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rOMMERCIAL UNION DOCUMENT No. 10. 
 
 \ 
 
 Commercial Union 
 
 AS PHOTOGP'PHED BY AN 
 
 Intelligent English Visitor to Canada. 
 
 X 
 
 IMPERIAL INTERVIEWS, NUMBER TEN, 
 
 IN THE 
 
 PALL MALL GAZETTE. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 ERAGTUS WIMAN, 314 liROADWAY. 
 
5^7 
 
 
COMMERCIAI. UXION 
 
 AS PHOTOGRAPHKI) I!Y AX 
 
 INTKI1I(;ENT KNGJJS|[ VISITOH to CANADA. 
 
 [Onk of tlio KditoiH of the I'all Mull (iazillv, Mu. HkSuy Xok.man, is 
 making a Joiirney jironiid tlir world. In a brilliant scmIi's of what i.s callt'd 
 " Ini)ifrial Int«ivi<!w.s"' he is fiiinishin^, not only his own jonrnal, hut a 
 8yndi(%'»to (»f jtapcrs, vivi<l piiotomaphs of wh it hi' ijathi'rs from promi- 
 nent men in ciich locality that liii visits. 'I'hn sniijccts usually chosen 
 for discussion arc thosti not only of vital interest in the localities them- 
 selves, l)ut of importance also to his reach'rs in (Ireat ISritain. Ml!. Nohmax 
 lias, however, sued) vii^or (d" mind as to he more than a mere interviewer. 
 \Vhile, no donht. he faithfully leprcsents the views (d" tho-e whom he deems 
 worthy of reporlin^r. he nnverllndess ri'aches coneln.siiuis entirely his own, 
 iiiid alter dm* investi;;ation, does not hesitate to produce them in a style at 
 once incisive and aliraetive. Heine, the interview whiidi is reiirinted in 
 the followin;^ ])a^jes is interest inL;, iis indieatin;;; his deliherat'i conclusions 
 re;X="'''i";i 'he (|iiestion ol ( 'nimneicial rnioii ln'twceu the I'nited .^tates 
 and (':ina<la, a coiKdnsioii reaclie<l afier havinij had the y;reat advantajio of 
 a full confereiici^ with Professor (ioi.DWiN SMi'iil, mid many others in all 
 walks of life, whom he deems it iiimeees^ai y to (|iiote. It will he seen that 
 Mr. NoiiM AN approaches the (pit stioii with a eom|>reliensivene8s wlii(di few 
 writers have eipiulled, idaciiiy; tin est iiiiate on the far-reachin^j consciiucnces 
 of the movement, whi(di, at the (uitstjt, ahnost st!i;fLters the reader. 
 
 The reproduction in lliis form of the interview needs an aiiido;ivon hehalf 
 of t he ]iuhlisher, whose |ierson,»lity o(!cuides so lar^je a portion of the hstter. 
 Troliahly hecaiise of this ])erson.ility, the letter Wiis(Mily partially reprinted 
 on this side of the .Ulan tie ; ;inil it seemed unfortunate that the com I us ions 
 reaidied hy a most iiitcllijjeiit and iiii|(artial ol)server shouhl not lie juit in 
 shape for perusal and pifservation. Hence, at the risk of the accusation of 
 nndne \aiiity, the |>iihlislier sends out tliis as one of a series ef documents 
 on Commen ial I'liion wiiieh it has .seemed to h« his duty, as it Ims IxM-n his 
 pleasure, to rep^odn<•<^. His only Justi. '.nation for this last issue is hisdesire 
 to rescue from tin; oblivion of a daily London paper, utteily inaeeessihie to 
 those most deeply interested, some views and eoiRdusious other Miiin h's own, 
 that may be wortliy of preservation.] 
 
 Mr. NoKMAX says : 
 
 "Coinmerriiil riiion is theeoniingiiiiestion for Canada : noonecouhl travel 
 about the Dominion for two month.s, and talk with all classes t)f peoi»lo, 
 wilhont beinjj sure of that. Jt is the question which will split Canadian 
 ])artie,s, which will bo the issue at the next j^enerjil election, and whi(di, l)y 
 the manner in which it is discussed and the result ultimatdji iirrived at, 
 icill determine the lehule reldtionnhip beliecen Canada and the United 
 StateH, for many _)/<((»•» to eome, the rehtlionshii) helween I'mjland and her 
 greatest colony probably forerer, and lehicli leill eonHeiinentlji affect to a 
 great, if not indeed to a vital degree, lite future ol' the Anglo-Saxon race 
 
 50842 
 
h;k 
 
 AN ESGIASII VIEW OF 
 
 the globe. Tlicw iin- largo assertions, liiit I tliiiik it in enny lo nIiow 
 
 iin- 
 
 tliat (liey are not Krt'iili\ cxajji^i-ratt'd ones. Tho prcvalciiio ot ||i(< Ci 
 merciiil Union idea has been the thief siirpriso of my vibit. As jet little or 
 notliing is known of it in En(<hin(l, while hero it is tlio first and la»<t tiiciiin 
 of discussion wherovi!r politicians niret. Yon Ciannot \t'\ik np a daily paper 
 anywhere \.hieh has not a leading article upon it. It is the favorite siiiiject 
 for yoimn men's deliatiiiK socii^tics and farmers' institutes. Cluhs an- Ihmh)^ 
 
 formed for no other ]iiirp(ise than to study and promote it, and already its 
 opponents hav(- taken such alarm that, aiiparcntly no longer conlldeMt of 
 their own ability to <Ieinoli,sh tho ' fail.' they are invoking siiprrnatural 
 assistance, for on last Thanksgiving Day I see that a clergyman in St. .loliii, 
 New lirunswick, included it among the things he tluinked (iod Canaila did 
 not hive. The two leading newspapers of Canada, tho Toronto lilube niul 
 the Mail, the first a l.iheral org.m and tho second recently couverteil frmn 
 Conservatism to independence, vie with each other in tho strength of tlieir 
 snpport; and my own experience, outside of Ottawa, which is the centre of 
 ministerialism, is that three out of five of tho most intelligent men I liavo 
 met are enthusiastic Commercial lyniouists. Or, to give a nu)ro coucliisivo 
 proof, one of tho most prominent defenders of the Conunorcial Union said 
 the other day, 'if this cause is lost it is tiie farmers which will lose it; if 
 it is won, it is the compact unity of tho farmers which will win it;' and in 
 tho province of Ontario, out of thirty Farmers' Unions which have debated 
 the question, twenty-eight have declared in favor it, one only being adverse 
 and one holding its Judgment in HU8pen^e. 
 
 "Tho abstnict ([ueslion of Commercial Union is intimately interwoven at 
 present with tho personality of its foremost advocate, Mr. Krastus Winian, 
 and this personality is interesting enough to call for a brief description- 
 Mr. Wiman, who is now (lerhaps about iH, was born at tho obscure villiigo 
 of Chnrchville, in Peel County, Ontario, and his firat commercial enterprise 
 was setting type in the prinfing-otlice of his uncle's newspaper at one do lar 
 per week. From print r ho became reporter, was for awhile on the htalVof 
 the Toronto (Hole, bccime a clerk w the Toronto branch of the New York 
 Mercantile Agency (or Trade Protection Society as it would bo called in 
 England) of K. (!. Dix Sl Co., advanced from there to the control ol its 
 whole Canadian business in Montreal, and shortly afterwards was oflered 
 simultanaously a (iovernment post at a salary of £100 a year with a pros- 
 pective i)ension, and a salary of £2,000 in gold in the head ottico of the same 
 establishment in New York. It is needless to add which bo accepted. For 
 years now he has been the managing part ler, receiving a salary probably 
 no less than that of tho President of the U.iited States, and wielding an in- 
 fluence which many Prinuj Ministers mi-^.u^ envy. An idea of tho extent of 
 the operations of tho firm of li, G. Dun and Co.— which is really only an- 
 other name for Mr. Erastus Wiman— at the present time may be galhend 
 from the fact that they use daily no fowter than eight hundred type-writing 
 machines. Mr. Wiman has revolutionized Staten Island, the 'Isle of 
 Wight,' in New York harbor; he is the i)re8ident of the (treat Northwestern 
 Telegraph Company of Canada, which is one of the toutacles of that gigan- 
 
 tic mono] 
 
 [Mr. Jay ( 
 
 l])rises in 
 
 lor le^s «le 
 
 iWimau c 
 
 I with llu' 
 
 : <l((»>s wlia 
 
 morning, 
 
 and in th 
 
 !^ always a: 
 
 I fact, hi-' 
 
 I in one ui 
 
 ! tion to e; 
 
 4 mercial V 
 
 ly coined 
 
 very likt 
 
 My firf 
 
 I took plac 
 
 which a 
 
 ■' ]iresidenl 
 
 Jubilee c 
 
 words, b 
 
 it familii 
 
 First, 1 
 
 between 
 
 one bli»\\ 
 
 <<)untrief 
 
 jdaco tlu 
 
 national 
 
 <M)iisnlar 
 
 the Fish 
 
 •:■ would b( 
 
 ;' iiort his 
 
 'i 
 
 ■\ consume 
 
 I perenuiii 
 
 _| ist is ah' 
 
 ■I upon his 
 
 I that the 
 
 I into fou 
 
 I time ]>r< 
 
 and Ne' 
 
 . Pennsyl 
 '■ and Dal 
 
 , The nat 
 tweou tl 
 
 "l per port 
 
 ! fact tha 
 
COMMEHCIAL CMOS Wl 111 CASAlKl. 
 
 >»ny to sliow 
 "I tlio Ciiin- 
 N.Vet little or 
 '1 liist tlitMim 
 I tlaily impcr 
 ■oriti' siilijcft 
 
 I'lM fll'i" Ix-ill)^ 
 
 <l wjiciidy its 
 <'()ii(idi!iit of 
 Hiiprrnutiinil 
 ill St.,Ioiiii, 
 I Canaila did 
 to (ilohf and 
 ivtMted friPin 
 iKth of tlieir 
 the ceiitro of 
 ) iiiuii I have 
 
 coiicliiHivo 
 
 1 Union Nuid 
 11 lose it; if 
 
 II it;' ami iu 
 avo (lt5l)ated 
 eiiiji adviTue 
 
 itorvvoven at 
 «tus Wiinan, 
 ' description- 
 HCiiro villa>;o 
 al cntorpriso 
 xt one do lar 
 I tlio htallof 
 B Now York 
 bo callod in 
 ontrol of it» 
 was olVi'ied 
 kvitli a pros- 
 of tlio same 
 eptod. I or 
 ry probably 
 \i\h\fr an ill- 
 he extent of 
 lly only nn- 
 1)0 gatherfd 
 ypo- writing 
 ho ' JhIo of 
 jrthweKtern 
 that gigan- 
 
 11 ic monopolist octopus, till' Western I'nion Telegrajdi Company, of which 
 'Mr. Jay (ioiilil is the heart ; and the other coniiiioreial and tinancial enter. 
 [jiriseH in wliieh ho is largely intttreMteil, and whi(;h ho controls to a gnsator 
 for less degree, would till half a ('(diimii of a newspaper to eniimerato. Mr, 
 [AN'iinan coinliiin's tint solid biitis of th)) I'Inglish and (,'anadian charactur 
 with the iiiinuMise energy and l>readth<tf view of the typical American. He 
 does what most |)ei)ple wouhl ((uisidor a day's work before breakfast in the 
 morning, and his name meetHyou every wheio — iu the eolumiisof neMs]>apei'H 
 and in the pagtts of reviews, as well Ub in the clubs and on the platform, and 
 always as iin cnthnsiastic and almost n'sistless advocate of his pet itlea. In 
 fact, his whole lifii outside his daily business may le truly said to be spent 
 in one iini easing elVorl to induce tilt! cuiintries of his biith and of his adop- 
 tion to exchange what a sarcastic rhyinoster has described as* the sly coni- 
 nnrcial kiss.' ilo must be ilin very man f)r whom the jdirase was original- 
 ly coinctl that 'when he pulls, Koim^thing has to give.' This time it will 
 very likely be two nations." 
 
 My first conversatio.i with him upon the subject of Commercinl I'nion 
 
 took place across the diuiier t iblo iu tin* Canadian Club of Now York, of 
 
 which Hike most oth«r things with which he has to do) Mr. Wiman is 
 
 ^jiresident. He was jiresident and promoter, by the way, of the recent 
 
 iJnbileo celebrations in New York. 1 will not attempt t ) reproduce his own 
 
 ^words, but only to summari/e his brief for Commorcial Inion, as he has made 
 
 |it familial to everybody iu Canada. 
 
 J I'irst, then, what is Cimiiuercial I'nion ? It is simply absoln'e free trade 
 Mlietween the I'liited States and Canada, or put concrete . , the removal at 
 j#<)iu) blow of the line of custom houses ;$,0()() miles long, separating the two 
 i«'ountri«'S. .Second, what would be the advantages of the step T In the first 
 ]dace the abolition of the custom houses would bo an onormons saving of 
 national expense, to which woulil bo added the abcdition of the American 
 coii.sular service throughout Canada. To continue in an ascending scale, 
 the Fisheries (^uesticm would be settled for ever, for the fishing grounds 
 would be o]»en to Ameri(!an and ("anadian alike, the Canadian would ox- 
 port his lish into the I'liiled States free of duty, and thus both providers and 
 consumers would be alik(5 be fitted, and thrco countries relieverl from a 
 perennial and irritatingjiuzzle. Next, the argnuu>ntof theCommorcial I'nion- 
 ist is always stated in this way. Kviiry one of tluun has a huge map hanging 
 upon his wall, and seizing a jiDinter, ho says : " Look at this.'' Then ho shows 
 that the two couiitr es, disri'garding the liiu? of demarcation, aro divided 
 into four blocks running North and South, the first consisting of the mari- 
 tiino jirovinces (New IJninswick, Nova Si;otia, and Prince Edward Island) 
 and New England ; Ontario and tinoboc together with Now York and 
 I'ennsylvania ; Manitoba and the North-West Territories with Minnesota 
 nud Dakota; and British Columbia with the States on the Pacific coast. 
 TJio natural course of trade, they i)rocced to say, runs North and South be- 
 tween the inhabitants of these blooks, not East and West between the up- 
 per portions of them. Hetween the maritime provinces and Ontario it is a 
 fact that there is very little trade ; between Ontario and Manitoba there is, 
 
6 
 
 .-i.v ESGiJsii in: If or 
 
 of cour.sp. tnulc, Imt Manitoba would KroaMy i)rcfor to trade along tho 
 natural route witli tlio American StattH ailJoiniiiK lier ; liotween British 
 C(tlumbia and the rest of the Dominion thoro in siarcoly any natural trade 
 at all. 
 
 Mut what are tho more spocitic advanta^'-H which tho schenio oflVrst To 
 tho I'nited Stati'H Canada otlcrs an ana actually larger than tlu'ir own, 
 and, aUhounh much oCtiiiH is inhospitaltlc and barren, tho wIieatj,'rowing 
 zono ofCiinada is actually more extensive than that of the Tnited States. 
 In the urcat North-west thtMO arc ;i7."«,()(>(i,()0(l acres of wheat land still to be 
 cultivated. She otVers ."),."iOO milesofthe best tishiiijc coiists in tlio world, 
 and coasts, it UiUst be remembered, mean bait, and bait means profitable 
 fishing. The forests of the rnitcd States, again, will be exhausted in 
 25 years. Canada ofl'crs an enormous area containing <i(» dilVcreiit kinds of 
 timber. In 8i)iteof tho duty on cctal, :!(M),U(M) tons are aiimially exported 
 from tho west of Canada to San Frnncisco, untl it is daimsd that Canada 
 oflVrs 10,(Hl(> s(|uaie miles of coal country for develoiMiient. Vast Mineral 
 wealth also Canada nii(h)ul)tedly possesses, and of the fertilizing pho»- 
 ^hates so ncccsHury to agricnlluro nowadays, there is an enormous sup- 
 ply 01' "e north shorn of Lake Superior. i.'.">,(l(i() tons of which were already 
 exi during 188r>. In a word, Canada, in the persons of the (,'onimer- 
 
 cin' lists, stands at tho border inviting American wealth and American 
 
 en .^y lo lier boundless possessions in forest, ocean, hold, and mine. 
 
 " She is rich by nature," snys Mr. Wiinan, " but poor by ])olicy," and th<i 
 bargain will be one in which both sides will get the best of it, for it would 
 be no less advant.igeous to the United States to aid in tho dev(dopment of 
 all these things than to Canada to have them developed. The farmer, and 
 all who supply natuial products, would have a vast market in the money- 
 spending States ; American manufacturers would have a vast market in 
 Canada, and because of the alnindance of raw niati^rial, tho supplies of 
 power, and the cheapness of labor, many manufacturers could be cariied on 
 with greater advantage in Canada than across tho border. This part of the 
 Commercial Unionist view might bo described to ,'iny length, but finally 
 there is the abstract though strong reason that it is contrary to the laws of 
 nature and human intercourse that two people side by side, each producing 
 what the other needs, should not trade freely and fraternally, but that tho 
 farmer in the province of Quebec should be forbidden to exchange a bag of 
 potatoes with his fellow-farmer in Maine across the rail fence which is all 
 that divides them, and the wheat grower in Manitoba bo prohibited from 
 selling his crop and buying his supplies in Dakota because of the line of 
 demarcation between them evolved out of the inner consciousness of an as- 
 tronomer. In a word, the arguments ar.i simply the old irresistible ones of 
 free trade so familiar in England, for, as a Philadelphia paper admitted tho 
 other day, " tho objection that lies against trade with Canada lies equally 
 against trade between Ohio and Kentucky and between Pennsylvania and 
 New York." And so long ago as 1871, an ofticial report called for by tho 
 Secretary of the United States Treasury, in compliance with a joint resolu- 
 tion of Congress, declared that the reason why the provinces of the Dominion 
 
 were comj 
 and the cc 
 
 their isola 
 
 wliidi the 
 
 their natii 
 
 hut who i 
 
 which ha' 
 
 "What C 
 
 mikuowu 
 
 follow lilt 
 
 Commeri' 
 
 the liorde 
 
 beyiiid." 
 
 which ki 
 
 seat id' tl 
 
 scat of c.i: 
 
 iiiouH are 
 
 jieiitleiict' 
 
 Ibiston o 
 
 greater t 
 
 looks upi 
 
 raise a ht 
 
 my iiaint 
 
 second i 
 
 the grea 
 
 my own 
 
 desire o 
 
along tho 
 'II liriliah 
 lira I tnido 
 
 VciB T To 
 
 li«'ir own, 
 
 t-fjiowing 
 
 <1 St:itf8. 
 
 Hi ill U) 1)0 
 
 lio world, 
 
 piolitalil*) 
 
 iiiiNfiMl in 
 
 t kinds of 
 
 I'xported 
 
 t Canada 
 
 Ht Mineral 
 
 zing i)lio»- 
 
 111(1118 sup- 
 
 ero alroadj 
 
 Conimer- 
 
 il American 
 
 lino. 
 
 y," and tlio 
 or it would 
 'lopnient of 
 arnier, and 
 tlio nioney- 
 ; market in 
 Hiipplios of 
 ) canied on 
 part of the 
 but finally 
 the laws of 
 I producing 
 lit that tho 
 go a bag of 
 rbich in all 
 ibitod from 
 the line o€ 
 8s of an as- 
 blo ones of 
 mitted tho 
 ies equally 
 Ivania and 
 for by the 
 lint resohi- 
 ) Dominion: 
 
 VOMMliUCIAL CMOS Willi CAS ADA. f 
 
 • 
 
 wore rowiparativoly ho Hparsoly populated and ho behind-Ii;ind in wealth 
 and tlio riiri't-.spondiiig uctivitioH of induHtrios was " i learly to be traced to 
 thfir iscdaliiin frnni the friMt iutenhango of activitioH in a comiiiorcial way 
 which the rent of the Anglo-Saxon coiniiiunilios of America have Hocurod i)y 
 their national eonfcileration." Mr. Wiinaii, who is not an original thinker, 
 liiit \\ lio iH able t» po|iulari/.e witli extraordinary insight and \ igor idcait 
 which have taken root in his mind, grown really elo(|iiont over the proHpect. 
 " What (.'oluinbiiN, Cabot, and Cartier did," he Haid, ''sviicn ihey liraved fh« 
 nnkiKiwu Mean to <liscovi;r new world-t, ami beckoned (o whole ]ie()|ileH to 
 follow them to illimitable progress and prospitrity, that, in our degree, wo 
 i'oninicrcial I'nionists do to-day, when we st;ind here and jioiiit you over 
 the liorder to the commercial po.HHibilitioH and c(insc(|uent liappincNs that lio 
 beyond." " Canada," ho exclaimed to me, "has a m.inufactiiring jiower 
 which knocks this people out of sight." "Lower (anaHa is the natural 
 Heat (if the manhood of Amt'ri(;a. (Quebec to-day .should be sitting at ttie 
 Hoat of custom of the world." " Oik? Htaggers at the thought of the enor- 
 mous ;\n:i eonfrolled liy (^U(0»oc and Montreal. If the Ilcclaratioii of Inile- 
 l>endenc(! had not htojiped nhort, these towns would be the New Vork iind 
 Hoston (d' to-day." " I man. tain that the natnr'l resources of Canada are 
 greater than of any country in the world." " Montreal (tliis with a laugh) 
 looks upon mo as a traitor and a niiegade, but I am her Iriend, and she will 
 raise a htatue to me yet !" "Teophi say I am a vain man and eager to see 
 my name in tho newspapern. I'robably the (irst is true, and certainly tho 
 Hecond is. Why should I pretend that I would not like to be considered 
 the great benefactor of my own country T I have made my fortune and have 
 my own position, and I do not hesitate to say to you or anybody that th(( 
 dtsiro of my life is to have my name go down to jtDStcrity witli what I 
 know will be the greatest coniiuercial blcHsing Caniida ever received. 
 'America,' says Emerson, 'is another name for opportunity,' and opportunity 
 is another n.'imo for Cmnmercial I'nion.'' 
 
 The objections to Commercial Union I shall hear plenty of when I get 
 among tho members of tho (Jovernment in a few days. In tho meantime 
 Mr. Wiinan claims that Commercial Union umpiestionaldy has the favor- 
 able and hearty support of I'rosident Cleveland and his Cabinet, and Mr, 
 Chamberlain's strange lack of diphmiatic reserve has already had the dis- 
 tinct eflect of winning supporters to the course which ho publicity 
 disapproved. Tho Toronto Mail has reminded Canadians of Tom Paine'* 
 saying, that it was a niiserablo thing to see several millions of people 
 running down to the wharf every time an English ship landed in the 
 American colonies, to sec what measure of freedom they might enjoy, and 
 added that it is equally so to see five millions of Canadians deprived of any 
 real voice in the settlement of what is a matter of vital conP""uonce to 
 themselves while tho arbiter of their fate discourses of his intenti^.n with 
 regard to them to a mob of reporters collected iu a Washiugton hotel. 
 When Mr. Chamberlain proclaimed there,4n the now famous "whisky and 
 Apollinaris " interview, the Imperial intention to impose a veto on what 
 may prove to be the desire of the majority of tho majority of the Canadian 
 
 ^BOVWCIAL UBHAH^ 
 
 VICTORU. E. C 
 
8 Ay r:.\<il.lSU VIEW OF 
 
 ]i(>(>]i1(*, llii'ii, iiM I'l-iilcssor (inldwiii 8iiiitl> Hiiyi*, "Caiinda ih inatlu to 1V<-I 
 biT»«-ira (lf|niiilt iic.v imlffil." 
 
 Ill (aiiailii I'rntcsMir (liilihvin Siiiitli iircii|ri'.s a pofilioii wiilely ilinVmit 
 liiitli ill li'iiiiiiii' ami ill iiiliiK-iici- t'ltnii lliiit wliii li lie occaHloiially tills in tlin 
 ciiliiiiiiiH <)| till- Timii. IIh livc.H ill till' tililcnt litick hoiiMt Imt oiih in 
 'roroiito, !i Ion;; low (till I'.iNliiiinci. strintiirK htamliii); in itH own ^roiiinlM 
 iiinl mill) I itH (n\ n titM.s, liko an I'li^flixli lionn-, and iiioni ri-mnililin;; in itn 
 i|iiict di;;nity anil l-.n^linli niiiilmt tli« tlir«>e Iihiiiih nf tlio I'liitiMl Statt'g — 
 C'raii-ii" llinisc, wIi'Tc l/inyt'i-llnw 11 veil, jliniwooil, Mr. I.owcll'rt ri'NidiiK^i', 
 and Sliiidy Hill, rnit'> ssnr Nurlnn's lioinc, all at ( 'iiinlirid^i', in MasMailiii- 
 settH — than aiiv idact' I liavcMMii in tli<' I'nitt'd HtutvH ur Canada. At tliu 
 (Jranj;!' till' viiy ti'lt'iilmiiti SIM ins an iiitriidrr, and as ProI'd-H-or Smith (fur 
 HO lilt is calh'd ill 'runinto) walks loiiinl a . '^i< liilliard taWlc in tlio iiiidi!i» 
 of his llliiary, or Npn'adK out Mi<> im>vitalilo ('oinnioiciul lIiiloniNt ma]i n|ioii 
 it, it is dilliinll to lM'lii'V«> 'iin' is not l^ick^wit'i liiin in old da.\s at Oxloril. 
 To apprnai'li liiin '.» i!!i tlii< won's •• Coiiiiin'rcial Inion'' on oiif's lijm is to 
 l)« Miiir, itany aMsiiianci* wcio I'ct'dcd, of a (•«)iirti'oii« rci'e|)tlon, nnd lio 
 lii';;iiis witli tint iii:ip ai'i;miiiMit ii:id tli«< otlnrs wliirli I liavo tried to Hkt-tcli 
 above Hut III' li:;^ moro silii/iaily it'iisoiis iicriiliar to liiniHidf. " 1 have 
 always Indd,"' lits s;iid, •• that Kn^liind must look forward to th« timo wIumi 
 slitt iniist i-caM- to iiitiMlrri' with tlio iiil Tinil iiolitirs of this conntry, and 
 li« ( iiiilcnl with its IrirmUliip. Savin;; the poliliial division and the liscal 
 lint', Canada and the United Slates are in u eomplete Htat«i of fusion. Why, 
 ('\eii all our winter ports are in th«< I'nite I .SiateH ! .\iid what is the condi- 
 tion we are in ? The Interenhiniiil ifaiiway eost $l(),(l()0,ti(M), ami will room 
 lit« ali.'tiidoiied. The iit ti'mjil had lieeii made tu elaiiip our diverse territiiritvs 
 to^rether hy a political railway which will koou ho in the ]iusitioii of iho 
 Intercolonial. < >iir (idvcrnmcnt is only held to;;ether hy ,i system of 
 liril'cry, tiie result of which has liecn to satiirate iis with corruption. Hut 
 yon may depend iipdii it the attempt to hold to;;)'tlier tliiiM tlio fovir blocks 
 of territory into which the nniiiinion is dividiMl is a despt;rat(^ affair. 'I'o 
 force lis to iiiaiiiifactiire for oiiistlM's is jireposterons. To liegin with, we 
 liavc no coal, so we are in the pretty pli;;lit of first having; taxes levied 
 ii]tiiii lis to make iis niaiiiifactiire, ;ind then having; taxoH levied upon coal 
 to make us ;;et our coals to do it with in Nova Sc(»tia." 
 
 " Von ask me what will he the result of Commercial Union upon the 
 political relations of the jinminion and the mother conntry t Well, I 
 never conceal my helief that, althou;;!i the iminodiate results nobody can 
 foresee, the ultimate result w ill bo polit ical union, and Kn;;Iand niiiRt he 
 content with our friciidshi|». To try to connect U8 with Knj;land and 
 detach this country from the I'liited States, is an liojielcsa and as foolish 
 at* it would be to try to connect Scotland with the United States and 
 detach her from Kngland. Kngland's position to day is this; she can play 
 one of two ^ames ; either follow out the Tory ideal, and tteparato Canada 
 permanently fnnu Enj;land hy trying; to wrest a portion of this continent 
 from Democracy ; or seco.id, she can recognize and renew her family rel- 
 
undo to fi-el 
 
 COMMEIiCIAL L'SW\ WITH CAS AD A. 
 
 ly <lill'«T»'iit 
 y lilU ill tlin 
 
 I'lit (IIII4 ill 
 vii >,'ii»iiii(Im 
 l>liii« ill its 
 I I'd Stati'8— 
 H r<'Ni(lt'ii(;p, 
 
 MiiNSiii Ini- 
 tlii. At tho 
 
 SiiiiJli (for 
 
 tlio iiiiiliiio 
 
 t iiiiip iipiiii 
 
 f< .'It nxforii. 
 
 k-'m l||m ii to 
 
 ion. aiitl lin 
 
 •il III Hkftcll 
 
 I. "I liavo 
 •' tiiiin when 
 "lint IV. jiiid 
 
 III tlltt liNCIll 
 IMJon. Wliy, 
 is IliH riiihli- 
 nil will Hdon 
 >« tnrrit<iri«s 
 litiiiii of I ho 
 
 I NV.steill (tf 
 
 ip<i<>ii. Kilt 
 ' four lilocki 
 > iiflair. To 
 in wilh, wo 
 taxes levieil 
 <! ii^ioii coal 
 
 n upon tho 
 rt Well, I 
 nolioily can 
 .nd niuRt hn 
 tigland and 
 1 a.s fdoliNli 
 States and 
 he can play 
 a to Canada 
 H continent 
 faniily rol' 
 
 tionH, dn.Hlroyed and vnildttpred a century a;;o, w itli tho wliole of thin con- 
 tinont liy nenoroiis and friendly action towardn Canada now. Tiiroiixh ii» 
 hIio can win hack tlio atVoetion of llio I'nitod Statt-H. Ah for the cry of 
 lilinloyaUy that Ih raiHt'd, the protected inuniifactiirerH here have bccnspi/fd 
 ivith a HpaHHi of loyalty. They cannot hear, they tell yon, with toarn ia 
 ItheiroycH, unytliiiiK savoring of dim^iiiiiination nfjjaiiiHt KiiKland, but they 
 |will exclude Kiijjlish Koods by tlieir iiotectivo dutiea readily enou>,'h, and 
 they ore always running back to Ottawa to have those duties raised. 
 I'oliticians, it is true, have means of theirown of dolayinj.{ this Conimercial 
 'nion niovenient, but if miscarries as a commercial movemunt, .1 /III 
 certainly bo bnrn again as a political movement, and then will be seen Iwiw 
 Icomplele'y vve are bound up with our continent." " The protected ind'i'iti'ea 
 are ho strong, the (Joverniiieiit is ko bound to them, and the C. !'. li. to 
 both, that I should jiot wonder if they did make it misiarry for t'o iiresent ; 
 but it will lie for th' ir (• St. 'I'lio Canadian Ministers believe that if they 
 I take a Orm stand Knglaml will back tiiem ii]i. What I want to see is soii:o 
 [open mindcii .talesman come over here ami see things for himself, for uoth- 
 ing is really know-n of us from our statesmen who go to England, and 
 I (iovernors (General live necessarily in a fool's paradise. I myself look at the 
 (|uestion inevitably I'roin an Knglish point of view. I lived tnere too h.i'g 
 and left it too late to have any other, but I have not the shadow of a doubt 
 that the right course for Knglaud is to withdraw politically and retain the 
 great ini<triiments of inlluencit which lie in language, literature, and com- 
 mon history, and by resigning a political connection \Thich is worth nothing, 
 come into relations of grateful atTcction with all her children oa this side, 
 that would prove of infinite value tu il:e future of civili/atiou." 
 
 To round off this outline of tho Commercial Union idea, one other point 
 must be mentionod, vi/,.: tho obvious difllciilty of arranging a common tariiT 
 for Canada and tho United States when the custom-houses are swept away. 
 That five millions of people should have any more than a consulting voice 
 in tho settlement of the tariff of sixty million is not to be thought of, and 
 therefore Commercial Union would mean that the Canadian tariff should 
 bo decided practically by American statesmen, and that some equitable 
 arrangement should bo made for supplying a proportionate revenue to 
 Canada. This difliculty, although probably not insuperable, presses upon 
 many people, and within tho past few weeks an attempt has been made to 
 overcome it by the suggestion of unrest.icted reciprocity (which, indeed, 
 was what would have ucen the result of the passing of the original measure 
 introduced into Congress by Mr. Biitterworth, of Ohio, and laid on the 
 table), that is, to provide by law that there shall be an absolutely free 
 interchange of American and Canadian goods of all descriptions, but still 
 keep the lino of custom-houses, thus enabling Canada and the United States 
 to hivo a varying or any taritf against goods coming directly to them from 
 any other countries. This is a suggestion of Mr. J. D. Kdgyr, M. P., who 
 has advocated it in three open letters to Mr. Wimau, anil Mr. Wiman has 
 said in reply that " indeed almost everything that Commercial Union in ita 
 fullest sense could accomplish would be achieved by this plan." 
 
 f 
 
to 
 
 COMMFAWIAL UM<)\ WITir CANADA. 
 
 Finally, as rcjj;aril8 the elTcct of Coinmcrcial Union upon England, Mr. 
 Winian, Professor (inldwin Sniitli, ami tiio other Coniinercial Unionists 
 mike several roniaikt. First, they say tliut in ease the Canadian and 
 United States tarilfs should be pooled, tlie former would he slightly rais-od, 
 aud it is certain that the latter, as is its natural tendency, would bo lowered, 
 and that tlu) lowering of a tariff liehiiul whi(!h are 00,0011,01)0 of people 
 woulil be a greiiter gain to I'.iiglish uiauufaeturers than the raisiiijj of a 
 tarilV b(diiud v.hieh are only r),000,U(iii would bo a loss. Second, thoy point 
 out thit the condition of Canada is lamentable compar.nl with the pros- 
 perity of her greit iu'iglibi)r. Siie ha? an enormous aiul increasing debt, 
 her jtopnla'iou is not rii]iiiily iuerea^iitg, and there is an *■ exodn.s " of her 
 poimiation into the Unite I Si:ates ol' an alarming character. \ow, wiany 
 millions of English money are insisted in Canada, and if this, princii)al and 
 interest, is t) be re]iaid, a change must come over the linanees of the 
 Dominion. Tliiid. that political dL-^ccMteut is the inevitable accompani- 
 
 s;i_ss Mr. Wiman, at any rate, 
 
 meiit of ('(imiiiiTcial diseor.lent. Thereft 
 
 nn 
 
 der Commercial I iiioii, ( 'anada will Ik^ niort" loyal and more thoroughly 
 
 <'ontentei 
 
 with 
 
 ilish connection than slu^ has ever b 
 
 before. Lastilv, 
 
 le adds, 
 
 tliey talk about the injury it wimld do to the Ijiglish mannfac- 
 tnrers. These do ,f|O,(i(i().()i)0 of trade with Canada, S,ip))osing they make 
 ten percent. ]U(ifit. that ii .f 1,000,000. Supposing, again, that Commercial 
 Union dejirives them of hiilf their ])rolits. 1 should like to ask if the com- 
 mercial i)ro;;ress and jirosperity (pf the whole Canadian peo]ile is to be 
 hampered forfeiir that I'.nglish maiuifacturers should lo^e £100,000 a yearf 
 And all Conmu-icial Unionists i>oint with glee to Mr, Chamberlain's remiirk 
 just before he left England— '■ If Ciinada wants i'vvi^ tradi! with the United 
 States, she e;ni line it." It was not what ho meant, but they have taken 
 liini lit his word.