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QU
3MM®IJfM
HISTORICAL NOTES
ON
wm
\
BUEBEC AND ITS ENVIRONS
41-
p
Aut
L
Th
HISTORICAL HOTES
ON
mm AND ITS ENfIRO
IV
BY
J. M. LrMOINE, '
Author of « Quebec Past and Present ; " « Chronicles of the St.
Lawrence ; •' Maple Leaves ; " « Picturesque Quebec,'^ etc.
^ DRIVE TO INDIAN LORETTE.
INDIAN LORETTE.
TAHOURENCHE, THE HURON CHIEF.
THE ST. LOUIS AND THE STE. POY ROADS.
CHATEAU BIGOT.
LAVAL UNIVERSITY, PICTURE GALLERY.
These Historical jottings are intemled to snpply the omissions
ID the Guide Books.
SECOND EDITION
QUEBEC
PRINTED BY 0. DARVEAU
82 to 84 Mountain Hill.
1887
Z ^/
- y / ;'
. /
2 915 6 3
TO
HER EOYAL HIGHNESS
THE
PRI:NCESS LOUISE
THESE NOTES ON QUEBEC AND ITS BlfYIBONS, ETC,
ABE BY SPECIAL PEBMISSION, RiaPECTrCLLT
INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR
J. M. LlMOIXE.
Spencer Grauge 4th Jane 1819,
c
vill
Jul:
wit]
mil(
aubi
pik(
Ish
and
whi]
Stan
Her
i^eni,
the I
us th
A.N
earlj
A VISIT TO THE INDIAN LORETTE,
Of the many attractive sites in the environs of the
city, few contain in a greater degree than the Iliiron
village of Lorette, during the leaf^ months of June,
July and September, picturesque scenery, combined
with a wealth of historical associations. The nine
miles intervening between Quebec and liio rustic
auheivje of the village, thanks to an excellent turn-
pike, can be spanned in little more than an hour.
I shall now attempt to recapitulate some of the sights
and incidents of travel which recently befell me,
while escorting to Lorette an old world tourist, of
YQYj high literary estate, the Eevd. Arthur Penhryn
Stanley, then Dean of Westminster and Chaplain to
Her Majesty. Fortunately for myself and for my
genial but inquisitive companion, I was fi-esh from
the perusal of Bressani, Ferland and Faillon, as well.
as the excellent French sketch '' TaliourencM.'' which
A. K. Montpetit had published, to whom I take this
arly opportunity of making due acknowledgment.
ly agreeable and distinguished companion had spent
— 6 —
one (lay in the old capital, si^ht-secing. IIo had
devoted the whole forenoon, visiting
The CrTADEL on Cape Diamond,
The site of the old Fuencii Walls
AVoLFE AND 3I0NTCALMS Monument,
The Laval University— its Museum and Picture
Galllry,
The Literary and Historical Society and its
Museum,
The French Basilica — its Relics, Paintings, ^c,
The Ursuline Convent and its famous Oil
Paintings,
The Duff ERIN Terrace— the Dufferin Improve-
ments,
The Kent Gate,
The New Parliament Buildings,
The Plains op Abraham,
Spencer Wood and its Grand Kiver Views,
where His Honor Lieut.-Governor Letellior had
asked some of the Quebec literati to meet the
literary lion, after luncheon. The Dean had engag-
ed a comfortable carriage and driven down to
the Falls op Montmorency, the promenade obligee of
all tourists, — crossing over to the east bank and
contemplating the striking panorama and glitter-
ing distant city roofs, from the very spot, may hap,
on which Wolfe, in July, 1759, bad stood, whilst sett-
ling the details of the campaign, which by its results
was to give the Anglo-Saxon, he who rejoices in
'• Chatham's tongue, " the supremacy in the New
World.
The Natural Steps and the historic ford adjacent
N(
Ho had
} Picture
AND ITS
riNOS, ^C,
US Oil
Improve-
'lEWS,
ellior had
meet the
lad engag-
down to
obligie of
bank and
d glitter-
may hap,
(rhilst sett-
its results
•ejoices in
the New
i adjacent
— 7 —
thereto, defended in 1759 by Montcalm's militiamon
iind Indians, ha<l boon inspooted ; nothing had o.-^cap-
cd the eaglo ghinco of the learned man. My func-
tions as Cicoronne, confined to a visit to Lorette
woi'o to commence on the morrow.
With a mellow autumnal sun, just sufficient to
bronze the sombre tints, lingering at the close of the
Indian summer, we loft the Citadel, where Dean
Stanley was the guest of the Gove/nor General, Loid
Uutferin, and rapidly diovo through Fabrique and
and Palace streets, t')wanls the unsightly g:ip in our
city walls, of yore yclept Palace Gate, which, thanks
to his powerful initiative, we expect yet to see bridqed
over with gracefull turrets and Norman towers. The
New City Gates and imposing DufTorin Terrace have
fiince been built, a lasting proof of his interest in the
welfare of Quebec.
A turn to the west brought us opposite to the
(•scarcely porcoptiblo ruins of the Palace * of the
French Intendants, destroyed hy the Pjnglish shells
in 1775, to dislodge Arnold and Montgomery's Now
England soldi^iy.
The pa' k which intervened fo;*merly between it and
the St. Charles many years ba k was converted into a
wood yard to store the fuel for the garrison ; a po: ti on
now is used as a cattle market; opposite, s'and the
station and freight sheds of the Can. Pauitic Railway ;
the road skirts the park towai-ds the po|)ulous S5
Koch suburbs, rebuilt and transforme I since the i,neat
tire of 28th May, 1845, which destroyed 1,600 Iiouncs,
occupying the site of former spacious pasture grounds
* Originally a bewory owned l.y Inltndant T.ilon, and soM to
the French King in IHx), for !.'>,< '"<• ^c//a liJitiT on, tin' I ten-
daiit's Palace in ma^nirtcenco riva'led the Chuteat Si. Lous.
J. K. iiosvvoii's new and t'xtt'a.>ive Mail HoiifcX was built in ic-iO,
uu its still solid foundations.
fov the city cows, styled by the early French Za Yo^
cherie. In :i trice we reach Doi'chester br dge, the
8(H'on(i one, built there in 1^22 — th*; first, opened
Willi ,<i:'oat ponij) by His ExcelKncy L )rd Dorchester
ill IT^D, havin<;' been constnicti d a few acres to the
west, ai'.d cjilUd afiei* him. The bi'idge, as a means
of crossiijo- fVorr oneshoi-eto the other, isan undoubt-
ed itiijn'o.voim'ni on the scoav used up to 1789.
One of the fi si ()!)ji'cts on (piittint'; the bridge and
divcriiiiig wcslwnrd, towards the Chai'les[)()urg road,
Oil llic y'wvi L).*!i)i<. is ih(^ stately, solid, antique man-
sion of ihi' l.itt' Ml' Chs. Smith, who at one time owned
nearly all ihe lir<';i<l {jcres intervening between this
hou>c and Gros Pin. The area took, iov a tini'', the name
ot'Smithville and was iidieiited by several members of
his family, who built cosy cottjiu'es thei-eon. These
green lields iiiiig*^! wiih white birrh and spi'uce plan-
tations, ni-o w:'.t(';cd hy the St. Charles, the Kahlr-
]\<nhnt^'^ of ancient days. In tear of one of the tiist
villas, RhiiijU'bl^ owned l)y Geo. Kolmes Parke, E-q.,
I'unslhe diimnntive stream, the Jjairet, at the con-
fluence of whit 1 .lacques-Cai'tiei- wintered in IfiSo-G,
leaving the; cone of his ships, the Petite-IIermme, of
60 tons, whose (1 cayed oak timbers were exhumed
in 18t;] by Jos. Jlamrl. City Surveyor of Quebec. A
very remark i hie vesti^•e of French domination exists
behind the villa, of. Mi* Parke- a circular field (hence
the nanu^ PiiiLi-fielii) covei'ing about twelve acres,
&U1 rounded I'V a ditch, with an earth work about
twenty feet higli, to the east, to shield its inmates
* K(ihir-<Ko)J)<it '■^ a nx aiKU'rinu: stream." Abatsistari's house
()t»riiioi'iy l'<)|ii;ir Giovc, ilje lioiucst' ad ol L. T. McPhcrsoii, E.sq),
on the nordi bii.k ot ilu: tSt. Ciiailcs, is iidw cjtlled Kahir-K vLat
n rt', tormt'ily, dw"lt, we ave told, Col. Du iialabciiy, lliu U^io of
Cliatcaijgujiy, lUilil ISll.
h La Yo'
r dge, the
t, opened
)ar(*hester
res to the
5 a means
I undoubt-
S9.
)iidu;e and
:)urii" road,
i(|ue nian-
ime owned
Uvcen this
', the name
members of
:)n. Thebe
iriice plan-
he Kalilr-
)f Ihe til St
u'kc, E-q.,
t the con-
in ir)35-G,
ermine, of
exhumed
uobcc. A
Ition exists
'Id (hence
Ivc acres,
loik about
ts inmates
atari's house
K'lson, Et^q),
Aihir-K viat
., I he Utro of
— 9 —
from the shot of Wolfe's fleet lyln<j^ at the entrance
of the St. Charles, before Qn^boc. A minute de-^ci-ip-
tion has been given by General Levi's aide-de-cunp,
the Chevalier Johnstone*, of what was going on, in this
earthwork, where at noon, on the 13Lh Sept., 175;^,
* An eye-witncsR, the Chcvjilif r Johnsfono. thus writes :
'' Tiie Fi'tnch amiy in Hij^ht, «■ jittdH^'l and entirely clH^.erscfl.
rushed towards the town. Fiw of thuin entert'd Qiiobec : tliey
Avent down the heii::lits (^f Al>rali.'iiii, opposite to the intendant s
P.ila "c (p'lst 8t Jolin's gate), diK.'Ctuiu^ (iicir course to the Imrn-
work, and followinu" the bordrrs of th-^ Uiver St. Ch irles
" Ii is impossible loinia.:ine the d sorder and confusion that I
found in the hornwork
" Tlie hornwork had the River St. Charles betoro it, about
seventy pjices broud, whicb served it better than an artiti(i;d
ditch : its front facinu' tho river and tlie heiiihts, was com[)(»se I
of strong, tlii( k anH high palisades, planted per[iendicuhuly. wi;h
gun-lioles [»ierced for several pieces <if Jrirge cannon in it : tiie
river is deep an^l only fordable at low water, at a musket slut
bef«)re the fort This ma.le it more difficult to be force 1 on ih.it
side than on its i»ther side of earthworks facing Ji<'aiiport, v/iich
had a more fonnidab c appearance ; and the hornwork cerranly
on that side wa> not in ttie iea>t (liinger of ixnng taken ly the
English, l>y an assauit from tlie other s do of the river
" M. de Vaiidreiiil was c.oseted in a lumse m tlie inside ot the
hornwork with the Int-'udant (B got) and with some other jier-
sons. 1 SMspi cted they W'jre busydnfting tic artick'sfora ;;e-
ueral capitniation, and I entered tlie house, wheic I had <>nly
time to see ihe Intt-n lant, with a pen in h's hand, writing upon
a sheet ot paper, when Al.de Vaudreuil told me I had no hii>i-
ness there. Hiving answered him thai what he said wa-« tru'-. T
leiired immeoiaiely, in Aviath, to see tliem intent on giving up s ►
scandalously adependen(y for the jireservation of which so mu' h
bloo t and tiea>ure had been exi)eiide(l. On ieav.U', the house. 1
met \1 Dahpiier, an old, biave, viownriuht hoin st n.an, c<»mnian-
der of the Ri ginient of iJearn, with the true char cter ot a good
officer — the nwuks of Mais ail over his boWy. J lold him it was
being debated, wiihin the house, to give uptilanaiia to ihe Knt:lih
by a cajjiiulation, and I hurried him in t(t stand up for the King's
cause, and advocate the widfare of the coiintiv I then quitted
the hornwork to join Foularies at the Uivinc of lie tiport, hut
having met him about thiec or four huuihed paces irom the
— 10 —
wore mustered the disorganized French squadrons, in
full retreat f om the Plains of Abraham towards
their camp at BL'auport. Here, on that fatidical day,
wasdt'bated the surrender of the colony the close of
French power, at the fiist settlement and winter quar-
ters of the French pioneers — Cartier's hardy little
band.
From this spot, at eight o'clock that night ^l:^th
Sept.), began the French retreat towards Charles-
bourg church ; at 4 a. m. the army was at Cape Eouge,
disordered, panic-stricken.
On ascending a hill (Clearihue's) to the north, the
eye gathers in the contour of a dense grove, hiding in
its drooping folds " Auvergne," the former secluded
country seat of Chief Justice Jonathan Sewell, now
owned by George Alford, Esq.
A mile to the north, in the deep recesses of Bourg
Royal, rest the fast crumbling and now insignificant
ruins of the only rural Chateau of French origin
round Quebec. Was it built by Talon, or by Bigot ?
an unfiilhomable mystery. Silence and desertion at
present reign supreme, where of yore Bigot's heartless
wa^ail4i's used lo meet and gamble away King Louis'b
card money and piastres.
" And sunk jire tho voices that Founded in mirth.
AaU empty the goblets and Ureaiy the hearth ! "
hornwork, on his way to it, I tohl him what was beina: discussed
thi'ro. He auMVi red me that sooner than c«)nst'nt to a capitula-
tion, he would slied the last drop ot his blood. He told me to
l'^« k on his talde and house as my own, advised me to go there
directly to repose niyself, and clappinu h|)UI8 to iiis horse, he fl«'d
like liiihtning to the hornwork." — {Johnstone's Diary of Siege of
Quebec, 1751) )
— 11 -
adrons, in
I towards
[lical day,
10 close of
nter qiiar-
i-dy little
ight a^th
is Charles-
ape Kouge,
north, the
3, hiding in
)!• secluded
ewell, now
es of Bourg
iisigniticant
uch origin I
by Bigot ?
escrtion at
,'6 heartless
ing Louis's
lirth.
nil ! "
•in.i? discussed
a capitii la-
He told me to
to go there ]
horse, he fl«*d
\ry of Siege of
The tower or boudoir, where was immured the Al-
gonquin maid Caroline *, the beautiful, that too has
crumbled to dust The Bossi'gnol and Hermit thrush
now waj bio their soft melody over th'j very spot which
once e(!hoed thodyingshrick of this dusky Eosaiiiond ;
the poniard of a rival had struck deeply, had struck
home. Charlesbourg, in pint colonized bylntendant
Talon's quiet peasantry, with its white cottages, its
frugal colonists, its erect cedar picket fences, like
stockades or French sentries forgotten to prevent In-
dian surpi'ises, amidst its lands, which fan-liko nil la-
diatef from a common centre, the parish church, is
not a bad type of the primitive New France village.
But let us hurry on over the pleasant road,
meandering round the crest of the highlands, towards
the quaint Indian ecUlement of Lorette, for a glimpse
of which my compnnion is longing. Ilcrc we are at
last, but whore is the wigwam of th^ chief medicine
man, his chichiquois and totemfi f I had expected an
Indian greeting such as rejoiced the ears of friend
Ahatsisturiy when recently ho csco: tod iheio ihe light-
• Beyond the iirnniR^flkeahle vesticrrR of it*-' brvirifr honn of
early French conKlruclicii, th( n- is n thing kin wn ot the or. gin
undtr French rule, of Bigots li.tle Chateau. History is repltte
with details about his peculations and final punishment in the
Bastile of France ; possibly the legends in piose and in verse,
which mantle round the time-wurii ruin, have no other founda-
tion than the lictioiw of the pott jsnd the novelist. Thanks to
Amedee Papineau, W. Kirby, Jos. Marmt tte, Eimond Rousseau,
Beaunianoir, Bigot's Chateau, is now immortalized.
t Louis XIV, granted to his C maclian Intendant Talon, in
1605, the lands of Bonrg-Uoyal, Bourcr La Reine, Bourg-Talon.
The great Intendaai hud iocut d Frcut-hbuuititi here ; — the lots
were divided and tapered cflf to a point round the church, so that
in the event of au Indian raid the tolling ot the bell— ^c tocsin —
might call them to arms and niiike them concentrate in one spot.^
— 12 —
licarted offi' ers of tho French frigate Laiylace,
anchored under Cap Diamond.
" Quakj I quaig ? oiataro ! (Goo 1 morning ! Good
morning ! Fj'iond !) and tlio response " Quaig ! Quaig !
(Good morning ! Good morning !) was ready, wlien
instead of tlie great Cliief TuhourencM, a cornel}^
young woman, with nothing in her air to remind you
of Pocahontas, in classic French, informed us that if it
vv'as her father Paul we were seeking, he was not at
liome, she regi'etted to say. We were polite y asked
to come in and rest, and as I was known to her father,
ji silver tray with French wine was bi'ought in ;
j.ioud w^e felt in pledging the health of the great Ta-
hourcndU, whose hospitable roof, says Ahatsistari, has
sheltered "dukes, counts and earls," as well as many
men famous in letters, war and trade.
TAHOURENCHE.
" I'm the cliif^ftain of this mountain,
Times and seasons found nie liere,
^ly drink lias b(*en the crystal fountain,
My fare tbc wild moose or the deer."
{Tht HuuoN Chief, hg Adam Kidd.)
Wo give here a faithful portrait of this noble savage,
such as ' ^n by himself and presented, we believe,
to tho 1 ..al University at Quebec j for glimpses of
13 —
Laplace,
; ! Good
Qaalg !
y, when
comely
lind you
that if it
[IS not at
I y asked
31- father,
Light in ;
rreat Ta-
jtari, has
as many
% Kidd.)
his origin, homo and snrioundings, we are indebted
to an honorary chief of the tribe, Ahatsistari. *
Paul TdliourencM (Franyois Xavier Picard), Great
Cliicf of the L )rctte Ilurons, was born at Indian
Lorctte in 1810; he is consequently at present (j^
yoars of age. lie is tall, erect, well proportioned,
dignilied hi face and deportment ; when habited in
his Indian regalia : blue frock coat, with bright
buttons and medals, plumed fur cap, leggings of
colored cloth, briglit sash and armlets, with Avar axe,
he looks the beau ideal of a respectable Huron warrior,
shorn of the ferocity of other days. Of the line of
Huron chiefs which preceded him we can furnish but
a veiy scant history, Adam Kidd, who wrote the
Huron Chufm 1829, and who paid that year a visit
to the Loietto Indians and saw their oldest chief,
Oui-a-ra-lih-to, having unfortunately failed to fulfil the
promise ho then made of publishing the traditions
and legends of the tribe furnished him on that
occasion. Of Oui-a-ra-lih-to, we learn from Mr.
Kidd, " This venerable patriarch, who is now (in 1829)
approaching the prei incts of a century, is the grapdson
of Tsa-a-ra- ih-to, head chief of the Hurons during the
war of 1759. Oui-a-ra-lih-lo, with about thirty-five
warriors of the Indian village of Lorette, in conjunc-
tion with the Iroquois and Aleonquins, was actually
engaged in the army of Bui-goyne, a name unworthy
to be associated with the noble spirit of Indian heroism.
During my visit to this old chief — May, 1829 — ; he
willingly furnished me with an account of the distin-
guished warriors, and the traditions of different
B savage,
believe,
mpses of
* Ahatsistari, such the name of the former great Huron warrior,
which Mr. Montpetit was allowed to assume when recently
elected Honorary Chief of the Council (f Sa' hems, posuibly for
the service rendered to the tribe, as their historiographer.
— 14 —
tribcp, which are still fresh in his memory, and are
handed from father to son, with the precision, interest
and admiration that the tales and exploits of Ossian
and his heroes are circulated in their original purity
to this day among the Irish." Mr. Kidd alludes also
to another great chief, Atsistari, who flourished in
1637, and who may have been the same as the Huron
Saul Ahatsistariy who lived in 1642.
THE HURONS OF LORETTE.
Of the powerful tribes of the aborigines, who, in
remote periods, infested the forests, lakes and sti-earas
of Canada, none by their prowess in war, wisdom in
council, success as tillers of the soil, intelligence and
lofty bearing, surpassed the Wyandats, or Huron s. *
They numbered 15,000 souls, according to the his-
torian Ferland ; 40,000 according to Bouchette, and
chiefly inhabited the country bordering on Lakes
Huron and Simcoe; they might, says Sagard, have
been styled the " nobles " among savages in contra-
distinction to that other powerful confederacy, more
democratic in their ways, also speaking the Huron
language, and known as the Five Nations (Mohawks,t
• I'he French named the Wyandats, Hiirons, from their style
of wearing their hair — erect and thrown buck, giving their head,
says the historian Feiland, tlie appearance of a boar's head,
" une hure de sang Her. '^
f The Dutch called them Maquas ; the English, Mohawks,
probably from the name of the river Mohawk which flows into
the Hudson.
, and are
, interest
of Ossiiin
al purity
udes also
rished in
be Huron
8, who, in
nd streams
wisdom in
tgence and
Hurons. *
to the his-
lette, and
on Lakes
gard, have
in contra-
acy, more
ihe Huron
Mohawks,t
>m their style
ig their head,
hoai'b head,
Bh, Mohawks,
ch flows into
— 15 —
Oiieydoes, Onondagas, Cayugas and Senecas), styled
by the French the Iroquois, or Hiroquois, from the
habit of their orators of closing their orations with
the word " Hiro " — I have said,
"Tis a curious fact that the aborigines whom Jac-
ques Cartier had found masters of the soil, at Hoche.
laga (Montreal,) and Stadacona (Quebec,) in 1535,
sixty-eight year later on, in 1603, when Champlnin
visited these Indian towns, had disappeared : a dittcr-
ent race had succeeded them. Though it opens a
wild field to conjecture, recent investigations seem
to indicate that it was the Huron-Iroquois nation who,
in 1535, were the eiifants du sol at both places, and
that in the interim, the Algonquins had, after bloody
wai's, dispersed and expelled the Huron-Iroquois. The
savages with whom the early French settlers held
intercourse can be compi'ised under two specific
heads — the Algonquins and the Huron-Iroquois— the
language of each differing as much, observes the
learned Abb^ Faillon, as French does from Chinese.
It would take us beyond the limits of this sketch
to recapitulate the series of raassficres which reduced
these warlike savages, the Hurons, from their high
estate to that of a dispersed, nomadic tribe, and placed
the Iroquois, or Mohawks, at one time nearly des-
troyed by the Hurons, in the ascendant.
Their final overthrow may be said to date back to
the great Indiiin massacres of 1H48-49, at their towns,
or missions, on the shores of Luke Simcoe, the first
misision being founded, in 1615, by the Friar, L Caron,
accompanied by twelve soldiers sent by Champlain
in advance of his own party. The Jesuit missions
where attacked by the Iroquois in 1648 j St. Louis,
— le-
st. Joseph *, St. Ignacef, Ste. Mario |. St.Joan |I, suc-
cossiv'cly fell, or were threatened ; all the inmates
wh'> escaped sought safety inflight; the protracted
siitterings of the misHionaries Breba'uf and (lahnel
Laliernant have furnished one of the brightest pages
ofChristiafi heroism in New France. BreUeuf ex-
pired on the IGth March, and Laliernant on ITth
March, 1()48. A parly of Huron sought Manitonlin
Island, then called Kkaentoton ; a few fled to Virgi-
nia ; others succeeded in obtainingprotectionon the
south shore, of Lake Erie, from the Erie ti'ibe, only
to share later on, the dire ftito of the nation who
had dared to incorporate them in its sparse ranks.
Father P. Kagucneau (the first writer, by the by,
who makes mention of Niagara FiiWa—RiMftions de
li)4S,) escorted three or four hundred of these terror-
stri( ken people to Quebec, on the 2Gth July, 1650, and
lodged them in the Island of Orleans, at a spot since
called Jj'Anse du Forf, where they wore joined, in
1051, by a party of Ilurons, who in 1(J49, on hearing
of the massacre of their western brethren, had asked
to wintoi* at Quebec. For ten years past a group of
Algonquins, Montagnais and Ilurons, amidst incessant
alai'ms, had been located in the picturosques parish
ofSillory; they, too, were in quest of a more secure
asylum. Negotiations were soon entered into bet-
ween them and their persecuted friends of the AVcst ;
a plan was put forth to combine. On the 20th March,
ItiSl, the Sillery Indians, ma'iy of whom were Ilurons
sauglit a shelter, though a very unsecure one, in a
* The mission of St. Joseph, composed of 400 Murou families,
Wiis suddoiily attacked by the Iroquois on the !th July, U)4S.
f St. Iguace was surprised nnd tjdien on Mith March, i(>41>.
j Ste. iMarie mission-b'>iise was given to tJie flumts by the
Jesuits themselves on I i)th Miy, \i\A\K
II St. Jean was ravaged on 7th December, 1849.
can II, suc-
3 inmates
protracted
(I (riil)nel
test pai^es
•cbceuf ex-
t on 17th
Manitonlin
(I to Vir.Ji;i-
!tion on the
tribe, only
lation who
ranlvH.
by the by,
^d( it Ions de
iiesc terror-
^,1650, and
a spot sineo
joined, in
on hearing
had asked
t a group of
st incessant
ques parish
more secure
Id into bet-
ifthe AVest;
9th March,
ere llurons
re one, in a
LHron families,
rmy, U)4S.
[iivh, U>4'K
flamis by the
— 17 —
fortified nook, adjoining their missionary's house, on.
the land of Eiconore de Grandmaison, purchased for
ihem at VAnse du Fort, in the Island of Orleans, on
the south side of the point opposite to Quebec. IIci-o
they set to tilling the soil with some success, cultivat-
ing chiefly Indian corn, their numbers being occa-
sionally increased during the year lf)50, by their
fugitive brethern fiom the WcNt, uniil they counted
above (JOO souls. Even under the guns of the picket
Fort of Orleans, which had changed its name to He
Ste. ]M;irie, in remembtanceof their foi*mei' residency,
the tomahawk and scalping-knife reached them ; on
the 20ih May, I G56, 85 of iheir number were carried
away captives, and six men killed, by the ferocious
Iioquois; and on the 4(h June, 1656, they had to fly
before theii* merciless tormentors. The big guns of
Furt 8t. Louis, which then stood at the north-west
extiemity of the spot on which — Dutfei'in Terrace
has lately been ei'ected, seen\cd to the llurons a moi'o
ett'eetual protection than the howitzers of An><e da
Fort, so tliey begged from Governor Daillebout for
leave to nestle under them in 1G5S. Twas gianted.
AVhen the Marquis de Tracy, had ari-anged a truce
with the Iro(|Uois in 1G()5, the Huron refugees bade
adieu to city life and to city dust. Two years later,
wo find them ensconced at Beaupoi't, where others
lind squatted on land belonging to the Jesuits; they
stopped there one year only, and suddenly left, in
1G(>7, to ]»itch theii' wigwams for a few years at Ci'tto
St. Michel, four and a half miles from Quebec, at the
Mission of Notre Dame d*) Foye, now called Ste, Foye.
On the 2t)th December, 1G73, restless and alarmed,
tlie helpless sons of the foivst sought the seclusion, leafy
shades and green tields of Ancietine Lorette. * Hero
* Tliis parish was called attgr the celebratcJ Church of Said^
-18-
thoy dwelled nearly twenty-five years. The youths
had grown up to manhood, with the terrilde memo-
ries of the patst still fresh in tlicir mindn. One tine
d:iy. allured hy hopes of more abnn<lant irame, they
packed up their household gods, and finally, in 1»J07,
they went and settled on the elevated plitenu, close to
1 ho foaming rapids of St. Ambroiso, now known as
Indian, ov Jeune, Lorette.
'Tis here we shall now find them, 330 souls all told,f
living in com])arativo ease, successful traders, ex-
emplary Christians, but fast decaying llurons.
'' The llurons," says Ahatsistari, J '' are divided into
four families: that of the Deer; of the Tortoise; of
\\\Q Bear ; of the Wolf. The children hail fi'om the
maternal side. Thus, the gi'eat Chief Francois Xavier
V\Qfivd ~ TaliOurencM — is a Deer^ and his son Paul is a
Tortoise, because (Her IIii;hness) Madame Tahou-
rencM is a Tortoise ; a lithe, handsome, amiable woman
for a 1 that.
^' Each family has its chief, or war captain ; he is
elected by choice. The four war captains ( hoose two
council chiefs ; the six united select a grand chief
Cr/srt, of Loretto, in Imly. The Huron missionary. Ffithor Chan-
monot, had disposid tht;ir huts around tho church, whith lie had
crcctefl in imi'adon of the Lorttto Chajjel in Italy, where he
lind se( n a visi< n of anjjcels.
t A census of the settlement tjiken on ?9th January, 187<>, ex»
hihit the population as ronipoKed of \VM'^ souls, divided as lollows :
Achilt Males, 94 ; Adult Feinales, l;i7 ; Boys, 41) ; Girls. ;>6.
Total. \VM\. \A.\ males to 19:5 females; bichelors must have beea
at a premium in the settlement. We understand that a complete
histor}' ( f the tribe is now in ronrse of pre| aration by the Revd.
Prosper "Vincent, a son of Chief Vincent.
X An excellent sketch in French has been published of Tohour-^
e7cheRnd his tribe, in the Opinion Ptibiique, unler the wo/zi de
plume of Ahatdistari which we think oni-self warranted in creditinc;
to the elegant pen of A. N. Montpetit, one of their honorary Chii fs.
I youths
3 memo-
One tine
10, thoy
in H;97,
close to
I I own as
all t()ld,t
loi'P, ex-
is.
•idod into
rtoise ; of
from tho
lis Xavier
Ptiiil is a
.0 Tahou-
)le woman
[\in ; he is
hoose two
md chief
ather Chan-
khich lie had
where he
las Vol lows :
5t have beea
t a f omple'te
y the Revd.
(1 of TuhouT'^
the nom de
in crcditincc
orary Chii fs>
— 19 —
either from amon<r themselves or from tho honorary
chiefs, if they think proper."
Tho Lorotte Chapel dates hack, as well as the Old
Mill, to 1731. I In 1862 tho Chapel suftered much by
fire. 1
The tribe occupies land reserved by Government,
under tho rei^ulations of tho Indian Bureau of
Ottawa. *' Indian Loretto comprises from forty to
fifty cottaf^es, on the pfateau of the falls — spread out,
without desiirn, over an area of about twenty square
acres. In the centre runs tho kinL'**s hii^hway, tho
outer half sloping down towards the St. Charles. Tho
most prominent objects are the Church, a grist mill
and Mr. Reid's paper mill ; close by a wooden fence
encloses "God's acre," in the centre of which a cross
maiks tho tomb of Chief Nicholas." * It is, indeed,
" a wild spot, covered with tho primitive forest and
seamed by a deep and tortuous ravine, where tho S*«
* Probably the same as alluded to in a quaint old enaravinp:
in our j)OsseKsion. Under the portrait of Chief Nicholas is printt-d
" Nicholas Vincent, Isawanhonhi." principal Christian chief and
Captain of the Huron Indians, established at La Jeune Lorette^
near Quebec, habited in the costume of his country, as when
presented to his Majcs'y George IV, on the 7th of April, l'*!L>r),
with three other Chiefs of his nation, by Generals Brock and
Car/>en'er, the chief benrs in his hand the wampum or collar, on
width is marked th»' tomahawk triven by his late Mijesty Georcre,
III. The gold medal on his neck was the gift of His Majesty on
this presenta'ion.
" They were accompanied and introduced into England on the
14th December, 1S124, by Mr. W Cooper, who, though an English-
nian, they take to be a chief of their nation, and better known to
them as iMxvi Tourhaiwchi:^
N. B.— It may he well to say that from the earliest times the
Lorette Indians have been in the habit of electing as " Honorary
Chiefs " Quebecers of note, who may have rendered service to the
tribe. A large oil painting is now in the pof^session of VVm.
Diirling Campbell, Esq., of Quebec, exhibiting the installation as
a Chief, in 1837, of the late Robert Symes, J P. of Quebec.
-20 —
Charles foams, white as a snow-drift, over the black
It'd^cs, and whore the sunshine struggles through
nuittcd boughs of the pine and the fir, to bask lor
brief momcMits on the mossy rocUs, or flash on tho
hunying waters. .... Here, to this day, tho
tourist tinds the remnants of a lost people, harinioss
weavers of bawkots and sewers of mocassins, tho
Huron blood fast bleaching out of them." I Purhnian.)
Of '* fvcQ and independent elector" none here exist
the little Lorotte world goes on smoothly wiihout
them. "No Huron on the reserve can vote. No white
man is allowed to settle within tlie sacred precincts
of the Huron kingdom, composed, 1st, of the lofty
Fluieau of the village of Indian Loi-ette, which tho
tribe occu])y. 2nd. Of the forty square (40 x 10)
acres, about a mile and a half to the noi'th-west of tho
village. 3rd, Of the liocmont settlement, in the
adjoining County of Portneuf, in the vejy henrt of
the Laurentine SlountaiLS, ceded to the llurons by
Government, as a compensation for the Seigniory of
^t. (Jabriel, of which Government took possession,
and to whidi the llurons set up a claim.
" In all that which pertains to the occupation, the
possession and the administration of these fragipents
of its ancient extensive territory, ihe usages and
customs of the tribe have force of law. The village is
governed by a Council of Sachems ; in cases of
misunderstandings an appeal lies to the Ottawa
Bmeau, under the control of the Minister of the
Interior (our Downing street wisely abstaining to
interfere except on VQvy urgent occasions). Lands
descend by right of inheritance ; the Huron Council
alone being authorized to issue location tickets; none
are granted but to Huron boys, strangers being
e;^clu(ied. Of course, these disabilities atfect the
bo black
buj^k lor
h on Iho
day, iho
banalot^s
sins, iho
^urhman.)
eve exist
r wiibout
No >vluto
precincts
the lofty
^vbich tho
(40 X iO)
rest of Iho
\i, in tho
■f hoMi't of
lurons by
io-niory of
possession,
)ation, tho
fragnients
;agos and
) villnij;c is
cases of
Ottawa
cr of tho
aininiJi; to
i). Lands
l)n Council
IvCts ; nono
H's being
laltect tho
— 21 —
denizens of the reserve only ; a I[nron (and there nro
some, Tifhourench4, Vincent and others) owninj^ lun<ls
in his own ri^ht elsewhere, and payin<^ taxes and
tithes, enjoys tho rights and immunities of any other
Britisli subject."
From the date of the Lorette Indian settlement ia
1607, down to the year of the capitulation of (Jucbeo
— 1759 — the annals of tho tribe atford but few stirring
incidents : an annual boar, beaver, or caribor 'aint ;
the return of a war part}', with its scali)s — Knglish,
probably — as the tribo had a wholesome horror of
meddling with tho Iroquois.
An occasional i^oio-wow as to how many wari'iors
could be spared toassist their trusted and brave allies,
the French of Quebec, against the heretical soldiers
of Old or New England.
We are in possession of no facts to show that theso
Christianised Ilurons diltered much from other
Christianised Idians ; church services, war-councils,
feasting, smoking, dancing, scalping, and hunting,
filling in, sociably, agreeably or usefully, the daily
routine of their existence. Civilization, as understood
by Christianised or by Pagan savages, has never
inspired us with unqualified admiration.
Tho various siege narratives we have perused,
whilst they bring in the Indian allies, at the close of
tlie battle, to " tinish off" the wounded at Mc^ntnio-
rency, in July, 1759; at the Plains of Abraham, in
September, 1759 ; at Ste. Foye, in April, 1700, gone-
rally mention the Abenaquis for this charming otUeo
oi'frlseurs. The terror, nay, the horror, which tho
tomahawk and scalping knife inspired to the British
soldiery, was often greater th m their fear of tho
Frencli musquetoons.
— 22 —
British rule, in 1759, if it did bring the Hurons
less of campaigning and fewer scalps, was the har-
binger of domestic peace and stable homes, with very
remunerative contracts each fall for several thou-
sands of pairs of snow-shoes, cariboo mocassins and
mittens for the English regiments tenanting the cita-
del of Quebec, whose wealthy officers every winter
scoured the Laurentine range, north of the city, in
quest of deer and cariboo, under the experienced
guidance of Gros Louis, Siou'i, Vincent, and other
famous Huron Nimrods.
The chronicles of the settlement proclaim the va-
lour and wisdom of some of their early chiefs ; con-
spicuous appears the renowned Ahatsistari, surnamed
the Huron. Saul, from his early hostility to mission-
aries ; death closed his career, on the verdant banks
of Lake Huron, in 1642, a convert to missionary
teachings.
At the departure of the French, a new allegiance
was forced on the sons of the forest ; St. George and
his dragon for them took the place of St. Louis and
his lilies. The Deer^ the Bear, the Tortoise and the
Wolf, however, ha^^e managed to get en well with the
Dragon, In 1776, Lorette sent its contingent of
painted and plumed warriors to fight General Bur-
goj^ne's inglorious campaigns. The services rendered
to England by her swarthy allies in the war of 1812
were marked ; each succeeding year, a distribution of
presents took place from the Quebec Commissariat
and Indian Department. Proudly did the Hurons,
as well as the Abenaquis, Montagnais, Micmac and
Malecite Indians bear the snow-white blankets, scar-
let cloths and hunting-knives awarded them by
George the King, and by the victors of Waterloo.
• Each year, at midsummer, Indian canoes, with
— 23 —
lurons
be har-
th very
thou-
ns and
he cita-
winter
city, in
rienced
i other
the va-
fs ; con-
Tnamed
mission-
it banks
ssionary
legiance
^rgo and
o\m and
and the
with the
igent of
eral Bur-
•endered
L- of 1812
bution of
missariat
Ilurons,
nac and
ets, scar-
ihem by
Waterloo.
^es,
their living freight of hunters, their copper coloured
squaws and black-eyed papooses, rushed from Labra-
dor, Gasp^, Restigouche, Baie des Chaleurs, and
pitched their tents on a point of land at L^vi, hence
called Indian Cove, the city itself being closed to the
grim monarchs of the woods, reputed ugly customers
when in their cups. A specials envoy, however, was
sent to the Lorette Indians on similar occasions. The
Indians settled on Canadian soil were distinguished
for their loyalty to England, who has ever treated
them more mercifully than did ** Uncle Sam."
What with war medals, clothing, ammunition, fer-
tile lands specially reserved at Lorette, on the Resti-
gouche, at Nouvelle, Isle Verte, Caughnawaga, St.
Regis, ire, the " untutored savage," shielded by a be-
neficent legislation, watched over by zealous mis-
sionaries, was at times an object of envy to his white
brethren ; age or infirmity, seldom war, tore him
away from this vale of sorrow, to join the Indian
" majority " in those happy hunting grounds pro-
mised to him by his Sachems.
The sons of the forest were ever ready to parade
their paint, feathers, and tomahawk, at the arrival of
every new Governor, at Quebec, ; and to assure Onon-
thio * of their undying attachment and unswerving
loyalty to their great father or august mother " who
dwells on the other side of the Great Lake." These
traditions have descended even to the time when
Ononthio was merely a Lieutenant-Governor under
Confederation. We recollect meeting, in plumes and
Saint, on the classic heights of Sillery, on the 31st
[arch, 1873, a stately deputation, composed of
• Means the Great Mountain ; the name they gave Governor de
Montmagny and his successors.
with
— 24 —
twenty-three Iliirons from Lorette, returning from
Clermont, the countiy Beat of Lieutenant-Governor
Caron, where they had danced the war-dance for the
ladies, and harangued, as follows, the respected Laird
of Clermont, just appointed Lieutenant-Governor: —
Onontiiio : —
Aisten tiothi nonSa^ tisohon dekha hiatanonstati
desoi cSaSendio daskemion tesontariai denonSa ation
datitoSancns tesanonronhSa nionde, aonSa desonSa-
Sendio deSa desakatade; aSeti desanonronkSanion
datitoSanens chia ta skeni alethe kiolaoutouSison tothi
chia hiaha aSeti dechienha totinahiontati desten de
sendete ataki atichiui aSeti alonthara deskemion
ichiontho desten tiodeti aisten orachichiai.
Rev. Prosper SaSatonen. The Memory Man. (Rev.
Mr. Vincent, a Chiefs son, then Yicar at Sillery.)
Paul TahourenchSj 1st Chief. The Dawn of Day.
Maurice Agnolin^ 2nd Chief. The Bear.
Francis Sassennio, The Victor of Fire.
Gaspard Ondiaralethi. The Canoe Bearer.
Philippe TheonSatlasta, He stands upright.
Joseph Gonzague Odilonrohannin. He who does
not forget.
Paul Jr. Theianontakhen. Two United Mountains.
Honors Tilanontoukh^. The Sentry.
A. N. Montpetit AhatsistarL The Fearless Man.—
And others j in all, 23 warriors.
• The 8 is pronounced out.
— 25 —
is: from
rovernor
B for the
ed Laird
>rnor : —
inonstati
i8a ation
dcsonSa-
nk8anion
son tothi
lesten de
eb;kcmion
n. (Rev.
lery.)
of Day.
ht.
fvho does
ountains.
ss Man.-^
[Tran slation.]
•' The chiefs, the warriors, the women and children
of our tribe, greet you. The man of the woods also
likes to render homage to merit ; he loves to see in
his chiefs these precious qualities which constitute
the state.- ra an.
*' All these gifts of the Grent Spirit: wisdom in
council, prudence in cxeculiun, and ihit sagacity wo
exact in the Captains of our nation, you possess thorn
all, in an eminent degree.
'• We warmly applaud your appointment to the
exalted post of Liculeiiant-ljrovei'nor of the Provi ce
of Quebec, and feel happy in taking advantage of the
occasion to present our coigratulations.
" May we also be allowed to renew the assurance
of our devolion toward ■> our Augiisl Mothor, wiio
dwells on the other side of the G.-eat L:ike, as woll as
to the land of our forefathers.
'' Accept for you, for Madame Caron and your
amily, our best wishes. "
P. S. — Whilst closing these lines, we learn that
TahourencM and his Huron braves will again be
dlowod * to renew that the assurance of their devo-
ion and loyalty to our gentle Queen, and that ere
Tiany suns set, in full costume they will Oit'er to
Ononthio, her envoy and her accomplished daughter,
he Princess Louise, their respectful homage, under
he whispering pines of Spencer Wood, where oft of
'Ore have roamed their forefathers.
Spencer Grange, 4th June, 1879.
J. M. LeMOINE.
• The Lorettc Hurons paid tiieir respects to His Excellonry
nd to H. K. H., the Princess Louise, later on, but not at Spencer
iVood.
— 26 —
THE DRIVE TO CAP ROUGE BY ST. LOUIS
ROAD, RETURNING BY ST. FOYE ROAD.
Indian Lorette is also accessible by the St. Foye
turnpike diverging northward by the Suette road,
past St. Foj^e church ; the route is lined with a num-
ber of pretty country seat and neat dwellings, begin-
ning at Mount Pleasant. Let us take the other road.
On emerging from St. Louis Gate, the first objee-t
which atti^acts the eye is the spacious structure of the
Skating Rink; the only charge we can make against
it, is that it is too close to St. Louis Gate. 'Tis the
right thing in the wrong place." Adjoining stood the
old home of the Prentices, in 1791, — Bandon Lodge,*
once the abode of Sandy Simpson, f whose cat-o'nine-
tails must have left lively memories in Wolfe's army.
Did the beauteous damsel about whom Horatio, Lord
Nelson, raved in 1782, when, as Commander of H. M.'s
frigate Albemarle, he was philandering in Quebec,
ever live here? J This seems very likely. The
Departmental and Parliament Building, an imposing
* The ornate residence of Honb. Jos, Sh-.hyn, M. P. P. occupies
now this historic Rite.
f Saundehs Simpson. — " He was Prevost Marshal in Wolfe's
army, at the affairs of Louisbourg, Quebec and Montreal, and
cousin of iny father's. He resided in that house, the nearest to
8iii"nt Louis Gate, outside, which has not undergone any external
alteration since I was a boy." — From Diary of Deputy Commiasary
General Jas. Thompson.
X Heceut evidence extracted by Dr. n. H. Miles out of the
Tiiompson papers and letters, lead to strengthen the theory
previously propounded, and to indicate Miss Mary Simpson,
daughter of Saunders Simpson, as the famed Quebec beauty of
LOUIS
OAD.
\i. Foye
te roiidy
i a num-
,, begi ri-
ll* road,
it objec-t
•e of the
against
'Tis the
tood the
Lodge,*
t-o'nine-
's army,
io, Lord
H. M.'s
Quebec,
The
n posing
occupies
1 Wolfe's
treal, and
nearest to
Y external
ommmary
)ut of the
le theory
Simpson,
beauty of
Y
— 27 —
square, facing east north south and ouost with a
spacious court yard in the centre, a jot-d'eau and lawns
are erected on the north side of the Gmnde Allec.
Close by looms out the handsome new Drill Shed.
^•Ferguson's house," next it, noted by Professor Silli-
man in his " Tour between Hartford and Quebec
in 1819," is now difficult to recognize; its late owner A.
Joseph, Esq., added so much to its size. Another land-
mark of the past deserves notice-^the ex-Commander
of the Forces lofty quarters ; from its angular eaves
and forlorn aspect, it generally went by the name of
^' Bleak House." I cannot say whether it ever was
haunted, but it ought to have been.* We are now in
the Grande AlUe — the forest avenue, which two
hundred years ago led to Sillery Wood. Handsome
terraces of cut stone dwellings erected by Hon b. P.
Garneau, Messrs Joseph Hamel, Roy, Bilodeau, add
much to the appearance of this fashionable nieghbor-
hood. On turning and looking back as you appi'oach
Bleak House, you have an excellent view of the
Citadel, and of the old French work-*, which exend
beyond it, to the extremity of the Cape, overlooking
VAnse des Mhes, A little beyond the Commandant's
house, at the top of what is generally kuow.i as Por-
rault's Hi II, stands the Perrault homestead, dating
back to 1820, YAsyle Champetre, — now handsomely
renovated and owned by Mrs Henry D.'nning. The
adjoining range of heights, at present occupied
by the Martello Tower, is known as the Butfes-a-
JVepveu, *' It was here that Murray took his stand on
the morning of April 28th, 1760, to resist the adviince
of Levi, and here commenced the hardest-fought —
the bloodiest action of the war, which terminated in
* The wi(lenin<j: ami paving of the Graide AUce, deserve also
to be iiotcil as si^ij^us of progress.
r-
— 28 —
tlic defeat of Murray, and his retreat within the oily.
The Martello Toweis are bomb proof, they are three
in nunibei", and foi-m a chain of forts extending along
the ridge from tho St. L iw:enec to the River St.
diaries. The f let th:il this ridge commanded the ci'y,
u ifortunateiy indiieed Miin-ay to leave it and attempt
to fortify tho luMght-^, in which he was only partially
successful, owing to ihe fro^t being still in the ground.
The British CTv)vernnnLent were made aware of the
fact, and seeing that from the improved ai'tillery, the
city was now fully commanded from the heights,
which are about seven hundred yards distant, decided
to build the Towoi-s. Arrangements were accordingly
made by Col. Brock, then commanding the troops in
Canada. In 1806, the necessary materials were collect-
ed in the following year their construction commenc-
ed. They were not, however, completed till 1812.
The original estimate for the four was £^'^0, but
before completion the Imperial government had ex-
pended nearly £l-,0'>0. They are not all of the same
size, but like all Martello Towers, they are circular
and bomb-proof. The exposed sides are thirteen foet
thick and gradually diminish like the horns of the
crescent moon, to seven feet in the centre of the side
next the city walls. The first or lower story, contains
tanks, storerooms and magazine; the second has cells
for the garrison, with port-holes for two guns. On the
top there used to be one G8-pounder carj'onade, two
24, and two 9-poJinders."
A party of Arnold's soldie.s ascended these heights
in November, 1775, and advanced quite close to the
city walls, shouting defiance at the little garrison. A
few shois t-oon dis))ci'sed the invaders, who retraced
their steps to AYolfc's Cove. On the Battes-a-NepveUj
the great criminals were formerly executed, llere
\ the city,
are three
in<T along
Ei.'cr St.
I the ci'y,
(1 attempt
' partially
le ir round.
are of the
illery, the
e heights,
it, decided
jcordingly
5 troops ill
)re collect-
commenc-
till 1812.
1^,000, but
it had ex-
f the same
•e circular
irteen feet
ns of the
3f the side
, contains
1 has cells
s. On the
lade, two
?e hci:j:hts
ose to the
rrison. A
retraced
U'NepveUj
llere
— 29 —
la Corriveau, the St. YalierLafarge, met her deserved
fate in 17(13, after being tried by one of General
^[urray's Court Martials for murdering her husband.
After death she was linug in chains, or rather in a
solid iron cage, at the foik of four roads, at Levis, close
to the spot where the Temperance monument has since
been built. The loathsome form of the murderess
caused more than one shulder amongst the peace-
able peasantry of Levis, until some brave young men,
one dark night, cut down the horrid cage, and hid it
deep under ground, next to the cemetery at Levis,
where close to a century ;ifterwards, it was dug up
and sold to Barnum's agent for his Museum.
Sergeant Jas. Thompson records in his diary, under
date 18th Nov., 178'?, another memorable execution :
" This day two fellows were executed for the mur-
der and robbcjy of Capt. Stead, cojnmander of one of
the Treasury Brigs, on the evening of the^Ust D(M\,
1779, between the Upper and the Lov/or Town. The
ci'iminals went through Port St. Louis, ahout 11
o'clock, at a slow arid doleful pace, to the place where
justice had allotted them to sutlei* the most ignomi-
nious death. It is astonishing to see what a crowci of
people followed the tragic scene. Even our people
on the works (Cape Diamond) prayed Capt. Twiss
for leave to follow the hard-hearted ci'owd." It was
this Capt. Twisft who subsequeiii ly furnished the pl;in
and built a teinporaiy citadel, in 179i).
Eleven years later, in 1793, we have, recorded in
history, another doleful ])i'oeession of red coals, the
Quebec Clari'ison, acconipa'iyi g to the same plaee of
of execution a mes.—mate (I)j'aper). a soldiei r)Ithc
IC'th Fusilcers, then commanded by 'he young Duke
of Kent, who, after pronouncing the sentence of doalh
as commander, over the trembling culprit, kneeling
— so-
on his coffin, as son and representative of the Sove-
reign, exercised the I'oyal prerogative of mercy and
]>aid()nod ])Oor Draper.
/Look down Perrault's hill tovvards the south. There
stands, with a few ^hruhsand trees in the foreground,
tlie Miliiary IIottio, — where infii'm soldioi's, their
wi. dows and children, < ould find a refuge. It has
iToently been purchased and convei'ted into the
" Female Orphan Asylum." It forms the eastern
]joiin<iaiy of a large ex|)anse of vei'dure and trees,
] caching tlj.' sun»inil of the If t oi'iginally intet)de . by
the Seminary of (^uel>cc for a Botanical Garden ; subse-
quently il was com em plated to huild their new semi-
nal y there lo aflbid the boys fresh air. Alas ! other
counsels prevailed.
Its westei'n houmlary is a road leading to the new
District Jail, — a stone structure of great strength,
surmounted with a diminutive tower, admirably
adapted, one would imagine, for astronomical pursuits.
From its glistening cupola, this Provincial Observa-
toiy is visible to the east.
I was forgetting to notice that substantial building,
dating from 1855 — the Ladies' Home. The Protes-
tant Ladies of Quebec have here, at no small expense
and ti'ouble, raised a fitting asylum, where the aged
and infirm find shelter. This, and the building
opposite, St. Bridget's Asylum, with its fringe of
trees and green ])l()ts, are real ornaments to the
Grande AlUe..
The old burying giound of 1832, with all its ghastly
memories of ihe Asiatic scourg, has assumed quite
an ornate, nay, a respectable aspect. Close to the
tolUbar on ihe Grande Allee, may yet be seen one of
the meridian stones which serve to mark the western
boundaiy of the city, west of the old Lampson Man-
— 31 —
the Sove-
lercy and
h. Thero
•eground,
)r8, their
!. It bus
into the
I astern
ind trees,
;ende . by
3n ; subse-
lew semi-
as ! other
the new
strength,
admirably
pursuits.
Observa-
building,
e Protcs-
expense
the aged
building
fringe of
8 to the
8 ghastly
ned quite
e to the
en one of
3 western
son Man-
sion. On the adjoining domain, well named "Battle-
field Cottage," formerly the property of Col. Charles
Campbell, was the historic well out of which a cup
of water was obtained to moisten the parched lips of
the dying hero, Wolfe, on the KUh Sept., 1759. The
well was filled in a few years ago, but not before it
was nigh proving fatal to Col. Campbell's then young
son — (Arch. Campbell, Esq., of Thornhill.) Its site
is close to the western boundary fence, in the garden
behind ''Battlefield Cottage." Here we are at those
immortal plains — the Hastings and Runnymede of
the two races once arrayed in battle against one
another at Quebec. The Plains of Abraham are the
eastern boundary of Marchmont, formerly owned by
John Gilmour, Esq., now magnificiently rebuilt by
Thos. Beckett, Esq.
A few minntes more brings the tourist to Mi*.
Price's villa- Wolfe-field, where may be seen the preci-
pitous path up the St. Denis burn, by which the
Highlanders and British soldiers gained a footing
above, on the 13th September, 1759, and met in battle
array to win a victory destined to revolutionize the
]^ew World. The British were piloted in their ascent
of the I'iver by a French prisoner brought with them
from England — Denis de Vitr^, formerly, a Quebecer
of distinction. Their landing place at Sillery was
selected by Major Robert Stobo, who had, in May,
1751), escaped from a French prison in Quebec, and
joined his countrymen the English, at Loaisbourg,
from whence he took ship again to meet Saunders'
fleet at Quebec. The tourist next drives past Thorn-
hill, Sir Francis Hinck's old home, when Premier to
Lord Elgin ; opposite appear the leafy glades of
Spencer Wood, so grateful a summer retreat, that
my Lord used to say, " There he not only loved to
— 32 —
live, but would like to rest hi l)ono>." Next comes
SpeiKMM" (r.";iii<^o, iho H'.'iii of J. M. L'MoiiH', E-q. ;
tlion W^iodHcld, the homest«!:id ot* !»■.'- JFon. Win.
Shepparu -'- in lSt7, now of Mf.ssi's. Johu I. and Jas.
(ribl). t The eye mxl dwells on the I'u^Lic Clmrcdi of
St. .Michel, eiiihowered in uve!<^!e(}, ; close to which
looms out, at S'fus les Boiis. the stately convent of
JGsm-Marlc ; then you meet with villas innumerahlo
— one of the iuo>t conspieuous is Henniore, Col.
IJhodes' couiitiy seat. BenmoiH^ is well worthy, of a
call, were it only to procure a hour/net. This is not
merely ihe J'lden of roses ; ('ol. Jthodes has eomhined
the fai'm with the ^'ardeii. His undei ground rhubarb
and mu.shroom cellars, his b<jundless asparagus beds
and strawberry ]>lantations, are a credit to Quebec.
Next come Clermont, (1) Beauvoir, (2' Kilmar-
nock, ' 3)Catai'aqui, (4 Kilgrasion, Kii'k-Ella,(5) The
H'ghlands, JJartifield, J)ornald, McjidowBank, (G)
Eavenswocx], (7) until, aftei* a nine iriiles di'ive^ liea-
clylfe cloHos the I'ural landscape Jiedclyfte, (8) on
the top of Ca)) li)Uge promontoiy. There, many
indications yet mai'k the spot whei'O lioberval's
c
c
S.'
* Hoiib. W. Slicppsinl dicsl in isflT — rej^rotted nsa scholar, an
auti(iii.ny unci tlie lyjc ol the old Enjjflish j,'»iitlem;in.
f This realm of tail y laud, so rich in nature's graces, so pro-
fusely eiubeilishrd hy the iate James Gil)l), Es(j., Prtsuient of
ihe Q (bi c Uaiik, was lecen'ly sold for a Cemt'ttry,
(!) The state. y hoiia- of i.t Col. Ferdinand TumUill.
^*J ) The pi(tnres(|ue villa of K. R Do!>eil, Esq.
(;;) A mossv old h.ili founded by Mr. McNider in ihe beginning
cf the century ; now cceii|)ird I y the Giaddon taniily.
( i) Thv goigeoii.'v mansion of Mrs. Chas E. Levey.
(.')) The proiieny of Ib^beit Campled, Esq.
({■») The hiddy cultivated farm and summer residence of Chief
Jii.'-tice Sir An Uew Stuart
(7 ) The beautdul home of W. Herring, Esq.
(c) llccent.y acquired by Amos Buwen, Esq.
jxt comes
[on. Win.
. and J as.
Olini'C'li of
to which
on vent of
mnierahlo
loi'e, Col.
n thy, of a
Chis is not
tM)nil)ine(l
d ihiibarb
ni^iis beds
o Quebec.
' Kilmar-
hi,(5) The
Jank, (G)
ivCj liea-
e, (8) on
re, many
ioberval's
stlioltir, an
CCS, so pro-
*lH8H:eilt of
111.
beginning
Ice of Chief
-33 —
ephemeral colony wintered as far back as 1542. You
can now, if you like, return to the city by tlio
same route, or select the St. Foye Road, skirtin^:
the classic heights where General Murray, six
months after the first battle of the Plains, lost the
second, on the ^28th April, 1760 ; the St. Foye Church
was then occupied by the British soldiers. Your ga/.o
next rests on Holland House, Montgomcrys head-
quarters in 1775, behind which is Holland Tree,
overshadowing, as of yore, the grave of the Hollands.''-
The view, from the St. Foye road, of the gracefully
meandering St. Charles below, especially during the
high tides, is something to be remembered. The
tourist shortly after detects the iron pillar, sur-
mounted by a bronze statue of Bellona, presented in
1855 by Prince Napoldon Bonaparte — intended to
commemorate the fierce struggle at this spot, of 28th
April, 1760. In close vicinity appear the bright p^r-
terres or umbrageous groves of Belleviie^f Hamwaod,;j;
Bijou,|| Westfitdd, § Sans-Bruit, and the narrow gothic
arches of Finlay Asylum; soon the traveller re-enters
by St. John's suburbs, with the broad basin of the St.
Charles and the pretty Island of Orleans staring him
in the face. Let him drive down next to see the
Montmorency Falls, and the little room which the
Duke of Kent, Queen Victoria's father, occupied there
in 1791-3. A trip to the Island of Orleans by the
ferry will also repay trouble ; half an hour of brisk
steaming will do it. The Island contains hotel
• For account of the duel, which laid low one of the Hollands
see Pdctiiresque Quebec. The tree, however, has lately been
destroyed by a storm.
f A st^itely Convent of Congregational Nuns.
X The ornate country seat of Robt. Haniiltun, Esq.
II Tiie cosy dwellini; of And. Thomson, Presidi.'iit, Union Dank.
§ The homestead of Hon. David A. Kuss.
— Si-
accommodation. Let him cross then to St. Josenh,
Ldvis, ih the ferry steamer, and go and behold the
most complete, the most formidable, as to plan, the
most mocfern earthworks, making one foi-get those
of Antwerp. They are capable of containing three
regiments of soldiers. At a point to the north-east of
the lower fort, a plunging fire from above can be
brought to bear, whifh would sink the most invul-
nerable ironcla4 in the world.
— 35 —
t. Jo8ej)h,
ehold the
plan, tho
•get those
ling three
th-east of
ve can be
ost invul-
To
The Author of^'A CJiance Acquaintance," t&c.,
W. D. HOWELLS,
Cambridge,
BOSTON.
The History of Ciiateau-Bigot is respect-
fully inscribed in remembrace of the pleasure
experienced by the writer, on perusing Mr.
Howells' delightful account of " A Pic-Nic"
at the Chateau.
J. M. L.
Spencer Grange,
• Sillery, 1st August, 1874.
ri
a
bi
fii
-37 —
CHATEAU-BIGOT
ITr HISTORY AND ROMANCE
;' Ensconced 'mid trees this chateau stood-
Mid flowers eadi aisle and porch •
At eve soft music charnud the ear'—
High blazed the festive torch.
But, ah ! a sad and mourntal tale
Was her's who so enjoyed
The ttansient bliss . these fair shades-
By youth and love decoyed.
Her lord w. s true-yet ho Wcis false,
jbalse— false— as sin and hell—
jTo former plights and vows he gave
To one that loved him well."
The Ilermitage.
Fiom time immemorial an antique and massivo
rum, standing in solitary loneliness, in the ce"^e of
a clearing at the foot of the Charlesbourg mountain
five miles from Quebec, has been visited by th^
young and the curious. It was once a two-storv stone
building, with thick ponderous walls. In lengU. t is
fi%-flve feet by thirty-five feet broad-piel-ced for
«
-38-
six windows in each stoiy, with a well proportioned
door in the centre. In 1843, at the date of my first
visit the floor of the second story was yet tolerably
sti-ong : I ascended to it by a rickety, old staircase.
The ruin was sketched in 1858, by Col. Benson Los-
sing and reproduced in Harper's Magazine for Ja-
nuary 1859. The lofty mountain to the north-west of
it is called La Montaone des Ormes ; for more than a
century, the Charlesbour^ peasantry designate the
ruin as La Maison de la Montague. The English have
christened it The Hermitage, whilst to the French
portion of the population, it is known as Chateau-
Bigot, et Beaumanoir ; and truly, were it not on ac-
count of the associations which surround the time
worn pile, few would take the trouble to go and look
at the dreary object.
The land an which it stands was formerly included
in the Fief de la Trinite, granted between 1640 and
1650 to Monsieur Denit?, a gentleman from La Eo-
chelle, in Fiance, the ancestor of the numerous clan
of Denis, JDenis de la Ronde, Denis de Vitr^, &o, * This
♦ I am happy to be able to throw some additional light on the
early times of this mysterious ruin, which has so much perplexed
Quebec antiqunries. T'is probable this stately mansion was built
by the great Intendant Talon as the Baronial chateau, permitted
by his grant, (see Seigrnoral Documents, 18.VJ — « page 444 and 448)
according to which he was empowered to establish gaols, a four-
post gibbet a post with an iron collar on which his
arms should be engraved " Of all this redoubtable feudal pomp,
there are no vestiges now extant. Of how the chateau fared from
Talon's time to Bigot's, we have failed to unearth any information.
After the conquest, the land came by ptirchase into the pos-
session of the Stewart family, lately represented by the Hon John
Stewart — a most interesting but lengthy letter from one of the
Stewart's, describing the winfer months he spent at the Hermitage
in ITTo-ti, whilst Arnold, held for Congress, the environs of Quebec
is in my possession. Mr. Wm. Crawford, the late owner of the
land and ruins, having kindly allowed me the use of his title-
39 —
ftioned
ny first
lerably
aircase.
on Los-
for Ja-
-west of
3 than a
late the
Lsh have
French
;;)hateaa-
ot on ac-
he time
and look
included
1640 and
[i La Ko-
ous clan
c. * This
ght on the
1 perplexed
, was built
!, permitted
14 and 448)
lols, a four-
which his
udal pomp,
fared from
formation,
ito the pos-
e Hon John
one of the
Hermitage
s of Quebec
ner of the
,f his title-
seignioiy was subsequently sold to Monseigneur de
Laval, a descendant of the Montmorency's who found-
ed in 1663 the Seminary of Quebec, and one of the
most illustrious prelates in New France : the portion
towards the mountain was dismembered. "When the
Intendant Talon formed his Baronie Des Islets, f he
annexed to it certain lands of the Fief de la TrmiUy
amongst others that part on which now stand the re-
mains of the old chateau, of which he seems to have
been the builder, but which he subsequently sold.
Bigot, having acquired it long after, enlarged and
improved it very much. He was a luxurious French
gentleman who more than one hundred years ago,
deeds. I read that " Charles Stewart, avocat et notaire demeur-
ant a Quebec, proprietaire du fief de Grand Pie, autrefois dit De
la Mistant^iienne ou Mont Plnisir, & la Canardifere, par ttcte de
Vente du !i6 Juin l/cJO, devantJeanAntoine Panet, N. P. conceda
^ titre de cens et rentes seigueuriales k Monsieur Jean Lees,
le Jeune, Simon Fraser, le Jeune, et William Wilson, negociant
en cette ville, 10 arpents de front situ^s dans le fief Grand Pre ou
Mont Piaisir, u la Can.-ircli^re, au lit u nonime La Montugne ou
THermitage, prenant d'un bout, vers le sud aux terres de Joseph
Bedard, et Jean-Baptiste LeRoux dit Cardinal, et allant eu jjro-
fondeur vers le nord quatorze arpents ou environ, jusquii la vielle
cloture du verger, icelui verger compris en la presente concession
et vente, les dix arpents de front joignant du c6te du siid-nuebt
aufietdela Trinitc, appartenaut au Seminaire, et du cute du
nord-ouest h. la terre de Jean Cliatiereau, ensemble la maison k
duux elage8, une grange et une etable en bois, construits sur les
dits dix arpents '
The property was resold the ,12th August, 1805, by John Lees
et a/, to Charles Stewart, Esq., Comptroler of Customs, Quebec.
t May, 167.', Louis the XIV" and Colbert granted to Monsieur
le Conite Talon, Intendant, the Seigniory des Ilets, "t(gether
with those three nei^hborinj^ villages to us belonjiirig the first
called Bouig Royal, the second B juig la Reine, the third, Bourg
Talon, 8ubse(juentiy changed into the Barony of Orsainville." —
Ferlandi ii Vol., p. G^O
— 40 —
V
held the exalted post of Intendant under the French
Crown, in Canada. J In those day the forests which
skirted the city were abundantly stocked with game :
deer of several varieties, bears, foxes, perhaps
even that noble and lordly animal, now extinct in
Lower Canada, the Canadian stag or Wapiti, roamed
in herds over the Laurentine chtun of mountains and
were shot within a fcw miles of the Chateau St. Louis.
Tliis may have been one of the chief reasons Avhy the
French LucuUus owned the castle, which to this day
b ars his name — a resting place for himself and
fi'iends after the chase. The profound seclusion of
the spot, combined with its beautiful scenery, would
have rendered it attractive during the summer months,
X Hawkin's Picture of Quebec will give us an idea of the
splendour in which the Intendant lived in his town residence :
" Immediately thronuh Palace Gate, turning towards the left,
and in fiont of the Ordinnnce building and store-houses, once
stood an edifice of great extent, surrounded by a spacious garden
looking towanls the iiiver St Charles, and as t'^ its interior
decorations, far more sph'ndid than the Castle of St. Lewis. It
Wiis th(; Palace of the Intendant, so called, because the sittings
of the Sovereign Council wore held there, after the establi.'-hnKnt
of the Royal Government in New Fiance. A small district
adjoining is still called Le Palais hy the old inhabitants, and ihe
nam<; of the gate, (since removed) and of the well-proportioned
street which leads to it, are derived from the same origin.
" The Intendant's Palace was described by LaPotherie, in
16". )H, as consisting of eighty toises, or four hundred and eighty
feet ot buildings, so tlint it appeared a little town in itself. The
King's stores were kept there. Its situation does not at the
present time appear advantageous, but the asp< ct of the River 8t.
Charles was widely dfferent in those days The property in the
neighborhood belon-ied to 'the Government, ov to the Jesuits :
large meadows and flowery j)arterres adorned the banks of the
River, and reached the base of the rock ; and as late as the time
of Charlevoix, in l/'iO, that quarter of the city is spoken of as
being the most beautifid. The entrance was into a court, thi ongh
a lisrge mute w..y, the ruins of which, in St, Valier Street, still
remain.
n
— 41 —
French
8 which
h game :
perhaps
itinct in
, roamed
ains and
^t. Louis.
why the
: this day
iself and
elusion of
ly, would
r months,
idea of the
esidence :
rcls the left,
louses, once
?ious garden
its interior
. Lewis. It
the sittings
t;iblii-huKnt
lall district
,nts, nnd ihe
)roportioned
gin.
•other ie, in
and eighty
litself. The
not at the
the River 8t.
perty in the
^le Jesuits :
)ankH of the
as the time
Kpoken of .IS
.nrt, thiniigh
Street, btill
even without tlio swoet repose it ht»d in store foi' a
tired hunter. Ti'adition a.sci'ibes to it olli(3r purposes,
ami amusements less perniissiblc than those of the
chase. A traii'ical occurence enshi'ines the old build-
in^- with a tinge of myste;y.
Franyois Bii^ot, thii'teenth and last Intendiint of the
Kinics of France in Canada, was born in the province
of (xuienne, and descended of a family distino-uished
by professional eminence jit the French bjvr. His
Commission bears date ''10th June, 1747," the In-
tentlant had the charge of foui* departments : Justice,
Police, Finance and Marine. Me had previously filled
the post of Intcndant in Louisiana, and also at Louis-
boui'g. The disaffection and revolt which his i-apa-
city caused in that city, were mainly instrumental in
pnjducing its downfull and surrender to the English
commander, Pejjperell, in 1745. Living at a time when
tainted morals and official coi-ruption ruled at coui't,
beseems to liavo borrowed his standard of morality
from the mother country: his malversations in office,
his extensive frauds oi» the treasury, some £100, 000;
his colossal speculations in provisions and commis-
sariat supplies furnished by the French government
to the colonists during a famine; his dissolute con-
duct and final downfall, ai'e fiuitful themes, w'here-
from the historian can draw wholesome lessons for
afl generations. Whether his Charlesbourg (then
called Bourg Royal) castle was u ed as the receptacle
of some of his most valuable booty, or whether it was
merely a kind of Lilliputian Pare au Cerfs, such as
his I'oyal master had, tradition does not say. It would
appear, however, that it was kept U]^ by the plunder
wrung from soriowing colonists, and that the largo
profits he made by paiiing fVom the scanty pittance
the French ii'overnment allowed the starvinir rcsi-
-^42 —
dentp, were here lavished in gambling, riot and
luxury.
In May, 1*75*7, Ihc population of Quebec was reduced
to subsist on four ounces of bread per diem, one lb.
of beef, HORSE-FLESH or codfish; and in April of the
following year, this miserable allowance was reduced
to one-half. " At this time, " remarks our historian,
Garneau, '* famished men were seen sinking to the
<3arth in the streets from exhaustion. "
Such wei'e the times during which * Louis XY.'s
XY's minion would retire to his Sardanapalian retreat,
to gorge himself at leisure on the life-blood of the
Canadian people, whose welfare he had swoi-n to
watch over ! Such, the doings in the days of La Pom-
padour. The results of this misiule were soon appa-
I'cnt : fhe British lion qnietly and firmly placed his paw
on the coceted morsel. The loss of Canada was viewed,
if not by the nation, at least by the Fj'cnch Court,
wiih indifference. Voltaire gave his friends a banquet
at Ferney, in commemoration of the event ; the court
* These were times in which royalty did not shine forth in
peculiarly attractive colors. On one side or the English Channel
loomed out the eft\ min ite figure of the French Sultjin. Louis
XV., revelliufi- undisturbed in the scented bowers of his harem,
tliL* Pare aux Cerfs ; La Pom/>adotir, managing state matters ; on
the other, a Brunswicker, (Georue II) one who, we are told, ''had
neither dignity, learning, mouils, nor wit — who tainted a grt*t
society by a bad example : who, in yduih. manhood, old age, was
gr ss, low and sensual:" — although Mr Porteus, (nfterwards
My Lord Bishop Porteus) says ihe earth was not good enough
for him, and that his only phice was heaven! — whose closing
speech to his dyinL^ loving, true-hearted Queen is thus rel ded
by Thackery : " With the fihn of death over her eyes, writhing
in intolerable puin, she yet had a livid smile Jind a gentle word
for her master. You have read the wonderful histoiy of that
death-bed ? How she bade him marry again, and the reply the
old King Idubbered out, " A'o7i, non, faurai des maitresses. There
never was suck a ghastly tarce. " — {l^he Four Georges.)
h
hi
m
fir
en
th
til
l.a
L(
tin
BU
th(
dci
fed
Co
[II ic
OIU
)re
his
(he
I
|)n t
A
U'OO
:)iirf-
Ihe
ouen
hortl
d b{
seer
ibyri
riot and
as reduced
m, one lb.
pril of the
[IS reduced
historian,
ing to the
onis XV/s
an reti-eat,
ood of the
I sworn to
of La Pom-
soon appa-
'ced his paw
v^as viewed,
inch Court,
9 a banquet
the court
;hine forth in
;lish Channel
iultjin. Louis
lol his harem,
le matters ; on
lare toUl, ''had
linted a grt*t
I, old age, was
(afterwards
^ood enough
Iwhose closing
thus rel ited
^es, writliing
gentle word
history of that
the reply the
Xtrems. There
\ges.)
— 43 —
favorite congratulated Majesty, that since lie had got
rid of these " fifteen thousand arpents of snow,"
he had now a chance of sleeping in peace; tho
minister Choiseul urged Lonis the XV to sign tho
iinal treaty of 1768, saying that Canada would b<i tin
emharras \.o \\\Q English, and that if they were Aviso
they would have nothing to do with it. In the mean-
tirae the red cross of St. George was waiving ovor tho
battlements on which the lilly-spanglod banner of
Louis XV. t had proudly sat with but one interrup-
tion for one hundred and fifty years, the infamous
l^igot was provisionally consigned to a dungeon in
the Bastille — subsequently tried and exiled to Bor-
deaux ; his property was confisctated, whilst his con-
federates and abettors, such as Varin, Breard, Maurin,
Corpron, Martel, Estebe and others, were also tried
and punished by fine, imprisonment and confiscations :
one Penisseault, a government clerk (a butcher's son
by birth), who had married in the colony, but whoso
pretty wife accompanied the Chevalier de Levi on
[lis return to France, seems to have fared better than
the rest.
But to revert to tho chateau walls, as I saw them
[)n the 4th June, 1863.
After a ramble with an English friend through the
ivoods, which gave us an opportunity of providing
)urselvos with wild flowers to strew over the tomb of
he ^' Fair Eosamond," % such as the marsh mary-
t In 1()*21», when Qiiehec surrendered to K''rth.
X The fascinating daughter of Lind Clifford, f imous in tho
^nendary history of England, as i\\c: mistress of Heniy II,
hortly 1)1 for • his aectssidn to the throne. an<! the subject of an
Id ballad. She is said to have l)een kept by h» r royal lover in
secret bow or at Woodstock, the approaches to which formed a
ibyrinth bo intricate that it could only be discovered I y the
•
— 44 —
gold, clintonia, iivularia, the starflower, veronica, kal-
mia, tri Ilium, and Canadian violois, we unexpectedly
8trurk on the i-uin. One of tlie first things which
attracted notice was the singularly corroding ettect
the e'isterly wind hason stone and mortar in Canada :
the oast Lal)lc being indented atid much more eaten
awny than that exposed to the western blast. Of the
original structui'e nothing is now standing but the
two gables and the division walls ; they are all three
of great thickness ; certainly no modern house is
built in the mani.er this seems to have been. It must
have had two stoj'ics, with rooms in the attic and a
deep cellar : a communication existed from one cellar
to t!ie other through the division wall. There is al-o
visible a very sn.all door cut thiough the cellar wall
of th(3 west gai)Ie ; it leads to a vaulted apartment of
eight foot square : the small mound of masoniy
which covered it might originally have been etf'ect-
tutilly hidden from view by a plantation of trees over
it. What could this htive been built for, asked a
roniantii* friend ? Was it intended to secui-e some of
the Iiitcndant's plate or other portion of his ill-gotten
tjcasure ? Or else as the Abbe Ferland suggests : '"^
'* Was it to store the fruity old Port and spaikling
{
}
g
cl
m
ar
ar
ui
w
of
pi'
fii'.
Th(
Mi
the
l)r.
clu
the
tio
cl»w (if u silken thread, whi\h the Kinc" used for that i<iirpo>e
Hero Qnceii Eleaiu.r disc( vered and | oisoned her aloiit I 17ii-
{Xoled names of Fiction, 1 17.>. tiee also VVoodstoi k. — Wawer y
Aovelsi
* 1 am JDilehttd to n y ohl fiiend the Al be Ferland for the vvc
fo!h winu reniaik : '• 1 visited Chatt au-Bii;ot doriiii;' the sumnier
of isMl It was ill tlu! state tlescribed by Mr. Papineaii. In the
interior, the walls were still i)aitly papered. It n^ust not be for
^ott' n that aliont the be,«:innin^ of this century, aclubofi>o/i
vivinitx used lo meet lre([uently in the Chateau.'
[Three celebrated cUibs tloiirishcd here lont: before the Stada
cona ami St. James' G nb were thouj:hi of The lirst was formed
in Wtiebce, al out the b< ginning' of tliis cmtury It was oriuinally
called, says Lambert, the Beef IS teak Club, which name it soon
.TO*
'illt
ir
1
t s
'I I
ti
(Krl.
f o
ronica, kal-
expoctedly
in ITS which
D(Jin<' cttoet
ill Ciintida :
more out on
1st. Of tho
ing but the
xro all threo
m house is
en. It must
! attic and a
m one cellar
rhere is aUo
e cellar wall
LpHrlmeiit of
of mason ly
> been etfect-
of trees over
•or, risked a
lire some of
lis lU-gotten
suggests : *
id spaikling
\y that iairiio>e.
aiout I 17li —
nVi.— Waiver y-
'erlnnd for the
iii;- the i-iiiiimei
iiiKiui. In llie
Hist not Ik' for-
a club of JJon
f(»iv the StJida-
Irsi was foruK'tl
— 45 —
Moselle of tlie club of tho Barons, who held their jo-
viiil meetino-H there about the beginning ofthiseen-
tuiy?" Was it his mistress, secret boudoir when
tho Intendant's lady visited the chateau, like the
AVoo.lstook tower to which R'»yal Henry picked his
WAj through "Love's L-idder ? " Quien sabe ? Who
can U!iravel the mystery ? It may have served for the
foundation of the tower which existed when Mr Papi-
nenu visited and described the place fitty-six years
ago. The heavy cedar i-afters, more than one hun-
dred years old, are to this day sound : one has been
broken by the fall, proitably, of some heavy stones.
There are several indentures in tho walls for fiie
chansxed for that of the Barons Club. It consisted of twenty-one
members, "who are chiefly the principal merchants in the coi{»ny,
anl are styled b.irons. As the members diop off, their plaees
are siijjplied by knights elect, who are not installed as barons
until there is a siifiticent numher to pay for the entertainment
whirh is given on that occasion." J. Lambert, during the winter
of l"^U7, attendeii one of ihe banquets of installation, which was
^iven in the Union Hotel (now the Morgan's Tailoring Store
facing the Place d'Arines.) The Hon. Mr Dunn, the President of
the ['rovince, and administrator, during the absence of Sir Uoliert
Milnes. attended as the oldest baron. The Chief Justice and all
the in'incipal officers of the government, civil and military, were
>rcsent. This entertainment cost "2^)^) i:uinca8 The Barons
dIu >, s'lys Wm. Henderson, was a sort of Pit Club. — all, Tories to
the ba<kbone. Ir wis a very select affair — and of no long dnra-
tioii Amomr the members, if my memory seives me riglit,
were Jiihn Coltm^n, George Hamilton, Sir John Caldwell, Sir
orge Powiiall H. W. Ryland, George Heriott, (Postmaster and
inthor), M ithew Bell, Gilbert Ainslie, Angus Shaw. {Azotes of
W Hen.lerson.)
Till' other club went under the appropriate name of "Sober
)iub" — lucus a noil Lucendo perhaps: it flouiishcd about Ic-ll,
t s.'cnis to ine more than like y ihat it was the C'ub of Barons.
i'l i not th ' Sober Olnb. wh» caroused under the romantic walls
wasori.uiiially > the Hermit ige. The third Club flourished at Montreal: it
u;uue it soon "ck the name of the Beaver Club, and was, I beiieve, coniiJOtied,
1' old Northwesters.)
— 46 —
plaoes. which are built of cut masonry; from the
allele of one a song sparrow flow out, uttering its an-
xious nato. We searched and discovered the bird's
nest, with five spotted, dusky eggs in it. How strange I
in the midst of ruin and decay, the sweet toi^ens of
hope, love and harmony ? What cared the child of
song if* her innocent offspring were reared amidst
these mouldering relics of the past, mnyhap a guilty
past? Could she not tea h them to warble sweetly,
even from the roof which echoed the dying sigh of
the Algonquin maid ? JRed alder trees grew rank and
vigorous amongst the disjointed masonry, which had
crumbled from the walls into the cellar ; no trace ex-
isted of the wooden staircase mentioned by Mr Papi-
neau ; the timber of the roaf had rooted away or been
used for camp-fires by those who frequent and fish
the elfish stream which winds its way over a pebbly
ledge towards Beauport. It is well stocked with small
trout, which seem to breed in great numbers in the
dam near the Chateau.
Those who wish to visit the Hermitage, are strong-
ly advised to take the cart-road which leads earterly
from the Charlesbourg church, turning up. Pedes-
trians will prefer the other road ; they can, in this case,
leave their vehicle at Gaspard Huot's boarding-house,
— a little higher than the church of Charlesbourg, —
and then walk through the fields skirting, during
greater part of the road, the murmuring brook T have
previously mentioned, but by all means let them take
a guide with them.
I shall now translate and condense, from the in-
teresting narrative of a visit paid to the Hermitage
in 1831, by Mr. Amedee Papineau and his talented
father, the Hon. Louis Joseph Papineau, the legend
which attaches to it :
Wyse
coinpl
wiiho
Hiii.se
Muiso
from the
ing its iin-
tho bird's
w sti'anLj;e !
, tokens of
le child of
•ed amidst
lip a gnilty
ilo sweetly,
ing sigh of
V rank and
which had
lO trace ex-
Y Mr Papi-
ray oi* been
jnt and fish
)r a pebbly
with small
bors in the
ai'e strong-
,ds earteily
p. Ped OS-
tin this case,
ding-house,
llesbourg,—
ng, during
•ook I have
t them take
m\ the in-
IHermitage
lis talented
Ithe legend
— 47 —
CAROLINE, OR THE ALGONQUIN MAID,
(by Amedde Papineau. )
'• We (Jrove. my fatlier and I, with our vehicle to the veiy foot
of the mountain. ;tnd there tonka f>;ot-path which led usthiouuh
a (l.nise woo 1. We eueount red and cr 'ssed a rivii'et, an I then
.iscen hw a phiteau cleared of wooil, a most inchanting place;
liL'hind us and oii our rigijt w.is a thick forest ; on our left the
eye rested on boundiess green fields, diversifieil* with golden
harvests and with the neat white cottJigi s of the peanautry. In
live disiance w is visible the bro.id'and p acid St. L iwrence,at the
fwot of the citadel of Quebec, and also the shining cupolas and
tin roofs of tho city houses ; in front of us, a confused mass of
ruins, crenelated walls embedded in moss jind r ink grass, toget-
her with a tower half destroyed, beams, and the mouldering
remains of a roof. Atter viewing the tout ensemble, we atttntively
examined each portion in detail — every fragment was interesting
to us ; We with difficuliy made our Way over the wall, ascending
th' ui)per stories by a staircase which creaked and trembh d
under our weight. Witli the assistance of a lighted candle, we
j>enetrated into the damp iind cavernous cellars, carefully explor-
ing every nook and corner, listening to the sound of our own
footsteps, nnd occasionally startled by the rustling of bats which
W(i uisiurbcd in their di-mal retreat. I was young, an U theie-
fore very impressionable. I had just left, college ; these ex-
traordinary sounds and objects at times made me feel very
uneasy. I jiressed close to my father, ani dared scarcely breath ;
the remembrance Of this subterranean exploration will not easily
be forgotten. What were my sensations when I saw a tombstone,
the reader can imagine? < Here We are, at last 1 ' exclaimed my
father, and echo repeated his words. Carefully did we view this
moniimeni ; [>resentiy we detected the letter ' C,' nearly obliter-
ated by the action of time ; after remaing there a few moments,
* It is painfai to wat<-,h the successive inroads perpetrated by sports
-ini'u aud idlers on the old (Jhuteau. In 181», au old Quebecer, Mr.
Wyse, visited it ; doors, verandah, windows and everything else was
coniplete. He, too, lost hisway |in the woods, but found it again
wiiliout the help ot an Indian beauty. It was then known as the hauntt^d
liuise; supposed to contain a deal or rreuch treasurer, aud called Za
Muiaon du JUoutg Royal*
5«
— 48 —
to n y unspeakable delight we mmle onr exit from this clmmhcr
of dt'ath, Mild, 8tepi>ini; over the niiriK, wc a^ain ali^^iitod <»n the
git't'U hWiird. Ev.df-ntly where we stood had fo merly been a
gardtn : we could still make out tlie aveinu'S, tlie walks aud
plotx, over which plum, lilac and apple trees gri w wild.
'* I had not yet uttered a word, but my curidsity getting the
b(tt«rof my tear, I demnndtd an explanation of thiw myHttiicnis
tombf-tont'. My tnther Ix ckonrd me lowards a hId dy old niaplf ;
Wc botii Kat ( n the turt, niid he then s^tdko as foiU-ws ; — You
have, no doubt, my Hon, heard of a Frundi Iiitindaut, ot ihe
name of Biuot. who h.-id « barge of the public tunds in Canada Kome-
wh( re alout the year 17t)7 ; you hare also read bow he squun-
deied tin se moneys nntl how his Christian Majesty hud him stnit
to the Hastille when he icttirntd to France, and had his properly
confiscited. All this you km w. I shall now tell y»»u wlia?, pio-
bably, you do not know. This luttndant attempted to lead in
Canada the same dissolute lite which the old noblesse ltd in
France befoiD the French Kevolution had levelled all classes. He
it was who built this country seat, of which you now "(contem-
plate the ruins. Here, he cauie to seek relaxation from the cares
of I thee; here, he prepared entertainments to which the rank
and fashion of Quebec, including its Governor General, eagerly
tlo( ked : nothing was wanting to compietu the eclat ot this
little Versailles, Hunting was a favorite pastime of our ancestors,
and Bigot was a mighty hunter As active as a chamois, as
daring as a lion was this indefatigable Nimrod, in the pursuit of
bears and moose.
" On one occasion, when tracking with some sporting friends
an old bear whom he had wounded, he was led over mountainous
ridges and ravines, very far from the castle. Nothing could
restrain him ; on he went in advance of every one, until the
bloody trail brought him on the wounded animal, which he soon
despatclied.
" During the chase the sun had gradually sunk over the western
hills ; the shades of evening were fast descending : how was the
lord of the manor to find his way back ? He was alone in a thick
forest : in this emergency his heart did not tail him, — he hoped
by the light of the moon to be able to find his way to his stray
companions. Wearily he walked on, ascending once or twice a
high tree, in order to see further, but all in vain : soon the
unpleasant conviction dawned on him that like others in similar
cases, he had been walking round a circle. Worn out and
exhausted with fatigue and hunger, he sat down to ponder on
what course he should adopt. The Queen of nightjat the moment
— 49 —
lis cliamlicr
htoil on the
Lily bttn a
walks aiid
Id.
petting the
niysttiious
old niti|'l<^* ;
i(,ws ; — You
iMiit, ot the
!ina»ltiKoiii(3-
V lie squun-
11(1 him sent
his jii-oporty
111 wiuif, |>io-
l to leiiil in
')lesse led in
classeH. Ho
;ow*('onU;iu-
oui the I arcs
ch tlie rank
t;ral, eag«rly
eclat ol ihiH
iir ance^^tol•8,
chamois, as
lu pursuit of
rting friends
mountainous
(thing could
e, until the
hich he soon
Ir the western
Ihow was the
le in a thick
I, — he ho[)ed
to his stniy
;e or twice a
soon the
'IS in similar
lorn out and
to ponder on
the moment
shedding hor silvery rays around, only helped to show the htinter
how liMpuless was his present position. Amidst these mournful
reflections, his ear was startled l)y tlio sound of f()otste{)S close I y :
his spirits rose at the prospect of help being at hand ; soon ho
perceived tlio outlines of a moving white object. Was it a
I'liaiitoMi which his disordered imagination had conjiucd up ?
Terrified, ho seized his trusty gun nnd was in the act of tiling,
iieii the appaiation, ralpidiy advancing tow irds hiiu, assumed
(|uife a human lorm : al ith liguro st"od before him With eyes as
hlack as night, and raven tresses tUiwiiig to the niulit wnni ; a
s[ictth'ss garment enveloped in its ample folds this airy and
siiaceful spectre. Was it a syl li, the s[)irit of the wilderness ?
Was it Diana, the goddess of the cha-io, favoring ontj of lier mo-^t
artleut votaries with a glimpse of her form divine ? It was
neiilier. It was an Algoniiuiu maid one of those ideal tyi»es
whose white skin betray th"ir hyi)rid origin — a niixtnre ot
Euro[)ean blood with that of the aboriginal races, liwas Caiolin •,
a child of love borne on the slioros of the great Ottawa river :
a French olhoer was her sire, and the powortul Algonquin tribe
of the Beaver ciaimeii her mother.
" Tlie Canadian Nimrod, struck at the si^ht of such extraor-
'inary beauty, asked hor name, and after relating his udventtire,
iH'gged ot her to show him the way to ihe castle in tiio
neighborhood, as she mtist be familiar wit every path of the
forest. Such is the story told of the tirst meeting betw en ihe
Indian beauty and the Canadian Minister of Finance and Feudal
Judge in the year 175 —
" The Intendant was a * married man : his lady resided in the
Capital of Canada. She seldom accompanied her husband on his
hunting excursions, but soon it was whispered thit something
more than iho pursuit of wild animals attracted him to his country
seat : an intrigue w.th an Indian beauty was hinted at. These
discreditable rumors came to the ears of her ladyship : she made
several visits to the castle in hopes of verifying her. worst fears :
jealousy is a watchful sentinel.
*' The Intendant's dormitory was on the grotmd floor of the
building : it is supposed the Indian girl occupied a secret apart-
ment on the flat above ; that her boudoir was reached through a
* Error— he wa8 a bachelor. These anions were not uncommon. We
find the Baron de St. Castin marrying Matilda, the beautitul d.inghier
of Madocawaudo. : he became a I'amoua Indian Chief, helping D' Iber-
ville, in Acadia, and left a numerous progeny of olive colored prin-
cesses with eyes like a gazelle's (J.M. L.)
-50-
1
hmg and narrow passage, ending with a hidden staircase opening
ou the large room which overlooked the garden.
" The King, therefore, for his defence
Against the furious Oueen,
At "Woodstock builded such a bower,
As never yet was seen.
Most curiously that bower was built,
Of stone and timber strong."
(Lallad of Fair Kosamond.)
'• Let us now see what took place on this indentical spot on
llie 2nd July, 175 — . It is niyht ; the hall clock has just struck
(noven ; the cealess murmur of the neighboring brook, gently
A\atted on the night wind, is scarcely audible : the f Song
bparrow has nearly finished his evening hymn, while the X
Sveet Canada, bird, from the top of an old pine, merrily peels his
.^ vill clarion. Si' mce the most profound pervades the whole
eastle ; eveiyligh, is extinguished ; the pale rays of the moon
slumber softiy on the oak floor, reflected as they are through the
uotliic windows ; every inmate is wrapped in sleep, even tair
Rosamond who has just retired. Suddenly her door is violently
thrust open ; a masked person, with one bound, rushes to her
bed-side, and without saying a word, plunges a dagger to the hilt
in her heart. Uttering a piercing shriek, the victim falls heavily
on the floor. The Intendant, hearing the noise, hurries up stairs,
raises the unhappy girl who has just time to point to the fatal
weapon, still in the wound, and then falls back in his arms a
lifeless corpse. The whole household are soon on foot ; search
is made for the murderer, but no clue is discovered. Some of the
inmates fancied they had seen the figure of a woman rush down
the secret stair and disappear in the woods about the time the
murder took place. A variety of stories were circulated, some
pretended to trace the crime to the Intendant's wife, whilst others
alleged that the avenging mother of the creole was the assassin
some again urged that Caroline's father had attempted to wipe
oflf the stain on the honor of his tribe, by himself despatching his
erring child. A profound mysteiy to this day surrounds the whole
tran!?action. Caroline was buried in the cellar of the castle, and
the lettt r '< C " engraved on htr tombstone, which, my son, you
have just seen "
\ Melospiza melodia.
: Zonotrichia leucophrys.
opening
imond.)
al spot on
just struck
ok, gently
lie t Song
hile the t
yr peels his
the whole
if the moon
hrough the
p, even lair
is violently
5hes to her
r to the hilt
alls heavily
es up stairs,
, to the fatal
his arms a
foot ; search
Some of the
1 rush down
he time the
ilated, some
whilst others
le assassin
»ted to wipe
latching hie
the whole
castle, an
3y son, yo
— 51 —
Haifa century has now elap«ed sence the period mentio^.ed in
this narrative. \ search in vain for several of the leading charac-
teristics on which Mr. Papineau descants so cloquentU' : time,
the gn^at destroyer, has obliterated many traces. Nothing meets
my view but mouldering walls, over which green moss and rank
weeds cluster profusely. Unmistakable indications of a former
garden there certainly are, such h,< the outlines of walks over
which French cherry, apple and gooseberry trees grow in wild
luxuriance. I take home from the ruins a piece of bone: this
decayed piece of mortality may have formed part of Carol ines
big loe, for aught I can establis^h to the contrary; Chateau-Bigot
brings back to my mind other remembrances of the past, I re-
collect reading that pending the panic consequent on the sur-
render of Quebec in l?')!), the non-combatants of the city crowded
within its walls ; this time not to ruralize, but to seek conceal-
ment until Mars had inscribed another victory on the British flag.
I would not be prepared to swear that later when Ai noli and
Montgomery had possesson of the environs of Quebec, during
the greater portion of the winter of 17 75-B, some of those prudent
English merchants (Adam Lymburner at their heal), who awaited
at Charlesbourg and Beauport, the issue of the contest, did not
take a quiet drive te Chateau-Bigot, were it only to indulge in a
philosophical disquisition on the mutability of human events ;
nor must I forget the jolly pic-nics the barons held there some
eighty years age.*
On quitting these silent halls, from which the light of ether
days has departed, and trom whence the voice of revelry seems to
have fled for ever, I recrosssed the )'*''le brook, already mentioned,
musing on the past. The soliti''>' \vhich surrounds the dwelling
and the tomb of the dark-hiiiieu child of the wilderness, involun-
tarily brought to mind ;hat beautiful passage of Ossian f relating
to the daughter of Reulhamir, the '• white bosomed " Moina : —
" 1 have seen the walls of Balclutha, but they were desolate. The
fire had resounded in the halls : and the voice of the people is
heard no more. The ihistle shook there its lonely head ; the
moss whistled to the wind. The fox looked out from the windows,
* The Hon. Mr. Dunn, Administrator of the Province in 1807, was tfie
senior baron : Hons. Mathew liell, John Stewart, Messrs Muir. Irvine
Lester, McNaught, Grey Stewart, Munro, Fuilay, Lj'mburner. Payuter;
these names were doubrless also to be found amonjrst the Canadian ba-
rons ; the Hon. Chas. de Lanaudi^re, was the only I'rench Canadian
member.
t Book of Carthon
— 52 —
the rank p:rnsR of the wall waved rounfl its head, Desolnfe is
the dweiling' of Moina, silence is in the h<mse liaise 'he
^oii",'^ of mourning, bards' over ihe land of ftranj.'ers. They
have but fallen before us : for one d iy we must fall. "(J. M. L.)
■ « CP>»-
L'lNTENDANT BIGOT -ROMANCE CANADIENNE.
Par Jos. Marmette.
After perusing the Legend of Co'olwe, the Algonquin Maid, the
lover of Canadi an story, can tin I a more artistically woven plot
in one of Mr. Marinettr's historical novels L'Intendant Bigot.
The fol owing summary is f;om a bhort critique I recently pul li^h-
ed thireon :
<' It is within the portal of Beaumanoir (Chateau-Bigot) that
several of the most thrilling scenes in Mr. Marmette's novel are
Bnpi)OS( d to have taken i)lace. A worthy veteran of noble birth,
M de Roehebrime, had died in Quebec, through neglect and
hunger, on the very steps of Bigot's luxurious palace, then facing
the St. Charles, leaving an only daughter, as virtuous as she was
beauiiful. One day wilst returning through the fields (where St.
Roelis has since been built) from visiting a nun in the General
H<>s|)ital, bhe was unexjjeetedly seized by a strong arm and
thrown on a sw)ft horse, whose rider never stopped nnlil he had
deposited his victim at Bigot's country seat, Charlesbourg. The
name of this cold-blooded villain was Sournois. He was a
minion of the mighty and unscrupulous Bigot. Mdlle. de Roche-
brune liJid a lover A dashing young French (fficer was Raoul
de Beaulao. Maddened with love and rage, he closely watched
Bigot's movementli'ln the city, and determined to repossess his
treasure, it mattered not ut what sacrifice, Bigot's was a difficult
game to play. He had a liaison with one of the most fascinating
and fashionable married ladies ot Quebec, and was thus prevent-
eti from hastening to see the fair piey awaiting him at Beauma-
noir. llaoul plaved a bold game, and calling jealousy to his
help, he went and confided the deed to Madame Pean, Bigot's
fair eiiariner, entreated her immediate interfiTence, and after
some hairbrea h escapes arrived at the Chateau with her just, in
time to save Mdlle. de Rochebrune from dishonor.
Desolftte is
, . . , liaise I he
n^'ors. They
(J. M. L.)
DIENNE.
jnin Maid, the
y woven piot
SNDANT Bigot.
ently iml li^h-
aii-Bicot) that
;te's novel are
of noble birth,
ih neji:lect and
ce, then facing
OU8 as she was
.'Ids (where St.
n thf General
•ong arm and
d iiniil he had
esbourg. The
fi. He was a
He. de Roehe-
er was Knoul
sely wat( hed
repossess his
[was a difficult
st fascinating
thus prevent-
Q at Beaunia-
. ousy to his
|Pean, Bigot's
;(', and after
h her just, in
— 53 -
Madame Ptan was returning to the ciiy with Mdlla. de Roche-
bjune and Radul, when on driving past the walls of the Inteu-
dant's palace, close to the spot wtierc D' fosises street now begins,
her carriage was attacked by a baud of armed men— a recon-
noitcring party from Wolfcs fleet, an< hored at Montmorency.
A scuffle ensued, shotn were fired, and some of the assiiillants
killed ; but in the 7?/e/t(e iMdlle. de Kodn-bniuc was seized and
hurried into the English boat command* d by one Captain Biowii.
During the remainder of ilie 8umm>T the Canadian niaid, tr at d
with very species of respect, ren.ained a i):isoner on lnoard, ihe
admirals ship. (It is singular that Admiral Dureli, wliose
beloved young son was at >he time a prisoner of war at Three
Rivers, did not i^ropose an excliange.) In ihe darkness and con-
fusion which attended the disembuiking t f Wolfe's army on the
night of the Pith September. I75i>, at Siiieiy, Mdlle. de Kccht.-
brune slipped down the side of the ve.^scl, and getting iut*. one
of the smaller boats, drifted ashore with the tide and Ian led at
Cap lJ,onge, just as her lover Uaoul, who was a Lieutenant in La
Roche-Beaucour's Cavalry, was i)atroliing the he.{:hts of Siileiy.
Overpowered with joy, she rode behind him back to thu city.
and left him on ner.ring her home ; but. to her horror, hhe s])ied
dogging her fVotsteps her anjh-enemy the Intendant. and fell,
down in a species of tit, which turned out to b^ catalepsy This
furnishes, of course, a veiy moving tableau. I he lovely giil - tsnp-
posed to be dead- was laid out in her shroud, when Rao'/t,
during the confusion of that terrible d. y for Fnnch Rule, the
l: th September, calling to see h'-r, tiadu her a corpse just ready
for interment. Fortunately for the heroine, a bombshell foi-oittu
in the yard, all at once and in ihe nick of time ignitmg, ex-
plodes, .'•hattering ihe tenement in fiauments. The concussion
r^ls Mdlle. de Rochebrune to life ; a happy marriage soon after
ensues. The chief character in the novel, the Intindant, sails
shortly after f>r France, where he was iny risoned, as hisiory
states, in the Bastille, d»u-ing fifteen nionW^aiid his ill-::ott(n
gains confiscated. All this, with the exeepiion of Mdiie. de
Ro(hebrune's character, is strictly historical.
In 1-86, a young Canadian wiiter ]\lr. E Imond Rousseau, of
Chateau-Richer, wrote (|uite a stiirini: historiial novel cu the
Ruin— intitled: Le Ch.atkau de Bealma.noiu.
iBi
-68 —
THE lAVAL raiVEMITY PICTTOE GAIIEKT.
1 Victoria, Queen of England, by Jo,. Ugari.
8 George III, King of « « ., !
4 Mountain Sceneor, striking effect, _ by T. Danid.
5 Portrait of Calvin, _ by Leeman, (Ch. Pier,on).
6 Juno giving orders to 1,18, ^i>„„,W Uytem.
1 For rait of Cardinal Trivultius, Prince of Armgon - 1643
o a Maiden.
» Rurel Scenery.
10 Scenery _ bridge, — river, — &H
11 «
13 " Shepherd and Flock.
?? T,r " ^^"^^ *°^ *'™*^- Salmtar CaUigliom.
14 Woman milking Cows. Euins.
15 Shepherd and Flock.
16 Mountains, _ bridge, _ river, - waterfall.
1/ Kural Scenery.
18 Mountains and Ruins.
ly The Old Convent, - 3, Vargaaon.
20 Rural Scenery.
21 Tame Fowls.
22 « «
23 « « '
24 " «
— Be-
ss Peaches and other fruits, — Andrea Montieelli.
26 Flowers and fruits.
27 " " Grasdurp.
28 ** " Jean-Bapti^te Monnyer.
29 Vase ornamented with flowers. S. P. Fiesne.
30 Windmill by moonlight.
31 Old Monastery, with river and herd of cattk.
32 Hermitage. H. Vargason,
33 Marine. Karl Vernet.
34 « II u
35 " Negroes quarelling on the Avharves, — Karl Vernet.
36 " Seaport, — Jos. Vernet.
37 Landscape, showing river, bridge, buffaloes, —Andrea Lucatelli
38 Ancient Monastery, groto and lake.
3'J Hunter and dog fight. Abraham Rademaher.
40 Stag hunt. Van Mullen,
41 Gazelle «
42 Landscape.
43 " Card playing on the ground. Salvator Rosa,
44 " Copper-plate. David Teniers.
45 u « u ((
46 Delivery scene.
47 Cariolanus desarmed by his mother.
48 Little basket, charming scenery.
49 Portrait.
50 "
51 The Poet Demetrius. Brownzig,
52 The Poet.
53 Butcher, baker and sailor. John Opie,
54 Serenading in the streets of Rome.
55 Torch light toilet. Schalken.
56 Rural Sctnery, ruins. Peter Vdin Blounen.
57 Small Farm.
58 ♦' "
yer.
Karl Vemet.
indrea Lucatelli
Ivator Rosa,
-5t —
Teniers.
li
Jean Lingelhack.
59 Outside scene, lunch in a park.
60 Inside «
Gl In arrear "
6-i "
(53 Battle.
04 Cavalry encounter, between Saxons and Romans. Jo«. Parocel.
65 " Turks and Romans "
6G Attending to a wonnded soldier.
67 Woman returning from market. •
68 Flute-player. Jean Mohnaer.
69 Geceful bacchanalian. — Palamede (Staevarst.)
70 Fair. Monmeks. ,
71 Roman antiquities. Iluhert Robert.
I'l Golden Calf. Frank LeJeune.
715 Martyrdom of Ste. Catherine. Francois CJiauvain.
74 St. Michael triumphing over rebellious angels.
75 St. Jerome awaiting the sound of the last trumpet.
76 St. Michael vanquishing the Devil. Simon Vanet.
77 Daughters of Jethro. Giovanni Francisco Romanelli.
78 St. Jerome in the desert. Claude Vignon.
79 Elias throwing his mantle to Elisha. Albert Van Ouwater.
80 Ste. Elizabeth of Hungary.
81 Body of Our Saviour returned to his mother. Antoine Van Dyck'
82 Judith and Hopherness head.
80 St. Louis Bertrand. Pisanello Vittore.
84 Our Saviour's birth announced to the Shepherds. Cornelius
Polemburff,
85 Christ crowned with thorns. Arnold Mytens.
86 Maiiyrdom of Robert Longer ( 1764). H. Allies.
87 « " St. Stephen.
88 Death sentence. V. II. Janssens.
89 St. Bartholomew.
90 Wise men adoring. Don Juan Carrenno Be Miranda.
91 Inside of a Church. Pierre NeefSj PAncien.
— 58 —
9*2 Presentation in the Temple. Domenico Feti.
9;] Circumcision « "
94 Mother of Sorrows.
95 St. John, the Baptist.
9fi St. Hilary. Salvator Rosa.
97 St. Jerome commentiug the scriptures.
9d Portrait of a Bishop.
99 SS. Peter and Paul.
100 Young woman playing guitar. David Tenters.
101 A Monk at Study.
10*2 A Head. Stoplebeen.
103 A Franciscan Monk praying by torch light.
] 04 Ecce Homo.
105 God, the Father, surrounded by angels. N. Poussin.
10() St. Jean the Evangelist.
107 St. Mary Magdalen. Louis Antoine Daniel,
108 Birth of our Saviour. Antoine Coypel. ^
109 St. Bruno and his disciple. Le Sueur.
110 St. Ignatius of Loyola. P. Lauril.
111 Disciples of EmmaUs. Paul Bril.
11-2 St Peter's Denial.
113 Cardinal P. H. Van Steeland after his death.
114 St. John the Baptist's Head.
115 St. Peter by tortch light.
116 Adoration of Magi. Don Juan Carenno De Miranda.
117 St. Peter and the broken vase.
118 Blessed Virgin and infant in cradle.
119 Mater Dolorosa.
li>0 Faint outline of the features of a Saint.
121 Moses. Lanfane.
122 Shepherds adoring.
123 Mater Dolorosa.
124 Ecce Homo.
125 Aged monk studying by tortch light.
126 Birth of our Saviour. Lovemo Gramiccia. ,
— 59 —
1-27 School of Athens (from Raphael) by Ph. Paul Ant. Robert.
l!i8 Burning of the Burg (from Raphael.)
I'Ji) Holy Family and St. Jean Baptiste. Grammiccia.
130 St. Joseph and the infant Jesus.
131 Martyrdom of Pope St. Vigil. L. W. Baumgartner,
Ki'i St. Ambroise and Theodosius. F. Sigriso.
13o Jfsus on the Cross. Louis Carrache.
134 Ai^cd monk meditating.
135 Fall of Simon the Magician. Sebastian Boardon.
136 lioligion and Time (allegorical).
137 J->;'.vid gazing at the head of Goliath. Pierre Pwjet.
138 The light Felicities. ./. CorneiL
131) Tlie Coronation of the Virgin. Giacorno Tintoretto.
140 The Child Jesus blessing.
141 B;;ttle between Indians. Jos. Legar''.
14'J St. Jerome.
143 EccuHomo.
144 Louis XIV. Quentin De Latour.
145 Marie Liezinska, Queen consort of Louis XV. F. Boucher.
147 Marie Joseph de Saxe, Dauphine, mother of Louis XV.
/'. Boucher.
148 Madame Victoire, tille de Louis XIV. "
149 xMadame Adelaide " " "
150 Madame Louise « « "
151 Jesus meeting Ste Veronique. Luis de Vargas
152 Portrait of Josephte Ouriie, aged if5 daughter of an Abena-
quis Chief. Jos. Legare.
153 The Virgin and Child Jesus.
154 Htad ot St. Nicholas.
155 Bt-ariug the Cross.
156 Ascension of Qur Lord.
15: Assumption of the Holy Virgin. .^^
MEMORABILIA.
Jacques Carticr landed on the banks of the S:iint Charles,
Sept. II,
Quebec founded by Samuel dc Champlain July :!,
Foit St. Louis built at Qui bee
Queb^ c su I rendered to Adrninil Kirk
Queliec returned to the French
Dtaih of CliJuiiplain, the lirst Governor Dec. 2i)
Settlement formed at ISillery
A Uoyiil Government form* d at Quebec
Quebec unsuccesslully besii^ged by Admiral Phi[)ps
Count de Frontenac died Nov. iiH,
Battle ol the Plains of Abraham Sept. \'.\,
Capitulation of Quebec Sept. IH,
Battle of Ste. Foye— a French victory April *2K,
Canada ceded by treaty to England
Blockade of Quebec by General Montgomery and Col. Ar-
Lold Is'ov. 10,
Death of Montgomery 31 st Dec,
Ketreat of Americans from Quebec May 0,
Division of Canada into Upper and Lower Canada
Insurrection in Canada
Second Insurrection
Union of the two Provinces in one
Dominion of Canada formed July 1,
Departure of English troops
Second Centenary of Foundation of Bishopric of Quebec by
Monseigneur Laval Oct. 1st. 1674,
Cent enaiy of Repulse of Arnold and Montgomery before
guebec on 31st Dec,, 1775 31st Dec.
Duffcrin Plans of City embellishment, Christmas day
Departure of the Earl of Dufferin. Ibth Oct.,
Arrival of the Marquis of Lome & Princess Louise . '^Oth Nov.,
" •• « " Lansdowne " "
955^8^ 7'>1
1535
U)V8
Ki-O
U'yA)
Ui32
1035
l();i7
wm
I7i>0
1759
1700
1753
1775
1775
1776
171)1
1837
\8A8
1840
1807
1870
1874
1875
15<75
1878
1»78
1883
t CharlcR,
Sept. M, 1535
. . July :;, U){j8
' i(;-o
Ui:j2
. . . Dec. '^-) 1 o;]5
JOii?
KiC-J
^s um
.Nov. 2H, laiS
• S^'Pt. i:;, i7-,u
.Sept. is, J7r,9
.April •>^, iroo
1753
Col. Ar-
■Nov. 10, ]775
31st Dec, 1775
. . . May 0, 1776
17i)i.
1837
I8;i8
- 1840
..July 1, 18(57
1870
lebec by
1st. 167J, 1874
'' before
!lst Dec. 1S75
ay lt(75
8th Oct., 1876
0th Nov., Ie78
*' " 1883