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Maps, platas, charta, ate, may ba filmad at diffarant raductlon ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antlraly inoludad In ona axpoaura ara filmad baginning In tha uppar iaft hand eomar, loft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha mathod: l.as cartaa, pianclias, tabl(>iux, ate, pauvant Atra fllmto A das taux da rMuction diffArants. Lorsqua la documant aat trop grand pour itre raproduit an un aaul ciiehA, II aat f iimA i partir da i'angia aupAriaur gaucha, da gaucha A droita, at da haut an baa, an pranant la nombra d'lmagaa nAcaaaaira. Laa diagrammas suivsnts illuctrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 8 6 THE HERO OP THE SASKATCHEWAN. LIFE mOl THE OJIBWAT AMD GB6E INDIANS IN CANADA. Y4AtL^^^ JOHN IHiiBA>I> M.A., Ph.D. (KOBIN RUSTLER.) Author of " The Indians of Oanadi"— ** James Kvani, Inventor of the Syllabic System of the Cree L»|gnag«"— &o., Ac. REPRINTISD FROM THE BARRIE EXAMINER I BARRIE, ONT. i TKI BaRHIK EXAMINSR PrINTINO AHD PCBLrSHIMO HilDtlB, 1891. vasama h * ! 'i^^^ . '% %■ i«»wn«KilMI m Autb CKOllliK MrDDl'CALL, The Hero ol tkt. Saskatchiwnn. my m i i »i ia yr H HW i H — p fc^j MBHrtJB T,HE HERO OF THE SASKATCHEWAN. LIFE AMONG THE OJIBWAY Al CREE INDIANS IN CANADA. BY - JOHN MCLEAN, M.A., Ph.D. (ROBIN RUSTLER.) ? Author of "The Indiana of Catia13 W H. 1 U3 ^ ■^mp . . ^ ■ I ■'• -■ ■I 1 I 1 i h TO THE MEMORY OP TUB LATK SAMUEL SOBIESKI NELLES, D.D., LL.D., chancellor'of victoria university, MY HONOBKl) INbTKUOTOR AND FRIEND. \A and wha' Moo m^ PREFACE. lARLV in the ypar 1881 the plan of this book wab conceived, and mnterials begun to be culiccted which in the two foliowini( years were utilized in the pruparatioit uf the nmiiuscript. In 1884 tho book was laid aside unilniBhed and not until the proiieiit year was it reHUiiad. The task is now funded, some* what imperfectly, but we hope these pages will not have been written iu vain. MUUMEJAW, AsHINIBOIA, Caatda, iJrcfmhcr lOtli, 1890. JOHN McLEAN. Il i Pbbf Chav ■"-r —~'—n t i irmihliTM i l CONTENTS- rBKrAOB. Chav TKB I. Birth and Boyhood II. Youth and Kurly Manhood. III. Misaioniiry Preparation.. . IV. Alderville V. Oardin Kiver VI. Ranm Vll. Norway House 1 3 5 t 9 11 13 VIII. Mahkopotoon 17 IX. Victoria.. X. Kdmonton XI. The Black feet XII. The La»t Hunt XIII. The Departed MicHionttry . XIV. The Fallin Mantle 19 27 IS 38 44 46 t .MMMHIUMiMHMM^iMi ♦>Tlje ^ero of tlje Saskatcljewaij^ LIFE AMONG THE OJIBWAY AND CREE INDIANS, IN CANADA. BY JOHN McLEAN, M A., Ph.D. (Robin Rustleh.) CHAPTER I. BIRTH AND BOYHOOD. ASTKR missinniiries are not born .^^„every day. When a missionary r%^ji>>geniu8leHve8hi8impitti8nn heutheu- isni, aii«l tlie influence of a lender in felt in the trHnsfoi ming power exhibited in tem- poral, moral and Hpirittiai thin^^, the eyes nf the mnltitude are directed toward the h»pp> possession of principles, which de- siijiiato liiin as divinely appointed and guided in his intensely eiime'it etforts for the amelioration A hunnuiity anioniiiy annals of the nineteenth cutnry. (iKOKiiK McDodOAMi was born in the (iity of Kingston. Ont4irio, in the year 18'JO. Louring the tender years of childhor.d, fdous infliiencps were thrown aiound him n his home, whii h left a hfti' g iniprex- ■ion )ipon hi* mind, and caused him in early manhood's years to rely implicitly upon the cirn and wisdom «if a devoted mother, ^nd ultiin>«tely t4» invete the memory of the one dearest to him on earth. }Iis ftarenta were natives of Scotland, niid root them he inherited that spirit of per ■everance and self reliuiiue which was , often put to Bovore toxtN, yet alWHys c<>n- qiiereil, amid the wintry storms, and Hrduou» duties of inisKi' nary life in .Kewatiii and the Suakatuhuwau. The tempting snares in the shape of wealth that presented themse'vea before him, especially duiiog his residence in the v,*st teiritor> of the North- West, cuiised him not to swerve from the path of duty, and the polite encroachments of bigots or the during bravado of immoral frontiersmen were niuible to deprive him of the deficiut and heroic t>pirit of his valiant ancestors. In hut and hall he retained the proud mien of the Celtic race, tempered with the refining influences of the relipion of Christ. Thus, in the langU'tge of the national poet of (Scotland, he fountl expression for the language of ihe heart : "What tho' on hamely fare we dine, Wear hodden-grey, and a' that ; Cie fools their silks, and knaves their wine, A man's a man, for a' that." Iiis father was a non-commissioned ofHcer of the Koyal Navy. He performed naviil service on the lakes on our frontier, during the war from 181'2 to IMIo. When peicetui times settled once more upon the countrv, and there was no longer any nted for tlie defence afforded by the pre- serce ot the Royal Navy, his father with many others were at liberty to forsake mditary lite for that of peace and pros- perity, as farmers in the districts newly opened up. When the resources of the coiintiy were becoming more fully devel- oped, and the enterprising settlers were preparing homes for themselvef amid the torefts, the family located on the Peno- tang'iishone Road, above where the towa of Harrie is now located. The family consisted of two boys and throe girls at tiiis period. Tmo s(nis died before 'Jeorge was born. The guiding influence in the h )UBehold towat-<' religions matters mbu the presence of the pious mother animated by her piayers ard enforced Vw her exam- file. It was her loving counsel that saved ler boy when treading the slippery path of youth, and it was to her energy and CP3^n3D hoyhoo,J years, as til i ' ^""n*/ f.ese the e.„b..;o pio'ne -r t '"T^.'^"'' ""-^le n? colonists ,„ eStr^^'U;' ""' ''"^ '''^ 'jy tttmg new ind.,s,nes*' ! ^ '•«««"'-ce«, ^rt"^ after ,h. .,._ .. '*'"'■; -or. ,,f y,,,; "ame and virti „ i ? '""'sts i„ „ ," ®f h'-i d p,i(Hce. T, erf f }"^ '"*''•» ^-as to "^ «'Hs Ietrni„/t ^s ', '" '"« ^"'^^t ho,„e ,^•^77 .o -efSiVc d. rw';;'!'^' ^«^r"to •r. ...cuts With wl, . «art new farms fl,^ '^■a ma t'''r«.tsoft|,eeo|om' "«"-""u.al ,„ The towns and villa^^g 7' - -.erpri«,„, f^eit and ovficon... th^, '"aternJJ.- f that .tood in CZy^' «"hseq„ent e^it t.ed districts iaTk ', ^u'"'' *''« "ew'ly set hindrances of r j ^"^ '*^'v«''t,nr ' "^^ ,^.7o...forts''L.d't;s:^;:^ ?-''-- >e songhr i„ the ir-n? ?'"' ''^^ ha(I to .^•^"t.d the SlclZl")'- ./«"l.Mo:: p,e & 'heconversSoio;",''^"-^"' P-ti' , «t'lJ It was a Dresprt- T- *''*'"' 'le lihlx.rs t.'on and viee.'^n ^,7;*'^''' "C'-'^t te- ta' sitv fr.n .. .1. ^"'8 I here luose thn . ' '■* *"'P'e share of ciilf.. •-'' '""'"her aii !!'T^''y^''^^t.TrZ"' ";*''• '""'ha,' «""eaand caresses , ,P"r"''»y and .e '^"^.f;^-t. He^\^^^-;'"-sha>- [' poor, ai, : I'' „V « '•'i--e • f ''Vn''"r" "'"not :r''yn the conn- ^ the solitude '«fltdingivi:,„ »'y "'8 cnsti following the 'e*itin,ijority ^''is next to '"'•y pif/jeer " at lioine. It thnt ^ven ""'Zf', the 68 could not ^e finanoial P'ovisions y until the ''fc'»t as he ishment, an.l too proud of spirit to a^k forgiveuesH, he run nway from home. He Wttut to a farmer on)> ndle distant f om his home, and engaged with him for one year. During the whole of his el•ga^emeht he did nut once vinit his home, but with that magiianimitv of soul that ever charauter- ised him through life, no socmer was his year's work finished than he started to throw himself into the embiaces of his faithful frieniiii. Though only fouiteen yearn of age at this time, ho d'd not :>pend a <:ent of his wages, hut took them home when he returned, and handed at once all that he had earned tr> hi^ devoted patents. There was joy in that household over the prodigal's return. The peiiit< walk Iouk distances to obtain thcmenthi prepnration necessary for acquiring success in life. CHAPTER II. VnnTH ANJ> KAKI.T MANHOOD. j^HK absffif}* of the brave and merry youth b»d bMO keenly felt,but when ctgain the family was uniteMerof compan- ionship, that evil results would have fol- lowed, marriiiK a noble lite, had not ex- ' jplified piety, at home, counteracted this influence and pointed to a higher destiny, in praotiaing virtue and seeking truth. While the youthful spirit of Gkokok McDouoall was being agitated by the persuasive voices of good and evil, the country wns in a state of unrest, throui'li the exciting controversy on the qiiebtion ( f I he Clergy Reserve, and the cropping out of strong republican senti- ments am >ng a tew politiciitiis of that lime. In IS^3 tnel 't< Rev. UgertonRyei- 1/' son. LL. D., visiteil Englind is a delegate tr >m the conftrei.ce of the Methodist de- nommttion, in Canada, to secure union with the British Methodists. Ha carried with him a petition to the King, signed by more tli^in twenty thousand pei-eons, protesting a(;aio8t the establishment of a st.ile church in the country, and the ap- propriaticn of the Clergy Reserve lunds by H sinuledeniiininatiin much inferior iiuioer- ically than otht^r huiches then existing in (.'anaila. The demands of this petition wure delayed for ^everal yt-ars by the ciafty tactics of coine politicians in .the Upper Canada Assembly, but ultimately the rii^hts of tiuth ami justice prevailed. In 1835 this eminent minister again visited hngiand to secure a charter and funds for an institution ot learning, now well known as Victoria University. During his residence there for one year and a half, he learned that the Enf{lish people had conceived wron^ ideas concerning the loya ty of the Canidians, through the republican and revolutionary opiniona ex- pre»Bed by Messrs. John Henry Papineau and Willi )in Lyon .McKenzie. supported by their representatives in Britain. In a hunes of six letters to the Times, Dr. Ryerson ably ai«liaii people proving their loyalty to the'Biiti8hcrown,Hn'i th ir nnn-cominitttil to the sepanitixtviewsof revolutionary poli> ticians. These letto's were reprinted and widely scattered with very beneficial results 'J he rebellion 'hat followed ui Up|)er Canad.i, under the leadership of William Lyon McKenzie was speedily checked through the prompt measures taken by the 1 yid majority of the people. It was durinu the exciting times of these few J(|4ia that (JKOHOK .NicDoruAU^, theu ^iMMVyeai-H of age, joined the Ropat Forenfer^ in which he served nearly live months, receiving hisdi^chargeonMay, 12, 1838. Ke wan then r«Midiiig in the Township o> Ptos. Previous to e ilisting in the militia, he and his blotter hvd become •nembeni of a temperance society . The I - •'•I of G»,»o..'" „,''•«"•. jour..,, ,"'" met hi- "'?'"'. old ..,(li„, .J^i™^- tat'-.o in K^klS'tl a'"" ' "•' "••« »M ^"•sed hin. ro vield * T"""y "' S f.*"*"-* ^"«- them. He tn^K*" ''"*' ^'^-^ ii / - r"","«'ie8 and breafc i, - "-^ "an, ^ ot I^ana boldly au^uTe^i^'i^'P-'Ige. whir. hw fnends by sayW '• v^ P^^'-f^ 'ns of ^/Teetotal Society" a', "* b.^'-og aod pecwJ-ar temptations tf"'"'."''' "•••»-? tne . youthful anipjl /*' ""''tiry I.fe •nd too nobJe to 8«E?U^'*°"P ^o v,,-.^ "y the evi; jfenioHM ^ • r*^ «""q 'ered £««"ce, of the Hoil «„?,> '^ «"*ding j" « lacking i„ the is of''"^'-**"''-' '^e^e ty everyone in l,#:» v;"""'t'ei ar.- i..^» •^d by..hUthe°e,«ei:v 'T.**'^-' *«•« P'B ! I ,'"*<» the ocean «f n' .'*"*""chehe WM o«n„i..P!:?«';'»« Of Ihi. .„„'.. ':. *"'.■• I "hei, thev mu,, w,7 '?■' ""'"■••I at a„ .~ activity ia the re",^^ -i^:-^-" ^nnutian y-uthful disciple hid . ^^t "°"' °» tS" o' the M«„ of NHz.reth ;'rr''y"'P«thii •••«"•'• -.da. '^•^*'"»'»K to the skivattn if ';-;^n;t.r^J'--.e„.en,i„. -^n:^-;»fe«n:;'to^irj^^^^^^^ Z ^n •'"■'•>'' '" his d"! ;& •'^f'-Pb-fied ••'i' ,P' inf i„ life h.r;J 1 '®- Jhe turn. '.n„ to ,„^,fe .fj. ;'';««;»'« necessary fo/ — vMiviiiced of ail. n '**" ♦" (ioil t.. J ^^ must bid «ri,-... .","•' **" ac« ur«»V • '-"»■« afraid Tk '"'"m to tT^SVa^i;;^^,'- -^'-ed'Cth *r '"^ in^^T- "'■hetrt. «,•«,„„•;."*' terror *"K nis straiiffa i».«» "'°ther obierv. / . " '" ""eir ciiiidi,^ j "'wi ctie ;:^J:'^P'yg've^^ tXacf '*•'•'''*•<'«'>• h!„lr''- ''''■« »t«Tnd,tyo7 7'*'* *''°-« n«-^r«ve.ii„«trtes\te of K ""•'*•« bold- tlm" * f "'' "' bread J ^o ?''"'•'« aa , Theytookaorr""^^^'"-- "*•"•"«' '«".« „f.w tKftl.r/"'"*"*'' 'bored toMth«r hi«iM.«,He.ie.iref„r„i^atLi '^'^"'' *"•' / chiTii;: T"""* the ^«ndere8r«,"""'"*'>'«. •»«Kht P-irdoo and nl ' .«'"*''*'' «'« C T T'*' ""^^-e'v Pierce Th^[' *'•"''« bitfei c"»ract«ri,tic of M, IT\ P''*'"' Truly Ul ^ *»«» an,in,e„t!;e tn^V'"'*'"'"" P^ov' * feehlB man, ">«-• restrain." ' h a zeal that wam f that H-ere ,„ n th« ntu .born teaching of the f'eat ChriatLn he •oiil o» thi. '?"«h«d. and e lonely «, iffsynnathii I'iM zeal found •"^H"*"- than ;? e'viaeshavin- :^»ALi, home "^helper ij «»ivatiyn of ■e nieri'a in. 'e was found ensure sue- if-nest advo. ®*r'''P'ified Jne turn, eashed and a career of wssary for "n«e'^ and ' at an am oldhom^ existence together. ^ith the partially ^h those "">g an Stable, 0'"ie8 of Pulsory ' hitter Honest 3 elder •a»-ent« 'th hit '•ested ^«cul. I »«l| prov. »ibod )tu«| dly.. « At once he became an avaricious reiintugt8 in early years, he set aLrs ill life have oftentimes been bo very feehle, that to mortal ej es they have breii tot'l failures. Christian people have been led astray by false impressions and despised those whom Qnd h ih tthrwen. Deep> r into these naturts than men can see ha«i j^ot looked, and from the dross of life has he taken these treasures and reserved them for him- self. Tnese work) rs ate prepared by the p't ishing procttM»(>8 «>f God's provideiioe Vacancies are filled, but not.by th»-m, and new paths are opened for them, hitherti* untrodden by men. Livingstone wishelucte«i by the Rev. Thomas M-^Mullen at Barrie in 1840- 41, she became lully iinprensed that it was her duty to enifnge in dinstian labor with the people of God and nut to wait until a sufficient number of members of the Society of Fi lends should tiirm a cougre* gallon Having had instilled into her mind fcoin childhood holy principles, which beO'ime intensified by her relations with the Mnth'urin^ the«« ♦ • J 'he missionary had oA ^'*' ^'''^ buff»|l "/'I not have te«ii »i . '-'"luda (m . Hi. e«k for ITi *'""')■ 0>n\. "'' ' toe 'ltu,y„f r-ii^; :■ -^^ ".awrtorf 'nethods would 5^ *'^'"' '»*ny of whiTh Ce^lt"*? *° 'hat of t^rinT*^ *»««*»"« iiowrever, to modify h.«.i? ."'''•"• uever «tood\,p :, ""^ '"l"or traffic" ffi *''V*' •natter b„ '^'^"°'' o^ thel»di '' '^ '»« «'Pled me,."''^''''"'^ the tricks ^i" '" *!"« J-ne i„c.e„ J, ii^-'^'^y^d at'"*";; F"^d i'l pair "'^ «'"''S we"r? ""V-' "are to do right " ri ^' * continual «'*■ free froT, jh. IHUIfUTHMlH - iiinr'~iiir>irr — fut,rep|»,„ ^f '»^°l:'ed to him "w Ideas ou *'"» hi, evuer "pNnMio hi, ' rolationa witj, I'fVUndexpres. ndivilualfm ^•"'d by the ^JJvea.m., to » «nin.ll nught 'Mh, day and (^ (iod. l^"* consisted ■nKli«h «,.am. knowledge of ' Indian Ian- nis intfnse. temperance the office o/ lie strongly obstinenco y asserted "8 to throvir Tice piriy. i'iveteratn Boldly he i»8 in this ' unprin. 'o them, I at thid ce and »« tt rniilti- ^nflineh- tlie sale ersfotio. >»• made Indian > salva. ^ndalso ^1 and II hand ng of lot to piice. t and 'came inual tiont ' <>r a toiJ. ipof he ' y vi\.f lere ner the (ha cares of husiimss, the higher rpRponsihil- ities of Ills spiritual uature weighed upon his mind, demanding an nn»wer to the great quest icm of giving h's life to the work of saving the souls of iiieu. Th<) hiisbfind und wife talked the mutter over pmyerfully and earnestly and they both telt impressed that dut.v demanded that their united lives should be otTered as sacrifices for the spiritual restoration of the ^Ind^ans of mouiitam, forest and pUiin. Up- permost in their minds rose the mat- ter of education. Funds were low, the family must be supported, but an educa- tion also must be obtained To c >llpge then he determined to go. In order to secure the financial help ncceisary, he went the fallowing autumn to the fishing ^grounds at Horse Ishnd, near Mani^oulin. * Thur«^ he toiled hard and made money suf- fic^nt to enable him to go to Cobuurg, where he became a student in Victoria College. Two weeks before he returned from the fishery the first great sorrow fell ' upon the household, thai was in after years to have its cup filled to the brim. Tlie babe of the household, aged thirteen months, Moses, their third child, in the l/father's absence sfckened and died, and ^ was buried in the Newash buryi.g ■ / ground. ' The fisliing being over, preparation was made to bid adieu to commercial life and to enter on his great missionary enter- prise Before the departure of the missionary faiaily a letter of removal was piveu by the Rev. James HntchinaQH at Owen SguudT In "this he stated that for several years Mr. and Mrs. MoDougall had been " pious and faithful members of the Wesleyan Methodist Church," that brother \lo- Dousrall had " abilities which if properly cultivated and exercised will qualify him for considerable usefulness in the church of God, especially in the Indian depart- 7n.ent of it, inisr jch as he has acquired an acquaintance witL thi) Indian Ian- guags.'^ Mr and Mrs. McD>ugall went toCobourg •^ alone, leaving their eldest son, John, with / ^Mrs. Cathay, a highly respected friend, that he might attend school, and David found a h'lrr.e with his aunt. The Rev. Dr. McNabb was President of thn Uni- versity aoa during thiti year resigned that position. Whilst pursuing his studies, George McDougall paid special attention to thdde- partmeut of homi'etii-s, and sought ook- tinually to exercise his gilts in doing good. The Rev. John Bredin was minister ou the Cobourg flirouit and on the circuit plan for 1840 there were eight appoiutmenta with ii worthy ho«t of locsd prenchern amongst ^hom were Conr.»'l Vandnsen > and G'orge ivlcDr.ugull. The year 1849*^ was spent in enthuHia^tic study at the college, and such wna the success that le- sclted from his toil, that he begun hir^ career as missionary assistant to the venerable Elder Case at Alderville. The impetus given through his residence in Co- bourg enabled him chroughoiit his life to glean in his leisure moniisntH which were few through the fields of literature and derive {>rnfit and pleasure in the pursu tof know- edge. He hade adieu to the classic shndes of "Old Vic" and went forth to his woik, inspired by that same beroii* spirit that animated ohamplain and impoMed him to sav *' Tne salvation of one soul is oi more value than the conquest of an empire." CHAPTER IV. ALDKRVILLB. JN' various parts of the Province ut Ontario theie resided bands of the Mi^sisangah Inditns. War and whiskey had done much to degrade them, and many of the mosc influential men had pasted away. Their religious ideis were similar to those of other In- dians, most notably at the present time, the three tribes of the important Black- foot Confederacy. \nieiican Indian theology presented a Great Spirit, a large number of lesser di/inities, as the sun, mountains rivers and trees, sacrificial offerings to the sun, and an immortal life. There was a sensual heaven, where the Indians' love for hunting »ould be fully gratified. This heaven was different from that of the white man. As no special revelation had been made for the Indian, he concluded that the Christian religion was not for him, and that the (ireat Father had intended a different course through life and a separate heaven for the Indian and white man. Through the labors of Seth CruWord, Alvin Torey and others, many of theOjib- way Indians had been converted, amungst whom Were Peter Jones and John Sunday. Wh'n the Indi ma had become partakers of the grace of God they earnestly desired to learn the " ways of th'; white man " and enjoy the benefits of civilized life. They were therefore anxious to give up their wandering habits and settle down to agricultural pursuits. Some of the Objib- ways in the Bay of Quinte leased Grape Island and in a short time began to reap the results of their labois. The Rev. Wm. Case, the Father of In- dian iiUaions in Canada, with Peter J one* P'«ce to comfortable Ini*^7*"?* *"»« Rive «terior of these wa» mfdeTf i/P'^^ '^"d^^he \'o that the peopJeTere ^'" ""'* «'«»n ihe men w^ere ta„girt ['.if-^'P^' .-They Jearned tn^!, , """S- stands a son nTT"^ ~~ ~ — '« the door oS f ''!.°"''*'«'-t*- NoM ^ *''« Acost/e of Several ,„o„"tpr:^Ior;A'-^'^«''^'''e by the Conference hV.?i **" *"« ''eoeptio,, ;"'''sion.and sucEMterth '^"" "" *'>i" "lade upon tha venTrnkf * ."* ""Pressfons iy^- the obj:S';p'»'«^-onary that rjce,v,ng married men into r' •''«'''"^t i»er ---"'"Vpt-^t:^^ of hi.torical%ad>anrf* '"'"i*^'' »'""" t >n conneation with hi?' ^'■"'" ^'-^ studies ^cts gleaned i„ h' r'ad^'f- ^"'PorCt -n acort.„onplaceS Jorf..^ •'"'^«^' ''°»v» r^unng his residence af4K"''-/^^^''«n''«- "rnied this method pu • ^'"'""^ ^^ cr.n- «"Pgestive thoughts f^^'f • P^^«ages and reading ^gre Zu °""'' '" his general method. anrthJ 'dirr^''^^'' 4 thij " ^or His ^ork/hel '^^.j'^'ayhy.^^ moments of d^spZ et^'^C^^''"""" '" study were few hnVi ""* hours for fPare moments tn ' ? ^*« «hle in the that bre,ith« j gather •> Thn.w.k^ Je saiieStom p^t To'^'" *'•'''* '•- "^As tomed to keen a rl^ i J ^^ ^"s hccus events of thes? tJty^ °^ ^^'> important lt^r!i--y.^heTarefe^^^^^^^^ -to ^•tere3t"";rrga^'"l° ^ f ^ -^ X '"embers of the C *""«»l'y eo the A reserve -if «« i "'^^ «e'ected „ tho'^ '°"'' thousand acres '" the county of Korfr''?'''> "^ ^Inu S g«f t at the head of R c 'T't '■''"'^' »nd aj'^ ooi/t by Governmpnf j*^°ttageswere /"e Rev. VVm n "filch they »e„ taoih, ihJ^ *" «"'■ >•> on the alert to enlist ?hl ^® '*'"« ever people on behalf of th«T!,-'"P*thies of ^i^e^iZaTnlr'''^ transformed' iZ •terature oFhl^'^T''^}''' '"'^iary 'a?t8 and anecdote/'. "".^^ "tiJized the private work 'Tk •'" *•'« P»bliu a,!? Intelligence in aft'lf "' "f "..ssronj^y »» * new. dress *"„d7.Tr^^''^''«'»'er.d beauty, when enrantnl '^'^'.^'"^^"ed with them at the miSnl '^ thousands h-anl ;l "«tratio„ Lm the ItS:^ ^'''''"onaT finf. ^ speaker himself » ""''"^st "fe fcr-"-^!^onh??st-^ "ntilJh/in^rifS -^« '-'^'''""y kept "'ork compeS fw'r''r«''''''tie^s of the ^orc 8u!fo,{^i ' 11 '"«". to lav «*W. L„ * Only occ; enlargo hii period! of spent in Im hatf-breeds His woi neoMsitatei dustrial 8c the generi time was the pastoi the a.'ooui the wants teacher's i known oi mysteries Often tin.( to thf pec ' and thou uheerfall> tiood CODS As he f nf men, h after the . fastiDtJi a his spirit siifht int< knew tha as a soul- vation oJ to use t1 doing go Such by him i anoner Jcus- •ant an(I into ary tile od ry ed th •d y I Only ocouionHlIy was he permitted to [enlarge hia Indian vocabulary by short periods of study, as liis life was chiefly spent in beginninff new missions amongst hatf'breeds and Indians, His work as assistant at Alderville necessitated the supervision of the In- dustrial Hohool in Mr Case's absence, and the general affairs of the mitsion. His time was fully occupied with preachini<, the pastoral care of the Indians, lieeping the a.'oounts of the mission, attrndin^ to the wants (>i the school, exclusive of the teacher's duties and varioub other matters known only to those initiated into the mvsteries of an Indian missionary's life. Often tin.es he preached the Word: of Life to thi- people in the surrounding circuits, and though adding much to his work, cheerfully ne performed it, sustained by a gooecame fully persuad- ed that something must be done and tiiat right spetdily for the salvntioit of the people. Meetings were held and Councils called for the purpose of enlisting the support of the chief men and inculcating temperance principles among the people. Temperance louiures were given. Societies formed, youn|( and old pledged to total abstinence, and the support of Governriient otiiaials sought to mako the Indian Tem- perance movement a success. Cireat was the succe» of the enterprise, but of greater importance was the declaration of the principles of Gospel Temperance. Faith in Christ became more potent than faith in an organization or in any set of prihcipl s. Christ was revealed to them as the Saviour of the body, as well aa tlie soul, and Gospel temperance became an established fact. A monotonous life is that of the Indian upon a reserve, tending to develop a spirit of laziness and dependence. The advent of the white man destroys their former habits of living and consequently help must be given in the native transition stat?. The missionary at Garden River found many of the boys and young men growinp up in ignorance and idlene^s.a condition of atfairs tending to produce crime and materially retard the progress of missiim- ary work among the Indians. Hn longed therefore for a Manual Labor School such as had been established at Aldcrville. There was in contemplation the erection of .such NH institution at Owen Sound. George McDuugall deaired greatly that this should be full> realized. There is not the least doubt that had such an in- stitution at thai time been built and the youuK men and boys belonging to the Northern and western tribes drsifttd there, the ci/ilizing of these natives of Canada would have been mote speedily accomplished. But there was no use of repining and it was only needlessly spend- ing euergv and time to wait listlessly for such an institution, so the indefatigable missionary with the assistance of Mr.I)a>;g the school-teacher, taught the children in the school and gathered the young men in the evening for a " night school " where they were instructed. The Indians manifested a spirit of loyality to their teanhers and faithfulness to the Great Master of Life, Jesus Christ. Several of thom died rejoioins in the faith of the Gospel and these had ueen rescued from the depths of heathenish superstition and vice. Some who had listened to the truths of divine revelation and had yield- ed their hearts to Christ, were stranger.-i to the camps which the missionaries visited^ yet in the pagan camps they retained their f.iith, and in their last hours they sought not the incantations of the medi- cine men, but went home to God "washed in the hlnod of the I^mb." An Kiiglish C^huroh ticrgyman called to visit iMi> Indians at the point of death, during the cholera plague amnnir the Indi-uu around Lake Superior,foi>nd them rejoicing in the hope of immortality. Up- on enquiry he learned that several years firevious, they had li(;t(>nod to the pr«Rch- ng of the Gospel and had been baptised ■by the B«\ ■years of terl 1 A «n»"T Ithe tw^' travelUng - I a band o! 1| CO the Ca^ ahores of L. yje writes -.1 has an »tn| point, in foxwA ft , geventv-tv frcrtn P*l twenty y\ late B«^1 claiift to « these yefti body ol } fttith. anc ship ^^*l The teswj Bay Cotnf oiven in ', a -godly] aer vices, Ureases I have not! the whit persist bigoted < iheir ft» they h* b»pti«e( mised \ teachir Mor< visit U8« of 'y spend- f'ly for 'ati^ablt Jr.Da^g itiren in men in ' where frit of ^ulness ^hriat. ' faith "cued tition the 'ield- ited. '«ed hey a tf I '' "-€ "^ " M S J Ig jtjli a i ra t aCT ll 11 t>y the Rev. Thomas Hurlburt, and after [years of temptation t hey were still trust- jinfc in God, faithful even unto death. A similar circumstance has come to I light in later days throueh the* labors of ' the KttV. Silas Huncin|;aon, who while travelling over his district in 1886, found a band of Indians near Chapleau, a station on the Canadian Pacific Railway on the shores of Lake Superior, concerainf; whom he writes : "The Hudson Bay Company has an important post established nt this point, in connection with which I have found a band of Indiana, numbering seventy-two souls, who were converted froftn paganism at Michipicoton over twenty years ago under the labors of the late Rev. George McUougall. They claim to be Methodists and through all these years, although separated from the body of their tribe, they have kept their faith, and maintained their roligiuus wor- ship without the aid of a missionary. The testimony of Mr. BInck. the Hudson Day Company s oHicer, on their behalf jvas given in these words : 'These Indians are a godly people. I often attend their services, and iiud their prayers and ad- dresses fervent and intellisfnt, and they have not been corrupted oy the vices of the white men.' Persistent efforts have been made by bigoted ecclet'iastics to seduce them from their allegiance to Christ, but hitnerto they have retiated all such overtures I biptised five of their children and pro- mised to do what I could to obtain a teacher for them.'' More than thirty years previous to this visit of Mr. Huntingdon's, Guorire Mo- Dougall h id gone amongst those Inditns praauhing (Christ, and fot a time the peo- ple ' rejected the truth, but when the chief had lost two of his children, and hoard for the drut time the doctrine of the resurrection, he became iiubmissive and yielded his heart and life t#*God. Faithful all through these years have the8e\>eople remuinod to the truth, an example worthy of ^dmirition, and one destined to remain in our recollection as a notable illustration of dpvotion to the cause iif Christ. About forty miles above Sault St" WyeVeastof pfiV^^'^.^f the rJ; M^><^ l^ecl Men foui^ht .n,, , . Wye^as of P«^"* ''*»k of "th « 1639. which fhey;a*^„TdL'"';^^'«"''rie, ^^as surrounded by^sto^ewaM •**'"'>'• ^^ a chapel, mission house T.? '"'^^''^''^^J the .nissionaries and the Fr "'"L '^'''^^'^ and store houses f«t French people "^the forTTaV°*a^"S"- f^^''^ Christian Indian ceniete^f ^T'^^''' » closure well protecfce,T li ^.', '*"*^ "^n «"- a« hospital for thfi'iol "' ^^ "^^'^ <*« place f.,r travellers rr ' *"^ a resfine «' «?««'. bI;. ;^J-,„^P«" ^'« VVest co...af n.ng into it. there was a Wn "T' '"''■ r I^«i>.. where in 1649 C"T """^^ **t. rnantwereo.ptur«X.h« i"^ ""'^ ^'^'«- in the village of St T ^''"^"018. and ahout two and a /mif .r"***'""' ''istant to death. unSer he mo f' ''7 ^^-^^ P" » by their captors In ''! ^'■"•^' t°' tures, the Indian ^oy^^try^lCl iT^ !'^''' «^ his allies attacked their .n^'P'"'" «"'' |n.«..onary enthusia „ ,,are l"V''' ■ ^^''^«'« Indian canips to TeM Ih '" ''«'* the cross, and Orave .„e„ .jed f ".T^ "^^ »»'« Christ and human ho^, 1 '^^ *''« 'ove of "•"•"3 of the a."cie. t lordrof'"""'^ !''« «•«• ' natives of our Domi^ on i "tf"^'^^' ^he of Sim, — r_ ".""nion. In the County I anmze "^ "" "l"> >ii«h wiM MeeH i« u„c„u,-„ „^„„^,„_ „„ ,^^,_. ^Z!i' " "-"PP'" •» »y.tcry pro. overewe. -"""Bht. but all i,' . There „. „ ^,„,..,„^ ,^^^ ^^ blow, P»'»iea A-ith some gi«nt fevv stray skulls bones I These are the brief— „.„ rwere easier fnr to read thn stones. *^ ^ho spooohless 'PI.- a « lioup of bimta reoo,-,l._,h„ tradition. Pr;Ti^oi,"-rt^.3'':n;ir;;- jatinn to ua, i,„j '™> afo ever re- Ihe iiiiu|,t„ u... lo.v.t. "I'ioh we c.„ never I collr^r' "™"' ■•""'"» ™ th.ir / «e«W«t iniwionarv M,.l> "1; "" '"■•»■ »'l'o were t|X, ? ""'' '""" •' i^r^^ «•;£ ??^si'^^ Air?"""'-"""' "'■^' "" 13 Ihe H.*- ^r r^ed, Gftorge je "as surely f««onsofthe f nfesB that mo |«r. ant? our lrce, I of heir e«/ QO «d • hY hu tow,n8hip of Rama, on the e^ibtern shore of Lake Couchichirig, in the County of Ontario, The work had been suuce^sful, the return of membership for 1846 being one hundrod and twenty six, the largest number ever reported in the history o! the mission. The Garden River missionary, trans ferred to this new tield, entered upon his duties with enthusiasm. The iiifluence of the white men had become injurioub to the welfare of the Indians, and stringent measures had to be adopted for suppres- sing drunkenness and crime. By f Toronto to attend missionary meet- ing!), and the untr lined eloquon of the missionary won all hearts, gn tly ex- tending his influence, increasin^^ ihi mis- sionary revenue, and deepening tiie inter- est of the people in the new phase of life. The toundttiois laid among the Ojibwa>s of Kama have remaineil sound, nnd tlin successors of Mc- Dougall have been fiitliful men, who hxve sought the Indians' welfare iri>'apeo- tive of tiire.kts of censure or promises of reward. In 1S74 a vice-regal visit was ptid to tho mission atatinn, and after that period during the incumbency of the de- vo ed Thoinat WooWey, sever il notable visitors sought health and knowledge up- on the eastern shores of Lake (>oiiohich- ing. Tiio lute Senator doiin Miicdimald, ut Toront >, roctiived tlie Indian cngnoinen of Wah-sa-ge shig, which means Uiitjli' JMff, fconi tho chief men of Kama, during » viiit made to the Indians, CHAPIKK VII. NOKWAV liOliSK. N the month of ,hinc, 1K60, (teorge Moi^uUii:iU wan appointed to the far distant minsion at Norway H'Uise, iu the Hudson's Bay iurrilory, with the position of Chairman of the District, including Rossville, Ox- fonl House. Edmonton, White Fish Lake, Lac-La- Piute, and other mission stations. In those early years the au- thorities of the missionary suciet'ies be- lieved in ext<-nsive districts and missionb giving full scope for tne energy and talents of the faithful mi::sionary. A short tiir.e sufficed to make all necessary arrangements for the journey, and with a hasty fureweil, followed by the prayers and good-wishes of Christian friends, the mii'sionary and his family embarked at Colling wood on an Ameiican steam boat for Milwaukee, then by rail to La Crosse, where they engaged passage for transpor- tation lip the Mississippi to St. Paul. Hy overland route they reached the Redi^ River, and rl'icing their teat and all \ earthly pnssess-ions (m a barge, by dint of severe work, for eight days and nights at the oars, they linded at iriaj HBSiyi ■♦he^i O^ ■p»-««»>. I "1 1 iiit Miiiiiiliii»iiii .^Sii|nli ij|j|j V^ »vr" J^ the prospects at tiiat time, and so great\ ;iC^<,t.^-%^ the spirit of progress manifested by the ^ '"Xa* - settlers, that the missionary was more than delighted with what he saw, pre- dicting that "the day is not distant* when the limitless prairies which environ the banks of the Assiniboine will rank amongst the finest wheat-growing coun- tries of British North America." Leaving Winnipeg (Fort Garry) they proceeded by»^ boat to Norway House, (Governor ivlc- Tavish, ot the Hudson's Bay ('oinpany.l kindly assisting them, and after ten daysvf ' Si/.'-^ri^ journey they reached their destination. \ ___^-__ Home at last ! Alth de- sire you to establish a mission at the Fort of Lnc-La-Pluie, Little Rapids, where we wish to cultivate the soil and build our houses, where you may teach wisdom to our children, and where we may hear the Word. We are poor ; we do not wish our re- latives to throw us down , wp wish you to use all the power you have to help us, for we need help in tools, alsi clothing to cover us from the heat of the sun ; and mity our good ways go up to the sky. Signed by the Chiefs by marking their respective totems. (iABAowPN. (Buck.) WuzHiTHiiKooNCE. (Turtle.) Shinitwigwun. Gabauwitnashkuno, Speaker. Witnesses, .Ioh.n McDoKald, NioHo'. Ciiantellan, his terpreter Addiessed to Allen Salt, Wesleyan Missionary. (Beaver.) P.M. mark, In- Th* Spferh nf Paiiifauhiifwatrault, CInef Of Naumakiiun, *o Alttn Salt. WeMeynn Minitionary, Now I speak tr. you, my friend. Give me that which will be useful to my chil.l. Give me that which Ktshamunido has given you to tell. I pull you to help me. I put thnt into your head. Now I speak to ytui missionary. Help me, for the white man is coming very fxst to fill my country. You who speak the word of God, I want you to see me every time Kishamiinido brings the day. Now we will listen to each other. I desire to follow your ways, > you not the means so tliat you might let my children have »om| the mo»»f^ Uowt I see you yott. "1 Signed GeoTgl ance ^e^f before tl arousedl a short | \ng coni The favor iX good n»| the la« of the and thfj tie* tH ^ 8oi>the| never »ion rl best auspice Wis by t'*' / dRn *■ '•The have aiten libert tion, evan and n>ai' beei goO ado an( Na hi> l.i< an Bi< .A hi 3* a \ c 1 *MoI,ean'a "Jnmfit Emnii, InvtiUor of the Syllabic Synlem of thrCrei' hanyuaiff," pnires 149, 102. 154. fMoLuao's '* The tniliaiu of Canada ,"f.%ge» 3o5, M^. ...mtmrnimm l-Plufe. ph. 1857. (to look for do an yo„ |»*> RidP de- If the Port ''". where *nd bmifi wisdom ^"ay hear fi oiir re. vish you help U8^ '^hing to "0 ; and sky. iR their ^aver. J M. ' "^k, In- Jaleyan Give chil.J. > haa • nie. Help fxst the rfty tow < to roil lat »g »y n P e 15 have something to cover themselves from the muakitoes. Now my dish is stone. I wish to be as I see you. I desire to have dishes like you. If I see according to my words, I will listen to what you 8a> to me. Signed by marking his totem, Pauyadbidwawash, Chief.* George McDougall by means of temper- ance lectures and sermons, and by setting before the people an example of energy, aroused them from their lethargy and in a short time the mission Was in a flourish- ^ ing condition. The missionary was not inclined to favor the location of the mi>4sion, nlthough good men and true had toiled there, but the lack of farming landr, the prospect of the ultimate failure of the fisheries, and thi) rawness of the climate, induced him to ur^e upon the missionary authori- ^ ties the lomoval of the mission to a more I/' Southerly location. The proposedohange never took place and Norway House Mis- sion reintioit until the preseu t day, the best American Indian Mission under the auspices of the Methodist Church. Wise aud timely were the words penned by the Missionary Secretary iQ,l ^e Mis- ^ s ionaiy Repor t for 1862. relatingtoTaTfa- r dian Indi4b MiiWlAnil. The report stateis: ''The Society's Indian Misaions in Canada have long and properly obtained much attention, and elicited an unwearied liberality from all classes of the poputa- tiim, and they have been repaid with the evunueliKati tu of thousands of untutored and degraded ftagans, whose stability and niaiurity in knowledge and virtue had been wished,' aud after a short period in a goOil degree maintained. The plans adopted tor this end have been scriptural and the agency employed in the case of Native Labourers thuu>!h not always highly intellectual has in all cases been pious aud fitting, energetic and efhcicnt, and the local superinteiidency of the mis- sions has been committed to devoted ivlihisters of prudence and probity. There has been, and is, scepticism on the sub- ject of Indian conversion and consistency, and there ought to be care but not doubt. Facts show that Canadian I'agans have cast away their superstitions, received Btble truth into the mind, beoome devout wor'^hippers of (iod, lovers of Christ, and sober, induatrious.and reapecttd men, teinalea have been advanced to their right Elaoe in domestic life and many children ave received useful knowledge. There have been defections and there are uneradioafed evils to b« deplored. The guud,nevertbeIeM,has the asoendenoy *Caaadian Wesley an Methodist Report. by the grace of God, on the established missions. Considering the age and obstin- acy of fornier habits, the taecinatious of Paganism, their imperfect knowledge of the English tongue, the civil imp<.sition8 they have to hear, and the snares which some professed Christians lay for their entanglement, it is not certain that the defections among the Indians are more numerous than among the white people. It is a libel on the Author of the Gospel to avow that Christian Civilization injures a Pagan people, either numerically, physically, socially, or religiously. The Wesleyans have been the foundations had been laid among the members of the Cree Confederacy for es- tablishing very successful missions. The existence of the dee Syllabic Characters of Evann, th<3 translations of the Scrip- tures by Steinhauer and Sinclair and the faithful preaching and pastortil work of former laborers had piupared the way for George McDougall and others to carry on the work. The buccesses which followed the ministrations of these worthy men, were striking evidence of the value of the principles taught and the liberality and soundness of their schemes. George McDniigall's report for Norway ^ H91l5fi_.J(oL_JiJQl-2. was very encouraging.'' It is as follows: — Kuropean and Native oon- present pleasing indications of prosperity. At Norway House the Lord / has raised us np a band of zealous young men. Many of these are now leavinp for distant parts, and having received their spiritual nirth through the instrumentality of the love-feast, olssB and prayer meet- ings, they have beoome acquainted .vith A /■ " Both our grogtitions 16 our system, and are pledged to work for the Saviour. At Rossville, the Indiiin village, it has not been our happiness to witness especial nutpourini{8 of the Holy Spirit, but the V Lord has been most gracious.our quarterly meetings havm improved, our services have been most faithfully attended, and heathen been gathered into the fold of Christ. Our School may saf-ily be considered one of the brijjhtest spots in tins land. During the severest part ot the winter the attendance was re>{ular: upwards of -/ 30 of these interesting youth ciii read the Word of God. Our Sabbath School de- >, mands special attention : about one hun- dred ara constant in their attendance. To .^the laaios and friends at Norw^^y House we are deeply indebted for their valuable services in tliis w^ork of love. The cause of temperance has been kept betore th« public mind and a goodly number <>f l)oth whites and Indians have pledged them- selves to total abstinence. In secular matters we have made some advancement, and our church has been ^enlarged and improved: the Mission pre- mises erected by the Rev. James Evans we found in a most dilapidated condit- ion. Daring the pjist winter every available hour has been employed in col- lecting matorial fur a new house. In the village there are the marks of an improv- ing people, new houses have been erected, and new fields have been enclosed with substantial fencee. There is one subject that has sometimes oppressed us, the loss of some of our most ^^prumising young people by death: yet m tlie^e the great object of missions has been accomplished. They all died in tlve Lonl, A successful effort has been mado to in- troduce wholesome reading. A box of books received from Dr. Green was at oiii-e di>posed of, and another is daily expected. Our good people have not been unmindful of their obligatinnR bo the .Head of the Church for the Gospel. jNorway House sends you a check tor *"|£84 I6s. sterling. And Ko-svills In- jdians theirs for £ 6, 5^. Number of mem- 'hers, one hundred and sixty seven: in- crease twenty-seven. The missionary toiler p.t Oxford Hcuse had toiled during the same year with ^reat earnestness, and many tokens of success had been given. Some of the In- dians had read ttie new Testament in the Cree Syllabic ('haracters entirely through, and the study of the Divine Revelation ih Scho now llioy niio \vl\i /the Go- tliri tiln •■hf ngi Ii is I'icioue 16 had lecatne 17 /I ed it ! They also sonn learn to write and understand arithmetic readily. And some of the tribes are large and remote from the bligliting influence of civilized people. Contact with the whites at Victoria and other towns has made much evil. M-y God have mercy on them and the deluded victims of their sin ! But you ask 'what ha?e you done' ? Well I have tried to do what I could. During the past year I built a house 20x26 feet in size adjoining the Indian camp at Nanaimo. ^Inst of the work was done with my own handb : for in tiiib country we are not only tent makers but hou&e buiiiiets. It cost be- sides my own labour, cnt- Imndred and thirty dollars, thirty dollars of this amount I raised here, and I hope yet to get some more, but will probribiy be com- pelled to a^k some iuilp from you, as 1 cannot well go this waifaie at my own chiige. In this house I a'ssenibie the In- dians each Sabbath, after tiie morning service is over in the town, and preach to them. I use the (■/linook lanjiuage, and one of the Intlians renders it into A'nnninio. •<"ir8t, I pray in ICjigliaii, (all kneeling), then repeat the Li;rd'» Prayer in Nan;iimo . all repeating with me. TIihh I explain the com nandments, and selecting usuitable portion of .Scripture, preuuh to them as well as I can: after this we i«ing a vers in Chinook, and the chwing prayer is translated liy the interpreter. J he In- dians attend often in lurgi; nunii)er8, and are very serious, often deeply attinfive. Sometimes they shtd teur«, aip* nttor exuUmations of woudci' or joy at what they hear. I am very lioptfid of several of them. Tliese are fair lilo8boiii8. but what till! finish will be remains to be seen. Some fruit wv, h;ivi> had in the ics'raining »»f viec and visible reforncitioii of life. C ! lor the converting power of the Holy Spirit to lest upon them ! My heart is Hoinetiines melted to he ir MuMii jviug 8p«'!(!lies of ao've of tiiein in thoir councils. Sue'i eloq'ioiice ! Such eainestness ! O! if tliej were but eonverted, wo should littve pieieliers of ttui riglit stamp, liniea ami Siiiiilay riproduced ! I also teiieh l>.iy School when I can do so, and there arc liovv ab lut ten ^(jhoUr.H in atleii(laiioe,bnt thoy are away (inliin>', voyaging, |Tlanting and i'*e(l scenes of thnllintf inlcrfit. among t'lem -crowds of nInuMt breatnlesR lis'eiiers falling ti'ais — vhoiits of gladiiuHH — entreaties ti' come ngain —shaking hands with hundreds — but I cannot enter into all the details. SVhat i« wanted is uarzest.selfder.ying, hoiveu- baptized men and women to devote thera- se. es to this work, and a great and glor- iou.2 harvest will be gathered. I have a number of invitations from other tribes to visit them, and have promised some that I will go to th^m and tell them of the Saviour". All the su::ce88 of the Indian missions had not been told. Some of the mission- aries were extremely modest in recounting their hardships and enumerating their evidences of success. Inpartial travellers noted the tokens of pood, when compared with mission work ii other land". Mr. Boyce one of the Gleneral Secretaries of the VVesltyan Missionary Society of Great Britain, after visiting soma of the Cana- dian Indian Missions stated tliat he had seen missions in South Africa, New Zealand and various other parte of the world, and he had never witnessed such effects as had been produced among the Mative tribes of Canada through the labours of Protestant missionaries. Not the least sm-cessful of our Canadian Indian missions have been those among the Cree Indians in Kewatin and Sas- katchewan. Around the camp fires the thrilling tales of adventure have oftentimes been forgotten in the narration of the story of the wondrous love of the Christian Master of Life. The songs and stories of the olden days have been rejected for the ^ sweeter songs and truer tales of the men of faith who have done (lod's will. CHAPTER VIII. MASKEPETOON. In the year 1862. the zealous mission- ary whose life and labors we have been/' describing first met the noble and warlike chief MaHkepetoim or Broken Arm. Oftentimes the devoted servant of God had gone out upon the plains visiting the Indian camps and prnachiug to the people, the (lospel of the Crucified. Misname had been mentioned with honor by the dwellers in the lodges, who ever held in {,'aleful remembraiicu the man who lived tor their enlightmeiit and prosperity. Upon one of these visits he entered the camp of MaMUepetoon, and declared to the people the Christ as the Great Sacrifice f;»r Sin, A Story has been related ot the influence uf (jod's grace over the heart of this powerful and haughty chief. <>eori!o MuDonjiall had been preaching to the Christians and heathen in the camp of Maskepetoon, who had entertaintd him well, giving him the most dignified places ond the choicest portions of their food. The aged chief who was the head chief had mastered the CreeHyllabiooharac )r8, and when the miMlDDarv visited hiui he I i' I » '. 1 < - i 18 / was found reading the eighth chapter of Romans from a copy of the New Xeiita- ment which had been given to him by the Rev. Thomas WooUey during the winter of 1861. The aged chief listened intently to the story of the Cross, and especially to the power of forgiveness ntianifested by Christ, and this made a lasting inpression upon bis mind. Every day the old w arrior read two chapters in the New Testament in the Syllabic Characters, and earnestly he was seeking the light. The camp was moved; and as the company rode on, during the days when they were svekiug food, and also revenge, one of the subordinate chiefs went up to Ueorge McDougall and re- quested him to fall back in the rear, as they did not wish him to witness tlie suf- ferings and agonj of a young n~*an whom they weie determined to punish. Instead of falling back, the intrepid man went forward and kept close to the head chief. Maskepetoon seemed to be lost in deep meditation and his heart was evidently deeply stirred by the power of the truth. The roason for the precaution manifested by the minor chief very soon became evident' for they were approaching a band of Indians among whom was a young man who had murdered theson of Maskepetoon. Early in the spring the aged chief had sent ^is son to bring in a band of hordes from one of the valleys of the Rocky Moun- tains, where they had been left to procure good pasturage during the winter. He selected a young man to accompany his son, and to help him in the work. Thev started together and not many days afterward the young man returned, saying that as they were travelling along one of the dangerous pathways in one of the mountain passes, the son of Maskepetoon l:iosiiig his balaqce fell over a precipice and was dashed to pieces. The young man being alone could not drive the horses, and after several ineffectual at- tempts they became unmanageable, and fled, so that he was unablu to recover them. The story was indeed very plau- sible, but not long afterward the true version was given. The young man had an opportunity to sell the horses, end the temptation became so great that he slew the chief's son, hid the reward of his crime and returned to camp tn tell the tale wriich covered his ^uilt. The aged chief determined to punish the o£feuder, and in accordance with Indian law and custom, that implied death or compen- sation by means of gifts. Maskepetoon's l)and was now moving tovard a party of Indians in which the murderer had found a place. The eye oi the haughty chief flashed Are as he detected the murderer of his son, and his whole body was tremulous with emotion. Drawing his tomahawk he rode quickly toward the young man.and whilst everyone expected to see the culprit dashed to the ground,they were amazed to hear him address him as toUows: "Young man ! By the law of our camps you are doomed ^o die. 1 trusted you as a brave and honourable young man, choosing yoa above all others as the companion of my son. You betrayed your trust and shed innocent blood. You have beccne an enemy to the tribe,and your name is hated by my band ot wa.T>ors. I determined when first I should meet you to dash my tomahawk into your brains, I)ut I heard the Praying man tell the story of the love of the man called Christ, and the bock of the Great Spirit tells us tn love our enemies. That story has softened my heart, and I forgive you. But go from my presence, and never let me look upon your face again, lest I should be tempted to avenge the death of my son." JDfteutimes in the camp of Maskepetoon rffd Woolsey and George McDougail point ''^the Indians to the Lamb of God and many of thn dusky braves became devoted fol • lowers of Christ. The bongs of Zion arose on the evening air, as they gathered around the camp-fires, and with reverence they studied the word of God in the EvansV Syllabic Characters. When the missionaries visited the camps the aged chief Broken Ann and his companions gathered around them asking questionb as to the probable .departure of the buffalo and the advent of civilization. When they departed the red men longed for the return of their friends who were able by their superior knowledge to predict the probabilities of thn future. Maskepetoon oeoame a true Christian. Incessantly he studied his Cree Bible and devoted much of his time for the welfare of the Cree Confederacy. Especially did he become a peacemaker among the war- like tribes of the plains. About the year 1865. a party of Bin jkfeet went north and stole some horses from Maskepetoon's camp. He determined to enter into negotiations with the Blackfeet and if possible 9ecure his stolen horses. Accord- ingly he set out for the Blackfoot camp, accompanied by his son and a few of his followers. As they moved southward and had reached Battle River, they abcended a small hill and descried a band of Black- feet coming toward them. It was a mutual surprise, for neither party suspect- ed the preience of the other. The few Crees who were with the chief fled and hid themselves, while the Blackfeet threw aside their blankets snd rushed upon their enemies. ^^^ ga7*d in amaae of the brave c\ way with one people, w* Testament, not to rega' thought that man who be by his guardl ThD Black upon the age him to tell th he replied, tent terror* bered his U mired the fe Laying asic approached came frieni from their company tr A treaty o rejoicinK t the guidau visited Cre and Saddl tions wei return M the BlacU horses rei This t three. y« newed. secure p As he his missi met him enemy 1 were si body w horses' B'aokf* The I hundrc ti-ne t ready still r of th< after I of ng gazed in amaMment •* ^^/^e .tood in the Sf the brave «hief. There n^^ ^^.^ people, »°* J'*i^°;ed not »n^ ■**""* Fe-tament. Be "^^^f " cc. Jhev not to regard ^^^^^^ ^eat medicine upon the aged »«;j' *^*;. .. Af a«fc«p««oo«''' hU to teU them b« name ^j ^^^^ ^^^^, he replied, and *•»';"" They remem- lent terror to the»r hear^.; ^^/^v^ey ad- hered his former P'^^^.Jjhe brave chief. Spired the fearless -Frit^J ^tentions they Laying aside their hostile 'n ^^^ ^ apjroached the midanjted h^^^^^^ came fiends. The cmei » ty^er the from their h'ding P»»c J »» K^., ,^^p company travelled to «roK amid mnoh A treaty of » «*^J*'f,Ttivitie8. ^ Uno^'ga jj^^^^ -^ John, «n»J«^i'ffofSe North Saskatch- House to the bank" of *De « ^alf-breed •**" 'Itt^S Sie despondent r. camps, «?*'"".'^ .^„"*„„d nnyinsr with the p.oving the v»cu)us, and pr y j^^^^^ Sck --^Jr^nr Com^Lny liad trading ^ North la.t «Vo«t T793Vanother post/ a-Original and aWj 1793, ^^.^^ named 7°!^' ^,„ *„„<« deer, and even herds of buffalo, ano '^^j^g of the grizzly bears "'"^"'^^^riy seventy > ears Saskatchewan »^"f^S7„i,«ionary fro™ later when the Metnom ^^ ^^e Norway House visited «" ^^'^f these ^«"*N ^'^uCever^ the trading posts animals. ^^b«'•eveJ• J „o„egated at wereestablished.the inm ^^^ purposes Btated «f»«^«"°* J' &ly they made a "rlid ^tn th'e estaSUts which were seldom succesMul. Onotch. French,/ " V .mploy^s were oJ^S^^^^^^^^ ,be and English ^^^r^^'^J^h, Uv^d lives of company »» *be" & intervals of endurance, witb "bor' edited to the ple» s'ire, and »° J*^ ^ ^f the country, Lre tbickly«etOert parte o^^.^ ^^. or returned to the nonw g^^^ to spend tbe remnant of tneir^ ^^y^ ^^ of them lived freely wa ^^^^ j^om ^t to tb7«elv« J«8ky,ppy and cou- the camp, >»nd ^PP*"""' ..^jgd by the smil- tented were they """""^^f^^^^^^^^ children, ing countenances of »*" ,VJ ^ tive half- Through *"^',rorrsng up varied in it. breed P^^'f ?"Z, rSliS according to taste, and inteUectual ahUi y ^^^^^^^ the pecu iar «b^*"«^«^Sbreed8 Vcame rntrUTe^Sh:;f^-iv^»^«^*^« Kvllt of the Indmn mt«. ^^^^^,y The F«rh,^Roman CaTJoli?Church. member. ''J ^^l,fSI^S^\A\^erei to the the Scotch balf -breeds ^^^ ^^^ SifandEnglUhCb^^^^^^^^^^^ evIr^r%nVfolrowf ^^« *«*^'^"«' ed toward J« S»f *Snary sent to the the 6"\Metho(^^st »msgona^^^ ^^^^ west. He «*«"!jSd at Edmonton and year, and was stationea ^e, who hi? r "rth?dT'mis.lon at Pigeon :^.e«^iiiiiSiLttM ■rg^g^^-'"^"" 120 Lake latterly known as Woodville, which was finally abandoned owing to the hostility of the Prairie Indians. This mission renamed after the Rev. Dr Enoch Wood, father-m-Iaw of Dr. Nelles, ^^..-prCha jcellop of Vioto.ia Uiiivcrsity, was / reorganized by John McDoura ll and is f btui in operation, the location however having been changed within the past three years. . Robert Rundle was compelled to leave ^the cjuntry through injuries receivea from a horse, having labored in the west for eight years. This pioneer Methodist missionary to the Rocky Mountains is remembered in the Indian camps by the songs of Zion which he taaghc the natives to sing, and the tuuribt gazes wibh admir- ation upon Mount Rundln, us he glides al(st the preparation (/^ of the materials for the new premises. ^ The lumber was cut by hand, and the ^ timber prepared sixty miles up the river. When e vet y thing was almost completed a prairie fire consumed the material, and the workers had to begin anew. Notiiing daunted, they bravely encountered the task, aud Were successful. , Within twoyears after theestablishinent of the mission at Victoria, a church and . mission- house were erected at a cost of t-vo thousand dollars, the whole sum be- ing defrayed by personal effort and local contributions. In the summer of I86f3, George Mc- Dougall left Norway House with hislamiiy, having secured a passage with thelT^ Saskatchewan Brigade of the Hudson's Bay Company, It vaa a long journey, but undsrtaken in the interests of men's sou's, there was strength enjoyed, greater than is usually borne when the object oought is matKrial wealth. When the missionary and his family ar- rived, thpy still remained in their Indian lodtte, no huilding being ready for shelter. A house was speedily built, temporary yet durable, and the work was energetically began. The Mountain Stonier were sought out, some of whom had become devoted Christians, through the labours of /* Rundle and Woolsey, and all uf them had avowed theii attachment to the Methodist C'l rch. Blessed results followed the labours of the missionaries. The class meeting was established at Victoria, andW so effectual were the ministrations of these spiritual advisers, that in a short time, Indians, whites and half-breeds united in giving their relation of Christian experience, and s ix classes W-cre in^pec- atioii at one, ti me. "The summer was "spent , upon the prairies with tlie Indians.preach- ^ ing Christ to them. When the Indians were at home the services were very well attended. The children assembled in the day school, where they learned English rapidly, the sick 3ame to t,he mission house for medicine and food, and in all domestic and camp troubles the mission- ary and his family were the trusted advisers who were eagerly bought for counsel. Early on Sunday morning the bell sum- moned the worshippers to the house of prayer, where reverently they sat, singing the hymns in the Cree Language, reading the Bible printed in the Evm's Syllabic characters, and listening to a sermon in their native tongue. Several Roman Catholic Missions were located not far from Victoria, the m'-m-^' hers of which were chiefly French Half- % f 21 breeds. South-wesfc from Victoria is au extensive lake named Grand Lao upon the shores of which there is a Half-breed settlement and a Roman Catholic mission called St Albert. The site for this mission was selected by Archbishop Tache, and it ^'Was begun in 1861 by tne Rev. Albert Lacomb, the zealous missionary of the Order of Oblates. Subsequently the mis- sion developed until it became the See of a Bishopric with Bishop Grandin at its head. A Convent was established with several Sisters of Charity under wliose care there has been placed a large school for the children of the settlement. At Lake St Anne not far distant an- other Roman Catholic mission was estab- lished in 1844, by the Rev. Mr. Thibault. In the early history of the Victoria mission George McDougall wrote in glow- ing terms of the wonderful capabilities of lythe Saskatchewan district and his langu- * age has becoine almost prophetic in its fulfilment. In Sandford Fleming's Report of 1879, it is stated that Victoria is 1,900 feet y above the sea. The soil is a li^ht sandy black loam, not as heavy as at Bdmonton. Wheat and barley sown in May was very fine, and all garden vegetables grew luxuriantly. The locations of many of the missions were selected with care, and evinced the excellent judgment of the missionaries. Victoria was no exception to the rule, in the matter of good soil, climate and many other advantages. The literature of the period corrobor- ated the testimonies of the missionaries regarding tbe ^rouderful possibilities of the Saskatchewan Valley. Lord Mittoa aiid Dr. Cheadle in ^865. ^ublisheq^ j in accurate and luteresiing report of thjir travels through the country in the^A^ort/t- west Passage by Land. The authors were loud in their praises of the Saskatch- ewan district as an agricultural country never having seen such root crops even in England. They saw coal-beds of enor- mous thickness on the banks r f the Saska- tchewan and other riverb, and they furth- er testify that ''the climate is milder than that of the same portion of Canada which lies within the same latitudes while the soil is at least equal, if not of greater fertility." Archbishop Tache of St Boniface in his "Sketch of the Northwest of America" speaks with the tongue of an optimist about the beautiful laud of the North. Language of mine would fail to convey so perfectly the ideas of the Archbishop,who says "The coal fields which cross the dif- ferent branches of the Saskatchewan are if great soatse of wealth, and favour the •/ settlement of the valley in which nature has multiplied picturesque scenery that challenges comparison with the most re- markable of its kind in the world. 1 can understand the exclusive attachment of the children of the Saskatchewan for their native place. Having crossed the desert and having come to so great a distanc-a from civilized countries, which are oc- casionally supposed to have a monoply of good thingM, one is surprised to find in the extreme West so extensive and so beautiful a region. The Author of the universe has beeu pleased t^spiead out, by^e side of the grand and wild beauties of The Rocky Mountains, the captivatmg pleasure gr( unds of the plains of the Saskatchewan." The writer can add bis testimony to those already given, as to the abundance and excellent quality of the coal, the salubrity ot the climate, the richness of the soil, the magnificence of the rivers and the picturesqueness of the scenery. Th<:se cannot be surpassed in any part of the world. When George McDougall visited On- tario and toH to delighted audiences'''^ the story of his life and described to the few-acred farmers the beauties of the west, "Much they marvelled to hear his tales of the soil and the climate. And of the prairies, whose numberless herds were his who would take them ; Bach one thought in his heart, that he, too would go and do likewise." An interest ing event took place atJVis,- tor ia on jjeptembftr ' iU 111 l&Bj ). f n'^Bemt^-/' riage of Mr. McUougall's emest daughter toria riage of Mr. McUougall's eldest daughti to Richard Hardisty, Factor of the Hud eon's Hay ijompany. Few books have beeu written about the Saskatchewan Country in which there is not a kindly re- ference to this genial son of the »oil. He was born at Moose Factory, James Bay, alxint 1830, his father being employed in*^ the Hudson's Bay Coirpany's service, having originally belonged to the south of England. Along with two brothers he was sent to a school taught by the Rev. W. McCallum now known as St John's College, Winnipeg. At seventeen years of age he entered the Hudson's Bay Com- pany's service and was stationed at Lake Manitoba, Carleton, Prince Albert, Ed- monton, Calgary and other places of trust. The writer first met him in the spring . of 1882, ana during a few days residence < at the Company's post at Edmonton learned to love him. His extensive travels over the northern country as a Chief Factor of the Company gave him opportunities for acquiring knowledge .* i ^ Anjoyed by few, and he with that peculiar modesty which was the leading trait of his character freely impirted to saint and sinner useful knowledge out of the abun- dance which his mind possessed. Half- breeds and Indians respected him as a man of honour who was kind to all, and ever true to his word. In the camps of the Cree and Blackfool Indians he was ever held in grateful remembrance and oftentimes has the writer listened to the afied chiefs speaking of this man with admiration. He lived to become Inspec- ting Chief Factor of the Company, and a Senator of the Dominion. In the Senate Chamber he rendered emment service to J|is country, his advice bemg souglit on all questions affecting the North-west Suddealy was he lemoved from us in the fifty-ninth year of his age, through in- juries received at Broadview by being thrown from his conveyance. In the Winnipeg hospital surrounded by his wife, daughter, youngest son and numer- ous friends he quietly passed away, and the North-west lost oueof her noblest sons. Blameless he lived amongst men, doing good in unostentatious ways "His life was gentle : and Vtie elements so mixed in hi-n, that Nature might stand up and say to all the world : This was a man ! " Such a son-in-law did George McDou- gall find beside the North Saskatchewan. Mission work in the Saskatchewan Dis- "^trict rapidly ' weloped under the foster- ing care of the x'H airman. New iniasiDns 'were being formed and improvements made in old ones. A mission was begun at Pigeon Lake, named Woodville after Rev. Enoch Wood, D..0., Missionary Secretary, which^j^vas manned by .)[ohft ^MfiDougall, son'^f ffie hero c' the Sas- / ^atchewan. Indian schools were estab- lished in connection with the missions' two being at this time very successful, at Whitefish Lake under E. fi. Steinhauer, and at Victoria. In the regions beyond, the missionaries had bravely toiled and now they looked Eastward to witness the tide of civilization advancing rapidly toward the Red River t^alley, and anxiously did they request help from Ontario. The appeals for men and money, though pressing failed to secure prompt answers, and George Mc- Dougall leaving his home in the far west, proceeded East-vard where his native eloquence thrilled the hearts of thousands in Ontario and Quebec. During the winter of 1867-8 the Metho- dist Church acceded to the urgent request of the missionary and decided to begin /work amongst the white settlers of the R«d River District. In May 1868, George Mo Dougall left Ontario with a band of devotea missionaries and teachers for Manitoba and the North-west. This was the day of small things, but it was the beginning ot an era of prosperity. This goodly band of men consisted of Rev. George Youfl g, E. R. Young, Peter Uampoell, 17a Snyder and his brother. George Young began his work in the Red River Settlement, on Notre Dame street, Fort Garry. He was in labours abundant, his mission extending more than one hun- dred and twenty miles along the Assini- boine and Red Rivers. The first Methp - dist^ class was organized at Highjb lutf jn I5ecemberr li{B I£"'i'he tirst Methodist churches in the Red River Settlements were built at Poplar Point and High Bluff by the Rev. Matthew Robison who came to Manitoba in 1869, as assistant to Rev George Young;. The name of Dr. George Young is preo • K ious to the Methodists of Manitoba, for it was he who laid su effectively the foun- dations of the Church during his eight years residence in the country. E. R. Young went to Norway House y where he toiled earnestly among the Cree Indians, spending eight years among ^hem in that Northern Und. Peter Campbell and the Snyder brothers travelled westward to the Saskatchewan, under the guidance of George McDougall, the former to preach to the half-breeds and Indians, and the latter to teach the Indian children. During this year the trading post fam- ous in the history of the Blackfoot Indians, was built. Fort Whoop-Up; was erected at a cost ot ten thousand dollars by Ham- ilton and Healy, at the junction ot ;he St Mary and Belly Rivers, seven mile. st of the present town of Lethbridge, The massive stockade has been the scene of several contests, and rough days and nights some of the old timers have ex- perienced in the vicinity of the fort. The old bell still peals forth its call to dinner and the old cannon lies there, but it is harmless, its days of warfare are at an end. Oftentimes has the writer sought food and rest within the old stockade and dreamed of the stirring times when buffalo roamed the prairies in thousands and the redskins were masters of the plains, but all this is changed. No longer do the dwellers in the Southern Lodges scour the plains, on savage conquest bent, but with downcast mien and faltering step they walk a conquered race despised and forsaken. One year later the Hudson's Bay Com- pany sold their title to the North-weat, to the Dominion Government. '-/ Mtfta 23 iour but cep tad Matters did not always run smoothly among the Indians, for Indian raids were frequent, and the Blackfeet hated inten- sely the Creus and Stonies. The Blackfeet prowled around Victoria, and • threatened to invade the post, but super- stitious dread prevented them from com- mitting any depredations. In the winter of 18G9, came the Riel /•Rebellion with its numerous injurious ' consequences, disastrous alike to whites, half-breeds and Indians. The muitial spirit of the Methodiet patriot was arous- ed as he himrd the mutteriiigs of discon- tent in the Saskatchewan and at last learned that there was opeu rebellitm in the Red River Settlement. Anxious for the safety of the missionary families he started for Fort U any to ensure the siufe arrival of supplies for the year, and obtain if possible military protection in the west. The following letters will reveal the state of matters during this period : — Victoria Mission, April 5th, 1870. [ often find my mind wandering across the now troubled plains to favored peaceful Canada ; and thougb I cannot complam of a spirit of repining, yet tliere is much in our experience exceedingly trying to flesh and blood. In the past winter we have had t o live on flesh and pemniican ; and though the young folks enjoy good health, I can clearly see the effect is quite otherwise with Mrs. McDongall. At present wo are making strenuous ifforts to put in », crop. Seed has been carted from lied Kivcr and otherplaces. Provideitce has favored us with plenty of snow, and if spired till next full wo hope to rejoice once more over potatoes and barley cake. On this Mission the good wuik is deepening and widening, and there js a constant ingatberirg. We have bad no especial outpouring of the Holy Spirit, but the word is heard with deep interest, ^nd our prayer and c]asB>meetingH are well /Attended ; our average congregation, when the hunters are on tno plains, numbers t when from two to three hundred attacked ' the fort and fired four or five hundred shots at U8. We have a population of k 24 wint Beven hundred French half breed families and we know not when these might rise. Priests and Fenianb have disfcarbed Uie minds of the Crees. John-hag jj^Bpt aharj^ ''fr'" ffl^fl"^ ft"^TnnH mucHtrrremove bad impressions. I r^ViBtociEi ; bat I oannot lescnbe my feelings when £ think cf my jiamily. I witshed my wife to come with Inie, but she felt it her dnty to remain at the JMission. I mast now tell rou why I visited Bed River last soring. We received a letter firym Gov. MoTavisb. stating that the Company's outfit for the S^iskatihewan woulcf be all dostroydd, and the northern districts must look out for themselves ; this was telling twenty thousand ha I f-breods and Indians that thjy must starve. Oive no ball and powder, and death by thousands must be the consequence A council cvas held at Edmoulon, and the priests ttalled upon to declare their intaations. They were informed that ir, was our determina- tion, come what would, not to take the oath praf. ibed bj Uiai and his rutfianj. For the eake of th^se people tbey agrted ti> join us, and thtt Mr. Ohrjstio, a prieHt, and Vtayself should load a party f) Port Benton, » and try and prosura ammunition ; and .SOO if!> <•■ and 100 armed men w«ro t > start Mav !?: L Five d tys after our meeting, a letter r^a' aod u* 'Announcing that the Company ,. h 1 compromised wifh Riel, and a Britisn y Si viect might, if very civil, come to Winm- pe;.,. Uoping the Gjvernmont would be estab'.uhed, and ciitain thvt if something wa*? noi doao war and disstitut ion were be- forj UH, I acaompaaiod an H. R. Company's ofttccr, w'th theditormi.iation, if potiiiiblp, to accjmi)lish two objoots. First : the / appointiue.a of 100 soldiers t> Port Ed- V moutoii. \\«i hAve many loyal people, but -no oj,ni)inciired here. We learn that Mr. Saiifor.1 is forwarding them all right, if tbey gel iu in time for the carts. Our schools Hre all we can ex|)eot : well attended snd well taught, but vary short of books. / From Bishop McOray T purchased $40 worth - 'bis is verv fortuna' , Ana Hero let »no .»: tor my l)rethron, that until the country is in a settled state, there car bft no regular correspondence with ti.P iJoard. We appointed our District Btt«ti*!ng for April aSth, but such was the state of the country we had to defer. And If the Government does not send us protec- -— 'tion I know not what we shall do. My orinion as tu the Blaokfeot is, that, out off by the United States and also by the Com- pany, they will loon come to terms, and we stand readj to improve the first opportunity. The Crees, ho far, are (|uiet ; but by all means allow John to remain with them for the prexout. Our trouble is, that moct of the French half-breeds will run for the Saskatchewan when the troops arrive- many are going now. How much Popery wouldJiKe to frighten us out of the conntry! Thank the Lord, our Mission was never more prosperous. Bed Biveb, Jane 19tb. j The Fenian flag in still up. Last week' they lo\fered it half matt when they received > the news from Canada. Priest Uichof^ arrived on Friday, when a salute was fired. \ There is still a guard between here and Peiibina turninsr buck Cauadian<<. Yesterday, after Fervice, I was notified that I was reported as having prayed for the soldiers. ^^ esteeni by~thel_o^a l. Churchmen have said ^ to me again and again, when our clergy coun8ell"d subniittsiou to the tryant, "Mr. Young stood by the old flag, and by every means assisted the loyalists." Before George McDougall retained to Victoria, the dreadful plugue of small pox ^___^ came from the .South, devastating whole cimps of Blaukfeui, and entered the lodges of the Crees. Ueligious aervicet* were dispensed with for a time, for many If y dying and many were dead. In the midst of the trouble the missionary ar- rived from Fort Garry to witness heart > rending scenes. The summer of 1870 was \^ one of greit sorrow, but as the winter l>e- gtin t'le diiiease abated and the hop«s of the peopln became bright. Alas ! they were soon to he doomed to disappointment, tor the fell destroyer returned with renew- ed strength, breathing the foul air and scattering the iomatos of the lodges, "Blown by the blast of tate, like a dead leaf over the desert." Those were sad days. Three hundred di'id at 8t Albert. Hundred* of the Mountain Stonies perished, the Blaokfeet fled in dismay leaving many of their un- buried, and the Cress wtuod and liulplesg as hundreds oi their kith and kin went down the valley of the shadow of death. \V. H. (iladstone an old employee of the Hudson Bay Company, and a tru-a friend of the missionaries, told the writer that he passed i>y the Harcee camp at the Manas river where there were one hun- dred lodges left standing and all were deserted. There were not less than ten^ dead persons in every lodge. .]ollinMo-\ bougall was laid low, liiiLceoov^uSlfarE^r aTf satis- faction which he has felt, nor is he able to de-ciibe the emotions vt Inch maJcDougall fiiniily, and tiuring this peiiud he learned the Cree l»n;(UHge. studied the manners and cnstoais of tiie Cree Indians and obtained much information relating to the country, ami missionary life in the great lone land. He returned tu Ontario and shuitly after his return wan led to trust in Cliiistas his Saviour His soul burned with b.ve for others, and he long- ad to work for God. Naturally his soul yearned for the nalvation of the Creo In- dians in the valleys if the SasknteheA'an. Aft<-r prayer and consultation it was decid- ed to send him as assistant to Rev. .John McDougall. Starting upon his journey, he arrived safely at Wiiinipeg,secured the necessary cnnveyant' and outht and pukh- ed on toward tlie Saskaichewan. He joined a company of police and travelled with thum, but subsequently had » half breed as a companion. After p'issing Port I'itt and not far from (/arlton they camped together. Karly in the morning his com- panion left to catch the horse't which w dr^ left to graxe upon the prairie and had wandereii away. When he returned, Ruooh Wood Skinner lay dead, his gun having aooidenlally been diaoharged, m b« tm\tm m 26 '\\ ^ raised it, its contents entered hiH body- He w&s^ t aken to thfc E nglish ChuycJ|> t/ i^^^siS^^J^I^J^^.Mi^SSt^^^'^^^^^ was I i 7 laid to res "Never again to awaken. To the Conqueror's awful tread, Ha passed aloue and forsaken, It. the t'choless laud of the dead. Did he hear the soft, suft whic per, E'er the star of his life bank down, That the Master was needing a jewel, To gleam in his holy crown. Out on the lonely prairie Pillowing the martyr's head. He lay while the stars gleamed softly, On the upturned face of the de:td. For he died as the hero dieth, On the crim8uned,the blood 8tnin«d sod, But he lives in the quenchless f>pleudor, In that city, the city of God.'' Several notable conversions took place among the Indians, during these years, one of these being that of a Cree chi«f .named Little fi(iuirreL This chief had been a famous 'conjuror who prayed and heat upon hh torn tout to drive the buffalo into the buflalo pound. Several times had he couver!ff,thy o'^iiaf of the Vybite- /" 27 his his He Ic- to his I the Rev. H. B. Steinhauer. Pa kan is a J tall fine lookipg man, with the dignitieiJ' ^ Dearing of aii IJtaiaircTlTSI, and withall is an elcquent speaker. It will ba remem- bered that during the rebellion ot 1885,he was approached by some of Big Bear's Indians, and one of them becoming in- solent and rebellious was slain bj Pakiin. After the rebellion was over, he was ad- mired for his loyalty. He visited some of the principal towns and cities of On- tario along with two other Indians unde|^ ,-ythe guidance of the Rev. John M5p9Pg*i'- After taling a ride on ihe street cars through Toronto, he was asked what im- t>ressions were being made on his mind >y his visit, hu replied : '* It has opened the eyes of my mind. I had some thought before I lefc home that this would be the case. My strong desire was that my mind should be enlightened, and that I might be made to nnderdtand many things of which I was in darkness. I have been delighted to witness the power and wonderful working of the white man. Of course I feel that it is Christianity which has made this possible to the white man. and this is what I want for myself and my rtiople. I am bewildered with the ride took to-night, and I do not know what to say." When attending a public meet- yfUig in the City of Winnipeg, he give au / interesting address as foUowp- — "As nearly as I can iMam I am now forty-six years of age, thereforb I date be- yond the incoming of the tirut mioaionary: yiilnd even after he cnmo,l was distnnt from him and only heard ^y rumor of his hiv- ing come. Thcrcf'trc, I saw ntuch evil : I was with my people, far away in heathen- ism, and in evervtiiing that wa^^ wrong. Lit-jr the miiisionary reiich«d our samp, and a change beuan to be apparent : and hyp and bye, thout^h wild and stubborn and wicked, the change affected mo. .lesus Christ touched my heart, and I aNo em- braced his religion : and I have made him my chief from thitd»y unto this. I owe a^reat debt to my old missionacy who re- yoently left us, Mr. Steinhauer : he and V other missionaries have done me great goop his law, as I havB embraood the law of the God he worships I ■hall Dot go with you nor shall any of my people. My people want to improve : I feel we have improved wonderonsly. We want to be like the white people And make progress in civilization, and ?hat whif^h shall be everlasting in its benefit. As T feel that you are my friends iu listen- ing to me as I speak and in welcor^ing me as I come before you, T ask you still to be my friends that not my band only, but my whole nation may rise in the ccale of civilization and Christianity." All the years spent at Victoria were filled with useful labor, and the mission-"^ ary was enabled to look back with joy upon the toils, trials and triumphs ri those stirring days on the banks of the Saskatchewan. CHAPrEll X. EDMONTON. jWO hundred and twenty five miles g north of Calgary, stands the town of Edmonton m one of the finest wheat growing regions of the whole Isoatamls a ['