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Ilxustkatbd. ^ inform more i dimens omittii unimp< Inc te«n of througl for any and thi from i\ in itali though ness e\ the rel places 8eIeoti< disting pitioiis Th« selecte howev( idea of soener' Mu up to facts it omissic thorouj or sugj Apple- New\ M., r { cor., oor '? ' (" !l i» )a o X u. T BD. BD. PREFACE. Thk main ubjuet thai Iihh been kept in view in the preparation of this " Hand-Book of Ambbican Citibs " has been to combine fuliuesB and pre- cision of information with the utmost attainable economy of space ; and to present tlie information in such a manner as to secure the greatest possible facility of consultation. Travelers vho are accustomed to the profuseness and diifuseness of the ordinary guide-books may feel some natural distrust of a book which proposes to cover so wide a field in so small a compass ; but it is believed that practical trial will convince all who make it that the present work contains a larger amount and greater variety of that kind of information which is really useful to the tourist and sight-seer than many more voluminous and pretentious works. Its comparative smallness of dimension and consequent economy of price have been secured, not by omitting material facts, but by studiously excluding all superfluous and unimportant matter, and by a rigid condensation of style. In order to make the book easy to consult at a moment's notice, a sys- tem of classification has been adopted, intelligible at a glance and uniform throughout the volume. It will be seen at once that the field of search for any particular structure or place of interest is thus greatly narrowed; and the quest is further facilitated by distinguishing the object described from the description of it and from the rest of the text, by putting it either in italics or in blaek letters. No mention is made of anything which is not thought worth the traveler's attention ; but there are degrees of attractive- ness even among noteworthy things, and this it is attempted to indicate by the relative typographical prominence accorded them. The objects and places whose names are printed in blaok letters are thus a selection from a selection ; or, to put it dogmatically, they indicate what must be seen as distinguished from what may be seen when time and disposition are pro- pitious. The illustrations follow the general line of the text, and have been selected with an eye rather to utility than to ornament. It is believed, however, that, as a whole, they will aflbrd an adequate and trustworthy idea of American city architecture, and, in a lesser degree, of American scenery and engineering achievements. Much care nas been taken to make the Hand-Book accurate and fiilly date in its information ; but in dealing with so many and diverse facts it is probable that some errors have crept in, and that there are some omissions. The book will be kept standing in type and subjected to a thorough annual revision, and the editor will be grateful for any corrections or suggestions. Communications should be addressed to the Editob of AppLBTONs' Hand-Book OF Ambrican Citirs, care of D. Appleton & Co., New York. :X ABBREVIATIONS. M., mile or miles ; aq. m., square mileH ; ft., foot or feet ; hrs., hours ; r., right ; I., left ; «or., corner ; St, street ; Sta., streets ; Ave., avenue ; N., north ; S., south ; K., east ; W., weat. CONTENTS. TAQU Pmvaok .....:t ill Hum TO TRAVKLiRa rill Cnm: New York 5 Brooklyn ^ 80 Philadelphia 88 Baltimore 8S Wanhington 40 68 50 57 «0 Albany . . . . Roohester. . Bulhlo Boston . . . . , New Haren. Hartford . . . Providence . 70 78 74 PItUburg 77 Allegheny City 7» Detroit 80 OleTeland 84 Columbus, Ohio 87 Chicago 89 Milwaukee 96 €lncinnati 101 Louisville 107 St. Louis 110 flan Francisco 181 WchmoiKl 187 Charleston 181 Savannah 186 Mobile 187 New Orleans 189 Montreal 146 Quebec 148 Ottawa 168 Toronto 164 Itovns or Tbatil: New York to Philadelphia 28 Philadelphia to Baltimore 86 Baltimore to Washington 40 New York to Albany 61 Albany to Rochester and Buffalo 66 New York to Boston 69 New York to New Haven 70 New Haven to Hartford 79 CONTENTa Hi Till so 98 80 40 SS OA 67 60 70 72 74 77 70 80 84 87 80 06 101 107 110 181 127 181 186 187 180 146 148 162 164 28 86 40 61 66 60 70 . 78 New HkTen to Pro»ldence '* Philadelphia to Plituburg 7» Kew Yori( to Chicago : RouU /., iiiit New York Central k IliiJuon River R. R., and Oreat Weitern and Michigan Central RAllwityn Rout* IT., via Erie and Lake Hhore & Mlihignn Hoiithem Railwayn Route III, via " i'an-llanJle Route " Routt IV., ma" Allentown Line" Chicago to Milwaukee New York to Cincinnati : Roul* I., via Erie and Atlantic b Great Westerii Hailw iv» Routt II., via " Pan-Handlo Route" Baltimore to Oinclnnati Clndni. . to Louisville Chicago to St. Loui« Chicago to Omfxha Omaha to San Francisco Washington to Richmond Richmond to CiHrlcston « Charleston to Havannali Savannah to Mobile ■ Mobile) to New Orleans Mam: ""■■.-;,...■ .'■.-;•• i^i-'W Railway Map of the Northern and Western Stetei, Railway^Map of the Southern States.' Mao of the Pacific Railroad. . ', .- > , iNniex 18© 80 82 BA 88 06 07 08 08 10ft 110 116 117 12ft 180 184 187 18» A. ,^' iii!^ jffl^!yjyiJ| i iy i )Jipy ifiii HiMP HINTS TO TRAVELERS. Railway-fabeb, hotel-cliargee, etc., are, in most, instances, given in the body of the Hand-Book, but a word or two may prove useful at tli<> outset. The cost of traveling by rail in America is from two to three cents per mile, in the Middle and Eastern States; it is somewhat higher South and West. Children under twelve years of age are generally charged half-price; those under five are Sassed free. Sleeping- coaches are run on all through-trains; from |2 to |3 per ay (of 24 hours), in addition to the regular fare, is usually charged for them. The average speed on express trains is 80 miles an hour. Travel on steamboats is somewhat less expensive and less expeditious than by rail. The charge at first-class hotels throughout the United States is from $4 to $4.50 a day. though good accommodations may be had at houses of the second class ($2.60 to |3.o0 a day). A reduction is usually made on board by the week. The cost of mealis while traveling may be estimated at from $2 to $3 per day. The best hotels in the various cities are designate,' in their proper places in the body of il.o Hand- book ; they are named in what the editor believes to be the order of their luerit. Travelers from abroad will understand that the present currency iu the United States, with the exception of California, consists of U. S. Treasury notes (called "greenbacks") and National Bank bills. All prices are understood to be in this paper, v.hich is now at a discount for gold of from 12 to 15 per cent. In Califor- nia, gold and silver only are used. In Canada the currency is coin, or notes of the local banks, which are at par. It is the custom in America to deliver baggage to a person known as the bag- gage-master, who will give in return f " check " for every piece, on presentation of which the baggage is delivered. Baggage may be checked ovei long routes in this way, and the traveler, no matter how many times he changes cars or vehicles, has no concern about it. The companies are responsible if the baggage should be injured or lost, the check being evidence of delivery into their hands. The traveler should first procure his ticket at the ticket-office, and then, proceeding to the baggage-car, or proper station of the baggage-master, have his trunks checked. Arriving at his destination, tlie check may be handed to the hotel-porter, always in waiting, who will procure the various articles and have them sent to the hoteh It is not necessary to fee porters and waiters in the United States, as it is in Europe, but the practice has some slight and irregular observance. The traveler is free to do as he pleases in the matter. In all large cities there are omnibuses at the station on the arrival of every train, wh il\ connect directly with the princiitnl hotels. A small charge is made for this ' inveyance. As r ^ards outfit, it is important for the traveler that he should be dressed w:!,h sufficieni warmth. Our American climate is very changeable, and the traveler had better suflTer at noonday from too much clothing than expose himself at night, in storms, or to sudden changes of temperature, with too little. One should wear woolen underclothing, both summer and winter, and always have a shawl or extra wrapj . r of some kind at hand. 1.1 *^* In addition to the Hand-Book of Cities, the tr.ivclei" will need a copy of Appletons' Railway Guide, published semi-monthly, with time-tables corrected to date ; price, twenty-five cents. It* mm «■ fiven in tho body of set. e cents p^r mile, in d West. Children hose under five are from $2 to |3 per ged for them. The 1 on steamboats is is from $4 to |4.60 second class (|2.60 veek. The cost of y. The banorama of harbor and city is rapidly unfolded. To the 1. is Bedloe't I»la>id, a mere bank holding a fort ; another island fort (Ellis's Island) stands still farther toward the Jersey shore; and to the r. is Governor's Island, with old Fort CoIib- bu. Directly ahead, the city opens majestically to the view, with Brooklyn on the r., and Jersey City on the 1. The authentic iiistory of New York begins with the visit of Ilendrick Hudson, an Englishman in the service of the Dutch East India Company, who arrived \t the site of the present city, Sept. 3, 1609. He afterward ascended the river as far as the site of Albany, and claimed the land by fight of discovery as an appanage of Holland. In 1614 a Dutch colony came over and began a settlement. At the close of that year the future metropolis consisted of a small fort (on the site of the present Bowling Green) and four houses, and was known as New Amsterdam. As late as 1648 it contained Ix.it 1,000 inhabitants. In 1664 it was surrendered to the British, and, passing into the hands of the Duke of York, was thenceforward called New York. In 1667 the city contained 384 houses. In 1700 the population had in- creased to about 6,000. In 1696 Trinity Church was founded. In 1711 a slave- market was established in Wall Street; tnd in 1725 the Neic York Gazette was started. The American army under Wasnington occupied the city in 1776; but M|i after the battles of Long Island and Harlem Heights, it was captured by the British 1 1 forces, and remained their head(|uarters for 7 years. The British troops evacuated IBb the city Nov. 25, 1788. Within ten years after the War of Independence, New York had doubled its population. In 1807 the first steafiiboat was put on the Hudson ; the completion of the Erie Canal followed in 1826 ; and since that time the growth of the city has been rapid. Its population in 1800, was 60,489; it was 123,706 in 1820, 312,710 in 1840, 515,847 in 1850, 812,869 in 1860, and 942,377 in 1870. It is IV estiiuated that there are 1,500,000 persons in New York at noon on every secular day. Commerce and industry have kept pace with the population. In 1870 there arrived at this port 14,587 vessels from the American coast, and 4,688 from foreign ports. In 1874 the imports were $895,138,622, and the exports $354,699,782. More than half tne foreign commerce of the United States is carried on through the customs district of which this is the port, and itbont two-thirds of the duties are here collected, the whole amount for the year ending June 80, 1874, being $160,- 522,284.63, of which $109,549,790.79 was collected in the New York district. The manufactures of New York, though secondary in importance to its commercial and mercantile interests, are varied and extensive. In the value of products, according to the census of 1870, it is the first city in the Union, though surpassed by Phila- delphia in the value of materials used, amount of capital invested, and number of establishments. The whole number of manufacturing establishments in 1870 was 7,624, employing 129,577 bonds, and producing goods valued at $382,951,520. Hotels, BefltamBts, and Clibs. — Of the hotels conducted on the regular or American plan, the host ore : the Windsor, a new and elegantly-appointed house, cor. 5th Ave- nue and 46th St.; the F(/th Avenue, an immense marble building in 5th Avenue fronting Madison Sijuare ; the St, Nicholas, another marble structure in Broadway between Spring and Prince Sts. ; the Metropolitan, a capacious brownstone building nt Broadway and Prince St. ; the Chrand Central, a lofty building on Broad- way opposite Bond St. ; and the N'eie York, a plain brick structure occupying an entire block in Broadway between Washington Place and Waverley Place. The prices at these range from $3.50 per day at the Grand Central and New York to $6 per day at the Windsor and Fifth Avenuct Of the hotels conducted on the Euro- pean plan, among the best ore: the Grand Hotel (cor. Broadway and 31st St.); the Gilsey House (cor. Broadway and 29th St.) ; the Hoffman House (cor. Broadway and 24th St.); the »!?^ Cloud (cor. Broadway and 42d St.); the Buekingham (cor. 5th Avenue and 50th St.); the Westmirister (cor. Irving Place and 16th St.), the Clar- endon (cor. 4th Avenue and 18th St.) ; the Everett House (cor. 4th Avenue and 17th St.); the Brewort (cor. 6th Avenue and 8th St.); and the famous old Astor House in Broadway opposite the Post-OflSce. The charges for rooms range from $1 to $8 KUHMMMM e famous hh Boations, tlie ie'< Island, a still farther Fert CaliH- )klyn on the ick Hudson, rrived it the 'er as tar as appanage of At the close f the present As late as the British, I called New tion had in- .711 a slave- Oazette was n 1776; hut J the British ps evacuated se, New York the Hudson; e the growth as 123,706 in 1 1870, It is every secular In 1870 there from foreign 1354,699,782. 1 through the the duties are , being $160,- district. The mmercial and cts, according ssed by Phila- id number of M in 1870 was )51,520. r or Americati cor. 5th Ave- rt 5th Avenue in Broadway i brownstone ing on Broad- occupying an r Place. The )W York to $6 on the £uro- 31 St St.); the Broadway and ham (cor. 5th 3t.), the Olar- enue and l7th d Astor Boute from |1 to $3 NEW YORK CITY. 7 per day, with meals d la earte in the house or elsewhere. Among the cheaper ho- tels, frequented by business men, the more desirable are the MerehanU\ Wettem^ Ootmopolitan, Frenches, LeggeWa, Sweeney^*, and Park, all situated in the lower portion of the city. There are upward of 150 other hotels of all grades ; and board and lodging may be obtained at boarding-houses in all parts of the city at from |8 to |15 i)er week, for which consult advertisements in New York Herald. There are numerous restaurants in all the priucipal streets. Delmonico^t, cor. 5th Avenue and 14th St., is one of the best dining-places in the world, and is famous for its elaborate dinners. The Cqfe Brunswick, cor. 26th St. and 5th Avenue ; the Hoffman Houm, cor. 24th St. and Broadway ; laach^n, 864 Broadway ; Clark's, cor. Broadway and 13th St. ; Bigot's, 14th St., Union Square ; St. Bents, cor. Broad- way and 11th St.; and the Metropolitan, cor. Broadway and Prince, are all of excellent repute, and places where ladies or families may dine. Delmonieo's, at the corner of Broadway and Chambers St. ; Mouquin's, Ann St., near Nassau St. ; and the Astor House, are first-class restaurants for gentlemen. There are a number of restaurants where excellent tahle-d'hdte dinners may be got from 6 to 6 p. m., for from 75 c. to $1, the latter price usually including wine ; of these we may mention Phillippe's, IB University Place ; Jacqueses, 64 W. 11th St. ; University Hotel, Univer- .sity Place — all near Broadway. There are English chop-houses, so called, where a first-rate grill may be obtained, of which " Old Tom^s," Thames St. (near rear of Trinity Church), Farrish's, 64 John St., Black's (Manhattan Lunch), 498 Broadway, and the Be Soto, Bleecker St., just E. of Broadway, are noted. The most prominent city Clubs are the Century, 109 E. 15th St.; the Knieier- hoeker, 249 5th Avenue; the Manhattan, 96 5th Avenue; the Union, League, cor. Madison Avenue and E. 26th St. ; the Tranelers\ 222 6th Avenue ; the Union, cor. 5th Avenue and W. 21st St. ; the Germanic, W. 42d St. ; and the Lotos, iu Irving Place. Admission to these is obtained only by introdnotion by a member. Depots. — The Grand Central Bepot, in 42d St., between 4th and Madison Ave- Orud Central Depot. nues, is the largest and finest in the country, and is used by most passenger-trains of the New York Central and Hudson R. R., and by the New York and Harlem and New York and New Haven Railroads. It is built of brick, stone, and iron, and cost nearly $2,250,000. It is 692 ft. long, and 240 ft. wide, and is surmounted HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. bj several Louvre domes. It covers 66^ city lots, and, besides containing waiting^ and baggnge rooms and offices, admits 160 cars. The depot of the Pennsylvania R. R. is reached by ferries from foot of Desbrosses and Cortlandt Sts. ; the Erie from foot of Chambers and of 23d Sts. ; tlie Midland, same as Pennsylvania ; the Morris & Essex from Barclay and Christopher Sts. ; the Jersey Central from foot of Lii)erty St. ; the Long Island from James Slip and 84th St. ; the iiouth Side from Roosevelt and Grand Sts. ; and the Flushing from James Slip. Hades tf CMVeyaBM. — Within the city proper are omnibuses, haekney and livery eoaehes, horse-cars, and, to the more remote portions, «ay half-price. The principal hotels have carriages in waiting for the use of guests ; the rates are higher than those of the public carriages. The omnibuses^ start from South, Wall St., and Fulton Ferries, running up Broadway as far as 23d St., whence one line diverges W. to Hudson li. R. station at 30th St. and 9th Ave- nue ; anotlier up Madison Avenue to Grand Central Depot ; another up 5th Ave- nue. Fare, 10 c. The principal horse-car lin s start from the vicinity of the Astor House, and traverse the city from end to end. Besides these, there are several cross-town lines running from river to riyer. Fare on most of the lines, 5 c. The Elevated Railway runs from the Battery to Central Park at 59th St. The track i» supported by iron pillars, and the cars are luxurious, and drawn by small locomo- tives. Fare, 10 c. Numerous ferries connect New York with Brooklyn, Jersey City, and adjacent towns and villages. {See Beookltn.) Streets, Atcims, aid Drivcft — Broadway is the great central thoroughfare of the oity^ It is 80 ft. wide, and upon it are most of the principal hotels, banks, inBurano& offices, and great retail stores. It runs N. from^ the Battery, bending toward the W. above 10th St., and after crossing 6th, 6th, and 7th Avenues, terminates at 59th St. and 8th Avenue. Wall Street, less than half a mile long, running from Broadway opposite Trinity Church to the East River, is the monetary centre of the country. It contains the custom-house. United States sub-treasury and assay office, and many of the principal banks and banking firms, housed in large and handsome buildings. On the £. side of the city the principal thoroughfare is the Itowery, a very wide street, with its continuation, 8d Avenue ; and on the W. side Hudson Street and 8th Avenue. Fifth iTeam is the favorite promenade ; it contaihs many fine churches, but is chiefly noted for its handsome private residences, to which it is almost exclu- sively devoted. Madison Avenue is scarcely inferior in the elegance of its build- ings, and nearly all the cross-streets from 28d to 42d St. present fine examples of the prevailing domestic architecture. Park Atcim (which includes that paxt of 4th Avenue lying between 84th and 40th ^ts.) is 140 ft. wide, is bordered by handsome residences, and is divided in the centre by a row of beautiful little parks, surround- ing the openings of the railroad-tunnel. The favorite drives outside of Central Park are the Boulevard, St. Nicholas Avenue, and 6th and 7th Avenues above the park. The Bailevard commences at 69th St. and 8th Avenue, and terminates at 166th St., following for the most part the line of the old Bloomingdale Road, the continuation of Broadway, and coinciding above 107th St. with 11th Avenue; it is 150 tl. wide, and below 128th St. is divided in the centre by a series of little parks. St. Nicholas Avenu, 100 ft. wide, runs diagonally along the former Harlem Lane from the upper side of Central Park at 6th Avenue and 110th St. to 166th St., whence its continuation is the Kingsbridge Road. Oljeds cf Aatlqurtai Iiterest.-^ Standing on the sea-verge of the Battery is a curious round structure which is now known as Castle Garden, but which was originally built in 1807 as a fortress (" Castle Clinton "). It was ceded to the city in 1821 oral Ja and he now ui ervoir of New end of facing Eennet collect left sta having Howe, there < Clintoi room i used at place a the Me Sts., Hi erected The ok Pall Park, Doric surmo of 144 NEW YORK CITY. ling waiting- ^enntyhania the Erie ylvania; the al from foot /South Side y and litery he hac':tney- ival of every carriage, but ghould be to time, dis- lega] rate» iger for more 7J c. ; by the and 14 years^ X for the use he omnibuse* ns far as 23d ind 9th Ave- up 5th Ave- of the Astor are several (les, 5 c. The The track is small locpmo- oklyn, Jersey ire of the oity^ tks, insurance g toward thfr liriates at 59th om Broadway if the country.. Bee, and many ome buildings, y, a very wide Street and 8th fine churches, 9 almost excln- !e of its bujld- txamples of the it piut of 4th I by handsome irks, surround- lide of Central nues above the terminates at ;dale Road, the I Avenue ; it is of little parks. ■ Harlem Lane 5th St., whence B Battery is a }at which was ided to the city in 1828, and was the scene of the civic receptions of the Marquis de Lafayette, Gen- eral Jackson, President Tyler, and others. Subsequently it became an opera-house, and here Jenny Lind, Sontag, Mario, etc., made their appearance. The building is now used as a depot for immigrants, and is the chief receiving and distributing res- ervoir of the great tide of immigration from Europe. Bowling Green, the cradle of New York, is just N. of the Battery; in the times of the Dutch it was the court end of the town, and was surrounded by the best house* Tho row of six buildings facing the Green on the S. cover the site of the old Duich and English forts. The Kennedy Home, No. 1 Broadway, named after tlie Hon. Archibald Kennedy, then collector of the port, who built it in 1760, is one of the most interesting relics now left standing. In colonial times it was the heart of the highest fashion in the colony, having been successively the residence and lieadquarters of Lords Gomwallis and Howe, General (Sir Henry) Clinton, and General Washington ; Talleyrand also lived there during his stay in this country. Arnold occupied No. 6 Broadwav, and in Clinton's headquarters his treasonable projects were concerted. Fulton died in a room in the present Washington Hotel, No. 1 Marketfield St. It was then (1816) used as a boarding-house. Washington's farewell interview with his officers took place at France's Tavern, cor. of Pearl and Broad Sts., long since removed. Where the Mechanics' Bank now stands, S. side of Wall St., between Broad and 'William Sts., Hamilton wrote the "Federalist." The old Walton House, No. 826 Pearl St., «reoted by Walton in 1754, is one of the few old structures remaining in the city. The old churches, etc., are spoken Of elsewhtTo. Post-OBice. PiMie ud Frsalmt BilMtaigg. — Occupying the southern extremity of City Hall Park, opposite the Astor House, is the new Pwt-OflBfe, an imposing building of Doric and Renaissance architecture, four stories high, besides a Mansard roof, and }nie structure in the Italian style, three stories high, with front and ends of white '.'narhlo, nnd roar of brownstone. It is 216 ft. long by 105 ft. deep, with Ionic, Oor'nthiun, and composite ])ilaHters lining its front, and sunnountwl by a cupola containing a four-dial clock, which is ilhiminated at night by gas. It wa" erected from 1808 to 1812, at a cost of more than $500,000, and is occupied by the Mayor, Common Council, and other jiiiblic officers. The Governor's J-.ooni, in the second story, contains the writing-desk on which Washington wrote hi» first message to Congress, the chairs used by the first Congress, the chair in which Washington was inaugurated first President, and a number of portraits of American worthies, mostly by eminent artists. It has also a very fine portrait of Columbus. N. of tiie (Mty Hall is the new foirt-Haiw, which was commenced in 1801, and has been occupied since 1807, but it is not yet completed. It is a massive edifice in the Corinthian style, three stories high, 250 ft. long and 150 wide, and the crown of the dome is to be 210 ft. above the sidewalk ; the walls are of white mar- ble; the beams, staircases, etc., are of iron; while black walnut and choice Georgia pine are employed in the interior decoration. The main entrance on Cliambers St. 18 reached by a flight of 30 broad stops, which are ornamented with massivf marble columns. The cost of the building and furniture was over $12,000,000, the result of the notorious " Ring frauds," of which it was the instrument. The Toabs is a granite prison occupying tlie entire block bounded by Centre, Leonard, Elm, and Franklin Sts. It is pure Egyptian in architecture, and the entrance on Centre St. is imposing if gloomy. Another building in the Egyptian style is the PUtributinff Retervoir of the (Voton A(|ueduct, 5th Avenue, 40tii to 42d St. The CistOM'HMsr, Wall St., cor. William, was built in 1835aBtlie Merchants' Exchange, and is famous for the great grarite jilinths of tlio columns that support the pediment of the front elevation. It has a depth of 200 ft, a frontage of 144 ft., and a rear breadth of l7l ft. Its height to the top of the central dome is 124 ft. Meneath this dome, in the interior of tlie building, is the ' ' ttunda, around the sides of which are eight lofty col- umns of Italian marble, the superb Corinthian capi- tals of which were carved in Italy. They support the base of the dome, and are probably custom-House. the largest and no- l>1est marble columns in tlio country. Tiie !'• S> Sik-Treasirjr, formerly the Cns- tom-House, is a white-marble building at the cor. of Wall and Nassau Sts. It is a fine'specimen of Doric architecture, and is 200 ft. long, 80 ft. wide, and 80 ft. high. The main entrance on Wall St. is reached by a flight of 18 marble steps, and in the interior is a Rotunda 60 ft. in diameter, and surrounded by 16 Corinthian columns. Tlie old Federal Hall used to stand on this' site, and the spot is classic as that where- on Washington delivered his inaugnral address. Just opposite is the handsome .^JjfeS^ ■<>. '"■■""..'.UtiJJI- ' .J ^1— CT CT^ NEW YOHK CITY. n ost between oors are for ix a hond- idB of white with Ionic, by a cupola It WB" occupied by nor's J%ooni, n wrote hi» he chair in l)(>rtrait8 of portrait of inmenced in in n maflsive ido, and the f white mar- !oice Georgia 'liiunbers St. iisaivf luarbl© tlic result of e ToMks is a ird, Elm, and Centre St. is Phtrihutinff Castom-llonsr, find is famous t of the front tion. It has )th of 200 ft, nta^e of 144 and a rear (1th of 171 ft. leiglit to the )f the central e is 124 ft. iath this dome, le interior of )nilding, is the inda, around tides of which iight lofty col- s of Italian 3le, the superb nthian capi- of which were ed in Italy. r support the of tlie dome, are probably argest and no- erly the Ous- u Sts. It is a ad 80 ft. high. ps, and in th& hian columns. is that where- the handsome Drexfl Building^ in the Renaissance "trie, and a little farther 8. on Hroad 8t. are the Stock Exchange and Gold Room. The Com Exchange, located at the upper end of Whitehall St., is a handsome brick building. Oommoncing at Wall St. (whither our visit to the Sub-Treasury, etc., has brought us) a saunter up Broadway, the building of the E^ilUMe Llfr iM^raarc €«i, at the corner of Cedar St., first attracts attention. It is of granite, in mingled Doric and Renaissance stylo, and is probably the most solid and substantial structure in the city. It lias a frontage of 87 ft., a depth of 200, and a height of 187. Just above, at the corner of Liberty St., is the six-story building of the American Sank Note Co., surmounted by a tower containing a clock; and on the other side of Broadway, at the corner of Dey St., is the new building of the We$tern Union Telegraph Co., ten stories high (including three in the roof), with a clock-tower 280 ft. Iiigti. On the corner of Fulton St. is the Evening Pott building ; and farther up and adjoining each other, between Fulton and Ann Sts., are the Park Baak and New Y«rk HeraM buildings, both of white marble, and occupying the site of Barnum's Museum (burned in 1866). St. Paul's Ohurch, on the other side of the way, will be mentioned fur- ther on, and the Astor House, Post-Office, City Hall, and Court-Honse, all of which are clustered in this vicinity, have already been described. £. of the City Hall Park is Printing- Hotue Square, where are the offices of most of the daily and many week- ly papers. Fronting the square on the £. is the new Tribaie BaiMlag, the loftiest on the island, and the largest and best-appointed newspaper-office in the world. It is composite in style, built of red pressed brick, granite, and iron, is absolutely fire- proof, and has a clock-tower 285 ft. high, with four dials. On the N. is the hand- some granite building of the Staat8-Z«ltaafc, with statues of Gutenberg and Franklin above the portal. A bronze statue of Franklin, of heroic size, stands in the square at its southern end. A few wjuares E., on Franklin Square, is the immense publish- ing-house of the Harpers. At the cor. of Chambers St., on Broadway, is the great marble building devoted to A. T. Stewart's wholesale trade; it stands on the site of one of the principal forts erected by the British for the defense of the city during the Revolution. Farther up, on the cor. of Leonard St., is the beautiful building of the New Yark Life lasaraace CCi, of pure white marble, in the Ionic style ; and opposite is the fine building of the Globe Mutual Life Inturanee Co. Crossing Canal St., once the bed of a rivulet, a succession of handsome brildings present themselves on either side of the way, among them the St. Nicholas and Metropolitan Hotels, previously mentioned, and the publishing-house of D. Appleton & Co. At the cor. of Bond St. is the handsome building of Brooks Brothers, of red brick trimmed with light-colored stone ; and a little to the E., on Bond St., stands the American Watch Company^a building. StewarVs Retail Store is of iron painted white, is five stories high, and occupies the entire block between 9th and 10th Sts. and Broadway and 4th Avenue. The interior is tastefully decorated. At Grace Church, on the block above, Broadway turns slightly toward the 1., and on the inner angle stands the five-story building of the Methodist Book Concern (publishing-house). On the cor. of 14th St. is the iron building of the Don^tie Sewinq Machine Co., eight stories high, an seldom used oxcept for melodrama and spectacular pieces. Wallack'* Theatre, cor. Broadway and 13th St., is devoted to com- edy; the company is always good, and the plays are mount- ed with (freat care. The Union Square Theatre (in Union Square, between Broadway and 4th Avenue), and the Fifth Avenue Theatre (in W. 28th St., a few doors from Broadway), are small but fash- ionable theatres, in which light comedy is usually exhibited. Other tlieatres devoted to no special class of entertainment are : Niblo''» Garden, Broad- way near Prince St. ; the Lyceum Theatre, 14th St., a few doors W. of 6th Avenue; Olympic Theatre, 622 Broadway; Park Theatre, Broadway between 21st and 22d Sts. ; Wood'» Muteum, Broadway near 80th St. ; and Eaffie Theatre, 6th Ave- nue, near 82d St. The Bowery Theatre, Bowery near Canal St., presents popu- lar melodrama of the most pronounced type; and the Metropolitan Theatre, Broadway opposite the Metropolitan Hotel, and the Theatre Oomique, Broadway near Grand St., are devoted to varieties. The Stadt- Theater, Bowery near Orand St., produces German dramas and operas. Steinway Hall, 14th St. near Broadway, Booth's Theatre. s ' ■ «i w ai i i »w iw»iiu < yuiaM*»« aBira!n ■ — tt NBW YORK CITY. 13 lid flsh, and f 84th St., one of the of the kind fncoa four Bctly on the a Builicieut ,0 float the It is built k, iron, and ardian style, *\. in size ; ining is a capable of 600 fann- iMsaT Amm^ mi/ of Mutie, ing Place, a 1. of B'^ad- 16 of Italian Toi-k, and is Is and large s; the audi- oinely deco- n and gold. ciouH edifice, orations are a-Hotue, cor. 6th Avenue ; ;en 21 st and tre, 6th Ave- •esents popu- taji Theatre, le, Broadway y near Grand ir Broadway, and Chiekering Hall, cor. 6th Avenue and 13th 8t., are the nrinoipal oonoert- Imlls. The Central Park Oarden is a large frame-building, with promenade or " garden " in the rear, at the Oentral Park terminus of the 7th Avenue R. R. Ilure during the summer Theodore Thomas's orohest.a gives musical entertain- ments of the highest order. Still another clans of places of amusement is that known as " Gardens," of which the Atlantic Garden, adjoining tlie Bowery Theatre, is the best known. It is a groat hall where, in the evening several thousand Germans come with their families to drink beer and smoke, and listen to well-executed vocal ami instrumental music. As a rule, however, the Gardens are located in the upper part of the city, in Hobo- ken, and in Jersey City ; among them are the Litm Park Garden, on 8th Avenue ; Jonei't Wood, on the East River, reached by 2d or 8d Avenue cars to 68th 8t. ; Lan- man'e Pari, on 8d Avenue near 80th St. ; Terrace Oarden, 8d Avenue and 68th St. ; and Funke'i Park, foot of 67th St., East River. UkrariM aid Art-daUerlcfb — There are twelve public lil>rarie8 in the city, namely, the Apprentiee»\ 472 Broadway, open from 8 a. m. to 9 p ^t. ; the Aetor, Lafayette Place near Astor Place, open from 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. ; thv. CJity, 12 City Hall, open from 10 A. M. to 4 p. m. ; the Cooper Ionian, in Cooper Institute, open from 8 a. m. to 10 p. M. ; the Library of the American Jnttitnte, in Cooper Institute, open from 9 A. M. to 9 p. M. ; the Mercantile, Astor Place near Broadway, open from 8 a. h. to 9 p. M. ; Historical Society, 2d Avenue cor. £. 11th St., open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. M. ; the Law Inititute, 41 Chambers St.,' open from 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. ; the Nete York Society, 67 University Place, open from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m. ; the Printen\ 8 Chambers St., open every Saturday evening ; the Woman^e, 44 Franklin St., open from 9 A. M. to 4 p. m. ; and the Young Men' a Christian Association, 161 5th Ave- nue, 4th Avenue cor. 28d St., 8d Avenue cor. E. 122d St., 285 Hudson St., 69 Ludlow St., and 97 Wooster St., all open from 8 a. m . to 10 p. m. The Aster Ukrary oocu- pies a plain but substantial building of brick in the Romanesque style. It was founded by John Jacob Astor, who endowed it with $400,000, to which additions were made by his son William B. Astor. It contains 148,000 volumes, and is com- plete in many special departments of study. The Herftitlle Uknury extends f^om Astor Place to Eigi: . i St. near Broadway ; it contains over 146,000 volumes, and has an excellent reading-room, to which strangers are admitted on introduction by a mem- ber. The Leaex Library (free), founded by James Lenox, was chartered in 1870; it is in a splendid building of Lookport limestone, erected by Mr. Lenox, occupying the entire 5th _ ■.----■ ---:^^f=ri^;=^i^s^^__ Avenue front J-^ ' - . " ~ '^S-^ between 70th and 71st Sts., facing Central Park; but the library has not yet been open- ed. It is to re- ceive, besides other valua- ble donations, " the collection of manuscripts, printed books, engravings and maps, statu- ary, paintings, drawings, and other works of art," made by i^»»« Ubrary. tite founder, and is particularly rich in early American history. Biblical bibliography, and Elizabethan literature. u HAND-BOOK OF AMKKICAN CITIKH. The MHrtiMHtu Nanria af Art, I2R W. t4tli Ht., hait a flno'^oollcotion of pnint- IngH bv the old iniiHtviM, nnd umiHlly Iiiih on exiiiliition other rollectionii loft on loan by thi) woftlthy rirtutmi of the city, inoliidinK ninny tinn piotureit hy Atni*riran fiainterx, HtHtiiary, pottery and porcelain ware, arinit and arinrr, c^oinH and niedaln, anti(|iie and iiiedlicvHl curioMitien, and varioim nrticloH of rertii. It alito containH the faniouH VetaoU VoHfction of ("ypriotc antiquitieo. On HlondayH, udniiHHJon to the MuHouni \i free ; on other dayn, 26 .•. A new and hand- Hoine litiildintr fortheMuitenin 18 now in pro- (^esa of con- Htruction in Oentral Park near H2d Ht. and nth Ave- nue. The Na- llMal Ara4t* aiy af IMilKa, cor. 4th Ave- nue and 2:id Ht., la a uiii(|ne building of «ray and white ni a r U 1 e and hlnestone. The aomyofOo.iKn. plan of the ex- terior was copied from a famoua palace in Venice; the entrnnce'and Htairwny are imposing. Each Hpring it (yivcM an exhibition of recent works of American artists. At the ilUtorkal Society, cor. 11th St. nnd 2d Avenue, is a fine p;allory of paintings, with many old portraits: the Ahhott ColleetiorC of Egypticm antiquities, and the Lenox Collection of Nineveh sculptures, etc. There are paintings on exhibition (free) at the snlcs-gnlHries of Goupil, 6th Avenue and 22d Ht. ; Sc/iaiin, 744 Hroadway ; Aeery, 88 6th Avenue; and Snedeeor, 176 6th Avenue. The best private collections in the city are those of A. T. Stewart, John Taylor Johnston, Marshall O. Roberts, James Lenox, Lucius Tuokermnn, John Iloey, John Wolfe, It. L. Stuart, R. L. Cutting, W. IL Aspinwnll, Robert Hoe, nnd R. M. Olyphant, who lias the best collection of American paintings in the city. Admission to these may be obtained by sending a letter (inclosing card) to their owners. Charehes. — There are about 870 churches of all denominations in the city, and at any of them the stranger is sure of a polite reception. Among those which on acoount of their architectural beauty, the character of the services, or the (issocia- tions connected with them, are worthy of sjiecial mention, are: Trlaity Charfk (Episcopal — Dr. Morgan Dix), in Broadway, head of Wall St. ; is in Gothic style, of solid brownstone, and is 192 ft. long, 80 wide, and 00 high, with a spire 284 ft. high. It has rich stained windows and the finest chime of bells in America. The Trinity Parish is the oldest in the city ; its first church was erected in 1690, and de- stroyed by fire in 1776 ; the present edifice was commenced in 1889, and consecrated in 1846. The church is open all day, there are prayers twice daily (at 9 a. h. and 3 p. N.), and imposing choral services on Snnday. The graveyard surrounding the ohuroh is one of the most picturesque spots in the city. It .occupies nearly two acres of ground, is embowered in trees, and contains many venerated tombs — among them those of Alexander Hamilton, Captain Lawrence, the hero of the "Chesa- peake," Robert Fulton, and the unfortunate Charlotte Temple. In one comer is a stately Gothic monument erected to the memory of the patriots who died in Brit- )n of pHint- li'ft on loan AjncricBn iind niudniK, (Mtntainn tlio Hfiion to the iiHeuni !.« on othtT lyn. '2B .'. A iw nnd liand- ino Ixiildinir tlieMiiMeiim now in pro- 8n of con- iiction in ntrnl Park sar H2d Ht. id fitli Ave- i>. Tiio >»• mal Aradc- •r KrttlKat 4th Avo- iie and 2''id t., is a unique u i 1 d i n (( (if ray and wliite arl>le and liieMtonc. Tlie Ian of tlie cx- Htairwny are L'i'ican ai'tiHtH. Y of paintings, litiet), and tlie f Goupif, 5th and Snedecor, A. T. Stewart, ikermnn, John 3ert IToe, and i in the city, card) to their le city, and at OHe which on )r the aRBocia- Trtalty Chirrh Gothic style, t Hpire 284 ft. imerica. The 1600, and de- id consecrated at 9 A. M. and rrounding the es nearly two ;onib8 — among f the " Chesa- ne comer is a } died in Brit- NBW YORK CITY. 1ft inh prisons at New York during the Hevolulion. The view from the lookout in the Hpire is the finest in the city, and it is acceMsible at any hour of the day for a small lee. Trinity Chiipfl (Kpim-opal), 2Rth 8t. near Broadway, is an elegant stnict- Trinlty Church. ure, with richly-decorated interior. Its sei vices are choral. St< Pail's (Episco- pal), cor. Hroadway and Vesey St., is a venerable structure, built in 1776, 161 by 73 ti., with a spire 203 ft. high. It stands in the midst of a graveyard in which are monuments of great interest. The pediment of the facade contains a white-marble statue of St. Paul, and below is a monument (mural tablet) of General Montgom- ery. Oraee Church (Episcopal), Broadway near 10th St., is a graceful edifice of white freestone ; the interior is exceedingly elaborate, with carved work and stained glass. St. Gcarge'g (Episcopal — Dr. Tyng), in Stuyvesant Square, two squares E. (•f Union Square, is one of the largest churches in the city ; it is of brownstone, in the Byzantine style, with double spires, and the interior is magnificent. Ghureh of the Tran»flguration (Episcopal), 29th St. just E. of 6th Avenue known as " the lit tie church around the corner," is noted for its half-rustic, picturesque character. St. Thomm'a (Episcopal), cor. 68th St. and 5th Avenue, has a rich interior. St. Alban''*, I.«xington Avenue and 47th St., has Ritualistic services. St. Pail's (Meth- odist), 4th Avenue oor. 22d St., is of white marble in the Romanesque style, and one of the finest churches in the city. Other churches usually visited by strangers i u HAND-BOOK OV AMKRICAN CI. (Ea •ro: the Calraru (EpUonpnl), 4tli Aveniio nnil 2lnt Ht. ; tr.o Firit Ih^hyttrinn, 6th Avvniiu cor. lltn Ht. ; the Urirk Church (IVonlvtcrlnn), fttli Avuriu« nrid H7th Ht. ; the Churfh of all SunU ([Unitarian— Dr. Hflhiwn), 4th Avonuu niid liOth Ht. ; tha Churrh of thK Metniah (llnUarimi), Park Avi'iiue and H4th Ht. ; Churrh of tht Cov- enant (I'roiihyturinii), I'ark Ak'i lege, Madison Avenue and fiOtli St., is the oldest college in the State, having been chartered by George II. in 1754. It moved into its present quarters in 1840, and New Roman Ctttbollc Catliudiul, .MIi Avvnue. Eaanael (Jewish synagogue), 5th Avenue, cor. 48d St., mmaaa HEW YORK CITY. 17 ttrian, Bth I xrtli Ht. ; th Ht. ; the nf tht <'ov- roRatlonnI), liapin), 5th Ith Ht. ; the Dine i filet I), Maclimm 1th Ht. ; the I'lirk Ave- aiul thu Prenbyteri- C(ir, of'Bflth (eHt church ity, nnil ono knd flnvNt on iM Kl. Pit* ■I, in ntli H'n AlMt nnil nnionceil in uhoiit half iM of wliite D tlccorated an e, is a grand )ble window, aiversity was (MibM* Ctl- liavlng been in 1849, and vwm^ia^^ Noriiiul (olkitfK. Ntnnda In the midiit of nlcturcwpiv grotindN. It \» richly vndowtxl, uml han a llhrnry (if 28, (HM) volunivM, and a muNviitn. Thu Collrgt <>/ thu City qf New Vork orcii|iiua It hancUomo huthllng at tlm cor. of 38d Ht. and u-xington Avenue. It In part ot tlio ciiiiimon-iichool NyHtviii, and in free In 1«74^75 (here were 84 inrtnicto»H and HS* MtudentM. ItH llhrary nuiiiherit 28,0(Mi voIiiiiicm. The Nerml faUqw, cor. 4tli Ave- nue and tlUth St.,iitulHopart of the coiii- ruon-Hohool MyNtem. The i'diH(!e Ih tm- Hiiri'ssHed by any similar structure in till" coimtry. It is in tlu Mvcular (lothic Htvlc, 8(Mi tt. Iy Peter Oooper, is a large brownstone building, six storioH high and ocoupyiiig the entire block bounded by 8d and 4th Avenues and 7th and Hth Hts, It cuntams a tree library ; a free reading-room ; free soIiooIm of art, wood-engraving, photography, and telegraphy for women ; a free night indiool of art for men ; a free night hcIiooI of science for both sexes; and free lectures. It has nearly 8,000 students in all tiepartments. The Young Men''$ Christian Auociation has an elegant building, cor. 4th Avenue and 28d Ht., constructed chiefly of Ohio freestone and New Jersey brownstone, 67 by 176 ft., five stories high, with a central and three angular towers. Besides a library, reading-room, gymnasium, etc., it contains a lecture-hnll capable of seating 1,600 persons. Opposite the (Jooper Institute is the Bihh Ilovte, an im- mense brick structure oocunying an entire block and six stories high. It is the property of the American Bible Hociety, next to the British the largest in the world, and here all the operations of that important organization are carried on. Many of the charitable institutions are on the East River islands and will be men- tioned f\irther on. Of those in the city the following are noteworthy : Bfilevm Hespltal, foot of E. 2Gth Ht., is the largest hospital in the city, and can accommodate 1,200 patients. The buildings are substantial, but have small architectural ]>reten- sious. St. Luke'i Hotpital, 6th Avenue and 64th Ht., is one of the most notable objects on the avenue. It is a refuge for the sick without regard to sect or nation- ality. The Mount Sinni Hotpital, Lexington Avenue, between 06th and 67th Hts. ; the Lenox Botpital, on E. 70th St.; Rootetelt Hotpital, 69th Ht. near 10th Avenue; Xete York Hotpital, in 16th St, near 6th Avenue, are all notable as fine strnct- nres. The Denf and Dumb Inttitution is located on Washington heights; the buildings, which are the largest and finest of the kind in the world, cover 2 acres, and stand in a park 28 acres in extent. The New York Inttitution /or the Blind is a large marble building on 9th Avenue, between S8d and 84th Bts. Indigent pupils are educated at the expense of the State, and pay-pujuls are received at |800 u year. The Five Pointt Houte of Induttry, 165 Worth St., and the Five Fointa 18 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. MUsion, 61 Park St., face each o'olier on what was once the vilest and most danger- ous part of the city. The Hi/ward Misaion, near by, supports day and Sunday schools, and a house for needy children, and distributes food, clothing, and fuel, to the deserving poor. The BlMmingdale Asflam for the Ihmm occupies a most attractive and commanding site on 117th St. near 10th Avenue. The buildings, three in number, can accommodate 170 pati«nts, and are always full. The New York Orphan Asylum, on the Bloomingdale ivoad near 74th St., is 120 by 60 ft , with 9 acres of ground attached, commanding a fine view of the Hudson River. The Convent of the Sacred Heart, in Manhattan ville, is beautifully situated or a hill surrounded by park-like grounds. Parks aid PiMIc Sqiaicib — The great park of the city, and one of the largest and finest in the world, is Central Park, a rectangular area of 848 acres, extending from 69th to 110th St. and from 6th to 8th Avenue. It has 18 entrances (4 at each end and 5 at each side), and four sti'eets (65th, 79th, 85th, and 97th) cross it, to afford opportunity for traffic, passing under the park walks and drives. The original sur- face was exceedingly rough and unattractive, consisting chiefly of rock and marsh ; but by engineering skill the very defects that once seemed fatal have been converted into its most attractive features. Between 79th and 96th streets a large portion of the Park is occupied by the two Croton reservoirs, the smaller one comprising 85 and the larger 107 acres. The Lakes, five in number, occupy 43f acres more. There are 10 m. of carriage-roads, 6 m. of bridle-paths, and 30 m. of foot-pathn, with numerous bridges, arches, and other crchitectural monuments, together with many statues. The Mall, near the 5th Avenue entrance, is the princip..! prome- nade ; it is a magnificent esplanade, nearly a quarter of a mile long and bordered by double rows of stately elms. At the lower end are fine bronze statues of Shakspeare and Scott, and in the Music Pavilion near the upper end concerts are given on Satur- day afternoons in summer. The Mall is terminated by The Terrace, a sumptuous pile of masonry richly carved and decorated. Descending the Terrace by a flight of broad stone stairs. Central Lake is reached, the prettiest piece of water in the Park. Between the Terrace and the Lake is the costliest fountain on the continent, with immense granite basins and a colossal statue of the Angel of Bethesda. The Ramble, covering 36 acres of sloping hills, and abounding in pleasant shady paths, extends from the Lake to the Old Reservoir. On the highest point of the Ramble stands the Belvedere, a massive piece of architecture in the Norman style. The tower commands attractive views in all directions. In the upper Park are the ruins of redoubts used in tlie Revolutionary War, guarding McGowan's Pass, where there was some sharp fighting. A large restaurant is located in the building formerly occupied by the Convent of the Sisters of Charity ; and tha Chapel contains 87 casts from the Htatuary of Crawford. The American Mmeum of Natural History occu- pies the old State Arsenal, a castellated structure near the 5th Avenue entrance. In this bull ling and the sui-rouuding cages is the menagerie of living animals, reptiles, and birds, presented or loaned to the city, comprising many rare specimens. Anew buildinir for the Museum is now nearly completed in Manhattan Square. — Park car- riages, so constructed ai! to alf'ord every passenger a good view, run from 5th and 8th ii. venue entrances to the principal points of interest (fare 25c.). Coaches may be hired for fl2 per hour, and the circuit can be made in an hour. Mount Morris Square is on the line of 5th Avenue between 120th and 124th Sts., and embraces 20 neres. In the centre rises a rocky hill, 101 ft. high, com- manding picturesque views. The level portion has been handsomely laid out, and walks lead up to the summit of the hill. Madison Square is 6J acres in extent, and lies between 23d and 26111 Sts. and 5th and Madison Avennes. It is one of the most fashionable squares in the city, is tastefully laid out, and is surrounded by fine buildings. On the W. side, at the junction of Broadway and 6th Avenue, is a monument to General Worth. Union Square, 31- acres in extent, is of oval shape, and lies between 14th and I7th Sts. and Broadway and 4th Avenue, it is filled with trees, and has a handsome fountain in the centre. At its lower end on the E. •3 the bronze equestrian statue of Washington by II. K. Browne; and on the W. is a bronze statue of Lincoln. The Battery, at the S. extremity ot the city, looking -, , ' .u i fe ' t'w A * igami iwte'. most danger- and Sunday g, and fuel, to upies a most The buildings, ill. The New 120 by 60 ft , ludson River, lated or a hill he largest and xtending from 4 at each end ss it, to afford e original siir- k and marsh ; een converted rge portion of comprising 85 1^ acres more. of footpatliH, together with incif,.! promo- id bordered by of Shakspeare jiven oil Satur- e, a sumptuous ace by a flight f water in the I the continent, 3ethesda. The it shady paths, of the Ramble lan style. The rk are the ruins ss, where there ilding formerly ontaiiis 87 casts I History occu- e entrance. In liiaals, reptiles, iimens. A new lie. — Park car- ti from 5th and Coaches may 20th and 124th 1 ft. high, com- ly laid out, and J in extent, and It is one of the rounded by fine I Avenue, is a i of oval shape, lue. It is filled r end on the E. id on the W. is lie city, looking NEW YORK CITY. 19 out upon the Bay, embraces 21 acres, and \k beautifully laid out and protected by a iiiastfive granite sea-wall. It was the site of a fort in the early years of the city, and later was surrounded by the residences of the wealthy. The City Hall Park, (■(tinprising 8} acres, is little more than a reservation for [lublic buildings. At its lower end is a fiue fountain. The principal other parks are Washington St/uare (8 acres), reached by going W. from Broadway on 4th St. or Waverley Place; Stuyveiant Square (4^ acres) between 16th and 16th Sts., and divided by 2d Avenue into two distinct parks; Oramercy Park, on 20th St. near 4th Avenue; Tompkint Square (10|^ acres), between Avenues A and B and 7th and 10th Sts., used as a parade ground ; and Eeaervoir Park (4{ acres), in rear of the Distributing Keservoir un 5th Avenue. SibirlNb — No one engaged in " doing " New York should fail to visit High Bridge (reached by small steamer from Harlem, by Harlem River R. R. from Grand Cen- tral Depot, or by carriage-drive through Central Park). This magnificent structure, by which the Croton Aqueduct is carried across the Harlem River, is of granite throughout, and spans the entire width of valley and river, from cliff to cliff. It is 1,460 ft. long, 114 ft. high, and supported on 14 massive piers. On the lofty bank at its S. end is a capacious reservoir for the supply of the upper portions of the city, the water being pumpen Avenue is the handsomest street in the city, and is lined with beautiful residences surrounded with extensive ornamental grounds. St. Marie's Phee, in Sonth Brooklyn, is scarcely less attractive. Rermen and Montague Streets contain many fine resi- dences; from Montague Terrace, on the latter, is obtained a magnificent view of New York City and harbor. The favorite drive is through Prospect Park to the Oceaa Parkway, a boulevard 200 ft. wide, extending from the S. W. comer of the ])ark to the seashore at Coney Island (8 m.). The Eastern Parkway, also a popular drive, extends from the park entrance to East New York (21 m.). Other boulevards are designed to connect the park with Fort Hamilton, Bath, and Sheeps- head Bay, all of which are popular resorts. PaMIc aid PrtMlieat BalMiigs.— The Post-Office is on Washington St. N. of Fulton. The City Hall, at the junction of Fulton, Court, and Joralemon Sts., 1 m. from ferry, is of white marble, in the Ionic style, 162 ft. wide and 102 ft. deep, and sur- mounted by a tower, with belfry and four-dial clock. The C«nty €mui-H*ue, fronting on Fulton St. just E. of the City Hall, is a large building with white-marble front, in the Corinthian style; it has a very fine portico, and an iron dome 104 ft. high. The County Jail, in Raymond St., is a castellated Gothic edifice of red sand- stone. The Penitentiary, an immense stone pile, is in Nostrand Ave., near the city limits. The State Arsenal is in Portland Ave., near Washington Park. The City Hospital is a large red-brick building in Raymond St , near De Kalb Ave. On Mon- tague St., near the City Hall, is the Academy of Music, a brick structure of no spe- cial architectural merit, but with fine interior decorations. A^oining it on the W. is the Icadeny of Deslgi, a fine edifice, whose front is elegantly carved in many places. Opposite is the Mematlle Library, a handsome building in the Oothic style, containing a library of 42,000 volumes, and two fine reading-rooms. The rooms of the Long Island Historical Society, cor. Court and Joralemon Sts., contain a large library and many curious relics (admission free). The Young Men^s Christian As- sociation has a fine building on Fulton St., cor. Gallatin Place, with library and reading-room. Chuvhes. — Brooklyn is known as the " City of Churches,'' and contains more in proportion to its population than any other in the country. Among the most prominent are: Plymouth (Congregational; H. W. Beeoher, Pastor), Orange St., 'V* .* ^w.i^^*.J.!W^'■3 > ^: 'i ^■'r«i^^J■v^^ *'Mi«< ) w.''j^ssiteia^iat ' ii i MMy-3i! i »''e^.Hi jw«^ 'y. 'v-m^.. BROOKLTN. Ill across East aclied by sev- foot of Broad- to 8, is 7J lU., riie surface is out Bay, by a of events that the city, the loans defeated 3,298 in 1800, al ones being I the Mantion Montague St., to all parts of erry (fare 6c.). xtending about Ferry to East Hiness street in m Avenue is ■(28 surrounded 1 Brooklyn, is [lony fine resi- gniiicent view Prospect Parle 8. W. corner ^arheay, also a 24 m.). Other th, and Sheeps- Jt.N. of Fulton. Sts., 1 m. fVom , deep, and sur- Bty C«wt-HMM, h white-marble 9n dome 104 ft. Hce of red sand- e., near the city ark. The City Ave. On Mon- ;tnre of no spe- lining it on the jarved in many he Gothic style. The rooms of contain a large '« Christian J.«- rith library and ontains more in mong the most or). Orange St., N. of Hicks; it is plain but large, seating about A,000 persons. The Holy TVinitv (Episcopal), oor. Clinton and Montague Sts., is 'n decorated (Tothic style, with rich «it4iined windows, and a beautiful spire 276 ft. high. St. Ann^$ (Episcopal), ror. Clinton and Livingston Sts., is in pointed Gothic style, with exceedingly ornate interior. The Dutch Reformed, in Pierrepont St., near Monroe Place, is of brown- stone in the Roman Corinthian style, with a portico supported by Corinthian pillars, and a very rich interior. The Church of the Pilgrimt (Congregational ; R. S. .Storrs, Pastor), cor. Henry and Remsen Sts., is of gray stone, with lofty spire. Inserted in the main tower, about 6 ft. from the ground, is a piece of the " Pilgrim Rock " froTn Plymouth, Mass, f he Chnreh of the Stiviour (Unitarian), cor. Pierre- pont 8t. and Monroe Place, is an elaborate structure in the pointed Gothic style. Other noteworthy churches are: Graee (Episcopal), Grace Court, cor. Hicks St.; Chrint (Episcopal), cor. Clinton and Harrison Sts.; St. PmiV* (Episcopal), cor. Clinton and Carroll Sts.; Atethodiat, cor. Clermont and Willoughby Avenues; Lafayette Avenue PreiibyteriaH, Lafayette Ave. cor. Oxford St. ; Clinton Avenue Ciingregational, Clinton Ave. cor. Lafayette; and Talmage's Tahernarle, on Soher- iiiorhorn St., said to be the largest Protestimt church in America. The principal Ivonian Catholic churches are St. Charlee Borromeo, in Sidney Place, famous for its music ; St. Jame» Cathedral, Jay cor. Chapel St. ; and St, Mary^s, Court cor. l.uqneer St. MisMllaDCCH P*lnt.« af laterMt. — The United Stntee Navy Yard (reached by horse- Mk is at the other end of the city, and about 1 m. i>elow the South Ferry, within what is called Red Hook Point. It is a very extensive work, and merits the attention of strangers. Atlantic Dock. The basin has an area of 421 acre^<, and sutlScient depth of water to accommodate the largest ships ; the total wharfage is about 2 m. The piers are of solid granite ; and surrounding the basin on all sides, except an entrance 200 ft. wide for vessels, are substantial brick and granite warehouses. In crossing Fulton Ferry to or from n HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. li: New York, the massive towers of the Bridge are conspicuons objects. The tower on the Brooklyn side is finished, that on the New York sido nearly so ; their height above high water is 208 ft. The bridge itself will be 6,000 ft. long, and the central span across the river from tower to tower 1,595 ft. long. It will be 85 ft. wide, in- cluding a promenade of 13 ft., two railroad-trucks, and four wagon or horse-car tracks. From high-water mark to the flour of the bridge in the centre will be a distance of 185 ft., so that navigation will not be impeded. The approach on the Brooklyn side from tiie terminus to the anchorage will measure 886 ft. ; on the New York side 1,386 ft. The bridge is to be completed in 1877, and wiU have cost about $10,000,000. Prtspect Park (reached by several lines of cars from Fulton Ferry) is one of the most beautiful in America. It contnins 550 acres, i^ situated on an elevated ridge, and commands a magnificent view of the two citie><, of the inner and outer harbor, Long Island, the Jersey shore, and the Atlantic. It is beautifally shaded in many parts by old woods which have been skillfully improved, and its combination of broad meadows and wooded hills is unequaled elsewhere. It contains 8 m. of drives, 4 m. of bridle-paths, and 11 m. of walks. The Lake covers 61 acres, and througli the Ole7i fiows a cliarming brooklet, broken here and there into cascades. The main entrance on Flatbush Ave., known as the Plaza, is paved with Belgian pavement, and bordered by grassy mounds ; in the centre are a fine fountain and a bronze statue of President Lincoln. Tlie Parade and ZoSlogical Garden are on the W. side of the park ; the Dairy is about I m. 8. £. of the Phiza ; and an observatory 100 ft. high stands on Lookout Hill. Park carriages, starting from the entrance, make the circuit of most points of interest (fare 25o.). Wathington Park (80 acres) is an elevated )>latean £. of City Hall, between Myrtle and De Kalb Avenues. Dur- ing the Revolutionary War it was the site of extensive fortifications, of which Fort Qreene was the principal. It commands an extensive view, and is surrounded by a handsome stone wall. CIneiwMd Ceaetcry (reached by cars from Fulton Ferry), the most beautiful in the world, is situ- ated on Oow- anus heights in the S. portion of the city. It contain8413 acres, skillfully laid out, and 178,000 Inter- ments have been made in it since its opening in 1842, The main entrance, near 5th Ave. and 28d St., is a highly orna- mented struct- ure of brown- irtone, monu- mental in form. ih the middle pointed Goth- ic style, 132 ft. long and 40 ft. deep, the cen- tral pinnacle being 106 ft, high. It is ornamented with sculptures representing scenes from the Gospels, chief of which are the Entombment and Resurrection of EDtrsnce to Oreenwood Cemetery. I'i^jfcaij;'-'. PHILADELPHIA. S8 The tower tlieir height nd the central 15 ft. wide, in- or horse-car itre will be a proacli on the " ' ft. ; on the and win have is one of the levated ridge, outer harbor, aded in many oiiibination of tains 8 m. of s 01 acres, and into cascades. with Belgian fountain and a lien are on the an observatory 1 the entrance, Park (30 acres) L venues. Dur- of which Fort surrounded by beautiful in the world, is situ- ated on Gow- anus heights in the S. portion of the city. It contains 41S acres, skillfully laid out, and 178,000 inter- ments have been made in it since its opening in 1842. The main entrance, near 5th Ave. and 28d St., is a highly orna- mented struct- ure of brown- dtone, monu- mental in form, iii the middle pointed Goth- ic style, 132 ft. long and 40 ft. deep, the cen- es representing Resurrection of Christ. The grounds have a varied surface of hill, valley, andplain, and are trav- ■ erseil by 17 ni. of carriage-roads and 16 m. of foot-paths. The elevations afford extensive views. There are many beautiful monuments, chief among which are the Pilots' and Firemen's, Charlotte Canda's, and that to the " nmd poet " McDonald Clark. By keeping in tlio main avenue called The Tour, as indicated by finger- posts, visitors will obtain the best general view of the cemetery, and will be able to regain the entrance without difficulty. About 4 m. £. of Greenwood are the cemeteries of the Evergreen* and Cypreu Hilh. NBW YORK TO PHILADBXiPHIA. ( Via Penmylvinia R. R. DiHtanco, 90 m. Time, 8 to 4 brr. Fare, IS.'IS.) The station in Jersey City is reached by ferries ft-om foot of Dosbrosses and Cortlandt Streets. The route is through a flat and featureless country, and would be monotonous but for the numerous cities and towns along the lino. Neteark (9 m.) contains 100,000 inhabitants, and is a large manufacturing centre, but offers few attractions to the tourist. Elizaheth (16 m.) is the handsomest city in New Jersey, and contains many -fine residences, a few of which are visible from the cars, ^ete Bruntwiek (82 m.) is an old town at the head of navigation on Kuritan River ; and Princeton (48 m.) is noted as the seat of Princeton College, one of tlm «)lde8t and most famous educational institutions in the country. Trenton (68 m.) is pleasantly Hitiiated at the head of navij^ation on the Delaware, and contains some fine public buildings. Here Washington won his famous victory over the Hessians, Dec. 26, 1776. PHTfiADBLPHIA. PHILADELPHIA, the largest city as to area in the United States, and the second in population, lies between the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, 6 m. above their junction and 06 from the Atlantic. Its precise latitude is 39° 67' N. and longitude 75° 10' W. It is 22 m. long from N. to S., with a breadth of 6 to 8 rii., and an area of 129.4 80. m. The city, as originally incorporated, was bounded by the rivers Dela- ware and Scbnylkill and Vine and South Streets, rnd this area wtis not enlarged until 1864, when the corporation was extended over the entire county. Within its present area there are over 360 m. of paved streets, and more buildings than in any other city in the country. The city is regularly laid out, the N. and.S. streets being numbered in succession from the Delaware to the Schuylkill, which is reached at 23d St., tlie first street W. of that being 80th. These are crossed at right angles by named streets. A few irregular avenues, formerly country-roads, stretch awny from the original town-plot. The houses on the streets running £. and W. are numbered toward the west, all between 1st and 2d streets being between 100 and 200, and all between 2d and 3d streets between 200 and 300, and so on ; so that the number of the house indicates the number of the street as well. Thus if the nearest house be 836, Eighth St. is £. and 9th St. W. In like manner, the streets running N. and S. are allowed 100 numbers for every square they are distant from Market St., either N. or S. This plan is very convenient in going about the city, as whenever one can see a number he can calculate his exact distance from Market St. or the Delaware. Philadelphia was founded by William Penn, who came over from England in 1682, accompanied by a colony of Quakers, and purchased the site from the Indians. The emigration thither was very rapid, and in 1684 the population was estimated nt 2,500. Penn presented the city with a charter in 1701. It prospered greatly, and was the most important city in the country during the colonial period and for more than a quarter of a century after the Revolution. The first Congress ossembled here, as did also the subsequent Congresses during the continuance of the war. The Declaration of Independence was signed and issued here, July 4, 1776. The con- vention which tbrmed the Constitution of the Republic assembled here in May, 1787. Here resided the first President of the United States, tind here Congress continued 24 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. .to meet until 1787. The city was in poHsesflion of tJie Uriti.^h from September, 1777, to June, 1778, a result of the unfortunate buttlett of Brandy wine and Gennantown. Since the Kevolution the city has grown steadily and rapidly. The population, which in I8(t0 was 41,220, had increased to 121,870 in 1860, to 685,529 in 18(10, and to ((74,022 in 1874. The coinuiorco of Philadelphia is lar^fe and increasing, but manufactures are its ciiiof source of wealth, and in these, according to the census of 1870, it is the first city of the Union, surpassing New York in the number o' establishments (8,184), in the number of hands employed (1H7,40A), and in the amount of capital invested ($174,016,074). Tlio products of the vear 1870 were valued at |iJ2'i,004,517. HMrls, ttfstaanuits, ami Clibs. — Tlie Continental, (Chestnut St. cor. 9th St., is an excellent hotel with u front (of Pictou sandstone) 200 t%. long and six stories high ($4.50 per day). The Girard Howie, opposite on (Miestnut Ht., is a handsome build- ing ($3.50). The Colonnade, Chestnut St. cor. 15th ($8.00), and the La Pierre, Broad cor. Chestnut St. ($3.50 per day), are up-town. The Bingham, cor. lltb and Market Sts., and the American, ('hestnut St. near 6th, are much patronized by merchants ($8.00 per day). The continuously for about 4 m. Chrstaat 8t>, parallel with Market on the S., is the fashionable promenade, containing the finest hotels and retail stores. Lombard, farther S., and Arch, Race, and Vine, N. of Market, are leading and wealthy streets. Third St. is the banking and finan- cial centre. The principal drives are through Faimiount Park, and out Uroad St. toward Germantown. Ol^lccts tf ABti^Mriai iatfffst. — Philadel|>hia is |)e(!uliarly rich in relics of its early history. The oldext of these is the Old Swedee' Church (in Swanson St., below dhristian), which was built in 1700, to take the place of a log structure erected in I ((77. It is of brick, and is still regularly used. Surrounding the church is a ceme- tery, in which gravestones dating from 1700 may be seen. Penn't Cottage, a little two-story brick house, stands on Letitia St., a few doors S. of Market ; it was built for Penn before his arrival in the settlement, and curiously enough has withstood the march of improvement that has swept away so many more pretentions structures. A few steps from this, on the S. W. cor. of Front and Market Streets, stands a small brick house, now used as n tobacco-shop ; a hundred years ago it was the celebrated " London Cofi'ee-IIouse," frequented by the magnates of the city. It was built in 1 702. Treaty Monument, a simple obelisk upon a granite jjcdestal, cor. Beach and Hanover streets (Kensington), marks the site of the old elm-tree under which Penn made his memorable treaty with the Indians. The tree was blown down in 1810. Christ Chirch (Episcopal), in 2d St., near Market, was begun in 1727, and is still a fine building and in perfect preservation. Its steeple is lOA ft. high, and contains the oldest chime of bells in America. Two services are h«.'ltl in the church on Sun- day, and it is open for prayers on Wednesdays and Fridays, at 11 a. m., at which times it may be visited. On the S. side of Chestnut St., between 8d and 4th, nar- row court leads to Carpen- t«r>8 Hall, where assembled the first Congress of the United Colonies. It is a plain two-story brick build- ing, surmounted by a cupola. The most interesting object in Philadelpliia is ladepea* dfBM Han, in Chestnut St., between 6th and 6th. It was comme iced in 1729 and completed in 1736, at a cost of £6,600. In tlie E. room (Independence Hall proper) the Continental Congress met, and here on the 4t1i of July, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was adopt- ed and publicly procloimed from the steps on the same day. The room presents the same appearance now as it did at^bat time ; the furniture is that used by Congress, there are a statue of Washingtmi, numerous portraits and pictures, 'and many curious Revolution- t * «*^53BEr |][^3^iSiS5S >,--ijj^«^!tfe*-- ; ae HAND-BOUK OF AMERICAN CITIES. ary roltcn. Here also Ih preserved the old "Liberty Bell," the first bell rung in the United KtiiteH after the naHHafte of the Declaration. In Con^resB Hall, in the itecond Htory, Wnshinitton delivered his farewell address. Visitors are admitted between \. m. and 4 i>. m. daily. The 8nperinteiident will, on application, furnish tickets adiiiittin« tlio bearers to the steeple, from which a tine panoramic view of the city may l>t> had. On the sidewalk in front of the Hall stands Bailley's statue of Washington. Hulttheimer^t New Home, where Joftorson penned the Declaration of Independence, is still standinfr at the S. W. corner of Market and 7th Streets. Franklin's Orme is at the 8. E. corner of Arch and 6th streets. Iron railing t have been oubstitutod for tiie brick wall of the cemetery opposite the (irave, so that the visitor mwj look in. No. 289 Arch St. is noticeable as the place where the first Aii:erican Huk was made. Pibllr aad PrtHlnrnt Billdlnp.— The Pott- Office, a plain white marble building, is in Chestnut 8t. bt'low 5th. A very largo neiv buildmg for this purpose is in pro- cess of construction at the cor. of 9tli and Chestnut Streets. It is to be of granite in the French Renaissance style, four stories high, with an iron dome. The new Puhlie Buildings (for law-courts an specimens in all. A new and extensive building for the Academy, of serpentim^ PHILADKLPHIA. M d [..oouiit Ht., il brink with 102 ft. deep mllerieii, and ard of 8,(M)0 w'n Arfh St. Otii, liwt a nut St. The- Tlie I'hett- Htnut above 'eiifrtil The- 8tli. Negro aru ^iveii at liou»f (lltb mouD ft Slo- \\ St. above Theattf ( Va- abovo lOtli ; tbc cor. 9th itertaininents ltd Hall, Lo- J at Concert 12tli; alno Ilartieultural t 8t8., Ujlie ul diHplays of I, ft*. — The Monietimes rary, founded nhers of the \if\s b a mar- n^rbaiii. The (s*, and works The "RldK- uare bounded the late Dr. est structure* nd a depth of and, besides n'ill offer the 0th 8t. above , The build- I A. M. to 10 AH 20,000 vol- B. The Athe- iiins a library »' Library, in in 8. 7th St., )8 in different s: admission, ontains 36,000 logy, geology. collection of its of Geologv krd of 250,000 of serpentina xtono' trimmed with Ohio undstonc, in the collegiate Oothie ntyle, is in course of trt-otion on the corner of l«th and Race Streets. The fVanHin Inntitute, 7th 8t., aliove ('hestnut, is designed to promote the mechanic and useful arts. It has a lilinirv of 7,noo volumes, a reading-room, and maintains courses of lectures on dif- ferent l)ranclK's of s<'ionce. Strangers adniittctl on application to the Secretary. Tlic IIMorieal Society of Peiiintyhtinia (open from 10 a. m. to 5 i*. m.) is at H20 Spruce St. lis library (containing Ifi.OOO Ixioks, 4(i,(H)0 pamphlets, and 20,IHI0 folios of MSS.) is particularly rich in local and family histories; and there are many in- IcrcHting relics. The Ainerieitn PhiloHophieal Society, 6th St., below C'liestnut, has M library of IA.ihm) books anecatur, and in the steeple a chime of bells. Other Episcopal churches notable for their fine architecture arc St. Mark'*, in the later or English-Gothic style, cor. 16t!i and Ix)cnst; the Holy Trinity, in the Norman style, cor. 19th and Walnut; the Church of the Incarnation, of granite and Pictou stone, Broad St., cor. of Jef- ferson; St. Stephen^*, pure Gothic, on 4th St., below Market; and St, Andrew^*, Htli St., near Spruce, a fine specimen of the Qrecian- Ionic style. The new Beth- Kilen Bnptiit Church at the comer of Broad and Spruce Streets is a beautiful build- i u g. The ]Y cut Arch St. Church (I'resbyteri- tin) is a very handsome and spaciou < structure in the Roman- Corinthian style; and the •Second Pret- hyterian{2\iii and Walnut Sts.), the Cal- rnry (in Lo- cust St.), and the Wathing- t«n Square (Presbyteri- „ . ,. , » . . an), are fine Univenlty of Penn»ylv«.U. buildings in various styles. The Central Cwigregational, 18th and Green Sts., is a handsome structure in the Norman style. At the intersection of Broad 5t&'JitofaS- i mr 80 HAND-BUOK OK AMERICAN OITIKH. anil Arrh AtreetH i* a climtKr of Hiiu chnrcliuH: the Areh St. M^thodUt, n( white iiiurlilc; tiio Fir»t /hi'tut, of l>rown-»t(»iH> ; urid ilio Luthmm Churfh, it( if rten Muriit'iitinu, in tliu Outliic Htylu. On Hroml St., noiir (irovrt, ii« tliu Sffmigogur, « ImnilNDniu tlioii^tli |ii>ciiliiir NtriK'tnrc iit' tlio HuniCKnic oriliT. Anions tnu inuutinK- hoiiNfs lit' till' Krii(riilM, that (iii tlio coniur of Arch anil 4th StM. Im hcitt wnrth ii viNlt, Miratlaul Md CharlUMfi UiitllBtiM*. -Thu I'nhiniiti/ t\f /'f unity I run in (xciiiiieii a group of new iind liuiidHonio liiiihiinxM near ilHth aiil Lui'tixt Mtri-ctM, in Wext I'hila- iloipiiiik. It Im OIK) ot'thit oliluNt iiiNtltiitionx ot' tlio kiiiil ill tli« coiiiitr^r, having houn I'oiindiMl an an aciuiciiiy in 1741), i>ri><^tud into n lollt-Kf in I70A, nn-.l into a univ«ir'artiiiuntM ; and in W4-'71S had M inittriictorH and hiio HtiiduiitH. ItN jihrury niiinlierN Ih.ihk) vuliiniux; in tliu dupartiiiunt ot' hcIuikm tlicrc uru a coiluctioii of Aiiiurican foMNiU und u iiiinvruloKical cuhinut containinK lll,*)<)ll H|>fciiiiciiH; and Hic niodicHJ doiiart- niunt liiiH a valiiahio iiiuhoiiiii and cnhinetM. tllrard i'allritr U Nitimtixl on UUlffvi Ave., ahout 2 111. in a N. W. direiition from the Stato-lloiiHo. It wai« foiiiidt'd hy Stephen Oinrd, u native of France, who died in Ih:)I. He liuqueathed l|'2,00<),tKM) for the piiriJOHe of ere(^tin|,( Hiiitahle buildiiiKH " for tho gratiiitoiiK inMtriii'tion and Hiipiiort «>f (leHtitiitu orphaim ; " and the inittltution Ih Hiipported hy the Income of the reMlduo of IiIh extitte after tlie payment of ccrtnin leKueieM. On Dec. 1)1, 1H74, the eHtate Hinotinted to Itt, l()4,)H(l'i.2'2. The mte of tlie college-Kroundx, einhracing 42 acreo, Ih on tlie Diiiiimit of a tilope (onimanding a tino view. The oentral or college building is 218 tl. long, 100 wide, and 1)7 high, and Ih a nuhle iiiarhle Htructiire of the Corin- thian order. The roof coni- iiiandHa wide view of the city. In tli^ room in the building known as "(Jirard's room " are preHcrved the I) o o k M and pordonnl ef- fectH of the founder. A statue of Gl- rard HtandH at the foot of the grand stair- way, and un- derneath the statue he is buried. The grounds contain a monument to the graduates of the college who fell in the civil war. Permits to visit the college may be obtained at the principal hotels, of the Secretary, or of the Directors. Clergymen are not admitted. Other leading edu- cational institutions are the Wagner Free Inntitute of Science, cor, 17th St. and Montgomery Ave. ; the Jefferton Medical College, 10th St., near Chestnnt; the Col- lege of Physieinm, cor. Locust and 18th Streets; the Hahnemann Medical College, Filbert St., near 11th; and the Polytechnic College, West Penn Square, near Mar- ket St. Of the charitable institutions, those best worth a visit are the Bleckley Alas- hMM (take Walnut St. cars to 84th St. ; tickets of admission at 42 N. 7th St.), an immense structure, consisting of four main buildings, each 600 ft. front, covering nnd inclosing about 10 acres of ground ; the Blind Atylum, cor. 20th and Race Hts., which is not an asylum but a school, in which the unfortunate persons for Olrsrd Collefro, ut, of whlt«« rcA, of Kreen tlut MiuulinK- r'ortll II ViNit. r) orciljtieil a \Vn«t Pliiln- liaviiiK l)i>en a univfr^ity KpurtinvntM ; iilivrM IH,(i(H) riciin foMMilM licrtl (loiiiirt- KIiIkk Ave., I \>y Hte|ilion ,(100 for the n anil Htipiiort of the rcHiiliio 74, the eMtuto Hc 4*2 iicroa, la \U-\tti buiidinif of ihu Corin- thian order. Th« roof com- iiiandHu wide view of tiie i-lty. In th^ room in the t> II i 1 d i n K l( n o w n H 8 "(Jirard'g room " arc preHorved the bookH and per8onal ef- fectH of tlie founder. A Btatiio of Gi- rard Htandx at tliefootofthe ttrand utair- wuy, and un- derneath the ntatiio he i8 l)iiricd. Tlie lit in the civil I hotels, of the >r leading eda- , 17th St. and tnnt; the Col- 'edieiil College, are, near Mar- VhtUtj UtM- N. 7th St.), an Tont, covering 20th and Race tte persoDB for PniLADBLrillA. •1 uhoiwi l>«>ni*flt it waH foimdod are inatriicted in uwfiil tradux. In mimic, and in tlie ii'r<\f ami Ihimh, cor. Kroad and I'ine alcketM at Lrdijer otticu); the Praa*ylTMla HotpIUI tn the Iimm, llavci'ford Koad, W. I'liiladolplila (take Market Ht. carit ; tIcketM at L«< nuty, lieing well vooded and having a great variety of Hurface ; hut itH heaiity ia that of the rural reHort rather than of the city park, art, other than that of landiicape-gar- dcniiig, having iih yet done little tor it. Tl \ 'iiain entrance to the iiark in at ita lower end, and ia reached hy horHe-cara from all parta of the city. Juat inaide, on the r. ia Fairnioiint Hill, on the aiimmit of which are the 4 reaervoira of tlie Schuyl- kill Water-Worka which aiiiiply the greater portion of the city with water. The reservoira cover an urea ot over aix iicren, have a capin-ity of nearly 27,000,000 galla., and are aurrounded hy a beautiful graveled walk, from which may be had a tine view of the city. The power necoasary for forcing the water into the reaervoira is ohttiined by u dam (1,(100 ft. long) itcroaa the Schuylkill ; and l>y meana of v.hoeli moved by the water, which work foreing-piimpH, the water of the river ia raiaed to tiiu top of the " mount." The group of hulldinga containing the machinery lie Juat ill front of the viaitor aa he entera tlie park. The groiinda around them contain si'veral foiintaina and pieces of atatiiary ; and N. of the reaervoira ia a amall flre- proof art gallery, containing among other notewortliv picturea Rotherinora " Uattle of (iettyaifurg," Weat'a " Chriat liejocted by the Jewiali People," and I'auwel'H >:reat allegorical painting of the " New Kepublic." Beyond thia point ia an open plaza, aiirruunded l>y Hower-heda and ahrubbery, and containing Randolph Rogera'a ioloxaal bronze atatuo of Abraham Lincoln; and beyond thia atill ia Lemon Hill, on the aiimmit of wliicli is the manaiim (now used aa a reataurant) in which Roliert Morris lived during the Revolutionary War. The principal points of interest in the park, licaides those we have mentioned, are Sedgeley Hill, a little above Lemon Hill on the carriage-road ; the Solitude, a villa built in 1786 by John Penn, grand- son of William Penn ; the Zoological Garden*, containing a tine asaortment of American and European animala (admission 2fic. for adults and 10c. for chihlren); lleorge'e Hill, and the Belmont Mantion (now a restaurant), from both of which there are noblo views ; Belmont Glen, a pictures<|ue ravine ; the various bridges across the Scliuylkill River; and the romantic drive up the Wiasnhickon. (See also " (centennial Exposition," page 82.) Park-carriages, starting from the Fairmount entrance, traverse the moat interesting portions of the park (60c. for the round trip). Carriages may also be hired for 11.60 per hour. Logan Square, 18th St. between Race and Vine, contains 7 acres, neatly laid out and beautifully shaded; the Sanitary Fair was held here in June, 1864, and the great Roman Catholic Cathedral fronts the square. Independence Square, in the rear of Independence Hall, is inclosed by a solid brick wall, and contains some iiiajostic trees. It was within this inclosnre that the Declaration of Independence was first publicly read, July 4, 1776. Washington Square, diagonally opposite In- dependence Square, is surrounded by a handsome iron railing with 4 principal en- trances, and is admirably kept. It is celebrated for containing every (or nearly* every) tree that will grow in this climate, whether indigenous or not. There is a map of the square showing the position of each tree. Franklin Square, at 6th and Race Streets, is an attractive promenade, with a fountain in its centre, surrounded 32 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. r [ ■ !i by a marble basin, and adorned with a great variety of trees. Rittenhou»e Square, at 18th and Walnut Streets, is in the aristocratic quarter of the city, and is bordered by elogant private residences. MlsctlUnroas Plarcs of Intrrest. — Philadelphia boasts of more beautiful cemeteries than any other city in the country. The principal one is Ijiirrl Hill, established in 1835, occupying a slope on the E. bank of the Schuylkill, fi(ljoinirig the upper part of Frtirmount Park ; it embraces nearly 200 acres and is divided into North, South, and CV'ntral Laurel Hill. It contains many fine monuments ; but the dis- tinjtuishinf? feature of the cemetery is its unique garden landscape, and the profusion of beautiful trees, shrubs, and flowers, which adorn it. Among the former are some cedars of Lebanon, the first which l)ore fruit in the United Stiites. Admission every day, except Sunday, from 9 o'clock till sunset. Glenwood (21 acres) is prettily situated on the ridge which divides the waters fiowing into the Delaware from those flowing into the Schuylkill (reached by Ridge Ave. cars). Monument Cemetery (Broad St. opposite Bei-ks), Mount Vernon (nearly opi)08ite Laurel Hill), and Wood- lands (Darby Road, West Philadelphia, reached by Darby cars), are all worth a visit. The latter contains the Drexel mausoleum, the finest in America. The United' Stittes Many- Yard is located on the Delaware at the foot of Federal St., and incloses about 12 acres. It contains extensive workshojjs, ducks, and arsenals, barracks and artillery-parks, and a sectional floating-dock, built in 1860, at a cost of $1,000,000. At one of the docks is the frigate Constitution (" Old Iron- sides "), the most renowned vessel of the American Navy. This yard will be sold as soon as League Inland (lying in the Delaware at the foot of Broad St.) is ready for occupancy. League Island, a low tract of land (600 acres) at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill, was presented by the city to the V. S. Government on condition of its being converted into a great naval depot. Comparatively little work has yet been done on it, but a fleet of monitors and iron-clads is usually anchored in the " Back Channel," which separates the island from the mainland. Centennial Exposition of 1876. — The Exhibition Buildings are located in Fairmount Park at the head of Girard Ave., which leads directly from the heart of the city to the main entrance. The grounds set apart for them embrace 236 acres, stretching 8. E. from the foot of George's Hill to the Scliuylkill River, and are beautifully laid out. The arrangements for conveying visitors' to an 1 from the grounds are very complete. The Pennsylvania and Reading Railroads each have an immense depot directly adjoining the grounds ; and as the tracks of these roads connect with every other line entering Philadelphia, visitors arriving by rail, from whatever quarter, are landed at the gates without change of cars. All the leading lines of horse-cars have termini at the entrance and afford an easy means of access from all pomts within the city. Besides the regular carriages, the Exhibition Transfer Co. '. ave light and elegant wagonettes, seating 10 passengers, which run between the depots and various points in the city and the Exhibition gronmls ^fare 50 c). In addition to these a line of steamboats runs from the water-works at Fairmount to Belmont landing, affording a pleasant route to the Exhibition. Witiiin the grounds, a nar- row-gauge dummy-railroad makes the circuit of the buildings, and carries visitors from one to the other (fare 6 c). The first of the buildings reached in coming from the city is the Main Exhibition Building; but the only point from wliich to obtain a comprehensive view of them all is from the summit of George's Hill, on the W. margin of the grounds, the point of view taken in the accompanying picture. The Main Building and Machinery Hall are in a line forming tiie soutiiern boundary; the others are dotted somewhat irregularly over the grounds, and present a very agreeable diversity of lines and angles. The central point is near the S. E. end of the U, S. Government Building, and here the principal walks intersect. The Main Building (in which are displayed the departments of Mining and Metallurgy, Manufactures, and Education and Science) is an immense parallelogram 1,876 ft. long and 464 ft. wide, covering an area of neaily 21J acres. The larger portion is one story high, the interior height being 70 ft., and the cornice on the outside 4d ft. from the ground. Towers, 75 ft. high, rise at each corner of the ^^3B enhoute Square, and is bordered itiful cemeteries HIM, established )iiii?iK the upper (led into Nortii, ta ; but tlie dis- nd the profusion former are some iVdmission every icres) is prettily iware from those nment Cemetery Hill), and Wood- are all worth a erica. e foot of Federal lops, docks, and ek, built in 1860, ition (" Old Iron- yard will be sold •oad St.) is ready ;be confluence of i. Government on [iiparatively little ii-clads is usually the mainland. ;ed in Fairniount eart of the city to ) acres, stretching re beautifully laid grounds are very an immense depot Dnnect with every whatever quarter, lines of horse-cars ess from all po'uts Transfer Co. ' ave etween the depots • c). In addition mount to Belmont he grounds, a nar- ind carries visitors e Main Exhibition sive view of them grounds, the point ig and Machinery dotted somewhat ersity of lines and ernment Building, its of Mining and ense parallelogram acres. The larger the cornice on the ach corner of the PHILADELPHIA. 83 Imilding; and in the centre tiie roof for a space 184 ft. square is raised above the surrounding pbrtion, and 4 towers 48 ft. square, rising to a height of 120 ft., are introduced into the comers of this elevated roof. At the centre of the longer sidea tire projections 41(i ft. in length, and at the ends projections ?,16 ft. in length. In tiu'se are locateproached by flights of blue marble steps, from terraces, in tiie centre of each of which is a small, open kiosque. Sur- roundin.f the building are 35 acres of ground devoted to horticultural purposes. Agricultural Hall stands N. of tlie Horticultural Building, from which it is sep- arated by a romintic ravine crossed by a bridge. It consists of a nave 820 ft. long, crossed at right angles by three transepts, each 540 ft. long. The framework of nave and transepts is a succession of slight and extremely pointed Gothic arches of wood. The interior resembles that of an immense Gothic cathedral, and in looking from transept to transept the view is very imposing. Of the miiibellaneous buildings the most noticeable is the Wometi^g Pavilion, II from which e is a colossal 8 of the 4 cor- Tlie friez* c is on the S. igh and 18 ft. wide, opening into a hall. Between the arches of the doorways are clusters of col- umns termina- ting in em- blomntio de- signs illustra- tive of Science and Art. The doors are of iron, relieved liy bronze pan- els, displaying tlie coats of arms of all the States and Territories. On each front of the building These, in turn, om the E. and wide, and 85 89 tt. long and sting with the ere are also a n is a window aintings. This >,000 8q. ft. of I a large brick mce N. of Me- of the lantern, iron and glass, hrome frescoes of contour and ober Ime of the hicli is flanked ng plants, cov- :he exterior of )f blue marble kiosque. Sur- I purposes, ivhich it is sep- ve 820 ft. long, framework of >thic arches of and in looking n«»'« Pmilion, BALTIVORB. 8ft which faces Belmont Ave. N. of Machinery Hall. It is of wood, and consists of two nnves (each 192 ft. long and 04 ft. wide) intersecting each other at right angles. In it is exhibited '* everything women make that is worth showing." W. of this is the If. S. Government Building, a cruciform wooden structure with a glass dom6. The portions occupied by the different departments are indicated by the decorations on tlie adjacent walls. Near the main entrance on Elm Ave. is the Jury Pavilion, an ornate two-story structure, which contains, besides numerous small chambers for tlie use of the International Juries, a spacious hall suitable for receptions, banquets, etc. In addition to all these, numerous special buildings have been erected by the various States, by foreign nations, and by private enterprise. There are 6 large rostuurants within the inclosure, besides from 2 to 4 bufl'ets in each of the Exhibi- tion buildings. The grounds are adorned with a number of fountains and statues, and contain 7 m. of roads and foot-paths, and quite a number of bridges, summer- liuuses, etc. PHnJLDBLPHXA TO BALTIMORB. ( r■ superb view of the city and harbor. Wuhtngton Honnmeiit. 40 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. Patterton ParJc, at the E. end of Baltimore St., embraoen 70 acres, pleaHantly laitf out, and ooniinacds extensive views in every direction. In the park may be Heen remains of eurtliworl^>:ilding 362 ft. hmg and 121 ft. deep, and two wings, or extensions, each 288 by l40 ft. Its whole length is 761 ft. 4 in., and the area cov- ered rather more than 8^ acres. The material of the central building is a light- yellow freestone (painted white), but the extensions are pure white marble. The surrounding grounds, which are beautifully cultivated and oml)ellished with fonn- tains and statuary, embrace about 80 acres and are known as East and West ■ All public bulldingH, including tlie Ciipitol and tlie severnl Departraentfi, ore open to the public every day (except Sundays) tnim 9 a. m. to 8 p. m,, and oloood at most other times. No ti*eA are asked or expected for Hhowing them. Ha^KluBMi^Haaa 42 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. UroandH. Tho main front Ih toward the E. and ia adorned with three ((rand porti- ooea of C'orintliiun rohininH, Uii tlie Ktepn of the rentral portico are itronpii of Htataary by t'orHico and Oreenoii^h ; and on tlie ^roundii in tVont of it Ih (ireen- ough'H coloHaal atatuu of WaHhington. CuIohhiiI marble Htiituca of IVace and War Th« Capitol. are on tlio r. and I. of the entrance ; and over tlie doorway is a bass-relief of Fame and Peace crowning Washington with laurel. The W. front projects 88 ft., and i^ embellished with a recessed portico of 10 columnti. This front, though not so imposing architecturally as the eautern, commands a fine view of the central and western portions of the city and of all tho principal ]>ublic buildings. The Bronte JJoor, which forms tho entrance to the Rotunda from the E. portico, is worth atten- tion. It was designed by Randolph Rogers, cast by Von llttller at Munich, is 17 feet high and 9 ft. wide, weighs 20,000 lbs., and cost $80,000. The work is \nnlto- rilievo, and commemorates the history of Columbus and the discovery of America. Each of the 8 panels contains a scene in the life of the great discoverer ; and the statuettes, 16 in number, between the panels and on the sides of the door, represent the eminent contemjioraries of Columbus. There are also bronze doors. at th& entrance to the Senate wing, designed by Crawford, who died before they were completed. They were finished by Rinehort, of Haltimore. The Botunda is 96 ft. in diameter and 180 ft. high. It contains 8 large pictures, illustrating scenes in American history, (tainted for the Government by native artists. Four of them are by Trumbull, namely, "The Declaration of Independence," "The Surrender of General Burgoyne," " The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis," and " General Washing- ton resigning his Commission." The others are "The Landing of Columbus," by J. Vanderlyn; "The Discovery of the Missiissippi by De Soto," by W. 11. Powell; "The Haptism of Pocahontas," by John 6. Chapman; and "The Embarkation of the Pilgrims," by R. W. Weir. In the panels over the 4 entrances to the Rotunda are aUo-rilievo$ in stone, representing " Penn's Treaty with the Indians " (N.), the " Landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth " (E,), the " Conflict of Daniel Boone with the Indians" (S.), and the "Rescue of Captain John Smith by Pocahontas" (W.V The floor is of freestone, supported by arches of brick, resting upon two concentric peristyles of Doric columns in the crypt below. The Dome rises over the Rotunda in the centre of the Capitol, and is the most imposing feature of the vast pile. The to Krand porti- ] are irroiipii of of it Ih (ireen- Vace and War M-relief of Fam^ ?tf* 88 ft., and i» '., thonfili not so the centrni and igB. The Bronte o, w wortli ntten- at Munich, iH 17 e work is in ^Ito- very of America, overer ; and the e door, represent ze doors. at the ■jcfore they were h'otiinda h 96 ft. ttrnting scenes in Four of them are )ie Surrender of ieneral Washing- Uolumbns," by J. r W. H. Powell; Embarkation of s to the Rotunda idians " (N.), the iniel Doone with )cahontaB" (VI X a two concentric >ver the Rotunda e vast pile. The WA8HINUT0N. 4S interior ineaHureN »H (l. in diameter, and 380 ft. tr<. m tlie tioor to tlie ceiling. Ex- Ifrnally it is llinj tt. in diameter, and rises 241 ft. uImivc tlie r«Nif of the main liuild- intr, !<07^ ft. ahovi- the base-line of tliu building, and 1*77 ft. above low tide. V'iiiitoni Mho'ild not fail to make the ascent of tlie l>omi>. A N|iiral stairway liKtwcen tho outer and inner hIicIIs (diverging to the I. from the corridor oiitMitle the N. door of the Rotunda) att'iirds easy access, and gives a favorable opportunity for inspecting from dilferent points of view tho fres<'o-painting on the canopy overlicad. This is the work of Hruinieaker is a full-length portrait of I.afayette, and to tlie r. a fnil-length portrait of Washington by Vanderlyn. The Strangers' Gallery (reached by two grand marble stairways) extends entirely round the hall ; the space not specially appropriated for the use of the diplomatic corps and the reporters for the press is open to visitors. The fipmher'n Room, immediately in rear of his desk, is a richly-decorated apartment. From tho S. lobby of the Hall two stairways descend to the basement, where are located the Refectory and committee-rooms. The room of the Committse on Agriculture will repay a visit ; the walls and ceiling are painted in fresco by Brumidi. — The Senate Vhamher, reached by the corridor leading N. A-om the Rotunda, is somewhat smaller than the Hall of P'^presenta- tives, being 118i ft. long, 80} ft. wide, and 86 ft. high. If is very tastefully fitted up. The visitors' galleries are reached by marble stairwa. « s, which are among the most striking architectural features of the Capitol. The President's and Vice- President's Rooms, the Senators' Retiring-Room, the Reception-Room, and the Senate Post-OfHoe, are beautiful chambers. The Marble Boom is particularly chaste ^%M^i"- :t/j'>nti-r it. TiiM Vii'i'-i'roMiiliMirN Koiiin ciiiitiiliiN Itftnlintiiiit IVuIo'n portrnit of WuHlilnirton. in tiit- liiii*eiiK>iit of tlio Sfuntf Ivxtt-iiHioii iM'o<-oiiimi(U-«t-rouinN, riohly friHcoi'ij iiikI funrMlicil, uii'l tlio rorritlorH iiri> f\i|ui»itt'iv |miiiU>(i. — 'l'\w Siinrftne- (Idiirt li'oiim. (loimcilv tlu« Sciiatc-Clmiiilifr) in rcuclioil lijr tlm corridor loiMliiin N. frotii till' Itoi inula, it \n It Hi'iiiii-irciiiur ii|>nrtiiiciit, 7f> ft. i ft. Iiixii, deco- riktitd witli rirli loiil)' coliiriinH of {'otoiiiut' iiuirlilt', utui with l< '•Ih of tliv former ('liK*l'--liiHtli'('x. \'i4itor4 lire iiiliiiltti'd duriii)r tliu MtHNiniiH of tiio (.'oiirt (October to Muy, I'i to I c. M.i. I iidci'ricatli tlic room i^ the u|>artiiiciit formerly o«-cn|ii«d hy thii Ooiirt and now dcvotid to the !,aw Ijlirmy CIO.OOII voliiiii"'*). — The Library of t'tiiij/rf" in readied iiv liiu corridor from the W. door of the Uotiiiida. It occiipien tlie entire W. |iri>je(rtioii of tlie ('aiiitol; llie main room in til ft. ion^ ntid :t4 ft. wide, relied witli iron, and lltted u|i with tire pnad' cuMeH. The Lihrnry wux founded ill jsiio; wiiH liiiriieartiitlly liuriied in IHni ; mid wi'iit into its present rooiim in Ih.'iM. 'I'lie coile(^tion, which iHthe larxuHt in the L'nited States, now niiriiherit nearly :i(iii.n(M) volnmeM, oxcliiHive of |iain|ihietM, and Ih InereaHiii); at tlie rate of I(),y visitors, ImiI not taken away (open Iroin 10 a. m. to 4 v. m.). — The linht- ini;, heating', and ventilating apparatiiM of the House and Henate ChimiherH aro worthy of not lie. 'I'lie KurtolWf Mmidim (usually cnlled the "White House") is in I'ennsylvania \vi., I J m. VV. of the Cajiitol. It in of I'reestone, painted white, 170 ft. lonn anil Htl ft. deep, two HtorieH liixli, and was modeled after the )ialaeo of the Dnku of Leinsler. It was huilt in 171)2 hut was ho much injured during file occupation of the city iiy the Mrit- isli in IHl4tha; extensive repairs were foynd necessary ; these were made in I S I ;■), The N. front lian a deep portico ornamented with 10 lonio coluinns; iiinler tliis, carriages drive to depoHit Potomac front has a circular colonnade of (I Ionic columns. The (oji-'U ilaiiy from (t a. m. to :t v. m.) is the i^rand parlor of tlie PrcHi- dent. It is ii line cliamher, HO 1't. lonj?, 4(» ft, wide, and 20 ft. hi);h, richly decorated and fiirnislied. Tiie Kliie, lied, and (ireeii Hooms are on the same tloor, and are elegant in their appointnientH. The Executive OtHce and the Cabinet Room are on the 2d tloor, as are also the private apartments of the family, S. of the Mansion it* a pleasant park, tastefully laid out: in tlie centre of tl.j luwn is a bronze stalue of •Tetferson ; on the W. are extensive conservatories. Tlie I'. 8. Treasary is Just E. of the Wliito Mouse, at the cor. of Pennsylvania Ave. and 15th St. (open to visitors from 9 a. m. to 2 i*. m,). It is the finest huilding for the purpose in the world. The E. front has an unhroken Ionic colonnade, 342 ft. lonir, modeled after tliut of the temple of Minerva at Athens. It was the first part huilt, and w^iis commenced in lR8fi. The extension was begun in 1855, from designs by Walter, tlie architect of the Capitol extension. The extension flunks the (dd build- ing at each end witli massive fronts, and the entire edifice is 582 ft. long by 800 ft. wide, and cost $0,000,000. Tlie material of the old building is brown sandstone, painted ; tliat of the extension is solid Dix Island granite. The W. front has side porticoes, and a grand central entrance with K monolithic colnmns of enormous size. The N, and 8. fronts are alike, and are adorned with stately porticoes. The building contains about 200 rooms, of which the finest is the Cash Room, extending through The stories and lined throughout with rich marbles in decorative combinations, two Oold Room, in which there is usually about $10,000,000 in gold coin, may he se*n iiiurh 'Wllltl' 'HUM'," visitors. Tin " East Kooni Tl Whit. and o partm of aw . irats (0(^0 storii will ocou| maps wIdk vUitorH H portrHit of rooiiiH, richly '\'\w Siittrtm*- lor IcftiliiiK N. I, lilxlii - if tlif foniier rt (( )ctob»'r ti«|ii-0Hfiituti<>n iti y. It i* iiImo liu rciul ii) tliu .).— The linht- )ir(* iiru worthy I IVnnMylvanltt ('i)|iito1. It m lite, 170 ft. lon« orluft liiKhi and L> pnlace of the t was built in I injiirud during ity' by the Mrit- ive ropuirH wore w<.ortico lunic coliiiiinn; Irivo to di'poHit columns. The or of the IVeni- richly decorated floor, and are let Room are on ' the MauHion Ih bronze Htaliie of innsylvania Ave. building for the ttde, 342 ft. lonii, 9 firHt part built, from dfsiftnM by Ic4 the old build- . lonK by 800 ft. rown BandHtone, f. front haa side f enormous size. s. The building tendinis through '& combinations, ■old coin, may be WAHHINUTOK. a Hcen by |M»nnit from tb«« Tro«»ur«T. The corridors are ornamented with colored marblew, and the sluirwayN are iiiipoHinK- Tr<'ii»iir) l><'|>iirtini'Mt. The War mid Xnri/ lJri>iirtmfnti> are plain briik buildinnH in 17th St., W. of the Whit)' IliMiHc, with nothing but thoir size to invite attention. A collection of flag* and other trophies, capturei Patents. ce, is an imposing tyle. It is 300 ft. va» commenced in finished in 1865. , The City Post- iper portion is ap- The Dead-Letter is situated on (he n the Renaissance ntains a library, a of plants), and an main building are 8 sight. N. of the ital Gardenj. The e Capitol (entrance Committee of Con- rvatories belonging •8. otomao (at the foot Georgetown. The lost institutions ot icluding the largest 1 works. Strangers t the telescope and e, the headquarters . The instruments lie Office is in an old d 18tli St. It pre- ands on Greenleaf s anch. The present [ vast stores of arms ie park of artillery, WASHINGTON. 47 containing nearly 1,000 cannon of all sizes and descriptions. In front of the old bar- racks is atrophy-battery, containing British, French, Mexican, and Confederate guns, captured in battle. The Ordnance Museum is on the 2d floor of Winder's Building, cor. F and 17th Sts. It contains captured battle-flags, cannon and small-arms, am- munition of all kinds, uniforms and military equipments, trophies, and models of field and fortress artillery in position, and of fortifications. The NfeTy-Yard is situated on the Eastern Branch, about 1^ m. S. £. of the Capitol. It has an area of 27 acres, inclosed by a substantial brick wall, and entered by a portal designed by Latrobe. Within the inclosure, besides homes for the officers, are shops and warehouses, 2 large sb'p-houses, and an armory — which, like the rest of the establishment, is kept iu tiie rmest order. Upon entering, the visitor is re- quired to register his name at the office, after which he can ramble tiirough the l)uildings at his leisure, under the escort of a guide. He should not fail to inspect the ordnance-foundery and shops where the manufacture of guns, shot, and shells, is usually going on. Leaving the Foundery he should go to the Museum, where there IS an interesting collection of fire-arms, warlike munitions, and relics. At other points in the yard are collections of guns and other trophies, captured during war or otherwise ac<|uired. An interesting feature is the Lxperimental Battery, where experiments in the science of naval gunnery are carried on ; and still another promi- nent object is tlie fieet, including several Monitors, Torpedo-Boats, and Iron-clads. — Two squares N. of the Navy- Yard are the Marine BarraeJu, the headquarters of the U. 8. Marine Corps ; and in the immediate vicinity of the same is the Marine Hospital, for sick and disabled sailors. t"- , ^ WashlagtKii MMnrait — This monument, which was to have hi en the loftiest and finest in the world, is, in its present unfinished state, rather a b^c nish than an orna- ment to the city. The design contemplated a shaft 600 ft. high, Vr'Uh an ornamented base, modeled after the Pantheon at Rome, 250 ft. in diameter and 100 ft. high, to be surrounded by a colonnade of 80 Doric columns, with suitable entablature and balustrade. Within the base or " Temple," statues of Revolutionary heroes and relics of Washington were to have been placed, and the whole interior elaborately adorned with finely-carved stones sent by the different States, by foreign govern- ments, and by societies. Many of these blocks are beautiful specimens, worthy of inspection ; they are contained in 3 shed near the structure. The monument is now 174 ft. high anu has cost |280,000. It is doubtful whether it will ever be com- pleted, as $1,200,000 are n?"essary to do so. It is proposed to demolish it and con- struct a grand triumphal arch from the materials (located on the W. end of the Mall, above 14th St.). — Mill's colossal equestrian Statue of Washington stands within the circli formed by the junction of Pennsylvania and New Hampshire Aves. and 28d and K Sts. The head and fpce of Washington are from a bust by Hondon, taken in Washington's lifetime, and are considered very natural. " The horse is represented as shrinking back before the destructive fire of the enemy [at the battle of Princeton], while the rider surveys the scene with the calmness and resolution which know no fear when honor and duty are at stake." H. K. Browne's colossal equestrian StatM ff GcMral SMtt, cast from captured Mexican cannon and completed in 1874 at a cost of $20,000, stands in Massachusetts Ave. above 14th St. It is a noble work. The pedestal is made of 5 enormous granite blocks, 2 of which are said to be the largest qt arried stones in the world, ex- cept those in the ancient walls of Jerusalem !"'i Raalbek. Tkettra mi PtaMS of AauMMit — The National Theatre, on £. St. near i4th, is the principal in the city, and has a good stock-company. Ford's Opera-House, 8th St. near Pennsylvania Ave., accommodates about 1,500 persons and produces comedy and melodrama. Lincoln Hall, cor. 9th and D Sts., is the finest in the city, and the one generally used for concerts, lectures, readings, etc. In Mneonie Hall (F and 9th Sts.) public parties and balls are frequently given. Odd-Fellows' Hall is in 7th St., between D and £; Willard's Hall in F St. near 14th; and Meteerott Hall in Pennsylvania Ave. between 9tb and 10th Sts. Libraries, Art-GaHerici, etr. — The Library qf Congress has already been described {see p. 44). The excellent library and reading-r'ioms of the Young Men's Christian 48 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. Auoeiation (cor. 0th and D St8.)are open to viaitora from 9 a. m. to 10 i>. ii. The Wathingtou Library (in 11th St.) was incorporated in 1814, and numbers 15,000 volnmes. The Patent- Offlee Library is rich in scientific and uiechanicul works. At the oflioeM of tlio Washiii^ttun (^orr«Hi>ondeut8 of leading American new8|>apers (on Newspaper Kow near tiie cor. of 14th and F Sts.) tiles of newspapers are usu- ally accessible to the visitor. The CwtttfM Galkry of Art, at the cor. of Pennsvlvania Ave. and 17th 8t., is a large tire-proof brick and brown-stone building in tlie decorated Kenaiasance st^le. It was founded by W. W. Corcoran, the banker, wlio deeded it to :he peo- ple HI)'! presented it witli his superb private art-collection. It contains up- ward of 100 paintings, some of them lunsterpieces; a fine collection of casts and statuary, among the latter Hiram Powers'fl famous " Greek Slave ; " the richest collection of bronzes in Ameri- ca ; and specimens of brie-d-brae, i)or- celain, ami nu^jolica-ware. Admission free on Tues. M. The umbers 16,000 lanical works, in newspapers apers are usu- 17th St., is a iniattnnce 8t.)le. W. Corcoran, it to : he poo- th his superb It containH np- soine of them Uection of casts le hitter Fliram ek Slave ; " the )iizes in Ameri- iric-d-brtie, j>or- ire. Admission ■sdays, and Sat- 25 c. ithedral of St. olic), at the ''or. 3., is celebrated its choir. The is ]>lain, but its re very rich, the pecially worthy Mr'«, usually at- lic members of {oman Catholic) scopal), fronting sidents Madison, is in (t St., be- ., is an imposing ggg^ WASHINGTON, 49 t of Agriculture, easiest approach from Pennsylvania Ave. is by 7tb St.) litis noble institution was founded by James Smithson, an Englishman, "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." Tlio building was commenced in 1847 and completed soon after. It is 447 ft. lung by 160 wide, and has 9 towers ranging from 75 to 160 ft. in height. It contains a museum of natural history with numerous and valuable specimens, arranged in a series of sfiacions halls ; and metnllurgical, mineralogical, and ethno- logical collections, witli many curiosities. The grounds attached to the Insti- tution were laid ott by Downing, the eminent lands<-ape-gardener, to whose men.- ory a rich vase of Italian marble has been erected by the Pomological Society. Visitors are admitted to the Institution from 9 a. m. to 4 p. m. Columbian Uniter- itity, in 14th St. near the city limits, is a flourishing Baptist institution, with aca- demical, law, and medical departments. The buildings are finely situated on the crest of a hill commanding extensive views. Howard Unitenity is on the 7th St. Koad just beyond the city limits. It was founded in 1867 for the education of youth " without regard to sex or color," but its students, 700 in number, are nearly all negroes. The University building is a large structure of brick, painted white, situated on elevated ground, and surmounted by a tower from which there is a fine view of the city and its environs. The Louite Home, near the cor. of 17th St. and Massachusetts Ave., is an ele- gant building erected by Mr. W. W, Corcoran at a cost of f200,000 to afford a home to impoverished elderly huHes of education and good family. It is liberally endowed. The Soldiera' Home (fo*- disabled soldiers of the regular army) occupies an elevated plateau 8 m. N. of the city (reached by 7th St. horse-cars). It consists of several marble buildings in the Norman style, oi which the main one is 600 ft. long. A fine park of 600 acres surrounds the buildings. It has been the custom of the Presidents since Pierce's administration to occupy one of the smaller build- ings of the Home as a summer-resort, and here President Lincoln passed some of the last hours of his eventful term. N. of the Asylum grounds is one of the National Cemeteries, in which 6,424 soldiers are buried. The Asyhn 'or the IHUW (of the Army, Navy, an<' Dif ict of Columbia) occupies one of tke highest emi- nences '1 the vicinity 'WaBhington (reached by crossing the Navy-Yard bridge and ascending the heights beyond Union!: ^vn). The building is an immense struct- ure, 711 ft. long, in the collegiate Oothic s , and stands in grounds 400 acres in extent. The Columhia lnatit'"'''^/n for the j >'an(l Pvmh occupies the old J\' tu'ill Green estate N. E. ol" the city, ii iirniiL ;. istrui.ion lo botii sexes, an uji ^ a collegiate department. The inuin building ict a handsome specimen of Gothic u ...i- tecture. PiMic Spurts, Ceaeterics, etc. — The finest public square in the city in j/ette Square in Pennsylvania Ave. N. of the White House. It is laid out n / .ding paths and filled with trees and shrubbery. In the centre stands Ciu'^ Mills's bronze equestrian statue of General Jackson, cast from cannon taken by Jackson in his battles with the British and Spaniards. The statue is remarkable for its delicate balancing, which was effected by making the flanks and tail of the horse of solid metal. The Capitol Oroundt have already been described. Judiciary Square lies N. of the City Hall on 4J St. At the cor. of Connecticut Ave. and I St. is Farra- gut Square, which is soon to be adorned with a statue of Admiral Farragut. Baw- lin» Square is a pretty little inolosure on New York Ave. near 18th St. The CongreitBional Cemetery is about 1 ni. E. of the Capitol, near the Eastern Branch. Its situation is high, and commands fine views. It contains several mon- uments of interest, among which are those of George Clinton, Elbridge Gerry, Wil- liam Wirt, Mi^ior-General Macomb, M^or-General Jacob Brown, Commodore Chauncey, and Hon. A. P. Upshur. There are about 160 cenotaphs erected to the memory of Congressmen who have died during their term of service. Glenwood, a pleasant rural burying-ground, lies about 1 m. N. of the Capitol. Oak Hill Ceme- tery will be described in connection with Georgetown. — The celebrated Lm^g Bridge crosses the Potomac into Virginia from foot of 14th St. It is a shabby wooden structure about 1 m. long. Benning'i Bridge and Navy- Yard Bridge cross the Eastern Branch into Maryland. 50 HAND-BOOK OF AMBBICAN CITIES. flcwgctowi (Union Hotel) is an old and piotnresqne town, distant but 2 m. from the Capitol, and divided only by Kock Greeic from Washington City, with which it is connected by 4 bridges and 2 lines of horse-cars. The town is beautifully situ- ated on a range of tiills which command a view unsurpassed in the Potomac Valley. It was laid out in 1761 by act of tlie colonial government of Maryland, and was in- oorporated in 1789. It is the port of entry of the District, and a line of steamships plies between it and New Yorlc. One of the chief points of interest is Georgetown College, at tlie W. end of the town. This is an old institution of learning (founded in 1789 and incorporated as a university in 1815), and the most famous belonging to the Roman Catholic Cburch in the United States. It is under the contri of the Jesuits. The buildings are spacious, and contain a library of 30,000 volumes, among which are some extremely rare and curious boolcs, some beautifully illuminated missals, and some rare old MSS. ; an astronomical observatory; and a museum of natural history. In the rear of the college is a picturesque rural serpentine walk, commanding fine views. The Convent of the VUitation (in Fayette St. near the College) was founded in 1799, and is the oldest house of the order in America. It consists of several fine buildings in a park of 40 acres. Visitors admitted between 11 A. M. and 2 p. m. The Aqueduct, by which the waters of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal are carried across the Potomac, will repay inspection. It is 1,446 O.. long and 86 ft. high, with 9 granite piers, and cost $2,000,000. There is a carriage-way above the water-course. The canal extends 184 m. to Cumberland, Md., and cost $18,000,000. Oak HW CeaHery, on the N. E. slopes of the Heights, though con- taining but SO acres, is one of the most beautiful in the country. It contains an elegant Gothic chapel with stained-glass windows and completely overgrown with ivy ; the massive marble mausoleum of W. W. Corcoran ; and several notable mon- uments. Many eminent men are buried here, among them Secretary Stanton and Chief-Justice Chase. Arlligtw HMue, once the residence of George Washington Parke Custis, the last flurvivor but one of the Washington family, and later of Gen. Robert K. Lee, occu- pies a commanding position on the Virginia side of the Potomac, nearly opposite Georgetown. It stands more than 200 ft. above tide-water, and the view from the portico is among the best this part of the river affords. The lower rooms of the mansion are open to the public, but contain nothing of interest, the collection of pictures and relics having been removed. In the office of the Superintendent s register is kept for visitors, and a record of all who are buried in the National Cem- eteries now located on the place. Near the house, and bordering the drive ap- proaching from the S., are the graves of a number of officers who died during the war. Close by is a low, massive granite monument under which is a vault contain- ing the bones of 2,111 unknown soldiers, gathered after the war from the battle- fields between Bull Run and the Rappaiixannook. Near this is an amphitheatre with sittings for 6,030 persons, where are i^eld the annual services of Decoration- day. The graves of the white soldiers are W. of the house; those of the colored troops and refugees about j m. N. There are about 15,000 in all. In the eastern division of the first Cemetery, within a small inclosure, are the monuments of George Washington Parke Cnstis and his wife Mary L. Custis. Arlington may be reached by way of the Long Bridge, or by the Aqueduct Bridge from Georgetown. AlexMiriB is situated on the S. side of the Potomac 7 m. below Washington (reached by railroad, or by ferry-boats hourly from 7th St. wharf). It is a quaint old town, dating from 1748, and is intimately associated with the life and name of Washing- ton. In GhrUt Uhureh (cor. Washington and Cameron Sts.) the pew in wiiich he sat (No. 59) is an object of much interest. Pew No. 46 was occupied by General Robert E. Lee when he resided at Arlington before the war. The Museum, Oourt- House, Odd-Fellows' Hall, and Theological Seminary, are among the prominent buildings. On the outskirts of the city is a National Cemetery ic which nearly 4,000 soldiers are buried. MtHt VenM is 16 m. below Washington, on the Virginia side of the Potomac, and is reached by steamers which leave the 7th St. wharf daily at 10 a. m. (fare for the - round trip, including admission to the grounds, $1.60). The sail down the river ia NEW YORK TO ALBANY. 61 but 2 m. from with whicb it autiftally sitn- ;oraao Valley^ d, and was in- of steamships is Georgetown ning (founded IS belonging to oontr'I of the oluiiics, among ly illuniinntea knd a museum trpentine walk, tte St. near the America. It nitted between sapeake & Ohio 146 ft. long and a carriage-way 1, Md., and cost ts, though con- It contains an )vergrown with al notable mon- try Stanton and Cnstis, the last rt E. Lee, ocon- nearly opposite e view from the rer rooms of the ,he collection of Superintendent s e National Oem- ag the drive ap- died daring the a vault ooatain- from the battle- an amphitheatre IS of Decoration- e of the colored In the eastern i monuments of rlington may be m Georgetown, ihington (reached quaint old town, ime of Washing- pew in which he ipied by General Museum, Oourt- g the prominent ' in which nearly the Potomac, and , H. (fare for the own the river is •^clightAil, and affords excellent views of the conntry around Wa8hingt<.>n. Mount V^ernoL, then known as the "Hunting Creek estate," was bequeathed by Angaatine Washington, who died in 1748, to Lawrence Washington. The latter named it after Admiral Vernon, under whom he had served in the Spanish wars, and for whom he cherished a strong affection George Washington inherited the estate in 1752. The central part of the mansion, which is of wood, was built by Lawrence and the wings by George Washington. It contains many interesting historioal relics, among which are the key of the Bastile, presented by Lafayette, portions of the military and personal furniture of Washington, portraits, and Rembrandt Peale's painting of "Washington before Yorktown." The Tomb of Wcuhington stands in a retired situation near the mansion. It is a plain but solid brick structure, with an iron gate, through the bars of which may be seen the marble sarcophagi containing the remains of George and Martha Washington. The Mount Vernon domain (includ- ing the mansion and 6 acres), which had remained since the death of Washington in the possession of his descendant!), was purchased in 185A for the sum of $200,000, raised by subscription, under the auspices of the " Ladies' Mount Vernon Associa- tion," aided by the efforts of Edward Everett. It is, therefore, and will continue to be, the property of the nation. NEW TOiUC TO AIJBANT. (rlaoes to the height of 800 ft. and stretching in unbroken line along the river-bank or more than 20 m. The rock is trap, columnar in formation, and the summit is thickly wooded. In striking contrast with the desolate and lonely appearance of these cliffs, the right bank presents a continuous succession of beautiful villas stand- ing in the midst of picturesque and exquisitely-kept grounds, with a frequent sprinkling of villages and hamlets. Yonkert (17 m.) is a Tiashionabk suburban town beautifully situated at the mouth of the Neperan or Saw-Mill River. It is an an- cient settlement, and was the home of the once famous Phillipse family, of which was Mary Phillipse, Washington's first love. The Manor-House, a spacious stone edifice built in 1682, is still to be seen. In 1777 a navd action occurred in front of Yonkers between the American gunboats and the British frigates Ross and Phoenix. Piermont (22 m.) is on the 1. bank at the end of the Palisades; it takes its name from a pier 1 m. long which runs out from the shore to the deep channel. Three m. 8. W. of Piermont is the old town of lappan, interesting as having been one of Washington's chief headquarters during the Hcvolution, and also as tlie spot where Major Andr6 was imprisoned and executed. The house occupied by Washington and the Jail of the ill-fated officer are still in good preservation. On the r., 2 m. above Piermont, is the residence of Mr. Gottinet, built of Caen stone, and said to be the most elegant house on the river. Just above, still on the r., is Irvington, named in honor of Washington Irving, whose unique little stone cottage, Sunnyside, is olose by, on the margin of the river, but hidden from view by the dense growth of trees and shrubbery. The steamer has now entered the famous Tappan Zee, in which the river broadeis out into a beautiful lake 10 \n. long and 8 m. wide at the widest part, surround' i by picturesque and pleasing scenery. Upon a high prom- HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CiTiES. ontory to the r. stands the Paulding Afaiior, the most conspicuous dwelling on the lower Hudson. It is of wliite inarlilc in tlio pointful Tudor style. One and a half in. above is Tarnjtnwn, a prosperous town wliieli 1ms ninny attractions historical as well as scenic. It whs at a spot now in the lieart of the town tliat Andr^ was arrested, and Tarrytown witnessed ninny stormy tiglits between iruerriJIas on both sides during tlie Uevolutlon. It taJces its cliief interest, liowever, from its associa- tion with Irving'b life and memory. Mere is tlio cliun'h wliich he attended and of which lie was warden at tlie time of liis death, here lie is liiiried, and near b; are the scenes of some of liis happiest fancies. Opposite Tarrytown is Nyack, a pretty little town prettily situated. Hing Sing (88 m.) is on tlie r. lianlc, occ' pying an elevated slope, and iiialces a flue appearance from the river. Tlie State Prison is located here, and its liuge stone buildings are conspicuous objects. Many flue country-seats crown the heights nliove and around King Hing ; and 4 m. above is Groton Point, a prominent headland dividing the Tappnn Zee from Hnverstraw Bay, another lake-like widening of the river. Passing this p.iint, the Highlands begin to be visil)le in the distance. At the head of Haverstraw Bay are Stony Point, on the 1., a rocky peninsula on which are a ligl Jiouso and the ruins of an old Revolutionary fort, and VerpUmek'* Point, on the r., notable as the spot whej'e Ilondrick Hudson's ship, the Half Moon, flrst came to anchor atlor leaving Yonkors. Peekskill (48 m.) is a flourishing town at the raoutli of the Peekskill or Annskill Greek. Opposite is Caldwell's Landing, memorable for the search so seriously and actively made for the treasure which the famous Captain Kidd was supposed to have secreted at the bottom of the river here. liemains of the apparatus used for this purpose are still visible. At this point the river makes a sudden turn to the W., which is called the Race. We have now reached the Highlands, and for the next 16 m. the scenery is un- surpassed in the world. On the 1. is Dunderherg Mountain, and at its base a broad deep stream which, a short distance above its month, makes its descent to the river in a beautifi'.i cascade. On the r. is Anthony^t Note, a rocky jiromontory rising to the height jf 1,128 ft., and who.se base has been tunneled by the railway a length of 200 ft. Two m. above (on the r.) is Sugar- Loaf Mountmn, with an elevation of 866 ft. Near by, and reaching far out into the river, is a sandy bluff on which Fort Independence once stood. Farther on \»Iona Island, and in the extreme dis- tance Bear Mountain. Buttermilk Falls now' come into view on the 1., descending over inclined ledges a distance of 100 ft. Just above, in the heart of the Highland Pass, is Cozzens's Hotel, a spacious and elegant summer hotel, situated on a high blnfl: West Point (51 m.), on account of its famous military school' and historic associations, and for its varied scenic attractions, is one of the most charming places on the Hudson, and the traveler should stop here for a day, at least, if he have time. The buildings occupy a broad jilateau, 150 ft. above the river, and are reached by a steep and costly road cut out of the solid cliff- side. Cro'-Nest, above West Point, on the same side of the river, is one of the loftiest of the Highland group (1,428 ft.). It is the scene of Rodman Drake's poem, " The Culprit Fay." Storm King or Butter Hill (" Boterberg") is the next mountain-crest, and the last of the Highland range upon the W. It is 1,529 ft. high. Between Oro'-Nest and Storm King, and in the laps of both, is the lovely vnle of Tempe. Cold Spring, on the r., is an exceedingly picturesque village. It is built upon a steep ascent, and behind it is the massive granite crown of Bull Hill. Beyond Cold Spring, and still on the £. bank of the river, the Highland rnnge is continued in the jagged preci- pices of the Breakneck and Beacon Hill, in height, resjiectively, 1,187 and 1,686 ft. These mountains are among the most commanding features of tlie river-scenery. Cornwall, a rugged and picturesque little place on the 1. bank, is the chief summer- resort on the river. Here is the end of the Highlands, and the steamer enters the broad expanse of Newburg Bay, on the I. shore of wliicli is Xexehurg, a prosper- ous and beautifully-situated city of 18,000 inhabitants. Newburg was the theatre of many interesting events during the Revolution, and Washington's Headquarters, an old gray stone mansion, S. of the town, is still preserved. Opposite is Fishkill Landing, a small but pretty village. Poughkeepsie (75 m.) is the largest city be- tween inandi Here t koepsi latter, residei (110 n tains, a floui heighti son an remain Hat ffress £ A} water. direct' the cii Enrop Wyok Duke theB since in 187 on th plain verge welling on the One and a half )nH liiHtorical as that Anilr6 was I'rrilhis on both oin itH aHBocia- ttc'iided antl of iind near b; aro Nyaek, n pretty k, occ; iiying an State PriBon is eta. Many fine id 4 in. above is luvefMtraw Bay, l^blands begin to y Point, on th» d Revolntionary ndrick llndson's 'eekglcill (48 in.) reck. Opposite ctively made for secreted at the purpose are still licii is called the le scenery is un- its base a broad icent to the river lontory rising to •ttilway a length an elevation of bluff on which the extreme dls- ;he 1., descending of the Highland aated on a high hool'and hisrorio ; chaniiing places least, if he have le river, and are Crd'-Neat, above . of the HigMand 'he Culprit Fay." rest, and the last in Cro'-Nest and Cold Spring, on steep ascent, and I Spring, and still the jagged preci- 187 and 1,685 ft. the river-scenery, he chief summer- 3amer enters the ohurg, a prosper- ; was the theatre f s Headqaarters, posite is Fithkill le largest city be- ALBANT. 08 tween New York and Albany, and has 22,000 inhahitantt. Its situation is com- manding and attractive, and the city makes a fine appearance from the river. Here are Vassar C-ollege and other famous educational institutions. Above Pongh- keepsie, on either bank, are many pleasant towns and fine country-seats, among the latter, Kokeby, the estate of the late William K. Astor, and Montgomery Place, the residence of Edward Livingston, and one of the tinest on the Hudson. Cattkill (110 m.) is the point whore we leave the river to vi'iit the celebrated Catskill Moun- tains, which for 10 m. have been looming up grandly on the I. Hudson (115 m^ is a flourishing town of 18,000 inhabitants, finely situated on the E. bank. Tlie heights back of the town command noble views of the Catskill Mts. Between Hud- son and Albany there is nothing to call for special mention, though the scenei'y still remains pleasing. _ AIAANT. Httehi Delatan House ((14.60 a day), in Broadway, near the R. R. depot; Con- greu Hall (|4 a day), near the Capitol ; Stanwix Hall (|8 a day) ; American ; City. ALBANY, the capital of New York State, is finely situated on the W. bank of the Hudson River at the head of sloop-navigation, and near the head of tide- water. It was founded by the Dutch, first as a trading-post, on Castle Island, Albany ftom Greenbnili. directly below the site of the pr3Bent city, in 1614. Fort Orange was built where the city now stands, in 1628, and, next to Jamestown in Virginia, was the earliest European settlement in the original 18 States. The town was known as Beaver WyoK, and as Williamstadt, before it received its present name in honor of the Duke of York and Albany (afterward James II.), when it fell into the possession of the British in 1664. It was chartered in 1686, and made the State capital in 1798, since which time the population has increased from 5,849 (in 1800) to above 80,000 in 1876. Albany has a large commerce, from its position at the head Of navigation on the. river, as the entrepfit of the great Erie Canal from the W., and the Cham- plain Canal from the N., and as the centre to which several important railroads con- verge. The boats of the canal are received in a great basin constructed in the 6 New Cnpltol. menced in 1871, and is slowly riting. It is of Maine granite, in tlio lienait-Hance style, and when completed will be the largest and most splendid edifice in America, exceptin}r the Federal Capitol at Washington. Its site is on the most elevated (ground in the city, nnd its tower, 320 ft. high, will he visible for many niiks around. The State Lihrary, a handsonie fire-proof building, fronting on State St., in rear of the old Capitol, conta'ns 86,000 volumes, ind an interesting col- lection of curiosities nn-'. historicnl relics, including Washington's dress-sword and pistol. State Hall, in Eagle St., built of white marble in 1843, at i cost of $350,000, contains several of thu principal offices of State. The City B il, in Eagje St., foot of Washington Ave., a beautiful struc'-ire of whiio mf.^^'y, was finished in 1832. It is 100 ft. f/orc bv 80 ft. deep, 8 stories Ugh, and ht j a recessed fortico in front of the second and third stories, supported by six Ionic columns, n S. Pearl St. is the new Citi/ Building, erected in 1870 at a cost of ud)ey, xfundfi on Obncrvntory Hill, near the N. liniitK of the city. It has u valuable upeciai lilirary, ,ind wime fine instruments. The AMicaf CoUffje, cor. Kagle and Jay Sts., ii* a |>ri)N|>oroUH institu- tioUf with an extensive tnuseirm. The Law Sc1kh)I of the Alltany Tniversity Is near l»y, and is tuio of the bent in the countrv The State Normal Srfiool, "for the edu- cation and practice of teiicherM of conim< ~ schools in the science of education and the art (if teaching," stands on the cor. t Lodge and Howard Stn. The Young Mfn'n Atnoeititioii, HH State St., has a library of i'2,0()fi volumes and a well-su)>plied reading-room. Amnrntireii' Library has fi,00(» volumes. 'I'he Ahutiy IriKtitutf, organized in I70f, lias lt,000 volumes. The edifice in State St., where are deposited the jaiblic collections in Natural ll'story, (leology, and Agriculture, is most inter- esting. Of the r>4 churches in the city, the Citbfdnil of the iHaarilatc &wf*|rtl«i, in Kagle St., and tiie Ghurrh of St. Jo»eph, cor. Ten Broeck and 2d Sts., are th'^ most pronnnent structures. The Cathedral has sittings for 1,000 persons, and a powerful organ. The staiued-glass windows, by (Jil>8on, of Now York, are among tlio richest in the country. St. Peter^n (Episcopal), cor. Lodge and State Sts., is n handsome structure, in the Gothic stvle, and has a service of coniinunion-plato j)resented by Queen Anne for the OnotuJaga Indians. The Penitentwry, situated W. of the city, about 1 tn. from the (!apitol, is a model prison, conducted on (he contract system, and the only one in the State which is self-sustaining. « In the N. part of the city, extending from Broadway to the river, surrounded by extensive and beautiful grounds, is the ¥•■ ReuMlarr Maner-HoaHC, one of the most attractive town residences in the State. It is more than 200 years since the man- sion of the first I'atroon was erected ujiou this spot, anri po/tions of the present house wore built in 17(S5. Above the city, on the flats, is the Sehuyhr Haute, an exceed- ingly plain and antiijuated dwelling. Here resided Colonel Ptter Schuyler, the first Mayor of Albany, the Indian commissioner who took four Mohawk sachems to Eng- land and presented them to Queen Anne. The house was burned down in 1759, and immediately rebuilt, jjortions of the original walls ren>aining. In 18B0, the old bnrial-grounds, penitentiary-grounds, aluishouse farm, and Wnshington parade- ground, in the W. jmrt of the city, were set apart for a public park, to be known as " Washington Park ; " but little work on it has yet been done. Albany Jtvral Cemr- tery, a ])Ieasnnt burial-ground, lies N. of the city, (treenlmish is a populous sub- urb on the oj)posite side of the river. While in Albany, the traveler should embrace the opportunity t- visit 'Vnj (fl miles above), a beautiful city of 46,000 inhabitants, noted for its extensive m.iiiu- factnres, which include iron-works on the largest scale, car-works, and cotton, wool- en, iiosiery, and shoe factories. There are several fine churches and public buildings, and many liandsome private residences. The buildings of St. Joseph^s Theological Seminary, on Mt. Ida, E. of the city, are noble specimens of Byzantine archit scture. The great Waterdiet Amennl is also situated here ; there are 40 buildings in r. park of lOi'J acres. Troy is reached from Albany by either steam or horse ears. AUBANT TO ROOHESTBR AND BUFFALO. ( Via New York Central K. E., distance 22i* and 2»h in, rospocHvely.) The New York Central R. R. traverses from E. to W. the entire length of the Empire State, passing through the rich midland counties. It has two termini nt the eastern end, one at Albany and the other at Troy, the branches meeting after 17 m. at 8-henec.tady. It then continues in one line to Syracuse, 148 m. from Albany, where it again divides and is a double route for the remainder of the way : the lo.ver line, via Auburn and Canandaigua being looped up to the other at Rochester. The upper route is the more direct, and tiie one .ve shall now follow. The great Erie Canal traverses the State from Albany to BuffaJo, nearly in the same line with the railroad. Schenectady, already mentioned as the point of junction between the two branch lines, is one of the oldest towns in the State, and is distingnished as the site of Union College, founded in 1795. The site of the present town once formed the council- I M*»C*»«* ■»■'»»** -"^ . .. i i ^^a iiaiii ^ ^ fe i MaBlifei i ffe r a ;- 56 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIE8. tfronnd* of tlie MoliawkM. leaving Hohenoctaily, tlio road croMr* the Mohawk Kivor and the Erie ('Hnal on a bridfto nearly l,0(i<) tl. long. LittU Fall* (74 m.) i» runiarkHlilv for a Itold piuMtage of tlie river and canal throiiuh a wild and inoHt puit- urew|ue (let^le. The fK^enury indudeN the river, rapida, and ciiMcadeK, the locks and windiiiKH of the canal, and the bridxea; and the gllnipitoH far away up the valley of the Mohawk are cHpecially beautiful. VIIm (00 ni.) ia a larife and handaoine city on the H. hank of the Mohawk, Htanding upon the Hite of old Fort Hchiiyler. The Htatc Lunatic Aityhiin Ih located here, and conaiatH of auveral stone edincea. The munufactiirvH are extonxive. Inm (110 m.) ia a flouriahing town of 11,00<) in- habitants, and containa aeveral fine buildinga, the handaomest of which la he Hemi- nary. Oneida (122 m.) ia on the ahore of Oneida Lake, a beautiful aheet of water, abounding in HhIi, and aurrounded by aome of the moat fertile and highly-cultivated land in the Htate. Brnwaw (148 ni.) ia one of the largeat citiea in the State, having a population of nearly 55,()00. It ia pleaaantly aituated on the S. end of Onondagk Lake, and containn the moat extensive HHlt-inanufuctoriea In the United 8tatea. It ia famous oa the mooting-place of political and other oonventiona. Ketween Syra- cuao and Rocheator, there are 7 aniall towna which need not be apecially mentioned. Between Kochoater and Buffalo, the only one culling for notice la Bntatia (201 m. from Albany), which ia the aite of the Htate Inatituiion for the Blind, one of the finest structures of its kind in the country. The town is laid out in broad atreeta, whioh are beautifully shatled.^ ROOBBBTBR. Htletat The O»horn House, in Main St.; the liraekett Houie and Congreu Hall near the R. R. depot ; the Clinton Horue, in State St. ROCHESTER is situated on both aides of the Genesee River, 7 ni. from its mouth in Lake Ontario. Soon after it enters the city the river roakea a rapid descent, there being a perpendicular fall of 06 ft. near the centre, and two others of 26 ft. and 84 ft. near the northern limit. It is to the prodigious water- power thua afforded that much of the prosperity of the city is attributable, and it contains several of the largest tlour-mills in the country. Other important indus- tries are the pro. MiiltiiiK iind lirvwiiiir, for wliicli the (■litiiitt(< !■« Iii){lil.v fiiviiralilf, lire fXlt'iixivfly ciirrictl on. Uiitf'iilo whm tIrNt m'ttlvd in |H<)I ; it Ikthiiic it iiiiiitiiry piiMt iliiriiiK tin- Witr of IH|'2, aixi whh liiirtit'ii Uy » t'or<< lit' liKliitiiM Mtiil KritiNJi in |h|4; utiii it whm iti<'iM'|>i>rMti>iA itn growth Iiiim itvvu wry rapiti, iiml in IM7I) it IiikI n |io|iMlatlon of 1 17.714. Top. in IN7n, 1:14,57:1. liutliiio. ill llio iiiiiln, \h liiiiiilitonii'ly Iniilt. Itx Ntr<*trlinrortionH of tin* rity nro iiorilercil willi u |iriit'ii>ortHiit iivoniio-* iiHve ninny tiiif ri'Midom-ox Slmdf-trvfH ndorn tlu' iiiiMir inii*Ml rcKpec- ::1 T* ♦TtX ■»'«'x. : tn ')Mw- r \ .if!' RulTiilu. from tin- Hplri- of llic Pn'KhvtiTlnn (^liurrli In l)flii»an< Hlnte hut plnin freestone odiHce, at the cor. of Wasliinf^ton and KnKle ^*ts. ; the Ntiitr Arwaal, a handsome tiirretod structure of stone in HataviaSt. ; thu State Armory '\n V'irjiinia St., a larjre |)lain cdilice of brick; the Erif t'oiinti/ Pfnitrntiary, a capacious building of brick and stone; and the General ffonpital, in HiKh St., of which only one winjj has been erected. A tine );rnnito court-house and city-hall, fronting on Franklin St., is in process of con- struction, and is estimated to cost nearly $1,000,000. Several of the bank buildings in the city are costly and inii)osiii)^ oditices, especially those of the Eric County, the Butt'alo (Uty, and the Western savings-banks. 'I'iio most notable church cdiflceo are 8t» PaaPg Cathedral (Episcopal), in Pearl St., I)uilt of red san''4tono in the early English stylo and containing n tine chime of bolls; St. Jo8fph*8 Cc >dral (Roninn Catholic) in Franklin St., of blue-stone trinnned with white-stone, in tiie tlorid Gothic stylo, and having a cliimo of 42 bells; St. Peter^s (Episcopal) in Main St. near (ranklin S(inare ; the Xorth nnd Central Pre»hyteriun, in Main St. ; the Prethyterian 'a Delaware St., which has a lofty spire ; and the Nete UnhertalUt. The loading educational institutions are the Medical College of the University of Buffalo, in Main St. ; Canuiug College, a Jesuit institution, occupying a iiandsome building of stone for wliicli the lirNt H«'ttlc>(l in lirtifil \>y It turn Jill IMM'i, Him\ Iry rapiil, und tii Ind HtrniKlit, And yeluirar^ Sit. nre JioiH (((' tlu< ritjr lilt IIVOIIIUW llHVO |l, n>itiiod rvupec- Hiri'ur. 'liidc, and Terruco ) the levt'i of tho city, river, hiice, |>ul>liG Ixiiidinfici* ne oditicf, at the :urrotod Hinictiire plain oditici- of l< and HtoMv ; anph^§ I'oihge, on the terrace in the rear of Ht. .loii«|ih'ii Ctttliitlral, a tlourlNhing inittltntion, conducted hy the Chrivtian llrotherM; St. Mury't Artvli-ny, on the (•nine m|uare, in Franklin and ( liurch Htn. ; the Hiijfitlo hVmnU Aemlfmy, in Delaware Mf. ; the lletitheotr School, in I'enrl Ht., a claAMJcul acadciny cNtatillNhed under the patronage of the KpiMcopal Church; and the Stiitu Sormiil Schmil, in North St., a huttu and iinpoi2H,0()() vol- uiiieM and a well Miiitplied readiiig-rooni. In the itaiiiu liiiildini; are the Hutt'alo Iliii- torical Miiciety, witli a large llliraiy and cahinetM; the Society of Natural McieiiccM wliicji ha^4 a very ciiniplete and valiiahle collection of iiiineralx, a good hotaiiit^aj and c4iiicho|ogical caliinut, and a ("Hiiplete net of I'rof Ward'M fuNHil cnHtH ; the Acudeiiiy of Fine ArtM, which In foiintliiig a tine gallery of painting an beauti- jling citicii of Mas- sengors are trans- listance to Boston funning country, lustored along tlie [iifacturing centre, the A'lftmfl and jiidet River, runs the cor. of Knee- via Bridgewa- iton is not passed. inglnnd, is situated and longitude 71° ton, Itoxbury, and of some 700 acres, eacon, Copp's, and idian name of this filled by the earlier he " Feck " joined ;d by the tide, but East Boston oceu- le deepest water of f formerly used by out 2 m. along the proper. Near the it 180 ft. above the country. The city 08 ft. long, and the dct Boston bridge, 2,766 ft. long, with ends from Lev«»rett , extends to Prison t. bridge, about 500 se bridges are free. loiig, extends ♦'rom arbor is a spacious luding several arms, ^res of the Charles, mly known as Back and it offers many lackstone, supposed 328. Here h'e lived rernor of Massachu- It with some i"c!low- is claim to the now he first church was naster was appoint- m Newt Letter^ was rhen 3 persons were ea was destroyed in the harbor, and Boston bore a conspicuous paH in the opening scenes of the Revolu- tion. The city was incorporated in 1822, with a population of 45,000, which had increased to 136,881 in 1850, to 177,840 in 1860, and 250,526 in 1870. By tho View of Boston from the Harbor. recent annexation of the suburbs of Brighton, Charlestown, W. Roxbury, etc., the population has been increased to 841,919 (in February, 1876). On the 9th of November, 1872, one of the most terrible conflagrations ever known iu the United States swept away the principal business portion of Boston. The fire broke out on Saturday evening, and oonHaued until noon on tho following day, when it was brought under control, bni again broke forth in consequence of an explosion of gas, about midnight, and raged until 7 o'clock Monday niorning. The district burned over extended from Summer and Bedford Sts. on the 8. to near State St. on the N., and from Washington St. east to the harbor. About 800 of the finest buildings in the city were destroyed, causing a loss of J80,000,000. Hatoli, iMtaimts, twA ClibB. — The most fashionable and best-kept hotels on the regular or American plan are the Retere House (Bowdoin Square), near the State Ilonec , the Tremont Hou»e (Tremont St. cor. of Beacon), also near the Stcte-House ; the Evaru Hovue ($4 a day), at 175 Tremont St., fronting on Boston Common ; the American Houte ($3.60 to $4.50 a dt^.y), in Hanover St., centrally located ; the St. Jamet ($4 a day), on Franklin Square, in S. Boston ; the Commonwealth ($4 a day), Washington St., cor. Worcester, also in S. Boston; the Clarendon ($8.60 a day), 521 and 523 Tremont St. ; and the United States, opposite the New York and Al- bany depot. Among less ejipensive houses are the Adams House ($2.50 a day), 871 Wnshington St. ; the Marlboro House ($2.P0 to $3 a day), 391 Washington St. ; the Quiney House ($2.50 a day), Brattle bq\.?fe ; the Metropolitan ($2.50 a day), Wash- ington St., near Dover; the Greighton House ($2.50), 245 Tremont St. ; the Arling- ton ($2.50), near the Northern depots ; the Sturtevant House, E. Boston ; and the Waverley House, Charlestown. Of the Iiotels on the European plan, the Parker House, in School St., opposite the City Hall, is the most famous in New England. Other first-class ones are Young^s Hotel, in Court Ave.; the Cravjfori House, cor. Court and Brattle Sts. ; the Belmont, in Washington St., near Boylston ; and the Sher nan, Court Square, near the City Hall. Rooms at these hotels are from $1 to $3 a day ; meals a handsome ap- eral retail stores; much frequented, the leading bank- n the world ; and the great whole- rough the newer and through the wide driveways, md the Common, lis section contain dings is such that The most popo- ," the most inter- idelphia, is FaMitl inare, which also inary patriots that Fanenll Hall. were held there. The building was erected in 1742, by Peter Faneuil, a Huguenot merchant, and by him presented to the town. Its original dimensions were 100 by 40 ft. Destroyed by fire in 176', it was rebuilt in 1763, and enlarged to its present dimensions in 1806. A full-length portniit ri the founder, together with the pictures of Wash- ington, by Stuart, of Webeter, by llealy, of Samuel Adams, by Copley, and portraits of John Quincy Adams, Edward Everett, AbTihftra ^ ■ "oln, and Governor Andrew, 3<; ,i the walls. The basement r' : e hall, which was formerly a market, is now a series of stores. The Old State- House, in Washington St., at the head of State St., was erected in 1748, and was for half a century the seat of the " Great and General Court of Massachusetts," being the building of which such frequent mention is made in Revolutionary annals. It has long been given up to business purposes, the interior having Ueen completely remodeled, and the udiiice surmounted by a roof which has wholly de- stroyed the quaint effect of the original architecture. Christ Church (Episcopal), in Salem St., near Copp's Hill, is the oldest church in tiie city, having been erected in 1722. It has a lofty steeple, and in the tower is a fine chime of bells. The OM Soith CliHtb, cor. Washington and Milk Sts., is an object of much interest. It is of brick, and was built in 172u, on the site where the first edifice of the society had stood since 1669. The church was used as a place of meeting by the heroes of '76, and, during the British occupation of the city, was used as a place for cavalry-drill. It barely escaped the flames in the great fire, and immediately afterward was leased to the Government for two years for a post-office. It will shortly be sold and torn down. King^B Chapel (Unitarian), cor. Tremont and School Sth., was founded in 1686, and the present building, a plain granite structure, erected in 1750-54. Ad- Joining the church is the first burying-ground established in Boston. In it are buried Isaac Johnson, " the father of Boston," Governor Winthrop, John Cotton, and other distinguished men. On the cor. of Washington and School Sts. is the Old Comer Bookstore, a building dating from 1712. The old North Burying- Ground, on the brow of Copp's Hill, was the second established in the city, and is still sacredly pre- served. Here lie three fathers of the Puritan Church, Drs. Increase, Cotton, and Samuel Mather. (See " Common," p. 68.) PiMIc aiHl PrHilMit Billdiap. — Tiie 8tat«>HMM occupies a commanding site on the summit of Beacon Hill, overlooking the "Common," and is the most conspicuous building in Boston. It was commenced in 1793, when Samuel Adams was Govern- or, and finished in 1798, but was greatly enlarged in 1855. It is 173 ft. long and 61 ft. deep, with a stately colonnade in front, and surmounted by a gilded dome. The hall of the House of Representatives, the Senate-Chamber, the rooms of the Gov- ernor, and other offices of state, are in the State-House. On the entranc«J-floor (Doric Hall) is Ball's statue of Governor Andrew, busts of Samuel Adams, Lincoln, and Sumner, and a collection of battle-flags. In the rotunda opening off Doric Hall are Chantrey's statue of Washington, copies of the tombstones of the Washington family in Brighton Parish, England, and many historical reli>is. The view from the dome (open when the General Court ip not in session) is very fine, including the city, the harbo: and ocean beyond, and an immense oxtent of country in various directions. On the terrace in front of the State-Hoiist are statue" of Daniel Web- ster and Horace Mann. The new Ptat^MDce, in Milk St., cor. Devonshire and ^ i t> iitw j weft: * ii>* > « H »■ >».. j^jitj| i ii i wuiau«» ' i»i*ij) j 'M',n . ' 64 HAKD-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. Water, is of granite, highly ornate in style, and will be, when fiilly completed, the finest building in New England. It fronts 200 ft. on Devonshire St., and cost from $2,000,000 to 18,000,000. The upper stories are occupied by the U. ti. Suh-Tretu- ury ; the Ciish-rooni here is very richly adorned. The Cntaa-Hcne is a large and Btat«ly granite structure in State St., i wT^rv jidi:.li^aj -^•¥t;:. ' ^d. State-HonBe. near the wharves; it was 12 years in building (1837-49), and cost 11,076,000. The form is that rf the Greek cross, and the building is 140 ft. long, 95 ft. throngii t'le centre, and 76 ft. at the ends. The portico on either front is supported by six massive Doric columns. The Court- Houte is a fine building in Court S(inare, fronting on Court St. It is of Quincy granite, and is 185 ft. long by 60 ft. wide. The Oty HaU, front- ing on School St. in rear of the Court- Ilouse, is one of the most imposing edifices in the city. It is of white Concord granite, in the Italian Re- naissance style, and is surmounted by a Louvre dome, 109 ft. high. It was completed in 1865, and coat $505,691. On the lawn, in front, stands the bronze statue of Franklin, by Greenough. The County Jail, in Charles near Camltridge St., is an octagon- shaped granite building, with 4 wings, conducted on the "Auburn plan." The Beacon Hill Reservoir (City Water-Works) is a massive granite structure, 200 ft. long and 66 ft. high, fronting on Derne St. The MerehanW Exchange, No. 66 State St., was noted for its large siz^ and massive architecture; but it was greatly damaged by the fire of 1872, and has since lost much in remodeling. The MuMle TmiH^ cor. Tremont and Boylston Sts., is a lofty structure of light-colored granite, highly ornamental and uniq'ie in style. In the interior are Corinthian, Egyptian, and Gothic balls, besides banqueting-rooros, etc. The old Masonic Hall, farther up Tremont St., at the cor. of Temple Place, is now used by the United States courts. Odd-Fellows' Hall, cor. Tremont and Berkeley Sts., is a white granite building of chaste and elegant design. The Sears BiUdlig, cor. Court and Washington Sts., constructed of gray and white marble in the Italian Gothic style (at a cost of $750,000), is one of the finest in the city. The Hotel Boylston, containing suites of apartments for families, is a large and h'>nd8ome building »t the cor. of Tremont and Boylston Sts., opposite the Masonic Temple. The IwduiBla' BalMlag, cor. Berkeley and Tremont Sts., opposite Odd-Fellows' Hall, is of white granite in the Italian Renaissance style, 4 stories high. It is used by the Boston Board of Trade and the National Board of Trade. Other noteworthy mercan- tile buildings are those of the New York Mutual Life Ins. Co., cor. Milk and Pearl Sts. ; the New England Mutual L'fe Ins. Co., cor. Milk and Congress Sts. ; the Emigrant Savings- Bank, 690 Washington St. ; the Brewer Building, covering an entire block on Devonshire, Franklin, and T^'ederal Sts. ; and the Franklin Building, cor, Frank- lin and Federal Sts., in which t.'*e the publishing-house of J. R. Osgood & Co. and the printing establishment of RanJ Avery & Co. All over the burnt district mag- nificent new buildings and " blocks " iiave been put up, or are in process of erection. ((■iMy Market, situated just E. of Faneuil Hall, is a large granite building, 680 by 60 ft. and 2 stories high. Here may be seen a profuse display of all kinds of market produce. neatrcs aid FImm tf ABneaeit. — The Boston Theatre, Washington St., nenr West, is a famous old theatre, the largest in New England. The Olobe Theatre, Washing- ton St., near Boylston, is new, and is the place where operatic and star performances le completed, the .., and cost from iS'. Sub-Trea»- \i a large and •e in State St., it was 12 jears '49), and cost ■in is tliat rf the building is 140 ugh t:ie centre, lis. The portico lupported by six ns. The Court- lilding in Court Court St. It is nd is 185 ft. long aty Hall, front- rear of the Court- most imposing It is of white the Italian Re- d is surmounted 109 ft. high. It 1866, and cost lawn, in front, tatue of Franklin, t., is an octagon- )urn plan." The structure, 200 ft. Exchange, No. 68 but It was greatly ling. The MatMle of light-colored ir are Corinthian, The old Masonic now used by tiie ierkeley Sts., is a BiUdlig, cor. Court the Italian Gothic le Hotel Boyhton, i'teworthy mercan- [ilk and Pearl Sts. ; its.; t\ie Emigrant ng an entire block ilding, cor. Frunk- Osgood & Co. and >urnt district mag- trocess of erection, tuilding, 680 by 60 ill kinds of market ton St., nenr West, Theatre, Washing- I star performances BOSTON. 68 are given. The Mvteum Theatre, in the Hoston Mnsenm (Tremont near School St.), lias an excellent coinpan/ and select audiences. The museum also contains pict- ures, casts, wbx-flgures, and curiosities from all parts of the world ; admission, 80o. The Howard Athenmum, Howard St., near Court St., is devoted to varieties and negro minstrelsy. Mu»ie Hall, 16 Winter St., is one of the finest in the country, and contains the second largest organ in the world, built in Germany, and costing $80,- 000. Classic music is performed here, and organ-concerts are given semi-weekly. Lectures, concerts, and readings, are given at Tremont Temple, in Tremont St., op- posite the Tremont House ; at Beethoven Hall, in Washington St., near Boylston ; and at Horticultural Hail, No. 100 Tremont St. Horte-raee* take place at Beacon Pai'k and Mystic Park, in the suburbs of the city. Libraries, Art-GalerieR, etc— Ti.e BmIm PaMte Ukrary, in Boylston St., opposite the Common, is, next to the Library of Congress, the largest in America. It contains over 260,000 volumes, besides 100,000 pamphlets and the valuable Tost! collection of engravings. The Library and reading-room are free to all, but only residents of the city can take books away. The BmIm AtkcueiB is an imposing edifice of Pater- son freestone, in the Palladian style, in Beacon St. near Bowdoin. It was incor- porated in 1807, and is one of the best endowed institutions of the kind in the world. The first story of the building contains the sonlpture-gftUery (which in- cludes statues by Grecnough, Crawford, Houdon, and numerous casts) and the read- ing-room. The library of 96,000 volumes is in the second -.t ory, and the piotnre- gallery in the third. Strkngers must be introduced by a member in order to set access to the library. Admission to the picture-gallery (which is very rich in comes from the old masters, American paintings, antiquities, etc.), 26c. The American Academy of Arte and Seiencee, incorporated in 1780, has its rooms and its library (15,000 volumes) in the Athenaeum building. The Congregational Library (7,000 volumes). No. 40 Winter St., is rich in ecclesiastical literature and has a good read- ing-room. There are also many other libraries in Boston which we have not space to mention. Free reading-rooms may be found at the Young Merit Ohrittian Union (800 Washington St.), and at the Young Men't Chrittian Auoeiation (oor. Tremont and Eliot Sts.). The Muewn cf Ffaw Arte, on Art Square (St. James Ave. and Dartmouth St.), is an elegant new building of red brick, elaborately adorned with terra-cotta bass-reliefs, copings, and mouldings. The halls on the lower floor vill contain statuary, oasts, and valuable collections of Egyptian antiquities and sculptures. In the upper halla will be spacious picture-galleries, and a library'. The collections of the Boston Athenaeum are to be transferred to this Museunt, which, besides, possesses some of the most valuable works of art in the country. Art exhibitions are given in the Studio Building, Tremont St. next to Horticultural Hall, and at the rooms of the Boston Art Gluh, in Boylston St. Good pictures, engravings, etc., may be seen (free) at the sales-galleries of Williams & Everett, No. 234 Washington St. Horticultural Hall, No. 100 Tremont St., is an elegant structure of white granite, whose front is richly ornamented with columns, statues, and carved cor- nices. Annual floral shows are held here ; also fairs, concerts, and lectures. The magnificent new building of the Society of Natural History is on the cor. of Boyl- ston and Berkeley Sts. Its library numbers 12,000 volumes, and it has valuable cabinets (open to the public on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons). The Maaaa- chu$ett» Hietorieal Society, 30 Tremont St., possesses a library of 19,000 volumes, and many valuable MSS., coins, charts, maps, portraits, and historical relics. The New England Historical and Genealogical Society, 18 Somerset St., has a valuable library and a small collection of curiosities. ChiKhes. — There are upward of 160 church edifices in Boston, of which the old historical ones (Christ, OM South, and King's Chapel) have already been described. St Pad's (Episcopal), ftcin),;" the Common between Winter and West Sts., is of gray granite in the Ionic stylo, with a portico supported by 6 columns of Potomac sand- stone. Near by, at the cor. of Park and Tremont Sts., is the old Park Street Ghtireh (Congregational), founded in 1809. It occupies a fine position, and hae a beautiful spire. Ac^oining the church is the Old Oranary Burying- Ground, in AWiia i jiiji i iifti<^ujii i i «ii i#»i^;ijrj!*'yu. ^i4>immSStia'i4l^9li^'M.--il ' > ' !i ' i^t! ' " — 66 HAND-BOOK OF AMERirAN CITIES. whicli are buried Poter Faneuil, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and other distin- fnished men. Emamul Chureh (Episcopal) is in Newbury Bt. near Berkeley, he iirllBgtw Street Cbirch (Unitarian), in Arlington St., fronting the Public Garden, is a IiandHoiiio freestone structure, with an excellent chime of bells in its tower. The First Charch (Unitarian), cor. Berkeley and Marlborough Sts., is one of the most beautiful in the city. It has a powerful organ, stained-glass windows, and the inte- rior is richly decorated. The society dates from 1030. Close by, on the cor. of Berkeley and Newbury Sts., is tlio CeotraJ CongreitatloMl, one of the most ojegant churches in Now England. It is of Roxbury stone with sandstone trimmings, cruci- form in shape, with rich stained windows, and a lofty stone s])ire, 240 ft. nigh. The new Old Soatb, cor. Boylston and Dartmouth Sts., consists of a group of buildings — church, chapel, and parsonage. It is of lioxhury stone ; the interior is extremely ornate, and the tower is 235 ft. high. The Brattle- Square Church (Unitarian), cor. Commonwealth Ave. and Clarendon St., is of Roxbury stone, in the form of a Greek cross, and very massive in style. The campanile is 176 ft. high, surrounded near the top with a frieze containing colossal statues in high-relief, after designs by Bartholdy, Trinity Church (Episcopal — Philli])S Brooks) is in process of erection at the cor. of Clarendon and Boylston Sts. It will cost $760,000, and will be one of the largest and tiiiost churches in Boston. Tiie Methodist Church, in Treniont St. near Concord, has two spires, and is a fine structure. The Church of the Immacu- late Conception (Roman Catholic), in Harrison Ave. near Concord St., has a fine interior and is famed for its music. The new Church of St. James (Roman Catho- lic), in Harrison Ave., is in the purest form of a classical basilica, and the interior is richly painted and adorned. Tiie €iith«dnil of the Hely Cross (Roman Catholic), cor. Washington and Maiden Sts., was begun in 1867 and is still unfinished. It is in the medieeval Gothic stylo, and when completed will bo the largest and finest church edifice in New England. The main spire will be 320 ft. high, and will contain a chime of bells. Edaratloaal and Charitakie iBstitatlAns. — Though Harrard llnlverglt) does not, strictly speaking, belong to Boston, it will ho most convenient to describe it here This Matthews Hall (^howinfr also Marsacbneetts and Harvard Halls). venerable seat of learning is at Cambridge, 3^ m. from Boston (horse-cars from Bowdoin Square). It was founded in 1638 by the Rev. John Harvard, and em- braces, besides its collegiate department, law, medical, dental, scientific, and theolo- '»-.*«■»«-';-.-* r-^ *>'■ nd otiier distin- near Berkeley. Public Garden, ills in its tower. one of the most ws, and the inte- on the cor. of he most ciegant Tinimings, cruci- 40 ft. nigh. The ip of buildings — rior is extremely (Unitarian), cor. form of a Greek surrounded near after designs by ■ocess of erection ), and will be one nreh, in Treniont // of the Immacu- rd St., has n fine '« (Konian Catho- i, and the interior an Catholic), cor. died. It is in the iind finest church and will contain a does not, strictly be it here. This (horse-cars from Harvard, and em- ntific, and theolo- B08T0N. 87 gical schools. In 1876-76 there were 119 instructors, and 1,278 students. The uni- versitv lands in various parts of Cambridge comprise 00 acres. The college-yard contains about 15 acres, tastefully laid out and adorned by stately elms. Ilere, forming a large quadrangular inclosure, are clustered 16 buildings, of brick or stone, from 2 to 6 stories high. The most notable of these are Matthews Hall, a large and crnate structure used as a dormitory; Massachusetts Hall, an ancient building (dating from 1720), used as a reading-room; Holden Chaiiel; Harvard University, Gray, and Boylston Halls; Appleton Chapel; Thayer Hall, <^nd Dane Hall, for the law school. Gore Hall, be- yond the qua- drangle, con- tains the uni- versity library (180,000 vol- umes). Near the college yard are the Gymnasium and the ZoO- logical Mu- seum. About t m. N. W. of the college group is the Botanical Gar- den, contain- ing a valuable herbarium, and near it is the Observa- tory. MtaorUI Hall, erected by the alumni and friends of the university in commemo- ration of the students and graduates who lost their lives during the civil war, is a massive struct- ure of brick and Nova Sco- tia stone, 810 ft. long by 116 wide, with a tower 200 ft. high. It is one of the finest college buildings in the world, and cost 1575,000. The Medical College, a t - tached to the University, is in Boston at the foot of Bridge St. Its anatomical museum is MemorUl Hall. worth visiting. Bofton Univenity was founded in 1869 by Isaac Rice, who bequeathed it $2,000- 000. The plan of the institution contemplates schools for advanced students in Harvard Library- 68 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN ClTlER every departinenl of knowledge. The soliouls of theology and law and the col- le(;e of niusio are already in operation. Botton College w a Jesuit inatitution, la Harris, m Ave., near Concord 8t. The Inttitute of Technology, " devoted to the practical arts and Hcienceii," baa an elegant brick and Htone Btructure in Boylston St., between Berkeley and Clarendon. The New Englaruf, Female Meduj,l College, founded in 1648, hud 6 instructors and 26 pupils in 1871. Of the charitable institutions, the Perkim Inititutim fo, the Blind is famous all over the world. It was founded 'n 1831 by Dr. Samuel G. liowc undei ./hose charge it remained until hi-^ ^eaih, and occupies spacious buildings on Mt. Washing- ton, S. Boston. Near by on the hill in the Carney Hoipital, managed by the Sisters of Charity. The Mauar hueetU General J/oipital is a vast granite structure on Charles JJiver, between Allen and Bridge Sts. The City Jiotpilaf, in Harrison Ave., opposite Worcostor .lai; '>, is a conspicuous granite edifico surmounted hv . lofty done, on 'andir r.-o :ids 7 acres n extent. The .''u .ne I/ojj^uai {iot inrc' ' >• ;. ne? ' '" ^H>'< ■ j < ' i*^ nding sifr in Chelse and is a spacious and state- ly bui-.ung. Ti'= ' ' ? iVtJDci ihepital is near by. The Ilouee of Indiutry and the Alnuhougf ai.' <>.a ANi.i i. land in the harbor; and the House of Correction and Lunatic J«yt; n iv r-\ l^iwt-.Ji'-. Parks aid PabHc i-iivvmr- T' princi|ial of these is BtstN €•■■•■, a park of 48 acres in the heart of the citj, >>>.. .v \ndeu by a handsome iron fence, and laid out in sloping lawns and rambling walks, shaded by great numbers of mngniiicent trees. The Common is considered to date from 1084, and by the city charter it is made public property forever, and the city cannot sell it or change its character. A pond and fountain, on the site of the ancient "Frog Pond," occupy a central point in the grounds, The Old Elm, believed to have existed before the settlement of the city, was for many years one of the principal Boston sights. It was much damaged by storms in 1860 and 1869, and was finally blown down in the gale of Jan. 26, 1876. It stood near the pond. On Flagsti^ Hill, near the site of the Elm, is the Soldiers' Monument, 90 ft. high. The plinth is in the form of u Greek cross, richly sculptured ; and at the four corners are statues of heroic size, representing Peace, History, the Army, and the Niivy. The shaft is a Roman-Doric column, with 4 alle- gorical figures, representing the North, South, East, and West, sculptured in aito- rilievo around its base. The whole is surmounted by a colossal figure of America, standing ou a hemisphere, guarded by 4 figures of the American eagle, with out- spread wings. Near Park St. is the beautiful Brewer Fountain, of bronze, oast in Paris. The Pikllc Girdea, which was once a part of the Common, is now separated from it by Charles St. It comprises 21 acres, beautifully laid out, and contains a conservatory. Ball's admirable equestrian statue of Washington, Story's bronze stat- ue of Edward Everett, one representing " Venus rising from the Sea," and the beautiful monument in honor of the discovery of ether as an ansesthetic. In the centre is a serpentiiie pond severing 4 acres and crossed "by a handsome bridge. There are numerous smaller squares in Bot>ton, but none call for special mention. CcBetertesi — Neut Aatam, about 1 m. from Har>'ard University and 4 m. from Boston (reached by horse-cars from Ilarv.ird Square), constitutes one of the sights of Boston, and should be seen by every visitor. It is the property of the Massa- chusetts Horticultural Society, was consecrated September 24, 1(^31, and contains 125 aci 3. It is the oldest and by many is considered the most beautiful of Amer- ican rural cemeteries, and is embellished by landscape and horticultural art and many elegant and costly monuments. The goteway is of Quincy granite in the Egyptian style, 60 ft. lon^ and 25 ft. high. The Ohapel, an ornamented Gothic edifice of granite, not far from the gate, contains statues of Winthrop, Otis, John Adams, and Judge Story. Central, Maple, Ohapnl, Spruce, and other leading ave-, nues, afford a circuit of the entire grounds, with a view of the principal monu- ments. The Tower, 60 ft. high, in the rear of the grounds, is 187 ft. above Charles River, and commands a fine view. It is reached by Central, Walnut, and Mountain Avenues. Numerous lakes, ponds, and fountains in various parts of the cemetery add to its beauty. Fore$t Sills, in West Roxbury (reached by horse-oars and w and tho col- it institution, in (levotnd to the ture in Boylaton Meditj! Colhye, Blind is famous wr un'lei ./hoBe on Mt. Washing- ed by the Sisters lite structure on laf, in Harrison l»t mounted bv . nc Hujpuai (lor uoions and state- of Inditttry and f Correction and ■M, a park of 48 e, and laid out in ni)XDi^<^^i>t trees, iiirter it is made aracter. A pond central point in settlement of the tiH much damaged ) gale of Jan. 26, )f the Elm, is the reek cross, richly ^resenting Peace, Inmn, with 4 alle- lulptured in alto- gure of America, 1 eagle, with ont- of bronze, cast in is now separated it, and Gontttins a tory's bronze stat- ;he Sea," and the teesthetic. In the handsome bridge, pecial mention. ty and 4 m. from one of the sights )rty of the Massa- 1831, and contains >eautiful of Amor- -ticnltural art and \cy granite in the rnamented Gothic nthrop, Otis, John other leading ave-, e principal monn- 7 ft. above Charles nut, and Monntain ts of the cemetery by horse-oars and BOHTON. 00 hy Providence R. R). Ik, next to Mount A .burn, the most vlHJtcd of Boston cenio- tcrioH. it is larger and plainer than Mount Aubnrn, but Ih tastefully laid out, uml contftinM «omo fino inoniimvntH. The ontrance is an eli^tant, turreted (totiiic Htruct- iire. \ Hno view may be bad from ' now-tiulvo ('lift". Woodlntrn, 4 m. N. of Bo»- toD .'2m. from C'hels»irying-ground» ' the city itsolf have already bef-n lewribed. s ibirfcb- -Tho environs of IJoHton are remarkably attractive. On almost all Hid "le pictuiosque and venerable ob! townw, and 'be country between, even when nf ■ strictly beautiful, is never Hat uik' inme. ("hark-Ktown, Brighton, Jamaica I'' am, and W. Hoxbury, v annexed in "^T", ,»nd now form part of the city. I'oxbury ail'' Dorc'.i: ^i-r n.ivo been urevioiisly anne.\ear h8 WilliainH'ti Bridge (14 ni.), and then tnkeH the Vuvv Yorkdc New Haven loai' -riich runn through c vend iiretty ftiihiirban towns. (Jreetiwieh (81 in.) is the ' .Ht Httition in Oonneoticut, and U pleannntly i4itUHtertiaches New Haven, across extensive salt meadows. West and East Rocks, two abrupt promontories, 400 and 800 fi. in height, are conspicuous objects. NBW RAVBN. Hotttat The New Hatim ffovie, cor. College and Chapel Sts., is the largest and best ($4- 4.C(» a day). The Tontine (cor. Church anWH, WeBt and Ea»t [•onupicuoiw object*. ., It tlie larne»t and I.) and the Tremont ftt the head of New i)lain surrounded by from London, was a 4. and from 1701 to e of 5 railroads, and Its coasting- trad iding machinery, hard- py, India- rubber goodB, )rincipal thoronghfare, ,f the city. State and n kw, is lined with hnndsome NBW HAVBK. Churrh are aloo Important businoM Btroets, and private rvBidenccs. The number of mngniticvnt clmH with which its isrim-ipal HvonuvB are planted huH oauietl New llaven to be called the " City of KInis.'' They were mostly set out about the cloHe of the iHth century, by Janiex llillhouse, or through his influence and example. The public H(|uaro or '* firaM," in the centre of the city, is a flne lawn magniticently Hhaded, and has in it the State-HouM (where the Lcgixlaturc assembled on alternate years till 1874), the I'entre Church, the N&rth Churrh, and Trinity Church. In the rear of Centre ('hurch is the griivo of the regicide John Uixwell, marked by a marble monument. On the E. side of the (ireen is the lltjf Hal, a very hiindsome building, ill whirl) the courts are held, and the city, town, and county have their local ottices. The CiiUom-lloiue, in Church Ht. near Chapel, Im of I'ortlund stone, and hat apnrtment.x for the Po»t-OjHce and V. H. courts. The other i>rinci|)Hl publio buildings are the Court- I/oiite, in Church St., the Stutt llonpital, the Medical Collegty the Orphan A»ylum, the County Prison, and the Alnuhou»e. The last three are in the W, part of the city. \Voo$ter S^juare, in the E. part, ih an inclosuro of B aores, laid out with remarkable elegance and gooti taste. The Old liuryiny-C round, on Orove Ht. near High, contains many interesting monuments, among which rre those which mark the graves of Theopliiiux Eaton (first Uovernor of New Haven Colony), Roger Hherman (signer of the Declaration), Timothy Dwight, Hei\jiimin Silhman, an(f Noah Webster. The Erergreen Cemetery, on the hank of West River, is large and tastefully adorned, and the New Haven Burying- Ground, N. W. of the citj, ia worth visiting. Across Temple St. from the Green are the grounds of Yale C elncf, (mo of the old- est and most important educational institutions in America. It was founded in 1700, removed t New Haven from Saybrook Point in 1717, and in 1876-76 had 86 instructors ant' 1,061 students. Resides its Academic Department, the College has a Law School, a Medical School, a Hcientiflc School, a Theological School, and a School of the Fine Arts. The most noteworthy biiildingH are the Library, contain- ing 90,0 00 vofuinea; the ■--''M Art Building, containing the Trumbull . collection of ^ historical paintings, the well - known "Jarvea col- lection " of early Italian pictures, some interesting casts from Greek an- tiques, and a f e w modern works of art; the Alumni Hall, in which are hung por- ^he Libr.,y, traits of dis- tinguiahed officers and graduates of the College ; the Old Commons' Hull, containing tlie great geological cabmets; and the new buildings, Durfee Hall and Farnum Hall, at the N. end. These buildings are all in College Square. Just N. of it is the handsome structure of the Theological School ; and still farther K., in Grove St., the hall of the Sheffield Scientific School, with its laboratories, libiary, and scientiflo collections. The Gymnaaiom, said to be the moat complete in the country, is in Library St. 72 IIAND-BUUK UF AMRRIOAN CIliKH. The RnMt hihI Wont U oity, are worth ii viNit. Da*! Bark (rtwu^hed \ty horMc-onrN from thu (irvcn) in IKK) h. high, mill tifi'iinls u wlilu ami hraiitifiil vi«r{nitn>-1' '^ 1!. DlntHiKK, 116 m. Tlims I to l{Jlir. Kun>, $1.10.) TiiiH road as far as Sprin^fHeld, 2it m. Iieyond Hartford, is one of the main high- ways to BoHton, and it (Continues on to tlu^ Canii 's of the banking and insurance com- panies at the beginning of 1874 were over $18^1,0X1,000. The manufactories include iron and brass ware, steam engines and boilers, sewing-machines, firearms, mechan- ics' tools, silver-plated ware, stoneware, woolens, envelopes, cigars, fortilizer^, and a vast number of other productions. The population in 1870 was 87,180. The city is regularly laid out, part of the streets running nearly parallel to the river, and others crossing them E. and W. Mali St., which extends from N. to S. through the principal portion of the city, is the great thoroughfare. On it are the principal public buildings, churches, and retail stores, and for more than a mile it presents an almost unbroken range of brick and stone edifices. State, Commeree, and Aiylum St»., are also the seat of a large and active business. In the out- akirts are many tasteful and elegant residences, and the city, as a whole, is remarka- $1,8 the first 1824 and nect Reti inte of •rvr HARTFORD. n ll|i|iroHrlllnff tlll> Ort'i'ii) in nm rt. hf Niiniiiiit. WM lIno nffortli* an M- ".liulm'H' Cbv«'" if Knttliinil, weiv tlio N. \h Wlntor- n extent, coiitiiin- OH. Sirin Ixor.l. H. W. »f tlioclty, 'hi-iiiii' Wood (the Hjiot. Tlie iiioHt and WooBttT, tlio I. From the hill ■ii)rrnvinn. .'( |hr. Fur*, ♦1.10.) ol' the iiiuin lil^h- ho iKHt route from )f the Oonnceticiit It little of the U)wer until after passing oute hetween New tion. 58t (f 4 tt day).V Tlie Hotel, in Main Bt. 8t beautiful cltieB in 1 on the Connecticut , and is about 8J m. 'ark River, which it* 00 ft. long, connects the Dutch, in 1088, )ut and Park Rivers, colony settled la-re, iplace of one of their in the honor of being tutional araendment, (tensive, not only on e of the great centres and insurance com- nanufactories include es, firearms, raechan- rars, fortilizerf , and a 3 37,180. nearly parallel to the xtends from N. to 8. hfare. On it are the • more than a mile it IS. State, Cotnmeree, Qsiness. In the out- j a whole, is remarka- lilr well built. The Statr-Houtf, an old brick Htruoturo, erected in 1704, standi on State-House 8i|uare, and contalnH the public offices and the Htato Library. In the '•ceretary's otl1(^e is the fainous charter. In the Henate-clinniber is a fidl-length por- trait of Wasliin)(ton, by Htuart, portraits of former colonial and Htate (iovernurs, iind an elegant chair made from the charter-oak. From the cupola on the top of tlie building there is a tine view. The CItji Hal in a handsome building in the Ore- <'ian style, IVonting on Market Ht., near Hiate-llouso Stpiare. The l'o»t ■ Ofjlltm is at 2n2 Main Ht. The (>pera-llou»« (UOn Main Ht.) is an elegant structure with i> tasteful interior. The State Arnenal, in the N. section of the citv, is a large and stately oditlce; and the I'llM DeiMl is one of the finest in New Plngland. 'I'he (,'itp Park (4H acres) is beautifully situatet ami Sailers' NwuMBt, erected by the State in memory of its citizens who fell in the civil war. It was designed by Randolph Rogers, cost ♦60.000, and conrists of a base of blue Westerly granite, with five bronze statues. On the monument are inscribed the names of the soldiers it commemorates, 1,741 in number. There are 76 churches in the city, of which the most notable are: the Fint Baptist, a quain'^ old edifice, erected in 1774— '75, standing in op^^n grounds on the side of a hill (i:!i N. Main St. near President). It was founded in 1639, and is the oldest Baptist society in America. Oraee Church (Episcopal), in Westminster St., is a handsome stone structure, with an exceedingly graceful spire. St. Stephen't (EpiscopaF is a substantial brown-stone edifice, with stained-glass windows, and richly-decorated interior. The Union Congregational, and the Roman Catholic churches of St. Mary and St. Joseph, are fine buildings. On the heights in the E. section of the city stand the 6 handsome buildings of Brawn Vahersl^, an old and important institution of learning. It was founded in 1764, and was first located at Warren, Rhode Island, but was removed to Providence in 1770. Its library con- 76 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN OITIER ti r tains over 40,000 volumes, and is remarkably rich in rare and costly works. The Museum of Natural History contains a valuable collection of specimens ; and the art-collection embraces some good portraits. The grounds comprise 16 acres, and arc beautifully adorned with elms. The Rhode hland Hutorual Society, founded in 1822, occupies a fine brick and granite building opposite the University grounds. It has a library of 6,000 volumes and 85,000 pamphlets, besides a large collection of MSS. and other memorials relating to the history of the State. The AtheiKiB, cor. College and Benefit Bts., is a substantial granite building, containing a reading-room and a well-selected library of 84,000 volumes ; also some valuable paintings, includ- ing portraits by Allston and Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Malbone's masterpiece. The Butler Hospital for the Insane occupies large and imposing buildings on the W. bank of Seekonk River, surrounded by extensive grounds. The Dexter Asylum for the Poor is a fine edifice of brick, situated on elevated land £. of the rive in Hope St. The grounds, which comprise about 40 acres, are inclosed by a stone w.ill 8 ft. high. The Rhode Island Hospital has stately buildings surrounded by pleasant grounds in the S. part of the city, fronting on the harbor. The R^orm School occupies the large mansion in the 8. E. section of the city, formerly known as the Tockwotton House ; and near by is the Home for Aged Women. The State Prison is a gloomy structure on the N. side of the cove, near the depot. Besides the promenades about the cove, there are several small public squares. Roger Williams Park, containing about 100 acres, is L>ear the W. shore of Narra- gansett Bay, in the S. part of the city ; it was devised to the city in 1871 l)y Betsey Williams, a descendant of Roger Williams. Swan Paint CcHCtery, tastefully laid out and elegantly ornamented, is on the £. bank of the Seekonk River, near the Butler Hospital for the Insane. At Cranston, 4 m. W. of Providence, is the famous Narragansett Trotting Park. A favorite drive is to Hunfs Mill (3i m.), where there is a beautiful brook with a picturesque little cascade. F«« de VEau is the name of a spacious summer-hotel, picturesquely perched upon a high terrace 4 ni. below the city, overlooking the Bay and the country for many miles around. Pawt\ 'xet, 6 m. from the city on the W. shore of the Bay, has a fine beach and excellent bathing. Below is Oaspie Point, which was the scene of a noted exploit during the Revolution. Some citizens of Providence, after ad.'oitly beguiling a Britiali sloop-of-war (the Gasp^e) upon the treacherous bar, stole down by night in boats and after capturing the crew burned the vessel to the water's edge. Rofky Point, equidistant between Providence and Newport, is an attractive summer retreat, among shady groves and rocky glens, on the W. shore. Here is a good hotel with batliing-houses attached, and a tower, 170 ft. high, affording a charming view of the Bay ond the adjacent country. But the plftce is chiefly famous for its clam-bakes, which are nnequalcd elsewhere. Marked Rock is another poi)ular excursion-place, a few miles higher up the Bay. In suiumer-time, steamers leave Providence almost eve^y hour for the various resorts on the Bay (50c. for the round trip), ana 4 times daily for Newporc. PHII.AI>EIJ>HIA TO PITTSBURa (Fia Pennsylvania Ceniral R. B. Distance, 855 m. Time, l!i-14 brs. Fare, tlO.) This fine line constitutes one of the chief highways of travel and traffic between the Atlantic coact and the Western States. It extends from the city of Philadel- phia through the entire length of Pennsylvania to the Ohio River at Pittsburg, where it connects with routes for all parts of the West, Southwest, and Northwest. At various points along the router is some of the most beautiful scenery to be found in America. For the first hundred miles after leaving Philadelphia, the road runs through tlie rich agricultural counties of Chester, Lancaster, and Dauphin, in which the size and solidity of the houses and barns, and the perfection of the cultivation, more nearly resemble the best farming districts of England than any other portion of the United States. On either hand may be seen an almost constant succession tly works. The sinaens; and the ise 16 acres, and Society, founded versity grounds. rge collection of le AtkciKiH, cor. g a reading-room aintingB, includ- asterj-iece. The on the W. bank Atylum for the rive- in Hope St. le w,ill 8 ft. high. asant grounds in ool occupies the the Tockwotton 'mon is a gloomy [ill public squares. . shore of Narra- n 1871 by Betsey tastefully laid out r, near the Butler tt Trotting Park. iful brook with a )us summer-hotel, erlooking the Bay the city on the W. f is Oatpee Point, Some citizens of Gasp6e) upon the pturing the crew jtwoen Providence proves and rocky es attached, and a I adjacent country, sqnaled elsewhere. Wgher up the Bay. r for the various Newporc. Fare, |10.) ind traffic between e city of Philadel- iver at Pittsburg, st, and Northwest, ienery to be found road runs through hin, in which the of the cultivation, any other portion onstant succession "51 PITTSBURG. 77 of quaint old houses, of stone or brick, surrounded by orchards and shade-trees, and Htanding in the midst of a country singularly park-like in character ; while it brief intervals towns and villages cluster along the line. The first place of importance is Lancaster (70 m.), which was once the principal inland town of Pennsylvania, and the seat of the State government from 1799 to 1812. It is now a prosperous manu- facturing city of 20,000 inhabitants, containing many fine building, public and pri- vate. Hirrlsbarg (107 m.) is ihe present capital of Pennsylvania, and is beauti- fully situated on the E. bank of the Susquehanna River. It cates tVom 1786, and in 1870 had a populati m of 24,796. The State-House is a fine old building, situ- ated upon a commanding eminence N. of the city, and is plainly visible from the cars. A little S. of it stands the State Arsenal. About 6 m. above Harrisburg the railroad ;iros8es the Susquehanna on a sitlendid hridge 8,G70 ft. long ; the view from the centro of the bridge is one of the finest on the .ine. Duneannon (122 m.) is at the entrance to the beautiful Juniata Valley, which is followed for about 100 m. to the base of the Alleghany Mountains. The landscape o^ the Juniata is in the high- est degree picturesque. The mountain background, as we look continually across the river from the cars, is often strikingly bold snd mfgestio. The passage through the Great Tuscarora Mountain, 1 m. W. of Netuoort (185 m.), is especially fine. Mount Union Station (193 m.) is at the entrance of the gap at Jack's Mountain. 3 m. beyond is the famous Sidling Hill, and still farther W. the Broad Top Moun- tain. At Tyrone City (224 m.) the line enters the Tuckahoe Valley, noted for its iron-ore. At Altoona (239 m.), which is a handsome city of 15,000 inhabitants, the ascent of the Alleghanies begins ; and in the course of the next 11 miles some of the finest scenery and the greatest feats of engineering on the entire line are to be seen. Within this distance the road mounts to the tunnel at the sun:mit by so steep a grade that while in the ascent double power is required to move the triuu, the entire 11 m. of descent are run without steam, the speed of the train being regulated- by the " brakes." At one point there is a curve w', o'l.ort as the letter U, and that, too, where the grade is so steep that in looking across from side to side it se^ms that, were the tracks laid contiguous to each other, thej would form a letter X. The road hugs the sides of the mountains, and from the windows nezt to the valley the traveler can look down on houses and trees dwarfed to toys, while men and ani- mals appear ike ants from the great elevation. Going west, the left-hand, and coming east, the right-hand side of the cars is most favorable for enjoy'ig the scene.-y. The summit of the mountain is pierced by a tunnel 3,670 tl. long, through which the train passes before commencing to descend the W. slope. Johnstown (277 m.), at the junction of Stony Creek with Oonemaugh River, commands some attractive scenery. The Cambria Iron-Works, seen lo the r. of the road, are among the most extensive in America. At Blairsville (301 m.) the road forks and runs by two distinct routes to Allegheny City and Pittsburg. From this point there k nothing calling for especial mention, though the intervening country on either route is most bAHutiful and picturesque. PITTSBT7RO. Httds t Hfonongahela House ($4 a day), cor. Water and Sraithfleld Sts. ; the Union Depot ($3.50 :. day), in the railroad depot ; and the St. Charles, cor. 8d Ave. and Wood St. Near the depot are the ^S'^ James and Rush Hoteh, on the European plan. PITTSBURG, the second city of Pennsylvania in population and importance, is situated at the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela Rivers, which here form the Ohio. The city proper occupies the delta between the two rivers, and in 1870 had a population of 86,076 ; but in 1873 and 1874 enough of the subur- ban towns were annexed to raise the population (according to the census of 1870) to 121,799. The population in 1875 was e'timated by the local authorities at 140,- 000. Pittsburg was laid out in 1765 on the site of the old French Fort dn Quesne, famous in colonial annals, and on its capture by the British the name was changed to Fort Piit, in honor of William Pitt. The city charter was grar^ted in 1816. In i Bp 78 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICA!^ CITIES. 1846 a conflagrntion destroyed the entire bumneiis qaarter, consuming $5,000,000 worth of property. The city is substantially an<] compactly built, and contains many fine residences, particularly in the E. section. A large number of the princi- pal avenues art graded and paved. Horse-cars run tlirou ,'h the principal streets, and to the suburbs. Seven bridges span the Alleghauy River and 6 the Mononga- PIttBburs hela. From its situation, Pittsburg eiyoys excellent commercial facilities, and has become the centre of an extensive commerce with the Western States ; while its vicinity to the inexhaustible iron and coal mines of Pennsylvania has raised it to great and merited distinction as a manufacturing centre. The extent of its inm manufactures has given it the appellation of the " Iron City," while the heavy pall of smoke that constantly overhangs it, produced by burning bituminous coal in all the dwelling-houses and manufacturing establishments, has caused it to be styled the "Smoky City." About one-fourth of the pig-iron and blooms of tht United States is used by the rolling-mills of Pittsburg, of which there are 16 ; and about 150 minor iron-establishments convert the product of these mills into machinery and implements for agriculture and domestic use. The annual value of the iron manufactures is about $30,000,000. There are 8 steel- works, of which the average annual product is valued at $7,000,000 ; and 5 copper-manufactories with an annual product worth $3,000,000. The glass-manufacturing establishments are nearly 50 m number, producing articles of the annual value of about $11,000,000. Pittsburg is also largely identified with the production of petroleum, and contains numerous Vefineries. The stranger will have missed the city's most characteristic sights if he fails to visit some of its g^eat manufacturing establishments, particularly those of iron and glass. The Ameriean Iron- Workt alone employ 2,500 hands and cover 17 acres ; and the Fort Pitt Works are on a gigantic scale. Smithfleld St. is the principal business thoroughfare, and trade is very active in Penn and Liberty Sts., and Mh Ave., which contains many handsome retail stores. Among the public buildings are the MuMpal Hall, cor. Smithfleld and Virgin Sts., costing ^750,000, with a granite front and a massive central tower; the Court- t'-vue., a solid stone edifice, cor. 5th Ave. and Grant St., with a columned portico an' urmounted by a dome; the Cu»tom-Hou»e and Post-Office, a commodious C-;A°^H TIIW^.aekttt.VrKMAIL'ir.A...* •ir »» 'I . ' "MI 'I ft i 3-,. MM ALLSOnENY CITY. 79 Iming $6,000,000 lit, and contains \er of the princi- ;)rincipal streets, the Monon^a- facilities, and has 1 States; while its ia has raised it to extent of its iron hile the heavy pall jminous coal in all led it to be stylel..-ill. tnviirri"! ifrtS«««i ili'r^aVVli'il^hTftWi'tiV'iiii Vt>' •'ifrjiiiii'lriilii '■V^Ti'iin'iiii^ii' 80 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. ;! M' inent to Humboldt. Oa a lofty crest near the Alleghany in the E. pr rt of the city stands the SaMlen^ MMaa«at, erected to the memory of the 4,000 men of Alleghany Co. who lost their lives in the civil war. It consists of a gracefil column, snr- rounded at the base with statues of an infantry-man, a cavalry-man, an artillerist, and a sailor, and surmounted by a bronze female figure of colossal size. A tine viev. is obtained from this point. NEW YORK TO OHIO AOOu— ROUTE J. (FidNowTork Central & Hadson River K. R., and Great Western and Hlcbigan CentrnI Railways. Dlitance, fl61 m. Time, abont 86 hrs. Fare, $82.) Fbom New York City to Albany this route is substantially the same as that described in the trip by steamer up the Hudson iliver. (See p. 51.) From the cars, however, only the W. bank of the river is visible, and tlie most attractive portions of the scenery are missed. The portion of the route between Albany and Rochester has also been described. (See p. 55.) Leaving Koohesfr. the road runs through a rich agricultural region, passing two or three small bni pretty towns, to Loel^ort (429 m. from New York), a tliriving little city of 15,000 inhabitants, famous for its limestone-quarries and its manufacture of flour. Here, the wonderful system of locks by which the Frie Canal descends from the level of Lake Erie to the Genesee level, is visible '^rom the windows of the cars. At Supcnsion Bridge (448 m.) the train crosses the Niagara River, In full view of the Falls and of the rapids rushing toward the whirlpool be.ow. The bridge itself is worth attentioa as one of the achievements of modern engineering. It is 800 ;. long from tower to tower, is 258 ft. above the water, and was fln'shed in 1853 at a cost of $600,000. A carriage and foot way is suspended 28 ft. be ow the railway-tracks. From Snspensiuu Bridge to Detroit, the route runs through Canada, and is most uninteresting. In the neighborhood of St. Oatharine^s (459 ra.) and Homilton (4R0 m.) there is some attractive scenery, but with these exceptions everything is dull, flat, and monotonous, and the traveler will bo glad when, emergbg from a deep cut, he suddenly comes upon the bank of the Detroit Rive "* Windsor (678 m.), opposite Detroit, Michigan. Here the train is tr.:;isferred to ...a other side of the river on a steam ferry-boat, and the route is resumed on the line of the Michigan Central R. R. Befroit (679 m.) is fully de- scribed below. From Detroit to Chicago the* road runs through a fine agricultural country, tlie general aspect of which is pleasing, especially in spring and summer, but whicli is not of a striking or picturesque character. In many places it passes through dense virgin woods, and in others across and along the winding rivers which abundantly water tliis section of Michigan. The only towns on the line call- ing for special notice are Ann Arbor (715 m.), a very pleasant place, famous as the seat of the University of Michigan, one of tlie noblest institutions .>f learning in Airerica ; Jacknon (753 m.), a city of about 11,000 inhabitants, containing the State Prison, and numerous manufactories; and Kalamazoo, which >ias the reputation of being the most beautiful town in the State, whioii contains several important educa- tional institutions, and which is the site of the "State Asylum for the Insane." DBTROIT. Hotels I The three leading hotels are the Emsell House, fronting on the Campus Ma"tius, the Biddle House, and the Michigan Exchange. DETROIT, the chief city of Michigan, is situated on the banks of the Detroit River, a noble stream or rather strait 20 in. long, connecting Lakes Erie and St. Clair, and affording the best harbor on the entire chain of the Great Lakes. The river varies in width from i to 1 m., has a current of from 2 to 3 in. "n hour, and is noted for the clearness and purity of its deep, fish-teeming waters. The city extends along the Imnk for about 7 m., and is built up for about 2^ m. from ch'; water. For at least 6 m., the river-front is lined with mills, dry-docks, ship-yards, fonnderies, grain-elevators, railway-depots, and warehouses. For a short distance from the river-bank the ground rises gradually, and then becomes perfectly level, ■'."nishing te*^ L wuk di* |pfrt of the city BD of Alleghany |fi 1 ooiumn, anr- m, an artillerist, ze. A fine viev. |ii Centrnl Railway!. le same as that From the care, [tractive portions y and Rochester runs through a ns, to Loehport ts, famous for its lerful system of e to the Genesee 448 m.) the train s rushing toward the achievements 258 ft. above the and foot way is ?o to Detroit, the ^hborhood of aS'^. tive scenery, but the traveler will the bank of the lere the train is and the route is 9 m.) is fully de- fine agricultural ring and summer, f places it passes e winding rivers i on the line call- ;e, famous as the ns .if learning in itaining the State the reputation of important educa- the Insane." ig on the Campus :s of the Detroit ^ Lalies Erie and reat Lakes. The a. "Ti hour, and is The .'ity extends civs waicr. For 'ards, foniideries, istance from the level, /.I'-nishing DETROIT. 81 an admirable site for ^ large city. Detroit is laid out upon two plans: the one that of a circle with avenues radiating from the Grand Circus as a centre ; the other that of streets orojsing each other at right angles. The result is a slight degree of intri- cacy in certain localities, which inconvenience is more than compensated by a num- Dotrolt. ber of little triangular parks which diversify and ornament the place. Tbe avenues are from 100 to 200 ft. wide ; the streets vary in width from 50 to 10< li.. nd are generally shaded by an abundance of trees. The site of Detroit was it.it ' <> by the French as early as 1610; 'jut no permanent settlement was made until ~ . when Fort Pontchartrain was built. In 1768 it passed into the hands of the English, and immediately afterward was besieged for 11 months by Pontiac in his attempt to expel the whites from that region. In 1788 Detroit was ceded to the United States, but the Americans did not take possession of it till 1706. During the war of 1812 it fell into the hands of the British, but was recaptured in 1813. It was incorporated as a city in 1824, when its population was less than 2,000, and in 1870 had 79,577 inhabitants. The manufactures of the city are numerous and important, including extensive iron-works and machine-shops, 8 railroad-car factories, flour-mills, brew- eries, and immense tobacco and cigar factories. The shipping interests are also large, while pork and fish packing emplmr numerous hands. The principal streets of the city are Jefferson Ave., j)arallel with the river; WMd- ward ATf >, which crosses the former at right angles, and divides the city into two nearly equal parts; and Fort St., Michigan Ave., Grand Siver Ave., and Oratiot St., at various angles vv-ith Woodward Ave. Wert F«l St is a broad and beautiful street, lined with elegant residences; and Lafayette Ave, is a fashionable street. Oiiawold St. is the Wall St. of the city. The Grand Circus, the principal park, is semicircular in form, and is divided by Woodward Ave. into two quadrants, each containing a fountain. About ^ m. from the Grand Circus is the Camput Martius, an open space 600 ft. long and 260 ft. wide, which is crossed by Woodward and Michigan Avenues, and from which radiate Monroe Ave. and Fort St. Facing the Oaibpus Martius on the W. is the.new City HaD, a handsome structnre 200 ft. long, 90 ft. wide, and 180 ft. high to the top of the tower, completed in 1871, at a cost of $600,000. It is built of sandstone in the Italian style, and consists of 3 stories above the basement, with a Mansard roof. In the square in front of the City Hall is a fine r jli-ii 1 .-' J> iiWr ■ i'«.vi'. ah'M.iii'.'.- ilk ;.. -I Ji. !.'"».. '■ltlllili"lii^ii Chicago nia Erie Railwity, it is incor- rectly stated that Dunkirk is includeu in the route. The regular through- trains diverge fu the west at Salamanca (418 m. from New York), passing through Meaf'.ville, and the oil-region of Pennsylvania, to Cleveland. Ticket* may be procured via Buffalo and Dunkirk if preferred. the r. a p'cture of rare and bewitcnmg beauty, i nis nrsi gimipae oi hw lyusqumtuimu is esteemed one of the finest points of the varied scenery of the Erie route. A sbct distance below, we cross the great Stamcea Viaduet, 1,200 ft. long and 110 ft. high, constructed at a cost of $820,000. From the vicinity of Susquehanna, the next sta- tion (198 m.), the viaduct itself makes a most effective feature of the valley views. For a few miles beyond Susquehanna the route still lies amid mountain-ridges, bat these are soon left behind, and we enter upon a beautiful hilly and rolling country, thickly dotted with villages and towns. Binghamton (215 m.) Is a flourishing city of 13,000 inhabitants, an important railroad centre, and the sitd of the State Inebri- ate Asylum. Twenty-one miles farther we come to Oteego, a large and prosperous manufacturing town, and then to Elmira (274 m.), tlie most important city on the road, with a population of 16,868. At Hornellsvill: (882 m.) we reach the last and least interesting division of the road, and soon after begin to descend to the Lake Erie level, passing through a wild and desolate region, with few marks of human habitation. At Dunkirk (460 m.) we reach the junction with the Lake Shore line, and leave the State of New York, crossing the upper corner of Pennsylvania to Eri« (608 m.), an old, pleasant, and Important city on Lake Erie. The country now be- comes more picturesque and more thickly settled, and numerous small towns cluster along the line. Conneaut (686 m.) is the first station in Ohio ; but the first place of any importance is Cleveland (603 m.), which will now be described. (For con- tinuation of the route beyond Cleveland, see p. 86.) r \! ■ M HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN C1TIE8. Sodiitrn^ Monument, enacted in memory ot'th« MinliitraD RoldiurM whufell inthooivil war. FftoinK tlie C'ttnipim Murtiuit on the N. is the Oytra-HMW, one of the lar^teHt anil moBt elugant hnihliii^B of the kind in the oountrj. The t'uitom- /fou*t, which all!) contain* the Pout- Ojfire, in a largo Htuno huildinK in (irinwold Ht. The lioard nf 'JVaiU liuilding h another fine editice, but it is iint'urtunately located in WoiMlhridge 8t., noar the river, where Its '^ne i>roportion» cannot be neen to advantage. The I>clKlit*llc|Mt of the Micliigan < '•■nl K. K. \n one of the most noteworthy Mtruoturei in the city. It Htundn on tlie /. and consistH of a HJngle room, 1,250 ft. long and 102 ft. wide, covered by a self-austaining roof of corrugated iron. In th<)iminediato vicinity are the groat Wheat- Elevator of the company, from the unpolu of whidi a superb view of the city, river, and Laices Ht. (^'lair and Erie, may be had; and the Jiouml Ilouie, in which 16 locomotives Htand under a dome Murpassed in size only by that of the Capitol at Washington. Besides the Opera-House, there are theOer'"an StaiU- Theater, and several large public hulls. The churches of Detroit are noted for their number and beauty. St. Anne't (ko- UAn Catholic), Larned Ht. "or. of Bates, is the oldest church in the city, and In noted for it» i^ne choir. The Cathedral tf St. Peter wmI St. Pail (Roman Catholic), Jefferson Ave. nr.f> .,«' Q» /lnfn!n»Uf t,. >Kn l.< r.l..,>..>. „.i;a»o view of the Canada shore, t'tmteood Cemetery is a beautiful bury'ng-ground with- in the city lim'ts (readied by horse-cars). Woodmere Cemetery, on high ground, 4 m. W. of the city, is of rocsent origin. Fort Wayne is a bastioned redoubt,, about 8 m. below the Michigan Central De- pot, standing upon the Imnk of the riv «.t and completely commanding the channel. The Fort St. and Elmwoo. Time, abont 86 hn. Pare, Wa.) The Erie Railw ay, over which this route passes for the first 400 m., is one of the greatest triumphs of engineering skill in this or any other country, and affords some i. wm Mm ^iAlMH NEW YOKK TO CHICAGO. 88 ihu fell in tho oivil lone of the lar^eHt mtom-//ou»e, which pt. Tiie Hoard qf led in Wo(Mll)ridffe \ ml vantage. The [worthy Htruoturei l,2«0ft. iongand In th>; itninediato luiipolu of which a w be bad ; and the tsvd in size only by |re are the Oor'^an fit. Annt^t (ho- Ity, and in notea for i<0. JefferBon Ave. "■■m ry'ng-ground with- oii high ground, 4 ohigan Central Be- nding the channel. r it, and it is also a island in the river 08. Oroue Point, Clair. It is noted over a good road, ide, and is a favor- ave beantifal sum- ihing, boating, and in Lake Erie, near Detroit there is a ?■ Time, about SB hn. Om., is one of the , and afforda some of the grandent and ntONt varied scenery to be found cast of the Rocky Mountain*, ^'ortions of the line went conaidfred inipusMable to any other than u wiiigey mnsfue viaducts. For the flrst !tl m. the road traverses the Htate of New Jersey, passing tliruugh the great manufacturing city of Puterton (17 U).), famed for the beautiful falls of the I'aSHHic. Just this side of Sujff'ern^$ Station, it crosMs the line and enters tlie State of New York, commencing the ascent of the famous Kamupo Valh^. At Sloatthura (!I6 m.) the road pusses near Greenwood Lake, a noted summer resort, around wliicn are a number of pretty little lakes. Tumer'$ UH m.) is the most pioturoB<|ue station on this portion of tlie line. The view from the hill N. of the station is snporb, the Hudson Kiver, with Fishkill and Newburg, being in sight. On approaching Otit- title (76 ni.). the eye is attracted l)y the bold tiunks of the Hhawangunk Mountain, tlie passage of which great barrier (once deemed insurmountable) is a miracle of engineering skill. A mile beyond Otisville, after traversing an ascending grod* of 40 ft. to the mile, the road runs through a rock-cutting SO ft. deep and 2.600 ft. long. This passed, the suiii.nit of the ascent is reached, and thence we go down the mountain's side many sloping miles to the valley beneath, through the midst of grand and picturesque scenery. Onward the way increaHes in interest, until it opens in a glimpse, awar over the valley, of the mountain-spur known as the (hiddehaek ; and at its base the glittering water is seen, now for the first time, of the Delaware & Hudson Canal. Eight miles beyond Otisville we are imnrisonod in a deep out for nearly a mile, and, on emerging f^om it, there lies Hi>reaa before us (on the r.) the rich and lovely valley and waters of the Nevertink. lieyond sweeps a chain of blue hills, and at their feet, terraced high, gleam the roofs and spires of the town of Port Jervi* (88 m.) ; while to the B. the eye rests upon the waters of the Delaware, along the banks of which tho line runs for the next 00 m. At Shohola (107 m.) we find ourselves among some of the greatest engineering successes of the Erie route, and some of its chief pictorial charms. Here the road lies on the mountain-side, several hundred feet above the river, along a mighty gully, supported by grand natural abut- ments of jagged rock. Upon 8 m. of this Bhohola section, upward of |800,0U0 were expended. At Depotit (177 m.) the valley of the Delaware is left, and we begin the ascent of the high mountain-ridge which separates it from the lovely valley of the tiusquehanna. As the train descends into the latter valley, there opens suddenly on the r. a picture of rare and bewitching beauty. This first glimpse of the Sutquehanna is esteemed one of the finest points of the varied scenery of the Erie route. A short distance below, we cross the groat Starueea Viaduct, 1,200 ft. long and 110 ft. high, constructed at a cost of $820,000. From the vicinity of Suiqtiehanna, the next sta- tion (108 m.), the viaduct itself makes a most efl^ective feature of the valley views. For A few miles beyond Susquehanna the route still lies amid mountain-ridges, bnt these are soon left behind, and we enter upon » beautiful hilly and rolling country, thickly dotted with villages and towns. Binghamton (216 m.) is a flourishing city of 18,000 inhabitants, an important railroad centre, and the site of the State Inebri- ate Asylum. Twenty-one miles farther we come to Owego, a large and prosperous manufacturing town, and then to Elmira (274 m.), tlie most important city on the road, with a population of 16,808. At Hornellnilh (882 m.) we reach the last and least interesting division of the road, and soon after begin to descend to the Lake Erie level, passing through a wild and desolate region, with few marks of human habitation. At Dunkirk (460 m.) we reach the junction with the Lake Shore line, and leave the State of New York, crossing the upper corner of Pennsylvania to Erit (508 m.), an old, [ileosant, and important city <>n Lake Erie. The country now be- comes more picturesque and more thickly settled, and numerous small towns clu8t<3r along the line. Conneaut (686 m.) is the first station in Ohio ; but the first place of any importance is Cleveland (608 m.), which will now be described. (For con- tinuation of the route beyond Cleveland, «m p. 86.) IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 1^ II— 112 2.5 ta IM IIIII2.2 l.j 2.0 1.8 Photographic Sciences Corporation « 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ ^ 6" — ► 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 "W^ru? CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques \\ vV II ■ ..„,-, ['-',> ll'.7"l" 84 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. OLBVELAND. Hotetet The best are the Weddell House, oor. Superior and Bank Sts., the Ken- nard House, and the American House. There are numerous second and third class houses, some of them well kept. CLEVELAND, the second city in size and importiince in Ohio, is situated on the S. shore of Lake Erie, nt tlie mouth of tiie Cuyahoga lliver. Originally the town was confined to the E. bank of the river, but subsequently Brooklyn, or Ohio City, sprung up on the opposite side, and both parts are now united under one cor- poration. Tlie greater portion of the city stands on a gravelly plain, elevated about 100 ft. above the lake. The river passes through it in a winding course, affording an excellent harbor, which has been improved by dredging out a commodious ship- channel (branching from tlie river near its mouth), and by the erection of 2 piers 200 ft. apart, stretching several hundred feet into the lake. On the E. pier is a lighthouse, and another stands on the cliff above. The city is laid out with much taste, chiefly in sfjuares, the streets l)eing remarkably wide and well paved. The abundonce of shade-trees, chiefly majUe, has given it the title of the "forest City." The business blocks are mostly of brick and stone, from 3 to 5 stories high, and a large proportion of the dwellings are constructed of the same materials. Several bridges Cleveland, from the Reservoir. cross the Cuyahoga, connecting the different portions of the city, and there are seven lines of horse-cars. The growth of Cleveland has been very rapid. It was laid out in 1796, but in 1880 contained only 1,000 inhabitants. It received its first impetus from the completion in 1834 of the Ohio Canal, which connects Lake Erie at this point with the Ohio River at Portsmouth. A further stimulus was given after 1860 by the development of the railroad system, and since 1860 its prosperity has been greatly increased by the rapid extension of mannfaotaring industry. In 1870 the population was 92,820, but it is now estimated at more than 160,000. The com- 3rce of the city is very large, especially with Canada and the mining regions of i^ake Superior. The most important manufactures are of iron and coal-oil ; in the production of refined petroleum Cleveland is second only to Pittsburg. Other im- portant products are sulphuric acid, wooden-ware, agricultural implements, marble lank Sts., the Ken- tond and third elass is situated on the ■ver. Originally the Brooklyn, or Ohio lited under one oor- laln, elevated about iig course, affording a commodious ship- ) erection of 2 piers 3n the E. pier is a laid out with much well paved. The the "Forest City." ries high, and a large Is. Several bridges and there are seven )id. It was laid out 'ed its first impetus I Lake Erie at this vas given after 1860 prosperity has been ustry. In 1870 the 160,000. The com- I mining regions of and coal-oil ; in the ttsburg. Other im- implements, marble CLEVELAND. 86 and titone, railroad-oars, and white-lead. Pork-paoking is also carried on to some extent. The main business thoroughfare ot the oity is Superior St., on which are the larger retail stores, banks, and hotels. Other important business streets are River, Merwin, Water, and Ontario St*. EnM AvCt is lined with elegant residences, each surrounded by ample grounds, and is considered the handsomest street in the coun- try. Prospect St., parallel to the avenue, ranks next in beauty. The square known as MMiaeaUl Park, which occupies 10 acres near the centre of the city, was formerly open to foot-passengers only, but since 18<>6 it has been divided into four smaller 8(]uare8 by the extension of Superior St. from E. to W., and of Ontario St. from N. to S. The square is shaded with fine trees, and is admirably kept. In the centre stands a statue of Commodore Perry, the hero of the battle of Lake Erie, erected in 1860 at a cost of $8,000. The pedestal is of Rhode Island granite, 12 ft. high; the statue itself is of Italian marble and is 8 ft. 2 in. high. In front of the pedestal is a marble medallion representing the passage of Perry in a small boat from the Law- rence to the Niagara during the heat of the battle. In the N. W. corner of the park there is a handsome fountain ; and in the H. W. a pool and cascade. W. of tlie river is andtlier park, called the Circle, which has a fountain in the centre, and is finely adorned with shade-trees. The United States building fronting on the park, containing the Custom-Home, Post-Office, and Federal courts, is a fine stone structure, as are also the City-Hall and the County Cotirt-House which also front on the park. Case HaU, a beautiful edifice near the park, contains, besides the rooms of the Cleveland Library Association, and numerous offices and stores, a fine hall capable of seating 1,500 persons and used for lectures, concerts, etc. The principal place for dramatic entertainments is the Academy of Music, a plain brick buildmg in Bank St., besides which there are a Bohemian theatre, a German theatre, a Theatre Comique, and several public halls for lectures, etc. The CbIm Ballwajr Depat, built in 1866, is a massive stone structure, one of the largest of its kind in the world. On the keystone over the main entrance is a bass-relief portrait of Mr. Amasa Stone, under whose supervision the depot was built. There are similar portraits of Grant and Lincoln, and various symbolical designs upon keystones at either end of the building. The Water- Works stand near the lake, W. of the river. By means of a tunnel extending 6,600 ft. under the lake, pure water is obtained, which is forced by two powerful engines into a large reservoir, occupying the highest point W. of the river, whence it is distributed tlirough the city. The Bcsenob* is a popular resort, and affords a broad and beautifVil view over the city, lake, and surrounding country. Of the 88 churches in the city, the Ncthtdist Chnrth, cor. Erie St. and Euclid Ave., is the finest. It is of stone, with a lofty spire, and has an elegant chapel in the rear. The Roman Catholic Cathedral is a large and handsome building in the Oothio style ; and Trinity Church (Ep'isoopal) is an imposing edifice, also in the Gothic style. The First, Second, and Third Presbyterian churches are all fine structures. Among the educational institutions, the Cleveland Midieal College, founded in 1848, is the most important. It occupies an imposing struct- ure on, the corner of Erie And St. Clair Sts. The Cleveland Female Seminary, in Woodland Ave., is a fine building; and the two High-School buildings are handsome edifices of brick and stone. The Cleveland Library Association has a library and reading-room in Case Hall. The library contains about 16,000 volumes, selected with special reference to the wants of students and persons of culture. The Piiblids Library, opened in 1869, contains about 10,000 volumes. It is free, and is supported by an annual tax upon the citizens of one-tenth of a mill, which produced in 1870 a revenue of $4,000. On the shore of the lake, near the Medical College, stands the extensive build- ing of the V. S. Marine Hospital. The Charity Hospital, in Perry St., was estab- lished partly by the city and partly by private subscriptions, and is attended by the Sisters of Charity. The Homaopathic Hospital, on University Heights, has a large building. Connected with it is a Homoeopathio College, which is a flourishing in- stitution, admitting female students. The Hou»e of Correction, on the E. outskirts 7' 86 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. of tlie oHy, is a large and handsome Btruotnre, for the confinement and utilizing of city offenders. The City Irifirmary, to wliich the sick and homeless poor are talcen, has attached to it a good farm, which is worked hy the inmates of the insti- tntion. Cleveland has three heautiful cemeteries. City Cemetery, in Erie St., is laid ont with rectangular wallco shaded with trees, and contains many tine monuments. Woodlawn Cemetery, more recently opened, is on the E. boundary of the city. It is prettily liiid out with paths winding amid the native trees and abundant shrubbery, and is ricii in monuments and statuary. Lake View Cemetery, containing 800 acres, is in Euclid Ave, about 5 m. from tlie city. It is 250 ft. above the uvelof the lake, ooinniands extensive views, and, tliough only opened in 1870, has already been greatly beautified and adorned. Resuming the route westward to Chicago, at the distance of 81 m. from Cleve- land we come to Oberlin, noted .. ^ the seat of Oberlin College, from wMch no per- son is excluded on account either of sex or color. This college, founded in 1884, combines manual labor with study, inculcates entire social equality between whites and blacks, and has had a prosperous career. ToMo (715 in. from New York) is an important point, and within a few years has developed from an inconsiderable vil- lage into a large and rapidly-growing city. In 1860 the population was 8,820; in 1870 it was 81,693, and is now estimated at 50,000. It is situated on the Maumee River, 4 m. from a broad and beautiful bay, and 12 m. from Lake Erie, of which it is regarded as one of the ports. Its commerce is very large, consisting chiefly of the handling of grain ; and its nranufactures are numerous and important, includ- ing oar-factories, iron-works, locomotive-shops, furniture-factories, flour-mills, and breweries. The best hotels are the Ohio House, Island House, and American ; and the handsomest buildings in the city are the churches and schoolhouses. At To- ledo the road branches, one division running through Southern Michigan and known as tlie Michigan Southern Division, the other running through Indiana, and known as the Air-Line, The former is the one usually followed by the through-trains, and the same rich agricultural country is traversed by both. Adrian (747 m.) is the largest city in Southern Michigan, and is a handsomely-built town. Its popula- tion in 1870 was 8,458. At Elkhart, Ind. (857 m.), the two divisions of tlie road unite again ; and the route from there to Chicago is through a flat prairie-country which has been well described as having " a face but no features." The principal stations on this portion of the line are Miehawaka (887 m.). South Bend (868 m.), and La Porte (899 m.), all in Indiana. Chicago is described on p. 89. NBW TORE TO OBIOKQO.— ROUTE 111. (Via " Faa-Handle Ronte," which inclade* the PennsylvuiU R. R., and the Pltubaix, Cinclmutti ft St. Lonla R. R. DUtance. MS m. Time, 85 bre. Fare, f)2.) TnB portion of this route lying between New York and Philadelphia is de- scribed on p. 20. That portion lying between Philadelphia and Pittsburg is also described on p. 76. At Pittaburg (446 m. from New York) the train takes the track of ^he Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis R. R., which crosses four States and traverses the rich agricultural regions of the Great West. Steuhenville (488 m.) is picturesquely situated upon an elevated plain on the W. bank of the Ohio River. It 18 the centre of an extensive trade, and is the seat of an academy for boys and of a noted female seminary. Newark (605 m.) is situated at the junction of the three forks of Licking River, and is a handsome town, the streets being wide and abundantly shaded, and the stores, churches, and dwellings, well built. The next important station is Columbut (688 m.), which will now be described. (For the oontinuation of the route beyond Columbus, tee p, 89.) . JS A . ,,_^ it and utilizing aelesB poor are Ites of the insti- le St., is laid ont \ne monuments, of tbe city. It [idant shrubbery, aininff 300 acres, J the level of tiie llias already been m. from Oleve- wMoh no per- bunded in 1884, r between whites New York) is an iconsiderable vil- on was 8,820 ; in on the Maumee Erie, of which it isisting chiefly of mportant, includ- flour-mills, and d American ; and ilhouses. At To- ihigan and known liana, and known le through-trains, .drian (747 m.) is own. Its popula- isions of the road at prairie-country B." The principal th Bend (668 m.), .89. * I. IttabniR, Cincinnati & hilad'ilphia is de- Pittsburg is also le train takes the rosses four States subenvUle (488 m.) of the Ohio River, lemy for boys and lie junction of the ;8 being wide and 1 built. The next ioribed. (For the COLUMBUS. OOZiTTMBUB. 87 Hatebi Xeil Hovh, cor. High and Capitol Sts. (|8 a day); Amsriean Route, cor. High and State Sts. ($2.60 a day); Untted Statet Hotel, cor. High and Town Sts. (|2 a day). COLUMBIJS, the capital of Ohio, and one of tlie largest cities in the State, is _ situated on the £. bank of the Scioto River, 100 m. N. £. of Cincinnati. It was laid out in 1812, lieoame the seat of the State government in 1816, and was incorporated as a city in 1884, when its population was less than 4,000. The popu- lation in 1870 was 81,274, and is now estimated at nearly 60,000. The oommerciol interests of the city are large, and its manufactures numerous and important j but its growth and wealth are chiefly due to tlie concentration there of the State insti> tutions, and the liberal expenditure of public money. The streets are very wide and are regularly laid out in squares. Brwidway is 120 ft. wide for a distance of more than 2 miles. It has a double avenue (4 rows) of trees, alternate maple and elm, and is one of the most beautiful streets in the country. The finest resi- dences in the city are on this and Town St. The principal business thoroughfare is High St., which is 100 ft. wide, and paved with the Nicholson pavement. Horse- cars reach all parts of the city (fare Co.), and there are 6 bridges across the Scioto. In the centre of the city, occupying the square of 10 acres between High and Third and Broad and State Sts., is Cairttol S^un, su.rounded by m^estic elms and beauti- fully laid out. It is proposed to make it a complete arboretum of Ohio trees, of whio> Jdany varieties are already 'represented. The most interesting feature of Columbus to the stranger is its public buildings and institutions, in which it is not excelled by any city in the United States except Washington, and much surpasses ony other town in the Ohio Valley. The State has concentrated here nearly all the public buildings devoted to its business, benev- olence, or justice. The Capital, which stands in Capitol Square, is one of the largest and finest in the Urited States. It is constructed of fine gray limestone, resem- bling marble, in the Doric "lyle of architecture, of which it is a noble specimen. It is 304 ft. long and 184 ft. wide, and is surmounted by a dome 64 ft. in diameter and 157 ft. high. The interior is elegantly finished. The hall of the House of Rep- resentatives is 84 ft. long by 72| ft. wide, and the Senate-Chamber is 56 by 72^ ft. There are also rooms for all the State officers, besides 26 committee-rooms. Another very striking building is the State Pnitcitlarya It is of hewn limestone, in the cas- tellated style, and with its yards and shops covers 6 acres of ground on the £. bank of the Scioto, just below the mouth of the Olentangy. The Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum was burned down in 1868, but a new series of buildings is now being erected for it on 800 acres of elevated ground W. of the city. These buildings will be in the Franco-Italian style, with a frontage of about 1,200 ft., a depth of 800 ft., a central tower 165 ft. high, and a capacity for 600 patients. The Idiot Asylum, a plain Gothic structnre, 272 by 198 ft, occupies grounds 128 acres in extent adjoin- ing those of the Lunatic Asylum. The new Blind Asylum, in the E. part of the city, on the grounds of the old one, will be a stone structnre, 840 by 270 ft., in the Gothic style of the Tudor period. The Deaf ni Dmk Isjftani, centrally located in extensive and handsome grounds in Town St., cor. Washington Av., is built in the Franco-Italian style, with Mansard roof. The building is 400 ft. long and 880 deep, and has numerous towers, the central one of which is 140 ft. high. The Vi & Arwul is located in the midst of spacious and handsome grounds, beautifully wooded, in the N. £. suburb of the city. It comprises, besides an immense central structure, nu- merous other buildings, used for offices, quarters, storehouses, etc. There is a fine drive to the Arsenal, and beautiful drives are laid out through and around the grounds. The State has also a large and well-built Arsenal. The City Hall, facing Capitol Square on the S. side of State St., is a handsome Gothic struot-rr 187) ft. by 80, with a small central tower 188 ft. high. In the third story is tie large au- dience-chamber, capable of seating 2,880 persons. The High-Sehool (in Town St.) is a fine building in the simple Norman or church style of architecture. The Holly Water - Works occupy a large building near the junction of the Scioto and Olentangy 88 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. Bivers. The machinery is on a tnassive scale. The Odd-Felhma' Hall, in High St., near Capitol Square, is a fine specimen of olassio Italian, and opposite is Opera- Houie block, a beautiful specimen of American street architecture, in the florid Ital- ian style. The Opera-IIouse in this block is one of the most elegant in the country. There are 44 churches in the city, and some ore tine examples uf the decorative period of Gothic architecture. Most notable among them are Trinity Church (Episcopal), cor. Broad and 8d Sts. ; St. Jo»eph''» Cathedral (Roman Catholic), cor. Broad and 5th Sts. ; the Second Presbyterian, cor. 8d and Chapel Sts. ; and St, PanPi (Episcopal), cor. High and Mound Sts. Ihe latter is surmounted by a graceful spire 216 ft. high, and in the tower is a clock. The State Library, in thv Capitol, contains over 86,000 volumes. Starllog Medical CaBege, oor. State and 6th Sts., is a very noble building in the Norman castellated style. It is of brick trimmed with whitish limestone. Capital University (Lutheran) is an unpretentious building in the Italian style, surrounded by beautiful grounds, in the N. part of the city. The handsome building of the female seminary of St. Maryy of the Springs a(\|oins the city on the E., and near by is the Water-.Cure. The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, endowed with the congressional land-grant, was opened in 1878. Of the chari*^able institutions, the Hure Orphans' Home, th« Hannah Neil Mission, and the Lying-in Hospital may be mentioned. The Catholic Asylum, for the reclamation of fallen women is W. of the city, and the Sisters of Mercy have' a tine hospital in the city. The County Infirmary or Poor-liouse is a fine s^vuct- ure on a large farm near the city. A convent of the Sisters of the Good Shepnerd has been established at Franklin, a suburban town. GoMlale Park, presented to the city by Dr. Lincoln Goodale, is at the N. end ot'i the city, and comprises about 40 aoros of native forest, beautifully improved and well ^ kept. City Park, at the S. end of the city, is about the same size as Goodale Park ' and resembles it in all respects. The grounds of the Fraaklla Couty Agriciltwal Sadcty, 88 acres in extent, on the E. border of the city, are the finest in the State. In the immediate vicinity are the gardens of the Columbus Horticultural Society, occupying 10 acres. Olentangy Park, N. of the city, has a half-mile race-course. Of the five cemeteries in Columbus, Gnoi Lava is the most beantiful. After leaving Columbus many small towns are passed, but none are of any im- portance until we reach Piqua (711 m. from New York), which is noted for its charming situation on the W. bank of the Great Miami River, jnst at a bend which leaves a level plateau between the town and the water's edge, while on Uie oppo- site side the bank rises somewhat boldly. The Miami Canal passes throngh the town, and an active basiness is carried on. Union City (742 m.) is the point where the rente enters the State of Indiana. Logansport, Ina. (883 m.), is an important shipping-point for grain, pork, and lumber, and is the centre of trade for a rich agricultural region. Here are located the extensive car- works of the company, em- S Toying 600 workmen, and capable of turning out 3 cars a day. Chicago (049 m.) is escribed on p. 89. • NDW YORK TO OBIO AOO.— ROUTE IV. V ^^^ ( Fia " Allectown Line." DUtaoce, 899 m. Time, abont 86 hunn. Fare, #8>.> 1 Leaving New York, the traveler crosses the Hudson River (by ferry irom foot of Liberty St.), and, taking the cars of the Central R. R. of New Jersey at Jersey City, is whirled through Elizabeth (18 m.), Plainfield (24 m.), S OHIOAQO. CHICAGO, the principal city of Illinois, has within 40 years grown from a small Indian trading-station to the position of the metropolis of the Northwest, and the greatest railway centre on the continent. It is situated on the W. shore of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Chicago River, in lat. about 41° 60' N., and Ion. 10** 83' W. from Washington. The site of the business portion is 14 ft. above the lake ; it was originally much lower, but has been filled up from 3 to 9 ft. since 1866. It is an inclined plane, rising toward the W. tc the height of 28 ft., giving slow but snffl- cient drainage. The city stands on the dividing ridge between the basins of the Mississippi and St. Lawrence, and is surrounded by a prairie stretching several hun- dred miles S., W., and N. One-eighth of a mile N. of the Court-House a bayou, called the Chicago River, extends westward a little more than half a mile, and then divides into the North and South branches, which run nearly parallel with the lake- shore, about 2 m. in each direction. The river and its branches, with numerous slips, afford a water frontage of 88 m., of which 24 m. are improved, without includ- ing the lake-front, on which on outer harbor is now in process of construction. Con- nected with the S. branch is the terminus of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, whi( h extends to the Illinois River at La Salle. Formerly this connection was by means o a lock ; but recent improvements have effected a continuous flow of water from the lake through the river into the canal. The city extends N. and S. along the lake about 8 m., and W. from the the lake about 6 m., embrflcing an area of nearly 85 sq. m. The river divides the city into three distinct parts, known as the North, South, and West Divisions, which are connected by 83 bridges and 2 stone tunnels under the i'iver-bed. The city is regularly laid out, with streets generally 80 ft. wide, and many of them from 8 to 7 m. in length, crossing each other at right angles. The principal thoroughfares run N. and S. 00 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIEB. The flrot white visitors to the Hite of Chicago were Joliet and Miirqiiette, who arrived in Aii|;U8t, 1078. Tlie flrst permanent settlement was made in 1804, durin^if which year Fort Dearborn wns liuilt by the Unite! States Gt»vernment. The fort stood near the head of Michigan Ave., below its intersection with Lake Ht. It was Cliicayo before Iho Fif. abandoned in 1813, rebuilt in 181(f, and finally demolished in 1866. At the close of 1880, Chicago contained 12 houses and 3 "country " residences in Madison St., with a population (composed of whites, half-breeds, and blacks) of about 100, The town was organized in 1833, and incorporated as a city in 1837. The first frame building was erected in 1832, and the first brick house in 1883. The first vessel entered the harbor June 11, 1834; and at the first official census taken July 1, 1837, the entire population was found to be 4,170. In 1850, the ])opulation hod increased to 29,968; in 1860, to 112,172; and in 1870, to 298,977. Local estimates placed the population in 1875 at 400,000. In October, 1871, Chicago was the scene of one of the most destructive conflagrations of modern times. The fire originated on Sun- day evening, October 8th, in a small barn in De Koven St„ in the S. part of the West Division, from the upsetting, as is supposed, of a lighted keroBene-lam]>. The buildings in that quarter were mostly of wood, and there were several lum- ber-yards along tlie margin of the river. Through these the flames swept with resistless fury, and were carried across tlie South branch by the strong westerly wind then prevailing, and thence spread into the South Division, whit, a was closely built up with stores, warehouses, and public buildings of stone, brick, and iron, many of tliem supposed to be fire-proof. The fire roged all day Monday, II (I II . I l l I I n . 1 11 , 111 1 I I , I . Ill i < I i mmmptmsftflmf^!^;/^ 92 flAND-BOOK or AMIRIOAK OITIEa Randulph and Clark HtH., im near thu biiainefM centre of the oity (|8.no and $4 a day^. The l^emonl J/uuiit, cor. I.nko and Dearborn Hta., i» one of tlie JineHt of the now bulla- inga (I'i.SO to $n a day). Oood liotela on a more nioiit rtcale are : the Central HoUl, in Market St., near MadlHon (l}2.fiO a day); the Mttrvpolitan, cor. State and Waah- ington StR. ($2.60 u day) ; the MummoU Jfouie, o\mm\te the Union Depot ($2 a dav) ; tlie AtliiHfie, cor. Van Hiiren and Sherman Hts. (|i2.no a day); and the C'omtnereial, flor. Luke and Dearborn HtH. There are aim) several good hoteli* on the Eiiropenn plan, prominent among wliich are liurke'i and Kuhn'i, The princi|inl rvsttinranlH arc the Palmer House (in connection with the hotel), cor. State and Monroe Mh. ; the Tretnont Honte (in connection with the hr tel), cor. Lake and Doarborn Hti«. ; Tho». Andrewi, 85 Dearborn St. ; Burke'n, 140 and 142 MadiHon St^; and Thommni^t, HI Clark St. The livoli Oartlen, deHcril)ed f\irther on, Ih fre(iuonted l)y l)oth »exe». MoHt of the cliil)-hoiiHeB were destroyed in the great Are, and the clubs tempo- rarily broken up. Tlierc are several active social organizatiims in the city, however, the privileges of which may be obtained on introduction by a member. Sailraad D«p*t8< — The Union Depot, in Van Buren St. at the head of La Salle, is one of the largest and finest in the country. It '\n of stone, and is used by the Chi- cago, Kock Island & Paciflo K. R., and bv the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern R. R. The Central Depot is another hantlsome and spacious stone structure, situ- ated at the foot of Lake St. ; it is used by the Illinois Central, the Michigan Central, and the Burlington & Quincy Railroads. The Welh Street Depot, cor. N. Wells and Kinzie Sts., is used by the Western Division of the Chicago & Northwestern R. R. ; the Kinxie Street Depot, cor. Canal and W. Kinzie Sts., is used by the Northern Division of tlio same road. M«4m tf CaiTeyaiMi — Hone-ear» traverse the city in all directions, affording cheap and easy communication (foi-e 6o.). The great centre of the horse-car routes is at the cor. of State and Randolpli Sts. ParmeMi umnibtuea are in waiting at the depots, and convey passengers to hotels or to other depots ('fare 60c.). There are also lines of omnibutet t nning S. on Wabash Ave., W. on Washington and Adams Sts., and N. to Lincoln Park (fare lOc). Carriages are in waiting at the depots and steamboat-landings, as well as at hotels, and around Court-IIouse Square. The rates of fare are regulated by law, and are as follows: For 1 passenger from one depot to another, 50c. ; for 1 passenger 1 m. or less, 60c. ; over 1 m. and less than 2 m. $1 ; over 2 m., $1.50; each additional passenger, 50c.; children between 6 and 14 years of age, half- rates. By the hour, |2 for the first hour and $1 for each additional hour. Between midnight and 7 a. m. ench trip (without regard to dis- tance or number of passengers), $2. In case of disagreement call for a policetnan or drive to a police-station. Streets ud 1M\t6,— State St. is the Broadway of Chicago, and on it or near it are the >.. jst commercial structures, hotels, retail stores, and the like. Other important business streets are Lake, Clark, La Salle, Randolph, Dearborn, Adamt, Monroe, Madison, and Washington. In fact, there is scarcely a street in the South or busi- ness district which does not contain some notably fine buildings. The finest resi- dences are in Wabash and Michigan Avenues, which are of a semi-suburban charac- ter, adorned with rows of luxuriant trees, and bordered by villas surrounded with beautifully ornamented grounds. Scarcely inferior are Prairie Ave., South Park Ave , West Washington St., and North Dearborn St. The favorite drives are out Wabash and Michigan Avenues ; through the parks and boulevards, especially to Hyde Park, where there is bathing ; to Kirerstde, a pretty suburban town on the W. side (13 m.) ; and to Lake View, on the N. side, beyond Lincoln Park. PiMIc and PrMiiiMt BilMligs. — The Court-House, Custom-House and Post-Oflice, Chamber of Commerce, and most of the other public buildings of the city, were burned down in the great fire, and have not been replaced as rapidly as the busi- ness structures destroyed at the same time. A new Custom-House and Post-Offlee is being erected on a site a little S. of the old one. It will be one of the finest Jublic buildings in the country, occupying an entire block, and costing upward of 8,600,000. A new Court-House, estimated to cost $2,000,000, is going up in 1 i (iiiftiiiliiif iliiKfeiMif Wiffi ■M ■■ CHICAGO. and $4 a day). ' the now bulla- Central Hotel, latt) nnd Wash- Ipot (|2 a da^) ; |lie Commeretal, the Europ«nn rith the hotel), I the hrtel), cor. \\ 140 and 142 |tHcril)ed ftirther lie clubs tempo- city, however, ir. of La Salle, is ifted by the Chl- higan Houthern structure, situ- Ichigan Central, , cor. N. Wells ; Northwestern Is used by the affording cheap cor routes is at II waiting at the )c.). There are ^on and Adams It at the depots se Square. The isengcr from one 1. and less than idren between 6 ' and $1 for each It regard to dls- I for a policeman 1 it or near it are Other important Adanu, Monroe, e South or bnsi- The finest resi- luburban cliarao- Burrounded with ve., South Park I drives are out rds, especially to an town on the Park. and Post-Office, f the city, were dly as the busl- and Poet- Office ne of the finest iting upward of is going up in (Jourt-IlouMe B(|iiure. The Chmter tt Cmmmtw haii been rebuilt on the old site In Washington St., opposite Court-House Square, and Is one of the finest and inoitt complete buildings of the kind In the world. Its Interior decorations are very oliiborate. The Board of Trade meets here, and strangers will find it Intereeting to visit the ladies' gallery during the daily session (IVoni 11 a. m. to I p. m.); or any gentleman is admitted to the fioor on Introduction by a member. The new hotels, already mentioned, are among tiie finest buildings in the city ; as are also the Cen- tral Depot, at the foot of Lake St., and the Union Depot, In Van Buren St. at the head of La Salle. The new and handsome brown-stone building of the Chicago Tribune, cor. Dearborn and Madison Hts., is worthy of notice. Other representa- tive striiotures are Oreenhaum'e Bank Building, in fith Ave., the Chicago Saving$ fnititution, cor. Madison and Dearborn Sts., and J/aleU Block, 200 to 206 Ran* (loiph St. ThcatiM aa4 PlacM af AHMNMit— The far-famed Orosby's Opera-IIonse waa burned down In the fire of 1N71, and has not been rebuilt, though a new one is in con- templation. Me Vieker^i Theatre, noar the oor. of State and Madison Sts., is one of the finest in the country. Jfooley'*, Just W. of the Sherman House, Is also a beaoti- fiil theatre. The Aemletny of Mueii, In Ilalstead St. near Madison, was built In 8 weeks after the fire, and has since been enlarged and improved. Aiken'e Theatre, cor. Wabash Ave. and Congress St., and Myeri Opera-IIouee (minstrels), in Monroe St. near State, are new. The Olobe Theatre, In Desplaines St. near Madison, if devoted to legitimate drama, and has a good company. The Dexter Park race- course is located near the Union Stock- Yards. The Shooting-Club has a park oloae by, and in the season keeps about 2S,000 pigeons in cages and houses for practice and matches. Clii w lwfc— There are about 180 church ediflcos In Chicago, including those an- touohed by the fire and those which have si!;ce been rebuilt. Among t..e most notable are: Hatty Chutii (Unitarian) in N. Dearborn St. cor. Lafayette Place, a white-marble structure, in the modem Ootliic style, with double spires. The Second Preehyterian, cor. Michigan Ave. and 18th St., is a large and Imposing stone structure. The Michigan Avenue Baptitt Church, in Michigan Avenue near 24th St., is of stone, in the Oothic style, with a graceful tower and spire. St. Jamee'i (Episcopal), cor. Cass and Huron Sts., is large and massive, with a wpiare flanking tower. The Union Park Congregational, cor, Ashland Ave. and Washington 8 has a lofty spire and is quite ornate in style. The Second Baptitt, oor. Monroe and Morgan Sts., is a plain edifice in the Italian style, with a most peculiar spire. The Twclftk Street Chirch (Roman Catholic) is pure Oothic in style and has an ex- tremely rich and noble interior. Ukraries, Edicatleul aid ChariUMe lastttatleM, etc— The old Custom-IIouse build- ing, cor. Dearborn and Monroe Sts., has been sold to the city and fitted up as a Puhlic Library, the nucleus of which was contributed by English authors an«l pub- lishers in 1872. The collection now comprises about 8,000 volumes. The Christian Union has a library, reading-room, gymnasium, etc. The Academy of Seieneet, established in 1867, lost a valuable collection of 88,000 specimens in the fire, but has erected a new building on the old site (in Wabash Ave near Van Buren St.), and is slowly gathering a new museum and library. The IfalvercHy af Chlcagt, founded by the late Stephen A. Douglas, occupies a beautiful site, overlooking Lake Michi- gan, at Cottage Grove, 4 m. S. of Court-House Scjuare (reached by State St, cars). The main building, 136 by 172 ft., was completed in 1866, at a cost of $110,000. The S. wing has recently been added. When finished the edifice will be one of the most commodious and elegant in the West, Dearborn Observatory; adjoining the University on the W., contains a Clark refracting telescope, which is one of the largest and best in the world. It has 23 ft. focal length and 18^ inches aperture. The Baptist Theological Seminary has a large and handsome building in rear of the University, The Chicago Theological Seminary has a fine stone building in the Norman style on the W, side of Union Square, at the intorsection of Reuben and Warren Sts, The Presbyterian Theological Seminary has a fine edifice, recently erected at the oor. of Fullerton Ave. and Halstead St. It is 6 stories high, and con- M IIAND-dOOK or AMIRIOAH OITIEfl. tainn A bo(kI Ilbrnry. biiihIiiiK, No. 418 W. I'itli St. The (N. ImuUu (MtoRt (Koninn CnthoHo) haa an clesant Thoro arc 6 metilcnl college* in the city, of wTiioii tlio iiioNt notewortliy in tliu l{u»h Medicnl ('olhge, foundeii in I84'i, and witli a nuw anil Ntately biiildlriK at tliu ror. of X. Dourborn iind Indi'iiia HtM. The (,'Meiigo Mtdienl (follege \\\\% u larttu Mfructiiru at thu cor. of I'ntiriu Avu. and 2Atli Ht. Tlie Hahnemann College (lIoiiuBopattiic) is at tho cor. of CuttaKo Urovo Ave. and 2«th St. Tlio Cook County llonpitaly erected in 180B, in a Rpa<-iouN Htrnctnru at the cor. of iHtli and Arnold StM. Merry Uaipltal in an itnniunHu building at lliu cor. of Calu- met Ave. and '2Hth St., wull worth viHiting (taku Indiana Ave. cam). Other Im- portant chai'ital)lc inMtitutions are the Magdahn Anylum, in N. Market St. ; the Home for the FrienUlt'ts, No. Kit Wabafh Ave.; the I'roteUnnt Orphan Atylum, cor. ViichiKan Ave. and 22\rly 1,W)0 acres, which aro connected by a cordon of boulevards 260 ft. wide, extending around the throe land-sidos of the city, with a drive on the lake-shore. These give 8:t in. of drives, Itesidos those around the parks. UiMbi Park, on tho lake-shore, in the Northern Division, contains about 2<')0 acres, and has A m. of drives and walks, tine trees, artiticial hills and mounds, miniature lakes and streuiiis, summer-houses, rustic bridges, aniiTKiiiiii awmiMiiii — an elecant I'lty, of wliloh 111 with n new Tho dhieago |2Htli Ht. The |ovu Avo. and ro lit the cor. cor. nt Calu- ). Other Im- larket Ht. ; the phan Aiylum, Viiru'$ aeiimiti) iicJ aru iinilur |the largext and .iiicdlii I'Hrk. Item of piibllo Jro, Hinco which •4'KHtinK ni«<\rly vi. These give liike-Mhore, in ivoH and waiko, iiuiinier-lioiisoK, ro on Hatiirday tril, 8^ m. ion^r, Iv partially ini- ti'd by u Himilar lonx from N. to (11 son St., 4 m. 8 Uui. H. E. to boulevard runs 6fi ucre8, which i lu. along the itroetH that con- '>y Madi84)n and ry centre of the ' acres, the iudi- ilogical gardens, J raucii greater. or. Lake Park, iprovod itself, is trite promenade laros, contains a North Division, go & Milwaukee is u pretty rural )r by a pleasant died with water rki are situated I get off at Chi- 1 charge. They ■ is forced by i id flows thence city, lake, and irhioli is reached CHICAGO. 9ft hy a iiiiral Ntaircaae. From thin tower a nearly cylindrical brick tunnel. 62 inch- es hlgii and AO wide, eitends S m. under tlie lake, lying 6(1 to 7(> ft. i-clow the lako-surfuce. The water enters the tunnel through a grated in un ImmeniM) crib, on which a llghtlionse and Hignal-Rtut*on are to be constructed. The tunnel whs begun in 1864 and flnlshed in 1H66, at a coHt of |ftlA, litl*. Another tun- nel, 7 ft. in diameter, wai4 comiiicncetl In IH78, which will connect with the crib, ami, through independent pumping-works, siipplT tne H. W. section of the city. Another abundant source of water-supply Iiiih been recently develnpetl in the Artt- tinn Well*, of wbicii there are about 40. The first two sunk are Mituatoedimnnt to navigation, as well as to vehicles and |>edostrlans ; and, in order to obviate the inconvenience, and secure iininterruptea communication between the South anf 12,800,000 bushels, and receive and discharge grain with almost incredi- ble dispatch. Porh-paelcing is a highly-interesting process. The hogs are driven up an inclined plane to a pen in the upper part of the packing-honse. A chain or cord attached to a pulley in a sliding frame near the ceiling is slipped over one leg, the hog is Jerked up, his throat cut, the body lowered into a long vat of boiling water, lifted out, scraped, disemboweled, and hung np to cool. When cooled, the bodies are cut up into " meats," salted, and packed. The larget.' houses are in the vicinity of the Stock- Yards, and are usually open to the inspection of visitors. The Titoli Garden (in the Exchange Building, cor. Washington and Clark Sts.) is one of the city sights. It is a compound of restaurant, beer-garden, and concert-saloon, and is richly furnished and decorated. The Expotition Building is a spacious ai. I elegant structure of iron and glass, in Lake Park, at the foot of Adams St. An exhibition of art and industrial products is held here every summer. The Douglas Monument occupies a site formerly owned by Senator Douglas himself, and since purchased from Mrs. Douglas for $80,000. The monument consists of a circular base, 62 ft. in diameter, a pedestal 21 ft., and a column 48 ft. high, surmounted by a sphere, upon which a bronze statue of Douglas, 12 ft. high, is to be placed. The en- tire height of the monament, when completed, will be 100 ft., and the cost |76,000, 96 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. OHIOAOO TO BSIIiWAnKBI]. (Via Chicago & Northwestern R. B. Dlttance, 8B m. Time, S^tf-a bn.) This road runs along the W. shore of Lake Michigan through a rich farming re- gion, well cultivated and populous. The only important town on the route is Eaeiru (62 m.), which is the second city of Wisconsin in population and commerce. It is pleasantly situated at the mouth of Root River, on the shore of Lake Michigan, on a plain about 40 ft. above the water, and has one of the best harbors on the lake. The city is handsomely laid out in wide and well-paved streets, on which are numer- ous fine public buildings, large warehouses, manufactories, and stores. Rc«ine Col- lege (Episcopal) is one of the most prominent educational institutions in the West. Racine was settled in 1835, was incorporated as a city in 1848, and in 1870 had a population of 18,282. MILWAUKZIB. Httels I The N'ewhall House ($4 a day), the largest in the Northwest outside of Chicago ; the Planhinton Home, an old and favorite resort ; the Walker House, and the Junean House, both in Water St., convenient to the business portion of the city. MILWAUKEE, the commercial capital of Wisconsin, and, next to Chicago, the largest city in the Northwest, is situated on the W. shore of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of Milwaukee River. This river flows through the city, and with the Menomonee, with which it forms a junction, divides it into three nearly equal dis- tricts, which are severally known as. the East, West, and South Divisions. The river has been rendered navigable to the heart of the city by vessels of any tonnage used on the lakes, and is regarded as the best harbor on the 8. or W. shore of Lake Michigan. The climate of Milwaukee is peculiarly bracing and healthful, and the atmosphere remarkabl." <.lear and pure. The city embraces an area of 17 sq. m., and is regularly laid out. The centre, near the Milwaukee and MenomoLse Rivers, is the business quarter ; and the E. and W. parts, the former of which ir built upon a high bluff overlooking the lake, while the latter is still more elevated, are occupied by residences. The peculiar cream-color of the " Milwaukee brick," of which many of the buildings are constructed," gives the city a unique and pretty appearance, and has earned for it the name of the " Cream City of the Lakes." The streets, except those in the commercial quarter, are generally well shaded. Mil- waukee was settled in 1835, and incorporated as a city in 1846. Its population in 1840 was 1,712; in 1860, 45,246; in 1870, 71,440; and in 1874 the local authori- ties estimated it at fi-om 95,000 to 100,000. The Germans constitute nearly one- half the entire population, and tlieir influence upon the social life of the inhabit- ants is everywhere seen. Breweries and lager-bier saloons, gardens, gasthau.ien, music-halls, and restaurants aboimd ; and on the street one hears German spoken quite as often as English. The commerce of Milwaukee is very large, wheat and flou/ being the most important items. In 1873 there were shipped from this port 24,994,266 bushels of wheat and 1,805,200 barrels of flour. The storage accommodations for grain comprise six elevators, with a combined capacity of 8,450,000 bushels; and the flour-mills are on an immense scale. Butter, wool, hides, and lumber, are also important articles of trade. The manufactures are extensive, and embrace lager- bier (which is highly esteemed and widely exported), pig-iron and iron castings, leather, machinery, agricultural implements, steam-boilers, car-wheels, furniture, and tobacco and cigars. The product ot th) blast-furnaces and rolling-mills for 1873 was valued at about $3,500,000; of the flouring-mills, $6,000,000; of the breweries, $2,600,000; of the distilleries, $1,500,000; and of the tanneries, $3,000,- 000. East Water St. and Spring St. are very wide and handsome thoroughfaifis, and on them are the principal hotels and retail stores. Among the public buildings, the finest is the Ignited States CastOH-Htue, which also contains the Post- Office and the MILWAUKEE. 97 n.) ioh farming re- route is Racine jmmerce. It is ke Michigan, on tors on the lake, hich are numer- Rn8 in the West. in 1870 had a west outside of ilJeer Route, and portion of the to Chicago, the Lake Michigan, ty, and with the nearly equal dis- lions. The river ny tonnage used V. shore of Lake salthfuK and the •ea of 17 sq. m., Domoi^ee Rivers, f which ir built [)re elevated, are aukee brick," of aique and pretty the Lakes." The ell shaded. Mil- Its population in he local authori- itute nearly one- "e of the inhabit- lens, gasthau.oen, I German spoken being the most ,994,266 bushels lations for grain )U8hels ; and the lumber, are also i embrace lager- id iron castings, heels, furniture, rolling-mills for 000,000; of the inneries, |;3,000,- oroughfaics, and ilic buildings, the »t- Office and the U. S. Courts, It is of Athens stone, and stands on the cor. of Wisconsin and Mil waukee Sts. The new C«Hty >. '^rt-Hnw is a handsome edifice. The Mu$iic Ball has an elegant auditorium, with sittings for 2,800 persons. It was erected in 1864, at a cost of $65,000, and is owned by the German Musical Society. The Opera- House and the Amdemy o/Mutie are fine buildings, the latter being used for theat- rical performances, nnd having 800 sittings. There are several banking-houses Milwaukee. which have large and imposing buildings. The most prominent chnrch edifice in the city is the Roman Catholic bithcdral af St. Jtibm. The new Baptitt Church is also a handsome structure. Of the literary institutions the most prominent is the Mil- waukee Female College, which, in 1878, had 6 instructors and 118 students. The Young Men's Association has a library of 11,000 volumes, and a well-supplied read- ing-room. The Nvrthwesten NatlMUl Asflia (for disabled soldie.'s) is au immense brick building, about 8 m. from the city, having accommodations for 700 or 800 in- mates. The institution has a reading-room, and a library of 2,600 volumes. The grounds embrace 426 acres, more than half of which is under cultivation, the residue being laid out as a park. In the city there are three orphan asylums, a Home for the Friendless, and two hospitals. Several of the industrial establishments are well worth a visit, especially the Graiii>£lcTat«r of the Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R. This immense structure has a storage capacity of 1,600,000 bushels, and is one of the largest on the continent. The fiour-mill of Betschey & Kern has a capacity for pro- ducing 1,000 barrels of flour daily ; and the rolling-mill of E. B. Ward is one of the most extensive in the West. NEW YORK TO OINOINNATL— JiOl7TJE; I. (Fia Erie B. R. and Atlantic & Great Weatem R. R. [Di«Unce, 861 m. Time, about 80 hrs. Fare, %K.) As far as Salamanca, New York (418 m.), this is identic.il with Route II. from New York to Chicago. {See page 82.) At Salamanca the train takes the line of the Atlantic & Great Western road, crossing the N. W. corner of Pennsylvania and passing through the heart of the oil-region. Freehold (465 m.) is the first station in Pennsylvania. Corry (474 m.) came into existence as the result of the discovery of oil, the first building ever erected there being a small eating-house, in August, 1861. 08 HAND-BOOK OF AMERTOAN CiTtES. *- It promises to become an important nisnufaoturing town and railroad centre. Meadtille (616 m.) is one of the oldest towns W. of the AUeghanies, and is now the centre of a large trade with the oil-region. It is the seat of Alleghany College, founded in 1816, and of the Western Theological Seminary (Unitarian), founded in 1844. Among the more prominent edifices are a State arsenal, an academy, and several ohurchos. Orangeville (555 ni.) is the first station in Ohio. Akron, 0. (6J6 m.), is an attractive and prosperous place, lying in the midst of a fine agricnltural region, at the junction of the Ohio & Pennsylvania with the Ohio & Erie Canal. Mani^eld (6G2 m.) has already been mentioned. (See p. 89.) Uriana (766 m.) is a charmmg village, in which some manufacturing is done, and which contains several churches, oanks, and a Swedenborgiaii College. Springfield (780 m.), one of the most beautiful cities in the State, is situated at the confiuunce of the Lagonda Creek and Mad River, both of which furnish excellent water-power, which is utilized in numerous manufactures. Many of the stores and residences are elegant, and thefe are also several handsome churches. DaytM (801 m.) is on the £. bank of the Oreat Miami River, at the mouth of Mad River, and, with its broad and beautifully-shaded streets, elegant private residences, and fine public buildings, is one of the handsomest cities in the country. The Court-House is particularly noticeable as one of the finest in the West. The most attrac ive feature of Dayton to the tourist is the Central National Soldier*' Home, situated on a picturesque elevation, 4 m. from the city, and reached by horse-cars. The Home is an extensive group of fine, large buildings, over 40 in number, including a handsome church, built of native white limestone, and a splen- did hospital, said to be the best adapted to its purpose of any in the United States. The latter is of red brick, with freestone facings and trimmings, and accommodates 800 patients. The princii)al othef buildings are a brick dining-hall, capable of seat- ing 8,000 persons, a fine library, a music-hall, billiard-room, bowling-alley, head- quarters building, and several barracks for the men. The grounds embrace an area of 640 acres, well shaded with natural forest-trees, and are handsomely laid out, with winding arenues, a deer-park, stocked from Lookout Mountain, a beautiful artificial lake, a natural grotto, hot-houses, and fiower-heds. Hamilton (836 m.) is a pretty town, situated on both sides of the Miami River. Cincinnati (861 m.) is described on p. 101. NBW YORK TO OINOINNATL— JtOIZTJB II. (Fia" Panhandle Route." Distance TS8 m. Time, Sdbrs. Fare, $20.) ' 1 As far as Columbus, Ohio (688 m.), this route is identical with Route III. from New York to Chicago. {See p. 86.) At Columbus the train takes the line of the Little Miami R. R., extending S. W. through a rich and populous prairie country, dotted with towns and villuges. London (663 m.) is a pretty town, capital of Mad- ison County, and containing a fine union schoolhouse. Xenia (693 m.) is, like a large proportion of Ohio towns, regularly and handsomely built, the streets being shaded with large fore»t-trees. The surrounding country is undulating, fertile, and highly cultivated. Milford (744 m.) is a flourishing village on the opposite bank of the Little Miami River. It is connected with the R. R. station by a bridge. Cin- cinnati (758 m.) is described on p. 101. BAZiTIMORI) TO OINOINNATL ( Via BaUimore A Ohio R. R. Dlatance, 689 m. Time, about S9 hn. Fare, $1«.) The grandeur of the scenery along the line of the Baltimore & Ohio R. R. makeii it one of the most attractive routes that tourists can take, and it possesses the addi- tional interest of having been the theatre of some of the most exciting scenes in the late civil war, during which it suffered severely by the destruction of its track, bridges, and rolling-stock. Baltimore, the principal city of Maryland, has already been described. {See p. 86.) In leaving Bidtimore by this road the train no sooner emerges from the dingy suburbs than the pleasures of the trip commence. Looking back we obtain a fine view of the city, and then cross Garrollton Viaduet, a fine NEW YORK TO CINCINNATI— BALTIMORB TO CINCINNATI. 99 0, railroad centre. and is now the lefi^hany College, ian), founded in emj, and several (6A6in.), is an al region, at the an^eld (6G2 m.) rming village, in rches, ->anks, and eeutiful cities in Mad River, both us manufactures. leveral handsome mi River, at the streets, elegant nest cities in the the finest in the Central National city, and reached dings, over 40 in ;one, and a splen- he United States. id accommodates 1, capable of seat- vling-alley, head- I embrace an area dsomelj laid out, ntain, a beautiful milton (8.S6 m.) is innati (861 m.) is tl. ■■>' B, 120.) th Route III. from ces the line of the IS prairie country, n, capital of Mad- (693 m.) is, like a , the streets being ilating, fertile, ana ) opposite bank of )y a bridge. Oin- Fwe, tl«.) ; Ohio R. R. maketi possesses the addi- iiting scenes in the Btion of its track, jrland, has already ;he train no sooner omence. Looking m Viaduet, a fine bridge of dressed granite, with an arch of 80 ft. span, over Gwinn's Falls, after which the road soon enters the long and deep excavation under the Washington turnpike. Less than a mile farther the "deep cut" is encountered, famous for its difficulties in tlie early history of the road. It is 76 ft. deep and nearly i m. long. Beyond this the road crosses the deep ravine of Robert's Run, and, skirting the ore- banks of the old Baltimore Iron Company, now covered by a dense forest of cedar- trees, comes to the long and deep embankment over the valley of Gadsby's Run, and the heavy cut through Vinegar Hill immediately following it. At Wathington June- ti&ii (9 m.) the open country of sand and clay ends, and the region of rock begins at the entrance to the gorge of the Patajisco River. In entering this defile there is a fine view of the Thomat Viadvet, a noble granite structure of 8 elliptic arches, spanning the stream at a height of 66 ft. above the bed, and nearly 700 ft. long. EUicotVB Milh (14 m.) is in a bold, rocky passage of the Patapsco, which runs leap- ing and dashing through the village, in full view from the car-window. Near Elyt- nille (20 m.) the road twice crosses the river, the first time by a viaduct 880 ft. long, and the second time by one of nearly 800 f^. From the summit of the ridge at Mount Airy (42 ra.) is a noble view westward across the Fredericktown Valley, and as far as the Catoctin Mountains, 16 m. distant. The road thence descends into the valley of Bush Creek, a stream of moderate curves and gentle slopes, except where it breaks through ranges of trap-rock. Frederiek Junction (68 m.), better known as Mf New Creek, the Dtomao on the left, ;he river lies in the \g of the Potomac iw from the bridge, the ascent of the eme summit of the 1 natural meadows >ughiogheny River, evation and gentle escent of 11 m. to embankments, and led, with fine views )ad rurs along the CINCINNATI. 101 »teep mountain-side, presenting a succession of magnificent Iand8cai)e8. Descending from Cassidy's Kidge, which forms the W. boundary of Cheat River Valley, the train soon readies the gre&t Kingwood Tunnel, whiih is 4,100 ft. long and cost ♦ 1,000,000; and, 2 m. beyond, Murray' i Tunnel, 250 ft. long, Orafton (270 m.) is the end of the mountain division of the road, and from this ])oint to the < >hio River it passes through a country which is well wooded, and rich in coal and petroleum, but without in^ rest for the tourist. At Parhertbvrg (888 ni.) the train crosses the Ohio River cu a splendid bridge, 1^ m. long, with 6 spans over the river and 48 approaching spans, completed in 1871, at a cost of over $1,000,000. Athene (429 m.) is pleasantly situated on the Hocking River. The Ohio University, the oldest in the State (founded in 1804), is located here; also one of the State Lunatic Asylums. ChilUeothe (400 m.) is picturesquely situated on a plateau through which flows the Scioto River. It was founded in 1704, and from 1800 to 1810 was the capital of the State. It is now a handsome and thriving town. Cincinnati (589 m.) is described below. OmOINNATL CINCINNATI, the chief city of Ohio, is situated on the N. bank of the Ohio River, in lat. 89° 6' N. and Ion. 84° 27' W. It has a frontage of 10 m. on the river, and extends back about 8 m., occupying half of a valley bisected by the river, on the opposite side of which are the cities of Covington and Newport, Ky. It is surrounded by hills from 400 to 465 ft. in height, forming one of the most beautiful amphitheatres on the continent, from whose hilltops may le seen the spkadid panorama of the cities below, and the winding Ohio, No other large city in the United States afibrds such a variety of position and scenery. Cincinnati is princi- l)ally built upon two terraces, the first 60 and the second 112 ft. above the river. The latter has been graded to an easy slope, terminating at the base of the hills. Cincinnati, O. The streets are laid out with great regularity, crossing each other at right angles, are broad and well paved, and for the most part beautifully shaded. The business portion of the city 19 compactly built, a fine drab freestone being the material chiefly used. The outer highland belt of the city is beautified by elegant residences 8 .j^ ■-«Vi»W^A».* ®fei»;«eJ.':^Asy«fe- . 102 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CIT1E& whioh Btand in the midst of extensive and highly-adorned grounds. Here .the favorite building material is blue limestone. Gincinnati was settled in 1788, but for a number of years a continual series of difficulties with the Indians retarded the progress of the town. In 1800 it had grown to 760 inhabitants, and in 1814 it was incorporated as a city. About 1880 the Miami Gunal was built, and during the next 10 years the population increased 86 per cent, .u 1840 the Little Miami, the first of the many railroads now centring at Gincinnati, was finished, and in 1860 the population had increased to 116,430. In 1860 it was 161,044, and in 1870, 216,239. The central position of Gincinnati in relation to extensive producing regions and to leading channels of co:umerce has rendered it one of the most important commercial centres of the West ; but manu- factures constitute its chief interest. In 1876 there were 4,469 manufacturing establishments whose products were valued at $144,000,000. Iron, furniture, boots and shoes, beer and wliiskey, machinery, and steamboats, are leading items in the product; but pork-packing is the i>rincipal industry. In this branch Gincinnati ranks next to Ghicogo, 663,869 hogs having been packed in 1876-'6. H«Mr, BcstairaBts, aad Oiks. — The Gratyi Hotel is a new and handsome structure, cor. 4th St. and Central Ave. ($4 a day). The Burnet Hotue, cor. 8d and Vine Sts., has been for more than a quarter of a century the principal hotel of Gincinnati (|4 a day). The Oibson Home, in Walnut between 4th and 6th Sts., is large and centrally located ($4 a day). Other good hotels are the St. Jamee ($2.60 a day), in E. 4th St. between Main and Sycamore; Walnut Street House ($2.60 a day), in Walnut between 6th and 7th Sts, ; Crawford Houae ($2.60 a day), cor. 6th and Walnut Sts. ; Merehantt' Hotel {%2,.iiQ & Aa.y\ in 6th St. between Main and Syca- more ; and the Oalt House (|2 a day), cor. 6th an^ Main Sts. Good hotels on the European plan are the St. Nicholas, cor. 4th and Race Sts., and KepplerU Hotel, in 4th St. between Plum St. and Gentral Ave. (rooms $1 to $8 a day). The best restaarants for ladies and gentlemen are E'eppler\ in 4th St. between Plum St. and Gentral Ave.; the St. Nicholas, cor. 4th and Race Sts. ; Schmidt's, cor. 7th and Race Sts. ; Berbers', in Mound St. near 6th ; and HunVs, in Vine St. near 4th. The Phanix Club has an elegant building richly furnished at the cor. of Gentral Ave. and Gourt St. The Allemania Club also has a fine building at the cor. of 4th and Walnut Sts., with billiard-rooms, ballrooms, supper-rooms, etc. The Eureka Club has rooms at the cor. of Walnut and 9th Sts. The Queen City Club, organ- ized in 1874, is erecting a handsome building at the cor. of 7th and Elm Sts. Intro- duction by a member secures the privileges of any of these clubs. lailnad Depatk — The Depot of the Cincinnati, Hamilton ds Dayton S. R. is a spacious and ornate structure at the cor. of 6th and Hoadley Sts, The Plum St. Depot, ccr. Plum St. and Pearl, is a ^arge buiiding, 400 by 64 ft. The Little Miami R. R. Depot is at the cor. of Eilgour and Front Sts. The Ohio & Mississippi Depot is at the cor. of W. Front and Mill Sts. The Kentucky Central Depot is in Oovington. M«dM tf CMTeyuw. — Horse-cars run to all parts of the city and suburbs, andJ]to Govington and Newport, Ky. j(fare, 6c.). Omnibuses run from all the depots and steamboat-landings to the hotels (fare, 60c.). Hacks are in waiting at the depots, steamboat-landings, and at various other points in the city. Their legal rates are : For 1 or 2 persons to any point within the city, |1 ; 8 or more persons, 50c. each ; large baggage, extra ; by the hour, $2 for the first hour and $1.60 for each additional hour. These rates are seldom observed, however, and to avoid imposition a bar- gain should be made with the driver before starting. Ferries to Govington from foot of Vine St. and from foot of Central Ave. ; to Newport from foot of Lawrence St. Strerts and Drives. — Of the business streets, Pearl St., whioh contains nearly aU the wholesale boot and shoe and dry-goods houses, is noted for its splendid row of lofty, uniform stone-fronts between Vine and Race Sts. Third St., between Main and Vine, contains the banking, brokerage, and insurance offices. FMurtfc St. is the fashionable promenade and most select retail business St., and is lined with hand- and 6th| in uml (op| '*ir. ■fe ! T « ^.j^a^^' unds. Here .the mtinnal series of In 1800 it had city. About 1880 ptilation increased cads now centrini;; rensed to 118,436. on of Cincinnati in of co:iimerce has West ; but manu- 169 manufacturing )n, furniture, boots iding items in the brancli Cincinnati l-'6. andsome structure, cor. 8d and Vine liotel of Cincinnati 1 Sts., is large and )«« ($2.60 a day), in e (12.50 a day), in day), cor. 6th and en Main and Syca- Good hotels on the I KeppUr'i Hotel, in ay). , in 4th 8t. between ace Sts. ; SehmidVt, ffunfi, in Vine St. t the cor. of Central ag at the cor. of 4th IS, etc. The Eureka en City Cluh, organ- aud Elm Sts. Intro- bs. t Dayton S. B. is a r Sts, The Plum St. t. The Little Miami Ohio <£ Mitsimpfi y Central Depot is in and suburba, andj^to n all the depots and siting at the depots, 'heir legal rates are : e persons, 60c. each ; 50 for each additional Did imposition a bar- !« to Covington from rom foot of Lawrence h contains nearly all r its splendid row of •d St., between Main :es. FMrtk St is the a is lined with hand- OINOINNATI. 108 some bnildingH. In Pike St., in 4th St., fi-om Pike to Broadway, and in' ISrcAdway, between 8d and 6tli Sts., are the finest residences of the " East End ; " in 4th St., W. of Smith, in Dayton St., and in Court St., between Freeman and Bayniiller Sts., those of the " West End." The portion of Freeman St. lying along the Lin- coln Park, is a favorite proinenade. Pike St., from 8d to 6th, along tiie old Longworth homestead, is known as the "Loverx' Walk." Along Front St., nt the foot of Main, lies the Puhlie Landing, an open area, paved with bowlders, 1,000 ft. long and 426 ft. wide. There are many beautiful drives in the vicinity. One of the most attractive is that from the Brighton House, cor. Central Ave. and Free- man St., to Spring Grove Cemetery, and thence around Clifton and Avondale, re- turning to the city by way of Mount Auburn. This drive affords fine views of the city and surrounding country. PiMIe uii ProalMit BiUdlip. — The U. S. Government building, containing the Po»t-Qffioe and Cuitom-ffouie, stands at the cor. of 4th and Vine Sts., in the centra of the city. It is of sawed freestone, in the Roman Corinthian style, with a porch in 4th St., supported by 6 columns. A new government building for the Cnstom- llonse, Post-Offlce, and Court- House, is being erected op the square bounded by Main and Walnut and 5th and 6th Sts. It will be 864 ft. long by 164 deep, 4 stories high, of granite, in the Renaissance style. When finished it will be the finest build- ing in the city. The Cauty CMrUilaue is a large and imposing structure of Dayton stone, in the Roman-Corinthian style, in Main St., near Court St. The front has a porch with 6 Corinthian columns. With the County Jail in its rear, it occupies an entire square. The City Buildings occupy the entire square on Plum St., between 8th and 9th. They are large and handsome, and are set ofif by a trim little park, with a fountain in the centre. The Chamber of Commerce is in 4th St., between Main and Walnut. The hall affords standing-room for 26,000 people, and is a point of attraction every business-day from 11 a. m. to 1 p. m. The rooms of the Board of Trade are in Pike's elegant building in 4th St., between Vine and Walnut. The Maswk Tmple, cor. 8d and Walnut Sts., is an imposing freestone structure in the Byzantine style, 196 by 100 ft., with 2 towers 140 ft. and a spire 180 ft. high. The interior is elaborately ornamented. Vi8it«)rs admitted at 10 a. m. daily. Odd-Fel- lowt' Hall is a spacious and handsomely-furnished building, cor. 4th and Home Sts. Fine blocks of commercial buildings mny be found in Pearl, Third, Fourth, Main, Walnnt, and Vine Sts. The Expoiition Buildings, in Elm St., fronting Washing- ton Park, cover 8i acres of ground, and have 7 acres' space for exhibiting. The Exposition opens annually during the first week in September, and closes the first week in October, and is always largely attended (admission, 26c. ; children, 16c.). Theatres aid Flams af ABUOMst. — Pike's Opera-House, in 4th St., between Vine and Walnut, is one of the most imposing structures of the kind in the United States. It is of fine sandstone, in the Elizabethan style, and the interior is elabo- rately painted and frescoed. The Grand Opera-House, cor. Vine and Longworth Sts., is the old Mozart Hall, remodeled and fitted up as a regnlar theatre. It will seat 2,000 persons. Wood's TTuatre, cor. Vine and 6th Sts., is devoted to the legiti- mate drama. At Rohinton's Opera-House, cor. 9th and Plum Sts., German opera and drama are given, varied by an occasional concert. The National Theatre (Va- rieties) is in Sycamore St., between 8d and 4th.- Concerts and lectures are given at Hopkins's Music Hall, cor. 4th and Elm Sts. ; at Melodeon Hall, cor. 4th and Walnut Sts. ; at College Hall, in College Building, in Walnnt St., near 4th ; and at Greenwood Hall, in the Mechanics' Institute, cor. 6th and Vine Sts. The large German halls " over the Rhine " are noticed further on. The Gymnasium, in 4th St., between Race and Vine, is one of the most perfect in the country (open from 8 A. M. to 10 p. M.). The Floating Bath is moored at the foot of Broadway (single bath, 15c.). Uferartcs, Art^Ulerlcs, «tt. — The Public Library building, in Vine St., between 6th and 7th, is one of the finest and largest in the city. It is of stone and brick, in the Romanesque style, is fire-proof, and will afford shelf-room Tor 800,000 vol- umes. The library now contains 72,000 volumes and a well-supplied reading-room (open from 8 a. h. to 10 p. m.). The Young Men's Mercantile Library is in the 104 HAND-BOOK OK AMERICAN t'ITIE8. i«eoond story of the (Joll^<> Biiil(lin)rH, in Walnut St., between 4tii and fith, and oon- taing 87,000 votnmef*. The Lau Library, in tlie Court-Hontte, Iirh 7,600 volninen. The MtehanM fnttitutu Library has 0,6O() voliinieH and a reading-ruom. The Phil- otophieal and Jlittoriral Society, in ColloKO Building, liau 4,1500 bound vohimoH ana 12,0(N) pampldets and unbonnd volumes. There is no public art-gallery in Cin- cinnati, but the private collcotionH are numerous and valuable, eHpecially tboHo of Henry ProboMco, on Clifton Ileiglitfi, and Jogepli Longworth, on Walnut JIUIr. V'iaitorc are always politely received. The most notable work of art in Cincinnati is the Tykr^DavMsM FmiUIi, in «th 8t.. between Vine md Walnut. It stands on a iVeestone esplanade, 400 ft. long and 60 ft. wide. In the centre of o porphyry-rimmed basin 40 tl. in diameter is the quatrefoil Saxon pori)hyry base supporting the bropze-work, whose base is 12 ft. w]uare and 6 ft. high, with in- fant tignres at each comer repre- !«enting the delights of children in water. Jass-relief figures around the bnite represent the various uses uf water to mankind. From the up per part of the bronze base extend 4 greiit basins, and from the centre rises a column, up whose sides vines asceiul and branch at the top in pbliu- like frondoge. Around this column are groups of statuary ; and on its summit stands a gigantic female fig- ure, with outstretched arms, the wa- ter raining down in fine spray from her fingers. The work was cast in Munich, and cost nearly $200,000. It plnys during wann days from morning till tnidnight. Tyler-navidsou Fountain. Chirchcs.— The finest church edifice in the city is St. Peter's Cathedral (Roman Catholic), in Plum St., between 7th and 8tli. It is of Dayton limestone, in pure Grecian style, 200 by 80 ft., with a stone s|)ire 224 ft. high, and a portico supported by 10 sandstone columns. The altar, of Carrara marble, was made in (Tcnoa ; and the altar-piece, " St. Peter Delivered," by Murillo, is one of the chief glories of art in America. St, Xavier Church (Roman Catholic), in Sycamore St., between 6th and 7th, is a fine specimen of the pointed Gothic style, with a spire 860 ft. high. St. PauVs (Episcopal), in 4th St., between Main and Walnut, is a quaint structure in the Norman-Gothic style, and has fine music. St. John'B (Episcopal), cor. 7th and Plum Sts., is of stone and stuccoed brick, in the Norman style, notable for its square towers, rough asbhr gable, and deep and lofty Norman door. Stt Pail's (Methodist), cor. 7tli and Smith Sts., of blue limestone, in cruciform style, has a fine interior and a spire 200 ft. high. The First Pretbyterian, in 4th St., between Main and Walnut, is noted for its huge tower surmounted by a spire 270 ft. high, terminating in a gilded hand, the finger pointing upward. The BaptUt Church, in 9th St., between Vine and Race, is a handsome building with massive clock-tower. The BHrtt Congregational, cor. Plum and 8th Sts., is surmounted by a dome and lighted from the roof. Some of the German churches " over the Rhine " are very large, and the mujio excellent. The Hckrew SyiagigM, in Plum St., opposite the Oathedral. is of brick, profusely ornamented with stone, in the Moorish style, and has one of the most brdliant interiors in the city. The Hebrno Temple, cor. 8th and Mound Sts., is in the Gothic style, with double spires, and the interior is gor- geously frescoed. a I ter CINCINNATI. 105 uml 0th, and oon- afl 7,6()0 volumeii. ruom. The Phil- )0 bound vohimoM art-gallery in Cin- Hpecially those of on Walnut Jlilli. itIAmm FMitato, in Vine ind Walnut. eefttone esplanade, 10 ft. wide. In the hyry-ritnmed basin is tbe quatrefoil base supporting whose base is 12 ft. high, with in- snch corner repre- (hts uf children in lief figures around nt tlie various uses [ind. From the up l)ronze base extend nd from the centre |) whose sides vines ii at the top in pbhii- A round thU column batuary ; and on its gigantic female fig- ?tched arms, the wa- ti in fine spray from 10 work was cart in )8t nearly l|20(),000. g warm days from Inight. er's Cathcdnl (Roman n limestone, in pure [1 a portico supported mailo in Genoa ; and 10 chief glories of art ore St., between 6th a spire 850 ft. high, is a quaint structure (Episcopal), cor. 7th style, notable for its man door. St. Pail's ruoiform style, has a I, in 4th St., between a spire 270 ft. high, e Baptist Church, in massive clock-tower, mted by a dome and the Rhine " are very 'lum St., opposite the lie Moorish style, and brew Temple, cor. 8th id the interior is gor- Eiimttoul u4 ClMrttaM«> l(4ltatl«H.— The Unitertity of Cincinnati, founded and endowed by the late Charles McMicken, has an imposing new building at the cor. (if Hamilton Road and Elm Ht. Conrected with the University are the School qf Dengn and the Law School, both of yhicii are in the Cle chemical and philosopliical apparatUH, a museum, and a large mineraloglcal and geological (collection. The WetUyan Female College is a prosperous institution, with a spa- (tious and handHome l)uilding in Wesley Ave., between Court and Clark Bts. The Seminary of Mount St. MuryU is a fuinous Roman Catholic college, beautifully situated on Western Hills, which command extensive views. Lane Theological Seminary (Presltyterian) is situated on E. Walnut Hills, and possesses a library of 12,000 volumes. The Medical College of Ohio is one of the most famous in the West, and has a very fine building in 6th St., between Vine and Race, "ihe Mi- ami Medical College, in 12th St., near *' e Hospital, is another famous institution. Tiie Chiekering Clatiieal and Se>mt{). Inetitute, in George St, between Smith and John, is the largest private school for boys in the West. The Hughei High- School, in 5th St., at the head of Mound, is an imposing edifice in the Gothic style, with octagon towers at the corners. The Woodward High-School is an elegant l)uilding in Franklin St., between Sycamore and Broadway. The Mechaniet' Ineti- tute is a commodious building, cor. 0th and Vine Sts. In 12th St., between Central Ave. and Plum St., occupying a square of 4 acres, tttands the CtarliMtl HMiiltal, said to be the largest and best- appointed institution of its kind in the country. It (consists of eight distinct buildingn arranged en iehelon round a central court, and connected by corridors. The central building, through which is the main entrance, is surmounted by a dome and spire 110 ft. high. The Oood Samaritan Hotpital is a fifie, large, red-brick building, situated on a grassy liill at the cpr. of 6th and Locke Sts. JSlt. Mary'i Hotpital, in Retts St., near Free- man, is also a fine and spacious building. The LMgTicw Aiylia f«r tlM Imie, at Car- thage, 10 m. N. of the city, is of brick, in the Italian etyie, 612 ft. long and 8 and 4 biories high. Its grounds are laid out in beautiful lawns, walks, and parks, with greenhouses. There are no bars to the windows, and everything prison-like is avoided. The House of Befuge is situated in Mill Creek Valley. 1 m. N. of the city limits. The buildings are of blue limestone trimmed with white Dayton stone, and are surrounded with 6 acres of ground. The City Workhouse is near the House of Refuge. The main building is 610 ft. long, and is one of the most imposing edifices about the city. The Cincinnati Orphan Asylum is a spacious brick edifice at Mount Auburn, comprising ample grounds which command exten- sive views. There are numerous other charitable institutions which we have not space to mention. Parks, PiMIc Sqaares, u4 Ccacterlts. — The chief public park is Edei Park, situated on a hill in the eastern district, and commanding magnificent views of the city, the valley of the Ohio, and the surrounding country. It contains 216 acres, beautifully laid out and adorned ; and in it are the two now city reservoirs, which look like natural lakes. Burnett Woods, on a hill N. of the city, contains 170 acres, nearlv all forest. Lincoln Park, in Freeman St., between Betts and Hopkins, contains only 18 acres, but it is admirably adorned and finely shaded. Washington Park, one of the oldest pleasure-grounds in the city, formerly a cemetery, is in 12th St., between Race St. and the Miami Canal. It comprises 10 acres. Hopkins's Park is u small lawn with shrubbery on Mount Auburn, N. of the city. Sprlag Grove £(■«• tery. one of the most beautiful in the West, lies 8 in. N. W. of the ciiy, in the valley of Mill Creek, and is approached by an attractive avenue 100 ft. wide. It contains 600 acres, well wooded and picturesquely laid out, and many fine monuments. Tlio entrance-buildings are in the Norman-Gothic style, and cost $60,000. The chief attractions are the Dexter mausoleum, representing a Gothic chapel, and a bronze statue of a soldier, cast in Munich, erected in 1864 to the memory of the Ohio vol- unteers who died during the war. 106 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN OITIEH. ■iMellaMcu PUrm cf litcrciii— More than a third of the retiidonta of (!inoinnati are Gerinanfl or of OurinaD imrontuge. Thuy occupy the large seotion of the oitv N. of the Miami ('unul, whicii tliuy have named " the Hhino." The visitor flnda himielf in an entirely different country " over the Rhine" for he hea/H no language bnt German, and nil the Mignw and placardH are in (ierman. The busineHH, dwelling*, theatren, IihIIh, chiirchut*, and eHi>eciRlly the hoer-gardenit, all remind the Euronean tourist of Germany. Sti-angerH Hhould viHit the (ireat Arbeiter and Turner llalltt, in Walnut Ht., Wielurt'.i saloon and garden, in Vine Ht., and Homo one of tiie vaHt beer-cellnrH, which can be found almoHt anywhere " over the Rhine." The Hm^mHm- PrMge over the Ohio, conner AMKKICAN CITIRH. I -Tilt) (Jiilt J/oiiMf ($iM a ilnj), ■ iiiMNivu ntniiu Mtriictiiru in the KdkHkIi itt,ylu, )iu loiiK l»>«UM and wtdl kept iiniiRe. Tlie Xntinnitl iind I'nitfit .Stutr* llottU are centruliy located. Tliere are leveral aeonnd and tiiird rate li(iiim>M (^ImrifinK from |2 to fit a dry. lleiMta, IVrrlM, imI Ji«4eit tf iMV^'airf. — The depot ot'tlic Loumillti tf (Hitt-inntiti Hhort-lAne Ii. Ii. U a upaeionn Htriutiire in Jett'erMon Ht., Itetween liruolcii and Floyd. That of (he l.ouitrillr if N<»hrille R. R. iit at the corner of Itroadway and lOth Mt. Of Ferrit* t^iere are two fo JotTerHonvlile, one from foot ot Flmt Ht. and the other fynm foot of ( 'lay Ht ; and one t<< New Alliany fmin f(M)t of (iravler Ht., at W, end «>f the city. The honu'-far *yvti*sm in excellent, and att'nrdH eawy aceeiM to all parta of the city (fare Ao.). Carritiaen are in waiting; at tlie dvpota and i«teanil)oat-landinf{M and in the vicinity of the notelit. Their (diarKea are regulated l>y law, and are aH follows: Per conrne within the city, I penton 78 ctn. ; 2 peraonn |l ; per hour. $1.00 for.tlie first hour, and %\ for eac!i additional hour. PiMIr m4 Prtalafit ■■IWaipi. — Tne public I)uildiii|i8 of Louiitville are not tine nrohite(^turally, but are of a Holid i nd lubHtantlnl character. The i'eirt-Hnw, in ./eiferwtn Ht., between Rth and tlth, U a large granite Rtructure, with Doric portico ami cohimnH, and oo«t over i|ll,(Ki(),()00. The (Ity-Hal Ih the most anibitioua edifice in the city, and i» much admired. It \» of Htone, in the C'ompoHite style, with a aqaare olo< ltt|>t lioiiM. Tilt* re ■everal Mvoond l7/(t it Cineinnttti JriMikit and Floyd, fway iind 10th Ht. ^t. and thv other Ht., ut W einl of Imh to all |>Hrta of '■Ariihont-isiidinfrH law, and are hh 1 1 ; |K>r hour. ille are not tino le ('•■rt-Hraw, in Mth Doric portico anihitiouaedltii'o in the city, and Ih uuich admired. It \» of Htone, in the (y'onipoHite M t y I e , with a H(|nare olo4'k- tfiwer at one oor- n i< r , an d ooHt $fllO(>,0(»0. The Council - room \« very fine. The ('u$tom-lIov»e, widrh altto con- tain h the Po»t- Ojfiee, \h a plain but Hubatuntial buildinfir, nt the corner of Ureeno and 8d 8t8. The Matonif Tempi:, corner 4th anci (ireene Sts., ig n handiionie struct- iiru, with tasteful interior decora- tions. The 7/ - diutrial Erpo»i- tion Building, h » cated 8 m. £. of the city, is spa- cious and graceful ts an attractive and mal, cor, 4th ond e most completely De of the "institu- Wood't Theatre, 8ts. Temperance Liederhrant Hally >v " i B ' ««l1U! l iO B J|i;U'.,S ' ) ' ' lor muaical enteKalnnienta, U a new and elegant huihlinr Kim-Tree (Jarden \u I. popular Huburbnn place of resort at the VV . end, on the river at the foot of HrldKu Ht. fiiarrbf*. — Tliere are 9A churches in I.oiiUvillo, of which the most noteworthy are tlie Catheilral (Komsn Catholic), In Market Ht., cor. of nth, a large and omatu Htrncture, with lofty clock-tower and spire; Ht. /Viur* (Kpiscopal), at the intersec- tinll building, hut as soon as tne drawinxs tor the lottery-s<'heuie, authorize« to be erected for it. The library numbers IU),0(U) volumes, and connected with it \* a museum and natural-history ^ ifri^»«5ti. 110 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. with it by ferry and bridge, is situated on an elevation from which i fine view of Louisville may be obtained. The bridge across the Ohio at this point is 6,219 ft. long, divided into 26 spans, supported by 24 stone piers, and coat $2,016,819. New .Utaay, opposite the W. end of Louisville, is a finely-situated and handsomely-built city of nearly 26,000 inhabitants, with wide and delightfully-shaded streets, floe churches and public buildings, and elegant private residences. " From the hills back of New Albany," says Mr. Edward King, " one may look down on the huge extent of Louisville, half-hidden beneath the foliage which surrounds so many of its houses ; can note the steamers slowly winding about the benas in the Ohio, or carefully working their way up to the broad levees ; can see the trains c rawling like serpents over the high suspended bridge, and the church spires and towers gleam- ing under the mellow sunlight." OHIOAGK) TO ST. LOXHS. {Via OMeago A Alton R. S. Distance, 982 m. Time, 11 lirs.) From Chicago (described on p. 89) this road runs S. W. through the rich prairie- landii of Central Illinois, which roll off in gentle undulations as far as the eye can reach on either hand. The villages along the line are prosperous little places, but possess no general interest. The scenery is monotonous, and, since the country has become thickly settled, has lost the distinctive prairie character which is now only seen to perfection in the W. part of Iowa, and on t\w plains beyond the Missouri. Joliet (37 m.) is a prosperous and handsomely-built town on the Des Moines River, the site of the State Penitentiary, which is one of the finest in the United States, and of extensive quarries of a "gray limestone, much used for building-purposes throughout the Northwest. Bloomington (126 m.) is one of the principal cities of the State, an important railway centre, and the seat of large shipping and manu- facturing interests. The city contains about 15,000 inhabitants, and some fine churches, public buildings, etc. SpriagSeld (185 m.), the capital of the State, is a large and handsome city on the edge of a beautiful prairie. It is regularly laid out, the streets are broad, and the houses well built. The new State Capitol, which occupies a s(iuare near the centre of the city, is considered a model of architectural beauty ; and the Custom-IIouse, Court-House, and State Arsenal, are fine buildings. In Ridge Cemetery, 2 m. N. of the city, stands the noble monument erected by the Lincoln Monument Association to the memory of President Lincoln. Alton (257 m.) stands upon a high limestone-bluff, overlooking the Mississippi River. It is a flourishing city of 10,000 inhabitants, and contains, among other handsome build- ings, a large Roman Catholic cathedral. East St. Louis (281 m.) is on the river opposite St. Louis, and in entering the city the train crosses the magnificent bridge, which will be described farther on, and passes through a tunnel 4,194 ft. long. 1 I ST. i.onis. (Besides the foreeiolns roate, St. Lonis may be readied from OincinnatI via the Ohio A .\fUHstiigtl S. R. L840 m.] ; or bjr steamer on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. The latter is a plcnt>ant route In suromer. St. Louis is reached from Louisville via LouttvlUe lira ich of the preceding road [894 m.] ; or by steamer down the Ohio to Cairo, and thence by St. Louit A Cairo S. B. ; or by steam- er all the vray on Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Prom New York there are two " tbroogh routes " to St. LduIs. The first is via " Pan-hancUe Roate " [Pennsylvunia Central and connecting rail- ways], which has already been described as far as Plqtia, Ohio [««< p. 88] ; total distance, 1,0M m. ; time, 43 hrs. ; tare, $37. The second I* vhi Eiie and Lake Shore BMwayt to Cleveland [already de- scribed on p. 83], and thence via Cleveland, Columbus A IndianapolU S. B. and IndtanapoU* A SI LoaU R. B. Total distance, l,!?)! m. ; time, about 46 hrs. ; fare, $37. From Baltimore, via BiUimore A Ohio, Marietta A Cincinnati, and Ohio A MUHssippi Ballwayt; distance, 978 m. ; time, 44 hrs. ; fare, $33.) ) ST. LOUIS is situated geographically almost in the centre of the great valley of the Mississippi, or basin of the continent, on the W. bank of the Mississippi Riv- er, 20 m, below the entrance of the Missouri about 176 m. above the mouth of the Ohio, and 1,170 in. above New Orieans, in Ir.t. 88° 37' N. and Ion. 90° 16' W. The city is perolied high above the surface of the river. It is built on three terraces, ■ '■ ■" ■ . ' ■ • , '- m i .(mllw MIl rtl W i M'Lia'IWliKU. ST. LOUIS. Ill |oh t floe view of point is 6,219 ft. $2,016,819. New handHomely-built faded streets, fine "From the liills ^own on the huge ids so many of its 18 in the Ohio, or rains c rawling like Ind towers gleam- ;h the rich prairie- far as the eye can s little places, but ice the country has which is now only >'ond the Missouri. Des Moines River, the United States, ■ building-purposes principal cities of lipping and manu- nts, and some fine Ll of the State, is a Is regularly laid out, ktate Capitol, which Idel of aichitectural !l, are fine buildings, ment erected by the incoln. Alton (257 lippi River. It is a er handsome build- m.) is on the river magnificent bridge, 1 4,194 ft. long. le Ohio is the fashionable promenade, and ■. ' ■S- ' J W «w»ii.w a spaoioao ball- building. The I iiiember. There thern R. K. is at Jtho MiHsourl Pa- lilroads, is at the lepot of the Iron >t. All roads en- lepot a: 11th and tale is being con- [ection and render on 4th and 5th on Market, Pine, Carriages are different parts of more persons a !1.60, and 50c. for 50 for each addi- ir. In case of dis- t as to distance or a policeman, or at the City Hall. East St. Lonis of Spruce St. and of Gary St. ami DrlTM.— From S or river-front, the nning N. and S. are 1 consecutively, be- with Main or 1st t., 8d St., etc. The excep^tions to this ndelet Ave., which iniintion of 4th and loutliward; Broad- ontinuation of the 9. northward ; and Ave., corrcspond- lart with 29tli St. nnning E. and W. led arbitrarily or ue historical asso- The houses are i on the " Philadel- em " (tee Philadbl- 1 streets running o the river being i N. and S. from St. ; while on all nnning E. and W. )ering begins at the Front St., which is ide, extends along 9, and is built up 9nd, is the location e promenade, and CT; LOUIP. 113 contains the leading retail store£>. Grand Are. is 12 m. long, running parallel with the river on the W. boundary of the city. Waihington Are. is oTie of the widest and handsomest in the city. The finest residences are on Lwas Flaw, in Pine, Olive, and Loeutt Stt., in Wathinffttm Ave. W. of 27th St., and in Chouteau Ave. The favorite drives are through the parks and boulevards, to be described Airther on. PaMte ud Prwitanit Bilkilig;. — The iinest public building in the city, and one of the finest of its kind in the United States, is the VtmlMMm, occupying the square bounded by 4th, 5th, Chestnut, and Market Sts. It is built of Genevieve limestone, in the form of a Greek cross, with a lofty iron dome surmounting its centre, and cost $1,200,000. The fronts are adorned with beautiful porticoes, and iVoni the cupola of the dome (which is accessible to all) there is a fine view of the city and its surroundings. The City-Hall, cor. Market and 10th Sts., is a plain brick struct- ure occupying half a square. The Fmf CmtIs is a spacious and elegant limestone building, in Clark Ave. between 11th and 12tli Sts., recently finished at a cost of $1,000,000. in the rear is an iron jail, semicircular in form, and so constructed that all the cells are under the observation of a single watchman at once. (Strangers admitted on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from 8 to 9 a. m., and 8 to 4 p. m.) The Cvttom- House, which also contains the Post- Office, is a large and substantial edifice of Missouri marble, at the cor. of 8d and Olive Sts. A new Custom-Honse and Post-Office is in course of construction at the cor. of Olive and 8th Sts. It will occupy an entire block, will be of Maine granite with rose-colored granite trim- mings, will be three stories high, with a French roof and Louvre dome, and is esti- mated to cost $5,000,000. The II. S. Arsenal, situated in the extreme S. limits o! the city, immediately on the river, is a beautiful spot (reached by 5th St. cars). The Merehants'' Exchange, in Main St. between Market and Walnut, is the great commercial marti of the citv. The main hall, or " Exchange," is a fine room 102 by 81 ft. The ' ^^.^ ,_.^ sessions of the Exchange are fr<. ru 11 A. M. tu 1 p. M. Strangers are admitted to the floor on in- troduction by a member; the galleries are free to all. A new and magnificent Exchange is being erected in 8d St. be- tween Pine and Chestnut. . It is of gray' limestone, and ' will cost $1,- 000,000. The | HasMic TcaHtt cor. Market and 7th Sts., is a very fine edi- ^he " Four Court.." fioe, with richly-decorated int^.ior. The new St. LmIr Ufe^lmmn BiMtag, cor. 6th and Locust Sts., is the most ornate and showy in the city. It is of rose-colored granite, in the'lienaissance style, four stories high, with a massive cornice on the roof upon which are mythological figures in stone. From the roof (reached by elevator) a fine view is obtained. The Republican Building, cor. 8d and Chestnut, ;rs,"^,! 114 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. is one of the most complete and elegant newspaper offices in the world. The Union Market occupies the square bounded by 5th, 6th, Greene, and Morgan Hts., and is well worth a visit. So is the St. Louu Elevator, on the Levee at the foot of Ashley St. It has a capacity of 2,000,000 bushels, and is one of the largest in the country. The Ijetee should also be visited. Theatres aid Places tf !■■««■«■(• — The leading theatre is De Bar't Opera-Hov»e, in Pine St. between 3d and 4th ; but there is no well-organized theatrical company in the city. The Olympic Theatre, in 5th between Walnut and Elm Sts., has a fine auditorium. The Apollo Gardens is a German theatre at the cor. of 4th and Poplar Hts., where the new and old operas may be heard throughout the season. The singing is usually very good, and between the acts the audience refreshes itself with beer and soda-water. The Varieties Theatre, in Market St. between 5th and 6th, is a favorite resort for gentlemen. There are numerous German beer-gardens, at the more aristocratic of wliicli, such as Uhrig's and Sehneider^s, really fine music may be heard. Ladies and gentlemen resort to the gardens just as do the citizens of Berlin and Dresden. Ubnri«s Art^iallerltti, etc — The Mercantile Library is a large and handsome brick building at the cor. of 5th and Locust Sts. The library and reading-room are in the 2d story, and both are free to strangers (open from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m.). The library numbers 48,000 volumes, and the hall contains paintings, coins, and statuary, among which may be mentioned Miss Hosmer's life-size statues of Beatrice Oenci and (Enone ; a bronze copy of the Venus de Medicis ; marble busts of Thomas H. Benton and Robert Burns ; and a sculptured slab from the ruins of Nineveh. The reading- room is elegantly fitted up and well supplied with newspapers and magazines. The Public-Sehool Library is on the 2d floor of the Polytechnic Building, cor. Ghestnnt and 7th Sts. It contains 88,000 volumes and a good reading-room, both of which are open to the public (from 10 a. m. to 10 p. m.). St. John's Circulating Library numbers 27,000 volumes, and the Law Library, in the Gourt-Honse, 7,100. The Academy of Science, founded in 1856, has a large musenm and a library of 8,000 volumes. The Missouri Historical Society, founded in 1865, has a large historical collection. Both the preceding have rooms in the Polytechnic Building (8d floor). ChiitlMSi — The most imposing church edifice in the city is Ckrlst ^vdi (Epis- oopal), cor. 18th and Locust Sts. It is of stone, in cathedral-Gothic style, with stained-glass windows and lofty nave. The* Cathedral (Roman Catholic), in Walnut St. between 2d and 8d, is an elegant edifice, with a, front- of polished freestone, ornamented by a Doric portico. It is surmounted by a lofty spire in which is a fine chime of bells. The Church of the Messiah (Unitarian), cor. Olive and 9th Sts., is a fine Gothic structure; and the Second Presbyterian, cor. 17th St. and Lucas Place, is another noble specimen of the Gothic style. St. George's (Episcopal), cor. Loonst and 7th Sts., is an elegant building. The First PrcshylnlaB, cor. 14tn St. and Lucas Place, is a large and costly structure in the English-Gothic style, with richly- deoorated interior, and a peculiarly graceful and elegant spire. The Union Church (Methodist), oor. 11th and Locust Sts., is a good model of an old Lombard church, believed to be the only structure of the kind in the country. The Baptist Church, cor. 6th and Locust Sts., is a brick structure of handsome design. The following are also notably fine buildings : the Congregational Church, in Locust St. between 10th and 11th Sts. ; the Lutheran Church, cor. 8th and Walnnt Sts. ; and the Pres- byterian Churches, cor. 11th and Pine, and 16th and Walnnt Sts. The Jewish Tmple, cor. 16th aci Pine Sts., is one of the finest ecclesiastical structures in the city. EdicttlMul «Ml Charitable lutitatlwi.— The St. Louis University (Jesuit), cor. 9th St. and Washington Ave., is the oldest educational institution in St. Louis, having been founded in 1829. It has a valuable mug<>um, very complete philosophical and chemical apparatus, and a library of 17,000 volumes, among which are some rare specimens of early printing. In 1874-'75 it had 22 instructors and 858 students. WashligtaB I'alverslty is a large and substantial building, cor. Pine and 16th Sts. The university was organized in 1858, and is intended to embrace the whole range of university studies, except theological. Connected with it are the Mary Institute, |orld. The Union }rgan Hts., aud is at the foot of lof the largest in ir'» Opera-ffovae, leatrical company fm St8., liae a fine }f 4th and Poplar Ithe season. The freshes itself with |reen 5th and 6th, beer-gardens, at I really fine miisio I as do the citizens handsome brick g-room are in the M.). The library d statuary, among eatrioe Oenoi and 'homas H. Benton eh. The reading- 1 magazines. The ing, cor. Ghestnnt im, both of which rculating Library [ouse, 7,100. The a library of 8,000 a large historical uilding (8d floor). »irl8t Chirch (Epis- Grothio style, with Atholic), in Walnut polished freestone, pire in which is a Olive and 9th Sts., 7th St. and Lucas '« (Episcopal), cor. I, cor. 14th St. and style, with richly- fhe Union Church Lombard church, le Baptist Chureh, n. The following LiOCUBt St. between >t8. ; and the Preg- Sts. The Jewtak tical structures in y (Jesuit), cor. 9th \ St. Louis, having philosophical and ich are some rare and 85S students, 'ine and 16th Sts. e the whole range be Mary Institutey ST. ijoma. 115 for the ednoation of women : the Polytechnic School, which has an elegant building at the cor. of Chestnut and 7th Sts. ; and the St. Louit Late School. In 1674-'76 there were 68 instructors connected with the different departments and* 700 stu- dents. The College of the Chrittian lirother* (Roman Catholic), cor. 8th and Gra- tiot Sts., i» a flourishing institution with about 400 students, and a library of 10,000 volumes. Concordia College (Oennan Lutheran) was established in 1889, and has a library of 4,600 volumes. The public-school system of St. Louis is one of the best in the country, and the school-houses are exceptionally fine. The High School, cor. 16th and Olive Sts., is a beautiful building in the castellated Norman style. The Roman Catholics have about 100 parochial, private, and conventual schools. The Cfuty Umm Asylia, on the Arsenal road, 4^ m. from the Gourt-House, is an immense brick and stone structure, occupying about 40 acres of ground, beauti- folly laid out. On the premises is an artesian well, 8,848 ft. deep. The Asylum n open to visitors from 10 a. m. to 12 m., and from 2 to 6 p. m. The Poor-Ifotue and the Hotue of Induetry are just beyond, on the Arsenal road, and are spacious brick buildings. The Workhouse and the House of Refuge are 4 m. 8. of the Court- House (reached, within ^ m., by Garondelet Ave. cars). The City Hotpital, cor. Lafayette Ave. and Linn St., is a handsome building, situated in the midst of pleas- ant grounds (reached by 4th St. cars ; open to visitors from 2 to 8 p. h.). The St. Louis Hospital, cor. Spruce and 4th Sts., is conducted by the Sisters of Charity, and accommodates 400 patients. The U, S, Marine Hospital is in Carondelet Ave., 8 m. from the Court-House. The Content qf the Good Shepherd, for the reforma- tion of fallen women, is at the cor. of Chestnut and 7th Sts. The Ifeqf and Dumb Asylum (Roman Catholic) k at the cor. of 26th St. and Christy Ave. St. Louis is famous for the number of its charitable institutions, of which we have found sjtace to enumerate only a few. Parks, Pleaswe-Ortuite, mi Ceactcrlcs. — The public squares and parks embrace in the aggregate about 2,000 acres. The most beautiful is Lalkyette Park, which em- braces about 80 acres in the S. portion of the city (reached by Chouteau Ave. oars running on 4th St.). It is for pedestrians only, is admirably laid out aqd adorned, and is surrounded by elegant residences. In it are a bronze statue of Senator Benton, by Harriet Hosmer, and a bronze statue of Washington. Band concerts are given here on Thursday afternoons in summer. Missouri Park ia a pretty little park of 4 acres, at the foot of Lucas Place, the 6th Avenue of St. Louis. In the centre is a handsome fountain. St. Louit, Place and Hyde Parle, in the N. part of the city, are attractive places of resort, the former containing 16 and the latter 12 acres. Washington Square (16 acres) lies on 12th St. and Clarke Ave., and is tasteAilly improved. Northern Park (180 acres), on the bluffs in the N. portion, is noted for its fine trees. Forest Park contains 1,860 acres, and lies 4 m. W. of the Court- Honse. It is still mostly covered with primitive trees, and the Des Peres River meanders through it. Lindell Boulevard (194 ft. wide) and Forest Park Boulevard (160 ft. wide) extend from it toward the heart of the city. Lindell Park (60 acres), on the line of Forest Park Boulevard, is tastefully laid out and filled with' native forest-trees. Tawcr Grtvc Park, embracing 277 acres, lies in the S. W. part of the city (reached by Gravois Railway line, from 4th and Pine Sts.). It is beantiAiIly laid out, with green lawns and shrubbery, and offers the pleasantest drives^ of any park in the city. Adjoining Tower Grove Park is Sbaw's Gardra, owned by Mr. Henry Shaw, who has opened it to the public, and intends it ae a gift to the city. The garden con- tains 109 acres, and is divided into three sections. The Herbaceous and Flower Garden, embracing 10 acres, contains almost every flower that can be grown in this latitude; and there are several greenhouses, in which are thousands of exotic and tropical plants. In the Fruticetum, comprising 6 acres, are fruits of all kinds. The Arboretum is 26 acres in extent, and contains all kinds of ornamental and fruit trees that will grow in this climate. The Labyrinth is an intricate, hedge- bordered pathway, leading to a summer-house in the centre. A brick building near Mr. Shaw's residence contains a museum and botanical library. On Sundays the garden is open only to strangers, who may prooore tickets at the leading note' <. r f Ni 116 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. The FalMlrtuds of the St. Louis Agrioultaral and Mechanical Association embrace 85 acres, 8 m. N. W. from the Court- Flouse, are handsomely laid out and ornamented, and contain extensive buildings. The Amphitheatre will seat 40,000 persons. "Fair-week," which is usually the first week in October, is the gala-season in St. Louis, and the stranger will be fortunate if he happens there at that time. The grounds are reached by cars on Franklin Ave. and 4th St. BcllcflNitalir Ceacterr, the most beautiful in the West, is situated in the N. part of the city, about 4^ m. from the Court-HouHO (reached by 5th St. oars). It embraces 860 acres, is tastefully decorated with trees and shrubbery, and contains some fine monuments. Calvary Cemetery lies a short distance X. of Kellefontaine, and is little inferior, either in size or beauty. Tlie Bridge aid the Water-Werks.— The great bridge across the Mississippi, from the foot of Washington St. to a corresponding point in East St. Louis, is regarded as one of the greatest triumphs of American engineering. It was designed by James B. Eods, and was begun in 1869 and completed in 1874. It consists of three spans resting on four piers. The piers are composed of granite and limestone, and rest on the bed-rock of the river, to which they were sunk through the sand from 90 to 120 t\. by the use of wronght-iron caissons and atmospheric pressure. The centre span is 620 ft. and the side ones are each 600 ft. in the olear ; each of them is formed of four ribbed arches, made of cast-steel. The rise of the arches is 60 ft., suffi- ciently iiigli to permit the passage of steamboats at all stages of the water. The bridge is built in two stories ; the lower one containing a double car-track and the upper one two carriage- ways, two horse-car tracks, and two footways. It passes over a viaduct of five arches (27 ft. span each) into Washington Ave., where the lower roadway runs into a tunnel 4,800 ft. long, ./hich passes under a large part of the city, terminatidg near 11th St. The total cost of bridge and tunnel was over Arch'ul'St. Loiila Briclf(e. $10,000,000. The city Water -Work* are situated at Bissell's Point, on the bank of the river, 8 J m. N. of the Court-House (reached by 5th St. cars). The buildings are substantial, ond the two-pumping-engines, each with a capacity of 17,000,000 gallons i\ day, are worth seeing. The engine-rooms are open to visitors at all times. OHIOAOO TO OMAHA. Tub tourist has the choice of three routes in making the journey from Ghicago to Omaha: 1, via the Chicago d Northwettem .R. JR. (492 m.); 2, via Chicago, Rock Hand & Paeijie R. R. (498 m.) ; 3, via Chicago, Burlington & Quiney R. S, (602 m.). The distance by all is about the same, and the country traversed is not materially different. Each line traverses, for the larger portion of the way, the great prairie-region of the West, which thirty years ago was almost uninhabited, save by the Indian and the trapper, but now teems with an industrious and thriving i ' ^f !! g?Jg ' '8ig < MS3fti^i%W 'i lSM3S^^ sooiation embrace ; and ornaraenteil, 40,000 persons. B;ala-8ea8on in 8t. that time. Tiie in the N. part of trs). It einbraoea jontains some fine itaine, ami is little ississippi, from the lis, JH regarded as lesigned by James ists of three spans imestone, and rest sand from 00 to sure. Tlie centre 1 of them is formed ibes is 60 ft., suffi- f the water. The oar-traok and the otways. It passes a Ave., where the der a large part of id tunnel was over le OMAHA TO SAM FRANCISCO. 117 Point, on the bank Ts). The buildings acity of 17,000,000 i^isitors at all times. irney from Ghioago 1.); 2, via Chicago, U>n S Quiney R. R. ry traversed is not >n of the way, the St nninhabited, save rions and thriving population. Many of the villages and cities en route are attructivc, and even pict- uresque, but few have anything which would prove interesting to the tourist. The most important places on the Chicago & Northwestern R. li. are Fulton (186 ra.), the last station in Illinois, and the point where a splendid iron bridge, 4,100 ft. lung, crosses the Mississippi River; Cedar Rapuh (219 m.), an important railroad centre in Iowa; and Council Jiliijpi {488 m.), on the Missouri River, op|)08ite Omuha. The approaches to Council Hluffs are striking, and the city itseh' is picturesquely situated at the foot of high and very precipitous bluffs. The principal points on the Chicago, Kock Island & Pacific R. R. are Joliet (40 in.), which has already been de- scribed (nee p. 110) ; Ottawa (84 m.), a fiourishing city of 8,000 inhabitants, situated on both sides of the Illinois River; Moline (170 ni.), which possesses the most ex- tensive water-power in the Norlliwest; Rock Iilnnd City (182 in.), from which several fine bridges spun the Mississi|>pi River to the island of Rock Island, an im- portant United States military station, and to Davenport, on the Iowa side of the river, the largest city in lowii ; loifa City (237 m.), beautifully situated on the bluffs of the Iowa River; ond Dee Moinen (357 ni.), the ciipital of Iowa, situated at the junction of the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers, and containing a fine State- House and other public buildings, and a i>opu]ation of about 16,000. The chief points on the Chicago, Burlington & Quiney route are Aurora (88 m.), a flourishing manufacturing town on the Fox River; Galesburg (1(!3 in.), noted as the seat of several colleges ; and Burlington (207 m.), on the Mississippi River, and, next to Davenport and Dubuipie, the largest city in Iowa. Oaalia is reached from Council Bluffs by the magnificent iron bridge across the Missouri River, which cost $1,000,- 000, and affords unbroken railway connection from ocean to ocean. The city is finely situated on an elevated plateau, and contains many handsome buildings. Its growth has been unprecedentedly rapid, as it dates from 1 867, ond in 1875 had 20,000 inhabitants. Fare by either of the above routes, |16. OMAHA TO SAN FRANCISCO. ( Fto Unlon^Paclflc and CentrallFRcific RailwayH. DlBtance, 1,914 m. Time, 4ji day*. Fare$lCO.) '■ *Tnis journey, by reason of its great length and the time which it takes, will be in -nany respects a new experience to the traveler, no matter how extended his previous jonrneyings may have been. It is more like a sea- voyage than the ordinary rushing from point to point by rail, and, as on a sea-voyage, you cease to care about time-tables and connections, and make yourself comfortable. Says Mr. Charles Nordhoff, whose " California, for Health, Pleasure, and Residence,"' will prove a useful companion for the journey: "Until you have undertaken this journey, you will never know how great a difference it mokes to your comfort whether your train goes at the rate of 40 or at 22 miles an hour. This hist is the pace of the iron horse between Omaha ond San Francisco ; and it is to the fierce and rapid rush of an Eastern lightning-express what a gentle and easy amble is to a routih and jolting trot. Certainly a lightning-express rushing through from Chicago to San Francisco would not carry any one, except an expressman, a second time. At 40 or 45 miles per hour, the country you pass through is a blur; one hardly sees between the tele- graph-poles; pleasure and ease are alike out of the question; reading tires your eyes, writing is impossible, conversation impracticable, except at the auctioneer pitch, and the motion is wearing and tiresome. But, at 22 miles per hour, travel by rail is a different affair; and having unpacked your books, and unstrapped your wraps, in your Pullman or Central Pacific Palace-car, you may pursue all the seden- tary avocations and amusements of a parlor at home ; and as your housekeeping is done — and admirably done— for you by alert and experienced servants; as you may lie down at full length, or sit up, sleep or wake, at your choice ; as your dinner is sure to be aliundant, very tolerably cooked, and not hurried ; as you are pretty cer- tain to make acquaintances on the oar ; and as the country through which you pass is strange, and abounds in curious and interesting sights, and the air is fresh and exhilarating — you soon fall into the ways of the voyage ; and if you are a tired busi- 9 118 IIAKD-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. ness-man, or n wearied housekeeper, your careless ease will be such a rest as oer- tainljr most busy and overworked Americans know how to eivjoy." In order to secure the comfort thus described, it will be necessary to engage a berth in the Pullman Palace-cars to Ogden, and in the Silver Palace-cars beyond Ogden. The cost of these is $8 from Omaha to Ogden, and $6 from Ogden to San Francixco, in addition to the cost of the regular ticket ; but no more fruitful outlay could be made. Attached to each train is an " observation-car," consisting of an open platform, from which the scenery can be seen to greater advantage than in the inclo!4ed cars. Oood eating-stations are placed at proper intervals, and the train stops long enough for a meal to be eaten with reasonable deliberation. As there are 228 stations on the line, we cannot enumerate even the more im- po'tant, and it will prove more useful to the traveler, perhaps, to direct his atten- tion in a general way to the characteristic features of the different sections of the route. During the first day out from Omohu, the road traverses vast prairies, which the tourist now sees for the first time in something like their primitive nakedness and solitude. Settlements and farms are still seen, but, tinlike those in the more populous States east of the Mississippi, they appear to be swallowed up in the im- mensity of the interminable levels which roll off to the horizon like ti. : sea. On the let'^ is the Platte River, through whose valley, entered at Elklwm (29 m.), the road runs for nearly 400 m. North Platte (291 m.) is the principal town on this section of the line, and contains n fine hotel, round-house, and machine-shop, belonging to the railway company. Shortly beyond, the rich farming-lands of Nebraska are left behind, and the road enters a vast grazing country, which extends to the base of the Rocky Mountains, and is covered summer and winter with nutritious grasses. Herds of antelope are seen feeding quietly on the verdurous slopes, villages of prairie-dogs break the monotony of the level, and occasionally a glimpse is obtained of buffaloes. Sidney (414 m.) is the largest place between North Platte and Cheyenne, and is quite a prosperous village, with round-honse, repair-shops, hotel, and eating-house. Just before reaching Archer (508 m.), the first glimpse is obtained of the Rooky Mountains, whose snow-did tops are at first mistaken for clouds. Long's Peak, 14,000 ft. high, soon ber nes plainly visible, and the Spanish Peaks are in the dim distance ; while away to the N., as far as the eye can reach, the duk line of the Black Hills leans against the horizon. Cheyenne (616 m.) is one of the largest towns on the entire road, though settled only in 1807. It now has a population of 2,S00, is the point of junction with the Denver Pacific Railway, and has an extensive round-house and shops. A few miles beyond Cheyenne, the ascent of the Rooky e such a rest as oer- r." icessary to engage a Palace-cars beyond from Ogden to San more fruitful outlay ar," consisting of an 1 vantage than in the ervals, and the train ration. ;e even the more im- », to direct his atten- 'erent sections of the s vast prairies, which primitive nakedness (e those in the more tllowed up in the im- like ti. : sea. On the om (29 m.), the road town on this section le-shop, belonging to of Nebraska are left nds to the base of the itious grasses. Herds ilftges of prairie-dogs obtained of buffaloes, ind Cheyenne, and is tel, and eating-hous«. Dtained of the Rocky ilouds. Long's Peak, Peaks are in the dim , the duk line of the is one of the Urgest w has a population of , and has an extensive ) ascent of the Rooky — . ... /. ,.'t«m ufMUlUMiimH OMAHA TO HAN FRANCI800. 119 Mountains is begun, and for 80 m. the road climbs rugged granite hills, winding in and out of interminable snow-sheds. Sherman (640 ra.) is the highest railroad sta- tion in the world (8,286 ft.) and affords grand views. Here commences the descent to the Laramie Plains, a vast wilderness which for the next 200 m. the road trav- erses. Nothing flourishes on these alkaline uplands but sage-brush, while jackass- rabbits, and horned toads with genuine tails, are almost the only specimens of ani- mal life to be seen. Cretton (787 m.) is the dividing ridge of the continent, tVom which waters flow each way, E. to the Atlantic, and W. to the Pacific. At Oreen River Station (846 m.) the trnin emerges from the desolate plains, and enters a moon- tain-region, which affords some fine views. Utah Territory is entered at Granger (876 m.). Within this region, between Green River and Salt Lake Valley, we jass through five tunnels, aggregating nearly 2,000 t\;., and cut through solid rock, which never crumbles, and consequently does not require to be arched with brick. CaetU Jtoek (976 m.) is a station at the head of Echo Gallon, and we then enter a region whose grand and beautiful scenery has been often described. Echo Gallon and We- her Canon are two of the most magniflcent sights on the whole Pacific route, and the tourist will be fortunate if he passes them by daylight. The road winds through all the devious turns of these caflons, while rook-ribbed mountains, bare of foliage, except a stunted pine, and snow-capped, rise to an awful height on either hand. Emerging from these grim battlements of rock, we catch the first view of Salt Lake Valley, and soon reach Ogden (1,082 m.). This is the point of junction between the Union and Central Pacific Railways, and of the Utah Central Railway, which ex- tends to Salt Lake City, 82 m. distant. Leaving Ogden, the road skirts the N. shore of the Great Salt I^ake, while the Mormon city lies near the S. end of it. The lake is 126 m. long and 46 m. wide, as quiet and placid amid its mountain-barriers as the water in a basin. Promontory. Point (1,084 m.) is interesting as the spot where the two companies building the Pacific Railways joined their tracks on May lu, 18A9. Beyond this the road enters upon an extended plateau, about 60 m. long and of the same width, known as the Oreat American Deiert. Its whole surface is covered with a sapless weed 5 or 6 inches high, and never grows any green thing that could sustain animal life. The only living things found upon it are lizards and jackass-rabbits; and the only landscape feature is dry, brown, and bare mountains. At Toano (1,214 m.) the Humboldt Valley, a comparatively fertile region, is entered ; here commences a long descending grade which extends to the Sierra Nevada Moun- tains. Elko (1,807 m.) is the most important station on this portion of the line, and is the shipping-point for the famous White Pine mining district of Nevada. At liO IIAM>-U()UK OF AMEKICAN CITIEH. WaiiMforth (l,B87 in.) the nBoent of tlin Sierra Nevn(lan in hcfriin. The weiirviiijf Hi){lit of plHiiiH covi'i'oil with iilkikli ttiid HAfie-hruHh Ih excharifti'd for |iictureH(|nf vieWN of inoiintiiiti-«ilo|ifM, M(lort)c(l witli hraiichiii^r pino-trocH, and ilivorniiioil with foaiiiinf^ { Halt Lake City. torreiiti*. The axcont soon hoconies ho steep that two lofoinotives are re(|nirv(l to draw the train. At siiort intervals there are strong; wooden snow-slieds, erected to Kuard the line against destruction hy snuw-aiides. These sheds, wliirh are very iniicli lil1\ ni.) is the hijclu-st point on the Central Pacific road (7,042 ft.), ond the scenery around the station is indescribably beautiful and impressive. " A Kmnder or more exhilarating ride than that from Summit to Colfax," says Mr. Nordhoft", "you can- not find in the world. The scenery is various, novel, magnificent. You sit in an open car at the end of the train, and the roar of the wind, the rush and vehement impetus of the train, and the whirl around curves, past the edge of dee]> chasn.!'. among forests of magnificent trees, fill you with excitement, wonder, and delight. . . . The entrance to California is as wonderful and charming as though it were the gate to a veritable fuiry-land. All its sights are peculiar and striking : as you pass down from Summit the very color of the soil seems ditterent from and richer than that you are accustomed to at home; the farmhouses, with their broad piazzas, speak of a summer climate ; the flowers, brilliant at the roadside, are new to Eastern eyes; and at every turn of the road new surprises await you." 8Mni«eBt» (1.775 m.) is the ca|>ital of California, and is the second city of the State in size. It is situ- ated at the head of navigation on the Sacramento River, is an important railroad and manufacturing centre, and contains 24,0(10 inhabitants. The State Capitol here is one of the finest public buildings in the United States. The journey from Sacramento to San Francisco is very pleasant, but without special interest, being for the most part through the highly-cultivated valleys of the Sacramento und San Joaquin. Stockton (1,823 in.) is the third city of California in size, contains 12,000 inhabitants, and is situated at the head of tide-navigation on the San Joaquin River. Oallnnd (1,910 m.) is a beautiful city of 12,000 inhabitants, !K.fki^l-i>i^:«£V! 8AN FRANCI8C0. 121 The wiMirvinif iictureH<|iii> viowH leil with foaming on the R. Hhoro of Sim Franoiitco Day, nlinoMt iliri'ctly opnoMiti* Hun FriinriHoti itnolf. The train pnnni's tiirougli thu city to Oiikliincl Point, wliuro tlic (>otii|iany liaii Ixiiit an iininenf*e pier 2^ tn. into tlic< l)ay. From tliiit |iior (which iit wcil wortli notice) u ferry-ltoftt convcyH tlic passentrorH and t'rciirlit to Han Frant-iHco, 8 ni. diatant. ivt'H are re(iiiired to w-slii'ds, erected to (Ih, wliich are very intic scenery on the nia. £xcnrHionii«t8 mmit Station (J,«7l t.), and the scenery A grander or more loniliott", "you can- lent. You sit in an rusli and vcliement Ige of deej) cliasn.!', nder, and deliglit. . thougli it were the rilcing: as you pass om and riclier tlian heir broad piazzas, , are new to Eastern " SamuMita (1,776 e in size. It is sitn- I important railroad B State Capitol here easant, but without rated valleys of the city of California in ' tide-navigation on f 12,000 inhabitants. SAN FRANOISOO. SAN FRAN("IH(;(), the chief city of Caiifornin, and comniorcla! metropolis of the I'aciflc coast, is situated at the N. eneninHula is lilly, bare of trees, and un- fit for culti- vation ; and there is but one road lead- bUte Capltol of C'«lirornla, it ttacrauivntu. ing out of the city. The business streets are built up densely, but beyond that the houses arc scattered at considerable intervals, and the settled part of the city may be said to cover an area of 9 s<|. m. In the N. E. corner of the city is Telegrapli Hill, 204 ft. high ; in the 8. F;. corner Rinoon Hill, 120 ft. high ; '^.nd on the W. sido Russian Hill, 360 ft. high. The densely-populated quarters tire in the amphi- theatre formed by the three liills. The city is regularly laid out, though not on a uniform plan ; the streets are broad and cross each other at right angles. The busiest streets are paved with Belgian bloclcs or cobble-stones, and most of the residence streets are planked. The history of San Francisco is interesting on account of the rapid growth of the place. The fltst house was built in 1836, when the village was called Verba Buena, which in Spanish means " good harb," so named from a medicinal plant gi owing in abundance in the vicinity. In 1847 this was changed to Han FVancisco, and in 1848, the year that gold was first discovered in Oalifornia by the white settlers, the popu- lation had increased to 1,000. The influx from the East then commenced, and in December, 1860, the population was about 26,000. In 1860 it was 66,802; in 1870 f • ik . — . ■' — IM IIAKD-noOK OP AMRRICAN C'lTIRR U9,47A; anil In Folirunry, IHTft, the iiiirnl>or wm t'Ntiiiwtfd by Iih-hI antliitritiM *t a80,(HM). Tlie city whh iiiciiriM»rutt<«l in IHrtO. hikI tin- city niitl cininty wore conDoli- dated in IHAtl. In Ih5I iind IHntt, in cuntuMiUfnce ot Imd niiinicipHi Kovcrr.. lont nnd corrupt adniiniHtriition of tim crhninnl lawn, tlie people orxanized Vit(ilan<>o (Nmi- initteeM, itnd MUinmiiriiy exiriiti'l tu'vcral criniinHlH and linniH|ii>d ntliorH. TIiIm ronith but wlioloHonie ilimipllne liad it* vtW'i't, and the city in now one ot' tlie nioiit ordei'y in the country. Tlie commerce .»f San Fiaiu inco Ih very lar^e, the cidof nrticleii of export l)einK tlie ])recioiiH iiietal», l»read«tutlH. wlnuo, and wool; and of import, lurr- ber, I'oal, coHVe, tea, rice, and Hunar. In 1H74 the number of Mca-tjoinn venHeU that arrived wax 4,204, aiid during; tlie Mame period i|t;iO,ti()o,oi)() of treHMure wait ex- portetl. Tlie manufactiireH are im|iortant, indiidinu woolen and Milk millM, and inanufactoriea of watciicM, carriuneH, liootn, furniture, candled, acldn, wire-work, oastini/N of iron and branH, and Milver-ware, HatflM, HMtaaraal*, aid Oakii.— The /'ntur^ llotrl, the lar|{eHt hiiildlnK of iti kind in the world and tlie namt complete in itM appointni'-nts, U 27^ by ;tB(lft. on the ground, nine NturieH liiKli, uan uccommodate l,2(i() ffiiextN, and cost witli land and furniture |»,2flO,0(Mt. Tlio (irand Hotel, cor. Market and \ew Mont«oinery HtM., Im a lar^o and well-kept hoiine (#8 a day). Other HrHt-claHH hoteU are : the (frridtntnt (|:t a day), in MoiitKomerv Ht., oxtendinjr from DuHh to Sutter ; the Lirt Iloime (|H a day), in Montgomery St. between I'oHt and Sutter; nnd the ('immo/tolittin (|:i a day), cor. Wash nnd SauHome Hta. The Riiwi llonnf (12.50 u day) !h an old-eNtnbliHhed hotel, cor. MontKomery nnd HuhIi St». (Jood nccommodntionH at from 111.75 to |2.50 a day can bo obtained at the Amerimn t'xchnnge, HI9 HanHome St.; the Brooklyn Hotel, 210 HuMh St. ; and the /uternationul Hotel, B82 JackMon St. There are nniny cheap lodging-hoiiHes where comfortable rooniH may be had at from 2A to no cts. per night; the most freBi ' VJ*W.H.,... HAN FRANCIfKO. IM I'lil iiiithoritieii at |nly wt-ru coiimuII- KDVt'rt. it'tit itnd ll Viirilanct' Ciiin- lu«r». Thin roiinh I the iiiiiNt ordi'. *y cliitif HrticleH of il of iiii|K)rt, liiir- ti>\nt( vuhmcIh that |tri'Hi*iir»« wiw ex- Ji(! Milk inillH, niul liu'idn, win*- work, (lintt of ifi kiml in ». on tho Kroiind, iiikI and fiirnitiiie ry HtK., Ih n iai'Ke u (frridsnftit ($il a k- lloiiiie(%\\ It day), nil ($•*> II day), cor. -UHtahliHhi'd hotui, Mil I1.7S to |2.no Ht. ; the lirooklyn 'I'here are many III 25 to fiO ots. per mrito St., formerly otlier pity in the phop-houwd, r«ro hit .yoH. There u |l, one oan sit at II of fare, incliidinK ed for ita excellent ntgoniery and Cali- and cut in China. 118 at 85 Sutter St. raluniex and a well- t^ation of ^ymnastio MoHon and Taylor. within the city lim- Dakland, on the E. iciiHc St.) ; and the terminate on San tersect the city in re also omnihu»e» to ner-landings and at ; to Alameda from ) San Quentin from lable promenade is ngs. At its N. end iages cannot ascend ^:^m&Mik..-?:'. ' - it. A Hiifht of Nt«-|>ii fiiahlen podoHtrianii to mount with <-onipHrati\i> ciiKit; and from Miu top lliore In a Hnn view ovt-r the city and hay. Kriirnry St. and Miirk$t St. art) alito fuHhionalde promonadeii, and oontiiiii Hoinu of the principal retail uliopii. In ('al{fiiniiit St. the piiiicipal hanki and hrokerH' and IniturHnce ot^ccit are located. The importerH and Jolihcm are in Fronl, Stinmiiiif, and IMtrry Sl», 1'he liand- Notiieat j>rivate renldenccN are in Van Ncm .Vve., fine St. Hill, and Taylor, HunIi, .Sutter, I'oHt, iieary, anil <»'Kiiri-ell StH. The " ('hincNc Quarter" romhriHeit por- tioiiH of Hacraiiicnto, ('oiniiiercial, Miipoiit, JNiciflc, and JackNon Sto. — The favorite drive in to the t'lijf lloimr, which ii« situated on the eilife of the I'iiti'H on the S. Mide of the entrance to tin (iolden (iiile (7 m. from the city). A tine, hroad, marad- ainizcd road leadii to it, which \* wntered in diinty weather, and Ik an Nniootli and well kept UN a race-courite. The Clitf IIoumc In deNcrilied further on. 'I'he road itaitHCN Iteyond I he hotel to a liroiid, lieautifiil lieach Meveral mileh lon)f, over which at low tide one can drive to the Orfnii IIovm at itn extreme end, and return to the city l>y a roati liehind the MiNition IiIIIm. Another popular drive iii to Ihintfr'n I'oitif, 4^ m. S. K. from the City Hull. > PiMIc aN PrtauMit lilMlBRh — A Mtranfter'a flriit impi coition of San Franci«co in that there are no puhlic huildinirH, thoiitrh the new (Ity Hall, In proceHN of erection oily Hall, Han Franclaco in Yerha Huena Park,»bonnded by Market, MacAllister, and Larkin Sts., will be a tino Htnicture, surpasned by few in tlic United Staten. The old Citj/ Hall, of stuc- coed brick, two storiea hi|{h, stands in Kearney St., between WiiHhington and Mer- chant (opposite the I'laza). The Cnntom-Ilouae, which also contains the Pout- Ojfief, is a plain but substantial building at the cor. of Battery and Washinjfton Sts. The Ci 8< BniBch Milt is on the iijiner Hoors of a rather shabliy old buildinf;^ in ('ommercial St., neir Monttjomery, and is well worth a visit (visitors admitted from a. m. to 12 M.). At this establishment is made two-thirds of all the ^to\^\ and silver coin manufactured in the United States. A new and massive bnildin^t for the mint is goin(( up at the cor. of Mission and 5th Sts. It will be of stone, in the Doric-Ionic style, and will cost |1, 500,000. The T. S. Tretwury is located at 428 Montgomery St. (office-hours from 9 a. m. to 8 p. m.). The Hall of lieeords, cor. Kearney and Washington 8ts., occupies the old " £1 Dorado," the famous gambling-hell of early San Francisco. The NerciMitR* Exdiaage, on tlie 8. side of California St., between Montgomery and Sansoine, is one of the most elegant and spacious buildings in the city. The Exchange is n splendid room in the first story, with lofty ceiling, and is well supplied with the leaiding papers and mt\gazines, home and foreign. In the tower over the building is a fine clock. The most notable commercial buildings. 124 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. boflidea the hotels, are those of the Bank of California, the Nevada Bank, and the Sc^fe-Deposit Bank, all in Galitbrniik St. Theatres aid Plaits of iBuemnt.— The California Theatre, in Bush St., near Kear- ney, is one of the fineHt buildings in the city. It is devoted to legitimate drama and star perfortnances. The Orand Opera-llome, in Washington St., near Montgomery, is also a handsome building. The performances are mostly opera houffe and bur- lesques. The Metropolitan Theatre, in Montgomery St., between Washington and Jackson, is one of the oldest on the coast, and has a large and fine auditorium. The Bella Unian Theatre is in Kearney St., near Washington The Alhambra Theatre, in Bush St., between Montgomery and Kearney, is devoted to varieties and negro minstrelsy. Woodward't Gardens, in Mission St., between 18th and 14ih Sts., is the Barnum's uf San Francisco. It contains a Museum of Curiosities, an Art-Gallery, and a Menagerie ; and the grounds are tastefully laid out. The City Oardeni, in Folsom St., between 12th and 13th, are a popular resort. There are two Chinee Theatres, one on the £. side of Dupont St., between Clay and Washington ; the other on the N. side of Jackson St., between Kearney and Dupont. No stranger in San Francisco should fail to visit one of these {see " Chinese Quarter "). The Race-course is near Hunter's Point, 5 m. S. of the City Hall. LIkrarlcs, Art-GiiUerleg, etc.— The building of the Mcrtaitite Ukrary AasMlatiM, in Bush St., between Montgomery and Sansome, is large and fine, of brick with brown- stone trimmings, 4 stories high. The rooms are spacious, well-arranged, and ele- ' gantly furnished. The library contains 40,000 volumes, and there are several read- ing-rooms, chess-rooms, and a gallery of pictures and statuary. The Odd-Fellows' Library, in Odd-Fellows' Hall, 325 and 327 Montgomery St., numbers 25,000 vol- umes, and has an excellent reading-room attached. The Mechanics' Institute Li- brary occupies a substantial building in Post St., between Montgomery and Kear- ney. It contains 30,000 volumes, and has a well-supplied reading-room. I'he Tmw Library, in Montgomery Block, contains over 15,000 volumes. The Society of California Pioneers, in Pioneer Hall (Montgomery St., near Jackson), has a good library and reading-room, together with a collection of many interesting -elicH of early times. The Academy of Sciences has rooms in the Mechanics' Institute building. Chirehesi — The largest and finest church-edifice on the Pacific Coast is St. Tit- rlek'g (Roman Catholic), in Mission St., between 3d and 4th. It is of brick, 160 by 90 ft., with a spire 240 ft. high. St. Mary's Cathedral (Roman Catliolic), cor. Cali- fornia and Dupont Sts., is a noble building in the Gothic style, with a spire 200 ft. high. St, Francis's (Roman Catholic), in Vallejo St., between Dupont and Stock- ton, is a large brick structure, in the Gothic style, with four towers, each 90 ft. high. han Asylum, in Laguna St., near Haight ; and the Soman Catholic Orphan Asylum, in Market St., near 8d. The Alameda Park Asylum fame ticket on either thia or tbo preceding roote.) This is a pleasant way of reaching Richmond when a couple of hours more or less are of no importance to the traveler. The trip down the Potomao is made by day, and affords good views of the river scenery and the various places of interest on its bank — Alexandria, Arlington, and Mount Vernon. In passing the latter place the bell of the boat is always tolled, Aquia Greek (65 m.) was an impor- tant military depot during the war for the Federal forces operating in the region N. of Fredericksburg, From IVederieksburg (69 ro,) the line is identical with that described in the preceding route. RIOHBCOND. (Beside* the foregoini; m<-tbod» of reaching KIchmond, it majr be renched lyom Baltimore WmMuu- cr down Chesapeake Bay to Norrolk ; thence br steamer np James River. \li>o via steameKfrom Baltimore down Chesapeake Bay and op York River to West Point : thence by rail [88 mTla' Bichmond. From New York direct tia " Old Dominion Line " of steami-ra [three times a week.]) RIGIIMOND, the capital and largest city of Virginia, iii situated on the N. bank of the Jamefl River, about 100 m. by water from Chesapeake Bay. The city is built on several eminences, the principal of which are Richmond and Shookoe Hills, which are separated by Shockoe Creek, and is surrounded by bvautiful scenery. It is regularly laid out and well built ; the streets, which are lighted with gas, cross each .other at right angles. It was founded in 1787, was incorporated in 1742, and became the State capital in 177(*, at which period it was a small village. The city was, in turn, the scene of the conventions of 1788, to ratify the Federal Constitu- tion, those of 1829, I860, and 1861, and other important political gatherings, which largely shaped the destinies of the Commonwealth. In 1861 still greater prominence was given to it as the capital of the Southern Confederacy ; and one of the great aims of the Federal authorities, throughout the war, was to reduce it into their pos- session. The obstinacy with which the Confederates defended it was a proof of the great importance which they attached to its retention. To effect this, strong lines of earthworks were drawn around the place, and may still be seen as memorials of the great struggle. When General Lee evacuated Petersburg, April 2, 1865, the troops defending Richmond on the £. were withdrawn, and, to prevent the tobacco- warehouses and public stores from falling into the hands of the Federal forces, the buildings — together with the bridges over James River — were fired. This resulted in the destruction of a large part of the business section of the city, extending from the Spottswond Hotel, on Main St., for nearly a mile- toward Rockett's, the lower saburb — the number of buildings destroyed having been estimated at 1,000, and the loss at $8,000,000. With the cessation of hostilities, Richmond set to work to rebuild her blackened quarters, which she has now almost wholly accomplished, and the city is rapidly recovering its former prosperity. The population in 1870 was 51,088, . of Ionic col- umns, the Elan having e e n fur- nished by Thomas Jef- ferson after that of the Maiton earrk at Nismes, in France. The view from the portico is ex- tensive and beautiful, taking in the r.. ■. 1 . n. . A James River, Cpltol at Richmond. with its windl ings and numerous islands. In the centre of the building is a square hall sur- mounted by a dome, beneath which stands Houdon's celebrated statue of Washing- ton. The statue is of marble, of the size of life, and represents Washington as clad in the uniform worn by an American general during the Revolution. The left hand rests on a bundle of fasces, on which hang a military cloak and a small sword, and against which leans a plough. The attitude is natural and easy, and the likeness to the great original is said to be strong. On one side of the pedestal is the following inscription : " The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Vir- ginia have caused this statue to be erected, as a monument of affection and gratitude, to Gboboe Wabiiikoton, who, uniting to the endowments of the Hero the virtues of the Patriot, and exerting both in establishing the Liberties of his Country, has rendered his name dear to his Fellow-Citizens, and given the World an immortal Exaniple of true Glory. Done in the year of Christ One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty-eight, and in the year of the Commonwealth the Twelfth." Near the statue of Washington, in a corner of the hall, stands an antique English store, cov- ered with ornamental chasings and inscriptions, which dates back far beyond the Revolution, and was used to warm the old Virginia Honse of Burgesses at Williams- burg in colonial times. In a niche in the wall is a marble bust of Lafayette. On the esplanade leading from the Governor's house to the W. gate of the Capitol Square, and near the latter, is Crawford's equestrian Static tf Washlif^, consisting of a bronze horse and rider, of colossal size, rising from a massive granite pedestal, and surrounded by bronze figures of Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefiierson, John Mar- shall, George Mason, Thomas Nelson, and Andrew Lewis. The horse is half thrown upon his haunches, and is thought to be one of the finest bronzes in the world. A life size marble statue of Henry Clay (near the W. corner) completes the decora- tions of the Capitol Square, which is a favorite resort of the citizens and of strangers. • j^aiefewsmt.:"^.. - city throngh the in waiting at the , hre from depot or for the first hoar, i»jg of Richmond, approaciiea, is the umniit of Shoclcoe Hill. It is a G r»co - Com- posite build- ing, adomoJ with a portior) of Ionic col- umns, the Elan having e e n fur- nished by Thomas Jef- ferson after that of the Maison. earrft at Nisroea, in France. The view from the portico is ex- tensive and beautiful, ^^ taking in the James River, witlj its wind- a square hall sur- statue of Washing- Washington as clad svolution. The left r cloak and a small tural and easy, and side of the pedestal nmon wealth of Vir- 'ption and gratitude, he Hero the virtues of his Country, has World an immortal and Seven Hundred welfth." Near the I English store, cov- ick far beyond the rgesses at Williams- t of Lafayette. On gate of the Capitol ashligtM, consisting ve granite pedestal, efferson, John Mar- lorse is half thrown is in the world, A npletes the decora- tie citizens and of RICHMOND. 129 The Gitif Hall is an elegant structure at the N. W. angle of Capitol Square. The Ootemor^t Hoy«e is a plain building on the N, E. corner of the square. The Vustom-Ifouiie, whicli also contains the Po»t-Offiee, is a handsome striiclure of gran- ite, in the Italian style, in Main St., between lOtli and 11th. -tj'^'i ;*C!l^^ ^^^'\\ The Medical College, in rear of ^lmJ^^^^i^ _ m ^'^*, k?'--^ the Monumental Church, is a tine specimen of the Egyptian style of architecture. In the vicinity is the Brickenhrough Home, which wis the resi- dence of .letfcrson Davis, Presi- J dent of the Southern Confeder- j acy ; it is uow used as a school h»>Ub«.. The Utate Penitentiary ' is a large whitewashed brick ' building, in the W. suburbs of the city. Other prominent buildings are the Lihbff and Ca»tle Thunder Prison*; but! these are mere tobacco-ware- ' luuses, of no interest apart] from the associations connect-' ed with them. Tkeatres aad Flaws cf ii ■eat. — The old Richmond The- atre, in Broad St., built in con- sequence of the destruction l)y | fire of the former theatre, on the site of the Monumental Church, is a handsome and spa- cious building, with a neat au- ditorium. Other well-conduct- ed places of amusement are the Virginia Hall and the Amembly Hall. Chwrehesi — The churches of Richmond are numerous, and several of them are handsome specimens of architecture. Those with historic associations are St. John's and the Monumental. St. Jaha's (Episcopal) is a plain edifice with a modern spire, on Church Hill, cor. Broad and 24th Sts. It is of ante-Revolutionary origin, and in it was held (in 1 775) the Virginia Convention to decide the action of the colony, on which occasion Patrick Henry exclaimed: "The war is inevitable, and let it cornel Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and sla- very? Forbid it. Almighty God ! I know not what course others may take, but, as for me, give me liberty or give me death! " St. John's Church was subsequently, in 1788, the scene of the meeting of the convention to determine whether Virginia would ratify the Federal Constitution. The MMiBCBta! Chirrh (Episcopal), cor. Broad and 18th Sts., is a handsome edifice, with a dome, standing on the spot for- merly occupied by the Richmond Theatre. Tn 1811, during the performance of a piece called "The Bleeding Nun," the theatre cauglit fire, and, in the terror and con- fusion of the crowd rushing to the doors, 69 persons, including the Governor of Vir- ginia and some of the most eminent men and beautiful women of the State, were crushed or burned to death. The cliurch was erected as a memorial of the event, the remains of the victims being interred beneath a mural tablet in the vestibule. Of the more modem structures, St. PauV$ (Episcopal), cor. Grace and 9th Sts., is the most imposing. In it Jefferson Davis was seated when a messenger brought him the fatal news that Lee was about to evacuate Petersburg. Other important churches are the Mrat Baptist, cor. Broad and 12th Sts. ; the Second Baptist, cor. Main and 6th Sts. ; the Trinity Methodist, cor. Broad and 20th Sts. ; the Cmtenary ■' ,■ s^ ■ Statne of WaBhiDgton. 180 HAKD-DOOK OF AMERICAN OITIES. Methodist, cor. Grace and fith ; the First Presbyterian, cor. 10th and Capitol Sts. ; St. Peter's (Roman Gatholic), cor. Grace and 8th StH. ; and St, Patricio's (Roman Oatholic), Churcli Hill and 25th 8i. The old African Church is a lontf, low build- ing in Uroad St.. near Monumental Ghurch, famous as a place of political meet- ings before and during the war. MlMdlaMtai) Platfs tf latercst. — There are several cemeteries in Richmond, the ftrincipal of whicli is ll9ll>WM4« This is a spot of great natural beauty, in the W. imits of the city, above James River, and embraces an extensive tract, alternately hill and dale, the whole ornamented with venerabie trees, shrubs, and flowers. On the hill at the 8. extremity, a monument marks the resting-place of President Mon- roe. Other |)er8on8 of note are buried here, among them General J. E. B. Stuart, com- mander of Lee's cavalry, in the soldiers' section are the graves of hundreds of Con- federate dead, from the midst of which rises a monumental pyramid of rough stone. The Falls of James River, extending for about 6 m. above the city, are exceedingly picturesoue, and well worth a visit. Three bridges across the river connect Rich- mond with Spring Hill and Manchester, the latter a pretty village with two fine cotton-mills. The Tredegar Iron ■ Works, situated on the river, above the Armory, are among the largest in the country. The buildings cover 16 acres of ground. The Gallego Flour- Mills are said to he the largest in the world ; they can turn out 1,600 barrels of flour a day. RICHMOND TO OHARI.BSTON. ( fita " Atlantic Coait Line." Distance, 087 m. Time, alraut SS lioani.) Orossiito James River on a handsome bridge, the trains on this route soon reach Petersburg (22 m.), a venerable old town on the S. bank of the Appomattox River, famous as the suene of the last great struggles during the late civil war. Since the war, Petersburg has prospered, and the marks of the conflict are slowly disappear- ing; but the fortifications are still distinctly traceable, and the chief battle-fields, etc., are easily found. Weldon (86 m.) is a thriving post-village in North Carolina, at the hea Florida. Ooldsboro I Neuse River, at the North Carolina, is in m. from the sea. It e, though it played a ar. Fort Fisher lies 'een Wilmington and the same featureless ag Florence (852 m.) ich road, 88 m. long, }«l«aUa (433 m.), the uifs of the Congaree, imous for its delight- jspect of the city was fied BO large a part ot The State Capitol, dings in the United The view from Ar- na. From Columbia of the lowland feat- ' character, since the pine-forests. There CHARLESTON. OBAIUJBSTON. 181 (Baaldei the route above described, Chirtecton may be reacbed b; rail (h>ni Richmond via Dauvllle, Oreentborn, Charlotte, and t^olnmbla. Thla route i« farther Inland and allsbtlv lonirer tban Uie other; otherwlne it dllTani Utile. From New York, Charleston Is reached direct via '' New York and Charleston Btearoshlpn," leaving Pier S9, North Blver, at 8 p. a., on Tneadajts, Thundays, aiv* Saturdays. Time, about 60 hours; fate [cabin], |W. From Philadelphia via steamer, (savinx Pier 4, every Friday. Time and hro same as Arom New York. From Baltimore by steamer every Ave days. Time, SO hours ; Ikre, 116.) CHARLESTON, the chief commercial city of South Carolina, is picturesquely situated at the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, in lat. 82° 46' N., and Ion. 79° 57' W. The rivers run a parallel coivrse for nearly 6 m.', widening as thoy approach the sea, and thus gradually narrowing the site of the city to a penin- sula. The harbor is a large estuary, extending about 7 m. to the Atlantic, with an average width i^ 2 m. It is landlocked on all sides except an entrance of about a mile in width. The passage to the inner harbor is defended by four fortresses. On the r. at the entrance is Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's Island, occupying the site of the fort which, on June 28, 1776, beot off the British fleet of Sir Peter Parker. On the ]., raised upon a shoal in the harbor and directly covering the channel, is Fort Sum- ter, rendered famous by the part which it played in the opening scene of the civil war. Immediately in front of the city, and but 1 m. from it, is Castle Pinckney, Charleston. covering the crest of a mud-shoal, and facing the entrance. A fine view of the city is obtained in entering the harbor from the sea; and, as it is built on low and level land, it seems to rise from the water as we approach, whence it has been called the "American Venice." The corporate limits of Charleston extend irom Battery or White Point, on the extreme S. verge of the city, to an arbitrary line on the N. about 3 m. above. Within this area the eMj is laid out with tolerable regularity, the streets generally crossing each other at right angles. The houses are mostly of brick or wood, and have large open grounds around them. There are few regular blocks or rows of buildings, and no uniformity ; but what is lost in this respect is gained in variety, and with the fine gardens, shade and fruit trees, creepers, vines, the magnolia, the oak, the cedar, and the pride of India, girdling the quaint dwell- ing-houses, the effect is highly picturesque. Charleston was settled in 1679 by an English colony nnder William Sayle, who became the first Governor. It played a conspicuous part in the Revolution, having been the first among the chief places of the South to assert a common cause with and for the colonies. It was thrice assaulted by the British, and only yielded to a six weeks' siege by an overwhelming force. May 12, 1780. It was the leading city, both in the nullification movement during Jackson's administration and in the in- cipient stages of Southern secession. Op»n hostilities in the civil war began at 182 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAX CITIES. m Mil Oharleston, with the bombardment of Fort Samter on April 12, 1801 ; and for the next four years it wns one of the cliief points of Federal attack, without beinn lost by the Confederates, however, antii Sherman's capture of Columliia on February 17, 1866. Durinf; the war many buildings were 'lestroyod, and the towers and steeples of churches riddled with shot and sliell. binco its close rapid progress has been made in tiie work of rebuilding, and Chirleston is now more prosperous than over. The growth of population has been as follows: In 1800 it was 18,711; in 1860, 42,U86 ; in 18*10, 40,610; and in 1870, 48,tf6B. The commerce of the city is large, the chief exports being cotton Tfor which it is one of the chief shipping-ports), rice, naval stores, and fertilizers. '1 he manufacture of fertilizers from tne /aluable beds of marl and phosphate, discovered in 1868, is now one of the |>rincipal industries ; but there are also flour and rice mills, bakeries, carriage and wagon factories, and macliine-siiops. Halfis Hd BesUMraBts. — The leading hotel is the CharUaton Hotel (|4 a day), centrnlly located in Meeting St., between Ilayne and Pinckney Sts. It is noted for its great Htone colonnade and piazza, reaching from pavement to roof. The Mills Home, also in Meeting St., is temporarily closed. The Pavilion Hotel, cor. Meeting and Ilasel Hts. (#3 a day), and the Waverley House ($2.50 a day), in King St. near Hasel, are unpretentious but comfortal)le houses. There ore few restauranUi in Charleston, almont none deserving the'name, though there are "lunch-rooms," with bars attached. The best of these are in East Bay St. near Broad, and in King St. near Wentworth. Madcs «f CMvrjaafe, — Three lines of horte-cara traverse the city, and atford easy access to the chief points of interest (fare lOc). They pass through the principal streets, from the Exchange and tlie battery to the upper ends of Rutledge Ave. and Meeting St. Omnibwtes are in waiting at the depots and landings on the arrival of trains and steamers, and convey passengers to any portion of the city (fare 60c.). Livery-ttabUs are attached to the different hotels, and, though the charges are not aniform, they are usually moderate, Stncts aid Drives. — The two principal streets are King and Meeting, which run N. and S., nearly parallel, the whole length of the city, but converge to intersection near the northern limits. Elag St. contains the leading retail chores, and is the fashionable promenade. The jobbing and wholesale stores are chiefly in Meeting St. ; and the banks, and brokers' and insurance offices, are in Broad St. The Battery is a popular promenade, lying near the water's edge, and commanding an extensive view of the Bay ; it is surrounded by fine private residences. Fine residences are also found in Meeting St. below Broad, in Rutledge St. and Ave., and at the W. end of Wentworth St. The roads leading out of the city along the Ashley and Cooper Rivers are singularly beautiful, and afford interesting drives. They are all riohly embowered in loveliest foliage ; pines, oaks, magnolias, myrtles, and jus- mines, vying with each other in tropical luxuriance and splendor. There are also fine drives on Sullivan's Island (reached by ferry). PaMlc aid PraniMat BilMlagg. — Several of the most important of these are olns- tered at the intersection of Broad and Meeting Sts. On the N. £. corner is the City Hall, an imposing building, entered by a double flight of marble steps, and standing in an open square. The Council-Chamber is handsomely furnished, and con- tains some interesting portraits. On the N. W. comer is the Gourt-Houte, a substan- tial structure of brick, faced so 1:8 to resemble stone. On the S. E. corner stands St. Michael's Church, which will be described further on ; and on the S. W. comer is the Ouardhovse, or Police Headquarters, a plain brick building, with a colonnade ex- extending over the sidewalk in Broad St. The force is semi-military in organization, and is composed about equally of whites an4 negroes, who drill with Winchester rifles. At the foot of Broad St. stands the Po»t-Offiee, a venerable structure, dating from the colonial period, the original material having been brought from England in 1761. It was much battered during the war, but has since been renovated. The new Custom-Houte, which has been building for several years and is still unfinished, is situated just S. of the Market-wharf, on Cooper River. It is of white marble, in the Roman-Corinthian style, and will be the finest edifice in the city. A noble -."i).-itiifei.^«?: m^&i&m, r*-si»S8i!S; CHABLESTON. 188 1861; and for the without beintr lost >iu on February 17, tuwora and steeples progress has been uHperous than over. 18,711; in 1860, of tlie city is large, lipping-ports), rice, n tne .aluable beds rincipal industries ; agon factories, and Hotel (|4 a day), Hh. It is noted for () roof. The Mill* Hotel, cor. Meeting ^•), in King St. near few reetaurante in lunch-rooms," witli )ad, and in King Ht. •ity, and afford easy trough the principal f Rntledge Ave. and igs on the arrival of the city (fare 60c.). tlio charges are not Meeting, whicl, run V erge to intersection il stores, and is the liiefly in Meeting St. ; d St. The BatteiT is ending an extensive Fine residences are A.ve., and at the W. long the Ashley and Irives. Tliey are all IS, myrtles, and jns- idor. There are also Eint of these are clus- e N. E. corner is the )f marble steps, and y furnished, and con- urt-HouM, a substan- , E. corner stands St. 1 the 8. W. comer is with a colonnade ex- itary in organization, Irill with Winchester able stracture, dating rought from England )een renovated. The ind is still unfinished, 8 of white marble, in 1 the city. A noble view is obtainecl ft-om its graceful Corinthian portico. The Charletton Ctub-HouH is an elegant building, in Meeting St. between Broad and Tradd, with a prettr gar- den in front. It was erected before the war, by the Carolina Club (which won broken up by tlie war), and is now nsed by the United States Courts. The VhaiH' her qf Vommerre occupies tlie 2d and 8d floors of a liandsonie bnilding at the cor. of Broad and East Bay Sts. ; it has a good reading-room and a restaurant for the use of the members. The Aeademy of Mwtie, cor. King end Market Sts., is one of the finest theatres in the South. It is 60 by 281 ft., and cost tl60,(MX>. Besides the theatre, with accomroodations for 1,200 persons, it contains two large halls for concerts, lectures, etc. The Maeonie Temple is a large but rather fantastic build- ing, at the cor. of King and Wentworth Sts. The old OryluuHllMHe, standing in the midst of spacious grounds, between Calhoun and Vanderhorst Sts., is the most im- posing edince in the city, and one of the most famous institutions of the kind in the country. John C. Fremont, once a candidate for the presidency, and C. C. Mem- minger, Confederate Secretary of the Treasury, were educated there. A statue of William Pitt, erected during the Revolution, stands in the centre of the grounds. The College of Vharleeton, founded in 1788, has spacious buildings, located in the eqnare bounded by George, Oreen, College, and St. Philip Sts. It has a library ot about 6,000 volumes, and a valuable museum of natural history. The Medical Col- lege, cor. Queen and Franklin Sts., and Aofwr Hotpital, cor. Queen and Mazyok Sts., are large and handsome ba'ldings, the latter es|>eoially so. On the same square with these two are the City Hotpital and the County Jail. The Workhouse, near by, in Magazine St., is a spacious castellated structure in the Norman style. The Charleston Library, founded in 1748, has a plain but commodious bnilding at the cor. of Broad and Church Sts. It lost heavily in the fire of 1861, but now contains about 20,000 volumes. The South Carolina Society Hall, in Meeting St. near St. Michael's Church, is a substantial structure, with colonnade and portioo, and a fine interior. Market HiU, in Meeting St. near the Bay, is a fine building, in temple form, standing on a high, open basement, having a lofty portico in front, reached by a double fiight of stone steps. In rear of this building are the markets, consisting of a row of low sheds supported by brick arches, and extending to East Bay St. Between 6 and a.m. these markets present one of the most characteris- tic sights that the stranger can see in Charleston. Ckarckes. — There are at least two churches in Charleston that no stranger should fail to visit— St. Michael's and St. Philip's— both Episcopal. St n«kMi*i is at the S. E. corner of Broad and Meeting Sts. It was built in 1762, it is said from designs from a pupil of Sir Christopher Wren. The tower is considered very fine, and the situation of the church makes the spire a conspicnous object far out at sea. Its ishimes are celebrated for tiieir age and sweetness. During the siege of Charleston, in the late war, the spire was a mark for the Federal artillerymen ; but, though persistently shelled, it was struck but a few times, and then only with slight iiyury. The view from the belfry is very fine, embracing the far stretch of sea and shore, the fortresses in the harbor, the shipping, and nearer at hand bnild- ings as ancient as the church itself. St. Phillip's, in Chnrch St. near Queen, was the first church establishment in Charleston ; but the present structure, although of venerable age, is yet not quite so old as St. Michael's. The view from the steeple is fine ; but there is a keener interest in the graveyard than even in the old church itself, for here lie South Carolina's most illustrious dead. In the portion of the graveya''^ that lies across the street is the tomb of John 0. Calhoun. It consists of a plain granite slab, supported by walls of brick, and for inscription has simply the name of " Oalhodn." St. MnJbanr'e Cathedral (Roman Catholic), or rather the ruins of it (for the building was destroyed in the great fire of 1861), is at the cor. of Broad and Friend Sts. It was one of the most elegant edifices in Charleston, and the walls, turrets, and niches, still standing, are highly picturesque. The Citadel Square Baptist Church, cor. Meeting and Henrietta Sts., is a fine bnilding, in the Norman style, with a spire 220 ft high. The Central Pretbyterian, in Meeting St. near Society, has an elegant Corinthian portico with 8 columns. The Unita- rian Church, in Archdale St. near Queen, is a fine spesunen of the perpendicular 10 \ \ 184 .HAND-BOOK Of AMBBICAN CITIES. Gothic style, niid ilt, if for no otiier iiiirpOHe, to aee the quaint and elegant mural entab- latnreit with which it* walU arc lined. Nabirkii. — .luHt (lutnide <>f the city, on the N. boundary, is Magnolia Ctmttery (reached liy liorMo-cnrH). It iit embowered in inaitnoliait and live-oakH, In tastefully laid out, and contains Honie flnv monuments, of which tlie moHt noteworthy ore those to Colonel Wm. WHshingtoii, of Huvolutionnry fume, Hugh Legarfi, uiil vi . Uilmore Himms, tlie noveliMt. In n vault repose the remains of Lieutenant Vanderliost, whose ooffln, shroudeil with the I'nion Jack, may be Heen through the lattice-door of the tomb. — Of the ol JaBM on (ioose Creek (reached by carriage, or by Northeastern K. R. to Porcher's Ktation, 16 m.). It is situated in the very heart of a forest, is approached by a road little better than a bridle-path, and is entirely inolated from habitations of any sort. The church was built in ITUi ^nd was saved from destruction during the Revolutionary War l>y the royal arms of England that are emblazoned over the pulpit. The floor is of stone, tlie pews are square and liigh, the altar, reading-desk, and pulpit, are so small as to seem like ndniatures of ordinary church-flztures, and on the walls and altar are tablets in memory of the early members of 'he congrega- tion. One dates from 1711 and two from 1717. — A short distance from the church, on the other side of tlie main road, is a farm known as the The Gate, from the magnificent avenue of those trees by which it is a])proached. The trees are believed to be nearly 200 years ohl ; they have attained great size, and for nearly i nt. form a continuous arch over the broad road. A day or two may be profitably spent in visiting the various points of interest In the harbor: Fort Siimter, which is picturesque even in its ruins; James Jtland, with its ruined plantations and crumlding fortifications; Mount Pleamnt, once a popular summer resort, l>ut now filled witli moss-grown and rotting houses; and Sullitan'B Island, whicli is fast becoming the " Long Branch " of South Carolina, and already contains many handsome cottages and some attractive drives. A steam- boat plies regularly every hour between the city, Mount Pleasant, and Sullivan's Island, and on the latter is a line of horse-cars. OHAIULB8TON TO SAVANNAH. ( Fid Savannah A Cbarluaton R. B. Distance, lOT m. Tlmr, 7 brf .) Tbib road runs within a few miles of the Atlantic coast line, though never io sight of the ocean. For miles the rails are laid on piles, passing through marsh and morass, and crossing swift-rushing, dirty streams, dignified by the name of rivers, and baptized with anpronounceable Indian names. There are no towns of impor> — U ,j ^ SAVANNAH. 18S utheran Chvreh, in (iothlo atyle, witb rth Ht., In the iixirt. nnd Queen HtH., i» li't(ant mural entab- Miif/nolia Ceviettry e-uaks, Ih tditefully uteworthv are thou are, uijI W. Olhiiore Vanderliost, whute « lattico-iluor of the hut one roniains, ion, standing in the ainHootvd from floor It'H, and tlie mantels or tho owner lost the itH inconiplvteneM a (K>H. Its parlor is a tiles of its fl replaces B farther up the river f tho most beum destruction during I emblazoned over the je altar, reading-desk. y church-fixtures, and hers of she congrega- ance from the church, e Thg Oah, from the The trees are believed i for nearly i nt. form lous jtoints of interest I ruins ; Jamem hlandy wunt Pleasant, once a I rotting houses; and of South Carolina, and ive drives. A steam- teasant, and Sullivan's DP, 7 bn.> line, though never in ing through marsh and )y the name of rivers, re no towns of impor- tance on the line, but the scenery in wild and rich. ExtenNive nine-forests, lofty cyproHseK, wreuthora llirau I Intra ■ wni>k ; no Tii<«iKlajr» rmm Plur IS Rail River, (HavaDnah may hv reaclicl by rail dlrnct fruni KIchmond rla Danville, Ohariolte, N. C. Oa. Knim New York there are iitaiiiners Ihrau llmra ■ wni>k ; no Tiiendajr* rmm Plui OD Tbandayr and Hatiirdayn rmm Plur H North Klver. al 8 ■*. ■. '^Iinr, alxiDt IM) lira. ; hrt IcaMiiji $n. There are alru Kt«ariiuri< lo Hnvannab rmm i'lilladt'ijilila it-very hatiinlavl and fmm Balll- more (thrve timea a month). Kara rrom Philadelphia, $W ; from Hallluiore, $IA.) H«lclii The Sere fen Iloiut, on Johnson 8<|iiuro (|4 adiiy); tlie I'vlatki Uoum, in Bryan St., Johnson Smiaro (|4a(liiy)- the Marihall Home, \n Hroughton Ht. (IB a day); and the Patilion Hotel (%'A a duy). ^J AVANN AH, tho chief city of Georgia, is situated on tho 8. hank of tho .'^avannah i^ River, IH m. from its mouth. Tho site was selected by (iuneral Oglethorpe, the founder of tho colony of (ioorgia, who made his first sottlenieni at this point in February, 1788. Tho city occupies a bold blutt', about 40 ft. high, extending along the river-bank for a mile, and backward, widening as it rec 'des, iil>out m. The river making a gentle curve around Hutchinson's Island, Hie water-front of the (dty is in the shape of an elongated crescent about 2^ m. in length. Tho corporate Savannah. limits extend back on the elevated plateau about U m., the total area of tlio city being 8| sq. m. In its general plan. Savannah is universally conceded to be one of the handsomest of American cities. Its streets are brobd and beautifully shaded, they crosseach other at right angles, and at iiany of the principal crossings are small public squares cr parks, from 1^ to 8 acres in extent. These parks, 24 in number, located at equal distances through the city, neatly inclosed, laid out in walks, and planted with tho evergreen and ornamental trees of the South, are among the most oharacteristio features of Savannah; and, in the spring and summer months, when they are carpeted with grass, nnd the trees and shrubbery are in full foliage, afford i 186 IIAND-B4K)K or AMRRIOAN CITIES. y the free ventilHtiun which they •fTorO. lIiHin tlie large "truat-luti," fuiir ul' whioh front un enoh of theiki wiunreii (S on the h. iiml 2 on the W.), many of the puhllc ctlillceii and |iiiliitiul (irivnte reiti- uentH'M of the city are hiiilt. The renldenceH are iiioNtly Nurroiinded hy Howur-gardent, which itiooiii throiiglioiit the year; and among tlie Hhruhhery, in whik-h the city in literally eml)owereitizens was hold in the same apartment to com- memorate the triumph of the Union arms. Among the interesting relics of tho past history of Savannah are the building in which the Colonial Legislature held its ses- sions, in S. Broad St. near Drayton, and the mansion of the (ruvernor of (icorgia during the occupation of the city by the British, which stands in Broughton St. The Market presents an animated and oharaotoristic spectacle in the early morning. Tho Oeorgia Historical Society has a large and beautiful hall, in which are a fine library and some interesting relics. Of the church ediflcos the Episcopal Churches of St. John'i a ad Chritfi are the most striking. The former is in the Gothic, the latter in the Ionic style. The lofty spire of the Independent Presbyterian Church is Qiuch admired. This church is built of Quincy granite, and cost $180,000. IVinily Church stands in Johnson Square, near the spot where John Wesley deliv- ered his famous sermons. The most attractive place of public resort is FwRyth Park, an inclosure of 80 acres in the S. part of the city. It is shaded by some venerable old trees, is laid out in serpentine walks, and ornamented with evergreen and flowering trees and shrnbs. In tlie centre is a handsome fountain, after the model of that in the Place do la Concorde, Pons. la Johnson or Monument Square, near the centre of the city, is a flne Doric obelisk, erected to the memory of General Greene an.' Count Pulaski, the oorner-stone of which was laid by Lafayette, during his visit in 1826. The PakuU MMiaeit stands in Chippewa Square, and is one of the most chaste and perfect specimens of monumental architecture in tlie United States. The steps are plinths of granite ; the shatl is of purest marble, 66 ft. high, and is surmounted by an exquisitely-carved statue of Liberty, holding the national banner. The mona- ment appropriately covers the spot where Pulaski fell, during an attack npon the MOBILR. 187 toy (ire not only or- —ilntiun which thu> rh of thttio wiunre* iihitiul |)rivnte roiti- I hy Howur-Ksnlcni, in wliivli thu city in inoliH, tiio l>ay, the itriii|( uloandor, and tht Itritiiili nttncked vd in ovvrwhehiiing )inhin«d Fri>no>i nnu 1 ( uiint rulnnki tell In 1800 it liad Ifi,- hlot' huHinvHii of tlie lumber l« nlso con- ItfttcH. It recovered iince about doubled, nderles, and Houring treet at the foot of from the uppermost divided by rows of t of Hnvannali. The ton, and Broad St». Viutom-JIatM, which 'y Exchange, in front U8 ; the Court- Ifovse, ulrew't Hall and the ker of the Exchange he building on the N. I, U interoHting as the 1, 18(11. Four yearn me apartment to com- tting relies of the past e)(ixlature held its ses- (fovernor of Georgia nds in Broughton St. in the early morning. I, in which are a fine lie Episcopal Churches jr is in the Gothic, the t Presbpterian Church 9, and cost |1 80,000. »re John Wesley deliv- rk, an inclosure of 80 arable old trees, is laid id flowering trees and el of that in the Place jear the centre of the eral Greene an.^ Count iring his visit in 1825. Df the most chaste and , States. The steps are , and is surmounted by al banner. The monu- ng an attack upon the I'lty while it was (MHMipiod by the Rritlih, In 1770. It waa constructed by I.auntti, of Now York, at a coHt lt, Isle of Hope, Keaulien, Mcmtgoiuery, and White HlutT, are all rural retreats on "The Salts," within short driving-di.>tanjvolutionary exploit of Sergeant .lasper, who, with only one companion, successfully assailed u British guard of eight men and released a party of American prisoners. SAVANNAH TO MOBILXI. ( 17(1 Onorgls ('cintrsl, Allaiiln A Wvki I'ulnr. Wiwtem, and Mobllii A Montitomerjr Rillwsjr*. I>l«UDce, 6M ni. Thnru iiru no thr(>iiKli-traliii>, and tlie Irsvelrr will havu to coniult local ttme-tabli'K i This route passes thron the most productive and thickly-settled districts of (ioorgia and Alabama, an ill enable the traveler to see many of the most charac- teristic itspects of Southern inland scenery, which, if not strikingly picturesque, is generally |ileasing. Numerous towns, some of them very pretty, cluster along the line, liut there are only two or three of sufticiont importance to re(|uire sf>ecial mention. Nmm (190 m.), one of the most prosperous and populous cities of (ieorgia, is prettily situated on the Ocmulgee River. It contains upward of 10,000 inhabitants, is the sit? of several important iron-founderies, motdnne-shops, and flour-mills, is regu- larly laid out and well built, and, like Savannah, is embowered in trees and shrub- bery. AUaita (208 ni.) is the capital of Georgia, and, next to Savannah, the largest and most important city in the State. It is the outgrowth of the railroad-system centring there, and is rather Morttiem than Southern in character. It is pictu- resquely situated upon hilly ground, and has some flne scenery in its neighborhood, but possesses little to interest the tourist. The principal buildings are the State- Honse (from the cupola of which a flne view is obtained), the City -Hall, the Kim- biill House, and the Union Passenger Depot. MMtgaaery (408 m.) is the capital of AlabAma, and the second city of the State in size and commercial importance. It is situated on the Alabama River, was founded in 1817, had 10,088 inhabitants in 1870, and has a sort of fame as the flrst capital of the Confederate States. The only noteworthy buildinK is the State-House, which, though small, is an imposing structure. It is situated on Capitol Hill, and from its dome an extended view is obtained. mobHiB. (Mobile Is reached direct flrom New Tork via Baltimore, Richmond, Danville. Charlotte, Angosta, Atlanta, and MontKomerr. Distance, 1,864 m. ; time, 7S lioiin* ; fare, $4080. AIro tna "Oreat Honthem Hall Roote." Baltimora, Waahloaton, Lynchbure, Bristol, Knozvllle, Dallon, Rome, and Montgompry. Distance, 1.378 m. ; time. S oajri 19 hours ; fare, $40JtO. PaoRengera from the Wett can reach Mobile via Loalsvtlle, NavhTillc, and Chattanooga. > 1 1 The Battle House ($4 a day), cor. Royal and St. Francis Sts., is the leading hotel, and almost the only one worthy the name. I 138 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. MOBILE, ttie largest city and only seaport of Alabama, is situated on tho W. side of the Mobile River, immediately "bove its entrance into Mobile Bay, 30 m. from the Gulf of Mexico, in lat. 80° 451 N. and Ion. 88° W. Its site is it sandy plain, rising as it recedes from the river, and bounded, at the distance of a few miles, by high and beantifal hills. The corporate limits of the city extend 6 m. N. and 8. and 2 or 3 m. W. from the river. The thickly-inhabited part exten, touching at Ha- Tana antl *^ey West. Time. 8 days ; fare, $80. Fram Pittsbarg, Cincinnati, or 8t. Lonls, via steamer down the Misaissippl Rirer. From Loaisville by rail, via Memphis and Jackson.) ""^T EW ORLEANS, the capital, chief city, and commercial metrojiolis of Louisiana, _i\| is situated on both banks (but chiefly on the left) of the Mississippi River, 100 m. above its mouth, in 'at. 29° 67' N. and Ion. 90° W. The older portion of the city is built within a great bend of the river, ttom which circumstance it derives its familiar tobriquet of the " Crescent City." In the progress of its growth up-stream, it has now so extended itself as to follow long curves in opposite directions, so that the river-front on the 1. bank presents an outline somewhat resembling the letter S. The statutory limits of the city embrace an area of nearly 160 sq. m., but the actual city covers an area of about 41 sq. m. It is built on land gently descending from the river toward a marshy tract in the rear, ai\d from 2 to 4 ft. below the level of the river at high-water mark, which is prevented from overflowing by a vast embankment of earth, called the Levee. Thia iev<,e \b 15 ft. wide and 4 ft. high, is constructed for a great distance along the river-bank, and forms a delightful promenade during the fall and winter months. The site of New Orleans was surveyed in 1717 by De la Tour; "t was settled in 1718, but abandoned in consequence of overflows, storms, and sickness; v/as reset- tled in 1728, held by the French till 1729, the; by the Spanish till 180!, and by the French again till 1803, when, with the province of Louisiana, it was ceded to the United States. It was incorporated as a city in 1804, and in 1868 was made the capital of the State. The most memorable events in the history of New Orleans are the battle of Jan. 8, 1816, in which the British were defeated by Andrew Jack- son, and the capiure of the cit> by Admiral Farragut on April 24, 1862. In 1810, 140 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. seven years after ita cesHion to the United States, the population of New Orleans waa 17,248. In 1850 it had increased to 11«,375 ; in 1860, to 168,676 ; and in 1870, to 191,418. In 1875 local authorities estimated it at about 210,000. — In the value of its exports and its entire foreign commerce New Orleans ranks next to New York, thouffh seve.al ports surpass it in the valr.e of imports. Not unfreqnently from 1,000 to 1,500 steauiers and flat-boats may be seen lying at the Luvee; and, except in the smniiier months, ^t» wharves are thronged with hundreds of ships and sailing- New Orleans. ' cr.^ft from nil quarters of the globe. New Orleans is the chief cotton-mart of the world ; and, besides cotton, it sendp abroad sugar, tobacco, flour, pork, etc., to the total value in 1874 of $93,715,710. Its imports of cotfee, sugar, salt, iron, dry- goods, liquors, etc., amounted in 18/4 to "$14,533,804. The manufactures of the city are not extensive. Hotcta, RegtaurutB, aid Oibs.— The St. Gharim Hotel, bounded by St. Charles, Gravier, and Common Hts., is one of the institutions of New Orleans, and one of the largest and finest hoteis in the United States (|5 a day). The St. Lonu is located in St. Louis St. between Iloynl and Cluirtres, in the French quarter. It once hold the same hij^h rank as the St. Charles, but since 1874 it bus been used as a State-House. The old dining-hall is one of the most beautiful in the country, and the great inner circle of the tiome is richly frescoed with allegorical scenes and busts of emi- nent Americans. Vac St. Jame» ($4 a day), in Magazine St., between Gravier and Natchez, is a large and comfortable house. The City Hotel ($4 a day), cor. Camp and Common Sts., is much frequented by merchants and planters. Ot restaurants New Orleans is said to have the best in America; in many of them is practised the famous creole cuisine of ante-war times. The most noted are Moreau's, in Canal St. ; Victor's, 38 and 40 Bourbon St. ; John's, 16 and i8 Bourbon St. ; ArJoine's, 65 St. Louis St. ; Deneehaud's, 8 Carondelet St. ; and MeCloskey''*, 70 and 72 St. Charles St. In the French (inarter cxffes are to be found in nearly every block. There are about 20 clubs in the city, p' -eminent among which are the Boston, Pickwick, Shakespeare, and Jockey Clubs. The Jockey Club htm a beautiful house and highly decorated and cultivated grounds near the fair-srroundH. The ShaJce- upeire Club gives occasional dramatic entertainments whicii are always largely and fashionably attende4>, ^ .^. w- -.-^^ - aa^^ai ^ i^^ [1 of New Orleans 676; and in 1870, 000.— In the value next to New York, unfreqnently from Aivee; and, except f ships and suiling- ' cotton-mart of the ur, pork, etc., to tlie gar, salt, iron, dry- nanufactures of the ded by St. Charles, leans, and one of the I St. Lonh is located er. It once held the led as a State-House, mtry, and the great es and busts of emi- >etween Gravier and ^4 a day), cor. Camp srs. America ; in many of IS. The most noted ; John's, 16 and i8 ^arondelet St. ; and ettf'es are to be found lich are the Boston, \nf. A beautiful house roundn. The Shake- e always largely and the Social Club are s to all parts of the NEW ORLEANS. 141 city and to the principal suburbs (fare from 6 to 7 cts.). Omnihvu» attend the arrival of trains and steamers, and convey passengers to the hotels, etc. (fare 60 cts.). Carriages can be found at the stands in front of the St. Charles and other leading hotels. Fare $2 an hour; $6 for the forenoon or afternoon. The best plan for strangers is to hire a suitable conveyance by the hour and discharge at the end of each trip. Ferries connect the city with Algiers, Macdonough, and Gretna, on the E. side of the river. Stncto aid Drives. — The streets of New Orleans, in width and goncrnl «p|)earnnoo, b.*e second to those of no city of its size. As far back as fX^-i'.- Claiborne St. those running parallel to the river and to £ eacii other present an unbroken line from the lower to the * ufiper limits of the city, a distance of about 12 u\. Tiiose at - right angles to them run from the Mississippi toward the lake with more regularity tlian might be expected from ^ the very sinuous course o^' the river. Many of the streets §^ are well paved and some arc shelled ; bnt many are unpaved "^4 and consequently scarcely uxable in wet weather, while in j_ dry weather they are intolerably dusty. Some of the finest "' streets of the city are in this condition. Canal 8t> is the main business thoroughfare and promenade, and contains many fine stores und private residences. It is nearly 200 ft. wide, and has a grass-plot 25 ft. wide and bordered with two rows of trees, extending in the centre through its whole length. Claiborne, Rain|>art, St. Charles, and Esplanade Sts., a^e similarly embellished. Royal, Hampart, and Es- plunade Sts., are the principal prome- nades of the French (|uarter. — The favor- ite drive is out the Shell Road to Lake Pontchartrain, past the celebrated Me- tairie race-track. It presents a highly- animated spectacle on Sunday after- noons. Pabiic nA Prmnl- MBt BidMiBgg.— New Orleans is not rich in architecture, but there are a few im- t;«nai Street. posing buildings. Chief among these is the CwttB-Hpwe, which, next to the Ca[>itol at Washiagton, is the largest building in the United States. This noble structure is built of Qnincy granite brought from the Massachusetts quarries. Its main front on Canal St. is 384 ft. ; that on Custom-IIouse St., 252 ft. ; on the new Levee, 310 ft, and on the old Levee, 297 ft. Its height is 82 ft. The Long Room, or chief business apartment, is 116 by 90 ft., and is lighted by 60 windows. The building was begun in 1848, and is not yet entirely finished. The Post-Offiee occupies the basement of the Custotn-House, and is one of the most elegant and commodious in the country. The U. S. Branch Mint stands at the cor. of Espla- nade and New Levoe Sts. It is built of brick, stuccoed in imitation of brown-stone, in the Ionic style, and, being 282 ft. long, 180 ft. deep, and three stories high, presents an imposing appearance. No coining has been done there since the war, but Con- gress has taken steps to recontmence operations. The window, under the front Eortico of the main building, from which Mninford was hung by order of Genernl lutlev, Ji:ne 7, 1862, is still pointed out. The Ctt; Hall, at the intersection of St. ■i»i i< i"<»B «i i i liWiMii i ]L;'a i M'ii il lti' > W..^^ 142 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. United Stated Mint. Oharles and Lafayette Sta., is the most artistic of the public . uildings of „hi city. It is of white marble, in the Ionic style, with a wide and high flight of granite steps leading to an ele- gant portico sup- ported by eight ool- unms. The State and City Libraries occupy suitable rooms in this build- ing. The Court' Hlastered to imitate a hantlsome marble eat resort, but since y has departed, and Dharles and Perdido Hali is a massive ig Lafayette Square. , and cost $210,000. Exposition Hall is I, in which are given Louis Hotels, which I already been men- md handsome Corin- Imtitute, in Dryades ) Pontalba Buildingt ' Jackson Square. w, cor. Bourbon and ;ion. It has seats for ris. The Academy of its., is the usual place les St., between Per- mpany. The Nation- ». ; and the Varietiet 'e or more of halls in ;ipal of these are the ously mentioned; St. OrMewald Hall, in 3-course and Oakland I is the old Cf theiral tf lie £. side of Jackson teeple and flanked by >nndation was laid in Unionaster, perpetual ), from designs by De NEW ORLEANS. 148 Lonilly. The paintings on the roof of the building are by Canova and Rossi. The Church of the Immaculate Conception (Jesuit), cor. Baronne and Common Sts., is a striking edifice in the Moorish style of architecture. High mass, both her" and at the Cathedral, at 10 o'clock every Sunday. St. Patricft (Roman Catholic) is a fine Gothic structure in Camp St., N. of I^fayette Square. Its tower, 190 ft. high, was modeled after that of the famous minster at York, England. The church of SL J*lu tbe Baptist, in Dryades St., between Clio and Calliope, which was opened in 1872, is a very elegant building. The most fashionable Episcopal churches are Trinity, cor. Jackson and Coliseum St»>., and St Pad's, cor. Camp and Gaiennie Sts. The latter is a handsome npecimen of the Gotiiic style, and has a rich interior. Annunciation Church, overlcoking Annunciation Square, is a tine edifice. The oldest of the Epis- copal organizations, dating back to 1806, is Chriet Church, cor. Canal and Rampart Sts. The first Prcsbytcriu, fronting on Lafayette Square, is a tine structure in the Greco-Doric style, much admired for its elegant steeple. The AfeOhee Church, in Carondelet St., near Lafayette, is the principal of the Methodist Episcopal churches South. The Unitarian Church, cor. St. Charles and Julia Sts., is a handsome build- ing. The Teaple 8lul (Jewish synagogue), in Carondelet St.. near Calliope, is one of the finest places of worship in the city. Party-colored bricks and pointing give its walls a light, airy appearance, and it has a handsome portico, flanked by two towers capped with tinted cupolas. The Gothic windows are filled with beautifully stained glass. St. Antoine^H Chapel, cor. Rampart and Conti Sts., is generally known as the " Mortuary Chapel," all tuneral ceremonies of resident Catholics being per- formed here. One of the most interesting relics of the early church history of New Orleans is the old Ursuline Convent, in Cond^ St. This quaint and venerable build- ing was erected in 1787, during the reign of Carlos III., by Don Andre Almonaster. It is now occupied by the bishop, and is known as the " Bishop's Palace." EdicfetlMUl and CkariUUe lutltatttM.— The IFalvcnity cf LwIsImu is in Common St., near Baronne, and occupies the entire front of the block. Only two depart- ments, law and medicine, have been organized, but these are of a very high order, and are largely attended. The Medical College, which stands in the centre of the block, has a facade of 100 ft. It contains a large anatomical museum, and extensive and valuable collections of many kinds. Straight Univertity is exclusively for col- ored students, and gives instruction of good grammar-school grade. There are 80 public schools, and numerous private ones, mostly Roman Catholic. The Charity HasplUI, in Common St., between St. Mary's and Gironde, is one of the noblest buildings in the city, and one of the roost famous institutions of the kind in the country. It was founded in 1784, has stood on its present site since 1832, and has accommodations for 600 patients. The H6tel Lieu, X m. farther back ftx)m the river, is a very fine hospital established by the Sisters of Charity, and supported entirely by receipts from patients, some of whom are, nevertheless, beneficiary. It occupies a full square, and is surrounded by a well-kept garden of shrubbery and fiowers. The Maieon de Sante, cor. Canal and Claiborne Sts., long one of the most noted infirmaries of New Orleans, is now deserted, and, like the U. S. Marine Hos- pital (cor. Common and Broad Sts.), which has not been used since 1860, is rapidly falling into decay. Other prominent charitable institutions are the Poydrat Female Orphan Asylum, in Magazine St., the St. Anna's Widows' Asylum, the St. Vincent Orphan Asylum, the Indigent Colored Orphan Asylum, and the German Protestant Asylum. The ruins of the Touro Almshouse, burned during the war by colored troops, who had used it for barracks, occupy a prominent locale on the Levee at the S. end of the city. FiMIc Spurts aid CcBeteries. — There are 10 public squares in the city, most of them inclosed with iron railings, but some barely more than in embryo. The largest of these i^nclosures is the City Park, near the N. E. boundary (reached by Canal St. and Ridge Road cars). It embraces 150 acres, tastefully laid out, but is little frequented. Jacbsra S^ure (formerly known as the Place d^Armes), covering the centre of the river-front of the old Town Plot, now First District, is the favorite reso) ,. It is adorned with beautiful trees and shrubbery, and shell-strewn paths, and in the centre stands Mills's equestrian statue of General Jackson. The imposing 144 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. f^\ fronts of tlie oatliedral and conrtM of justice itre seen to great advantage from the river-entrance to the square. Lqfayette Square, in tiie Second District, bounded by St. Oharles and Camp Sts., is another handsome inclosuro. The fine marble front of the City Ilall, tlie tapering spire of tiie Presbyterian Church, and the massive fa- cade of Odd-Fellovrs' Iiall, present a strilcing appearance. In the square is a fine white-marble statue of Franlclin, l>y Hiram Powers. In Canal St., between St. Charles and Royal, is a colossal bronze statue of Ileury Clay, by Hart. Dovghu Square is beautifully laid out and well kept. AnnuneUttiun Square and TivoH Circle, at the head of St. Charles St., are worth a visit. There are some handsome private residences in the neighborhood of the former. The Cemeteries of New Orleans are noteworthy for their unique arrangement ond peculiar modes of interment. From tlie nature of the soil, which is semi-flnid at a depth of 2 or 3 ft. below the surface, all the tombs are aboveground. Home of these are very costly and beautiful structures, of marble, iron, etc. ; but the great majority consist of cells, placed one above another, generally to the height of 7 or 8 ft. Each cell is only large enough to receive the coffin, and is hermetically bricked up at its narrow entrance as soon as the funeral rites are over. In most instances a marble tablet, appropriately inscribed, is placed over the brickwork by which the vault (or " oven," as it is called here) is closed. There are 88 cemeteries in and near the city ; of these the Cypress Grove and Greenwood, on the Metairie Ridge, at the N. end of Canal St., are best worth visiting. St. Louis Cemetery No. 1, at tlie cor. of Basin and St. Louis Sts., contains some fine monuments, of which the more notewortliy are the vaults of the '* Soci6t6 Fran^aise de Bienfaisance," " Orleans Battalion of Artillery," and " Italian Benevolent Society." The last is of white marble, and is (me of the mrst beautiful structures of its kind in the country. The Markets aad the Lcvcc. — Tlie great " sight " of New Orleans, and perhaps the most picturesque to be seen in America, is the French Market, which comprises several buildings on the Levee, near Jackson S(]uare. The best time to visit it is between 8 and 9 o'clock on Sunday morning, or at tt a. m. on other days. At break of day the gathering commences, and it would seem as if all nations and tongues were represented in the motley crowd which surges ip and out until near 10 o'clock. The noise, far from being unpleasant, however, is musical to the stranger's ears; and nowhere else will he find such an infinite variety of articles exposed for sale. Fruits are especially abundant and varfons, embracing all the products of both temperate and tropical regions, and the flowers are wonderful to behold. French is the prevailing language, and it will be heard in every variety, from the silvery elegance of the polished Creole to the childish jargon of the negroes. The Letee afibrds the visitor one of the most striking and characteristic sights of tjhe Crescent City. For extent and activity it has no equal on the continent. The best points from which to obtain a view of the city and its environs are the roof of the St. Charles Hotel and the tower of St. Potrick's Church. Sakirbs. — The Battle-Jield, the scene of General Jackson's great victory over the British, Jan. 8, 1815, is the most interesting spot in the vicinity of New Orleans. It lies 4t^ m. S. of Canal St., and may be reached either by carriage along the Levee or by horse-cars. It is washed by the waters of the Mississippi, and surrounded by c>'pre8s-swamps and canebrakes. A marble monument, 70 ft. high and yet unfin- ished, occupies a suitable site overlooking the ground, and serves to commemorate the victory. A National Cemetery occupies the 8. W. corner of the field. Between the Battle-field and the city the Ursuline Convent, an imposing building, 200 ft. long, overlooks the river. A nunnery and chapel are attached to the convent. Lake Pontehartrain, 5 m. N. of the oity, is famous for its fish and game. It is 40 m. long and 24 m. wide, and from 16 to 20 ft. deep. It is reached by the Lake Railway every hour, or by drive on the Shell Road. The swamps which lie be- tween the city and the lake are covered with a thick growth of cypress and other trees peculiar to this locality. Carrollton, in the northern suburbs, has many fine public gardens and private residences. Algiers, opposite New Orleans, has exten- sive dry-docks and ship-yards. Communication by ferry. Gretna, on the same side, is a pretty rural spot, abounding in pleasant, shady walks. ""' ij . i .ini»- »i i i«[ i |1i i n>ft i j>u'^ i n i lw l
  • er, furniture, wool- ens, cordage, and flour. IMctei The St. Laurerue Hall, a spacious and handsome liouse in Great St. James St.; the Ottmea Houte, cor. St. James and Notre-Dame Sts. ; tl-.e Donnegana HoHM, in Notre-Dame St. ; the Montreal ffovte, on C'ustom-Jlouse Square, opposite the Custom-TIoufc? and the Albion Ifotel, in McGill St jjesides these there are numerous eq/'i* and lodging-liouses on a sniJJer Male. MMics mt iMveyaarfi — H(yr»c-car» traverse the city in all directions, and afford an easy access to any desired point. Carriage wiiit at tlie depot and steamboat-land- ings, and at various stands in the city. Their ohp.ges are : One-horse carriage for 1 or 2 persons, 25c. a course within the city limits, or 50c. an hour; for 8 or 4 per- sons, 40c. u course. 7-ic. an hour. Two-horso carriage, for 1 or 2 persons, 40o. a course, 76c. tm hour: for !J or 4 persons, 50o. a course, $1 an hour. PiMIe »ai Proviini-at BalldlagSi — The most imposing public building in the city is the Bouetants Msik^t, a fine stoue cdiflco in the Doric style, fronting on the river at the cor. of St. I'm;! and Water Sts. It is three stories high, and is surmounted by a d /mc, the view from which is extremely fine. In one of the upper stories are tlie city council-chamber and the offices of the Corporation, and a concert or ball room capable of accommodating 4,000 people. The Cuttam-Houne, on the site of an old market-place betv.e8n St. Paul 8t. and the river, is a spacious and massive structure, witii a fine tower. The Po»t-Oriiee is a beautiful cut-stone ediflc in Great St. James St., near the Place d'Armes. The €Mrt>ll«ve, in Notre-Dame St., is a large and elegant building in the Ionic style, 800 by 126 ft., and erected at a cost of $300,000. It contains a law library of 6,000 volumes. Back of it is the Champ de Mam, a fine military parade-groiind. T\\q' Merehantti' Erchangt is a handsome structure, in the modem Italian style, in St. Sacrament St. It contains a large and comfortable read- ing-room, well supplied with English and American newspapers and periodicals, all at the service of the stranger when properly introduced. The handsome buildings of the Bomh of Montreal and the City Bank stand side by side on the Place d'Armes. The first is a fine example of the Corinthian st,yle. Fronting on the same s(]uare are the Masonic Hall., the home of the Grand Lodge of Masons of Canada, and the ele- gant Ontario Bank. Fronting on Victoria Square, at the intersection of St. James and McGill Sts., is the fine building of the Young Men's Christian Association. The Oryttal Palace is a largo building of small architectural ))retension8, in St. Cath- erine St. near Univernty, in which are exhibited the industrial products of the dif- ferent provinces. Mechanieo'' Institute, in Great St. James St., is an elegant struct- ure in the Italian st.ile, with Vj. elaborate', -decorated lecture-room. Chuchcs. — No American city equals Montreal in the size and magnificence of its churoh-odifices. The Roman Catholic catliedrrd of N^tre-Dfre, fronting on the Place d'Armes, is tlie largct on the conf lent, being 241 fi. 1'' s and 135 ft. wide, and capable of seating i'rom 10,000 to 12,0,0 persons. It i'- ■* stone \.\ the Gothic 4yle, and has six tcwors, one at each corner fid one in iue middle of each flank. The . wo on the main front are 213 ft. Iiigh, and in one of them is a fine chime of b<)lls, the largest of which (the " Gros Bourdon ") weighs 29,4C0 pounds. The. view from the to'^er, which is gene'ally open to visitors, is very estensivo. Even this huge structure will be surpass vl in size by the new cathedral (Roman Catholic) now in course of erection at the cor. of Dorchester and C'^me* iry Sts., after the plan of St. Piter's, at Rome. Chriit fLxn^ Cathedral (Episcooal), in St. Catherine St. is the d by the AniericiitiH lom until the follow- itantH. In 1861 the The commerce of Ivantageous ponition lie foot of the great 'anal to the western of the Do'jilnion of it8 exports at f 19,- >rinci| al being axes per, furniture, wool- liouse in Great St. its. ; the Donnegana use Square, opftosite idet) tltene there are ctioTiB, and afford an and Hteamboat-land- ne-horse carriage for liour ; for 8 or 4 per- or 2 persons, 40c, a our. )uilding in the city is nting on the river at d is Hurinounted by a upper stories are tlie concert or ball room on the site of an old ind massive structure, )of in Great St. James le St., is a large and at a cost of $300,000. Ohamp de Mars, a fine some structure, in the and comfortable read- ers and periodicals, all le handsome buildmgs on the Place d'Armes. m the same square are f Canada, and the ele- srsection of St. James ian Associotion. The etcnsions, in St. Cath- >1 products of the dif- ;., IS an elegant struct- room. lid magnificence of its , fronting on the Place and 135 ft. wide, aud le i-v the Gothic .n some of which excellent pictures may be seen. Resides Cii/ist Church C^athedral, the principal Episcopal cnnrchus are Trinity, a fine stone eJifice in the early £ng- tisb-Gothic style, in St. Paul St. ; iSt. Oeorge'», in St. Joseph Ht. ; .SY. Thonnu'*, in St. Mary's St. ; and St. Stej>hen''», in tiriftintowii. St> AiMlrcw^s Chirrh (Presbyterian), in Rndegonde St., is a beautiful sipecimen of Gothic architecture, being a close imita- tion of Salisbury Cathedral, though of course on a greatly reduced s<'ale. Near by- is the Chvreh of the IleMiah (Unitarian), u lofty and spacious building. Zion Chvnm (Independent), in Radegonde St.. near Victoria Square, was the scene of the sad riot and loss of life on the occasion of Gavazzj's lecture in 18fi2. The We*Uyan Method- ist, in Dorchester St., is a graceful building in the Englifh-Gothic style; and the same denomination have a large and handsome buildi.ig in St. James St., and others in Griflintown. EdmatiMMl aatf Charitable lulitotteis, Nue city on the island with the mainland to the S. Its length is 9,194 ft., or nearly 2 ni. It rests, in this splendid transit, upon 28 piers and 2 abutments of solid masonry, tho central span being 880 It. long. The massive iron tube through which the railway-track is laid is 22 ft. high and 16 ft. vide. The total cost of the bindge was |6,800,000. It was formally opened with great pomp and ceremony by the Prince of Wales, during his visit to America in the sum- mer of 1860. Tho view of Montreal from the bridge should not be missen Monument near l>v, aro obJevU of intoroit, thuugli tlie iiionuiiivnt is in ii riithur dllHiiidiitod condition. The Mount Royal ('emetery is 2 in. from tiie city, on tlie N. (tlope of tiie mountain. From the hish- road round itH b,ii««, a liro^d avenuu gradually am'ondH to this pieanant spot. The best viuwH of Montreal an«l \tn neighborhood aru obtained by talcing the famons drive " Around the Mountain," m. long. No visitor to Montreal Hhould fail to see tlio LachlM Ba|ri4iw They may l>e reachetl' by carriage, but the most advantageous way of 8uein){ them Ih to take tlie 7 a. m. train (from Honaventure station) to I^- ohinu, gut on the steuiner there, and return through the Rapids to Montreal, arriv- ing at U A. M. The " iue-sliove," a most imposing speutaole, may be witnessed by those travel- ers who arrive at Montreal toward the beginning of April. This strange phenome- non results from the crowding of the ioe about a mile below the city, where the ohannel of the river is comparatively narrow ; there it is jtarked, piled, and froien into a solid mass of twenty to thirty feet in thickness, which, when lifted by the rising waters above, and set in motion again by the whole hydraulic power of the gigantic stream, rushes onward until again impeded by the banks of the narrowing river. The lateral pressure it there exerts forces the hordage up on the land, where it not unfre({uently accumulates to the height of BO ^^aX. %iA s QUBBBO. (Qaebec In raiched fVoin Montrenl via Oranrt Trunk Railway. DlBtance. 1T8 in. ; time, 8 bra. Also iHki ■tesmeron the 8t. L«wrencn Klvor. UUtanofl, WU m. Piire, flmt cIsks, inclndiog «l>le fn saminer, s« It en- t city in Britisb North ice River, at its confln- Lawrence. The oitT nd which forms the 1. d, so called from the part of the headland, nations of the Citadel, )le that they have ob- ica." From the Olta- g the valley of the St. iiontory till it connects This circuit is nearly The walls and ram- cannon, Are no longer wer Town, the ascent fountain St.) througli T 'tb the two subarbs ns of Abraham. The [d constitutes the busi- I, or the Upper Town religious corporations, itel Dieu, and the an- cks after 1812. Over ire crowded the quaint or three stories high, ) suburbs of St. Louis «u, and are constantly in many beautiful pri- 8 and churches. The ere, around the vener ilain Market, are the QUIBEC. 140 priuoiiial wharves, and steamlxmt and ferrj landings. It Is the busiest and most crowaed mart of the city, and a oonglomerntion of irregular streets. Clustered iiround the bami of the clitt', beneath the gtms of the grand liattery 2<>0 t^. above, ore '"L? ..^ H^^EH^&^i i4t4m^ i§ _^.4 ■■■>tf'.- ^ w^ ^s *-^"^ F j^Wt^~ ^^' ^'^ , " -■ --. *::^3sS,«^ : '^^imt^ ■■■- 4* «< ' ,«ufc:* •1 . t^ , ' 1 v.-iilM" m^ "J h: ~y :" - • i 'J.-"" ' '^' "* '' ' -"^ "^ '!' ^^^& ' ^ ^ '^' 1*^815"^ ■ - i* ^•«* 'JMiikmm''M (Quebec. the great commercial establishments, the banking-houses, wholesale stores, and bonded warehouses. Ht, Paul St. stretches westward on the narrow strand between the oliif ar I the bay, amid breweries, distilleries, and niaimfactories, till it meets, near the mouth of the Ht. Charles, St. Jimeph St., the main artery of the large suburb of St. Koche. St. Roche and Koisseauvillo are the iiomes of the laboring classes. On the banks of the Charles River are the princinnl ship-yards; and the uumeroMs coves of the St. Lawrence are filled with acres of vast lumber-rafts. On the oppo- site shore of the St. Lawrence are the populous towns of South Quebec, Now Liver- pool, and Point Levi, which pre.^ent a scene of activity scarcely surpassed by the city itself. The site of Quebec was visited by Cartier in 1684, and the city wiis founded by Ohamplain in IHOR. It was taken by the English in 1629, and restored to France by the treaty of 1682. In 1600 the neighboring English colonies made an unsuc- cessful maritime ex])odition against it ; and in 171 1 the attempt was renewed, with no better success. In 1734 the city had, including its suburbs, 4,608 inhabitants. In 1769, during the Seven Years' War, the English, under General Wolfe, attacked the city and bombarded it. On Sept. 18th took place the first battle of the Plains of Abraham, in which ^oth Wolfe and Montcalm, the French commander, fell, and England gained at one Mow an American empire. The French, indeed, recaptured the city tne next spring, but at the treaty of peace in 1768 Louis XV. ceded the wiiole of New France to the English. In December, 1776, a small American force, under Oeneral Montgomery, attempted its capture, but failed, after losing 700 men and their commander. The population of the city at that time was only 6,000. In 1861 it was 69,990, and in 1871 69,699, the decrease being attributed to the with- drawal of the British troops forming the garrison. Quebec has a large maritime com- merce, and is one of the greatest lumber and timber markets on the American Oonti- nent. The principal articles of manufacture are ships, saw-mill products, boots and shoes, bakery products, furniture, and foundery products and machinery. Httdsi The a.S'^ /^um Hotel ($8 to |4 day), in St. Louis St. near Durham Ter- race ; the Suuell House, cor. Ann and Garden Sts. ; the Stadaeona House, in Palace St. ; and the Blanchard Hotel, in the Lower Town. The two latter are inexpen- sive, and frequented by business-men, etc. 11 u,,^.. n i> H[h>' ii il i MW i>i — //one- cart trBvemv tlio Ntii'ctM iilonir tlit< rlvtr in tli«t Lower Town mill fxtcnd tntlio Miiburbx. CarrinHM or fnUrhmumyhv liri'd at tliu llvery- ■tabii'N. 'I'lii- riiUr/ie, H two-wlie<*lo iiniiuI veliicli*, •ml OMtii aliiiut 7A<'. nil hour, h'trrien connect tho cit^ with Hontli Ijiieher, Now Llvvr- pool, hikI roint l.uvi, on the o|i|(oiiito mIUo of tho Hi. Lawrence, nnublic bntiillniri* in the Lowitr Town arc tlic CiiNtoni-HonNo, tin- MerohantH* Kxcbanire, anti Cliaiiiplain Market. Tho faitl««>nMMr U reacluxl \)y St. I'vtcr ^t., and (hi iiiiicN tliu very nriex of the Eoint inaile liy the coiitliience oi' the Mt. Lawrence and the St. I'liaileH Kivers. It I an ini|H>Hiii(( |>«irie etlittce, with a dome, and a tavade of noble I'oliinina, ap- proaclied liy a Ioiik Hi|{lit of HtepM. Chomiilain Market ia a apacioun and liandNonie ■tone huildinif on tlie river-bank, near Clianinlain St. Tlie other principal buildingH are in tlie I'pper Town. The l'o»t-(}{Hr» ih in St. Anne St., and near by la the Buhop'ii I'ntticf, a atately and elef(ant atruetuie. The Parllaant-HaaM ia a large but nn|iretentiouH ImildinK, to the r. from Moiiiitaiu St., jiiat inMide the rainparta of the UiiporTown. It oocupioH the aite of ChaniplainV fort and the old Kpiiu'opal palace. Tlie (hurt- Home ia a nniaaive ediflce of Htune, fronting on Ht. I.onia St. near the I'roteatant Cathedral. A abort tliatani'u beyond, on the aanie afreet, is the MamnUf Hall, oppiHiito wliieh ia the larito antl impoNing St. Louis Hotrl. In tlie centre of the Upiter Town Market N^aarr ia Hiirrotm«ied by more or leaa atrikinff biiildinKa. On the K. side uro the Catliedrai and the extenaive buildinga of the Heininary of (Quebec, which will be , and othera. In tliia cathedral lie the roinnina ot^Cliamplain, the founder and tirat governor of the city. The church of Notre-Dame dee Vicfoiree (Roman Catholic), in the Lower Town, ia noticeable for its antiquity ; it was built and uaed aa a church before 1690. The Aagllran (athrdral, u plain, gray-atone edifice, surmounted by a tall 'M>ire, atanda in the centre of a large ai^uare in Ht. Anne St. near Durhaiii Terrace. Tradition pointa to ita aite aa the apot where Oham- f>lain erected his flrat tent. A(^oining tlie Cathedral ia the rectory and the pretty Ittle Chapel of All Sainte. The WeeUyan tVmrch, in St. Stanialaus St., is a fine apeoimen of the flamboyant Gothic atyle. St, Andrew^e fPreabyterian) ia a spacions atone structure in the (iothic atylc, situated in St. Anne St. Near by are a manse and school belonging to the aame congregation. The Chapel ef the Gray NiM, on the Glacis, W. of the ramparts and a'hoining the Nunnery, ia a lofty and elegant Gothic ediflcc, with a rich interior. St. John's (Roman Catholic), in St. John St. near St. (-laire, ia one of the largest .hurches in the city. St. PatrieVe (Roman Catholic), in St. U^ldne St., haa a neat Ionic interior ; and St, Savveur and St. Roche are noteworthy ohnrches in the suburbs. The Methodist Centenary Chapel is in the St. Louis suburb. HacatlMul ai4 Charitable lastltitlMs, tU, — The most important educational insti- tution is the "Seminary of Quebec," with ita otiahoot, the Laval I'ahenlty. This aeminary waa founded in 1668, an, afiil [(^lichee, Nt'W Llver- Hiiil run three tinu>« iltliiiffit in the Low«f xoAlogy contains uiiward of l,)«H) ditt'crcnt birds and 7,*K>(> insectn; uiul t!ie niu- Meuni ot the medical ile|>artiiient is eHpeciully coinplete. The lilirary contains upward of A.'t.oiN) voliitiies, )»esides the libraries bcb>iiging to the theological iitid prepariitory ilcpartiiients, aiiiounling to about ^••,ublic, contains loO originals, duplicates, and copies, some iif them very valuable. Morrin College iH-ciipies the ohi stone prison, in the centre of the Tpper Town. In one of the lislls is the exteiiNixc library of the (/iifhee lli»lorii' patients yearly. The I'mllw ('MTrit, in (iarden Ht., S. of .Market Square, is a striking series of buihliiiKx surriiunded by extensive an nuns who are devoted to toaching girix, anry Is in the suburbs of Ht. Kola>iade, near the St. Louis (iatc, is another at- tractive promenade ; and the M'alk along the Ramparts, between the St. Louis (iate and St. John's (iate, affords prospects rivaled by few in Ameri<-a. The view from the Oniad Battery, near the Laval rniversity, Is considered by many to be finer even than that from Durhiim Terrace; and that from the vast balcony of the University building is nearly as iinprossi ve. The Plare iVArmea, or Parade-tiroimd, is a pleiues Carrieres St., running S. from this, leads to the (j'oternof'n (,'tir- den, in rear of the Citadel, containing an obelisk (Mi ft. high) to the nemory of Wolfe and Montcalm. The Plaint of Abraham are reached via the St. Louis (iate ; on the spot where Wolfe fell in the memorable battle of September 18, 1789, stands WsU^'s MMMHMt, a modest ooliiuin approjtriately inscribed. A short distance to the I. is the path by which his army scaled the cliffs on the night before the battle ; it is somewhat shorn of its rugged character, but is still precipitous and forbidding. On the Plains, near the St. Foy road, stands the Monument commemorating the victory won by tbe Chevalier de L6vis over General Murray in 1760. It is a handsome iron column, surmounted by a bronze statue of Bellona (presented by Prince Napoleon), and was erected in 18r)4. About 8 m. out on tbe St. LoiiiH road is Msnt HiwiiB CMWttry, 82 acres in extent, beautifully laid out on irregtdar ground, sloping down the precipices which overhang the St. Lawrence. All along the St. Louis and Ht. Foj roads are elegant private residences, surrounded by gardens. The suburbs of Quebec present many points of interest which the tourist should not fail to visit. 1'he I»l« qf Orleann (reached by ferry-boat) is a beautiful spot, iind .<**■ f^- 152 ilAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. tlie drive iiroimd it offers a succession of noble views. There are also pleasant drives to Spencer Wood, the Govemor-Genernl's residence in the days before Quebec was decapitalizi. 1, and to Chdteav-Bifjot, an anticiuo and massive rnin, standing in solitary loneliness at the foot of the Ciiarlfsboiirg Mountain. Loj-ette, an ancient village of tbe il iron Indians, is reached by a ni. drive along tbe banks of St. Charles River. The falls near the village are very i)icture8<]ue, and Lake St. Charles, a famous fish- ir'g-placo, is only a fev.' miles oft". The Falls of HontBoitiiicI, 8 m. below Quebec, are 250 ft. high and 50 ft. wide, and are wonderfully beantiful. A short distance above the Falls is the •' Man- sion House," in which the Duke of Kent ])as3ed the summer of 1791 ; and about 1 m. above are the curious Nat- ural StejNi, a succession of ledges cut by the river in the limestone rock, each about 1 ft. high, and as regularly arranged as if they were the work of human hands. I'lie Falls of the Chu- iHn (18 m.) are reached via Point Levi on the opposite sicie of the St Lawrence. The rapid river plunges in a sheet 350 ft. wide over a i)reci- ™ ,, , „ .^ ^ pice 150 ft. high, presenting very much Wolfe'. Monnment, Quebec. ^^^^ j^^^ ^f ^^^-^^^ water, whence its name rhaudiere, or caldron. The Falb of St. Anne, in the river St. Anne, 24 m. below Quebec, are extremely beautiful, and are in the neighborhood of picturesque scenery (tri-wcekly steamers from Quebec). ->p^"f>^^ m:. a OTTAWA, (Reached from Montreal via Rtcamer np tlie Ottawa Rivir [101 m.l ; or via 9rand Trunk R. R. to Pnea- cott, and thence Dta 8t Lawrence * Ottawa R. R. (170 ni.]. From New York Ha New Vuik Oeu- trp.' 'o Rome, Mence to Ogdensbu/g, and thence Ha ftt. Lawrahcc & Ottewa R. R. [447 m.]. From BoBtOr- ia Vermont Central and NI:them R.R. to OgdenBbii'g, thence ac before [448 m.lo H«tels i The Rumell House ($2.50 to i| i a day), near the Parliament Buildings ; DanieV» Hotel (|2 a day), in the Ujiper Town ; the Albion Hotel, on CourtHo'ise Square. ^TTAWA, the capital of the Domii.ion of Canada, is situated on the 8. bank of the OttawH Kiver, nt the mouth of the Ridean. It is divided into an Jpper and Lower Tovm by the Rideau Canal, which passes thr.^ugh it and connects it with Kingston, on Lake Ontario. The canal is crossed wituin the city limits by two bridges, one of stone and one ol stone and iron, and has eight massive locks. Bridge; also connect Ottawa with the suburban towns of Hull and New Edinburgh, on the opposite side of the Ottawa River. The streets are wide and regular, the principal ones being Sparks and Sussex. The former is the popular promenade, and contains die leading retail-shops, etc. Horse-oars traverse the main tboroughfaref , anA connect the ciiy with towns across the river (fare, 6c.). Ottawa was origi- ginally called Bytown, in honor of Colonel By, of the Royal Engineers, by whom it W)>. ^aid out in 1 827. It was incorporated as a city under its present name in 1854, and was selected by Queen Victoria as the seat of the C'anadian Government in 1858. It has grov -i rapidly since the latter date, and now has a population of about 23,000. The city is the entrepot of the lumber-trade of the Ottawa and its ii ibu- taries, and has a numl 3r of large saw-mills, several flour-mills, and manufactorie'i of iron-casfings, mill mac^'.inery, agricultural implements, etc. ere are also jilensant e days befort* Quebec inssive ruin, standing ess at tl»e foot of the untain. Lorette, an f tbe il iron Indians, ni. drive along the rles River. The falls are very picturescjue, nrlet", a famous fish- a few miles oft". The ci, 8 m. below Quebec, and 50 ft. wide, and beantiful. A short he Fails is the " Man- which the Duke of suninior of 1791 ; and e are the curious Nat- ccession of ledges cut 1 the liniestoGO rook, high, and as regularly hey were the work of The Falls of the Chaa- re reached ria Point poaite siiie of the St e rapid river plunges ft. wide over a j)reci- , presenting very much ling water, whence its river St. Anne, 24 m. borliood of picturesque Qrand Trunk R. U. to P»«b- j(w York i4a Nf w Voik Oeu- >tti!W8 R. B. [447 m.]. From :e af> before [443 m.]) Parliament Buildings ; Hotel, on Court Ho'ise uatod on the S. bank of divided into an Upper it and connects it with the city limits by fwo 18 eight massive locks. II and New Edinburgh, > wide and regular, the iopular promenade, and lie main tboroughfarer , .). Ottawa was origi- Enginecrs, by whom it i present name in 1864, madian Government in IS a population of about I Ottawa and its iiibu- lills, and manufactorie'i ;o. OTTAWA. 153 Ottawa is substantially built, containing many stone edifices, but the Gtmaacat talMl^fit. are the chief feature of the city. They form three sides of a vast quad- rangle on an eminence known as Barrack Hill, 150 ft. above the river, and cost nearly $4,000,000 The 8. side of the quadrangle is formed by the Parliament- House, which is 472 ft. long and 572 ft. deep from the front of the main tower to Parliament'IIouiie, Ottawa. the rear of thp library, the body of the building being 40 ft. high and the central towei" 180 f*^. The Departmental Buildings run N. from this, forming the E. and W. sides of the quadrangle ; the Eastern block is 318 ft. long by 25.3 tt. deep, and the Western 211 tY. long by 277 deep. They contain the various Government bureaus, the Pout-Office and the Model-Room of the Patent- Offiee, being in the west block. The buildings are constructed in the Italian-Gothic style, of crenm-colored sand- stone. Tlie archta of the doors and windows are of red Potsdam sandstone, the external ornamental work of Ohio sandstone, and the colunms and arches of the legislative chambers of marble. The roofs are covered with green and purple slates, and the pinnacles are ornamented with iron (lainted in brilliant colors. The legislative chambers are capacious and richly furnished, and have stained-glass win- dows. The Senate-Hall is reached to the r. from the main entrance (which is un- der the central tower). The viceregal canopy and throne are at one end of this hall, and at the other are a marble statue and a ])ortrait of Queen Victoria, togeth- er with full-length portraits of George III. and Queen Charlotte by Sir Joshna Reynolds. The Chamber of Commons is reached to the 1. from the entrance, and contains some bcautirk.! marble columns and arches. The Library is a handsome polygonal structure on the N. front of the Parliament-House, containing at present about 40,000 volumes. The quadrangle is neatly laid out and planted with trees, and has a massive stone wall along its front. EMmi Hall, the offi'^ial residence of the Governor-General, is in New Edinburgh, across the Ottawa River. After the Government Buildings, the most important edifice in the city is the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Kotre-Daae, wliidi is one of the handsomest churches in Canada. It is a spacious stone structure, with double spires 200 ft. high. The in- terior is imposing, and contains a painting ("The Flight into Egypt ") which is at- tributed to Murillo. Other handsome church edifices are St. Andrew^H (Presbyte- rian), and St. PatricVi (Roman Catholic). The Ottawa Unitertity (Roman Catho- 154 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. He) has H large Itnilding in Wilhrod St., and the Ladietf College (Protectant), a very hanJ.4oine one, in All>ert St. Tiie Gray KiDBery in an impoHinf ."^tone structure at tlie corner of Bolton and Snssex Sts. The Blatl! Nunnery has se erol bnildipgs just E. of Oartier Square. There are in the city two convents, two hospitals, three orphan asylums, and n Magdalen asylum. The eight massive Canal Loch, within the cor- poration limkb, are worth u visit. The scenery in the vicinity of Ottawa is i>ictures(jue and grand. At the W. ex- tremity are the ihaidlere Falls, named after those near Quebec. They are 4U ft. high and over 200 ft. wide; they are situated near the centre of the river, and the waters that flow over them are strongly comjiressed by the rocks that stretch out and im- pede them. In the great ChandUre (or caldron) the sounding-line has Hot found bottom at 300 ft. Immediately below the falls is a suspension-bridge, from which a superb view is obtained. One mile above the city are the Little Chandiire Falh, 13 ft. high, and 2 m. above are the rapids known as St. Jlemoux. The Be Cheine Itapkh. 8 m. above Ottawa, have a fall of 9 ft. The Rldfaa fUls, two in number, are in the N. E. portion of the city on the Kidean River, and are very attractive, ti. >ngh eclipsed by the grandeur of the Chaudiere. It being impossible safely to run lumber over the falls, '■ shoots " or inclined pianos have been constructed, down which the rafts rush with amazing rapidity. TORONTO. (Toronto i<> retched from Montreal by Btoamer on theSt. Lawrence Rivor and Lake Ontario Tthis U an ec^oyable t "Ip In SDmrner] ; ilso »<« Grand Trunk B. R. [883 m.l. From New York via Albany and Buffalo or Maeara Falls to LewUton, and thence via bteamer on Lake Ontario ; or via New York Central and Oreat Western R. R. to llntnllton. and ihence iHa Grand Trunk R. R. From Boston via any of the routes to Montreal [»ee " Montreal "), and thence as above. i< rom the West via De- troit.) Hotplgi The lioKxin Hoiine (|2 to %^ a day), cor. King and York Sts. ; Qveen'x Hotel ($3 a day), in Front St. ; Revere ffoiue (|1.50 a day), in King St. ; and Anieri- ean Hou*e. in Yonge St. TORONTO, the capital of the Province of Ontario, and, next to Montreal, the largest and most populous citv in Canada, is situated on n beautiful circular bay on the N. W. shore of Lake Ontario," in lat. 43° 39' N.. and Ion. 79° 21' W. llie bay is entered by a narrow opening, and is separated from the lake by a low penin- sula (known as Gibraltar Point) 6 m. long, and inclosing a beautiful basin, which affords a safe and spacious harbor. The site of the city is low, but rises gently from the water's edge. The streets arc regular and in general well paved, crossing each other at right angles. King and Tirnge Sta. are the leading thoroughfares, and con- tain the principal retail shops, etc. The latter extends through a flourishing agri- cultural distri(;t to Lake Simcoe, 36 m. distant. Otiier important streets in the business quarter are Front, Queen, York, liichmond, and Bay. Many of the houses and business structures are built of liglit-colored brick, of a soft, pleasing tint. The growth of Toronto has been more rapid than that of any other Canadian city. It was founded in 1794 by Governor Simcoe, who gave it the name of York, changed, when it was incorporated as a city, in 1834, to Toronto — meaning in the Indian tongue, " The place of meeting." In 1813 it was twice captured by the Americans, who destroyed the fortifications and burnt the public buildings. In 1817, the popu- lation was ojily 1,200; in 1852, it was 80,768; in 1801, 44,821 ; and is now upward of 00,000. The commerce of the city is very extensive, the exports in 1871 amount- ing to $2,118,978, and the imports to $10,854,265. Its manufactures inclndti iron and other founderies, flour-mills, distilleries, breweries, paper, furniture, etc. The finest buildings in the city and among the finest of the kind in America are those of the UnlMrsl*- of Tonmtw, standing in a large park, and approached by College Ave., which is ^ m '< ing and lined with double rows of noble trees. The buildings form three sides of a large quadrangle. They are of gray rubble stonp, trimmed with Ohio and Caen stone, and are admirable specimens of the pure Norman archi- tecture. In the centre of the S. facade is a massive tower 120 ft. high, through which is the main entrance. The University was founded in 1827, has a liberal ie (Protentant), a very .'tone stnictiire at tlie ei-al bnildipga just E. oa|>itnl8, three orphan Loclai, witliin tlie cor- rand. At the W. ex- Tliey are 40 ft. high river, and the watern nt Htretch out and ini- ing-line lias (iot found bridge, from which a ittU OhttHdUre Falh, wux. Tlie Be Cheine FrUld, two in uumber, id are very attractive, ig inipotisible safely to een constructed, down nd Lake Ontario [thiti \t an New York via AlbanT and Ontario ; or via New Tfork rriink B. R. From Boston e rom the Wei>t vin De- d York ats. ; Qneen'x King St. ; and Atmri- lext to Montreal, the >ii ft beautiful circular d Ion. 7»° 21' W. The 3 lake by a low penin- beautiful basin, which , but rises gently from 1 paved, crossing each loroughfares, and con- Jgh a flourishing agri- portant streets in the Many of the houses ft, pleasing tint. The ler Canadian city. It me of York, changed, neaning in the Indian ed by the Americans, I. In 1817, thepopn- ; and is now upward ports in 1871 amount- ifactures inclnd« iron furniture, etc. kind in America are pproached by Gollege trees. The buildings ubble stone, trimrae<1 pure Norman arohi- 20 ft. high, through 1 1827, has a liberal TORONTO. endowment ; and possesses a library of 20,000 volumes, a fine Museum of Natural History, and a completely-equipped laboratory. It has 14 instructors and 82 schol- Unlvitrslty of Toronto. arsliips. Knox College, a Presbyterian institution, is a short distance N. of the Dniversity. Adjoining the University grounds on the £. is the Qacci's Park, com- prising about 60 acres skillfully laid out and pleasantly shaded. In the Park is a fine bronze statue of Queen Victoria, and a monument (consisting of a brown-stone shaft surmounted by a colossal marble statue of Britannia) to the memory of the Canadians who fell in repelling the Fenian invasion of 1866. The Potit-Offiee, an elegant stone building in the Ionic style, stands at the head of Toronto 8t. The City Hall, in Front St. near the lake-shore, is an unpretentious structure in the Italian style, standing in the midst of an open square. Near by is the spacious Laurenee Mu'rhet. The Gu»tom-Hotue is a large building in P'ront St. near the har- bor ; and the Coiirt-Hoiue is in Church St. OsgMdt Hall, in Queen St., is an impos- ing building of the Grecian-Ionic order, containing the Provincial law courts and an excellent law library. The St, Latorenee Hall, in King St., is a stately stone struct- ure in the Italian style, surmounted by a dome, and containing a public hall, tews- room, etc. The Masonic Hall, an ornate stone building, is in Toronto St. near the Post-OflSce. The Merehnntt' Exchange, in Wellington St. near Church, is a new and elegant building in the Italiah style, and is an interesting place to visit during busi- ness hours. The Cathedral vf St. Jaacs (Episcopal), cor. King and Church Sts., is a spacious stone edifice in the Gothic style of the thirteenth century, with an unfinished tower, a clerestory, chancel, and elaborate open roof, of the perpendicular style. It is 200 by 116 ft., and is surrounded by shady gronr^ds. The Cathedral i)f St. Michael (Roman Catholic), in Church St. near Queen, is a lofty and spacious edifice in the decorated Gothic style, with stained-glass windows and a spire 260 ft. high. The WcstojM MethMUat Ckvch, on MoGill Square, is '.bb linest church of the denomination m Cana- da. It has a massive tower surmounted by graceful pinnacles, and a rich and taste- ful interior. Trinity and St. Qeorg^n (both Epibcopal) are neat examples of the per- pendicular Gothic style. Kncai't Church (Presbyteriau), in Queen St. near Yonge, is in th» decorated Gothic style, with a fine tapered spire, enriched at the base with clusters of pinnacles, and pierced with traoeried spire-lights. wy-fe««»«a i^SfA,Hristei'S^JIS^'SJ;!ii33|£Slli; ' 106 HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN CITIES. In Oliuroh St., near tlie Cathedral of St. James, is the oommodions building of the College of Teehmthgy, which besides the College contains the library (7,000 volumes) imd reading-room of the Mechanics' Institute. The Normal School, the Model Sehoolg, and the Edumtumal Muteu'm, are plain buildings in the Italian style, grouped so as to produce a picturesque effect, standing amid park like grounds in Church St. The Hnseuui con tarns some good paintings and casts, and a collection of curiosities. TriBltjr Cellete, in Queen St. west, overlooking the bay, is a spacious and pi-ituresque building, 260 ft. long, with numerous turrets and quaint gables. It is surrounded by extensive grounds, tapper Canada College is a plain red-brick building fronting on King St. near John. The Provincial Lunatic Aeplum is a large and hanfJiwrne building with 200 acres of ornamental grounds W. of the city. E. of the city (Don St near Sumach) is the fine structure of the General HoapiUil. The CryetM Pnl-aee, in which are held annual exhibitions of the pro• J R. New York Central R.R.... Pennsvlvania R. R New York Central R. R. . . Pennsylviinia or Erie R. R. New York ft New Haven R, Erie or Pennsylvania R. R. . . . Erie or New York Centnil R R New Yorli Central R. R Pennsylvnnia or Erie R. R. . . . Pennsylvania R. R New York Central or Erie R. R New York ft New Haven R. R. (or r.ceamer ronte to Boston) Pennsylvania R. R Punasylvania, Erie, or New York Central R . R. . . . |9 SO 5 00 14 BO 12 8B 1 68 188 00 40 16 38 00 .27 00 86 00 117 60 188 00 4 rtS 28 80 6 IB 26 BO 8 75 17 BO 12 26 B 72 41 00 7 80 7 90 11 26 18 06 22 00 190 00 •d.) PrtMofthroivb- TlokeU to Fall |S 50 Ston- B 00 14 60 12 80 1 88 •r New 188 00 40 16 . R.... 38 00 .27 00 > • > * ' 86 00 117 BO 188 00 4 rtB 28 80 6 16 26 60 ■ •••••• 8 7B 17 60 12 26 ft 72 41 00 7 60 7 90 er route 11 26 18 05 i.'k! ." '. '. 22 00 190 00 INDEX. I'AOK AdrUD,Mtch W Akron, 8*1 AUine,N.Y 68 i Aarora, III 117 i Aurora, Ind 107 I Athens, 101 I Atlanta, Oa 187 ! Raltlmore, Md )» Batavia,N.Y B6 Bay St. LonU. La IW I Beacon Hill, N. Y M BearMonnUln. N. Y n Belle Iile, MlchlMn 8S Bie Bone Lick, Ky 107 Blloxl, La 189 Blngfaamton, N. Y AS Birmingham, Pa . . . 79 BlalrsvITle, Pa 77 Bloominston, HI 110 Boston, Haas flO Brandy wine THrer 86 Breakneck Bill. N. r 68 Bridgeport, Conn 70 Brighton, Mass 00 Brookline, MasK 80 Brooklyn, N.Y 90 BnUhlo, N. Y 8« Bnrltngton, Iowa 117 Bnttermtlk FaUi,N.Y 68 Caldwell's Landing, N. Y 5> Cambridge, Maas 60 C«mden, 8. C 180 Canandairaa, N. Y 66 Canton, O 89 Carrollton, Ky 107 Carrollton, La 144 Castle Rock, Utah 119 Cat8kill,N.Y 68 Cedar Rapids, Iowa 117 Charleston, S. C 181 Charlestown, Mass (b Chandidre Falln, Can -. . . . 158, 164 Cheat River Valley, W. Vh 100 CheIfea,MatB 09 Chester, Pa 86 Cheyenne, Wy 1 18 Chicago, ni 80 Chlllicotbe. 101 Cincinnati, 101 Cleveland.0 84 Cold Spring, N.Y 69 Coirax-CaT 190 Cclnmbta, S. C ISO Colamhns, O 87 Concord, Haas 69 Oonneant, 88 Corawall,N. Y M Oorry, Pa 97 Coanctl Blnft, Iowa 117 CoTlnRtqn,Ky 106 Creston, Wy 119 PAua Cro* Most, N.Y W Croton >V>int, N. Y M v.dmberland, Md 100 Dan's MounUln, Md MO Davenport, Iowa lit Dayton, 98 De Cbelne Rapids, Can IM De.^'ilt. N. Y. m De» Moines, Iowa llf Detroit, Mich 80 Diincannon, Pa 77 Danderborg Monntalu. N.Y M Dunkirk, if. Y 88 Kast Hartford, Conn 74 East Liberty, Pa 79 Baston, Pa 80 Bast St. Louis, III 110 Bcho Caflon, Utah 119 BIlBahetb, N J 98, 88 KIkhart, Ind 80 BIkhom, Neb 118 Blko,Nev 110 BUicott's Mills, Md 90 Klmira.N. Y 88 Klysville.Md 00 Fairfield, Conn 70 FaU River. Max* 00 FAI.LS: Bnttermllk Bl Chaudidre 169,154 Oenusee , 87 Little Chaudidre 104 MontmorencI ISO Niagara 109 Rldean 104 St. Anne UO FiBhklll Landing, N. Y BO Florence, S. C 180 Flirt Wayne, Ind 80 Frederick JancUon. Mi' Oa Frederickubnrg, Va 116 FreehoM.Pa 97 Fnlton, III m Oalesbais, 111 117 Qasp^ Point, B. 1 78 Georgetown D. C 00 OoUsboro, N. C 180 Omfton, W. Va 101 Granger, Utah... 110 Greenbnsh. N. Y OB Green River Sutlon, Wy 119 Greenwich, Conn 70 Gretna, La 144 GroBselle, MIrh 8B Oroese Point, Mich M Gnilford, Conn 74 Hamilton, Can 80 HamUton. 98 Hanover Junction, Va 198 Harper's Perry, Va 90 Harrisbnrg, Pa 77, 80 Hartford, Ct 79 Haveretraw Bay, N. Y M Havre de Grace, Md 80 Homellsvllle, N. Y 88 Hudson, N.Y 01 Hudson River 08 lona Island. N.Y flt Iowa City. Iowa 117 Irvington.N. Y 01 Jackaon, Mich 80 Jaffenonvllle, Ind 107, 100 Jersey City, N. J 98 Johnatown, Pa 77 Jollet, ni 110,117 JunlaU Valley, Pa 77 Kalamaaoo. Mich .- 80 ~^aS^i^3T?^^^SiiiS3SS^^Z^^3i^^i^^^SS12if!^i^Si'i^^^S mmmMm:' ' 160 INDEX. V I , Uchlne K«pldi. Can 14H Lake Ponlchartralii, La 144 Lancaster, P* 77 LaPnrts.Ind Vi Lawreucebufv, Ind Wf Lexlnirton, Mat* f.U Ltttlo Chaiidlire Valti, Cat^ IM Little Falla, N Y 6fl Lockport.N \ U\ Logansport Ind HH London, O m LouliYllle, Ky 107 Macon, Qa 187 Madtfon. In-' 107 (anch'Sti":' In . 79 :vv,nai!f-!i;, ', w, ne ■«rf*-.'dli.i'jif '^^1. ",» 100 ■J.. .•!'(. i>..<> 89 ...■,■.'.. i-V 98 laO 961 w> 187 1 SO I fKbi\u,,M» llohawk iVlver, ^ Mollne.lll 117 I MontKomery, Ala 187 MoDtmorencl Falls, Tan 1S9 Montroal, Can 14fi MountAlnr.Md 99 Mount Union Mlatiou. Pa 77 Moant Vernon, Va SO Mystic, Conn 74 New Albany, lud UO Newark, Del 8S Newark, N. J 88 Newark.0 86 New Brunswick, N.J 88 Newbiirg, N. Y ... 68 New Haven, Conn 70 New London, Conn 74 New Orleans, La 189 Newporr, Pb '. 77 Newport. R. 1 00 New York City 5 NlagarttPallH 53.80 North Bend, Ind 109 North Platte, Neb 118 Norwalk, Ct 70 Nyack, N.Y 63 Oakland, Cal ISO Oberlln, O m Ogden, UMh. 119 Omaha. Neb 117 Oneida, N. Y 86 Omnfreirine, 98 Otlsvlne, N. Y 88 Ottawa, Can 188 Ottowa, III 117 Owei{0,N.Y 88 Parkersburg. W. Va 101 Faeca^nla, lia 189 Pfterson, N.J 88 Pawtuzet, R. 1 76 Peeksktil, N. Y 88 Petersbar?, Va 180 PhlUdelphIa, Pa 88 Piedmont, W. Va 100 Plermont, N. f 61 PIqua, O 88 PitMbcre, Pa 77 Platnfleld, N. J 88 Ply month, Ind 88 Point of Rockc. Md 99 Port JerrlB, N.Y 88 PouirhkeepBle, N. Y 69 Princeton, N. J «S Promontory Point, Utah 119 Providence, R. I 74 Pnt-ln-Bay Island!) 84 Quebec, Can 148 FA-'.* Quiiicy, Mau M Racine, Wis.... A Heading, Pa. ^■■ Richmond, Va •tliMau Falls, Can ;;•* Rochester, N. Y V Rocklslai ICItMll i:t Rocky Point, R. 1 '4 Rome, N. Y '4 Hijoramento, Ctl 'iS) Halamaiica, N, Y Ssleni.O W Salt Uk- City, Utah 119 Han Frar"l«co, Cel Itl 8a.-::'"j, Cal l»t Sa ' iniiah, Oa lib Schenectady, Wy 86 Sherman, N. Y 119 Sholiola, Pa 88 Sidney, Neb 118 Sln^ sing, N.Y 88 Sir John's Knn. W. Va .• lOO Sloatsbnra. N. Y 82 Soniprvlllc, N. J 88 South Bind. Ind 86 Himth Mountain, Md 99 Sprliiiricld, III 110 SprinKflold. O 98 Stamford, Conn 70 St. Anne Falls, Can 1B8 St. Catherine's, Cun 80 8i«ub«nvllle, O 88 St.LonIs, Mo 110 Stockton, Cal 180 Btnnlngton, Conn 74 Stony Polnt.N. Y 88 Storm-Klntr MonnUIn, N. Y 88 St. Reinoaz Bapldii. Can 184 Suffcrn'H Station, N. Y 88 Bu^r-Loaf Monntaln. N. Y B8 Bnramlt Station, Cal 180 Sumter, 8. C 180 Suspension Brldpa, N. Y 80 fusquehanna, N. Y 88 _yracu8e,N. Y 86 Tappan, N. Y 51 Tappan Zee, i* . Y 81 Tarrytown, N. Y B» I Taunton, Mass 60 I Toano, Nev 119 Toledo. 86 Toronto, Can 164 Trontim, N.J 88 Troy, N. Y 86 I Trucltoo, Cal 180 I Turner's Station, N. Y 88 Tyrone Cltv. Pa 77 I Union City. Ind 88 Urban8,0 98 Utica, N.l 56 Valparaiso. Ind 89 VerpUnck's Point, N. Y 59 Wadsworth, Nev 190 Warsaw, Ind 89 Washington, 0. C 40 Washington Junction, Md ,. 99 Weber CafloD. Utah 119 Weldon, N.C 180 Westerly, R. 1 74 West Point, N, Y 68 Wethersfleld, Conn 74 Williams Brldi?e, N. Y 70 Will's Mountain, M.l 100 Wilmington, Del 88 Wilmington, N. C 180 Windsor. Can 80 XentK , O 98 Yonkeo'.N.Y 81 Youghlo, »i.i( the rtrtonn concllUonk of tb« btimin hair It Klfttnt the hair uhtn harih and dry. It KOt/ift tht irrUated $eatp. It affoT'lf the richest Ituttt. It remaint long^t In rfftet. rtprevenU tht hairfivm/atllng (]§. It promotet Ut healthy, vigorov* growth. It it not greaty nor lUdty. It kattt no ditagretatit odor. A REMARKABLE OA4B. " Ea«t MiddlehoiuV, X! «h., i " Junt V, tim. \ " MeMiw. BvMKmnt * Co, '• When jny AaHgUter'n Imir r>ain«> off hIip hml been nfllk'tcilwUb nriiniliflii in her hewl tor Shree yearn, and tor two years after her himl wiw a» ■mooth a* her .'^ce. " TbrouKh the recomniendatlon of a (Hen C( ooonecUon with the Kalllito . . 'ii t - Uttlo fbur of her loalntr ber b* "Wltbrespec f'.X. .8, In J but A single application rendors the hair (no matter how «llff and dry) oof ' "i ' ■ jr several days. It la conceded, by a'l who have used It, to bn th« betit and elma,. ■ i .»«? . xiitjr!f*g in the uiortd. It promotes the OBOWTU OF THE HAIB, and to wl^lf v cVM lU Ini- Utlni; matter. «•#•«• BURNETT'S CyNE, UNRIVALED IN RICHNESS AND D'lLICACY OF PEI.FUME. IK QVilBTn AHD HALF mm, Plimi, AMD QUaSTIS. Wr ca// Spuria/ Attention to our Colognt Lul, Four Sixes, at Popular Prices, in Cork and Glass Stoppers, and Wicker Covering. "OoHTmMCTAI, HOTBL, I " PaiLAOKLPHiA, Pa., Junt -20, 1S68. f " Messrs, JusRPU Borhitt & Oo. "Gkntliiikm: While tiavellng abroad last year, wo took your Cologne with as, and, after testing sevenl of the best 'German,' foond none of them equaled yours. I know of mooy Mends aa empbatlo In its flsvor as I am. " Very truly yours, ,1. E, KinesLBT." " St. Chablbs Hotbl, I "Nbw Oblbans, Jt'sft. 19, 18T0. f " Messrs. Jobbph Bvbr btt h, Co. "Obhtlnhbs: I have the pleasure to ae- knowledge receipt of your very acceptable pres- ent. " I regard both the Toilet Companion and Co- logne OS very agreeable and fragrant appendages to the toUet Very tmly yours, ■■OABunTA Patti." "Messrs. Josbpb Bvr!(BTr k, Co. " Obittlkmrh ; Thanks for the elegant pres- ent of your Toilet Preparations ; they are cer- tainly deserving iny nearty reooni^mendatlon. Your Cologne-water la dellghtf!;i. "Yonisver/ truly, "TflBODOBB RiTTKB.' "EVBSBTT IIOCUK, 1 "Kbw TiiBB, March 18, ISTl. } "Messrs. Josbpb BintssTT A; Co. "Obhtlbiikn : I have received yonr elegant aouvenlreontslnlug specimens of your 'OocoMns,' for the hair, 'FLommai.,' tat the handkerchief, ' KalllstoD.' which has been reeoramended to me, yoru- ' Tooth - Wash,' ond tbe ' Cologne- Water.' 1 am dellgbted with the Oocooiiit. and all of these orilcles I have used, and find them not only agreeable, but usefUL "Tonrstmly, Obbistinb Nnssoif." T08EFE BUBNSTT ft GO., Sole Froprieton, Boston, Mass. FOB SALE BY t>RUOOISTS EVERYWHERE. ■^wmrnmMM^i^^-^-- •^r^mm mmmmmmi n I- ii ninn WM W ip>i<|i i * [ii.'Wi»WWHi*>Wlw> CHAWTON HOm t OHARLBSTOiyr, S. C. It mmi4. I* owlii(f to lli..|r ninerltn- writiiia qwUUiM, M •ttsdU^ »)V th<> iiivnU nf OT*r rkmen In Kun>p«, 1 0*rd, eonUlnlng on<* i y- CO., ••t, N«w York. URf ND DYSPEPTIC. (iSt.,A\ y. icket8, at 60 cents, id touic, admirably and efficient roedl- r Sale by John W. agent, in Aifectiona imatiam, &c. Uen- -sSBTScr«wnsn'-rr **^ '^V-'' ' V ' ^ '*' ^vr- S?w^ ■ MM iiiiiiii i i j i i ii mmmivwr^^ff'^'^f SL. ''THE ARLINGTON," WASHINOTON, D. 0. »-«s«c T. BOESSLE A SOIT, Proprietors. Also of the FORT WILLIAM HENRY HOTEL, Lakb Gborob, N«w York. PARTICULARLY DESIRABLE roB I'AMlIilMS AND Summer Tourists. 46 AMERICAN, 5» BOSTON-. ConTeniently located for Businesa or Pleasure. Puites, with Bath-rooms and GN. R. J. ALLYN, PROPRIETOR. HARTFORD, CONN. ifflfiailiittifttwwiitti ^k ri^^^^d^irtH ^* tfH r., BOSTON. * "■ ' ■ - - . t :'';^.'t;v,v„:;„Vy^ *- jCAmTrAOTDBn ov FIRE-BRICKS, BLOCKS, AND TILES, yar BalUBC-lIlUai Sa^Wnrk*, BlMt-Furnaeca, Foanaarla*, Uate-KllM. (Haas-Wwhi, CInite-Flztiircsi ct*. Btseka and Tiles, of any ibe or shapo, Made to C der at the shortest ootloe, sod of superior quality. SOLI XAm KACTUBKB OF HOILOW BRICK AND ROOFING TILE, under P. HERVIER'S PATENT, Used throughout Wuropi. Bpedsl attention is invited to tbe Oheafness, Dobabilitt, and Exrai Pbotbotiow ASAiair Fiaa aiftirded by BOOFINO TIIiB for use un J>epot», Vaeha, Oa»-Work»t oMd Warehouse*, Hy ftotory (tbrmerly owned by Jobbph Fobsrs, Esq.) is k>cated at Pertli Amboy, N. J., within a few hundred fleet of ttde-water, affording uneqoaled rsolllttes for shipping:, and is in tbe imme- diate Tiolnlty of tbe finest chy-bads in the oooiitry. BUPBRIOB FIRB OLAY BY TBB TOIT OR OASOO. Serui/or Prlce-Liit. ; ' APPLETONS' GUIDE-BOOKS. APPXETONS* RAILWAY AND STEAM NATI6ATIOX OUlliE. Pnblbhed Remi-montlily, under the inpervlilon of the Bailwty Companiei, containinK Time-Tablea of all the Railway! In the United SUtes and Canada, One Hnndred Itailway Map*, reprf.RentiDg the principal Railways of the country West, Sonth, Kortb, aad Kait, In connection with a Time-table of each line. TIme-tablea corrected In M'.th ediUon to date. Square Iflmo. Paper. Price, SS cente. APPI.ETONS* HAND-BOOK OF AJKERICAN TRATEL.— ir«i<«ni Tour. Including Eighteen Throngh-Rontea to the Weat and Far West, Tour* of the Great Lakea and Rivera, and all Local Routea of the Weatem Btatea. Being a Com- plete Guide to the Rocky HouDtaina, Toaemite Valley, the Yeilowatone, Sierra Ne- vada, etc., and other Famoua Localltlea; with tnll ScacrlptWe Sketchea of the Iiakea, Waterfalla, Monntaina, and all Flacea and Obje^ta of Intereat within the Diatrict named. With Mapa and Dlagrama. ISmo. Cloth, flexible. Price, $>.0O. APPLETON8* HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN TRATEL.— iVE. mpaolM, containing le Hondred luitlwar tb, Korth, and Kait, 1 In M'.'h •dIMoa to West, Toon of the tea. BelBK a Com- watome, Sierra Ne- itckea of Ibe lakea, tba Diatrlct named. iney, Pennaylvanla, I, Yemont, and tbe Lakea, Waterfalla, » and Interett within rraaged aa Sntns**- rice, tt.09. TEL.— SowMmt Inia, North Carolina, k, Tezaa, AAanaa*, e-Fielda, Homitataa, and objecta of Inl- and of the Pilnelpal Jtg England, Scot- lem Germany, Swit- Jweden. Containing Mneipal Oltlea, and !dg«a. Prlc«.tLO(i. Views rf Street- J. The maat ftally- ntalna Mapa, and a aa a memorial of the ; cloth, $1.00. >0 IDiulratioiu by In alae with "■Vew lU; anccetaftU, and r ASEBICAH TOl. Paper corera, >F SUMJIEK ■ 1 Tol. Paper, 80 HrUTTER RE> raver, SO canta. (Jk ihen^ Heir Yak. l aaa i > i -mmmmm 1776. 1876. TBADE U'^X'^D MARK. ■\^:~.-.!tik-i ;=-/■'■ .'.ii' FIRE-WORKS, FOR CENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS. ■;V.fc-c.,/:.ti' PUBLIC AND PRIVATE DISPLAYS, Host Eeliable, Brilliant, and &,fest. ALSO FLAflS, LANTERNS, BALLOONS, &c. THE UNEXCELLED FIRE-WORKS CO., 112 Chambers St., New York. miAmmmmmmmimm . The most complete and eUganUy JUugtrated Work on \ . : ■ Europe ever produced. PICTURESQUE EUROPE: A DELINEATION BY PEN AND PENCIL OF The Mountains, Rivers, VaUss, Shores, Forests, and other Natural Features, and the Anoient Ruins, Cathedrals, Castles, Palaoes, Old Structures, and other Pioturesque and Historlo il Plaoea of GREAT BRITAIN AND THE CONTINENT. EdlUd by BAT JED TAYLOR. This trnly onperb work, which has now been for several yearR in MtWe prepantion, will contiiat of a t raplete description and elaborate pictorial iUavtratlon of tlie greater part of the European Continent. It will portray the ^reat moantaln-raiigea, the snperb lake*, the beantifnl valteys, the grand forests, the cascailca, the great rivers, with their fiiciiiatlng hiatorical associations, and with these the temples and ruins of ancient Greece and Rome, he gr«nd Gothic cathedrals, the qnaint old chnrches, the splendid palaces, the grim old txstles, the »;:ange townc, and other places and objects of note, it being the purpose of the pt blishers to Illustrate the varied picturesqne and historic scenes in th&t storied land with a tnllnesB and artistic effect beyond anything hitherto attempted. THE ENGRAVINGS OK THIS WORK ARE ALL NiiW, having been ezecnted from ■ketcheb by American and English artists, who for two years past have been traveling over every part ofEnrope, in order to secure accurate and the latest views of picturesque places. No labor and no cost have been spared to render the illustrations in every particular not only entirely trustworthy but valuable for tbofr artistic excellence. To those who have visited Europe it will be a lasting pleasure, as a souvenir of the places they have seen; to others U will, in its minute and thorough delin<;atlon by artist and writer, afford an idea of the great historic ground of the Old World, scarcely less vivid than that of actual personal observation. The engravings will consist of steel and wood. The steel I'lates will be printed on heavy, toned, plate-paper; the wood illustrations will be of the finest character, and abundantly in- terspersed through the text, which will be printed ou heavy, extra-calendered, toned paper. In all particnlars of manufacture, care will be taken to secure a truly elegant and sumptuous work. PlOTTiBBsqint Edbopk is uniform with and is designed to form a companion work to PIOTVBBSfilJE A.HERIOA. CONDITIONS OF PUBLICATION. This work will be published by subscription. In parts, at Fifty Cents each, payable on delivery ; the carrier not being allowed to receive money in advance, or to give credit. Each part will contain one higbly-flnlehed engravtaig on steel, and a large number of llnely-executed woodcuts. The work will probably be completed in Sixty Parts; it w: 1 ?o*irt«Wv not exceed Sixty- ■Ix Parts; the size imperial quarto, It will be printed on heavy, toned, highly-calendered paper, made expressly for this work, in the t<:st manner knoriu to the art. Subscriptions received only for the entire work. D. AFFLETON k 00., Fabliahers, 549 & t)Gl Bioadwi^, H. I. i iMiN i MWIiillSi ii i i i' itfi : Work on PEi )theF Natupitl INT. etlre prepamUon, >rthe greater part 9 luperb lake*, the I their flwciiialing Jreece and Borne, ces, the grim old be pnrposo of the itorled land with ten ezecnted flrom een traTeling over |lctnre>qae places, ^ery particular not D those who hare hey have aeen; to , afford an Idea of ot actaal personal printed on heavy, tnd abundantly In- ered, toned paper. ot and samptnons nlon work to each, payable on give credit. I large namber of not exceed Sixly- hig^-calendered niwaj, H. T. HONEST PUSH. In our January number we alluded to the genuine enterprise of Dr. Dundaa Diok, the gentleman who coats fluid medicines with a film of gelatine, so that they shall not offend the palate. Our remarks were merely by way of comment upon an article in the Jf. Y. Reporter. A Christian friend of ours, a druggist by profession, calla attention to our article and reminds us that^ in our well-intentioned comments on Dr. Dick's business habit.s, we omitted one rery essential point — his sterling honesty. Our iViond thinks that, ordinarily, too much credit is given to energy and bnsiness activity, and too little to those weightier qualities which go to make up the substan- tial character — integrity and scrupulous fair-dealing. He says that the example to be placed before men is not that of success achieved by cunning, or by push, or by notoriety, but that of wealth accumulated or influence gained by righteousness— that is, by right-doing. Our friend is coirect, and we never held to any other view. When we said that Dr. Dick's success, like the success of Hr. A. T. Stewart, resulted largely from his ability to do, better than any of his many employes can do, all the multifarious duties of his factory, we did not mean to indicate that his intimate practical acquaintance with the details of his vast business could be considered as taking the place of in- tegrity. Knowledge cannot compensate for lack of honesty. The two must go band in hand, or failure will come sooner or later. A good lady, who knpw Mr. Stewart when he had only one clerk, told us a few days ago that he never allowed that clerk or any of the many thousands since and now in his emplnv, to recommend goods offered for sale. His plan has always been to exhibit '~i'' ' ' i -les and let them do ' tbeir own talkhig. So with Dr. Dick. Physicians knov/ : y can prescribe his pure, j>rotected remedies with the certainty that the resuiv oi-.dcipated will follow their use. They tre just what they purport to be, nothing more, nothing less. It is 08 if he were to seal up pure oils and balsams and terebinthinates in transparent glass, so far as purity is concerned. The only difference is, that the glass is soluble and nutritious, being made of transparent gelatine. Dr. Dick is not a manufacturer of " patent medicines." His tasteless remedies are cot secret or proprietary nostrums, but are strictly " officinal ; " that is, author- ized medicines of the United States Dispensatory. It is only in selecting pure, fresh drugs, and protecting them well, rapidly, and elegantly, that Dr. Dick's great skill is shown. The drugs thus inclosed are potent, active, powerful, and are usually or- dered by physicians. Druggists of our acquaintance testify that more than three- fourths of all Dr. Dick's goods sold ure called for by written prescriptions. When thus ordered, the druggist removes the outer wrapper, and only the magic letters " D. D. & Co." denote the maker's hamo. The products of no chemist's laboratory stand higher than his. He has earned his popularity by fair-dealing, and, by the integrity of his methods and the purity of his medicines, placed himself on the plane occupied by Dr. Squibb of Brooklyn, whose manufactured drugs stand at the head. If knowledge, energy, and good taste have done much of this, integrity hab done even more. Druggists and doctota know that Dick's tasteless medicines can be relied upon. In the one word — fidth- fulness — we have the causes of bis vast success clearly summed up, — HatP* Journal of JXudA, March, 1876. m FOR 1876 APPLETONS' JOURNAL, i HOUSEHOLD WEEKLY MAGAZINE, DoTOtei to Popular liter ture, anl all Xatten of Iaat« and Caltnre. ApplbtoSs' JooaKAt appears (n new typ« and with other mechar.iial Improve- ments, making it the handsomest we. kly literary journal in the country. Applitonb' Journal aims to be toinprehensive, including in its plan all branches of literature, and treating aU subjects of interest to intelligent readers ; it designs to be elevated in taste and pure In tone; it gives in quantity fully twenty-6ve per cent more than the largest of th? Monthly Magazines, while In quality its literature is of the highest class. PRICE, S4.00 PER A>!NUM; 10 CEN-^S PER NUMBER. SPECIAL ANNOUNCRMENT. The undersigned have procured, exclnsively for subgcribers to Applitonb' Joub- NAL, a splendid steel engraving of " Charles Dickens in M» Study," which is offered, under special terms, to every subscribei^— in advance— to the JccRNAL for 1876. This steel engraving is in line and stipple. L ic not a fancy picture, but an act- ual represenUtJon of Chtrles Dickens's study at Gadehill, while the portrait of the distinguished author is strikingly faithful. The size of the plate is 20 x U, printed on heavy plate-paper 24 x 80, making a large and handsome engraving for ihe psrlor or library wall. ITie execution of the plate Is of a superior order. The ordinary price of a steel engraving of this character in the print-shops would not be less than^w, andperhapi mx dollar*. It is offered exdurivdy to »ub$erib«n, in addition to ihe JocBNAt, for one year, for $6.00— that is, for $1.00 additional, each ysarly advance subscriber to the Joprnal for 1879 may receive a superb engraving w orth fully five times the amount. This engraving Is entirely new. It has never been for sale in the print-shopa, an i eatmot be obtained except in connection with Applbtons' Journal upon the terms an I conditions glvun above. It will be mailed to subscribers postage prepaid. D. APPLETON & CO., B4» & Ul BBOADWAT, V. T. itfta riM^A ^ ri^MHI*^ iki li Cvltiuv. tiii-al Improve- y. Applktonb' » of literature, I to be elevated !ent more tban I of the highest MBER. TUtTONS' JOUH- U» Study," Ivance — to the ire, but an act- portrait of the s 80, makbig a tecution of the nt-ahops would I to nubMribtn, idditional, each lerb engraving le print-shops, ipon the terms prepaid. O., ^DWAT, V. Y. THE ART JOURNAL. AN INTERNATIONAL GALLERY OF ENGRAVINGS, ly DiitiipiiM litiiti of liuvft vU kwma. WITH HLDSTSATED PAPERS IN THE VARIODS BRANCHES OF ART. Thk Art Journal ;t ■ moniMy publication, (pecially dcvoi«d to the world of An— Painlin|[, Sculpture, Architecture, DecorBtion, EngmvinK, Etching, E^amelin|^ and Dcaigning in all iti brancho — having in view the double purpox of Mipplying a complete illudrated record of progfaai in the Arts, and of albrding a meana for Jie cultivation of Art4aUe among the people. Each num- ber in richly and abundantly illuttrated on both ileel xnri wood. It contains the Steel Plalea and II- Itutrations of the London Akt Journal; a publicatibn of world-wide fame (the excluiive right of whicl), for Canada and the United States ha< been purchased by the publuhcn); with txUnthn addittam drvtUd friHcipally la A mfrican A rt ami A mtrican tiipki. Among the fealurei an the following : X. Th« Home* of At^^HIow. Tht Stauly Htmtt cf England kavtfotmidu vtrpflm- UmliHf^JtatHrt 0/ tkt LoNUON Art Journal for many ytart ,• at a comtanten te this arus, tut an tiviMt viewt and cuicrifUotu o/tht Hcmti c/A mtrica, Including stalely" tnantiant ifflht mort wtaltky, anil \omt 0/ Iki ^icinrttfm rttktmett indt for Iht furpou hy ctmptttnt thi .. o/tJUftojlt. arliiU, '''hut vitvu art /rtm drawings A tnttrUy iffns- "VI. "vni. zx. n. Th* Var WmK ; Colorado and tha Paciflo Ballwajr- -^ *K ,^ . traltdjoumiy Ikrengk Colorado, and evtr tk* facf/k Rallviay, dtrivedjrom ikiUkti madi latl nmmtr ty Mr. J. D. iV»edw*nl, and tngrmvtd m Ikt vtry iett manntr. XXX. American Artiata and their Worka. Tk* teritt of arUciex in tkt votnmi for 1875, on Amtriean artittt, aecom/anied ty txampUt of tktir workt^ mtrt very ^/nlar, tfJ fiiill it centinutd during ikt tutuing ytar. Tkt ingravingt in iku teritt njffotj lomt tftkt iett txampltt ^vtood-cutting mtr givtn to tkt public. ZV. Houaehold Art. By Chakus Wvllis Elliott. Thit valuable teritt ofillmt- trattd paptrt on d»mtttic art mil it continued .i'Ml tke subject it fully covered. v. Amarloan Art-lKannftusturaa. illuttrationt of interetting productiont in Ikt practical artt art given. New Acuarloan Ohorehea and Axnarloaix Arohlteotore. M^ Dr. Huntkh: attd Art in Talaalllia. ^ M. E. Rogers. Papert on Iktte sMbjtcIt will eceatietf alfy appemy. X. Britiah Art-lCantiftiotarea. XL XUoatratlona of Art-Otdeota in the OratMuilal Bzhibition. U^e tktUl iUuttrate ttlecHont tf tke more 'striking and uottwotlky objects iff an A ri-ckaracUr displayed al tkt Sxkibition. XXZ. TLo Stately Bomea of Kngland. By S. C. Hall. Tkb,pepular serbs of pit- pert, dtteriplive tffamout old places in Eng.and, is continued. ZXIX. XUoatratett Pajtera on vari^ 'la Produotiona in Art, and upon Art-lkemet of popular intirttt, XXV. Orialnal Papera fttxm Parla and Itome, on A ri-mattert in iktse capitals. The Steel Illustrations will continue tojustiiy the rcDuution of the Art Journal. EadtBum- tter contains Three Steel Plates, iu nuuiy instances a single plate being worth much mora thaa tb« entire price of the number. Published monthly. Price, seventy-five cents per number, or nine dollan per annum, SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION, either by yearly subiaiption, delivered through the peat, pra- paid, or payable monthly oa delivery by the carrier. Subseriptiims received by the Publisheis, or their Agents. Agbhcibs: aa HawlT St, Boston; oaa Chestnut St, Philadelphia; 33 Post-Office Avenue, Baltimore ; 100 Sute St., A .bany ; 4a State St, Rochester; 103 State St, Chicago; 30 W. 4th St, Cincinnati; 305 Locust S ., St Lonis; 90 St Chatlca St, New Orieana; 330 Suuer St., Sa.i Frandsco. B. APPLXTOV ft GO., FnbliAan, 549 ft 5S1 Broadwsyi Hew York. mm The Pennsylvania Railroad IB " ^ OBEAT TBUin: LINE AID MAIL BOUTE OF THE TTHITED STATES. IT TRAVKR8E8 THE MOST INTERESTING PORTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT, AND DNITEfi BY UNBROKEN TRACKS ALL TUE PRINCIPAL CITIES ON THE ATLANTIC COAST, ON THE GREAT LAKES, AND IN THE MISS'"- ■ .,, 81PPI VALLEY. Are run over its linos between NEW YORK, PIin.ADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, and WASHINGTON in tlie East, and BUFFALO, ROCHESTER, ERIE, CLEVE- LAND, DETROIT, CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, CINCINNATI, uid ,;.; LOUISVILLE, in the North, West, and Southwest. „ ' The Pennsylvania Railroad IB THE BEST OONSTBUOTEB BAILWAI ON THE AMEBIOAB OONTDffENT. ,. . . Its main linos are laid with a double track of Steel Rails, secured on Oak Ties imbedded in broken-»toiie ballaat, which renders them impenious to the action of A-osts or fVeaheta, and prevents annoyance fh>m dust. All Bridges are of Iron or Stone, oonatrut^ed on the bust-known prinoipleo for safety and durability. The Pennsylvania Railroad BMS THH MOST FEBFEOT BOLLmO-STOOE DT THE WOBLD. Its Engines are models of mechanical ezoellenoe, and its Passenger-Cars are un- equaled for comfort, elegance, and strength. Superior Hotels and Eating-Houses are provided at all essential points, wliicli, from their excellence of management and reasonable charges, have become the model establishments of their kind. The Pennsylvania Railroad ENTOIOEB UFOH ALL ITS EMFLOrEB BTBIOT 00UBTE8Y AND POLITENESB 1,1 their intercourse with the Public, and uses every effort to secure the comfort and contribute to the enjoyment of its patrons. ri^^^^AMM^rf^ _^ «■ Voad T OF THE NOBTII TRACKS )AST, -TIMORE, and S, CLKVE- I, and Voad BE id on Oitk Ties > the action of •re of Iron or ty. Voad r-Csrt are »m- ng-Houses are nagement and d. road T M oomfort and APPIiBTOIVS' American Cyclopaedia. NEW REVISED EDITION. ■nttralir Mwrlttan by th* »U«st writm on ttwrnty ■attiaot. Vrlntad firom saw tyjw, ftad lUostrfttod with ■•▼aral Tboiuuid BiicrATiass Mid Ibtpa, The work originally publiabed under the title of Thi Niw AmaiOAH Or(XOPA>iA waa complMed in 1868, rinoe which time the wide circuiation which it has attained in all parti of the United Statea, and the aignal deTelopmenta which hare taken place in erery branch of loienoo, literature, and art, have induced the editora and publiihera to aubmlt it to an exact and thorough reviaion, and to isaue a new edition entitled Thi Amuuoam Ctolopjidia. In preparing the preaent edition for the preis, it has accordingly been the aim of the editon to bring down the iuforroation to the latest poislble dates, and to fur- nish an accurate account of the most recent discoveries in science, of every fresh production in literature, and of the newest inventions IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) M // V. ^ 1.0 fM IIIIIM I.I 11^ m 2.2 12.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ■• ■■ 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 L ^ - |i ^ f J^.^,p,| | J»a ■ .^^,»l, ^!l l^■ul!i.!J! l J,^»^.Vj,}t,iJ^»^■^W ' ■ f ^i^^.'W^ 4^, 1 1 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductlons / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques ^\ O^ 1 1- 5^«''/^>: SKLTZKK Z-fijV THE GREAT APERIENT. ^^ seltzi:k z-R\i. TARRANT'S fjfj'ir<$t4nt ^ilim For THIRTY YEARS has received the favonble recom- mendation of tlie Public, and been Useil and Frescrilieil by tbe First Pbysicians in tlie Lanil BEST REMEDY KNOWN FOB Sick Headache, Nenws Headache, Dyspepsia, Sou Stoaach, Blllois Headache, Dizztnegg, CosttTeaess, Uss of Appetite, Gait, UdlgestlM, Ttrpldltj af the Liver, Gravel, Rhevaiatlc Aflkctlau, Pllri, Heartbin, Sea- sickness, BUIoas Attacks, FeTcrs, Ac, JlCt For Travelers by Sea and Land, for Females in Delicate Health, for Persons of Sedentary Habits, for Physicians in charge of Hospitals, for Soldiers, for Sailors, for Masters of Vessels, especially all going to Hot Climates, the SELTZER APERIENT IS AN INVALUABLE COMPANION. SCrriBERS FKOM LATB SUPPERS, SUFFERERS FROM ABUSE OF :.IQU0R8, SDFFEREHS FROM EXCESSES OF ANT KIND, WILL FIND IN TBI SELTZER APERIENT A COOLING, REFRESHING, AND INVIGORATING DRAUGHT. It ii in the form of a Powder, careftilly pat np in botllea, to Itcep In any climate, and merely reqalrea water ponred npon it to produce a dellghthil efferreacent hererage. s>«j^a: SELTZKH ^R\t MANtTFACTUBED ONLT BT TABRAUTiCO,, 278 GBEENWIOE ST., Cor. Warren, New Yobx, And for Sale by Vruggittt Oenerally. ^^ SKLTZER ^fRlt ! "* t!i ' . i »«ti).jit, i mi:,i i . mmi 18 HMteche, iditr tf in- , for Persons Soldiers, Not scrrERERS G DRAUGHT. 7 climate, and erage. CA LIFORN IA! Tin BED & HDHTIWlBTiniN lilllWAY EmbraoM under one minaffement the Or«at Trunk Bsllway Lines of the Wett and North- v>eit, and, with Its numerous branches and connections, forms the Shortest and Quickest Moute between CHICAGO and all points in Illinois, Wisconsin, North- ern Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, CALIFORNIA, and Western Territories, San Vraneiaeo, SacramADto, Offden, Salt Like City, Cheyenne, Denver, Omaha, Council BlulB^ TanktoD, Slooz City, Minneapolis, Oodar Rapids, Dubnquu, La Crosse, Fra. dn Chlen, Winona, St. Paul, Duluth, Marquette, L'Anse, Ishpemlnir, Negauaeo, Escanaba, Oreen Hay, Menasha, Stevens Point, Orhkosh, Madison, Milwaukee, Are all on the line of this great road, or are reached by this route with less changeft of cars than by any other On the arrival of the trains tro^n the East or South, the trains of the Chicago and Northwestern BaUway LEAVE CHICAGO as ftiUows: jPor Sparta and Winona, and points In Minnesota, One Through Train dally, with Pullman Hleepers to Winona. For DubutfUffVii Freeport,Two Through Trains daily, with Pullman Cars on night tniins. For nubuque and La CVoaxe, via Clinton, Two Through Trains dally, with Pull- man (Jan on night train to McGregor, Iowa. For Slows City and Yaukton, Two Trains dally. PuUman Can to Missouri Valley Junction. For Zake Oeneva, Four Trains dalhr. For Boekford, Sterling, Keuotha, tTanenvllle. and other points, yon can have from two to ten trains dally. For Couneft Bluffit, Ontaha, and California, Two Through Trains dallv, with Pullman Palace Drawing-Room and Sleeping Can through to Council BlnSk. For St. Paul and Minneapolis. Two Through Trains dally, with Pullman Palace Can attached on both tnuns. For 0-rem Chicago to all iiolnta West, North, and Northwest, secure to passen- gers all the ooicroBTs in modbbr bailwat tbavbung. THE PVLI.MAK DRAWISG-ROOM AND SLEEPING CARS, such as run on this popular route, are so constructed as to combine the convenience and elegance or a private parlor by day, and the comforts of a well-fUrniehed bedchamber by nifrht— clean bedding, thick hair mattresses, thorough ventilation, etc. Conductora and porters accompany each oar to provide for the wanta of passengen. Thla la the only line racnlnv these oars between Ohic»co and St. Paul, or Ohioaffo and Milwaukee. At Omaha our sleepera connect with the overland sleepera on the Union Paolflo Ralhnad fbr all pointa west of the Mlasonri River. Ask any ticket agent to show you Its maps and tlmo cards. All ticket agents can sell yoa through tickets by this route. New York Office, 416 Broadway; Boston Office, 6 State Street; Omaha Office, 288 Famham Ptreet ; San Franoiaoo Office, 181 Montgomery Street ; Chicago Ticket Offices : 42 Clark Street, un- der Sherman House ; corner Canal and Madison Streets; KInzio Street Depot, comer West Ktnzle and Canal Streets; Wells Street Depot, corner Wells and KInzle Streets. For rates or information not attainable m yoar home ticket agents, apply, to MARVIN HUOHITT, Gen. Sup't, Chlooga W. H. 8TENNETT, Gen. Pass. Agent, Oilaago. «sw To^rnc BELTM m PACm COIFMY, The oldest and largest manufacturere in the United States of VULCANIZED RUBBER FABRICS, IN EVERT FOBM, ^»M9ltM® r& MSi?m;t^iC^I, ^&9P0SKS»' OOHPBISINO IHACHIIfE BELTING with smooth metallic rubber surface. STEAM PACKING in every form and variety. LEADING AND SUCTION HOSE, of any size or strengtn. PATENT « SMOOTH BORE *> RUBBER SUCTION HOSE. «TEST*> HOSE.— This extra qnality of Hose is made expressly for Steam Fire>Eiigine nse, and will stand a pressure of 400 lbs. per square inch. ANTISEPTIC LINEN HOSE, a cheap and durable Hose for mill and factory purposes. ANTISEPTIC RUBBER-LINED LINEN HOSE, the lightest Hose man- ufactured lor use on Hand or Steatn Fire-Engines. Will Rtand a pressure of 800 lbs. per square inch. CAR SPRINGS of a superior quality, and of all the various sizes used. SOLID EMERT VULCANITE WHEELS for grinding and polishing met- als — the ORIGINAL Solid Emery Wheel, of which all other kinds are imiutions and greatly inferior. CAUTION. Our name is stamped in ftM on all our best Standard melting, Packing, and Hose. Buy that only. The best is the cheapest. WABEHOUSE. 37 k 38 FABK HOW, NEW TORI JOHN H. CHBEVER, Treaaux«r. Price-lists and Airther information may be obtained by mail or otherwise on ap- plication. TM, of BRICS, *OSMS, a. HOSE. made exprenly re of 400 lbs. per or mill and factory Lightest Hose man- stand a pressure of izes used. and poliRliing met- Einds are imitations test Standard . The best is , Treasurer. )r otiierwise on ap- itl ' l •"" ! " ' ' •-■•i'J? ■■ i ' ** *ft*' » iyff tm ;'y-' • V * \ 'r Tr t^. •* v»H^4 ■ UMm ' ■^■^H-x^■^^%^m^?%,'^^'^^^^^^^^^^ w ti BROWN BROTHERS & CO., 39 WALL STREET, VAKW YORK. ^€«4M^E OM • GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. COHMERGIAL Al TRAVELINI} CREDITS issup:i). AVAILABLE IH ANT PART OF THE WORLD. TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS OF MONEY MADE TO ANl) KHOM LONDON AND LIVhIRPOOL. ■ T g*;.»!'-5i]gw»i!aa!.AW'wwt4iwMW'w wk < M ^ ^ Bi ii '.' i towiwiw i 'jM i ia ^iliwiMWiiW MW ' wmmmfmisnt &C0., ORK. kmm. AND. rOBLD. ONEY MADE MORTON, BLISS & CO., 8 BItOAJD STUBBX. CIRCULAR NOTES 0» CIRCULAR LETTERS OF CREDIT, FOR TRAVELERS, /^:■■•'^ AVillABlE IM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. OtmaeTOlftl Creitts ami PrMIs ON Morton, Rose & Co., London, The Bank of Scotland and Branches, The Provisional Bank of Ireland and Branches. • ■ ■ ".t ' lmm X "^H^^^^^^^' V I'TT" aSR JOHN MUNROE & CO., FOREIGN BANKERS, No. 8 Wall Street, NEW YORK, No. 4 Post-OfBce Square, BOSTON, FURNISH EXCHANGE ^OR COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELING PURPOSES, «nr PABI8, LONDON, BERLIN, AND VIENNA. CJLBLE TRANSFERS ON PARTS. CIBSULAB NOTES AND TBAVELINa CBEDITS, IN POUNDS 8TKRUNQ AND IN FRANCS, ISSUED FOR CASH, OR ON SATISFACTORY Ol/ARANTEE OF REPAY- .-...■ MENT. , . .- .., '^ HOUSE VS FABIS: BY WHOM ACCOUNTS WITH AMERICAN BANKS AND BANKERS ARE OPENED, ON FAVORABLE TERMS. Trr^r^^fTss^r-sTs. "■ II iiii^i'W.tW|ffp;ww.> CO., i ■>» ERS, >STON, PURPOSES, !NNA. . 'PARTS. CREDITS. iTTEE OF REPAY- '♦f ARE OPENED, ON DREXEL & CO., \ JV Bankers, 34 South Third Street, Philadelphia, DREXEL, MORGAN & CO., DREXEL, HARJES & CO., Broad and Wall Streets, 31 Boulevard Hauumann, NEW YORK, \ PARIS, . /SSC/E Commercial and Travelers' Letters of Credit and Bills of Exchange on all parts of Europe, Negotiate State, Municipal, and R. R Securities. -• BUT AND SELL QOTERKHENT BONDS STOCKS AND &OLD. TBAN8A0T ▲ aSNlSAL BAZnQNa BUSINIBS. I r REVERE HOUSE, ■OWOOIN SQUARI, BOSTON. A now and improved FaHKeiigor Klevator, with otlier recent improTements, renders the Revere HoiiHe one of the moat perfect Hotel* in the world. TREMONT HOUSE, COR. TREMONT AND BEACON 8X8. Tlie old "Tremunt" it> ui perfect appointment, and offera unnurpassed accommodation to the tniveling public. THB ABOrS HOTKhS AHE UXnKB OWX MASA6BMXNT. CHAPIN, GURNEY A CO., Pronrletops. Lil. SE, [■A sent Improrements, aU in the world. USE, srs. jflers unsurpassed c. AXABEMMST. )., Proprietors. The Handsomest Illuslralcii Work ever produced in this country. PlCTURHSQUE AMERICA; »• • •> Jt ■ OR, *»4 i.T? T^///:" LAND WlilJVJi IN. EDITKII HV WILLIAX OVLLEN BB7ANT. A Pictorial Dalineiitlnii ol' the Mti..ii)t>iiiia, Rivei ••, LRVeats, WBter-fnlla, Shores. Cnriynnr, Valleys, Cities, and other Pictiii-ewi'-ie Fcnturos of cur Country. Tlic |iulili:<)i '•* i-luint that no piiblicaiion uC the kind ha** evur be.>n altcinptud ' '. tlif ooiintry on a ticale ho large, uitli dcnigii ho libi-ral, and with rt'Hultn 80 really iiiHgniflcont. They ofTer it to tht- American piiblio ax not oid,> the grentext and fullest expoHitioii of our country that hat* yet been made, but w* a luoniiment of na- fivo art worthy the geniuH and reputation of our people. The cngriivingH ron»int of sti'cl and w(M)d. The Htcel platen iir.' printed on heavy, toned plat.>-p.i|>ei'; the woid illiHtnitionH are of the Hnent charai-tcr, and abundant- ly inter.-ipei-Hed through the text, which are printcl on heavy, extru-ealendered, toned paper. '>'■!' 5'i' cosDiTioya of jpvblicati'ht. This work is published in semi-monthly parts, at Fifty oentfl each, payable on delivery. Each part coutaiuH one highly-finished engraving on steel, and a large number of finely-execute I woodcuts. The work is co iiplote in Koi-ty-eiijjlit parte : the size imparial quarto. (Subscriptions received only for the entire work. i^ .' D. APPLETON A CO., Publiahera, 549 & S6l Broadway, New Tobk. ...ixuitlly: THE GREAT ^^ si:i;r/i:K ^ ^f/^y APERIENT. TARRANT'S ^Rfl/k/. SKI/rZKU ^«\t f:^ ^^PiA rzi:i{ ^ tf'* , K ^ » _»- .f . 1 . UjA,«. "THE EBBITT HOUSE," = jp ,Wt. ■ .VJtrt!'. iK^LVv^: -* U',«rf-». Washington City, U. S., CORNIR P and 14th STRUTS. HEADQUARTERS ARM7 AND NAVY. C. C. WILLARD, :. : I il Through the Highlands of the Hudson by DayHght! AFTERNOON BOAT FOB Newbuh&h, West Point, Pooshkeepsie, Rondoot, and Kingston, lakdhco at Cozzens's (Highland Falls), West Point, Cornwall, Milton, and New Hamburgh. MEALS SERVED AT A1.L HOURS. MARY POWELL, OAPT. ANDKR80N, Will leave every Afternoon (Sundays excepted^ trom VESTRY STREET, PIER 39, NORTH RIVER, AT 3.30 P. M., Affording a flae opportunity for viewinfr THE HIGHLANDS BY DAYLIGHT. CONlfECTIONS. — With Eltvated Railway ai Canal SIrett. Lake Mehonk, Palt* Point. With EvtniKg Traim ai Poughkteptit for tht North. With Ntv) Yo- k, Kingiien &• Syracut* Railroad. With PtHmylvania Railroad to and/rom Philadtlphia. Paokasea of Tioketa Sold at Beduoad Satea. NOETH. lieave Naw York, Vestry 8t 8 80 p. m. " Cooena's Hotel Dock 6 00 " " West Point 6 10 " » Cornwall 6 8u " •' Newborgh 8 48 " " New Hamburgh and Marlboro'.T 16 " » Milton T80 " " Poughkeepr'e 7 46 " Anlvlng at Bondoat and Kingston. . . 8 80 " SOUTH. Leave Boudont and Kingston 8 80 a. m. " Poughkeepsie 6 80 " " Milton 646 " " Marlboro' and New Hamburgb.T 00 " " Newburgh 7 80 " " Cornwall 7 48 " •* West ''olnt 6 08 " " Oozzens's Hotel Dock 8 10 " Arriving in New Yerk 10 46 " TICKETS SOLD AND BAGGAGE CHECKED THROUGH TO AND FROM PHILADELPHIA. iRht! Kingston. 4ew Hamburgh. ts. r L. 4 T 3.30 P.M., iHT. VakoMk, Paltt PaM, iingiUm &• SyratMtl H. ttiin 6 80 ▲.M. 680 » 846 " Hainbur(rb.T 00 " , T80 " T46 " 806 " jck 8 10 " 104S " I PHILADELPHIA. WINDSOR HOTEL, FIFTH AYEPE, 46tll k m 8TS., NEW TOBL HAWK, WAITE, S- WETHERBEE, PROPRIETORS, The Windsor ifl more magnificent and commodious, and contains more real com- forts, tlian any other Hotel in America. Its location is delightful, being surrounded by the most fashionable residences in New York ; it is also near the famous Central Park and within three minutes' walk of the Grand Central Railway Station. The rooms, with all the modem im- provements, are especially adapted for travelers ; this Hotel also has elegant apart- ments, en tuUt for famUies, permanent or transient. The light, ventilation, and san- itary qualities are perfect, and cannot be excelled. 8A1C1TEL HAWK, OHAS. C. WAITS, GABDHSB WETHEBBEE,