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 IFrom the Quarterly Joitrnal of the Geological Society for 
 
 May 1896, Vol. lii.] 
 
 On some PoDOPHinALMATOUs Crustacea from the Cretaceops 
 Formation of Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands. 
 By Henry Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S. 
 
 Some time since I received from my friend Mr. J. F. Whiteaves, 
 F.G.S., PalsDontologist to the Geological Survey of Canada, several 
 interesting crustaceans from the Cretaceous coal-bearing formation 
 of Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands, and, as they offer a close 
 affinity VT^ith forms from our own Gault and Greensand, they are 
 deserving of special notice. 
 
 The existence of Cretaceous strata in Canada has long been 
 known, and the coal-fields of Nanaimo and Comox on Vancouver 
 Island have been correlated with this formation as well as those 
 of Queen Charlotte Island and Alberta, eastward of the Rocky 
 Mountains. 
 
 Mr. F. B. Meek in 1857 gave a description of new organic 
 remains from the Cretaceous of Vancouver Island, including Bacu- 
 lites ovatus ? Say ; Ammonites (ScapJiites) ramosus^ A. Newherryanus, 
 Dentalium nanaimoensis, Thracia{^.) occidentalis, Thr.(2) subtrun- 
 cata, Trigonia Evansana, Pholadomya suhelongata. Ph. (Goniomya) 
 borealis, Cardium scitulum, Area vancouverensis, A. {Cuculltxa) a>qui- 
 lateralis, and Nucula Trashana. Dr. B. F. Shumard in 1858 added 
 Inoceramus vancouverensis, Pinna calamitoides, and Pyrula glabra 
 to the Nanaimo fauna. 
 
 In Prof. H. Y. Hind's * Report on the Assiniboine and Sas- 
 katchewan Expedition ' (1859) further lists of fossils are given, 13 
 in number, all referred to Cretaceous forms, namely : — 
 
 Anomia Flemingii. 
 Inoceramus canadensis. 
 Avicula linguaformis, E. & S. 
 
 nehrascaiui, E. & S. 
 
 Leda Evansi, Hall & Meek. 
 Rostellaria amerkana, E. & S. 
 Natica obliquaia. Hall & Meek. 
 
 Leda Hindi, Meek. 
 Avellana concinna, II. & M. 
 Ammonites placenta, Dekay. 
 Scaphites nndosus, Owen, var. 
 
 Conradi, Morton. 
 
 Nautilus Dekayi, Morton. 
 
 In 1861 Dr. (now Sir) James Hector instituted a comparison 
 between the strata east of the Rocky Mountains with those of 
 Vancouver Island (Capt. Palliser's Exploring Expedition, 1857-60).' 
 The list of Cretaceous fossils contributed by Mr. Etheridge from 
 east of the Rocky Mountains comprised : — 
 
 Ostrea anomiceformis. 
 
 luguhris, Conrad. 
 
 cortex, Conrad. 
 
 vellicata, Conrad. 
 
 Astarte texana, Conrad. 
 Cardium multhtriatum, Shumard. 
 Cytherea texana, Conrad. 
 Pholadomya occidentalism Morton. 
 Baculites compressus, Say. 
 
 * Inoceramus Crippsii, Roemer & C . 
 Leda Hindi, Meek. 
 
 * Inoceramus Crippsii (Roemer) and Baculites compressus (Say) are stated to 
 be common to the Cretaceous rocks of the plains and of Vancouver Islaud ; 
 while of the whole 18 species no less than 13 are identified with Texan or 
 Mexican species. 
 
 » Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xvii. (1861) pp. 388-445. 
 
222 DR. n. WOODWABD ON CRETACEOUS PODOPHTHALMATA [May 1 896, 
 
 Those from Nanaimo, Coraox, or Valdez Inlet are : — 
 
 Iiwceramu^ texanus, Conrad. 
 
 nebrajveitsis, Owen. 
 
 undulatoplicatus, Eoemer. 
 
 confertim anmUatus, Roemer. 
 
 Inoceramns mytiloidcs, Conrad. 
 Triffonia Kmoryi, Conrad. 
 Cytherea honensis, Coni-ad. 
 Ammonites gcniculatus, Conrad. 
 
 In 18G1 Mr. Meek (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vol. xiii. p. 314) 
 added to the list of Cretaceous fossils from Vancouver Dosinia 
 tenuis^ from Nanaimo ; Inoceramus sulnmdatus^ Baculites occidentalism 
 Ammonites vancouvereiisis, and Nautilus CamphelU, from Comox ; 
 Ammonites complext(s, var. suciensis, from Comox and the Sucia 
 Islands ; and Baculites inomatus, from the Sucia Islands. 
 
 In 1864 Mr. W. Gabb, in vol. i. of the ' Paleontology of Cali- 
 fornia,' described and figured two new species of fossil shells, 
 namely : — Hamites vancouverensis and Pecten Traskii from Nanaimo. 
 For an admirable summary of our knowledge of ' the Cretaceous 
 System of Canada,' see the Presidential Address to the Koyal Society 
 of Canada by J. F. Whiteaves, Section iv.. May 23rd, 1893, pp. 3- 
 19 (Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada). 
 
 I find that it is impossible here to give a full list of all the fossils 
 obtained from these beds, and I have omitted the fossils of the 
 upper series of deposits entirely, as also the plant-remains. 
 
 Besides the moUusca, a decapod crustacean (named but not 
 described as Hoploparia or Podocrastes ? duhnenensis) has been 
 recorded from the Niobrara-Benton group of Manitoba — a long- 
 tailed decapod (Palceastacus) from the Pierre Fox Hills or Montana 
 formation, and a beetle, Hylohites vretaceus, Scudder, from the Pierre 
 Shales, Millwood, Manitoba. 
 
 The species of Crustacea now to be noticed comprise : — 
 
 1. Several examples of a small macrurous decapod belonging to 
 the genus Callianassa, met with very frequently in the Faxoe Beds, 
 the Maestricht Chalk, the Greensand of Colin Glen, Belfast : * and 
 also from lower beds (C isochela)^ Kimeridge Clay of the Sub- 
 wealden boring ; and from higher and later ones, namely, Callia- 
 nasm Batei^ Upper Marine Series, Hempstead, Isle of Wight. 
 
 This is a small burrowing crustacean, and is found living at tho 
 present day; usually only the chelae are obtained in dredging, 
 owing to the animal lying in its burrow, and the hands alone pro- 
 truding from the aperture. 
 
 The body- (thoracio-abdominal) segments are nearly soft, owing 
 to the animal's constant habit of lying concealed, only the hands 
 having a hardened calcareous covering. 
 
 ^ CaUianassa veocomiensis, H. Woodw. Brit. Assoc. Eep. (Norwich) 1868, 
 p. 75, pi. ii. fig. 5. 
 
 ^ C. iwchela, H. Woodw. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxii. (1876) p. 47, 
 pi. xxxii. fi^s. 1 2. 
 
 3 C. Batei, H. Woodw. Brit. Assoc. Rep. (Norwich) 1868, p. 74, pi. ii. fig. 4. 
 
Vol. 52.] 
 
 FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 223 
 
 I. MACRURA. 
 
 Tribe Thalassinidea. 
 
 Family Callianassida?. 
 
 Genus Caelianassa, Leach, 1814. 
 
 1. Callianassa Whiteavesii^ sp. nov. (Figs. 1 »fe 2.) 
 
 General integument of body extremely thin, or semimembranous, 
 except the first pair of foot, which are protected by a hard covering. 
 
 Anterior feet (chelipeds) very unequal ; length of larger limb 
 3i) millim. ; breadth 9 millim. ; the dactylus is straight, and is 
 9 millim. long, but the fixed thumb of the propodos is rudimentary 
 and stout, being only half as long as the movable finger. Length 
 of smaller hand about 20 millim. Surface of hands faintly wrinkled. 
 
 There are indications of the 
 segments of the abdomen and Fig. 1. 
 
 of the thin integument with 
 which they were covered, also 
 of the small thoracic legs, but 
 they are too much broken up 
 for detailed description. 
 
 In this species from Van- 
 couver Island the fixed thumb 
 of the propodos is shorter than 
 in any of the species hitherto 
 recorded, and the movable 
 finger (dactylus) is straightcr. 
 
 The species is smaller 
 than that from the Chalk of 
 Dulmen, Westphalia, or from 
 Maestricht, or Belfast. I 
 have designated it Callianassa 
 ^V7liteavesii, in honour of my 
 friend Mr. J. F. Whiteaves, 
 who has done so much for the 
 elucidation of the Cretaceous 
 formation in Canada. 
 
 Original specimens preserved in concretionary nodules of Cre- 
 taceous age from Comox River, Vancouver Island. Collected by 
 Dr. C. F. Newcombe (1892). Museum of the Geological Survey of 
 Canada, Ottawa. 
 
 A nodule from Vancouver Island, in the Geological Society's 
 Museum, contains the remains of the large hands of C<illiaiiassa 
 Wliiteavesii. A second nodule from the same collection contains the 
 carapace of Plagiolophus vaucouvcrensis. 
 
 Fig 2. 
 
224 DR. H, WOODWABD ON CRETACEOUS PODOPBTHALMATA [May 1 896, 
 
 II. BRACHYURA— ANOMALA. 
 Family Homolidse. 
 
 Genus Homolopsis, Bell. 
 
 Carapace longer than broad, quadrilateral ; regions of carapace 
 vorj' distinct ; branchial region large, triangular ; orbits close 
 together, frontal region rather produced ; front subrotund. 
 
 2. Homolopsis Michardsoni, sp. nov. (Fig. 3.) 
 
 This interesting little crab was obtained by Mr. James Eichardson 
 in 1872 from Skidegate Inlet, west of Alliford Bay, Queen Charlotte 
 Island, and is preserved in a hard black limestone-nodule containing 
 plant-remains. Portions of the limbs still remain in their normal 
 position, showing that it was entire when originally buried in the 
 matrix. 
 
 Length of carapace 20 millim., greatest breadth 17 millim. ; 
 breadth of posterior border 14 millim. ; breadth across hepatic 
 region 14 millim. 
 
 The carapace is broadly quadrilateral, but pointed in front ; the 
 branchial regions extend to fully one half the length of the 
 carapace ; they are roughly 
 
 Fig. 3. 
 
 triangular in shape, and 
 nearly meet on the middle 
 line behind the cardiac re- 
 gion ; cardiac region small, 
 shield-shaped, but elevated ; 
 metagastric region marked 
 by two small prominences ; 
 hepatic regions prominent. 
 Two very distinct and almost 
 parallel furrows, the bran- 
 chial furrow and cervical 
 or hepatic furrow, diverge 
 from the sides of the cardiac 
 and metagastric regions 
 
 obliquely forward towards the lateral margins of the carapace. Two 
 deep submedian furrows mark the frontal portion of the cephalo- 
 thorax, reaching to the rostrum, where they converge on the central 
 line. Two small spines (or other appendages) project (as in the 
 genus Latreillia) from the rostrum on either side. 
 
 The hinder border is extremely wide and straight, and suggests 
 the broad margin for the attachment of the tail as in the females of 
 all the Anomala, in which section the abdomen is only partially 
 concealed beneath the cephalothorax. 
 
 The surface of the carapace, which is tumid, is coarsely and 
 irregularly covered with small rounded tubercles, which are larger 
 on the gastric and hepatic regions. 
 
 The walking-legs were evidently long and fairly large, and the 
 chelipeds curved and tubcrculatcd as in Homola. 
 
Vol. 52.] 
 
 FROM BRITl^a COLUMBIA. 
 
 225 
 
 This species has many points of resemblance to Reuss's Prosopon 
 verrucosum, from which, however, it differs in the greater anterior 
 breadth of lleuss's specimen, and in the form of the rostrum and 
 arrangement of the furrows upon the gastric and cardiac regions. 
 Reuss's P. verrucosum should probably be placed in Bell's genus 
 Homolopsis. 
 
 In Homolopsis Edwardsii, Bell, from the Gault of Folkestone, the 
 frontal border is broader and the carapace more quadrate than in 
 the North American form, which is pointed in front ; the anterior 
 half of the carapace in If, Edwardsii is more coarsely ornamented 
 with fewer and larger tubercles, and the arrangement of the lobes 
 differs considerably from that in H. Richardsoni. 
 
 I would refer this specimen to Homolopsis, and dedicate the 
 species to the discoverer, Mr. James Richardson. 
 
 The specimen is from the Museum of the Geological Survey of 
 Canada, Ottawa. 
 
 Legion Oxystomata. 
 
 Family Corystidae. 
 
 Genus Pal^ocortstes, Bell. 
 
 In this genus the carapace is longer than broad, flattish, becoming 
 narrower gradually towards the posterior border, rostrum short, 
 latero-anterior border dentated. Orbits moderately broad, with 
 two fissures. 
 
 The carapace in all the species of this genus at present known is 
 similar to that of the masked crab, Corystes, now living on our 
 English coasts. 
 
 3. Palceocorystes Harveyi, sp. nov. (Fig. 4, p. 226.) 
 
 The genus Palceocorystes, to which I have referred two of the 
 specimens sent to me by Mr. Whiteaves, is well represented in the 
 Gault, Greensand, Chalk, and Eocene. 
 
 Thus we have : — 
 
 Palaocan/stes Broderipii, Mantell, sp. ; Gault, Folkestone. 
 
 Stokesii, Mantell, sp. ; Gault and Greensand, Cambridge and 
 
 Folkestone. 
 
 iVormaww, Bell ; Chalk Marl, Isle of Wight. 
 
 Miilleri, Bink ; Upper Chalk, Maestricht. 
 
 Callia7iassarum, Fritsch ; Chalk, Bohemia, 
 
 isericus, Fritsch ; Chalk, Bohemia. 
 
 glabra, H. W. ; Lower Eocene, Portsmouth. 
 
 Eucorystes Carteri, M'Coy ; Greensand, Cambridge. 
 
 Both the specimens from Canada are imperfect. One of them 
 (No. 2) shows the anterior upper surface of the carapace, the other 
 (No. 3) the posterior upper surface. From these we are able to 
 make the following diagnosis : — 
 
 Specific characters. Length of carapace 35 millim., from the 
 rostrum to the broken posterior border (to this we must probably 
 
226 DR. n. WOODWARD ON CRETACEOUS PODOPHTHALMATA [May 1 896, 
 
 Fig. 4. 
 
 add 15 millim. more, making the total length from the rostrum 
 to the posterior border of the cara- 
 pace 50 millim.) ; greatest breadth 
 across the hepatic region 37 millim. 
 
 (No. 2 was collected by Mr. W. 
 Harvey, Comox River, Vancouver 
 Island, 1892; No. 3 by Dr. C. F. 
 Newcombo.) 
 
 Carapace smooth and gently convex 
 in front, and very finely and minutely 
 granulated. Latero-anterior border 
 armed with four serrations on each 
 side, frontal border marked by one 
 prominent and one smaller tooth on 
 either side of the small oifid rostrum, 
 while two fissures mark the margin 
 of each orbit. Under surface of 
 carapace not exposed. 
 
 The regions of the carapace are 
 very indistinct ; two slightly divergent raised lines about 5 millim. 
 in length mark the frontal region just behind the rostrum, and 
 there is a faint ridge down the centre of the carapace. A small 
 tubercle on either side, behind the frontal region, marks the 
 epigastric lobe. A faint curved and bifurcating line separates the 
 gastric from the cardiac regions, while two slightly rugose and 
 incised lines curve outward and forward from the central cardiac 
 region, marking the limits of the branchial region on either side. 
 
 Of the several species of Palccocwystes known, the present form, 
 "which I have ventured to call F. Harveyi after its discoverer, 
 approaches most nearly to P. Broderipii from the Gault of Folke- 
 stone, but is probably one-third larger. The latero-anterior border 
 of the former (P. Harveyi) has four spines on each side, whilst 
 P. Broderipii has only two. The orbital regions difier in form, as 
 well as the markings on the regions of the carapace. 
 
 We must await more complete materials before attempting a 
 fuller and more careful description ; meantime it is interesting to 
 meet with a species from so distant a locality which apppoaches so 
 nearly to our own Gault species P. Broderipii. 
 
 Formation. — Cretaceous. Localities. — Hornby Island (No. 2); 
 and Comox River, Vancouver Island (No. 3). 
 
 No. 2 belongs to the Provincial Museum, Victoria, Vancouver 
 Island ; No. 3 belongs to the Geological Survey of Canada. 
 
 Legion Ctclometopa. 
 
 Family Cancridae. 
 
 Genus Plagiolophus, Bell. 
 
 In this genus the carapace is transversely ovate, the regions of 
 the cephalothorax arc distinctly marked, front somewhat prominent, 
 
Vol. 52.] PROM BRITIsn COLTTMBIA. 227 
 
 the oyos subdistant, superior border of the orbits with two fis- 
 sures, etc. 
 
 4. Plaglolophus vancouverens'is, sp. nov. (Figs. 5 & 0.) 
 
 This crab is represented by four specimens, throe of which I 
 received from Mr. Whiteaves, and the remaining one is preserved in 
 the Museum of the Geological Society. 
 
 The carapaces vary in size from : — 
 
 Milliniptres 
 
 long. brood. 
 
 1. Geological Society's specimen 22 28 
 
 2. From Comox lliver, Vancouver Island 
 
 (fig. 5) 20 25 
 
 3. N.W. side, Hornby Island 16 20 
 
 4. N.W. side, Hornby Island (fig. G) . . 10 13 
 
 No. 1 and No. 2 are | broader than long, No. 3 is l^, and No. 4 
 is 5 broader than long. 
 
 The frontal border is straight ; the rostrum is bifid, with two 
 small rounded elevations divided by a groove ; the orbital region is 
 smooth and but little indented ; the lateral borders are very gently 
 rounded, the posterior border is nearly straight. The cardiac and 
 metabranchial lobes, the metagastric and epibranchial lobes, and 
 the two mesogastric lobes form three almost parallel lines across the 
 carapace, giving it a very unicjue linear arrangement ; there are 
 also two much smaller lobes, one behind each of tlie orbits, flunked 
 laterally by a small tubercle, and a small rounded tubercle on each 
 epibranchial lobe ; the lateral border was bluntly dentated. 
 
 Fig. 5. 
 
 Fig. 6. 
 
 When not waterworn (as in specimen No. 4), the surface of the 
 carapace is in parts very finely granulated. 
 
 These specimens are very distinct, but without more materials I 
 should not feel justified in separating them gr^nerically. I prefer 
 rather to place them in Bell's genus Plagiolophus, which was 
 proposed to receive P. Wetherelli, from the London Clay of Sheppey. 
 
228 
 
 CRETACEOUS PODOPHTnALMATA. 
 
 [May 1896. 
 
 Tho same species — described under the narae of OhfphitJiyreus 
 ajjinis (Ileuss)— was figured and described by lleuss neariy at tho 
 same date, lleuss also adds another species, Olyphithyreus for- 
 mosus, Iteuss, from the Upper Cretaceous of Mecklenburg. 
 
 I feel satisfied to leave these Vancouver Island crabs in this 
 genus, and to designate them by the trivial name of vancouvererms. 
 
 Two specimens were collected on the north-western side of 
 Hornby Island, and one on Comox River, Vancouver Island, British 
 Columbia. The locality of tho Geological Society's specimen is not 
 marked, but it is from Vancouver Island. 
 
 Nos. 3 and 4, from Hornby Island, belong to the Provincial 
 Museum of Victoria, Vancouver Island. 
 
 No. 2 specimen shows traces of limbs, and the flattened propodos 
 of a chelate fore-arm 13 miUim. long x 8 millim. broad. 
 
 f 
 
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