits from her
daughters . the north.

John McDougall went to Norway House
with his father when a boy. His early years
had been spent among theOjibway Indians
and fluently could he speak in the Indian
tongue. A short time spent at Victoria
College laid the foundation of future ex-
cellence combined with his early training
among the Indians which fitted him
specially for work on an Indian Mission
field. The transition from the Ojibway
to the Cree f^iinguage wi* so slight, — both
of these languages belonging to the Al
gonquiii s*ock, — that very soon he was
ible to speak the Cree tongue. When a
lad he accompanied his father on his long
missionary trips, acting as cook and in-
terpreter. Gradually was he initiated in-
to the work as a missionary, first as a
mission school teacher and subsequently
as an ordained missionary to the Indians.
His first wife— the daughter of the late /
Kev. 11. B. Steinhauer died suddenly
during his absence from home. He was
ordained at Winnipeg during the first
Conference held theie by Uev. Dr. Wm.
Morley Punshon. In labors abundant
and in sufferingfr oft, has he followed the
path of duty, Upon his father's death he
was elected Chairman of the Saskatch-
uwan District, a position which he has
always held. The writer first met him in y
Cobourg, Ontario, in the year 1879, and*^
when requested by him at the desire of
the Rev. Dr. Alexander Sutherland, Mis-

' ■ ' ^"J- ' ..-* '' . '' L"W '>P yfyT*^'^g!f'l !. i'^ "-M-Kv

^'^*^T»*

sionary Secretary, to become the successor

^of the Ute Geor^^e McDougall as tnission-

7ary to the Blackfuet, he consented after

much thought anl prayer, and together

we left civilized Ontario for the distant

West in June 1880. A recod of the

journey was published by Dr. Alexander

Sutherland in '"^ Summer in Praivieland."

Frequent have been our travels together

in the west, in tlie early days, but in

these latter tii;;es our paths lie in different

directions.

in March 1884 the departing snows of

/ hoary winter found the writer travelling

\/ ovei the prairie, having the Devil's Head

as a notable landmark and our desrination

the inouutain village of Morle).

The iron way running along the valley
of the Bow, awal'ened reniiniscenues of
the days that are gone, and give mdioat-
ioQS of prospective tvealth.pupulous cities,
Tu«)tic health and happincHS amid the rug-
ged gloiy and grandeur of our Canadian
Alps.

i'he setting sun shone brightly on the
snow-clad mountains as we crossed the
Ghopt River madiy rushing on to swell
the waters of ^.he Bow, and through the
deepening gloom we rode into the har-
monious settlement to enjoy the sounds of
the pleasant voices that first we h jard iu
days of yore.

A royal welcome, a pleasant chat, and
'^^we entered the church to partake of the
' intellectual repast afforded at the mis-
sionary meeting. Excellent sermons
were preached on Missionary Sunday by
^the Kev. Mr. Robertson, Presbyterian
minister of Calgary. ' Addresses on mis-
sions were delivered by the Rev. Messrs.
Robertson and the writer.

An important feature in the meeting
was t he addresjfes by the Stouey chit^s
/• and the' sinffinfy oi ine orphanage children^

l'!;hi et-Heiira- pa\ y saJA l

7 "When I look upoi

■^ rjjJBf -C | ''«i a^y "^^^d : — •'!
Ik3 here. I love to hear of w

]pon you I am happy.
I remember when we were all in heathen-
ish darkness, and now we are in a mis-
sionary meeting with three missionaries
to talk to us of the love of God. My
hi^art 16 full. I am thankful to God for
all his goodness.

am glad to
what God is
doing in saving men's soula. We Oiirjht-
to be thankful tor ail that God has done
for us. I am glad to be allowed to give
something to send the Gospt-l to thos'^
v/ho know nothing of the Saviour's lovu."'
J./hi3f Jacob saiii :— "When I look on
thes'j orphanage d^ildten, I am indeed
very happy. We have never received an
education, and we did not care mvuh
about our children being tt^iUgh'', as we
di i not see that there would bj any bene-

fit in it. But when I listen to llieir sing-
ing, and see thf^m lo(i>^ so neat and dean,
I am thankful to the missionaries, and to
all the people that help us, and to God.
Uur people are poor,but we are glad to be
able to givtt to the cause of missions, and
we give what we have with a cheerful
hea-t."

A thrill ran through the large audience
when all the Stoni^j sang, with inten^e^
(inthusiasrn, a hymn that they had learned
from the Mps of the devoted Rundle.

Over two hundred and sixty dollars /*
was subscribed at the meeting. This 'i^as
one of t^'o grandest missionary meetings
the writer ever attended.

Next day w^e visited the school under
the care of Miss McDcugall, and a feeling
of surprise took possession of us when,
n^ter examining the children thoroughly,
we became aware of the difficulties tj be
overcome and noted the success.

We conducted examinations in reading,
sf rllt'jg, geography and arithmetic, and
the results were creditable to all concern-
ed in aiding this Indian school.

In the evaning a lecture, "Might and
Rij'hi," was delivered to a very good aud- .
ience by the writer. Xhecollection take n v
up m aid of the Blood Indian Mission.
wa s e';cellent .

M'e visiteH the orphanag e, and found l'
over a dozen boys and girls, clean, neatly
dres^^ed, and happy. There was a fami-
liarity amongst the children that made
it feel like home. One little fellow was
bk ought in, a Stoney ara b. in rags
and CIth. In two hours he had pass-
ed through all the initiation ceremonies
of hair-'jutting, washing, and donning a .
suit of cloths. The change was amusing.l
and full of interest to Indians and/ ^
whites. T ^B lad wa s s ubBec^uently nam-j ^
orge McL'ea tiT
t was interesting to witness the mis-
sionary enthusiasm of the Stonies. The
day after the meeting some of them went
out amongst their friends as volunteer i
collectors. One friend returned with a^
dollar he had received from a Blackfoot
woman.

The work among the Stonoy Indians
has continued batisfact^ry, the Qrphf na|^ eS.
namdd after the Hero of the ^katchewan
has been enlarged, and a blessed future
awaits all such industrial :istitut,'oa8,
when well equipped aud properly n.'\n-
aged.

T'he mantle of Elijah has fallen upon
FUsha and wc pray that many red men
may find thrcugt/this zealous misaionary
the way uf peace.

■ I

I VJI ' LIMU

™v>t.

ir sing-
dean,
and to
to God.
d to be
ns, and
heertul

iidience

intfn^e^

learned

ie.

dollars <r

'his 'vas

luetings

1 under
feeling
3 when,
ouglily,
J8 t'j be

eading,
bic, and
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lionary

CREE HYMN

*• NB\BER, MY GOD TO THEB.

•^

Ke-se-wog-ne-man-toom,

Ke-nah-te tin ;^
Ah-ye-man-o(.k-ke-yam,

Nfc gah-we-koon ;
Ah-yeeh-wak-gah-gega,
Ne gah-se ne gah-moon,
Ke-se-wog-ne-man-toom,
Ke-nah-te-tin.

Ah-tah-pe-mooh-ta-yan,

Pah-ke-se-moog ;
Ah-tah wan-te pis kog,

Ne-pah-yah-ne ;
Ke-tah-pah-woh-te-ton,
Tah-se ne-gah mooh-yon,
Ke-se-wog-ne-man-toom,
Ke-na-te-tin.

Ah-pooh-ah kooh-se-win,

N«-bali-win ik ;
Ne-pe me-se-me-goou,

Ne-ne-yah-wik ;

Ah-yet^h-wak-ne-ta-ohak

Tuh-nas-qua-ah-mali-gao,

Ke-se-wog-ne-man-toom,

Ke-nah-te-lin.

Me-na ne booh we-nik,

Ooh te tab iiion ;
Woh-weesh ah-gooh tah,

Nah-hri-pah-yew ;
Ooh-Jesu9-ne-tiian-tooni,
Tah-ne-gdb-nioo8-tah-tan,
Ke-sewog ne-man-toom,
Ke-nuh-te tin.