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LrMOINE, ' Author of « Quebec Past and Present ; " « Chronicles of the St. Lawrence ; •' Maple Leaves ; " « Picturesque Quebec,'^ etc. ^ DRIVE TO INDIAN LORETTE. INDIAN LORETTE. TAHOURENCHE, THE HURON CHIEF. THE ST. LOUIS AND THE STE. POY ROADS. CHATEAU BIGOT. LAVAL UNIVERSITY, PICTURE GALLERY. These Historical jottings are intemled to snpply the omissions ID the Guide Books. SECOND EDITION QUEBEC PRINTED BY 0. DARVEAU 82 to 84 Mountain Hill. 1887 Z ^/ - y / ;' . / 2 915 6 3 TO HER EOYAL HIGHNESS THE PRI:NCESS LOUISE THESE NOTES ON QUEBEC AND ITS BlfYIBONS, ETC, ABE BY SPECIAL PEBMISSION, RiaPECTrCLLT INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR J. M. LlMOIXE. Spencer Grauge 4th Jane 1819, c vill Jul: wit] mil( aubi pik( Ish and whi] Stan Her i^eni, the I us th A.N earlj A VISIT TO THE INDIAN LORETTE, Of the many attractive sites in the environs of the city, few contain in a greater degree than the Iliiron village of Lorette, during the leaf^ months of June, July and September, picturesque scenery, combined with a wealth of historical associations. The nine miles intervening between Quebec and liio rustic auheivje of the village, thanks to an excellent turn- pike, can be spanned in little more than an hour. I shall now attempt to recapitulate some of the sights and incidents of travel which recently befell me, while escorting to Lorette an old world tourist, of YQYj high literary estate, the Eevd. Arthur Penhryn Stanley, then Dean of Westminster and Chaplain to Her Majesty. Fortunately for myself and for my genial but inquisitive companion, I was fi-esh from the perusal of Bressani, Ferland and Faillon, as well. as the excellent French sketch '' TaliourencM.'' which A. K. Montpetit had published, to whom I take this arly opportunity of making due acknowledgment. ly agreeable and distinguished companion had spent — 6 — one (lay in the old capital, si^ht-secing. IIo had devoted the whole forenoon, visiting The CrTADEL on Cape Diamond, The site of the old Fuencii Walls AVoLFE AND 3I0NTCALMS Monument, The Laval University— its Museum and Picture Galllry, The Literary and Historical Society and its Museum, The French Basilica — its Relics, Paintings, ^c, The Ursuline Convent and its famous Oil Paintings, The Duff ERIN Terrace— the Dufferin Improve- ments, The Kent Gate, The New Parliament Buildings, The Plains op Abraham, Spencer Wood and its Grand Kiver Views, where His Honor Lieut.-Governor Letellior had asked some of the Quebec literati to meet the literary lion, after luncheon. The Dean had engag- ed a comfortable carriage and driven down to the Falls op Montmorency, the promenade obligee of all tourists, — crossing over to the east bank and contemplating the striking panorama and glitter- ing distant city roofs, from the very spot, may hap, on which Wolfe, in July, 1759, bad stood, whilst sett- ling the details of the campaign, which by its results was to give the Anglo-Saxon, he who rejoices in '• Chatham's tongue, " the supremacy in the New World. The Natural Steps and the historic ford adjacent N( Ho had } Picture AND ITS riNOS, ^C, US Oil Improve- 'lEWS, ellior had meet the lad engag- down to obligie of bank and d glitter- may hap, (rhilst sett- its results •ejoices in the New i adjacent — 7 — thereto, defended in 1759 by Montcalm's militiamon iind Indians, ha,< '"<• ^c//a liJitiT on, tin' I ten- daiit's Palace in ma^nirtcenco riva'led the Chuteat Si. Lous. J. K. iiosvvoii's new and t'xtt'a.>ive Mail HoiifcX was built in ic-iO, uu its still solid foundations. fov the city cows, styled by the early French Za Yo^ cherie. In :i trice we reach Doi'chester br dge, the 8(H'on(i one, built there in 1^22 — th*; first, opened Willi ,c and Gros Pin. The area took, iov a tini'', the name ot'Smithville and was iidieiited by several members of his family, who built cosy cottjiu'es thei-eon. These green lields iiiiig*^! wiih white birrh and spi'uce plan- tations, ni-o w:'.t(';cd hy the St. Charles, the Kahlr- ]\rali.'iiii, opposite to the intendant s P.ila "c (p'lst 8t Jolin's gate), diK.'Ctuiu^ (iicir course to the Imrn- work, and followinu" the bordrrs of th-^ Uiver St. Ch irles " Ii is impossible loinia.:ine the d sorder and confusion that I found in the hornwork " Tlie hornwork had the River St. Charles betoro it, about seventy pjices broud, whicb served it better than an artiti(i;d ditch : its front facinu' tho river and tlie heiiihts, was com[)(»se I of strong, tlii( k anH high palisades, planted per[iendicuhuly. wi;h gun-lioles [»ierced for several pieces not in ttie iea>t (liinger of ixnng taken ly the English, l>y an assauit from tlie other s do of the river " M. de Vaiidreiiil was c.oseted in a lumse m tlie inside ot the hornwork with the Int-'udant (B got) and with some other jier- sons. 1 SMspi cted they W'jre busydnfting tic artick'sfora ;;e- ueral capitniation, and I entered tlie house, wheic I had <>nly time to see ihe Intt-n lant, with a pen in h's hand, writing upon a sheet ot paper, when Al.de Vaudreuil told me I had no hii>i- ness there. Hiving answered him thai what he said wa-« tru'-. T leiired immeoiaiely, in Aviath, to see tliem intent on giving up s ► scandalously adependen(y for the jireservation of which so mu' h bloo t and tiea>ure had been exi)eiide(l. On ieav.U', the house. 1 met \1 Dahpiier, an old, biave, viownriuht hoin st n.an, c<»mnian- der of the Ri ginient of iJearn, with the true char cter ot a good officer — the nwuks of Mais ail over his boWy. J lold him it was being debated, wiihin the house, to give uptilanaiia to ihe Knt:lih by a cajjiiulation, and I hurried him in t(t stand up for the King's cause, and advocate the widfare of the coiintiv I then quitted the hornwork to join Foularies at the Uivinc of lie tiport, hut having met him about thiec or four huuihed paces irom the — 10 — wore mustered the disorganized French squadrons, in full retreat f om the Plains of Abraham towards their camp at BL'auport. Here, on that fatidical day, wasdt'bated the surrender of the colony the close of French power, at the fiist settlement and winter quar- ters of the French pioneers — Cartier's hardy little band. From this spot, at eight o'clock that night ^l:^th Sept.), began the French retreat towards Charles- bourg church ; at 4 a. m. the army was at Cape Eouge, disordered, panic-stricken. On ascending a hill (Clearihue's) to the north, the eye gathers in the contour of a dense grove, hiding in its drooping folds " Auvergne," the former secluded country seat of Chief Justice Jonathan Sewell, now owned by George Alford, Esq. A mile to the north, in the deep recesses of Bourg Royal, rest the fast crumbling and now insignificant ruins of the only rural Chateau of French origin round Quebec. Was it built by Talon, or by Bigot ? an unfiilhomable mystery. Silence and desertion at present reign supreme, where of yore Bigot's heartless wa^ail4i's used lo meet and gamble away King Louis'b card money and piastres. " And sunk jire tho voices that Founded in mirth. AaU empty the goblets and Ureaiy the hearth ! " hornwork, on his way to it, I tohl him what was beina: discussed thi'ro. He auMVi red me that sooner than c«)nst'nt to a capitula- tion, he would slied the last drop ot his blood. He told me to l'^« k on his talde and house as my own, advised me to go there directly to repose niyself, and clappinu h|)UI8 to iiis horse, he fl«'d like liiihtning to the hornwork." — {Johnstone's Diary of Siege of Quebec, 1751) ) — 11 - adrons, in I towards [lical day, 10 close of nter qiiar- i-dy little ight a^th is Charles- ape Kouge, north, the 3, hiding in )!• secluded ewell, now es of Bourg iisigniticant uch origin I by Bigot ? escrtion at ,'6 heartless ing Louis's lirth. nil ! " •in.i? discussed a capitii la- He told me to to go there ] horse, he fl«*d \ry of Siege of The tower or boudoir, where was immured the Al- gonquin maid Caroline *, the beautiful, that too has crumbled to dust The Bossi'gnol and Hermit thrush now waj bio their soft melody over th'j very spot which once e(!hoed thodyingshrick of this dusky Eosaiiiond ; the poniard of a rival had struck deeply, had struck home. Charlesbourg, in pint colonized bylntendant Talon's quiet peasantry, with its white cottages, its frugal colonists, its erect cedar picket fences, like stockades or French sentries forgotten to prevent In- dian surpi'ises, amidst its lands, which fan-liko nil la- diatef from a common centre, the parish church, is not a bad type of the primitive New France village. But let us hurry on over the pleasant road, meandering round the crest of the highlands, towards the quaint Indian ecUlement of Lorette, for a glimpse of which my compnnion is longing. Ilcrc we are at last, but whore is the wigwam of th^ chief medicine man, his chichiquois and totemfi f I had expected an Indian greeting such as rejoiced the ears of friend Ahatsisturiy when recently ho csco: tod iheio ihe light- • Beyond the iirnniR^flkeahle vesticrrR of it*-' brvirifr honn of early French conKlruclicii, th( n- is n thing kin wn ot the or. gin undtr French rule, of Bigots li.tle Chateau. History is repltte with details about his peculations and final punishment in the Bastile of France ; possibly the legends in piose and in verse, which mantle round the time-wurii ruin, have no other founda- tion than the lictioiw of the pott jsnd the novelist. Thanks to Amedee Papineau, W. Kirby, Jos. Marmt tte, Eimond Rousseau, Beaunianoir, Bigot's Chateau, is now immortalized. t Louis XIV, granted to his C maclian Intendant Talon, in 1605, the lands of Bonrg-Uoyal, Bourcr La Reine, Bourg-Talon. The great Intendaai hud iocut d Frcut-hbuuititi here ; — the lots were divided and tapered cflf to a point round the church, so that in the event of au Indian raid the tolling ot the bell— ^c tocsin — might call them to arms and niiike them concentrate in one spot.^ — 12 — licarted offi' ers of tho French frigate Laiylace, anchored under Cap Diamond. " Quakj I quaig ? oiataro ! (Goo 1 morning ! Good morning ! Fj'iond !) and tlio response " Quaig ! Quaig ! (Good morning ! Good morning !) was ready, wlien instead of tlie great Cliief TuhourencM, a cornel}^ young woman, with nothing in her air to remind you of Pocahontas, in classic French, informed us that if it vv'as her father Paul we were seeking, he was not at liome, she regi'etted to say. We were polite y asked to come in and rest, and as I was known to her father, ji silver tray with French wine was bi'ought in ; j.ioud w^e felt in pledging the health of the great Ta- hourcndU, whose hospitable roof, says Ahatsistari, has sheltered "dukes, counts and earls," as well as many men famous in letters, war and trade. TAHOURENCHE. " I'm the cliif^ftain of this mountain, Times and seasons found nie liere, ^ly drink lias b(*en the crystal fountain, My fare tbc wild moose or the deer." {Tht HuuoN Chief, hg Adam Kidd.) Wo give here a faithful portrait of this noble savage, such as ' ^n by himself and presented, we believe, to tho 1 ..al University at Quebec j for glimpses of 13 — Laplace, ; ! Good Qaalg ! y, when comely lind you that if it [IS not at I y asked 31- father, Light in ; rreat Ta- jtari, has as many % Kidd.) his origin, homo and snrioundings, we are indebted to an honorary chief of the tribe, Ahatsistari. * Paul TdliourencM (Franyois Xavier Picard), Great Cliicf of the L )rctte Ilurons, was born at Indian Lorctte in 1810; he is consequently at present (j^ yoars of age. lie is tall, erect, well proportioned, dignilied hi face and deportment ; when habited in his Indian regalia : blue frock coat, with bright buttons and medals, plumed fur cap, leggings of colored cloth, briglit sash and armlets, with Avar axe, he looks the beau ideal of a respectable Huron warrior, shorn of the ferocity of other days. Of the line of Huron chiefs which preceded him we can furnish but a veiy scant history, Adam Kidd, who wrote the Huron Chufm 1829, and who paid that year a visit to the Loietto Indians and saw their oldest chief, Oui-a-ra-lih-to, having unfortunately failed to fulfil the promise ho then made of publishing the traditions and legends of the tribe furnished him on that occasion. Of Oui-a-ra-lih-to, we learn from Mr. Kidd, " This venerable patriarch, who is now (in 1829) approaching the prei incts of a century, is the grapdson of Tsa-a-ra- ih-to, head chief of the Hurons during the war of 1759. Oui-a-ra-lih-lo, with about thirty-five warriors of the Indian village of Lorette, in conjunc- tion with the Iroquois and Aleonquins, was actually engaged in the army of Bui-goyne, a name unworthy to be associated with the noble spirit of Indian heroism. During my visit to this old chief — May, 1829 — ; he willingly furnished me with an account of the distin- guished warriors, and the traditions of different B savage, believe, mpses of * Ahatsistari, such the name of the former great Huron warrior, which Mr. Montpetit was allowed to assume when recently elected Honorary Chief of the Council (f Sa' hems, posuibly for the service rendered to the tribe, as their historiographer. — 14 — tribcp, which are still fresh in his memory, and are handed from father to son, with the precision, interest and admiration that the tales and exploits of Ossian and his heroes are circulated in their original purity to this day among the Irish." Mr. Kidd alludes also to another great chief, Atsistari, who flourished in 1637, and who may have been the same as the Huron Saul Ahatsistariy who lived in 1642. THE HURONS OF LORETTE. Of the powerful tribes of the aborigines, who, in remote periods, infested the forests, lakes and sti-earas of Canada, none by their prowess in war, wisdom in council, success as tillers of the soil, intelligence and lofty bearing, surpassed the Wyandats, or Huron s. * They numbered 15,000 souls, according to the his- torian Ferland ; 40,000 according to Bouchette, and chiefly inhabited the country bordering on Lakes Huron and Simcoe; they might, says Sagard, have been styled the " nobles " among savages in contra- distinction to that other powerful confederacy, more democratic in their ways, also speaking the Huron language, and known as the Five Nations (Mohawks,t • I'he French named the Wyandats, Hiirons, from their style of wearing their hair — erect and thrown buck, giving their head, says the historian Feiland, tlie appearance of a boar's head, " une hure de sang Her. '^ f The Dutch called them Maquas ; the English, Mohawks, probably from the name of the river Mohawk which flows into the Hudson. , and are , interest of Ossiiin al purity udes also rished in be Huron 8, who, in nd streams wisdom in tgence and Hurons. * to the his- lette, and on Lakes gard, have in contra- acy, more ihe Huron Mohawks,t >m their style ig their head, hoai'b head, Bh, Mohawks, ch flows into — 15 — Oiieydoes, Onondagas, Cayugas and Senecas), styled by the French the Iroquois, or Hiroquois, from the habit of their orators of closing their orations with the word " Hiro " — I have said, "Tis a curious fact that the aborigines whom Jac- ques Cartier had found masters of the soil, at Hoche. laga (Montreal,) and Stadacona (Quebec,) in 1535, sixty-eight year later on, in 1603, when Champlnin visited these Indian towns, had disappeared : a dittcr- ent race had succeeded them. Though it opens a wild field to conjecture, recent investigations seem to indicate that it was the Huron-Iroquois nation who, in 1535, were the eiifants du sol at both places, and that in the interim, the Algonquins had, after bloody wai's, dispersed and expelled the Huron-Iroquois. The savages with whom the early French settlers held intercourse can be compi'ised under two specific heads — the Algonquins and the Huron-Iroquois— the language of each differing as much, observes the learned Abb^ Faillon, as French does from Chinese. It would take us beyond the limits of this sketch to recapitulate the series of raassficres which reduced these warlike savages, the Hurons, from their high estate to that of a dispersed, nomadic tribe, and placed the Iroquois, or Mohawks, at one time nearly des- troyed by the Hurons, in the ascendant. Their final overthrow may be said to date back to the great Indiiin massacres of 1H48-49, at their towns, or missions, on the shores of Luke Simcoe, the first misision being founded, in 1615, by the Friar, L Caron, accompanied by twelve soldiers sent by Champlain in advance of his own party. The Jesuit missions where attacked by the Iroquois in 1648 j St. Louis, — le- st. Joseph *, St. Ignacef, Ste. Mario |. St.Joan |I, suc- cossiv'cly fell, or were threatened ; all the inmates wh'> escaped sought safety inflight; the protracted siitterings of the misHionaries Breba'uf and (lahnel Laliernant have furnished one of the brightest pages ofChristiafi heroism in New France. BreUeuf ex- pired on the IGth March, and Laliernant on ITth March, 1()48. A parly of Huron sought Manitonlin Island, then called Kkaentoton ; a few fled to Virgi- nia ; others succeeded in obtainingprotectionon the south shore, of Lake Erie, from the Erie ti'ibe, only to share later on, the dire ftito of the nation who had dared to incorporate them in its sparse ranks. Father P. Kagucneau (the first writer, by the by, who makes mention of Niagara FiiWa—RiMftions de li)4S,) escorted three or four hundred of these terror- stri( ken people to Quebec, on the 2Gth July, 1650, and lodged them in the Island of Orleans, at a spot since called Jj'Anse du Forf, where they wore joined, in 1051, by a party of Ilurons, who in 1(J49, on hearing of the massacre of their western brethren, had asked to wintoi* at Quebec. For ten years past a group of Algonquins, Montagnais and Ilurons, amidst incessant alai'ms, had been located in the picturosques parish ofSillory; they, too, were in quest of a more secure asylum. Negotiations were soon entered into bet- ween them and their persecuted friends of the AVcst ; a plan was put forth to combine. On the 20th March, ItiSl, the Sillery Indians, ma'iy of whom were Ilurons sauglit a shelter, though a very unsecure one, in a * The mission of St. Joseph, composed of 400 Murou families, Wiis suddoiily attacked by the Iroquois on the !th July, U)4S. f St. Iguace was surprised nnd tjdien on Mith March, i(>41>. j Ste. iMarie mission-b'>iise was given to tJie flumts by the Jesuits themselves on I i)th Miy, \i\A\K II St. Jean was ravaged on 7th December, 1849. can II, suc- 3 inmates protracted (I (riil)nel test pai^es •cbceuf ex- t on 17th Manitonlin (I to Vir.Ji;i- !tion on the tribe, only lation who ranlvH. by the by, ^d( it Ions de iiesc terror- ^,1650, and a spot sineo joined, in on hearing had asked t a group of st incessant ques parish more secure Id into bet- ifthe AVest; 9th March, ere llurons re one, in a LHron families, rmy, U)4S. [iivh, U>4'K flamis by the — 17 — fortified nook, adjoining their missionary's house, on. the land of Eiconore de Grandmaison, purchased for ihem at VAnse du Fort, in the Island of Orleans, on the south side of the point opposite to Quebec. IIci-o they set to tilling the soil with some success, cultivat- ing chiefly Indian corn, their numbers being occa- sionally increased during the year lf)50, by their fugitive brethern fiom the WcNt, uniil they counted above (JOO souls. Even under the guns of the picket Fort of Orleans, which had changed its name to He Ste. ]M;irie, in remembtanceof their foi*mei' residency, the tomahawk and scalping-knife reached them ; on the 20ih May, I G56, 85 of iheir number were carried away captives, and six men killed, by the ferocious Iioquois; and on the 4(h June, 1656, they had to fly before theii* merciless tormentors. The big guns of Furt 8t. Louis, which then stood at the north-west extiemity of the spot on which — Dutfei'in Terrace has lately been ei'ected, seen\cd to the llurons a moi'o ett'eetual protection than the howitzers of An>7, to ]»itch theii' wigwams for a few years at Ci'tto St. Michel, four and a half miles from Quebec, at the Mission of Notre Dame d*) Foye, now called Ste, Foye. On the 2t)th December, 1G73, restless and alarmed, tlie helpless sons of the foivst sought the seclusion, leafy shades and green tields of Ancietine Lorette. * Hero * Tliis parish was called attgr the celebratcJ Church of Said^ -18- thoy dwelled nearly twenty-five years. The youths had grown up to manhood, with the terrilde memo- ries of the patst still fresh in tlicir mindn. One tine d:iy. allured hy hopes of more abnn, ex» hihit the population as ronipoKed of \VM'^ souls, divided as lollows : Achilt Males, 94 ; Adult Feinales, l;i7 ; Boys, 41) ; Girls. ;>6. Total. \VM\. \A.\ males to 19:5 females; bichelors must have beea at a premium in the settlement. We understand that a complete histor}' ( f the tribe is now in ronrse of pre| aration by the Revd. Prosper "Vincent, a son of Chief Vincent. X An excellent sketch in French has been published of Tohour-^ e7cheRnd his tribe, in the Opinion Ptibiique, unler the wo/zi de plume of Ahatdistari which we think oni-self warranted in creditinc; to the elegant pen of A. N. Montpetit, one of their honorary Chii fs. I youths 3 memo- One tine 10, thoy in H;97, close to I I own as all t()ld,t loi'P, ex- is. •idod into rtoise ; of from tho lis Xavier Ptiiil is a .0 Tahou- )le woman [\in ; he is hoose two md chief ather Chan- khich lie had where he las Vol lows : 5t have beea t a f omple'te y the Revd. (1 of TuhouT'^ the nom de in crcditincc orary Chii fs> — 19 — either from amonr), with three other Chiefs of his nation, by Generals Brock and Car/>en'er, the chief benrs in his hand the wampum or collar, on width is marked th»' tomahawk triven by his late Mijesty Georcre, III. The gold medal on his neck was the gift of His Majesty on this presenta'ion. " They were accompanied and introduced into England on the 14th December, 1S124, by Mr. W Cooper, who, though an English- nian, they take to be a chief of their nation, and better known to them as iMxvi Tourhaiwchi:^ N. B.— It may he well to say that from the earliest times the Lorette Indians have been in the habit of electing as " Honorary Chiefs " Quebecers of note, who may have rendered service to the tribe. A large oil painting is now in the pof^session of VVm. Diirling Campbell, Esq., of Quebec, exhibiting the installation as a Chief, in 1837, of the late Robert Symes, J P. of Quebec. -20 — Charles foams, white as a snow-drift, over the black It'd^cs, and whore the sunshine struggles through nuittcd boughs of the pine and the fir, to bask lor brief momcMits on the mossy rocUs, or flash on tho hunying waters. .... Here, to this day, tho tourist tinds the remnants of a lost people, harinioss weavers of bawkots and sewers of mocassins, tho Huron blood fast bleaching out of them." I Purhnian.) Of '* fvcQ and independent elector" none here exist the little Lorotte world goes on smoothly wiihout them. "No Huron on the reserve can vote. No white man is allowed to settle within tlie sacred precincts of the Huron kingdom, composed, 1st, of the lofty Fluieau of the village of Indian Loi-ette, which tho tribe occu])y. 2nd. Of the forty square (40 x 10) acres, about a mile and a half to the noi'th-west of tho village. 3rd, Of the liocmont settlement, in the adjoining County of Portneuf, in the vejy henrt of the Laurentine SlountaiLS, ceded to the llurons by Government, as a compensation for the Seigniory of ^t. (Jabriel, of which Government took possession, and to whidi the llurons set up a claim. " In all that which pertains to the occupation, the possession and the administration of these fragipents of its ancient extensive territory, ihe usages and customs of the tribe have force of law. The village is governed by a Council of Sachems ; in cases of misunderstandings an appeal lies to the Ottawa Bmeau, under the control of the Minister of the Interior (our Downing street wisely abstaining to interfere except on VQvy urgent occasions). Lands descend by right of inheritance ; the Huron Council alone being authorized to issue location tickets; none are granted but to Huron boys, strangers being e;^clu(ied. Of course, these disabilities atfect the bo black buj^k lor h on Iho day, iho banalot^s sins, iho ^urhman.) eve exist r wiibout No >vluto precincts the lofty ^vbich tho (40 X iO) rest of Iho \i, in tho ■f hoMi't of lurons by io-niory of possession, )ation, tho fragnients ;agos and ) villnij;c is cases of Ottawa cr of tho aininiJi; to i). Lands l)n Council IvCts ; nono H's being laltect tho — 21 — denizens of the reserve only ; a I[nron (and there nro some, Tifhourench4, Vincent and others) owninj^ lunrnor : — inonstati i8a ation dcsonSa- nk8anion son tothi lesten de eb;kcmion n. (Rev. lery.) of Day. ht. fvho does ountains. ss Man.-^ [Tran slation.] •' The chiefs, the warriors, the women and children of our tribe, greet you. The man of the woods also likes to render homage to merit ; he loves to see in his chiefs these precious qualities which constitute the state.- ra an. *' All these gifts of the Grent Spirit: wisdom in council, prudence in cxeculiun, and ihit sagacity wo exact in the Captains of our nation, you possess thorn all, in an eminent degree. '• We warmly applaud your appointment to the exalted post of Liculeiiant-ljrovei'nor of the Provi ce of Quebec, and feel happy in taking advantage of the occasion to present our coigratulations. " May we also be allowed to renew the assurance of our devolion toward ■> our Augiisl Mothor, wiio dwells on the other side of the G.-eat L:ike, as woll as to the land of our forefathers. '' Accept for you, for Madame Caron and your amily, our best wishes. " P. S. — Whilst closing these lines, we learn that TahourencM and his Huron braves will again be dlowod * to renew that the assurance of their devo- ion and loyalty to our gentle Queen, and that ere Tiany suns set, in full costume they will Oit'er to Ononthio, her envoy and her accomplished daughter, he Princess Louise, their respectful homage, under he whispering pines of Spencer Wood, where oft of 'Ore have roamed their forefathers. Spencer Grange, 4th June, 1879. J. M. LeMOINE. • The Lorettc Hurons paid tiieir respects to His Excellonry nd to H. K. H., the Princess Louise, later on, but not at Spencer iVood. — 26 — THE DRIVE TO CAP ROUGE BY ST. LOUIS ROAD, RETURNING BY ST. FOYE ROAD. Indian Lorette is also accessible by the St. Foye turnpike diverging northward by the Suette road, past St. Foj^e church ; the route is lined with a num- ber of pretty country seat and neat dwellings, begin- ning at Mount Pleasant. Let us take the other road. On emerging from St. Louis Gate, the first objee-t which atti^acts the eye is the spacious structure of the Skating Rink; the only charge we can make against it, is that it is too close to St. Louis Gate. 'Tis the right thing in the wrong place." Adjoining stood the old home of the Prentices, in 1791, — Bandon Lodge,* once the abode of Sandy Simpson, f whose cat-o'nine- tails must have left lively memories in Wolfe's army. Did the beauteous damsel about whom Horatio, Lord Nelson, raved in 1782, when, as Commander of H. M.'s frigate Albemarle, he was philandering in Quebec, ever live here? J This seems very likely. The Departmental and Parliament Building, an imposing * The ornate residence of Honb. Jos, Sh-.hyn, M. P. P. occupies now this historic Rite. f Saundehs Simpson. — " He was Prevost Marshal in Wolfe's army, at the affairs of Louisbourg, Quebec and Montreal, and cousin of iny father's. He resided in that house, the nearest to 8iii"nt Louis Gate, outside, which has not undergone any external alteration since I was a boy." — From Diary of Deputy Commiasary General Jas. Thompson. X Heceut evidence extracted by Dr. n. H. Miles out of the Tiiompson papers and letters, lead to strengthen the theory previously propounded, and to indicate Miss Mary Simpson, daughter of Saunders Simpson, as the famed Quebec beauty of LOUIS OAD. \i. Foye te roiidy i a num- ,, begi ri- ll* road, it objec-t •e of the against 'Tis the tood the Lodge,* t-o'nine- 's army, io, Lord H. M.'s Quebec, The n posing occupies 1 Wolfe's treal, and nearest to Y external ommmary )ut of the le theory Simpson, beauty of Y — 27 — square, facing east north south and ouost with a spacious court yard in the centre, a jot-d'eau and lawns are erected on the north side of the Gmnde Allec. Close by looms out the handsome new Drill Shed. ^•Ferguson's house," next it, noted by Professor Silli- man in his " Tour between Hartford and Quebec in 1819," is now difficult to recognize; its late owner A. Joseph, Esq., added so much to its size. Another land- mark of the past deserves notice-^the ex-Commander of the Forces lofty quarters ; from its angular eaves and forlorn aspect, it generally went by the name of ^' Bleak House." I cannot say whether it ever was haunted, but it ought to have been.* We are now in the Grande AlUe — the forest avenue, which two hundred years ago led to Sillery Wood. Handsome terraces of cut stone dwellings erected by Hon b. P. Garneau, Messrs Joseph Hamel, Roy, Bilodeau, add much to the appearance of this fashionable nieghbor- hood. On turning and looking back as you appi'oach Bleak House, you have an excellent view of the Citadel, and of the old French work-*, which exend beyond it, to the extremity of the Cape, overlooking VAnse des Mhes, A little beyond the Commandant's house, at the top of what is generally kuow.i as Por- rault's Hi II, stands the Perrault homestead, dating back to 1820, YAsyle Champetre, — now handsomely renovated and owned by Mrs Henry D.'nning. The adjoining range of heights, at present occupied by the Martello Tower, is known as the Butfes-a- JVepveu, *' It was here that Murray took his stand on the morning of April 28th, 1760, to resist the adviince of Levi, and here commenced the hardest-fought — the bloodiest action of the war, which terminated in * The wi(lenin0. They are not all of the same size, but like all Martello Towers, they are circular and bomb-proof. The exposed sides are thirteen foet thick and gradually diminish like the horns of the crescent moon, to seven feet in the centre of the side next the city walls. The first or lower story, contains tanks, storerooms and magazine; the second has cells for the garrison, with port-holes for two guns. On the top there used to be one G8-pounder carj'onade, two 24, and two 9-poJinders." A party of Arnold's soldie.s ascended these heights in November, 1775, and advanced quite close to the city walls, shouting defiance at the little garrison. A few shois t-oon dis))ci'sed the invaders, who retraced their steps to AYolfc's Cove. On the Battes-a-NepveUj the great criminals were formerly executed, llere \ the city, are three inaid()nod ])Oor Draper. /Look down Perrault's hill tovvards the south. There stands, with a few ^hruhsand trees in the foreground, tlie Miliiary IIottio, — where infii'm soldioi's, their wi. dows and children, < ould find a refuge. It has iToently been purchased and convei'ted into the " Female Orphan Asylum." It forms the eastern ]joiincc for a Botanical Garden ; subse- quently il was com em plated to huild their new semi- nal y there lo aflbid the boys fresh air. Alas ! other counsels prevailed. Its westei'n houmlary is a road leading to the new District Jail, — a stone structure of great strength, surmounted with a diminutive tower, admirably adapted, one would imagine, for astronomical pursuits. From its glistening cupola, this Provincial Observa- toiy is visible to the east. I was forgetting to notice that substantial building, dating from 1855 — the Ladies' Home. The Protes- tant Ladies of Quebec have here, at no small expense and ti'ouble, raised a fitting asylum, where the aged and infirm find shelter. This, and the building opposite, St. Bridget's Asylum, with its fringe of trees and green ])l()ts, are real ornaments to the Grande AlUe.. The old burying giound of 1832, with all its ghastly memories of ihe Asiatic scourg, has assumed quite an ornate, nay, a respectable aspect. Close to the tolUbar on ihe Grande Allee, may yet be seen one of the meridian stones which serve to mark the western boundaiy of the city, west of the old Lampson Man- — 31 — the Sove- lercy and h. Thero •eground, )r8, their !. It bus into the I astern ind trees, ;ende . by 3n ; subse- lew semi- as ! other the new strength, admirably pursuits. Observa- building, e Protcs- expense the aged building fringe of 8 to the 8 ghastly ned quite e to the en one of 3 western son Man- sion. On the adjoining domain, well named "Battle- field Cottage," formerly the property of Col. Charles Campbell, was the historic well out of which a cup of water was obtained to moisten the parched lips of the dying hero, Wolfe, on the KUh Sept., 1759. The well was filled in a few years ago, but not before it was nigh proving fatal to Col. Campbell's then young son — (Arch. Campbell, Esq., of Thornhill.) Its site is close to the western boundary fence, in the garden behind ''Battlefield Cottage." Here we are at those immortal plains — the Hastings and Runnymede of the two races once arrayed in battle against one another at Quebec. The Plains of Abraham are the eastern boundary of Marchmont, formerly owned by John Gilmour, Esq., now magnificiently rebuilt by Thos. Beckett, Esq. A few minntes more brings the tourist to Mi*. Price's villa- Wolfe-field, where may be seen the preci- pitous path up the St. Denis burn, by which the Highlanders and British soldiers gained a footing above, on the 13th September, 1759, and met in battle array to win a victory destined to revolutionize the ]^ew World. The British were piloted in their ascent of the I'iver by a French prisoner brought with them from England — Denis de Vitr^, formerly, a Quebecer of distinction. Their landing place at Sillery was selected by Major Robert Stobo, who had, in May, 1751), escaped from a French prison in Quebec, and joined his countrymen the English, at Loaisbourg, from whence he took ship again to meet Saunders' fleet at Quebec. The tourist next drives past Thorn- hill, Sir Francis Hinck's old home, when Premier to Lord Elgin ; opposite appear the leafy glades of Spencer Wood, so grateful a summer retreat, that my Lord used to say, " There he not only loved to — 32 — live, but would like to rest hi l)ono>." Next comes SpeiKMM" (r.";iii<^o, iho H'.'iii of J. M. L'MoiiH', E-q. ; tlion W^iodHcld, the homest«!:id ot* !»■.'- JFon. Win. Shepparu -'- in lSt7, now of Mf.ssi's. Johu I. and Jas. (ribl). t The eye mxl dwells on the I'u^Lic Clmrcdi of St. .Michel, eiiihowered in uve!<^!e(}, ; close to which looms out, at S'fus les Boiis. the stately convent of JGsm-Marlc ; then you meet with villas innumerahlo — one of the iuo>t conspieuous is Henniore, Col. IJhodes' couiitiy seat. BenmoiH^ is well worthy, of a call, were it only to procure a hour/net. This is not merely ihe J'lden of roses ; ('ol. Jthodes has eomhined the fai'm with the ^'ardeii. His undei ground rhubarb and mu.shroom cellars, his blantations, are a credit to Quebec. Next come Clermont, (1) Beauvoir, (2' Kilmar- nock, ' 3)Catai'aqui, (4 Kilgrasion, Kii'k-Ella,(5) The H'ghlands, JJartifield, J)ornald, McjidowBank, (G) Eavenswocx], (7) until, aftei* a nine iriiles di'ive^ liea- clylfe cloHos the I'ural landscape Jiedclyfte, (8) on the top of Ca)) li)Uge promontoiy. There, many indications yet mai'k the spot whei'O lioberval's c c S.' * Hoiib. W. Slicppsinl dicsl in isflT — rej^rotted nsa scholar, an auti(iii.ny unci tlie lyjc ol the old Enjjflish j,'»iitlem;in. f This realm of tail y laud, so rich in nature's graces, so pro- fusely eiubeilishrd hy the iate James Gil)l), Es(j., Prtsuient of ihe Q (bi c Uaiik, was lecen'ly sold for a Cemt'ttry, (!) The state. y hoiia- of i.t Col. Ferdinand TumUill. ^*J ) The pi(tnres(|ue villa of K. R Do!>eil, Esq. (;;) A mossv old h.ili founded by Mr. McNider in ihe beginning cf the century ; now cceii|)ird I y the Giaddon taniily. ( i) Thv goigeoii.'v mansion of Mrs. Chas E. Levey. (.')) The proiieny of Ib^beit Campled, Esq. ({■») The hiddy cultivated farm and summer residence of Chief Jii.'-tice Sir An Uew Stuart (7 ) The beautdul home of W. Herring, Esq. (c) llccent.y acquired by Amos Buwen, Esq. jxt comes [on. Win. . and J as. Olini'C'li of to which on vent of mnierahlo loi'e, Col. n thy, of a Chis is not tM)nil)ine(l d ihiibarb ni^iis beds o Quebec. ' Kilmar- hi,(5) The Jank, (G) ivCj liea- e, (8) on re, many ioberval's stlioltir, an CCS, so pro- *lH8H:eilt of 111. beginning Ice of Chief -33 — ephemeral colony wintered as far back as 1542. You can now, if you like, return to the city by tlio same route, or select the St. Foye Road, skirtin^: the classic heights where General Murray, six months after the first battle of the Plains, lost the second, on the ^28th April, 1760 ; the St. Foye Church was then occupied by the British soldiers. Your ga/.o next rests on Holland House, Montgomcrys head- quarters in 1775, behind which is Holland Tree, overshadowing, as of yore, the grave of the Hollands.''- The view, from the St. Foye road, of the gracefully meandering St. Charles below, especially during the high tides, is something to be remembered. The tourist shortly after detects the iron pillar, sur- mounted by a bronze statue of Bellona, presented in 1855 by Prince Napoldon Bonaparte — intended to commemorate the fierce struggle at this spot, of 28th April, 1760. In close vicinity appear the bright p^r- terres or umbrageous groves of Belleviie^f Hamwaod,;j; Bijou,|| Westfitdd, § Sans-Bruit, and the narrow gothic arches of Finlay Asylum; soon the traveller re-enters by St. John's suburbs, with the broad basin of the St. Charles and the pretty Island of Orleans staring him in the face. Let him drive down next to see the Montmorency Falls, and the little room which the Duke of Kent, Queen Victoria's father, occupied there in 1791-3. A trip to the Island of Orleans by the ferry will also repay trouble ; half an hour of brisk steaming will do it. The Island contains hotel • For account of the duel, which laid low one of the Hollands see Pdctiiresque Quebec. The tree, however, has lately been destroyed by a storm. f A st^itely Convent of Congregational Nuns. X The ornate country seat of Robt. Haniiltun, Esq. II Tiie cosy dwellini; of And. Thomson, Presidi.'iit, Union Dank. § The homestead of Hon. David A. Kuss. — Si- accommodation. Let him cross then to St. Josenh, Ldvis, ih the ferry steamer, and go and behold the most complete, the most formidable, as to plan, the most mocfern earthworks, making one foi-get those of Antwerp. They are capable of containing three regiments of soldiers. At a point to the north-east of the lower fort, a plunging fire from above can be brought to bear, whifh would sink the most invul- nerable ironcla4 in the world. — 35 — t. Jo8ej)h, ehold the plan, tho •get those ling three th-east of ve can be ost invul- To The Author of^'A CJiance Acquaintance," t&c., W. D. HOWELLS, Cambridge, BOSTON. The History of Ciiateau-Bigot is respect- fully inscribed in remembrace of the pleasure experienced by the writer, on perusing Mr. Howells' delightful account of " A Pic-Nic" at the Chateau. J. M. L. Spencer Grange, • Sillery, 1st August, 1874. ri a bi fii -37 — CHATEAU-BIGOT ITr HISTORY AND ROMANCE ;' Ensconced 'mid trees this chateau stood- Mid flowers eadi aisle and porch • At eve soft music charnud the ear'— High blazed the festive torch. But, ah ! a sad and mourntal tale Was her's who so enjoyed The ttansient bliss . these fair shades- By youth and love decoyed. Her lord w. s true-yet ho Wcis false, jbalse— false— as sin and hell— jTo former plights and vows he gave To one that loved him well." The Ilermitage. Fiom time immemorial an antique and massivo rum, standing in solitary loneliness, in the ce"^e of a clearing at the foot of the Charlesbourg mountain five miles from Quebec, has been visited by th^ young and the curious. It was once a two-storv stone building, with thick ponderous walls. In lengU. t is fi%-flve feet by thirty-five feet broad-piel-ced for « -38- six windows in each stoiy, with a well proportioned door in the centre. In 1843, at the date of my first visit the floor of the second story was yet tolerably sti-ong : I ascended to it by a rickety, old staircase. The ruin was sketched in 1858, by Col. Benson Los- sing and reproduced in Harper's Magazine for Ja- nuary 1859. The lofty mountain to the north-west of it is called La Montaone des Ormes ; for more than a century, the Charlesbour^ peasantry designate the ruin as La Maison de la Montague. The English have christened it The Hermitage, whilst to the French portion of the population, it is known as Chateau- Bigot, et Beaumanoir ; and truly, were it not on ac- count of the associations which surround the time worn pile, few would take the trouble to go and look at the dreary object. The land an which it stands was formerly included in the Fief de la Trinite, granted between 1640 and 1650 to Monsieur Denit?, a gentleman from La Eo- chelle, in Fiance, the ancestor of the numerous clan of Denis, JDenis de la Ronde, Denis de Vitr^, &o, * This ♦ I am happy to be able to throw some additional light on the early times of this mysterious ruin, which has so much perplexed Quebec antiqunries. T'is probable this stately mansion was built by the great Intendant Talon as the Baronial chateau, permitted by his grant, (see Seigrnoral Documents, 18.VJ — « page 444 and 448) according to which he was empowered to establish gaols, a four- post gibbet a post with an iron collar on which his arms should be engraved " Of all this redoubtable feudal pomp, there are no vestiges now extant. Of how the chateau fared from Talon's time to Bigot's, we have failed to unearth any information. After the conquest, the land came by ptirchase into the pos- session of the Stewart family, lately represented by the Hon John Stewart — a most interesting but lengthy letter from one of the Stewart's, describing the winfer months he spent at the Hermitage in ITTo-ti, whilst Arnold, held for Congress, the environs of Quebec is in my possession. Mr. Wm. Crawford, the late owner of the land and ruins, having kindly allowed me the use of his title- 39 — ftioned ny first lerably aircase. on Los- for Ja- -west of 3 than a late the Lsh have French ;;)hateaa- ot on ac- he time and look included 1640 and [i La Ko- ous clan c. * This ght on the 1 perplexed , was built !, permitted 14 and 448) lols, a four- which his udal pomp, fared from formation, ito the pos- e Hon John one of the Hermitage s of Quebec ner of the ,f his title- seignioiy was subsequently sold to Monseigneur de Laval, a descendant of the Montmorency's who found- ed in 1663 the Seminary of Quebec, and one of the most illustrious prelates in New France : the portion towards the mountain was dismembered. "When the Intendant Talon formed his Baronie Des Islets, f he annexed to it certain lands of the Fief de la TrmiUy amongst others that part on which now stand the re- mains of the old chateau, of which he seems to have been the builder, but which he subsequently sold. Bigot, having acquired it long after, enlarged and improved it very much. He was a luxurious French gentleman who more than one hundred years ago, deeds. I read that " Charles Stewart, avocat et notaire demeur- ant a Quebec, proprietaire du fief de Grand Pie, autrefois dit De la Mistant^iienne ou Mont Plnisir, & la Canardifere, par ttcte de Vente du !i6 Juin l/cJO, devantJeanAntoine Panet, N. P. conceda ^ titre de cens et rentes seigueuriales k Monsieur Jean Lees, le Jeune, Simon Fraser, le Jeune, et William Wilson, negociant en cette ville, 10 arpents de front situ^s dans le fief Grand Pre ou Mont Piaisir, u la Can.-ircli^re, au lit u nonime La Montugne ou THermitage, prenant d'un bout, vers le sud aux terres de Joseph Bedard, et Jean-Baptiste LeRoux dit Cardinal, et allant eu jjro- fondeur vers le nord quatorze arpents ou environ, jusquii la vielle cloture du verger, icelui verger compris en la presente concession et vente, les dix arpents de front joignant du c6te du siid-nuebt aufietdela Trinitc, appartenaut au Seminaire, et du cute du nord-ouest h. la terre de Jean Cliatiereau, ensemble la maison k duux elage8, une grange et une etable en bois, construits sur les dits dix arpents ' The property was resold the ,12th August, 1805, by John Lees et a/, to Charles Stewart, Esq., Comptroler of Customs, Quebec. t May, 167.', Louis the XIV" and Colbert granted to Monsieur le Conite Talon, Intendant, the Seigniory des Ilets, "t(gether with those three nei^hborinj^ villages to us belonjiirig the first called Bouig Royal, the second B juig la Reine, the third, Bourg Talon, 8ubse(juentiy changed into the Barony of Orsainville." — Ferlandi ii Vol., p. G^O — 40 — V held the exalted post of Intendant under the French Crown, in Canada. J In those day the forests which skirted the city were abundantly stocked with game : deer of several varieties, bears, foxes, perhaps even that noble and lordly animal, now extinct in Lower Canada, the Canadian stag or Wapiti, roamed in herds over the Laurentine chtun of mountains and were shot within a fcw miles of the Chateau St. Louis. Tliis may have been one of the chief reasons Avhy the French LucuUus owned the castle, which to this day b ars his name — a resting place for himself and fi'iends after the chase. The profound seclusion of the spot, combined with its beautiful scenery, would have rendered it attractive during the summer months, X Hawkin's Picture of Quebec will give us an idea of the splendour in which the Intendant lived in his town residence : " Immediately thronuh Palace Gate, turning towards the left, and in fiont of the Ordinnnce building and store-houses, once stood an edifice of great extent, surrounded by a spacious garden looking towanls the iiiver St Charles, and as t'^ its interior decorations, far more sph'ndid than the Castle of St. Lewis. It Wiis th(; Palace of the Intendant, so called, because the sittings of the Sovereign Council wore held there, after the establi.'-hnKnt of the Royal Government in New Fiance. A small district adjoining is still called Le Palais hy the old inhabitants, and ihe nam<; of the gate, (since removed) and of the well-proportioned street which leads to it, are derived from the same origin. " The Intendant's Palace was described by LaPotherie, in 16". )H, as consisting of eighty toises, or four hundred and eighty feet ot buildings, so tlint it appeared a little town in itself. The King's stores were kept there. Its situation does not at the present time appear advantageous, but the asp< ct of the River 8t. Charles was widely dfferent in those days The property in the neighborhood belon-ied to 'the Government, ov to the Jesuits : large meadows and flowery j)arterres adorned the banks of the River, and reached the base of the rock ; and as late as the time of Charlevoix, in l/'iO, that quarter of the city is spoken of as being the most beautifid. The entrance was into a court, thi ongh a lisrge mute w..y, the ruins of which, in St, Valier Street, still remain. n — 41 — French 8 which h game : perhaps itinct in , roamed ains and ^t. Louis. why the : this day iself and elusion of ly, would r months, idea of the esidence : rcls the left, louses, once ?ious garden its interior . Lewis. It the sittings t;iblii-huKnt lall district ,nts, nnd ihe )roportioned gin. •other ie, in and eighty litself. The not at the the River 8t. perty in the ^le Jesuits : )ankH of the as the time Kpoken of .IS .nrt, thiniigh Street, btill even without tlio swoet repose it ht»d in store foi' a tired hunter. Ti'adition a.sci'ibes to it olli(3r purposes, ami amusements less perniissiblc than those of the chase. A traii'ical occurence enshi'ines the old build- in^- with a tinge of myste;y. Franyois Bii^ot, thii'teenth and last Intendiint of the Kinics of France in Canada, was born in the province of (xuienne, and descended of a family distino-uished by professional eminence jit the French bjvr. His Commission bears date ''10th June, 1747," the In- tentlant had the charge of foui* departments : Justice, Police, Finance and Marine. Me had previously filled the post of Intcndant in Louisiana, and also at Louis- boui'g. The disaffection and revolt which his i-apa- city caused in that city, were mainly instrumental in pnjducing its downfull and surrender to the English commander, Pejjperell, in 1745. Living at a time when tainted morals and official coi-ruption ruled at coui't, beseems to liavo borrowed his standard of morality from the mother country: his malversations in office, his extensive frauds oi» the treasury, some £100, 000; his colossal speculations in provisions and commis- sariat supplies furnished by the French government to the colonists during a famine; his dissolute con- duct and final downfall, ai'e fiuitful themes, w'here- from the historian can draw wholesome lessons for afl generations. Whether his Charlesbourg (then called Bourg Royal) castle was u ed as the receptacle of some of his most valuable booty, or whether it was merely a kind of Lilliputian Pare au Cerfs, such as his I'oyal master had, tradition does not say. It would appear, however, that it was kept U]^ by the plunder wrung from soriowing colonists, and that the largo profits he made by paiiing fVom the scanty pittance the French ii'overnment allowed the starvinir rcsi- -^42 — dentp, were here lavished in gambling, riot and luxury. In May, 1*75*7, Ihc population of Quebec was reduced to subsist on four ounces of bread per diem, one lb. of beef, HORSE-FLESH or codfish; and in April of the following year, this miserable allowance was reduced to one-half. " At this time, " remarks our historian, Garneau, '* famished men were seen sinking to the <3arth in the streets from exhaustion. " Such wei'e the times during which * Louis XY.'s XY's minion would retire to his Sardanapalian retreat, to gorge himself at leisure on the life-blood of the Canadian people, whose welfare he had swoi-n to watch over ! Such, the doings in the days of La Pom- padour. The results of this misiule were soon appa- I'cnt : fhe British lion qnietly and firmly placed his paw on the coceted morsel. The loss of Canada was viewed, if not by the nation, at least by the Fj'cnch Court, wiih indifference. Voltaire gave his friends a banquet at Ferney, in commemoration of the event ; the court * These were times in which royalty did not shine forth in peculiarly attractive colors. On one side or the English Channel loomed out the eft\ min ite figure of the French Sultjin. Louis XV., revelliufi- undisturbed in the scented bowers of his harem, tliL* Pare aux Cerfs ; La Pom/>adotir, managing state matters ; on the other, a Brunswicker, (Georue II) one who, we are told, ''had neither dignity, learning, mouils, nor wit — who tainted a grt*t society by a bad example : who, in yduih. manhood, old age, was gr ss, low and sensual:" — although Mr Porteus, (nfterwards My Lord Bishop Porteus) says ihe earth was not good enough for him, and that his only phice was heaven! — whose closing speech to his dyinL^ loving, true-hearted Queen is thus rel ded by Thackery : " With the fihn of death over her eyes, writhing in intolerable puin, she yet had a livid smile Jind a gentle word for her master. You have read the wonderful histoiy of that death-bed ? How she bade him marry again, and the reply the old King Idubbered out, " A'o7i, non, faurai des maitresses. There never was suck a ghastly tarce. " — {l^he Four Georges.) h hi m fir en th til l.a L( tin BU th( dci fed Co [II ic OIU )re his (he I |)n t A U'OO :)iirf- Ihe ouen hortl d b{ seer ibyri riot and as reduced m, one lb. pril of the [IS reduced historian, ing to the onis XV/s an reti-eat, ood of the I sworn to of La Pom- soon appa- 'ced his paw v^as viewed, inch Court, 9 a banquet the court ;hine forth in ;lish Channel iultjin. Louis lol his harem, le matters ; on lare toUl, ''had linted a grt*t I, old age, was (afterwards ^ood enough Iwhose closing thus rel ited ^es, writliing gentle word history of that the reply the Xtrems. There \ges.) — 43 — favorite congratulated Majesty, that since lie had got rid of these " fifteen thousand arpents of snow," he had now a chance of sleeping in peace; tho minister Choiseul urged Lonis the XV to sign tho iinal treaty of 1768, saying that Canada would b